borough profile - Enfield Council

Enfield council Enfield Borough Profile 2017

Information and Research Team, Enfield Council

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www.enfield.gov.uk

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KEY FACTS AND STATISTICS................................................................................ 3 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................ 4 DEMOGRAPHICS..................................................................................................... 6 POPULATION SIZE ................................................................................................................. 7 AGE PROFILE ....................................................................................................................... 9 POPULATION CHANGES ........................................................................................................ 10 ETHNIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY .......................................................................................... 11 RELIGION ......................................................................................................................... 16 LANGUAGES ...................................................................................................................... 18 SEXUAL ORIENTATION ......................................................................................................... 18 GENDER REASSIGNMENT ...................................................................................................... 19 DISABILITY ........................................................................................................................ 19 MARRIAGE AND CIVIL PARTNERSHIP ....................................................................................... 20 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS .............................................................................. 21 DEPRIVATION .................................................................................................................... 21 CHILD POVERTY ................................................................................................................. 25 HOUSEHOLD INCOMES......................................................................................................... 26 EMPLOYMENT RATES .......................................................................................................... 26 WORKLESSNESS / UNEMPLOYMENT ........................................................................................ 26 CRIME ............................................................................................................................. 27 HEALTH ........................................................................................................................... 28 CHILDREN’S SERVICES .......................................................................................................... 39 HOUSING ......................................................................................................................... 41 EDUCATION ...................................................................................................................... 45 LOCAL ECONOMY ............................................................................................................... 49 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ............................................................................... 53 ROAD TRAFFIC ................................................................................................................... 53 CAR OWNERSHIP ................................................................................................................ 53 TRAIN TRAVEL ................................................................................................................... 54 CLIMATE CHANGE .............................................................................................................. 56 RESIDENT REFUSE AND RECYCLING COLLECTIONS ........................................................................ 57 GREENNESS AND OPENNESS .................................................................................................. 59 HERITAGE AND NATURE CONSERVATION .................................................................................. 60 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................ 61

Produced by Information and Research Team, Performance Management Hub, Chief Executive’s Unit, Enfield Council

Key facts and statistics This section presents a selection of facts and statistics mostly included within the main body of the Profile.  Enfield is 12 miles from the centre of London.  At Mid-2016 the population was estimated to be 331,395.  The top five (non-English) languages spoken by Enfield school pupils, in 2016, were Turkish, Somali, Polish, Bengali and Albanian.  The Council has developed additional town twinning arrangements with Turkey and Greece in response to the large Greek speaking and Turkish speaking communities that live in the Borough.  71.2% of working-age people are in employment (year to June 2016)

 The crime rate is lower than the London average.  Both male and female life expectancies are higher than the national average  Around 63.% of adults in Enfield are overweight or obese – slightly below the average for England  Diabetes prevalence in Enfield is above the national average  From 2015 to 2016, the number of business enterprises in Enfield increased by 7.6% to 12,320. 92.4% of businesses employ fewer than 10 employees.  Business survival rates currently stand at 91% for the first year  In the twelve months to November 2016, property prices in Enfield rose by an average of 11% - the 7th highest percentage rise of all boroughs in London.  Average Private Rented Sector rents have risen in Enfield by nearly 32% in the last five years  Enfield has the longest river length of all London boroughs.  About 40% of the Borough’s area is designated Green Belt.


Background Enfield is about 12 miles by road from the centre of London. Enfield has good links to the national motorway system, the north of the borough being bounded by the M25, accessed at junctions 24 and 25. It also has two trunk roads – the A10 (London to Cambridge) and A406 (London’s North Circular Road). Five train lines pass through the borough, including the Piccadilly (Underground) Line connecting to Heathrow Airport. The other direct connections are in to London Kings Cross, Moorgate and Liverpool Street, outward to Welwyn Garden City, Hertford North, Hertford East, Letchworth and Stevenage. The authority covers an area of 8219 hectares (82.2 square kilometres, or 31.7 square miles). The Ward with the largest area is Chase, representing 20.96% of the total area.

Enfield is the name of the local authority although parts of the area it covers share that name, including its use by the Royal Mail in having EN postal districts (EN1, EN2 and EN3). A significant proportion of the borough’s population live in London postal districts (N9, N11, N13, N14, N18, and N21).


The main area distinctions are between Enfield, Edmonton and Southgate (the old boroughs familiar to longstanding residents). Enfield Council is a unitary authority, having responsibility for a wide range of services although as one of the 33 London boroughs it is also served by the Greater London Authority group, for transport, police and emergency services. The Council is currently Labour Party controlled and is composed of 63 councillors representing 21 wards. The Council Tax for a Band D property in 2017/18 is £1,481.25 compared to a London average of £1,365.51.


