a trip report for a birding trip to the colombian andes - Bird Peru

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Sep 5, 2016 - Willy's Jeep and Colombian Cloud Forest .... Turkey Vulture - Cathartes aura: Jaramillo (2003) suggested t
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A TRIP REPORT FOR A BIRDING TRIP TO THE COLOMBIAN ANDES September 05th-23rd 2016 Leader: Silverio Duri This scope of this trip was to target some of the most endangered Colombia endemics and range restricted species which are fortunately protected in fragmented forest patches thanks to the efforts of Pro Aves and the Colombian National Parks and watershed reserves Colombia – one of the three most diverse countries for birds on the planet along with Peru & Brazil. North of Ecuador the Andes branches into 3 distinct mountain chains, separated by the Cauca and Magdalena valleys, each with its endemic avifauna. Mention of Colombia conjures images of Emeralds, Coffee, Vallenato music, but it is the birds and extraordinarily friendly people who make this country so attractive. We made no excuse for concentrating on endemics and range restricted species in the Colombian Andes, though on the route we took we did not ignore anything that popped up in front of us. This trip report is based on visits to reserves that protect the last remaining forests and habitats of some of the most endangered birds in the world. We registered over 500 species, 40 true endemics and, many endangered and some critically, including 61 species of Hummingbird. We experienced the warmth of the Colombia people, varied landscapes, traditional local food and « surprise » juices! And experienced driving skills from our driver Jiovani.

Willy’s Jeep and Colombian Cloud Forest





The Agenda

September 04th.-Arrival in Bogota east slope Central Cordillera. 2625 meters. Department of Cundinamarca. September 05th.-Birding all day at the Chingaza National Park at 3000 meters at Nuevo Mundo and toward the El Rincon del Oso. We had rain almost all day. Night in Bogota. East slope Central Andes. Department of Cundinamarca. September 06th Early morning birding trip to Parque La Florida, Distrito Capital, then to the airport in for our flight to Medellin and then on by our beloved van to the Reserva Natural de Aves (RNA) Arrierito Antioqueño Reserve, (Chestnut-capped Piha Reserve) 1600 meters. Department of Antioquia. West slope Central Cordillera. September 07th.-Full day at the reserve walking the Motmot and Bangsia trails up the ridge in the morning, field lunch 1700-1800 meters, (from 10 am until 4 pm aprox) and a little bit of the road and in the lodge garden in the end of the afternoon, and owling in the evening. Night at the RNA Arrierito Antioqueno. Department of Antioquia. West slope Central Cordillera. September 08th.-Drive to Medellin with few birding stops along the way and then onto Carmen de Atrato and the Las Tangaras Lodge. Night at Las Tangaras Lodge at 1600 meters. West slope of the Western Cordillera. Department of Choco. September 09th.-All morning at the Las Tangaras Reserve birding a nice wide trail uphill through the forest with a picnic lunch. Brief stop at the Hummingbird feeders at the end of the day. Night at Las Tangaras Lodge at 1600 meters. West slope of the Western Cordillera. Department of Choco.

September 10th.-Early start on the road to Urrao to a place curiously called “La M” at 2600 to 2500 meters, and in the afternoon near Bolombolo and then onto the petty town of Jardin with brief stop for endemics along the way. Department of Antioquia. East slope of the Western Cordillera September 11th.-Morning at the Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve (breakfast and lunch at the Reserve) at Alto de Ventanas 2700 – 2600 meters. and afternoon drive to the Otun Quimbaya Reserve for the night via La Pintada and Pereira 1800 meters, Department of Risaralda. West slope of the Central Cordillera. September 12th.-Morning at the Otun Quimbaya NP, near La Suiza, 1800-1900 meters, Department of Risaralda. West slope of the Central Cordillera. In the late afternoon – drive to Manizales. Department of Risaralda. Night in Manizales. September 13th.-Full day birding in the Rio Blanco Reserve – owling in the evening in our way back to our Hotel at Manizales (2500-2600 meters). West slope Central Andes. Department of Risaralda. Night in Manizales. September 14th.-Birding in the morning at Los Nevados National Park, with lunch at the Los Nevados Del Ruiz Hotel at birding at their hummingbird feeders, Department of Risaralda. 4000 meters, and drive in the afternoon to Libano. Night in Libano. Department of Tolima. September 15th.-Morning birding above El Libano at La Tigrera, Central Cordillera east slope and afternoon birding along the Laguna Del Hato road. Drive to Mariquita for the night. Department of Tolima. September 16th Early Drive and morning birding near La Victoria at the Bella vista Watershed Reserve, Central Cordillera East slope, Department of Caldas and drive to Puerto Pinzon via Puerto Boyaca and on to Reserva Natural de Aves (RNA) El Paujil, Serranía de Las Quinchas, Department of Boyaca. West slope of the eastern Cordillera. 200 meters September 17th and 18th.-Reserva Natural de Aves (RNA) El Paujil, Serrania de las Quinchas. Department of Boyacá/Santander. 400 meters. September 19th.-Some birding on the way, but mostly drive from El Paujil to Reserva natural de Aves (RNA) Reinita Cielo Azul (Cerulean Warbler Reserve), 1300 meters. Lunch along the way. Department of Norte Santander. September 20th.-Reserva Natural de Aves Reinita Cielo Azul (Cerulean Warbler Reserve) all day, 13001800 meters, west slope of the eastern Cordillera. We rode and walked to the slippery 150-year old Lengerke trail and spend the whole day here with a packed lunch. Late afternoon birding at the lodge. Department of Norte Santander. September 21th.-Some birding in the grounds of the lodge and the nearby coffee plantations on the way to San Vicente and then onto Ocaña. West slope of the eastern Cordillera. Night Ocaña. 1200 meters Hotel Plaza Real. Department of Norte Santander.

September 22th.-Reserva natural de Aves (RNA) Hormiguero (Recurve-billed Bushbird Reserve), 15001700 meters. After lunch back to the Reserve. Night Ocaña. Department of Norte Santander. September 23th Drive to the Bucaramanga with little scouting for territories of Recurve-billed Bushbird on the way to the airport and flights to Bogota for overnight.

THE KEY Species which were heard but not seen are indicated by the symbol * RED = IUCN RED LIST CATEGORY IOC = International Ornithological Congress SACC = South American Classification Committee E = Colombian Endemic RR = Range Restricted RNA = Reserva Natural de Aves (Pro-Aves Reserves) – the reserves and their names are listed here 1. RNA Arrierito Antioqueno (Chestnut-capped Piha Reserve) 2. RNA Las Tangaras (The Tanager Reserve) 3. RNA Loro Orejiamarillo. ( Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve – Alto Las Ventanas) 4. RNA El Paujil (The Blue-billed Curassow Reserve) 5. RNA Reinita Cielo Azul (The Cerulean Warbler Reserve) 6. RNA Hormiguero de Torcoroma (The Recurve-billed Bushbird Reserve

THE BIRDS

TINAMIDAE Highland Tinamou - Nothocercus bonaparte*: Heard at the RNA Cerulean Warbler. Named for Charles Jules Lucien Laurent 2nd price of Canino and musignano and Prince Bonaparte. (1803-1857). French ornithologist, taxonomist and collector. Nephew of the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. Tawny-breasted Tinamou – Nothocercus Julius*: Heard at “La M” and Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve. Great Tinamou – Tinamus major*: Heard at El Paujil Reserve Little Tinamou - Crypturellus soui*: 2 seen at El Paujil Reserve

ANHIMIDAE Northern Screamer - Chauna chavaria: Good views on the way to and from RNA El Paujil. Great views of around 9 in total.



ANATIDAE Black-bellied Whistling-duck - Dendrocygna autumnalis: 1 seen at La Florida Park Muscovy Duck – Cairina moschata: 5 seen in our way out from El Paujil Reserve to Cerulean Reserve Blue-winged Teal - Anas discors: Boreal migrant to Colombia seen at Parque La Florida. Andean Duck – Oxyura ferruginea: 2 at Parque La Florida. The SACC says Andean populations have often (e.g., Hellmayr & Conover 1948a, Siegfried 1976, Sibley & Ahlquist 1990, AOU 1998, Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, Jaramillo 2003) been treated as a separate species, O. ferruginea ("Andean Duck" or "Andean Ruddy-Duck"). However, see Adams and Slavid (1984), Fjeldså (1986), and McCracken & Sorenson (2005) for rationale for treating them as conspecific, as done previously (e.g., Blake 1977, Johnsgard 1979), and then followed by Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990) and Carboneras (1992f). The IOC says : Oxyura ferruginea is split from O. jamaicensis (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001; Jaramillo 2003, Dickinson 2003); SACC does not

CRACIDAE Sickle-winged Guan – Chamaepetes goudotti: Good looks at this smallish Guan at Otun Quimbaya, Tangaras and the Piha reserve. E Cauca Guan – Penelope perspicax: Around 12 seen at the Otun Quimbaya Reserve where it was rediscovered. Penelope was the daughter of Icarius and wife of Ulysses King of Ithaca. Perspicax means “Sharp-sighted” in Latin. ENDANGERED

Male Blue-billed Curassow – Silverio Duri



Band-tailed Guan – Penelope argyrotis – around 5 seen at the Bushbird reserve Andean Guan – Penelope montagnii – 1 on our first morning at Chingaza National Park Crested Guan – Penelope purpurascens: just the tame one at the Lodge of Piha Reserve E Colombian Chachalaca - Ortalis columbiana: Many encounters with this endemic throughout the tour E Blue-billed Curassow - Crax alberti: Wow – A wild male coming now every day to the Lodge for the last 2 years and hangs around the clearing of the Lodge, especialy in the early morning and late afternoon. Named for Prince Albert, Queen Victoria of Great Britains consort. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

ODONTOPHORIDAE Crested Bobwhite - Colinus cristatus: 6 seen on the Laguna Del Hato road Marbled Wood-quail - Odontophorus gujanensis*: At Paujil Reserve E Chestnut Wood-quail - Odontophorus hyperythrus: 1 briefly seen at Otun Quimbaya. NEAR THREATENED Gorgeted Wood-Quail – Odontophorus strophium*: at Cerulean reserve ENDANGERED Black-fronted Wood-Quail – Odontophorus atrifrons*: Heard at Bushbird reserve VULNERABLE

PODICIPEDIDAE

Pied-billed Grebe – Podilymbus podiceps – 1 seen at La Florida Park

PHALACROCORACIDEA

Neotropic Cormorant – Phalacocorax brasilianus

ARDEIDAE Rufescent Tiger-heron - Tigrisoma lineatum: One seen in the way in to Paujil and another one as we left RNA El Paujil Striated Heron - Butorides striatus: Small numbers seen in the way in and out to Paujil reserve Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis: Common and widespread Great Egret - Ardea albus: We saw small numbers at several wetland sites. Capped Heron - Pilherodius pileatus: 2 near Puerto Pinzon Little Blue Heron – 1 seen Snowy Egret - Egretta thula: A few here and there

THRESKIORNITHIDAE Bare-faced Ibis - Phimosus infuscatus: Common.

CATHARTIDAE Turkey Vulture - Cathartes aura: Jaramillo (2003) suggested that the resident tropical subspecies ruficollis and the southern subspecies group (jota and "falklandica") might merit recognition as separate species from the northern Cathartes aura group. Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture – Cathartes burrovianus: Several of this low flying vulture in the Magdalena Valley at Laguna Del Hato road Black Vulture - Coragyps atratus: common King Vulture – Sarcoramphus papa: 1 seen at the Paujil reserve

PANDIONIDAE Western Osprey - Pandion haliaetus: 2 at the dam on the way to the Piha reserve and one on the dam leaving San Vicente. The IOC says: Pandion cristatus of Sulawesi to Australasia, Solomon Is, New Caledonia is split from P. haliaetus (Wink et al. 2004a, Christidis & Boles 2008)

ACCIPITRIDAE White-tailed Kite - Elanus leucurus: one seen at La Florida Park Pearl Kite – Gampsonyx swainsonni – 2 spotted by Jiovani on the wires near the Laguna Del Hato road and one seen next day Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrranus* - heard in two occasion Ornate Hawk-Eagle – Spizaetus ornatus: 1 immature seen at Cerulean reserve Savanna Hawk - Buteogallus meridionalis: fairly common in the Magdalena Valley – seen at Laguna Del Hato road Roadside Hawk - Rupornis magnirostris: Numerous and widespread in small numbers. White-rumped Hawk - Parabuteo leucorrhous – one seen at La M Short-tailed Hawk – Buteo brachyurus: also seen at la M.

