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Letter From the Editor Canine Corner Exposed

Holiday Gift Guide Bear Witness Tsukiji Fish Market: a Photo Essay Mountaineering Boots and Crampon Buyer’s Guide

Front cover: Cordillera Blanca, Peru Photo: Joshua Gilbert This Page: Hillmans Highway, NH Photo: Joshua Gilbert

Letter From the Editor It’s the big season change. Winter to spring is an easy and welcome transition, spring to summer just provides more opportunity to get outside after work and longer weekends, and spring brings mild evenings and relief from to the heat some of us. But winter is the season we often don’t look forward to. As much as I like my winter sports, skiing, ice climbing and the like, somehow I’m never quite ready for winter to come. Ready or not winter is here and the best we can do is try our best to embrace it. To that end we have a holiday gift guide and a mountaineering boot and crampon buyer’s guide so you can make an educated choice about what to put on your holiday wish list. That should bode well with the below average temperatures in the Northwest forecasted through the winter by the NOAA. Also this month an Alaskan guide tells his story of a serious bear encounter as a young guide. I also share with you a photo essay of one of the busiest wholesale markets in the world, Tsukiji Fish Market in Tokyo, Japan.

EDITORIAL EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ERICK POUND EXECUTIVE EDITOR ELIZABETH COX ASSOCIATE EDITOR SHANE WILLIAMS PHOTO EDITOR NATE BURGESS K-9 EDITOR NIXON 12/13/2003 - 1/26/2011 STANLEY BUSINESS OFFICE ADVENTURE INSIDER MEDIA, LLC 4465 NORTHPARK DR. SUITE 100 COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80907 Adventure Insider Magazine is published by Adventure Insider Media, LLC on a quarterly basis in March, June, September and December.

Although Adventure Insider Media, LLC It should be noted that we did not release an issue in September. Due to a number of strives for accuracy and confirms information issues we didn’t feel like we had a strong enough product to present. It’s embarrassing yes, but at the time of publishing we cannot be held we are learning from our (read, my) mistakes and hope to never do such a thing again. Next responsible for errors. year you we think you will like the improvements we are implementing. While participating in any outdoor or Erick Pound recreational activity you do so at your own risk. Editor-in-Chief Adventure Insider Media, LLC cannot be held [email protected] able for any damages, injury or death that occurs as a result of your participation, even in such Check out this month poll on our Facebook page: What are your big plans for the winter cases of error or omission. season? Head over to our Facebook page and vote. Copyright© Adventure Insider Media, LLC, 2011. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or part without prior consent is strictly prohibited.

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Exposed

Each issue we showcase some of our photos and those of our readers. Have something you think can make the cut? E-mail us at [email protected] Opposite Top: Bouldering in Telluride, CO Nikon D60, 1/80, f/4.0, 400 ISO Photo: Joshua Gilbert Opposite Bottom: Elephants roam Masai Mara, Kenya as a storm loom Photo: Angie Orth Right: A bee does his work propagating pollen Nikon D200, 1/1000, f/5.6, 500 ISO Photo: Nate Burgess

Below: Water cascades over rocks as autumn falls over Shenandoah NP, West Virginia. Olympus Stylus Tough 8010, 1/8s, f 5, 80 ISO Photo: Erick Pound

8 Adventure Insider Magazine • December 2011

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Canine Corner Stanley got to spend a little over a week in Maine during the fall and he certainly seemed to enjoy the time away from the concrete jungle. Acadia National Park allows dogs in their campgrounds, something a lot of parks get wrong, and the town of Bar Harbor is extremely dog friendly. There was also a stop in Portsmouth, CT for a couple nights, also very accommodating of four-legged friends. Look for more on Maine in the next issue. Stanley is looking forward to the coming winter more than we are. His love for the snow just can’t be explained. Now that he’s more or less fully grown Stanley will be joining us on even more adventures and sharing his stories here.


Tips on spending time with your best friend and reviews the latest K9 gear. If you have a tip or want us to review something e-mail us at [email protected] Review: Chuck-it Bumper In Maine, Stanley developed quite a fondness for his Chuck-It bumper (pictured at left). Bumpers are specifically designed for to train retrievers to retrieve items, such as ducks, from the water. The bumper floats high in the water and the bright red and green colors make it easy to find, even in the choppy Maine waters. Easy to throw and the pup loves it even on land. $12.50 www.chuckit.com

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Holiday Gift Guide Travel Medical Kits by Adventure Medical Kits

It’s that time of year again. If you’re not quite sure what to get for the outdoor loving person in your life we can help. Below are eight gift ideas that will help you get started, or finished, with you shopping this year.