Demographics Descriptive Demographic Statistics (GLA Borough Profile) Theme

Demography

Diversity

Indicator GLA Population Estimate 2017* GLA Household Estimate 2017 Inland Area (Hectares) Population density (per hectare) 2017 Average Age, 2017 Proportion of population aged 0-15, 2015 Proportion of population of working-age, 2015 Proportion of population aged 65 and over, 2015 Net internal migration (2015) Net international migration (2015) Net natural change (2015) % of resident population born abroad (2015) Largest migrant population by country of birth (2011) % of largest migrant population (2011) Second largest migrant population by country of birth (2011) % of second largest migrant population (2011) Third largest migrant population by country of birth (2011) % of third largest migrant population (2011) % of population from BAME groups (2013) % people aged 3+ whose main language is not English (2011 census) Overseas nationals entering the UK (NINo), (2015/16) New migrant (NINo) rates, (2015/16) Largest migrant population arrived during 2015/16 Second largest migrant population arrived during 2015/16 Third largest migrant population arrived during 2015/16

Enfield 333000 130328 8083 41 36 23 64 13 -2077 3164 2769

London 8835500 3601963 157215 56 36 14 74 13 -77535 133901 78370

35

37

Turkey 4

India 3

Cyprus 4

Poland 2

Poland 2 42

Ireland 2 43

23

22

9259 44 Romania

318543 54 Romania

Bulgaria

Italy

Poland

Spain

*This is the population estimate from the GLA Borough profile. It is the council’s normal practice to use the ONS MidYear Population Estimate when referencing current population. (See Below)


Population size At Mid-2016 the population was estimated to be 331,395 (according to the Office for National Statistics) an increase of 5.56% since 2011, making Enfield the 5th largest amongst the 33 London boroughs, having been overtaken by Newham as the 4th largest London borough in 2015.

The graph below shows the rankings of London Boroughs based on their ranking and population size.

 ONS 2016 Midyear Estimates The graph below shows Enfield’s population growth from 2011-2016

 ONS 2016 Midyear Estimates


Females and Males made up 51.18% and 48.82% respectively of the total population. However since 2011 the male population has increased significantly by 6.78% compared to 4.43% of the female population. The graph below shows the gender growth of Enfield residents from 2011-2016...

 ONS 2016 Midyear Estimates


Age Profile Enfield’s age profile is proportionately distributed between the sexes but, compared to the rest of London averages it has a higher number of young people aged 0-15. The latest projections to use are the ONS 2016 Mid-Year Trend based projections. The five year age band results for persons for Mid-2016 are:

Age Band 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ All ages

Enfield % of Population 25077 7.57% 24856 7.50% 21319 6.43% 20192 6.09% 20130 6.07% 25660 7.74% 26144 7.89% 24502 7.39% 22390 6.76% 23577 7.11% 22461 6.78% 18422 5.56% 14109 4.26% 12319 3.72% 10220 3.08% 8101 2.44% 6095 1.84% 5821 1.76% 331395 100.00%


Enfield residents, by age

The child, working age and older population results by gender are:

Age Band 0-15 16-64 65+ All ages

Male

% of Male Female % of Female 38777 23.97% 36560 21.56% 104207 64.41% 109295 64.44% 18814 11.63% 23742 14.00% 161798 100.00% 169597 100.00%

Population changes The future population trend is now highly uncertain. According to the latest Greater London Authority projections it could grow to between 348,500 and 354,300 at 2021, with the variation between these figures demonstrating the present level of uncertainty even in the short term. The graph below shows the possible changes to each five year age band from 2016 to 2025. Edmonton Green is the ward with the largest population in Enfield. Grange is the least populated ward.


Age band changes, 2016– 2025

Ethnic and Cultural Diversity The most demographically distinguishing feature about Enfield is its combination of particular ethnic groups as shown by the 2011 Census data. Compared to the average for London boroughs, that data showed a slightly smaller White UK group (at 40.5% of total population), and relatively large numbers in the ‘Other White’ group (18.2%) and in Black groups (17.2%), The ‘Other White’ group is composed largely of Greek and Turkish Cypriots and Turkish. On the basis of the numbers of written in answers to the Census, Enfield has the highest numbers of Cypriot, Greek, Turkish and Albanian in England & Wales. Ethnicity estimates are produced in-house, using data from the 2001 and 2011 Censuses and the 2016 School Census conducted by the local education authority (LEA), The School Census results indicate the changing nature of the population and Enfield pupils recorded themselves under 95 different ethnic codes. The estimates have been made for 22 groups by five-year age bands. Total populations have also been estimated for further groups that make up the Council’s ethnic group classification that is used in equalities. (See table below).