RALLIDAE E Bogotá Rail - Rallus semiplumbeus: A handsome endemic. In total 3 seen at La Florida park. The world population is estimated at 1,000 – 2,499 individuals and is decreasing because its range is very small and is contracting owing to widespread habitat loss and degradation. ENDANGERED Grey-cowled Wood-rail - Aramides cajanea: one seen in the way to El Paujil and one more at the Paujil reserve. The old Gray-necked Wood-Rail has ben split two ways – Russet-naped Wood-Rail Aramides

albiventris of Mexico and the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and the one we saw of the Pacific slope of Cosat Riva to Argentina White-throated Crake - Laterallus albigularis: great views of 2 on the way in to RNA El Paujil Russet-crowned Crake – Amaurolimnas viridis: Cool! Seen on the bridge to and from the Piha Reserve 4 in total Common Gallinule – Gallinula galeata: At Parque La Florida. The new world populations are now considered a separate species from the Old World populations Common Moorhen - Gallinula chlorops Spot-flanked Gallinule – Gallinula melanops: a few seen at La Florida Park. The Bogotá plains hold an isolated population a long way from others of this species. American Coot – Fulica Americana: At La Florida Park.

CHARADRIIDAE Southern Lapwing - Vanellus chilensis: Fairly widespread in small numbers.

SCOLOPACIDAE Noble Snipe - Gallinago nobilis – rather conspicuous – 3 seen at La Florida Spotted Sandpiper – Actitis macularia: Solitary Sandpiper – Tringa solitaria: Seen in two different occasion

JACANIDAE Wattled Jacana - Jacana: common on ponds; the very strange looking black hypomelaena subspecies here.

COLUMBIDAE Rock Pigeon – Colomba livia Band-tailed Pigeon - Patagioenas fasciata: Fairly common and widespread with many good views of perched birds. Pale-vented Pigeon - Patagioenas cayennensis: seen in the way out from El Paujil Plumbeous Pigeon – Patagioenas plumbea - Commonly heard and seen at Las Tangaras and Libano. Ruddy Pigeon – Patagioenas subvinacea: Commonly heard and 1 seen at Las Tangaras White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi: Pretty common at many localities. E Tolima Dove – Leptotila conover*: Recently re-discovered and heard by all at Libano. Named after H.B. Conoveri US ornithologist and author. ENDANGERED

Lined Quail-Dove - Geotrygon linearis: This shy Dove was seen at the feeders in the forest at RNA Cerulean Warbler and one more at the Bushbird reserve. Eared Dove - Zenaida auriculata: Common. Common Ground-Dove - Columbina passerine: a few in three different places Ruddy Ground-Dove - Columbina talpacoti: Numerous and widespread in open country.

CUCULIDAE Squirrel Cuckoo - Piaya cayana: 4 encounters during the tour. Greater Ani - Crotophaga major: common at RNA El Paujil Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani: The common Ani of the trip. Groove-billed Ani – Crotophaga sulcirostris. We actually looked and identified some on the Laguna Del Hato road. Striped Cuckoo - Tapera naevia*

STRIGIDAE Tropical Screech Owl – Megascops choliba: seen in three different occasions throughout the trip. RR Colombian Screech Owl – Megascops colombianus. Great views! Even after rain in the early morning at Otun Quimbaya Reserve.



White-throated Screech Owl - Megascops albogularis. One seen well a little bit bellow the Lodge at Rio Blanco Reserve and Heard one more at the Lodge itself. Mottled Owl – Ciccaba virgata: wonderful view of one at Paujil Reserve and heard another one at the Piha Reserve Rufous-banded Owl - Ciccaba albitarsus: a great surprise of one almos at eye level just at the edge of the road bellow the Lodge of Rio Blanco Reserve

NYCTIBIIDAE Common Potoo - Nyctibius griseus: amazing view of one below the Lodge on the road side at Piha Reserve

CAPRIMULGIDAE Lesser Nighthawk – Chordeiles acutipennis: a few seen at Laguna Del Hato road Band-winged Nightjar – Systellura longirostris: 1 seen from the vehicle in our way in to the Reserve at Las Tangaras Reserve Lyre-tailed Nightjar - Uropsalis lyra: a female seen in the early morning in our way in to the Yelloweared Parrot Reserve.

APODIDAE White-collared Swift - Streptoprocne zonaris - several sightings of groups

TROCHILIDAE

White-necked Jacobin - Florisuga mellivora: common at the feeders of Piha, Las Tangaras, and Cerulean Reserve Rufous-breasted Hermit - Glaucis aeneus: seen in two different days at RNA Paujil Band-tailed Barbthroat - Threnetes ruckeri: one seen at Paujil Reserve Stripe-throated Hermit - Phaethornis striigularis: Seen well at Paujil Reserve Pale-bellied Hermit - Phaethornis anthophilus: 2 birds seen in the trails at RNA El Paujil reserve and one more in one of our scouting stops in our way to Bucaramanga Airport Green Hermit - Phaethornis guy: Common at Piha and Cerulean Reserve. Gray-chinned Hermit – Phaethornis griseogularis: 3 at Recurvebill Bushbird Reserve Long-billed Hermit – Phaethornis longirostris: One at RNA Paujil. Brown Violetear - Colibri delphinae: at the feeders of RNA Piha and Cerulean Warbler reserve

Lesser Violetear – Colibri cyanotus: seen at Chingaza, Yellow-eared Parrot and Rio Blanco Reserve. The Central and Middle American form of Green Violetar have been split into Mexican Violetear by the AOU sour form which occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia is now this species Sparkling Violetear – Colibri coruscans: at Chingaza National Park and Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve Black-throated Mango - Anthracothorax nigricollis: daily at the feeders at RNA El Paujil and Cerulean Warbler. Tourmaline Sunangel – Heliangelus exortis: 3+ at Alto de Ventanas and few more at Rio Blanco Speckled Hummingbird -Adelomyia melanogenys: fairly common at various locations. A forest Hummer. E Andean Blossomcrown – Anthoephala berlepschi: 1 male see really well above Libano. Now split from Sierra Nevada Blossomcrown A. floriceps, which is also an endemic. The SACC says: Evidence for marked divergence and reciprocal monophyly in mitochondrial and nuclear loci, in addition to differentiation in climatic niche and morphological diagnosability, implies that each population is a fully diagnosable phylogenetic species. Because the two populations are disjunct and occur in widely separated areas, their status as independently evolving units ("evolutionary" species) is likely to persist over the long term. Reproductive isolation cannot be assessed directly owing to their distributions, but phenotypic differences are marked and arguably comparable to those seen between some good species of hummingbirds, suggesting these are probably best considered separate biological species as well. Therefore, we recommend elevating both subspecies to species rank. VULNERABLE Long-tailed Sylph – Aglaiocercus kingi: 1 seen at Rio Blanco Reserve RR Violet-tailed Sylph – Aglaiocercus coelestes: at least 10 at Las Tangaras Black-tailed Trainbearer – Lesbia victoria: one seen at PN Chingaza. Greek: Lesbia = A woman of Lesbos Rainbow-bearded Thornbill – Chalcostigma herrani: Wow – great looks at the feeders of Termales Del Ruiz Hotel at Los Nevados National Park. Named for General Pedro Alcantara Herran Martinez de Zaldia (1800-1872) Colombian statesman and president of the Republic of New Granada. The Republic of New Granada was a centralist republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Ecuador, and Venezuela. It was created after the dissolution in 1830 of Gran Colombia. RR Bronze-tailed Thornbill – Chalcostigma heteropogon: 2 seen very well at Chingaza NP. E Buffy Helmetcrest – Oxypogon stubelli: only one seen very well at the Los Nevados National Natural Park. VULNERABLE Tyrian Metaltail - Metallura tyrianthina: We saw the reddish-tailed nominate race at La M, but also seen at Los Nevado and Chingaza National Park. Named after the color Tyrian purple. Variously known as Royal purple, Tyrian purple, purple of the ancients, this ancient dyestuff, mentioned in texts dating about 1600 BC, was produced from the mucus of the hypobranchial gland of various species of marine molluscs, notably Murex. Although originating in old port of Tyre in modern day Syria (hence the name),

man's first large scale chemical industry spread throughout the world. With the decline of the Roman Empire, the use of the dye also declined and large-scale production ceased with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It was replaced by other cheaper dyes like lichen purple and madder.

Buffy Helmetcrest peched on Espeletia leaves



Viridian Metaltail - Metalllura williami - 3/4 seen well at the feeders of Termales Del Ruiz Hotel in Los Nevados National Park. Greenish Puffleg – Haplopaedia aureliae: Fairly common at RNA Arrierito and at RNA Las Tangaras. Haplophaedia assimilis (Buff- thighed Puffleg of the Manu Road) was formerly (e.g., Peters 1945, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered a subspecies of H. aureliae, but Schuchmann et al. (2000) provided rationale for treating it as a separate species, representing a return to the classification of Cory (1918). Glowing Puffleg – Eriocnemis vestita: Seen at the feeders of Las Tangaras Reserve RR Golden-breasted Puffleg – Eriocnemis mosquera: On the feeders of Termales Del Ruiz Hotel at Los Nevados National Park. A range restricted species also occurring in Ecuador. Named after Colombian dictator General Tomas Cipriano de Mosquera who ruled in the late 1800’s

RR Black-thighed Puffleg - Eriocnemis derbyi: quiet common at the feeders of Termales Del Ruiz Hotel at Los Nevados National Park. A somewhat nomadic species. Named for English zoologist Edward Smith Stanley Earl of Derby (1775-1851) Shining Sunbeam – Aglaeactis cupripennis: 5+ at the feeders of Los Nevados Del Ruiz at PN Los Nevados Bronzy Inca – Coeligena coeligena: seen at Piha Reserve, Otun Quimbaya and Rio Blanco Reserve RR Brown Inca - Coeligena wilsoni: one seen at Las Tangaras Reserve. E Black Inca - Coeligena prunellei: 4 at the feeders at RNA Cerulean Warbler This species has a larger range and population than previously thought. Nonetheless, its range is still highly fragmented and habitat patches are decreasing in size and quality through ongoing degradation and clearance for agriculture. It is therefore considered Vulnerable. VULNERABLE Collared Inca – Coeligena torquata: the commonest Inca seen in several localities RR Blue-throated Starfrontlet – Coeligena helinthea One at Chingaza NP Mountain Velvetbreast - Lafresnaya lafresnaya: seen at the feeders of Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve and at the feeders of Termales Del Ruiz Hotel at Los Nevados National Park. Named for Noel Frederic Armand Andre Baron de Lafresnaye a French Ornithologist and collector 1783-1861. He has many species named for him. The French were extremely energetic collectors and naturalists during the 19th century or “Natural Philosophers”. Great Sapphirewing – Pterophanes cyanopterus: Common at the Termales Del Ruiz feeders at Los Nevados National Park Buff-winged Starfrontlet - Coeligena lutetiae: At the feeders of Termales Del Ruiz at Los Nevados National Park Sword-billed Hummingbird - Ensifera ensifera: Seen well at Chingaza National Park, Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve and at the feeders at Termales Del Ruiz at Los Nevados National Park Buff-tailed Coronet – Boissoinneaua falvescens: The owner of the feeders at the Rio Blanco reserve and also at the feeders of Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve. RR Velvet-purple Coronet – Boissoinneaua jardini: around 6 at the feeders at Las Tangaras White-booted Racket-tail - Ocreatus underwoodii: at RNA Arrierito, Las Tangaras and RNA Cerulean Warbler A new paper in Zootaxa 4200 (1): 083–108 by KARL-L. SCHUCHMANN1, ANDRÉ-A. WELLER1 & DIETMAR JÜRGENS, suggests that the Booted Raquet-tail is in fact 4 species. The “Racquet-tailed Puffleg was unknown in life but specimens existed in various London cabinets, whence a drawing was sent to Lesson (1832) by Mr. Underwood on behalf of Charles Stokes a London stockbroker and collector. If correct this article would provide Bolivia with an endemic species and gives Peru 2 species -one an endemic! Here is a resume by the authors . Our taxonomic analyses show that the divergence in independent diagnosable morphological characters and in behavioral traits sufficiently meets the criteria set by Helbig et al.

