However, most birds observed in Toronto are visitors. ... Since 2004 the Toronto Bird Flyways and Sanctuaries Project, a
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Meadowvale
Brimley
McCowan
Midland
Kennedy
404 Victoria Pk
Leslie
Bayview
Yonge
Bathurst
Dufferin
Markham
River
important in urban settings where natural habitat is often sparse and less resilient than in rural areas. The City
The Bird-Friendly Development Guidelines provide strategies for building owners, managers and tenants, as well as home and business owners, to help make urban areas less dangerous for birds. This is primarily achieved through the reduction of light pollution and making windows visible to birds.
encourages bird education by: • Creating strategically-placed birdwatching lookouts. • Engaging the community. • Informing site users with interpretive signage, self-guided tours and downloadable information.
Birds of Toronto is a comprehensive publication about the birds that live and migrate through the city. Free copies are available at Toronto Public Library branches and civic centres.
• Researching bird populations and migration habits in order to enhance scientific knowledge and improve methods of protection.
i
BIRDS OF TORONTO A GUIDE TO THEIR REMARKABLE WORLD • City of Toronto Biodiversity Series •
Wood Duck
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East Point Bird Sanctuary
Victoria Pk
Queen King
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About this publication
Birds fulfill numerous environmental functions or
Bird habitat has been progressively degraded and
dominated by roads, buildings, power lines and
“ecosystem services” by consuming insects,
destroyed by human activity. In Toronto, what was
artificial lighting. In addition, birds are further
pollinating plants and dispersing seeds.
once a diverse ecosystem of extensive wetlands,
threatened by habitat loss through urban sprawl and
upland hardwood and mixed forest is now
the effects of climate change. Birds are also killed by human factors such as recreational hunting, pesticide
Lake Ontario
poisoning, outdoor cats and collisions with vehicles,
Gardiner Expwy
building and power lines. Tommy Thompson Park
You can help protect our birds in several ways: • Plant native shrubs and bird-friendly gardens. By growing a diversity of native plants that fruit at different times of the year, gardeners can provide a food source for birds.
Site enhancements include: • Planting native trees and shrubs that serve as food and shelter.
Central Flyway
• Installing habitat structures to provide additional shelter.
Pacific Flyway
• Expanding wooded areas and reducing mown grass.
Trans-Atlantic Flyway
• Controlling invasive species.
Trans-Pacific Flyway
• Keeping dead trees and shrubs on the the site, that either remain standing (snags) or fallen (downed woody debris) and preserving existing habitat such as nest cavities that serve as bird habitat. • Blocking off unsustainable trails that impact on bird habitat. • Installing interpretive signage.
Protecting bird populations – what you can do
• Install bird houses and bird feeders. Place bird feeders within one metre or less of any glass surface to help minimize birds colliding into windows. • Eliminate pesticides and chemical fertilizers.
Least Bittern
• Ensure that exterior decorative or security lighting in your yard is shielded, which helps to direct the light downward.
The goal of the Natural Environment and Community Programs Section of Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation is to restore, protect and enhance the natural environment within the City of Toronto’s parks system. The Toronto Bird Flyways and Sanctuaries Project provides an opportunity to realize this goal while filling a need for bird protection and responding to a growing recreational interest in birding. This project complements other habitat restoration work by the City and its partners at sites throughout Toronto and will enhance bird flyway corridors that connect to larger continental ecosystems.
This project was undertaken with the financial support of:
Ce projet a été réalisé avec l’appui financier de:
• Draw drapes and close blinds whenever possible. • Keep cats indoors.
Illustrations: Julian Mulock Photos: Mark Peck
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takes place at a respectful distance, without damaging ecologically valuable natural habitat. This is particularly
“Lights Out Toronto!” is an initiative intended to draw attention to the dangers urban centres pose for migratory birds. Its goal is to reduce light pollution, which draws birds into brightly-lit urban areas. Turning lights out prevents bird deaths from exhaustion and flying into windows. Everyone is encouraged to turn out unnecessary lights at work and home during the spring and autumn migration seasons.
401
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Toronto
Keele
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409 Dixon
flight across the lake.