One of the most striking demographic characteristics of Enfield is its rich ethnic diversity. Based on the 2016 Enfield Ethnicity estimates residents from White British backgrounds make up 35.08% of Enfield’s inhabitants with other White groups at 24.71%, Other Ethnic Groups at 6.10%, Mixed Groups at 5.46%, Asian Groups at 10.17% and Black groups at 18.49%.


2016 Enfield Ethnicity Estimates

Ethnicity White British Black African Turkish White Other Black Caribbean Greek Cypriot Other Ethnic Group Other Asian Indian Somali Other Black White Irish Other mixed Turkish Cypriot Bangladeshi White & Black Caribbean Kurdish Greek White and Asian Chinese Pakistani White and Black African

Total % 115859 35.08% 24490 7.41% 24153 7.31% 22796 6.90% 18306 5.54% 16508 5.00% 12905 3.91% 12836 3.89% 11845 3.59% 9373 2.84% 8903 2.70% 7186 2.18% 6867 2.08% 6676 2.02% 6255 1.89% 4606 1.39% 4502 1.36% 4307 1.30% 3978 1.20% 2731 0.83% 2653 0.80% 2580 0.78%

There is no similarly detailed profile for London or the country as a whole. However for London, The Greater London Authority has produced two sets of ethnic group projections.


The first is 2015 Round Trend Long-Term Migration Ethnic Group Population Projections and the second is the 2015 Round Trend Short Term Migration Ethnic Group Population Projections. These two variants have been produced based on the 2015 round GLA boroughlevel projections. The long-term migration variant is recommended for longer-term strategic planning while the short-term migration variant is favoured for projects with a more immediate scope. Please note that these projections make no attempt to account for the possible impacts on future populations of the UK’s exit from the European Union . Both the Long Term Migration trend-based projections and Short Term Migration trend based projections placed Enfield as the 15th most diverse Borough in London with 42.29% and 42.26% respectively of the population belonging to the non-White Group. This is an increase of 1.37% from the previous year, which is greater than the London average increase of 0.96% over the same year. The non –White Group in Enfield is projected to increase by 8.51% which is higher than the London average increase of 6.12% by 2025.This will make Enfield the 13th most diverse borough in 2025. The boroughs of Newham, Brent and Redbridge are the most diverse in London, having the highest proportions in the non-White UK group The map below shows the proportion of the total population that has been estimated by the Office for National Statistics to be non-White UK, as at the 2011 Census.


Percent of non-White UK, by London Borough, 2011

Explanation of map: The highest percentages of the non-White UK group are represented by the red areas, grading through the colour scale to blue, which indicate areas with a relatively low percentage of non-White UK.


Religion The most reliable estimates are those from the 2011 Census; Christianity is the most common religion in the borough in all its different forms (53.58%). 16.69% of residents are of the Muslim faith, and 15.53% hold no religion or belief at all.

 ONS 2015 Midyear Estimates However the ONS produces an Annual Population Survey by Religion which provides an up to date estimate based on the yearly population projections. As shown by the 2015 compiled by the ONS, Enfield has high proportions in all the main non-Christian religions except Sikh, compared to national averages. Compared to the London average, Enfield has both a large Muslim population (19%) and a slightly larger Christian population (51%). The Survey results for Enfield are given in the graph below.


Religion Christian Budhist Hindu Jewish Muslim

Annual Population Survey 2015 Annual Population Survey 2014 % Change 51 54 -0.06 2 1 1.00 3 4 -0.25 1 1 0.00 19 19 0.00

Any Other Religion

7

6

0.17

No Religion

18

15

0.20

Comparison with the 2014 Annual Population Survey, results shows that there has been an increase in the people who identify as having no religion and a significant decrease in the Christian population.