Adventure Medical Kits makes first aid kits for a range of outdoor and travel medical kits wherever your choice of activity of destination. Adventure Medical Kits packs all of their kits in very organized kits that are very convenient to use and carry. Kits designed for use on the water include watertight cases, travel kits are in portfolio type cases that make for easy packing, and an women’s specific travel kit is available. If you have a loved one that spends much time outdoors or on the road get them piece of mind that comes with knowing they have medical supplies should they need them.

Nikon AW100

Nikon certainly wasn’t first to market with a ruggedized camera, in fact they were pretty close to last. That said, the wait was worth it. With built-in GPS (a glaring oversight on many cameras in this class) you can go back and find exactly where a photo was taken. No more guessing. Using software that will map photos such as Apple’s iPhoto, Google Earth, or the built in maps at the bar can be a fun way to share memories of your trip. The AW100 features full 1080p video, 16MP photos and one handed operation. The AW100 is designed to take a decent amount of abuse too. Waterproof up to 33ft. shockproof up to 5ft. and freezeproof make the Nikon AW100 one star performer in the outdoor camera arena. Probably not quite worth upgrading if you already have a camera in this class, but if not, this is the one. $379.95 http://www.nikonusa.com

Hydro Flask Growler

Earlier this year Hydro Flask released their growler and frankly, it’s glorious. The double wall insulation keeps beer fresh and cold until you’re ready to drink it, up to 24 hours. Because it’s made of 18/8 stainless steel it will stand up the abuse that riding in your pack all day will dish out. It also won’t break when if falls on the rock or gets banged around in the back of your car on the way home. You can also store anything you would like to keep warm in the growler (soup, chili, tea) but we prefer to the use it for it’s intended purpose. Hydro Flask makes double-wall insulated flasks in sizes ranging from 12oz. all the way up to the 64oz. growler including a food flask of which we are big fans of the entire line. $49.99 www.hydroflask.com

Mountain Hardwear Medusa Gloves

Cold hands? No problem. Even while ice climbing all day in some of the most demanding conditions. Mountain Hardwear bonded their propriety OutDry waterproof membrane directly to the Medusa’s outer shell making the gloves some of the most waterproof gloves we have ever tried. The Medusa’s also include a removeable windproof softshell liner not only makes the glove nice and warm but protect your hands when you need the added dexterity of not wearing the shells. The nose wipe on the thumb is another great feature. While the wipe isn’t the softest material on earth it does stay free of snow and ice. If you are looking for a pair of gloves that spends a decent amount of time outside during the winter you could do much, much worse than the Mountain Hardwear Medusa. $150 http://www.mountainhardwear.com


$10-70 (travel series) http://www.adventuremedicalkits.com

iPad 2

The last thing you need is someone else telling you how great the iPad is. Sorry, but it’s true. For those that travel on a regular basis lugging a laptop around can be a real pain. With countless travel apps for checking into flights, reserving hotels, finding things to do in a new city, and countless other tasks once you get hooked on your iPad for travel it’s tough to do without it. But it’s the fact that it can all but replace lugging around your laptop where the iPad shines. E-mail, web browsing, apps for blogging, text processing, presentations, and almost any other items you need to get done on the road. Presentations can even be given with available adaptors. While doing a lot of content creation on the go can be a little awkward on the touchscreen a bluetooth keyboard is available that will ease that pain. Many people are big fans of the other e-readers on the market such as the Kindle and Nook as well. And while we can certainly get behind that we love the versatility the iPad offers. And while there are other tablets on the market that promise similar functionality none have caught on to this point. So this year it’s the iPad 2 that gets the nod and even with the 3G making travel more convenient the wi-fi version should be sufficient for most people. $499-$829 www.apple.com

Donations to Charity

Charities in this country provide many services that are near and dear to many of our hearts. If you have someone in your life who travels or loves the outdoors there charities no doubt protect some of the land they use. With the prolonged economic problems currently facing us many charities have seen a large drop in donations and this can be your chance to help them. If you really don’t know what to get that special person maybe a donation in their name could be the best gift. Some examples for donations include the Access Fund, Doctors Without Borders, or even the Red Cross. Many local charities are great candidates for your gifts as well. In addition you get a tax deduction for this gift, it is the end of the year after all and it’s kind of like giving and getting at the same time.