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to rest before or after a long
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the north shore of Lake Ontario
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urban landscape. Birds also use
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To Iceland, Great Britain, Spain and Africa
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through an otherwise hostile
Finch
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make them attractive routes
Steeles
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south orientation of the ravines
Greenland
Jane
To Siberia and Japan
Toronto Bird Flyways and Sanctuaries
bird habitat, while the north-
Parkside
North American Bird Migration Routes
Allen Expwy
systems. The city’s naturalized areas contain valuable natural
Bathurst Spadina
Ontario and extensive waterfront parkland and ravine
Since 2004 the Toronto Bird Flyways and Sanctuaries Project, an initiative of the Toronto Parks, Forestry & Recreation Division, has focused on ecological enhancements at park sites located in three major watersheds and along the Lake Ontario shoreline.
400
Arctic or Boreal forest regions.
location on the edge of Lake
Other Initiatives in Toronto
Toronto is an excellent location to experience nature through birding, a low-intensity form of recreation that
Islington
nests, breed, and raise young, or use the city as a stopover point en route to or from breeding grounds in the
Birding and bird education in Toronto
migrating birds include its
427
However, most birds observed in Toronto are visitors. Many of these migratory birds return each year to build
The Toronto Bird Flyways and Sanctuaries Project
Kipling
cardinalis) and Eastern Screech-Owl (Megascops asio).
Great Egret
27
Some of these birds include the Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus), Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis
Other features that contribute to Toronto’s attractiveness to
427
Birds that live here year-round are suited to the local habitat for all aspects of their lifecycle, in all seasons.
Migratory birds in North America travel along one of four principal routes, called flyways. Toronto is located where the Atlantic and the Mississippi flyways overlap, making it a particularly abundant migratory bird location.
Renforth
Birding in Toronto
Canada’s largest city boasts an impressive diversity of birds and bird habitats, with approximately 400 different species of birds spotted here.
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Fourt Twe Twenty First Twentieth Nineteenth
COLONEL SAM SMITH PARK
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Fifth Fourth Third
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Garnett Janes Smith Bird Sanctuary Colonel Samuel
60-hectare park remains in a natural state, consisting of meadow, forest and wetland habitat. Interpretive features include a bird blind for viewing and a “sound space” where you can quietly listen to bird songs. Enter from the east parking lot at the end of Beechgrove, south of Lawrence Ave. E., one block west of Meadowvale, and follow the trail along the lake and through several different habitat areas to look for birds.
Some of the birds you might find at this Bird Flyways site include: Bobolink (Dolychonyx oryzivorus) Northern Parula Warbler (Parula Americana) Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronate) Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) Nashville Warbler (Vermivora ruficapilla) White-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus) American Bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus)
A variety of habitats including wetland and successional meadows attract a diversity of bird species. There is a 1 km trail through an extensive peninsula along the water where you can view waterfowl in the lake and songbirds in the meadows, leading to a wetland lookout. The grounds of the former Lake Shore Psychiatric Hospital boast older trees that make ideal habitat for birds that need nesting cavities. Of significance is the impressive and unique migration of the Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) on its way to tundra breeding grounds in late May.
Some of the birds you might find at this Bird Flyways site include: Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus) Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) Snowy Owl (Bubo scandiacus) Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Black-crowned Night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis) Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena)
In 2000, Tommy Thompson Park (TTP), located along the Leslie Street Spit, was recognized as a globally significant Important Bird Area due to its breeding colonial waterbirds, overwintering waterfowl, and migratory landbirds. Owned and managed by TRCA, the site is also home to the TTP Bird Research Station, which is dedicated to the understanding, protection and awareness of birds in Toronto. The park is open to the public on weekends and holidays. Private rivate vehicles and pets are not permitted. Enter from Leslie St., south of Lake Shore Blvd. E. For more information visit www.trca.on.ca/ttp and www.ttpbrs.ca
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Some of the birds you might find at this Bird Flyways site include: Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Heucticus ludovicianus) Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) Purple Finch (Carpodacus purpureus) American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) Eastern Screech Owl (Otus asio) Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) Baltimore Oriole (Icterus glabula) Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula)
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CLAIRVILLE CONSERVATION AREA
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Dark-eyed Junco
Eastern Screech-Owl
Red-tailed Hawk
Blue Jay
Purple Finch
Bobolink
Northern Parula Warbler
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Whimbrel
American Kestrel
Northern Mockingbird
Long-tailed Duck
Great Blue Heron