Languages The Labour Force Survey, compiled by the ONS informs that in 2015 the percentage of the estimated adults who speaks English at home is 69.6% a significant decrease of 8.8% since 2009.This fits the trend of Enfield being more diverse with the increase of residents whom English is their not their first language. The top five non-English languages spoken by Enfield school pupils, at 2016, were: Turkish Somali Polish Bengali Albanian

13.3% 4.6% 2.8% 2.4% 2.2%

Taken from the School Census which asks for the pupil’s ‘first language’ – the one the pupil was exposed to during and beyond their early development

The 2016 School Census records 178 languages or dialects being spoken by pupils who live in Enfield. The proportion of all such pupils whose first language was known or believed not to be English was 46%. The 2011 Census estimates indicate that Enfield has the largest proportion of Greek and Turkish speaking people in the country. The estimates show the top five nonEnglish languages were: Turkish Polish Greek Somali Bengali

6.2% 2.0% 1.6% 1.1% 0.9%

In answer to “What is your main language”. %s are proportions of the total population aged 3 and over at 2011.

Other popular languages for which Enfield Council receives translation and interpreting requests are Lingala, Kurdish, British Sign Language and Romanian.

Sexual Orientation Good data on sexual orientation is difficult to find at both local and national level. There is no specific question in the Census regarding sexual orientation; therefore estimates of Enfield’s Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) population have to be quite broad. Stonewall (the national campaigning group for LGBT issues) has suggested that the Government (DTI) estimate of between 5-7% of the population being lesbian, gay or bisexual is slightly low – they estimate the figure at around 10%. However, ONS research in 2015, surveying 325,000 people nationally, provided a figure closer to 1.7%, with London having the highest percentage of adults identifying themselves as


lesbian, gay or bisexual, at 2.6%. This may be associated with a young age structure or the ethnic diversity of the population of London. Males are more likely to identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual than females since around 2.0% of males identified themselves as LGBT in 2015; this compared with 1.5% of females identifying as LGBT. Therefore making an assumption and applying those estimates to Enfield’s population of 331395, the LGBT population in Enfield may be anywhere between around 5634(Nationally) and 8616(London) by the ONS Estimate and to around 33,140 according to the Stonewall estimate. With 3236 estimated to be males and 2546 estimated to be females

Gender reassignment Previously, gender reassignment was considered to fall under the gender equality strand, but the Equality Act 2010 recognised it as a protected characteristic in its own right. There are statistics that show the number of individuals who have undergone gender reassignment surgery in the UK. However numbers are very small and extrapolating from them to indicate how many Enfield residents may have undergone a gender reassignment procedure is of limited use. While some Trans groups have larger and more specific datasets, these are not publicly available as numbers in some areas are such that individuals may be exposed to risk of being personally identified. The Trans community is not limited to individuals currently undergoing reassignment surgery, or those that have completed gender reassignment – transgenderism frequently refers to both individuals who experience gender dysphoria, and are compelled to transition to a gender other than that with which they were born, and individuals more broadly who identify strongly with a gender other than their birth gender and may cross-dress. The closest we can get to a local estimate is to work from the national estimate from the Gender Identity Research and Education Society (GIRES). GIRES estimates that in the UK around 650,000 people, 1% of the population, are estimated to experience some degree of gender non-conformity. Most of them are as yet invisible. However, information via the internet, stronger laws, more support groups, increasingly responsible media reporting and improving healthcare are contributing to rapid growth in the number of gender non-conforming people confident in being visible, especially among the young. The growth rates of those seeking medical care are +20% p.a. among adults (who currently account for the majority cases) and 50% p.a. among young people. This growth looks set to continue. About 26,000 individuals have so far sought medical care; in general practice or specialist centres, but a further 100,000 may do so in the near future. If these numbers are correct and Enfield’s population of 331,395, were exactly typical of that population this will equate to 3314 individuals with some degree of gender non-conformity.

Disability The most reliable data to quantify the level of the disabled population in any area is that from the 2011 Census. The question asked in the Census was:


Are your day-to-day activities limited because of a health problem or disability which has lasted, or is expected to last, at least 12 months? Subsequent estimates are produced by applying the rates of disability by age to the latest population projections. This results in a total disabled population at mid-2015 of: 51342

15.49%

The breakdown by age is: Age Band

Enfield Day-to-day activities limited a lot 75337 1031 213502 11658 42556 11622 331395 24311

0-15 16-64 65+ All ages  ONS 2016 Midyear Estimates

Day-to-day activities limited a little 1300 14756 10975 27031

Disabled Rate Of Disability 2331 26414 22597 51342

3.09% 12.37% 53.10% 15.49%

Projecting Older People Population Information, at: Projecting Older People Population Information System Note: registration is required to access the estimates.