On Consuming

With the holidays upon us it is almost too easy to get caught up in the giving spirit. While it is nice to receive things and certainly a joy to give please consider the impact before you buy something you don’t need. Monday, Nov 28 also known as Cyber Monday turned out to be a record in sales...ever. Patagonia on the other hand ran a full-page ad in the New York Times with the title ‘Don’t Buy This Jacket’ (ad at right) reminding us that everything we buy damages the earth. No preaching, just thought the ad was worth sharing. Enjoy.

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Bear Witness A bear almost makes me shit in the woods. by Eric Cedric In 1993, I was a second-year wilderness point, but today was different. Pack Creek guide leading day trips on Admiralty Island was full, with another guided group and for brown bear watching. Brown bears are the several independent observers already drawing same bear as grizzlies. Many decades ago, a the spaces for viewing the bears. While Pack hunting club decided any grizzly living within Creek is frequented by sows – female bears approximately 100 miles of saltwater would – and cubs that are habituated to human be called a coastal brown bear, while the presence, Windfall Harbor is interior bears kept the name grizzly. For those known to have larger, nonnot familiar, Admiralty Island holds claim to human habituated boars. having the world’s highest concentration of This presented a new facet brown bears, with a little more than one bear of guiding and directing my per square mile. This population of bears is clients for safe bear viewing. I higher than was going to have the total “That all changed, how- to bring out the grizzly popskills learned from ulation of ever when the bears years in the field, the lower 48 and a training class combined. started bearing down at known as “bear Native school” I had to Tlingit call us at full tilt. Now, they undertake for my the island guiding privileges. “Kootswere about 1000 feet We loaded our noowoo”, gear into the De which trans- away running full speed Havilland Otter in lates roughly Juneau and flew to to “fortress in our direction.” the canoe cache. of the bear”. After unloading On a typical day we would fly in via floatand saying goodbye to our plane from Juneau, pick up canoes at a cache, pilot and airplane, we watched and paddle over to prime bear-watching areas. the airborne “security-blanket” We would then spend the day taking advanbreak the water’s surface and tage of prime sightings, photographing the head east toward Juneau. bears up close and personal – often within We loaded out gear into the 10-20 feet of multiple bears, sometimes dozcanoes and enjoyed a wonderens at a time. ful paddle over to Windfall On this particular day I was to take two Harbor, seeing harbor porclients to an area known as Windfall Harbor. poise and dozens of eagles as I obtained permits for this area as the rules we made our way through the of Admiralty Island, a National Monument, calm, briny water. The weather and UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, are tightly was unseasonably hot, with regulated. An area known as Pack Creek was temperatures approaching 85F the normal part of the island for our entry degrees and blue skies; not


exactly prime bear watching weather. Think of it this way, if you had a fur coat on, would you go out in 85F weather? Knowing that I had my work cut out for me, we began our search for the bruins. We found plenty of fresh tracks on some tidal flats, but no bears. Around lunchtime we decided to head over to the designated lunch area, set up by the rangers, where we had tied off our bear boxes containing our picnic lunch. After a jovial lunch filled with jokes, tall tales and flat out lies we decided to head back out to the tidal flats in hopes of sighting bears. My concern was mounting, however, as I know that these clients pay considerable amounts of money for the opportunity of a bear sighting and I feel obligated to do everything in my power to get make that happen. Shortly after lunch and back on the flats, one of the clients spotted what he thought were two bears in the distance, coming over a small knoll on the exposed tidal ground. Im-