(2002) for assigning species rank to four populations: O. underwoodii (including polystictus, discifer, underwoodii, incommodus, melanantherus), White-booted Racket-tail :RANGE VENEZUELA TO ECUADOR O. peruanus, Peruvian Racket-tail RANGE - SE ECUADOR TO HUANUCO PERU. O. addae, Adda’s Racket-tail LA PAZ TO SANTA CRUZ BOLIVIA O. annae. Anna’s Racket-tail RANGE: PASCO TO CUSCO

Purple-bibbed Whitetip - Urosticte benjamini: one seen at the feeders at Las Tangaras Fawn-breasted Brilliant – Heliodoxa rubinoides: seen at Las Tangaras and Rio Blanco Reserve Empress Brilliant – Helidoxia imperiatrix: At Least 4 at the Las Tangaras feeders. Named for Empress Eugenie wife of Napoleon III. Green-crowned Brilliant - Heliodoxa jacula: Common at the feeders at RNA Arrierito and Cerulean Warbler Long-billed Starthroat - Heliomaster longirostris: good views at Piha Reserve

White-bellied Woodstar – Chaetocercus mulsant: seen at Chingaza and Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve. Named after yet another French zoologist and collector. RR Gorgeted Woodstar - Chaetocercus heliodor: One at Chingaza and Las Tangaras Reserve RR Purple-throated Woodstar - Calliphlox mitchelli: seen at Piha, Las Tangaras and at la M E Red-billed Emerald - Chlorostilbon gibsoni: A few were at the feeders at Piha Reserve and at La M. Species limits in the mellisugus group of taxa in Chlorostilbon are complex. At one extreme, Zimmer (1950d) and Schuchmann (1999) considered them all conspecific, including the canivetii group of Middle America. Chlorostilbon gibsoni (including nitens) was usually (e.g., Cory 1918, Peters 1945, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered a separate species ("Red-billed Emerald") from C. mellisugus, as was C. canivetii. Stiles (1996a) proposed that C. mellisugus should be treated as at least three separate species within South America: melanorhynchus (of western Colombia and Ecuador), gibsoni (northern and central Colombia, NW Venezuela), and mellisugus (rest of South America); this represents a partial return to the classification of Cory (1918) and was followed by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001). Together, these taxa would form super-species with recently described olivaresi. Sibley & Monroe (1990) considered C. mellisugus to form superspecies with Middle American Chlorostilbon species but not with C. gibsoni, because the two were thought to be sympatric [are they? breeding?] in the Magdalena Valley, Colombia. SACC proposal passed to follow species limits proposed by Stiles (1996). So the ones you see in the Amazon are Blue-tailed Emeralds and the ones on the west slope of the Andes in Colombia and Ecuador are Western Emeralds RR Short-tailed Emerald - Chlorostilbon poortmani: 2 seen at Recurvebill Bushbird Reserve Lazuline Sabrewing - Campylopterus falcatus: nice views of a male at the feeders of Jiovani’s mother’s house at Mundo Nuevo in Chingaza National Park White-vented Plumeleteer - Chalybura buffonii: Common at RNA Paujil. Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (7 September 1707 – 16 April 1788) was a French naturalist, mathematician, cosmologist, and encyclopedic author. His works influenced the next two generations of naturalists, including JeanBaptiste Lamarck and Georges Cuvier. Buffon published thirty-six quarto volumes of his Histoire Naturelle during his lifetime; with additional volumes based on his notes and further research being published in the two decades following his death. It has been said that "Truly, Buffon was the father of all thought in natural history in the second half of the 18th century". Buffon held the position of intendant (director) at the Jardin du Roi, now called the Jardin des Plantes; it is the French equivalent of Kew Gardens in London. Crowned Woodnymph – Thalurania colombica: Common throughout the tour. The SACC says: Thalurania colombica and T. fannyae were formerly (e.g., Peters 1945, Zimmer 1950d, Phelps & Phelps 1958a, Meyer de Schauensee 1966, 1970) considered conspecific with T. furcata, but Escalante-Pliego & Peterson (1992) showed that the three taxa are essentially parapatric with no signs of gene flow; they constitute a superspecies (Sibley & Monroe 1990). They had been treated as separate species from T. furcata by Cory (1918) and AOU (1983, 1998). Donegan (2012a), however, found new evidence for gene flow between these populations. SACC proposal passed to treat fannyae and colombica as conspecific. McGuire et al. (2014) found that fannyae and colombica were genetically indistinguishable. Del Hoyo & Collar (2014) followed this treatment and called the composite species Crowned Woodnymph.

Rufous-tailed Hummingbird - Amazilia tzacatl: Commonly seen in small numbers throughout the tour. E Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird – Amazilia castaneiventris: One individual visiting the higher feeders at the Cerulean Warbler Reserve. This species is classified as Endangered because it has a very restricted range which is severely fragmented, and in which continuing declines in habitat quality are likely. ENDANGERED Andean Emerald – Agyrtria franciae. Common at the feeders at RNA Arrierito and Cerulean Warbler. Named for Francia Bourcier daughter of the French consul to Ecuador 1849-1850. Blue-chested Hummingbird - Amazilia amabilis: Common at RNA El Paujil Steely-vented Hummingbird – Saucerottia saucerottei. Common at feeders at the Piha reserve. E Indigo-capped Hummingbird - Amazilia cyanifrons: seen daily at the feeders at RNA Cerulean Warbler.

Indigo-capped Hummingbird – Phil Yates RR Shining-green Hummingbird - Lepidopyga goudoti: A tricky bird to identify but we got good views at the feeders at RNA Paujil. Named for Justin-Marie Goudot – French zoologist working in Colombia 18221843

TROGONIDAE Golden –headed Quetzal – Pharomachrus auriceps: One seen at Rio Blanco Reserve White-tailed Trogon - Trogon chionurus: Good views at RNA El Paujil. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered the subspecies chionurus of the Chocó region to be a separate species from Trogon viridis; followed by Hilty (2003); Genetic data (DaCosta & Klicka 2008) suggest that chionurus is more closely related to T. bairdii than either are to Amazonian T. viridis. SACC proposal passed to recognize chionurus as a species so the Amazonian form becomes Green-backed Trogon Gartered Trogon – Trogon chionurus: Great looks at RNA Paujil. Genetic data (DaCosta & Klicka 2008) suggest that chionurus is more closely related to T. bairdii than either are to Amazonian T. viridis. SACC proposal passed to recognize chionurus as a species. Sibley & Monroe (1990) considered Trogon viridis to form a superspecies with Central American T. bairdii, and suggested that they might be conspecific. Collared Trogon - Trogon collaris: Great looks at Piha Reserve and Otun Quimbaya. Masked Trogon - Trogon personatus: A highland version of the former – we saw 2 at Rio Blanco and Cerulean Reserve Black-tailed Trogon - Trogon melanurus: One seen at RNA Paujil

MOMOTIDAE Broad-billed Motmot - Electron platyrhynchum: Nice looks at RNA Paujil

Rufous Motmot - Baryphthengus martii*: Heard at RNA Paujil Andean Motmot - Momotus aequatorialis: Conspicuous at Otun Quimbaya and RNA Arrierito and also at Rio Blanco and at El Libano Whooping Motmot - Momotus subrufescens: This one was seen at lower elevations in the Magdalena Valley at Laguna Del Hato road, noticeably lacking the blue “teardrop” Distributions of the forms of the “Momotus momota” complex treated in this study: From northwest to southeast, LE = lessonii; CO = conexus; RE = reconditus; SU = subrufescens; OL = olivaresi; SP = spatha; OS = osgoodi; BA = bahamensis; AQ = aequatorialis; AR = argenticinctus; MI = microstephanus; MO = momota. Note the high degree of geographical replacement among taxa; only conexus, reconditus and subrufescens overlap appreciably (and olivaresi is indistinguishable from subrufescens).

A recent paper (see map above) defines 6 recognized species of the old “Blue-crowned Motmot” complex one is not treated in the mentioned paper and map) Momotus coeruliceps Blue-crowned Motmot – NE and Central Mexico Momotus lessoni Blue-diademed Motmot – South Mexico to Central Panama Momotus subrufescens Whooping Motmot - E Panama to NC Venezuela and the Magdalena Valley of Colombia; SE Ecuador and extreme NW Peru. Momotus bahamensis Trinidad Motmot – Trindad & Tobago Momotus momota Amazonian Motmot - Venezuela (S of the Orinoco) and the Guianas S through the

entire Amazon basin to extreme N Argentina and Paraguay. Momotus aequatorialis Andean Motmot – The Andes from NC Colombia to NE Bolivia.





BUCCONIDAE Pied Puffbird - Notharchus tectus: 2 seen at “como ratón village” in our way out from RNA Paujil Barred Puffbird - Nystalus radiatus: 2 seen really well at RNA Paujil Russet-throated Puffbird - Hypnelus ruficollis: one seen at Laguna Del Hato road Moustached Puffbird – Malocoptila myesticalis: Great looks of two at the Bushbird Reserve

CAPITONIDAE E White-mantled Barbet Capito hypoleucus: Excellent looks of 4 as we left the Piha Reserve. A so-called Nechí endemic, confined to the humid forests of the middle Magdalena Valley. The Nechí is actually a tributary of the Cauca River, its drainage being on the east side of the top end of the Central Andes. Classified as Endangered by BirdLife International, the world population is estimated at 2,500 – 9,999 individuals and is decreasing. This species has a very small and severely fragmented range. Habitat loss is occurring rapidly in some parts of its range, and the population is likely to be declining. VULNERABLE Red-headed Barbet – Eubucco bourcierii: seen in two days at Piha Reserve and also at RNA Las Tangaras

SEMINORTITHIDAE RR Toucan Barbet - Semnornis ramphastinus Good views of 2 at Las Tangara



Black-billed Mountain-Toucan



RAMPHASTIDAE Black-mandibled Toucan - Ramphastos ambiguous swainsonii: 1 at RNA El Paujil. The subspecies swainsoni was once split as Chestnut – mandibled Toucan but not anymore. Keep an eye on it. RR Citron-throated (Channel-billed) Toucan – Ramphastos (vitilinus) citrolaemus: Seen at RNA Paujil in three consecutive days. The IOC splits Ramphastos citreolaemus from R. vitellinus (Hilty 2003); SACC does not (hybrid zones). E Grey-throated (Andean) Toucanet - Aulacorhynchus griseogularis: Seen at Rio Blanco Reserve– griseogularis (The Grey-throated Toucanet) Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) suggested that Aulacorhynchus prasinus may consist of more than one species-level taxon, but see Short & Horne (2001), who pointed out that the allopatric taxa are no more distinctive than those known to intergrade. The subspecies lautus, albivitta, cyanolaemus, dimidiatus, and atrogularis, as well as Middle American wagleri and caeruleogularis, were formerly (e.g., Ridgway 1914, Cory 1919) each considered separate species from (and in some cases not particularly closely related to) Aulacorhynchus prasinus, but Peters (1948) and Haffer (1974) treated them all as conspecific. Puebla-Olivares et al. (2008) identified three clades in South America based on mtDNA and proposed species rank for each. The IOC presents Grey-throated and White–throated as splits, citing, Puebla-Olivares et al. 2008 and the former becomes a Colombian endemic. IOC splits, SACC does not as yet and is awaiting a proposal.