Marriage and Civil Partnership As at December 2016 9 civil partnerships had been registered in Enfield. Between January 2016 and December 2016, 6 civil partnerships were converted to marriages in Enfield. Latest figures show that 745 marriages were registered in Enfield in 2016;


Socio-Economic Factors Deprivation The Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) released the latest round of the English Indices of Deprivation in September 2015. The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is an overall measure of deprivation calculated for every Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) in England. It is made up of aggregated indices of deprivation for seven main domains or types (plus two subdomains), each of which is weighted in accordance with its effect upon overall poverty. The domains of deprivation examined are: 1. Income, including a. Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI), and b. Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) 2. Employment 3. Education Skills and Training deprivation 4. Health Deprivation and Disability 5. Crime Deprivation 6. Barriers to Housing and Service 7. Living Environment

The DCLG also produces borough-level indices of deprivation. This is calculated from the average deprivation scores of all the LSOAs within that borough. Borough level rankings (rank of average score) are compiled from these.

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2015 Enfield’s ranking compared with other local authorities in England remained at the same as in 2010: Enfield is the 64th most deprived local authority in England overall, and Enfield’s average deprivation score has not worsened in those five years. However, Enfield has become relatively more deprived when compared with other London boroughs. In 2010, Enfield was the 14th most deprived borough in London, whereas in 2015 it was the 12th most deprived. The map below shows the spread of overall deprivation among London boroughs. The deep red areas are the boroughs in the highest quintile of deprivation nationally.


© Crown Copyright and Database rights 2015 Ordnance Survey Licence no. 100019820 The map below shows the locations of the most and least deprived Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in Enfield. Dark red areas are those with the greatest deprivation levels.


© Crown Copyright and Database rights 2015 Ordnance Survey Licence no. 100019820


Individual Domains of Deprivation – Enfield ranking

Income Deprivation

Enfield displays high deprivation in this domain – it is ranked the 25th most income-deprived borough in England (according to the rank of average score) and the 6th most deprived in London, with only Tower Hamlets, Barking and Dagenham, Hackney, Islington and Newham occupying higher deprivation rankings.

Employment:

Enfield is the 88th most deprived borough (out of 326) on the employment measure and the 7th most deprived (out of 33) in London.

Education, Skills and Training

Enfield’s national rank is a relatively non-deprived 144. It should be noted, however that the London authorities in general have tended to perform much better in this domain than local authority areas in the provinces, and all but five London authorities are in the bottom half (ie the least deprived half) of the rankings. Enfield is the fourth most deprived area in London on this measure, so comparatively disadvantaged compared to our metropolitan neighbours.

Health deprivation and disability

The Health Deprivation and Disability Domain measure the risk of premature death and the impairment of quality of life through poor physical or mental health. The domain measures morbidity, disability and premature mortality but not aspects of behaviour or environment that may be predictive of future health deprivation. On this measure, Enfield is relatively non-deprived: the borough ranked 189 nationally – firmly within the bottom (i.e. less deprived) half of the rankings. In relation to the rest of London, Enfield ranks 20 out of the 33 boroughs.

Crime

This is a measure of the risk of personal and material victimisation at local level. Enfield has a high deprivation ranking nationally, being the 23rd highest in England, and 13th highest in London. London boroughs generally rank highly in this measure, with 8 of the 10 most deprived authority areas being in London.

Barriers to Housing and Services

This is another domain in which London authorities feature heavily in the higher deprivation rankings, with nine of the top ten most deprived authority areas located in the capital. This reflects the relative unaffordability of accommodation in London. Enfield’s national ranking is high at 16, while within London, Enfield ranks 10th.

Produced by Information and Research Team, Performance Management Hub, Chief Executive’s Unit, Enfield Council Living Environment

The Living Environment Deprivation Domain measures the quality of the local environment within two distinct sub-domains: ‘The ‘indoors’ living environment measures the quality of housing; while the ‘outdoors’ living environment contains measures of air quality and road traffic accidents.’ [DCLG definition]

Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI) Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOP)

Enfield ranked 93rd nationally and 23rd in London, making it one of the lessdeprived London authorities. This index measures the proportion of children aged 0 to 15 years living in income deprived households and is a subset of the Income Deprivation Index. Enfield is the 13th most deprived borough nationally and the 5th most deprived in London. Income deprivation affecting the Over 60s: Enfield is the 43rd most deprived LA area in England, and the 18th in London. Twelve of the twenty most deprived local authority areas are located in London, although, as with several other deprivation measures, City of London, Richmond Upon Thames, Bromley and Bexley show very low deprivation levels in this domain.

The diagram below uses inverse of rank number to show Enfield’s comparative deprivation levels in all of the main domains compared with the London average rankings and the National median rank.