mediately my clients began assembling their gear and cameras. I focused my attention on the bears as they began coming toward us. Knowing that a bear’s eye-sight is very poor and thinking there was no chance they knew we were here, I told the clients to enjoy and get ready for the bears to get very close. As I continued to watch, the bears began to run towards us. As a guide, I had witnessed bear charges before, and knew that most of the charges are ‘false’ charges, where the bears charge to within ten or so feet of you and then stop, look at you and continue about their business. So I was alert and on guard, but not necessarily concerned as the bears started toward us. That all changed, however when the bears started bearing down at us at full tilt. Now, they were about 1000 feet away running full speed in our direction. At this point I told the clients to get to the treeline, and if possible, get up a tree. I also told them not to run. So, naturally, the clients ran. I turned towards the bears, and for the first and only time in a career that has now spanned almost 20 years, brought my shotgun into the ready position and advanced a round into the chamber. The bears were coming, I had five rounds in a shotgun and I knew I had little chance of stopping one bear with the weapon, let alone two. I remember distinctly thinking at this point, “I quit. I don’t want guide anymore.” I remember thinking about writing a letter of resignation. Still, here were the bears and I had no choice but to deal with this situation. The bears stopped about 300 feet away. They stood there for several long, drawn out minutes and I was shaking but trying to hold

my ground. As time passed I remember thinking that perhaps this was bluff charging after all, and that we would be fine. Then all hell broke loose. The bears started coming at me full tilt again. My internal voice told me this was different, this was not a bluff. Against all training and better judgment, I too turned and ran. I was about 60 feet from the treeline and I went for it. I could swear I covered the distance in three steps. I made it to the trees, and was about eight feet past the tree line where I found a small dogwood tree and tried feebly to hide behind it. It provided a psychological respite even though it would do no good against the bruins. The bears were now at the tree line but for some unknown reason they would not come into the trees. They did, however, show all the classic signs of aggression - popping jaws, flipping the hump, and pounding the ground. I was horrified. I also had to find my clients. I turned and looked into the trees, and there they were, each up their own small hardwood tree, rarities for the region. What snapped me out of my fear and into anger was seeing one of the clients taking pictures of the whole affair. I was incensed by the thought of them profiting from photos of my impending, gruesome death by bruin. I barked at them to listen to me and proceeded to give instructions of what we would do when, or if, the bears left the area. We waited five or so minutes, an eternity in a situation like this, and I then had to go out onto the tidal flats to see if they were still there. I sum-

moned all my courage and went. The bears were gone, I instructed the clients to come down. We made it to the canoes, paddled over to the rendezvous spot, and waited for the floatplane to take us back to the urban safety of Juneau. Back in Juneau we parted ways. I had paperwork to fill out and an extensive debriefing to go through, but we arranged to meet at the Red Dog Saloon that evening. When I met them later they already developed the film, this being pre-digital days. They gave me a set of the prints, which to this day are some of the most cherished pictures and possessions I own. Having a visual record of this bear charge is a gift. One of the clients then gave me three crisp, fresh, hundred-dollar bills and a business card. It turned out he was the manager of a very upscale hotel in New York City I was told to give him a call if I was ever in New York. A year later I was flying back from Turkey through New York City and called him. I ended up being put up in the hotel and had a grand time. When I was brought into his office, he proudly displayed the picture of the two of us, after the encounter. Not a bad finish truly remarkable adventure. Eric Cedric is a former mountain guide and expedition leader with 20 years of professional experience. Cedric has worked on Denali, Elbrus and a handful of Himalayan peaks. In addition, Cedric is a private pilot and professional environmental and conservation writer. Cedric splits his time each year between the Adirondack Mountains, Southern California and Costa Rica.

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Tsukiji Fish Market: a Photo Essay In Tokyo exists one of the craziest places on earth. The Tsukiji Fish Market processes in excess of four and a quarter million pounds of fish with a value of more than fifteen million dollars every single day. However, if you want to see this show you have to get up early as the place is all but closed down by midday. The true spectacle is the tuna auction which starts at a few minutes after 5a.m. and finishes a couple hours later. Visitors are allowed however they are confined to designated areas, limited to 120 on a first-come first-serve basis and there are times the market is closed to the public, most notably around the new year. Once the auction concludes the goods are transferred via bike, cart and forklift to one of the almost 1,000 wholesale stalls. You would be well advised to keep your head on a swivel. If you keep a low profile and stay out of the way most visitors won’t be bothered and can roam the market and see the processing of all assortments of fish from the smallest minnows to large tuna weighing upwards of hundreds of pounds. If you go, know you won’t be alone and check the closures online at the markets homepage: http:// www.tsukiji-market.or.jp/tukiji_e. htm The market is composed not only of the inner market where the auction and processing take place but also an outer market. The outer market is where fish is sold at retail stalls along with prepared


foods, hand crafted knives and kitchenware. Be on the lookout for sushi restaurants in the outer markets where you will taste some of the freshest toro possible. Above: A man transports good via bicycle at the Tsukiji Fish Market Below: Fish for sale in the outer market

Clockwise from top left: Ice vendor cuts ice blocks. Ice gets loaded into the crusher. A market vendor receives ice to keep his goods cool. Tuna await transportation and processing after the early morning tuna auction. Tuna being transported via cart. Men load a crate onto a cart. A fresh tuna awaits processing.