Crimson-rumped Toucanet - Aulacorhynchus haematopygus: seen 1 at Piha Reserve and 2 at Las Tangaras Black- billed Mountain-Toucan – Andigena nigrirostris: 2 at Chingaza National Park and one more at Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve Collared Araçari - Pteroglossus torquatus: seen in our drive out from RNA El Paujil and also at 3 more at La Victoria

PICIDAE Olivaceous Piculet - Picumnus olivaceus: One at RNA Paujil Acorn Woodpecker - Melanerpes formicivorus: 1 seen. A species heavily associated with Oak forest (Quercus), which only extends as far south as Colombia in South America, hence, so does the Woodpecker! Acorn Woodpecker - Melanerpes formicivorus: One seen really well at the lunch stop in our travel day from Piha to Las Tangaras Reserve. E Beautiful Woodpecker - Melanerpes pulcher – 1 seen really well from the feeders at RNA Paujil. A Colombian endemic. The SACC says “The Colombian taxon pulcher was considered a separate species from Central American Melanerpes chrysauchen by Cory (1919), Eisenmann (1955), and Stiles & Skutch (1989); however, Peters (1948) treated them as conspecific, and that treatment has been followed by most subsequent authors (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1979, Short 1982, Hilty & Brown 1986, Winkler et al. 1995, AOU 1998, Winkler & Christie 2002, Dickinson 2003). Wetmore (1968) provided rationale for treating pulcher as a separate species, as noted by Meyer de Schauensee. Red-crowned Woodpecker – Melanerpes rubricapillus: Common and conspicuous. Smoky-brown Woodpecker – Venilornis fumigatus: One seen at Cerulean Reserve. Bar-bellied Woodpecker – Veniliornis nigriceps: One seen at Rio Blanco Reserve Golden-olive Woodpecker - Colaptes rubiginosus: seen at Las Tangaras and Otun Quimbaya Reserve Crimson-mantled Woodpecker – Colaptes rivolii. Seen on two occasions well – at Chingaza and Rio Blanco reserve. Yet another Frenchman! Named for the impressive sounding Francois Victor Massena Prince d’Essling and Duc de Rivoli (1795-1863). An ornitholigist and collector. Spot-breasted Woodpecker – Colpates puntigula: Two in our travel day from Paujil reserve to Cerulean Reserve. Cinnamon Woodpecker – Celeus loricatus: Great looks at one at RNA Paujil. Lineated Woodpecker - Dryocopus lineatus: one in our way to Paujil near the Reserve

Powerful Woodpecker – Campephilus pollens: One seen at “la M” From the Latin Pollare – “to be strong” Crimson-crested Woodpecker - Campephilus melanoleucos: At RNA Paujil

FALCONIDAE Laughing Falcon - Herpetotheres cachinnans: one seen in our travel day from La Victoria to Paujil Crested Caracara - Caracara cheriway: Formerly placed in the genus Polyborus but this species has been switched to the genus Caracara. Note also that the former species known as Crested Caracara, has been split into three species with those ranging north of north-west Peru and the Amazon River (i.e. Colombia) and as far as the USA, according to the IOC, retain the name Northern Crested Caracara C. cheriway, the birds from Southern Peru to the tip of South America, Tierra del Fuego, are referable to the species Caracara plancus Southern Caracara, while another form, the extinct Guadalupe Caracara C. lutosus, of Guadalupe Island, Mexico, has also been given its untimely species status. Red-throated Caracara - Ibycter americanus: seen at RNA Paujil Yellow-headed Caracara - Milvago chimachima: Another widespread open country raptor that was seen regularly in small numbers. American Kestrel - Falco sparverius: Scattered sightings.

PSITTACIDAE E Rufous-fronted Parakeet – Bolborhynchus ferrigineifrons: Well we went to a stake out where surpringly we saw 2 roosting and 50+ more seen nearby. An extremely hard to find species and endemic. VULNERABLE Orange-chinned Parakeet - Brotogeris jugularis: common – and we found a roosting spot (with hundreds of them) in our travel day to Ocaña from Cerulean E Saffron-headed Parrot - Pyrilla pyrilia: Very good surprise of 3 individuals seen really well “scope views” from the feeders at RNA Paujil Blue-headed Parrot - Pionus menstruus: A few at La Victoria and also at El Paujil Reserve Speckle-faced Parrot – Pionus tumultuosus: seen at Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve Yellow-crowned Amazon - Amazona ochrocephala: seen in the way in and out from RNA El Paujil Orange-winged Amazon - Amazona amazonica: two seen in our way out from the RNA El Paujil Mealy Amazon – Amazona farinosa: seen at RNA Paujil Chestnut-fronted Macaw - Ara severus: Seen daily at RNA El Paujil

E Yellow-eared Parrot – Ognorhynchus icterotis: At Alto Las Ventanas we saw up to 62. Historically known from Ecuador it now seems to be extirpated there so is a de facto Colombian endemic. This species is classified as Endangered because the known population of mature individuals is extremely small; however, intensive conservation action has stabilised its current range and resulted in a population increase. If the number of mature individuals continues to increase the species may be downlisted in the future. ENDANGERED. RR Spectacled Parrotlet – Forpus conpicillatus. Almost a Colombian endemic. Seen on a few occasions.

THAMNOPHILIDAE Rufous-rumped Antwren - Euchrepomis callinota: Seen at Las Tangaras and 2 more at Cerulean Reserve Great Antshrike- Taraba major*: Heard above San Vicente Black- crested Antshrike – Sakesphorus canadiensis: A pair on the exit from RNA Paujil. Sakephorus is Greek meaning “Shield-bearing” referring to the black shield like breast patches of this genus. Barred Antshrike - Thamnophilus doliatus: Seen at Laguna Del Hato road and also above San Lorenzo RR Bar-crested Antshrike Thamnophilus multistriatus: Great views of 1 in our travel day from Piha Reserve to Las Tangaras and 2 above Libano. A near-endemic, generally replacing the Barred Antshrike, at higher elevations. Outside Colombia it’s only known from the Venezuelan side of the Sierra de Perijá, so it’s a de facto endemic. RR Black Antshrike - Thamnophilus nigriceps: Wow great views of a pair at RNA El Paujil. Uniform Antshrike Thamnophilus unicolor. The subspecies in Colombia is grandior. Good looks at Las Tangaras Reserve and 4 more at Cerulean Reserve. Black-capped (Western Slaty)-Antshrike Thamnophilus atrinucha: A pair seen on the exit from RNA Piha and 2 more near Bolombolo and one more female at La Victoria. RR Recurve-billed Bushbird - Clytoctantes alixii*: Only heard briefly at RNA Recurve-billed Bushbird, near Ocaña. ENDANGERED Plain Antvireo – Dysithamnus mentalis: seen at Cerulean Reserve and one more at Bushbird Reserve. Checker-throated Antwren - Epinecrophylla fulviventris: A pair seen at RNA Paujil Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor: A pair seen at Cerulean Reserve. Rufous-winged Antwren - Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus: Seen at Cerulean Reserve Northern White-fringed Antwren - Formicivora grisea intermedia: 2 seen at Laguna Del Hato road. Ridgely & Tudor (1994) and Zimmer & Isler (2003) suggested that Formicivora grisea may consist of more than one species. Hilty (2003) described major vocal differences between intermedia and grisea in Venezuela and treated them as separate species.

Streak-headed Antbird – Drymophila striaticeps*: Heard at Rio Blanco Reserve. Isler et al. (2012) proposed that the broadly defined Drymophila caudata consists of four species: (1) klagesi, with aristeguietana; (2) hellmayri; (3) nominate caudata; and (4) striaticeps, with occidentalis, peruviana, and boliviana.

Distribution of the Drymophila caudata complex. Symbols represent records of occurrence of the four species we define: circles = D. Klagesi (Klage’s Antbird) crosses = D. Hellmayri (Santa Marta Antbird), squares = D.caudata (East Andean Antbird), triangles = D. striaticeps (Streak-headed Antbird), RR Klage’s Antbird – Drymophila klagesi: Very good views of two at Bushbird Reserve – one of the last birds of the trip E Parker’s Antbird - Cercomacra parkeri: Recently described: Graves (1997). Good looks of 2 at the Piha Reserve. One of the birds named for our neo-tropical birding pioneer, Ted Parker. Theodore A parker lll (1953-1993) US Field Ornithologist with unparalleled knowledge of Neotropical Birds was tragically killed in a plane crash in Ecuador. Jet Antbird – Cercomacra nigricans: 1 seen along the Laguna Del Hato road Bare-crowned Antbird - Gymnocichla nudiceps: Excellent views of a pair at RNA El Paujil. Stunner!

Chestnut-backed Antbird - Myrmeciza exsul: 4 in total seen at RNA El Paujil and commonly heard White-bellied Antbird – Myrmeciza longipes: 2 seen exceptionally well along the Laguna del Hato Road E Magdalena Antbird - Myrmeciza palliata: 1 seen very well on our exit from Piha Reserve. Formerly treated as a subspecies of M. laemosticta –Dull-mantled Antbird, but Chaves et al. (2010) presented evidence that palliata should be ranked as a separate species.

Magdalena Antbird –Fabrice Schmitt Blue-lored Antbird - Mymeciza immaculata: seen in two consecutive days at RNA Paujil Bicolored Antbird – Gymnopithys bicolor: 2 seen at RNA Paujil at a small ant swarm near the Lodge. Willis (1967) suggested that trans-Andean bicolor subspecies group deserved separate species, and this was followed by Wetmore (1972), Hilty & Brown (1986), and Sibley & Monroe (1990), returning to the species limits of Cory & Hellmayr (1924). Genetic data (Brumfield et al. 2007) indicate that leucaspis (White-cheeked Antbird) east of the Andes is actually the sister to G. rufigula, not to bicolor. SACC proposal passed to treat bicolor as separate species.

GRALLARIDAE Undulated Antpitta – Grallaria squamigera*: At Alto las Ventanas (Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve)

Chestnut-crowned Antpitta - Grallaria ruficapilla: Photographed at the worm feeder at Rio Blanco RR Moustached Antpitta – Grallaria alleni*: Heard at Otun Quimbaya. VULNERABLE E Bicolored Antpitta – Grallaria rufocinerea: Great looks at this endemic at Rio Blanco VULNERABLE

Bicolored Antpitta – Silverio Duri Chestnut-naped Antpitta – Grallaria nuchalis: Great views of 1 individual at the worm feeders at Rio Blanco Reserve White-bellied Antpitta - Grallaria hypoleuca: Seen briefly by some at RNA Cerulean Warbler Yellow-breasted Antpitta – Grallaria flavotincta*: Heard only at Las Tangaras. Rufous Antpitta – Grallaria rufula rufula: One of an undescribed form seen at Chingaza and one more at Alto Las Ventanas. Keep track of where you see your Rufous Antpittas – they will be split. Tawny Antpitta – Grallaria quitensis: 2 at Los Nevados National Park, very tame and great looks. Named for the city of Quito, which in turn is named for the Quitu Indians. E Brown-banded Antpitta – Grallaria milleri: 1 came to the worm feeders at Rio Blanco – fantastic! VULNERABLE



Brown-banded Antpitta – Silverio Duri

Slate-crowned Antpitta – Silverio Duri



RR Hooded Antpitta - Grallaricula cucullata: On La Suiza road at Otun Quimbaya Reserve – (one of the suggested sites for special birds of our great driver Jiovani). VULNERABLE

RHINOCRYPTIDAE Ocellated Tapaculo – Acropternis orthonyx: we had great scope views of one bird singing at Alto Las Ventanas (Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve). What a bird! Ash-colored Tapaculo - Myornis senilis: After a hard work we finally got good views of 1 at Rio Blanco Reserve Blackish Tapaculo – Scytalopus latrans latrans: Also seen at Rio Blanco. White-crowned Tapaculo – Scytalopus atratus nigricans*: Heard above Libano E Magdalena Tapaculo - Scytalopus rodriguezi: Well it took us lot of tries and we saw briefly 1 individual this recently described endemic at RNA Cerulean. Named for Jose Vicente Rodriguez Colombian ornithologist, conservationist and collector who died in 2005. ENDANGERED E Stile’s Tapaculo – Scytalopus stilesi: one of the “hard to see group” but we saw one really well (2 in total) at La Suiza road at Otun Quimbaya Reserve and heard at Piha Reserve. Named for Dr. Gary Stiles US ornithologist still doing research in Colombia Spillman’s Tapaculo – Scytalopus spillmani: One of the more tricky Tapaculo to see but we managed to see one at Alto Las Ventanas. E Pale-bellied Tapaculo – Scytalopus griseicollis. One seen well at Chingaza. Paramo Tapaculo - Scytalopus opacus: 2 seen very well at Los Nevados National Park. This species has been recently split into Paramo and Paramillo (S. canus) Tapaculos with the latter becoming a Colombian endemic restricted to the Western Cordillera in the north. RR Narino Tapaculo – Scytalopus vicinior: Two seen well at Las Tangaras E “Alto Pisones” Tapaculo – Scytalopus Sp. Nov: Good looks of this yet to be described Tapaculo at Las Tangaras