Child Poverty According to official HMRC statistics, as of 2014 (the latest date for which this information is available), 28.3% of all dependent children in Enfield are in low-income families. The definition of ‘low income’ in this case is receiving 60% or less of median income or on out-of-work benefits. Of children aged under 16, this proportion is 28.1% or 20,720 children. This measure includes families where parents are working, as well as those in receipt of out of work benefits alone.


In the United Kingdom as a whole, the proportion of children in low-income families is 20.0%, and the London-wide average is 23.9%. Enfield’s proportion is the 9th highest of all London boroughs. [Updated 3 Jan 2017] The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) publish the number of children living in households claiming Out of Work benefits (including Jobseekers’ Allowance, Employment and Support Allowance, Income Support, PIP/DLA). As at May 2015, 15,170, children in Enfield were in such households (the highest number of all local authorities in London), representing 17.4% of the population of 0-18 year olds (according to the ONS mid-year population estimate). This was a fall of over 1,700 children since May 2014. As a proportion of local people aged 0-18, Enfield had the eighth highest percentage in London.

Household Incomes Estimates supplied by CACI Ltd for 2016 indicate that the mean gross household income in the borough was £40,000. This is higher than the Great Britain average of £37,400, but somewhat lower than the Outer London average of £43,900. Enfield’s median household income (arguably, a more meaningful statistical measure of the average) is £32,300, which is the 10th lowest of the 33 London boroughs and lower than the Outer London average. Within the borough, there are clear differences in income between the western and eastern parts, with median incomes in the most affluent areas being almost twice those of the least affluent. As of December 2016, just over 33,000, or around 26%, of households in the borough were in receipt of Council Tax Support. There were 34,000 households for whom Enfield Council were paying Housing Benefit.

Employment Rates In the year to June 2016, the employment rate of working age people in the borough (i.e. those aged between 16 and 64 years) was 71.2% (representing 151,200 people). This represents a slight fall in both numbers and proportion on the year to June 2015. However, the number and rate of employment is still higher than in the year 2010-2011, when the proportion was just under 63%. Currently, Enfield’s proportion of employed people is than the London and Great Britain averages (73.2% and 73.8% respectively). Around 56% of people of people aged 16-64 are employees, with just under 15% being self-employed. The rate of self-employment in Enfield is significantly higher than in London (13.3%) and in Great Britain (10.3%) as a whole. [updated 4/1/17]

Worklessness / Unemployment Produced by Information and Research Team, Performance Management Hub, Chief Executive’s Unit, Enfield Council

The number of people of working age on Out of Work benefits in Enfield was 19,590 as of May 2016, representing an estimated 9.3% of the working age population. Both the number and the rate have fallen significantly since May 2011, when the rate was 14.4%. On average, the proportion of people receiving out of work benefits in London as a whole was 7.7%. When considering unemployment rates, these are defined by the International Labour Organisation as the proportion of people who are economically active, but unemployed: in other words, able to do paid employment and ready to start work immediately. The ONS Annual Population Survey estimates that in Enfield, in the year to June 2016 (the most recent period for which data are available), 5.8% of economically active working-age people were was unemployed, compared with 6.2% in London and 5.2% in Great Britain on average.

Unemployment rates in Enfield, Great Britain and London (from Annual Population Survey)

[Updated 04/01/17] Crime According to official crime summary data published by the Metropolitan Police, the number of notifiable offences committed in Enfield between April 2015 and March 2016 was 22,945 – an increase of around 3% on the previous year. The crime rate for this period was 6.99 per 100 residents (using the ONS 2015 mid-year population estimate as the denominator). The average London-wide crime rate for the same period was 8.5 per 100. In Enfield, the three most common types of recorded crime were Theft and Handling, Violence against the Person (excluding sexual offences) and Burglary.


The most recent crime statistics are available on the Metropolitan Police’s Crime Mapping Service website. Other police and crime statistics can be viewed via the GLA’s London Data store pages on crime. Enfield’s Sanction Detection rate for 2015/16 was 19%, the same as that for the Metropolitan Police Service overall. In 2013 the Home Office introduced the Outcomes framework, as a more comprehensive record of police actions against crime. These can be accessed at police force level via the government webpage: Police Recorded Crime and Outcomes . Antisocial Behaviour Data from the police shows that there were 7,255 calls concerning ASB logged in the period 2015/2016 – an increase of 1.7% from 2014/15 (7,134 calls)). Of the main types of ASB logged, the most common complaints concerned street drinking, drugs and rowdy youths.