BUYER’S GUIDE

Mountaineering Boots & Crampons

With practice, your boots and crampons can take you to the top of the world. Although we can’t help you with the practice, we can get you started picking out the right boots and crampons for your next mountaineering adventure. Your boots are arguably the most important part of your gear. They are like the tread on a tire -- without good boots you won’t make it to the summit. We also have you covered if your summit of choice includes traversing snowfields or climbing ice. We’ll take a look at what crampons may be suited to your boots as well as climbing aspirations.

Double Boots

Double are similar to ski boots in design in that they have a mold-able liner with a stiff plastic or waterproof or stiff waterproof shell. These boots are most commonly used for technical mountaineering in extreme environments, like K2 or Everest but may be employed by weekend warriors who struggle with cold feet during multi-day trips. Consult an expert if you feel you need these boots and aren’t Scarpa Phantom 8000 sure what to get.

Mountaineering Boots

These boots are designed for mountaineering in slightly less demanding conditions than double boots. They can range from the equivalent of heavyweight hiking boots to heavier boots designed for vertical ice and more serious mountaineering. Whereas heavier, stiffer boots perform better on snow and ice, they are less useful on the trail, and (perhaps not surprisingly) boots that perform better on the trail are less suited to the rigors of steep snow and ice. So, your intended use will determine the type of boot you need. Once you have decided on the type boot that fits your adventure needs, you should head to your local outfitter with the socks you plan on wearing. Try on several different pairs to ensure you find the fit that is best for you. While some manufactures still use leather which offers a faster break-in (but more maintenance to keep waterproof and conditioned), many are moving to high performance synthetic materials for most boots.

Heavyweight Mountaineering Boots Heavyweight mountaineering boots are designed for spending lots of time on vertical ice (WI4 and above), steep snow and ice, and in truly cold conditions. A full shank will make these boots extremely stiff but allow you to use automatic or step-in crampons with ease. The shank and the high cuff will make climbing vertical ice much easier. Generally these boots are extremely waterproof and well insulated, which of course adds up to a very stiff, heavy boot. Although this is ideal in a boot if you plan on serious mountaineering, the weight and difficult break-in period keep make it a less-than-practical boot for peak baggers and weekend backpackers. La Sportiva Lhotse

Nevado Chacraraju, Cordillera Blanca, Peru -- Photo: Josh Gilbert

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Mid-weight Mountaineering Boots

Break-in and Boot Maintenance

Mid-weight mountaineering boots are designed for hiking in cold temperatures and backpacking. Some models may have a half shank to allow use of automatic or step-in crampons. These boots can be used for less than vertical ice climbing (up to WI3). Mid-weight mountaineering boots are also ideal for moderately cold weather mountaineering while still offering the adequate flexibility and reduced Scarpa Charmoz weight to be comfortable on the trail. This is probably the ideal boot for budding mountaineers.

The break-in can be a bit of a love, hate process. Lightweight boots have a relatively quick break-in period, whereas mid-weight boots may require on the order of 100 miles of wear for an adequate break-in. Heavy mountaineering boots may require as much as 200 miles of wear for that comfort fit, during which time it’s as much you breaking in the boots as the boots breaking you in (see sidebar for blister treatments). Experimenting with different sock combinations can ease some of the pain, but for the most part it is just a process you need to endure. That said, make sure you tough it out before heading into the backcountry. Boots that have not been broken in have no place on the mountain, trail or ice. It’s worth spending a lot of time getting to know your boots. Even prior to making your purchase, do more than just take a quick ‘up and back’ in the store. Ask the clerk if you can spend some more time walking around the store in the boots you’re considering, do the rest of your shopping in them (I mean, it’s not like we ever go to an outdoor equipment store for just one thing, right?). If you have any discomfort after an hour it spells disaster for multi-day trips. Or, at the very least, it suggests that a different brand of boot is going to be better long term. If you need to help speed up the break-in time, look into custom foot beds, but don’t skip the prepurchase comfort test.