FURNARIIDAE Andean Leaftosser - Sclerurus andinus: One seen at Piha Reserve Olivaceous Woodcreeper - Sittasomus griseicapillus enochrus: Seen at Piha and Cerulean Reserve. Certainly consists of multiple species (Hardy et al. 1991, Ridgely & Tudor 1994, Parker et al. 1995, Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, Hilty 2003), with at least five subspecies groups possibly deserving separate species status (Marantz et al. 2003). The subspecies viridis and amazonus are elevational replacements in southern Peru with different song types (Robbins et al. 2013). Tyrannine Woodcreeper - Dendrocincla tyrannina: 1 seen at Rio Blanco

Plain-brown Woodcreeper - Dendrocincla fuliginosa: Three seen at RNA El Paujil. Strong-billed Woodcreeper - Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus: 1 at Otun Quimbaya and another one at the Cerulean Warbler Reserve Northern Barred Woodcreeper – Dendrocolaptes sanctithomae: 1 seen at the Paujil reserve Straight –billed Woodcreeper – Dendroplex picus: Seen on our exit from RNA Paujil. Xiphorhynchus picus and X. kienerii (Zimmer’s Woodcreeper) were formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1925, Zimmer 1934c, Pinto 1937, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) treated in a separate genus, Dendroplex, but this was merged into Xiphorhynchus by Peters (1951). Wetmore (1972), however, maintained Dendroplex as a separate genus based not only on bill shape but also on (unstated) cranial characters. Aleixo et al. (2007) summarized rationale for validity of Dendroplex and for its usage for these two species. SACC proposal passed to resurrect Dendroplex for these two species. Cocoa Woodcreeper – Xiphorynchus susurrans: One at RNA Paujil. The SACC says -The relationships among taxa included in Xiphorhynchus susurrans and X. guttatus (Buff-throated Woodcreeper) are complex and need much additional work. Xiphorhynchus susurrans was formerly (e.g., Zimmer 1934d, Phelps & Phelps 1950a, Peters 1951, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered conspecific with X. guttatus, but Willis (1983) provided evidence that it should be treated as a separate species; this treatment was followed by Ridgely & Tudor (1994) and AOU (1998); they constitute a superspecies. Xiphorhynchus susurrans had previously been treated as a species by Cory & Hellmayr (1925), who also treated the subspecies polystictus (= sororius) as a separate species; this was considered conspecific with X. guttatus by Zimmer (1934d) and Peters (1951). However, Aleixo (2002) found that treating X. susurrans at the species level makes Xiphorhynchus guttatus paraphyletic with respect to Amazonian guttatoides group (Lafraneye’s Woodcreeper) of western and southwestern Amazonia (guttatoides, dorbignyianus, eytoni, and vicinalis) and eastern Amazonian guttatus group (guttatus, polystictus, and provisionally connectens). Marantz et al. (2003) also emphasized that the current assignment of subspecies to either X. susurrans or X. guttatus does not correspond to the boundaries in vocalizations. Furthermore, the eytoni subspecies group was formerly (e.g., Todd 1948, Meyer de Schauensee 1966, 1970) considered a separate species ("Dusky-billed Woodcreeper") from X. guttatus; here it is treated as subspecies of guttatus following Cory & Hellmayr (1925), Zimmer (1934d), Pinto (1937), Peters (1951), and Ridgely & Tudor (1994), but Marantz et al. (2003) noted that this group differed in vocalizations from other taxa included in X. guttatus. Restall (2007) gives this taxon full species rank as does the IOC. Olive-backed Woodcreeper – Xiphorynchus triangularis: 5 at the Tangaras and Cerulean Warbler Reserve Brown-billed Scythebill – Campylorhamphus pusillus*: Heard at the Cerulean Warbler Reserve Streak-headed Woodcreeper – Lepidocolaptes souleyetii: Several individuals seen throughout the trip in drier habitat Montane Woodcreeper – Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger: Seen at Otun Quimbaya and Rio Blanco Streaked Xenops - Xenops rutilans: The form found in the Central and Western Andes is heterurus. We saw 2

Plain Xenops - Xenops minutus: Seen at Piha Reserve and RNA Paujil Streaked Tuftedcheek – Pseudocolpates boissonneautii: Seen at Piha, Otun Quimbaya and Cerulean Reserve. Superb furnarids. RR Buffy Tuftedcheek – Pseudocolpates lawrenci: 1 of this Choco endemic at Las Tangaras and another one at Rio Blanco. Named for George Newbold Lawrence, US businessman collector and naturalist. Caribbean Hornero – Furnarius longirostris – On the exit from RNA Paujil. The IOC says Furnarius longirostris is split from F. leucopus (Pale-legged Hornero) (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001; Hilty 2003); SACC needs analysis.



Stout-billed Cinclodes – Cinclodes excelsior: One seen at Los Nevados National Park. The SACC says Cinclodes aricomae (Royal Cinclodes) is often considered conspecific with C. excelsior (e.g., Peters 1951, Meyer de Schauensee 1970), and evidence for treating them as separate species (e.g., Fjeldså & Krabbe 1990, Remsen 2003) is weak. Proposal needed. Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner - Philydor rufum: Seen at Piha, Las Tangaras and Cerulean Warbler Reserve Montane Foliage-gleaner - Anabacerthia striaticollis: Seen at Otun Quimbaya and Cerulean Warbler Reserve. RR Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner – Anabacerthia variegaticeps: One at Las Tangaras Lineated Foliage-gleaner – Syndactyla subalaris*: Heard at Las Tangaras RR Uniform Treehunter – Thripadectes ignobilis: 2 seen really well along the trail at Las Tangaras. Spotted Barbtail - Premnoplex brunnescens: Seen at Las Tangaras. RR Fulvous-dotted Treerunner - Margarornis stellatus: One at Las Tangaras Pearled Treerunner – Margarornis squamiger: Common component of mixed Cloud Forest flocks Andean Tit-spinetail - Leptasthenura andicola: We saw 2 of the nominate andicola race at Los Nevados White-chinned Thistletail – Asthenes fuliginosa: Seen really well at Chingaza and Los Nevados. Ash-browed Spinetail – Cranioleuca curtata: One seen at Cerulean Reserve VULNERABLE Red-faced Spinetail – Cranioleuca erythrops: At Piha Reserve and Las Tangaras Yellow-chinned Spinetail - Certhiaxis cinnamomea: A few seen well in the exit from El Paujil Azara’s Spinetail - Synallaxis azarae: Fairly commonly heard and one seen. Pip-Squeak!! Pale-breasted Spinetail - Synallaxis albescens: Seen well on the exit from RNA Paujil

Rufous Spinetail – Synallaxis unirufa: good views at La M. Slaty Spinetail – Synallaxis brechyura: 2 seen well above Libano Stripe-breasted Spinetail - Synallaxis cinammomea: 2 at the RNA Recurvebill Bushbird.

TYRANNIDAE Sooty-headed Tyrannulet - Phyllomyias griseiceps: 2 seen well in our exit from Piha Reserve and also at La Victoria and heard at RNA Paujil Black-capped Tyrannulet - Phyllomyias nigrocapillus: 2 seen at Chingaza National Park. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet - Tyrannulus elatus: commonly heard and 1 seen at Paujil “free beer” Yellow-bellied Elaenia - Elaenia flavogaster: Common in open country Southern Beardless-tyrannulet - Camptostoma obsoletum: Seen on our exit from RNA Paujil. White-throated Tyrannulet - Mecocerculus leucophrys: We saw this species at Chingaza and Alto Las Ventanas and Los Nevados National Park White-banded Tyrannulet - Mecocerculus sticopterus: Also seen at Chingaza, Alto Las Ventanas and Los Nevados National Park Torrent Tyrannulet - Serpophaga cinérea: Seen at the creek at the end of La Suiza road at Otun Quimbaya Yellow Tyrannulet - Capsiempis flaveola: 2 at El Paujil Golden-faced Tyrannulet - Zimmerius chrysops: Seen at various localities. Variation in Golden-faced Tyrannulet subspecies is reasonably extensive and more than one species may be involved. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered the subspecies flavidifrons of southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru to represent a separate species from Zimmerius chrysops based on differences in voice. RR Choco Tyrannulet – Zimmerius albigularis. These were the ones seen at las Tangaras. A split from the above species recognised by the IOC and SACC. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001), Krabbe & Nielsson (2003), and Fitzpatrick (2004) also noted that the taxon albigularis from w. Ecuador and sw. Colombia might be a species distinct from Zimmerius chrysops. Rheindt et al. (2008b) found that albigularis is actually the sister taxon to Zimmerius vilissimus. SACC proposal passed to elevate albigularis to species rank. Variagated Bristle-Tyrant – Phylloscartes poecilotis: Seen at Las Tangaras, Otun Quimbaya and Rio Blanco Reserve

Marble-faced Bristle-Tyrant – Phylloscartes opthamicus: Seen at Las Tangaras and Otun Quimbaya. SACC keeps bristle tyrants in Phylloscartes but needs proposal to update to Pogonotriccus (Fitzpatrick 2004) IOC uses Pogonotriccus. E Antioquia Bristle-Tyrant – Phylloscartes lanyoni: One at RNA Paujil, which responded to playback. ENDANGERED Streak-necked Flycatcher – Mionectes striaticollis: At Las Tangaras and Otun Quimbaya Reserve Olive-striped Flycatcher – Mionectes olivcaeous: At Cerulean Reserve and at Bushbird Reserve Ochre-bellied Flycatcher - Mionectes oleaginea: Seen at La Victoria and at RNA El Paujil Sepia-capped Flycatcher - Leptopogon amaurocephalus: Fairly common at El Paujil RR Rufous-breasted Flycatcher - Leptopogon rufipectus: 4 seen well at Otun Quimbaya Ornate Flycatcher – Myiotriccus ornatus: 2 seen at RNA Arrierito, also seen at Las Tangaras, and a few more at Cerulean Warbler reserve. Southern Bentbill - Oncostoma olivaceum: excellent views in two consecutive days at El Paujil. Scale-crested Pygmy-tyrant - Lophotriccus pileatus: A few seen throughout Rufous-headed Pygmy-tyrant - Pseudotriccus ruficeps: Two seen at Alto de Ventanas – a stunning bird! Rufous-crowned Tody-tyrant – Pseudotriccus ruficeps: Such a cool bird 2 seen at Rio Blanco Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher - Poecilotriccus sylvia: excellent view one at RNA El Paujil and also above San Vicente. Latin – Sylvia = woodland sprite. Common Tody-Flycatcher - Todirostrum cinereum: Small numbers seen at various locations. Olivaceous Flatbill - Rhynchocyclus olivaceus: One seen at Paujil reserve Yellow-olive Tolmomyias - Tolmomyias sulphurescens: seen on the Laguna Del Hato road Handsome Flycatcher – Myiophobus pulcher: Seen at Las Tangaras Bran-colored Flycatcher – Myiophobus fasciatus: Two above the Lodge at Cerulean Reserve Cinnamon Flycatcher - Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea: Regularly encountered in the Andes (pyrrhoptera). RR Black-billed Flycatcher - Aphanotriccus audax: Seen in two consecutive days at El Paujil. NEAR THREATENED Smoke-colored Pewee - Contopus fumigates: 1 at Rio Blanco Reserve

Eastern Wood Pewee – Contopus virens: One above San Vicente Black Phoebe - Sayornis nigricans: A bird of streams and rivers that was seen only twice. Vermilion Flycatcher - Pyrocephalus rubinus: Small numbers seen at a number of sites. A stunning bird. Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant - Myiotheretes striaticollis: great views at Alto Las Ventanas (Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve) and also at Chingaza previosly Smoky Bush-Tyrant - Myiotheretes fumigatus: One seen at La M. Pied Water-Tyrant - Fluvicola pica: A few on the way out from El Paujil

Pied Water-Tyrant White-headed Marsh-tyrant - Arundinicola leucocephala: 4 in total – seen in the way in and out to El Paujil Crowned Chat-Tyrant – Ochthoeca frontalis: One at Los Nevados National Park – nice! Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant - Ochthoeca diadema: One seen at Rio Blanco Reserve Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant – Ochthoeca rufipectoralis: Seen at Chingaza NP and 2 more at Alto Las Ventanas (Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve). Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant – Ochthoeca fumicolor: Seen at Los Nevados and Chingaza National Parks.