Health Life Expectancy and Causes of Death Life expectancy summarises the mortality pattern across all age groups and therefore reflects the overall mortality level of a population. It can be defined as the average number of years a person would live, if he/she experienced a particular area’s mortality rates throughout his or her life.


The latest available local estimates from the ONS (Life Expectancy at Birth 20122014) suggest that life expectancy at birth for males born in this period in Enfield is 80.5 years, which compares favourably with the London average (80.0 years) and the England average (79.4 years). Female life expectancy in Enfield is 84.2 years, while the London and England averages are 84.0 years and 83.1 years respectively. The chart below shows comparisons between the 33 London boroughs and the national (England) average. [2010-2014 figures – not yet updated by ONS as of 31/01/17]

However, there are significant differences between different parts of the borough, and life expectancies broken down by gender and ward (and comparison with the Enfield and London averages) are shown in the charts below.


Source: GLA data store (taken from ONS population estimates) Public Health England’s Segment Tool gives more detailed analysis of the inequalities in life expectancy between the most deprived and least deprived areas in the borough, by cause of death. For both men and women, circulatory diseases (including heart disease and stroke), cancer and respiratory diseases play a considerable role in these inequalities between the most and least deprived areas in the borough.


The Infant Mortality Rate concerns the number of deaths of live born babies within the first year of life. In Enfield, the infant mortality rate for 2013 was 3.9 per 1,000 births, which was higher than both the London-wide mortality rate of 3.6 per thousand and the England average of 3.8. A data release from the Office of National Statistics in August 2016 contains information on live births, stillbirths, neonatal and infant death numbers (but not rates) for all Local Authorities in England from 2000 to 2015 (2015 data are births only). Enfield’s infant mortality rate for 2014 can be calculated at 2.1 per 1,000 live births. Official ONS data for 2014 reveal that infant mortality rates for London and England were 2.9 and 3.6 per 1,000 respectively.

2014 Total births Stillbirth Live births Neonatal deaths Infant deaths

EEnfield London England 4,839 128,016 667,351 15 617 2,952 4,824 127,399 664,399 6 257 1,679 10 373 2,391

Stillbirth rate per 1000 Neonatal death rate Infant mortality rate

3.1 1.2 2.1

4.8 2.0 2.9

4.4 2.5 3.6

The Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) is a measure of the number of deaths observed in an area over a particular period, as a proportion of the number of deaths that would be expected in a standard population with the same age profile. An area with a base SMR of 100 has the same number of deaths as would be expected for an area with that age distribution. The SMR for England and Wales therefore is 100. For Enfield, the SMR for 2015 was 95, meaning that numbers of deaths was statistically lower than the nationally expected level. However, the SMR has increased since 2014, when it was 92, and was slightly higher than the London average for 2015.

Area of residence Enfield London England & Wales

Standardised Mortality Ratios Persons Males Females 95 97 93 92 93 90 100 100 100

The map below shows SMRs for all boroughs in London. Those shaded bright red have SMRs higher than the England and Wales average. The boroughs shaded in pink have SMRs higher than the London average but lower than the national base.


Long-term Health Conditions Over 15 million people in England have a long term condition (LTC): a condition that cannot be cured, but can be controlled by medication and/or other therapies. One of the most common LTCs is hypertension, which often presents no symptoms but is a major risk factor for stroke, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and dementia. In 2015/16, 42,886 people in Enfield had been recorded as having hypertension – a prevalence of 13.2% (slightly lower than the England average of 13.8%). However, it is likely that many more have hypertension that has not been diagnosed: 9.7% of adults may have the condition, according to estimates1 by Public Health England.

1

Cardiovascular disease profile: Cardiovascular risk factors – April 2016 Public Health England (http://www.yhpho.org.uk/ncvincvd/pdf/Risk/07X_Risk.pdf)


In 2015/16, 18,381 adults (aged 17 and over) were recorded as having diabetes in Enfield. This constitutes a prevalence of 7.4%, which is the seventh highest in London. Furthermore, it is higher than both the London average of 6.3% and the England average of 6.5%. There were 1,957 recorded cases of dementia in Enfield as at September 2016. The prevalence is 4.62% among people aged over 65, which is the 14th highest in London. By comparison, prevalence of the condition in London is 4.53% and in England 4.31%. To find out more about differences in healthy life expectancy between communities, go to the Public Health Outcomes Framework tool. Lifestyle factors It is well documented that being overweight or obese increases the risk of a number of health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke and certain cancers. Obesity in childhood is a global and national cause for concern. Data from Public Health England’s annual National Child Measurement Programme for the school year 2015/16 estimate that in Enfield,  23.9% of Reception age children and 41% of Year 6 children are either overweight or obese.  These percentages are higher than both the London average (21.9% for Reception children, 38.1% for Year 6) and the average for England (22.1% and 34.2%).  For Year 6 children, Enfield’s prevalence of overweight or obesity is the sixth highest of all London boroughs. The Active People Survey, undertaken by Public Health England was last published for the period 2013-15. The survey estimates that  