Lightweight Mountaineering Boots Lightweight mountaineering boots are ideal for winter hiking, backpacking with large loads, cold peak bagging and approaches. Although they can be used with snowshoes and are generally stiff enough to accept strap-on crampons for limited snow and ice travel they excel on the trail, they often provide less stability over snow, ice, Asolo Vortex and very rough terrain and therefore should be reserved primarily for trail use when you don’t expect much, if any, snow or ice. Many boot models in this category are made of leather and use other (primarily synthetic) fabrics for the side panels. The result is a reduction in weight and price but typically at the expense of stability, water resistance and durability. Although some manufactures offer Gore-Tex-treated models, many will require using a third-party waterproofing treatment, such as Nikwax.

With proper care, most well-made mountaineering boots will last a lifetime. After every trip inspect, clean and dry your boots. First, clean off large debris and dirt with a stiff brush. Next use a gentle soap such as saddle soap or Nikwax Cleaning Gel according to manufacturer’s instructions. Allow to dry away from any heat source as heat can damage the leather and liners. If additional waterproofing is required follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

Compatibility With Crampons Boots may have a welted heel, welted toe, or both. A boot with a heel welt can accept hybrid crampons while a boot featuring both welted heel and toe will accept automatic (or step-in) crampons. Boots lacking welts will require strap-on crampon bindings.

Crampons Crampons are boot attachments that feature metal spikes to provide traction on snow and ice. They come in different configurations, are made of different materials, and have different methods of attaching to boots. It’s a good idea to take you boots with you when purchasing crampons. While most stores will be able to get you a crampon you can take home and affix to your boots there is peace of mind that comes with leaving the store knowing you are ready to start your adventure. Again, the type and binding of crampon you settle on will be decided by their intended use.

Crampon Types Rigid crampons -- are designed for climbing vertical ice (WI4 and above). The crampons are constructed to provide no flex and therefore may take some time to get used to and are not suitable for trail use, but they provide the most stable platform when frontpointing vertical ice. Semi-rigid -- crampons provide some flex --- essential for walking on icy trails or glaciers -- yet they will also provide a stiff platform for climbing less-than-vertical steep ice (up to WI3). This balance of walking and climbing performance makes this style of crampon the best choice for general mountaineering (and also the most common type of crampon available). Flexible crampons -- are generally attached to the boot with straps and are the most comfortable crampon for walking on icy trails because they allow the user to maintain a relatively normal stride. They do not, however, provide any stability for climbing and thus are best suited for occasional use on low grade terrain.

Crampon Bindings There are three main types of crampon bindings. The type of crampon binding you decide on will be decided by your boot type. (see left) Step-in Crampons -- require a stiff boot with welts on the toe and heel. On the heel a lever keeps the crampon tight to the boot while a front bail fits into the toe welt. These are generally used on mid and heavyweight boots with a half or full shank. Hybrid crampons -- require a heel welt but do not need one on the toe. Instead a toe strap holds them in place on the toe. Strap-on Crampons Strap-on crampons -- can be affixed to almost any boot. They are simply help to the boot using nylon webbing.

Materials Crampons are generally made from a high-strength steel alloy and will last many seasons with proper care. There are also crampons made from lightweight aluminum that are best employed for occasional use -- a multi-day trip where crampons will be needed near a summit but you don’t want to be carrying steel in your backpack for the remainder of the trek.

Points Good crampons will generally have between 10 and 14 points. 10 point crampons are generally reserved for occasional use, whereas general mountaineering crampons will normally have 12 points, and crampons designed for climbing vertical ice will typically have 14. The point orientation will also have an effect on the utility of the crampon for specific applications. Mountaineering crampons will normally have two horizontal front points and the second row will be more vertical allowing good penetration in ice while walking. Crampons designed for ice climbing may have one or two front points orientated vertically for strength with the second row angled toward the toe to make front-pointing easier.

Crampon Maintenance Crampons will last many years with proper care. Always inspect your crampons beftore and after each trip and repair or replace damaged linking bars, straps or bails. Sharpen points with a hand file as they dull. Carrying a hand file with you on long trips may be necessary.


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