Cattle Tyrant - Machetornis rixosa: Just the one seen at Laguna Del Hato road Piratic Flycatcher - Legatus leucophaius: One seen at La Victoria Rusty-margined Flycatcher - Myiozetetes cayanensis: Numerous and widespread at lower elevations. Social Flycatcher - Myiozetetes similis: Great Kiskadee - Pitangus sulphuratus: A widespread bird of open areas. Lesser Kiskadee – Pitangus lector: Uncommon near water – seen at Laguna Del Hato road Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher - Myiodynastes lutriventris: Seen at Paujil and also at La M Streaked Flycatcher - Myiodynastes maculatus: A few at El Paujil Tropical Kingbird - Tyrannus melancholicus. TK! Common throughout seen almost every day of the trip Fork-tailed Flycatcher – Tyrannus savanna: One in our drive out from Chingaza National Park. Eastern Kingbird – Tyrannus tyrranus: At Paujil Dusky-capped Flycatcher - Myiarchus tuberculifer: As usual, the plaintive call was heard more often than the bird – seen at Otun Quimbaya and Rio Blanco E Apical Flycatcher – Myiarchus apicalis: 1 seen near Bolombolo. An endemic of dry environments. Pale-edged Flycatcher – Myiarchus cephalotes: Two at the Piha Reserve and also at Rio Blanco

COTINGIDAE RR Green and Black Fruiteater - Pipreola riefferii: 8 at Rio Blanco and also seen at Alto Las Ventanas and Las Tangaras RR Orange-breasted Fruiteater - Pipreola jucunda: Two at Las Tangaras were seen very well indeed – stunning birds! Golden-breasted Fruiteater- Pipreola aureopectus: 2 seen at Piha Reserve Olivaceous Piha – Snowornis cryptolophus: Nice looks at Las Tangaras of two birds. E Chestnut-capped Piha – Lipaugus weberi: Fantastic views of a bird in response to playback at the RNA Arrierito Antioqueno (the name of the Piha in Spanish). Only described to science in 2001. Robert Giles donated funds for the accommodations at the reserve for guests. The chestnut on the crown can be hard to see but we got eye-level views. It is called “Arrierito”, which means muleteer or muleskinner in Spanish, because its call resembles the whistles used by the muleteers in Colombia to encourage their animals to get a move on! CRITICALLY ENDANGERED

Dusky Piha - Lipaugus fuscocinereus: A brief view of one at Rio Blanco Reserve Purple-throated Fruitcrow – Querula purpurata: 2 seen at RNA Paujil Red-ruffed Fruitcrow – Pyroderus scutatus: Common at Otun Quimbaya with 3 seen, heard few others

Male Green and Black Fruiteater



RR Orange-breasted Fruiteater - Pipreola jucunda: Two at Las Tangaras were seen very well indeed – stunning birds! Golden-breasted Fruiteater- Pipreola aureopectus: 2 seen at Piha Reserve Olivaceous Piha – Snowornis cryptolophus: Nice looks at Las Tangaras of two birds. E Chestnut-capped Piha – Lipaugus weberi: Fantastic views of a bird in response to playback at the RNA Arrierito Antioqueno (the name of the Piha in Spanish). Only described to science in 2001. Robert Giles donated funds for the accommodations at the reserve for guests. The chestnut on the crown can be hard to see but we got eye-level views. It is called “Arrierito”, which means muleteer or muleskinner in Spanish, because its call resembles the whistles used by the muleteers in Colombia to encourage their animals to get a move on! CRITICALLY ENDANGERED Dusky Piha - Lipaugus fuscocinereus: A brief view of one at Rio Blanco Reserve Purple-throated Fruitcrow – Querula purpurata: 2 seen at RNA Paujil Red-ruffed Fruitcrow – Pyroderus scutatus: Common at Otun Quimbaya with 3 seen, heard few others



PIPRIDAE Golden-winged Manakin – Masius chrysopterus: Good looks of male and females of this funny Manakin at two locations, Piha and Cerulean Reserve RR White-bibbed Manakin - Corapipo leucorrhoa: One male at La Victoria White-bearded Manakin - Manacus manacus: A big leek with 10+ males at El Paujil Golden-headed Manakin – Pipra erythrocephala: Great views of males at La Victoria and Paujil Reserve Western Striped Manakin – Machaeropterus striolatus: One male at Paujil Reserve

TITYRIDAE In this classification, the genera Tityra through Phibalura were formerly placed tentatively in the Cotingidae, following Prum et al. (2000). They had formerly been scattered among the Tyrannidae, Cotingidae, and Pipridae. Prum and Lanyon (1989) and Sibley & Ahlquist (1990) found that Tityra, Schiffornis, and Pachyramphus formed a distinct group, separate from the rest of the Tyrannidae; Sibley & Ahlquist (1990) proposed that they were most closely related to core Tyrannidae than to other tyrannoid families such as the Cotingidae or Pipridae. More recent genetic data (Johansson et al. 2002, Chesser 2004, Barber & Rice 2007) confirm that the genera Tityra through at least Pachyramphus form a monophyletic group, but Chesser (2004) found that this group is more closely related to the Pipridae than to the Cotingidae or Tyrannidae. SACC proposal passed to remove from Cotingidae (and place as Incertae Sedis or as separate family, Tityridae). Barber & Rice (2007) not only confirmed the monophyly of the group but also proposed elevation to family rank. SACC proposal passed to recognize Tityridae. Within this group, Barber & Rice (2007) found genetic evidence for two major groups: (a) Laniisoma, Laniocera, and Schiffornis, and (b) Iodopleura, Tityra, Xenopsaris, and Pachyramphus. Black-crowned Tityra - Tityra inquisitor: 2 seen at RNA El Paujil. The ancients gave the name Tityri to the satyrs and other raucous companions of Pan and Bacchus, so referring to the noisy aggressive behavior of the Tityras. Masked Tityra – Tityra semifasciata Barred Becard – Pachyramphus versicolor: seen at La M. Cinnamon Becard - Pachyramphus cinnamomeus: Seen above San Vicente Black-and-white Becard – Pachyramphus albogriseus: Seen at Las Tangaras, Otun Quimbaya and Bushbird Reserve.

VIREONIDAE RR Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo - Vireolanius eximius: Very good views of 3 individuals in a new sight for as “sugested by our great driver Jiovani again”, on our exit from Piha Reserve – a classy bird! Brown-capped Vireo - Vireo leucophrys: Seen at Rio Blanco

Red-eyed (Chivi) Vireo - Vireo (chivi) olivaceus: Some classifications (e.g., Pinto 1944) have considered the South American chivi group as a separate species ("Chivi Vireo") from V. olivaceus, or as conspecific with V. flavoviridis (Hamilton 1962), but see Hellmayr (1935), Zimmer (1941d), Eisenmann 1962a, Johnson & Zink (1985), and Ridgely & Tudor (1989). Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) suggested, however, that more than one species may be involved within the South American chivi group. RR Rufous-naped Greenlet - Hylophilus semibrunneus: Very good views in different locations. Almost a Colombian endemic but gets into Venezuela. Scrub Greenlet - Hylophilus flavipes: A few seen above Libano and also at La Victoria

CORVIDAE

Beautiful Jay -Cyanolyca pulchra: 2 seen on the trail at Las Tangaras Black-chested Jay - Cyanocorax affinis: Common at RNA El Paujil but also seen at Piha Reserve Inca Jay - Cyanocorax yncas: A most handsome bird – seen at Piha Reserve. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) and Hilty (2003) treated Middle American populations as a separate species, C. luxosus ("Green Jay") from South American C. yncas ("Inca Jay"), but no data presented; they were formerly (e.g., REFS) considered separate species.

HIRUNDINIDAE Blue-and-white Swallow -Pygochelidon cyanoleuca: Widespread in small numbers Brown-bellied Swallow - pygochelidon murina: At Chingaza and Rio Blanco Southern Rough-winged Swallow - Stelgidopteryx ruficollis: Common at lower elevations – seen at El Paujil Gray-breasted Martin - Progne chalybea: Seen in the Puerto Pinson where we changed vehicle in our way in to Paujil Reserve Cliff Swallow – Petrocehlidon pyrrhinota: A few seen at Bogota

TROGLODYTIDAE Southern Nightingale Wren - Microcerculus marginatus: Very good vview of one at Paujil House Wren Troglodytes aedon: Common and widespread. Many authors (e.g., Hellmayr 1934, Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) formerly treated Neotropical mainland populations as a separate species T. musculus; see also Brumfield and Capparella (1996); this treatment was followed by Brewer (2001) and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005). The Falklands population, T. a. cobbi, might also be best treated as a species (Wood 1993) and is done so by the IOU, as was done by Brewer (2001), Mazar Barnett & Pearman (2001), Jaramillo (2003), and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005); Mountain Wren – Troglodytes solstitiatus: Two seen well at the Rio Blanco reserve

Paramo Wren – Cistothorus aequatorialis: Heard at Chingaza and 4 on the paramo at Los Nevados National Park. Robbins & Nyri (2014) proposed recognition of nine species within broadly defined platensis, seven of which are in South America: C. alticola, C. aequatorialis, C. graminicola, C. minimus, C. tucumanus, C. hornensis, and C. platensis. They proosed the name Paramo Wren for the form we saw.

Paramo Wren E Apolinar’s Wren – Cistothorus apolinari: Great looks of 3 Parque La Florida. This species has a very small population and range. It is thought to be declining rapidly, owing to loss and degradation of its severely fragmented habitat. All subpopulations are suspected to be extremely small, and some have been extirpated over the last few decades. This combination of factors result in its classification as Endangered. ENDANGERED

A recent paper CANADA TO TIERRA DEL FUEGO: SPECIES LIMITS AND HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SEDGE WREN (CISTOTHORUS PLATENSIS) by MARK B. ROBBINS AND ARPAD S. NYARI suggest that there are 11 species in the Sedge Wren complex Cistothorus stellaris (Naumann 1823) Sedge Wren

migratory; breeds in mesic grasslands from central Canada south to central United States; primarily winters in southeastern United States and northeastern Mexico.

Cistothorus meridae Hellmayr 1907 Merida Wren Distribution: paramo in Venezuelan Andes

Cistothorus apolinari Chapman 1914 Apolinar’s Wren Distribution: cattail and bulrush dominated marshes in northern Colombian Andes

Cistothorus elegans Sclater and Salvin 1859 Grass Wren

Distribution: upland grassland and marshes (at least formerly) in transvolcanic belt in centralMexico, lowlands in southeastern Mexico, patchily distributed in both lowlands and highlands through Central America south to western Panama.

Cistothorus hornensis (Lesson 1834) Austral Wren

Distribution: Coquimbo, Chile and Neuque´n, Argentina south through Tierra del Fuego, including Falkland Islands/Malvinas. Comments: includes falklandicus.

Cistothorus tucumanus Hartert and Venturi 1909 Tucuman Wren

Distribution: highlands of Santa Cruz, Bolivia south to Tucuma´n and at least the mountains in western Co´rdoba province, Argentina

Cistothorus platensis (Latham 1790) Pampas Wren Distribution: lowland grasslands in southeastern Brazil (southern Goı´s, Parana´), southern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Uruguay south to central Argentina, and west to dptos Beni and Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Cistothorus minimus Carriker 1934 Puna Wren Distribution: puna grassland from dpto Ayacucho, Peru south to La Paz, Bolivia.

Cistothorus graminicola Taczanowski 1874 Junın Wren Distribution: paramo south of the Rıo Maranon drainage to dpto Junın, Peru

Cistothorus aequatorialis Lawrence 1871 Paramo Wren Distribution: paramo of Andean Venezuela and northern Colombia south to northern Peru

Cistothorus alticola Salvin and Godman, 1883 Venezuelan Wren Distribution: high elevation grassland in Gran Sabana, coastal mountains of Venezuela from Carabobo east to Sucre/Monagas border

Bicolored Wren - Campylorhynchus griseus: Excellent views at the Cerulean Warbler RNA RR White-headed Wren – Campylorhynchus albobunneus: 3 on the trail at Las Tangaras RRSooty-headed Wren – Pheugopedius spadix; 1 responsive bird at RNA Arrierito (Piha Reserve). Almost a Colombian endemic but gets into Eastern Panama. Genetic data (Mann et al. 2006) indicate that the broad genus Thryothorus is polyphyletic, and that true Thryothorus is not found in South America; Mann et al. (2006) recommended recognition of three genera for South American taxa by resurrecting two from the synonymy of Thryothorus (Pheugopedius and Thryophilus) and describing a new one (Cantorchilus). SACC proposal pending to redistribute South American "Thryothorus" into three genera did not pass. Black-bellied Wren - Pheugopedius fasciatoventris: Great looks at El Paujil, and above San Vicente Whiskered Wren - Pheugopedius mystacalis: good views of 2 at Otun Quimbaya. Bay Wren - Pheugopedius nigricapillus: Great views of 4 on our exit from Piha Reserve

E Niceforo’s Wren - Thryophilus leucopogon: 1 bird in a small patch of bamboo above San Vicente; it took as time to find this site. Named for Father Niciforo Maria Colombian missionary and herpetologist in the early 1900’s. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED E Antioquia Wren - Thryophilus senai: Fantastic looks! Found after a bit of a search near Salgar. This species was discovered in March 2010 in the vicinity of the Cauca River in Antioquia, Colombia and described as new species in 2012. The epithet commemorates the late Marco Antonio Serna Díaz (19361991), a Colombian naturalist from San Vicente Ferrer, Antioquia. ENDANGERED Buff-breasted Wren – Cantorchilus leucotis: Two seen well on our exit from Piha Reserve (in a little village call “come raton”). Rufous Wren – Cinnecerthia unirufa: Good views at Chingaza National Park Sharpe’s Wren - Cinnycerthia olivascens: Nice looks at Las Tangaras White-breasted Wood-wren - Henicorhina leucosticte: 2 seen at La Victoria Grey-breasted Wood-Wren - Henicorhina leucophrys: Regularly heard at higher elevations with a number of good views. We saw the nominate leucophrys. E Munchique Wood-Wen - Henicorhina negreti: 2 called in at La M and show they did. Named for the Munchique National Park where this taxon was first noted. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED Chestnut-breasted Wren - Cyphorhinus thoracicus*: Wow the song in Colombia is something else! Seen at Otun Quimbaya.

POLIOPTIDAE Tropical Gnatcatcher – Polioptila plummbea: not common, but seen in three different occasion.

DONACOBIIDAE Black-capped Donacobius – Donacobius atricapilla: 2 on the way out of El Paujil

TURDIDAE Andean Solitaire Myadestes ralloides: Seen on three occasions RR Black Solitaire - Entomodestes coracinus. Another Choco endemic played hide and seek with us along the trail at Las Tangaras but we all got looks. Great Thrush - Turdus fuscater: Ubiquitous at higher elevations. We saw quindio (endemic) in the Central and Western Andes. Glossy-black Thrush - Turdus serranus: One seen at Rio Blanco Pale-breasted Thrush - Turdus leucomelas: Seen well above Libano and also at Bushbird Reserve.

MIMIDAE Tropical Mockingbird - Mimus gilvus: A common open country species.

THRAUPIDAE White-capped Tanager - Sericossypha albocristata: Great views of 6 that responded very well to playback at Alto Las Ventanas (Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve). Rufous-crested Tanager - Creurgops verticalis: Seen at Las Tangaras Black-capped Hemispingus – Hemispingus atropileus: Small groups at Las Tangaras and Alto las Ventanas, and one of them bathing in the middle of the trail at Rio Blanco Reserve. Hemispingus is Greek and means half a spingus – a spingus being a Finch so referring to their small size. Superciliaried Hemispingus – Hemispingus superciliaris: Seen in the mix flock at Alto Las Ventanas, Rio Blanco and Los Nevados National Park. Oleaginous Hemispingus – Hemispingus frontalis: Seen at Otun Quimbaya. Black-eared Hemispingus - Hemispingus melanotis: 2 seen at Rio Blanco. We saw the nominate formThe SACC says: Genetic data (Garcia-Moreno et al. 2001, Garcia-Moreno & Fjeldsa 2003) indicate that the distinctive taxon piurae (Piura Hemispingus), currently treated as a subspecies of H. melanotis (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970), is more distant from the latter than is H. frontalis, and that piurae is basal to frontalis + melanotis; these analyses, however, are based on only ca. 300 base-pairs of mtDNA. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) treated piurae as a separate species from H. melanotis based on plumage and vocal differences. SACC proposal to recognize piurae as a species did not pass. Hilty (2011) also treated piurae as a separate species. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) and Hilty (2011) further recognized the subspecies ochraceus (Western Hemispingus) as a separate species based on plumage differences. Proposal needed. Grey-hooded Bush Tanager – Cnemoscopus rubrirostris: We saw birds of the nominate form that do have pink bills at La M and Rio Blanco. Note the southern form chyrsogster south of the Maranon River in Peru, which does not have a pink bill may be a separate species and, if so, would become a Peruvian endemic. Gray-headed Tanager – Eucometes penicillata: One at La Victoria. Penicillata = Latin brush referring to crest –literally Penis-tail. White-shouldered Tanager - Tachyphonus luctuosus: One seen on our exit from Piha Reserve Crimson-backed Tanager - Ramphocelus dimidiatus: A widespread tanager of open and secondary habitats. RR Flame-rumped Tanager - Ramphocelus flammigerus: Seen at lunch stop in our way to Las Tangaras. See the preceding species for the taxonomic status of this near endemic. Lemon-rumped Tanager Ramphocelus ictronotus: Common at the garden of Las Tangaras Lodge and in the garden lodge at Cerulean Warbler reserve. Limited hybridization between Ramphocelus icteronotus

and R. flammigerus was the basis for lumping them (Isler and Isler 1987, Ridgely and Tudor 1989, Sibley and Monroe 1990), but that may have been a mistake (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, Ridgely & Tudor 2000. The SACC says: The taxon icteronotus was formerly (e.g., Hellmayr 1936, Meyer de Schauensee 1970) considered a separate species from Ramphocelus flammigerus, but intergradation between them in southwestern Colombia (Chapman 1917, Sibley 1958) led Storer (1970a) to consider them conspecific, and this treatment has been followed by most authors subsequently (e.g., Ridgely & Tudor 1989, Sibley & Monroe 1990), Restall (2007). However, as noted by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001), the differences between these two are comparable to those between two Ramphocelus taxa (passerinii and costaricensis) recently treated as separate species (Hackett 1996, AOU 1998). Restall 2007 agrees with the split as does the IOC. The SACC is considering.

Flame-rumped Tanager – Phil Yates Blue-gray Tanager - Thraupis episcopus: Numerous and widespread. The scientific name is derived from the ‘episcopal blue’ plumage. Palm Tanager - Thraupis palmarum: Common and widespread. Blue-capped Tanager Thraupis cyanocephala: A few seen at La M and Rio Blanco.

E Black and Gold Tanager - Bangsia melanochlamys: Quite common at the Las Tangaras Reserve with great looks of 5 birds. VULNERABLE Hooded Mountain Tanager – Buthraupis Montana: Seen at Chingaza a large showy Tanager Black-chested Mountain Tanager - Cnemathraupis eximia: Heard very well at Los Nevados Lacrimose Mountain Tanager – Anisognathus lacrymosus: At La M, Alto Las Ventanas, Rio Blanco and Los Nevados Blue-winged Mountain-Tanager Anisognathus somptuosus: At Las Tangaras, Rio Blanco, and Cerulean Warbler reserve. RR Black-chinned Mountain Tanager – Anisognathus notabilis: A few seen at RNA Las Tangaras RR Purplish-mantled Tanager – Iridosornis porphyrocephalus. A near endemic creeping into NW Ecuador. 2 seen at Las Tangaras. E Multicolored Tanager - Chlorochrysa nitidissima: Great look of two male at Otun Quimbaya. VULNERABLE RR Glistening-green Tanager – Chlorochrysa phoenicotis: A few at Las Tangaras Plain-colored Tanager – Tangara inornata: 2 seen on our exit from El Paujil and two more at Bushbird Reserve Golden Tanager -Tangara arthus: A stunning montane species that we saw at a number of sites. Saffron-crowned Tanager - Tangara xanthocephala: At Otun Quimbaya and Cerulean Reserve Flame-faced Tanager - Tangara parzudakii: Seen at Cerulean Reserve Speckled Tanager – Tangara guttata: Several sighting of the bogotensis race at the Recurve-billed Bushbird reserve. Also at Piha Reserve (tolimae) Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola: We saw the turquoise bellied deleticia in the Andes, The name ‘gyrola’ is derived from the Latin ‘gyros’, or ring, and refers to the golden nuchal collar present in most races of this species. RR Scrub Tanager - Tangara vitriolina: Another species which prefers second growth. One of the most numerous and widespread tanagers in Colombia’s valleys and on the adjacent slopes, but outside the country it is a localized specialty in northern Ecuador. Metallic-green Tanager - Tangara labradorides: Seen at Otun Quimbaya Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis: At Piha Reserve. Golden-hooded Tanager – Tangara larvata: Seen in our way in to Paujil Reserve

Beryl-spangled Tanager - Tangara nigroviridis: Seen at several localities. Blue and Black Tanager – Tangara vassorii: Fairly common at La M, Alto las Ventanas and Rio Blanco Black-capped Tanager - Tangara heinei: A few seen at various sites notably on the feeders at the Piha Reserve. Golden-napped Tanager – Tangara rufiservix: Seen at Cerulean Warbler Reserve Yellow-tufted (Black-faced) Dacnis – Dacnis (lineata) egreria; One seen well at La Victoria. Ridgely & Tudor (1989) pointed out the trans-Andean egregia group may deserve species rank. Ridgely et al. (2001) considered egregia a species separate from lineata based on plumage differences and disjunct range. SACC proposal to recognize Dacnis egregia as a separate species did not pass because of insufficient published data. E Turquoise Dacnis - Dacnis hartlaubi: 2 males seen in the lodge garden at Cerulean Warbler reserve. VULNERABLE Green Honeycreeper – Chlorophanes spiza: Seen at Otun Quimbaya Yellow-backed Tanager - Hemithraupis flavicollis: Seen at El Paujil. White-eared Conebill – Conirostrum leucogenys: Nice view of 2 at Laguna Del Hato road Capped Conebill – Conirostrum albifrons: 2 of the (centralandium - white cap) at Rio Blanco but also seen at Alto Las Ventanas. RR Rufous-browed Conebill – Conirsotrum rufum: Seen at Chingaza Glossy Flowerpiercer – Diglossa lafresnayi: At Los Nevados Black Flowerpiercer – Diglossa humeralis: we debated this but this was the one we saw at Chingaza and also at Alto Las Ventanas. White-sided Flowerpiercer - Diglossa albilatera: Seen at La M and Rio Blanco. Here the nominate race. RR Indigo Flowerpiercer – Diglossa indigotica. Two at Las Tangaras Bluish Flowerpiercer – Diglossa caerulascens: One seen at La M Masked Flowerpiercer – Diglossa cyanea: Common at La M, Alto las Ventanas and Rio Blanco Plushcap - Catamblyrhynchus diadema: 2 – at Alto las Ventanas Plumbeous Sierra Finch - Phrygilus unicolor: At Chingaza NP and the Los Nevados park road. Grassland Yellow-Finch - Sicalis luteola: On the Laguna Del Hato road and on our drive to Paujil

Saffron Finch - Sicalis flaveola: Common Blue-black Grassquit - Volatinia jacarina: Common. Buff-throated Saltator - Saltator maximus: Fairly common – seen at Paujil Black-winged Saltator - Saltator atripennis: Common at Piha Reserve, Otun Quimbaya and above Libano. One of the nicer Saltators. Grayish Saltator – Saltator coerulescens: At Cerulean Reserve Streaked Saltator Saltator striatipectus: At Cerulean Reserve and on our exit from Paujil Yellow-bellied Seedeater - Sporophila nigricollis: Common. Black-and-white Seedeater - Sporophila luctuosa: Seen at Piha Reserve Ruddy-breasted Seedeater - Sporophila minuta: Seen on our exit from Paujil Reserve Thick-billed seed-Finch - Sporophila funereus: At el Paujil. From the Latin – oruza = rice, borus = devouring thus Rice Devourer or Rice Eater Plain-colored Seedeater – Catamenia inornata: Seen at Los Nevados National Park Paramo Seedeater - Catamenia homochroa: Also seen at Los Nevados Bananaquit - Coereba flaveola: As usual, common and widespread. Yellow-faced Grassquit - Tiaris olivacea: At Cerulean Warbler Reserve

EMBERIZIDAE RR Tanager Finch- Oreothraupis arremonops: Wow great looks at 3 in the mist at La M and 3 more at Alto Las Ventanas. VULNERABLE Dusky Chlorospingus – Chlorospingus semifuscus: 2 seen at RNA Las Tangaras. Genetic data (REFS, Burns et al. 2002, 2003) indicate the genus Chlorospingus is not a member of the Thraupidae, but (Klicka et al. 2007) a member of the Emberizidae. SACC proposal passed to transfer to Emberizidae. Barker et al. (2013) further confirmed the placement of the genus with the New World sparrows. Frank Pitelka (in Tordoff 1954a) long ago noted the emberizine-like behavior of Chlorospingus. SACC proposal passed to change English names of the species in the genus from Bush-Tanager to Chlorospingus Common Chlorospingus - Catamenia homochroa: Seen at Otun Quimbaya and Cerulean Warbler Reserve Yellow-throated Chlorospingus– Chlorospingus flavigularis: Common at RNA Arrierito (Piha Reserve)

Tanager Finch – Phil Yates



Orange-billed Sparrow - Arremon aurantiirostris: 3 seen at Paujil Reserve. Nice song! Chestnut-capped Brushfinch - Arremon brunneinucha: At RNA Arrierito, Las Tangaras and Cerulean Warbler Reserve Gray-browed Brushfinch – Arremon assimilis: At Rio Blanco Reserve RR Black-headed Brushfinch – Arremon atricapillus: Nice looks at a responsive pair above Libano. The relationships among the forms assigned to the atricapillus and torquatus groups are controversial, with virtually no relevant data available. Wetmore et al. (1984), Paynter (1970a), and Remsen & Graves (1995) treated the atricapillus group as conspecific with B. torquatus largely because of the intermediate phenotypes shown by subspecies such as tacarcunae and costaricensis. Hellmayr (1938), Meyer de Schauensee (1966), Sibley & Monroe (1990), and Ridgely & Tudor (1989) treated them as two species because of the close geographical approach of nominate atricapillus and B. t. assimilis without signs of gene flow. Donegan et al. (2007) found B. [t.] atricapillus and B. [t.] assimilis to replace one another elevationally in the East Andes of Colombia (Santander and Boyacá departments), without any evidence of hybridization, suggesting that treatment of this complex within a single species is not supportable. Sibley& Monroe (1990) considered B. torquatus and B. atricapillus, along with Middle American B. virenticeps, to form a superspecies. Buarremon virenticeps was considered conspecific with B. torquatus by Paynter (1970a) and Wetmore et al. (1984), but was treated as a separate species by Paynter (1978), AOU (1983, 1998), and Ridgely & Tudor (1989). Cadena & Cuervo’s (2010) analysis of voice, plumage, and genetics in the group indicates that as many as eight species should be recognized in this complex. Rufous-collared - Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis: Numerous at higher elevations.

RR Moustached Brushfinch - Atlapetes albofrenatus: very good views of 3 at the Recurve-billed Bushbird reserve. We saw the albofrenatus race. White-naped (Yellow-throated) Brushfinch – Atlapetes (gutteralis) albinucha: Seen at Otun Quimbaya, Rio Blanco and above Libano of the gutturalis form. A pretty bird! The SACC says- Paynter (1964) provided rationale for merging the Atlapetes gutturalis group into A. albinucha White-naped BrushFinch; and this treatment was followed by Paynter (1970a), AOU (1998), and Dickinson (2003) but not by Restall (2007). The two certainly look very different but the IOC says Yellow-throated Brushfinch Atlapetes gutturalis intergrades and is conspecific with White-naped Brushfinch A. albinucha E Yellow-headed Brushfinch – Atlapetes flaviceps: 3 seen in the early morning above Libano. An extremely localized endemic in real danger. Formerly (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Hilty & Brown 1986, Dickinson 2003) known as "Olive-headed Brush-Finch". Called"Yellow-headed Brush-Finch" in BirdLife International (2000). SACC proposal passed to change English name to the latter because the historical name is inaccurate and misleading. ENDANGERED Pale-naped Brush-Finch - Atlapetes pallidinucha: Good views at Chingaza and Los Nevados National Park RR Choco Brushfinch – Atlapetes crassus: at least two at Las Tangaras – recent split from Tricolored Brush-Finch A. tricolor which becomes a Peruvian endemic Slaty Brush-Finch – Atlapetes schistaceus: The nominate race was seen at Alto Las Ventanas and at Rio Blanco Yellow-green Bush-Tanager – Chlorospingus flavovirens: 2 seen at La M with mix-species flock

CARDINALIDAE E Sooty Ant-Tanager - Habia gutturalis: A superb Colombian endemic. We saw 3 at La Victoria and 2 more at Paujil. It has a restricted range within north-west Colombia, where it occurs in the upper Sinú valley at the north end of the West Andes, and east along the north base of the Andes to the middle Magdalena valley. Despite a report that it may benefit from forest destruction, it is now adjudged rare in (often streamside) undergrowth in tall secondary and patchy woodland at 100-1,100m. It is highly insectivorous, with pairs or small family groups following swarms of army ants or joining mixed-species flocks. Suitable habitat within its range is unprotected and relatively reduced. The middle and lower Magdalena valley has been extensively deforested since the 19th century (foragriculture), and clearance of its favored foothills has been near total since the 1950s. E Crested Ant-Tanager – Habia cristata: 3 seen very well on the trail at Las Tangaras and 2 more above Libano. Great looks at this endemic.

PARULIDAE

Black and White Warbler – Mniiotilta varia: Cool bird! Seen at Bushbird Reserve Mourning Warbler – Oporornis agilis: One above San Vicente

American Redstart - Setophaga ruticilla: 2 in the coffee plantation above San Vicente and 1 more female seen at Bushbird Reserve Cerulean Warbler – Dendroica cerulea: Seen above Libano and also at Bushbird reserve. VULNERABLE Tropical Parula – Parula pitiayumi: Seen twice throughout the trip American Yellow Warbler – Dendroica aestiva: This North American Migrant was seen at Parque La Florida and another one on our travel day to Otun Quimbaya. The SACC says: Many authors suspect that the breeding populations of Dendroica petechia in South America may represent one or more separate species from North American wintering populations, but species limits in the "Yellow Warbler' complex are controversial (Klein and Brown 1994). Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) used a two-species classification, with North American wintering populations as one species, D. aestiva ("Yellow Warbler") and tropical resident populations as another, D. petechia ("Mangrove Warbler"). A three-species classification, as used by Hilty (2003), would separate the tropical populations into two species: mainly Pacific coastal populations, D. erithachorides ("Mangrove Warbler"), and Caribbean D. petechia ("Golden Warbler"). Olson (1980) noted that the South American populations on the Pacific coast show a gradation of characters between the erithachorides and petechia groups. SACC proposal to split petechia into two or more species did not pass due to insufficient published data. The IOC differs however and splits the birds into North American Yellow Warbler and Mangrove Warbler. Buff-rumped Warbler - Myiothlypis fulvicauda: 2 at El Paujil RR Gray-throated Warbler - Myiothlypis cinereicollis: very good views at the Bushbird reserve. Russet-crowned Warbler – Myiothlypis coronatus: Seen at Rio Blanco Rufous-capped Warbler - Basileuterus rufifrons delatterii: 2 seen at the Antioquia Wren site and 2 more above Libano. The delatrii group of subspecies, from Guatemala south to northwestern South America, was formerly (e.g., Hellmayr 1935) treated as separate species from the Basileuterus rufifrons of (mainly) Mexico, but they evidently intergrade in Guatemala and Honduras (Monroe 1968, AOU 1983). Three-striped Warbler - Basileuterus tristriatus: Common Canada Warbler – Cardellina canadensis: Common – but beautiful! Slate-throated Whitestart - Myioborus miniatus: A common, widespread and delightful resident of the montane forests. E Golden-fronted Whitestart – Myioborus ornatus: We saw the chrysops and ornatus races at various locations– a very pretty bird.

Golden-fronted Whitestart



ICTERIDAE Russet-backed Oropendola - Zarhynchus angustifrons: Seen on our travel day from Piha reserve to Las Tangaras Crested Oropendola - Psarocolius decumanus: Seen at Paujil reserve Northern Mountain Cacique - Cacicus leucoramphus: Good views at Chingaza National park. Cacicus leucoramphus is split from C. chrysonotus (Southern Mountain Cacique) (Jaramillo & Burke 1999; Ridgely & Greenfield 2001; Hilty 2003); The SACC says -The northern (leucoramphus) and southern (chrysonotus) groups of subspecies were treated as separate species by Blake (1968b), but most classifications have treated them as a single species (e.g., Hellmayr 1937, Meyer de Schauensee 1966, 1970, Ridgely & Tudor 1989, Fjeldså & Krabbe 1990; and usually as Cacicus leucoramphus, an error, because chrysonotus has priority) because specimens near the contact zone show some signs of gene flow (Hellmayr 1937, Bond 1953). However, see Jaramillo & Burke (1999) for possible reasons for ranking them as species; This was followed by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) and Hilty (2003) but not Restall (2007). So if you have seen Mountain Cacique in southern Peru or Bolivia – this is a different species now. Orange-crowned Oriole - Icterus auricapillus: One seen very well at the last Bushbird scouting stop (matadero de Majagual) in our way to Bucaramanga airport Yellow-backed Oriole - Icterus chrysater: 1 seen above San Vicente Yellow Oriole – Icterus nigrogularis: Seen on the way to RNA Paujil Yellow-hooded Blackbird – Chrysmus icterocephalus: Common at Parque La Florida and near RNA Paujil

Shiny Cowbird – Molothorus bonariensis: Common Carib Grackle - Quiscalus lugubris: a few seen during our drives to San Vicente and to Ocaña. This species is spreading south at a fast rate and has reached Bogota where it parasites House Sparrows. Red-breasted Meadowlark - Sturnella militaris: 2 seen on our drive to El Paujil reserve Eastern Meadowlark - Sturnella magna: A few seen at Chingaza. This is an isolated population.

FRINGILLIDAE Andean Siskin – Spinus spinescens: Fairly common – seen at Chingaza and above Libano Yellow-bellied Siskin – Spinus xanthrogaster: A few on 2 different days Lesser Goldfinch – Spinus psaltria: At Alto de Ventanas and at Otun Quimbaya E Velvet-fronted Euphonia – Euphonia concinna: 2 pair seen well on the Laguna el Hato road

Velvet-fronted Euphonia Thick-billed Euphonia - Euphonia laniirostris. Common Orange-bellied Euphonia - Euphonia xanthogaster: A few throughout the tour and like most races, the birds we saw (oressinoma), are actually yellow-bellied. A species conspicuously absent from the, (impoverished) Santa Marta Mountains. Trinidad Euphonia - Euphonia trinitatis: One seen responding to playback at Cerulean Warbler Reserve Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia - Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys: 2 seen well at Las Tangaras



MAMMALS Variagated Spider Monkey – Ateles hybridus: At least 2 at RNA El Paujil. CRITICALLY ENDANGERED Colombian Red Howler Monkey - Alouatta seniculus: 3 seen at Otun Quimbaya Silvery-brown Barefaced Tamarin – Saguinus leucopus: Two seen very well at La Victoria Cavy - Cavia anolaimae: 2 seen at La Florida Park. It is believed to be a feral offshoot of the domestic guinea pig, Cavia porcellus, and is often treated as a synonym of C. porcellus.

REPTILES Red-headed Basilisk - Basiliscus galeritus: several sightings at El Paujil Everglades Rat Snake - Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni: One seen on our drive to Piha Reserve Smooth-fronted Caiman – Paleosuchus trigonatus: Seen at Paujil