39.6% of adults are overweight, and 23.9% obese: 63.5% of residents therefore are carrying excess weight. This is slightly lower than the average for England (64.8%) but is significantly higher than the overall proportion for London (58.8%).

Smoking is the biggest preventable cause of death in the UK and is a risk factor in over 50 serious health conditions including cancer, heart disease, stroke and COPD. The prevalence of smoking among adults in Enfield is not absolutely clear as there are discrepancies between different datasets: The Integrated Household Survey (IHS), analysed by Public Health England indicated that, as at 2014, smoking prevalence in adults in Enfield stood at 13.6%. Annual Population Survey (APS) data for 2015 puts the figure at 16.8% and Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF) figures for 2014/15 put the proportion at 19.1%, although this includes people aged over 15 years, rather than over 18. There are of course differences in methodology between these sets of data. For more information on smoking prevalence and behaviour at local authority area level, see Public Health England’s Tobacco Profiles. The chart below shows smoking prevalence for Enfield, London and England using estimates from the three abovementioned data sources.


APS: Annual Population Survey Outcomes Framework

IHS: Integrated Household Survey

QOF: Quality and

For detailed information about health and wellbeing in Enfield please see the Joint Strategic Needs Assessment. Further information about Public Health is available in Enfield Council’s Public Health pages.

Adult Social Care During 2015/16, 9,429 customers received council-funded services. Over two thirds of these were older people. A breakdown of service users by broad category is shown below.


Data from the NHS Digital - Community Care Statistics page reveal the reported activities of Councils with Adult Social Services Responsibilities (CASSRs) for the period April 2015 to March 2016. During this period, Enfield received 4,040 requests for support from new clients, with around 80% of these from customers aged over 65 years. There were 1,135 cases of Short-Term support to Maximise Independence (ST-Max) for new clients, and 95 cases for existing clients. Long-term council-funded support was given in over 4,200 cases during the year. In Enfield, requests for support from new clients came from 1,650 adults aged 18-64 per 100,000. For the Over 65 year group, this increased to 11,340 requests per 100,000 adults of that age group. Nearly one third of all referrals from new clients led to Short Term Support to maximise independence (ST-Max). The charts below illustrate aspects of demand and delivery of services with comparators of England and a selection of outer London boroughs.


Percentage of Referrals for Support from new clients, which resulted in Short Term Support to Maximise Independence

Source: NHS Community Care Statistics Comparator Dashboard The Adult Social Care Outcomes Framework (ASCOF)2 is a national report of comparative data which measure outcomes for service users in local authority areas in England. The criteria used are measures which are designed to improve quality of

2

http://www.content.digital.nhs.uk/article/3695/Adult-Social-Care-Outcomes-Framework-ASCOF


life, support independence, reduce social exclusion and delay dependency. Enfield’s comparator group is a selection of other London authorities.3

Self-directed care and support for carers are important features of ASC services, particularly since the Care Act 2014. ASCOF contains a number of measures concerning these outcomes.

3

Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Croydon, Ealing, Greenwich, Haringey, Harrow, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Lewisham, Merton, Redbridge, Sutton, Waltham Forest.


Avoidance of social exclusion and empowerment through employment opportunities is another measure captured by ASCOF.

Source: Measures from the Adult Social Care Outcomes Framework (ASCOF), England: Time series of aggregated measures

More Adult Social Care Outcomes Framework data at Local Authority level is available from NHS Digital.


Children’s Services Referrals for Children’s Social Care arrive via the Single Point of Entry (SPOE), which was set up in 2012. Children’s Services in Enfield have experienced a significant increase in demand in the years since 2011/12. During the period April 2015 to March 2016, the service dealt with 4,154 referrals4, representing an increase of 715 (or 21%) on the previous year. There has been a trend of increasing referrals for several years. The number received in 2015/16 was 56% higher than in 2011/12, and represented a rate of around 500 children in 10,000 of the local population. The rate has risen to higher than the London average, as can be seen in the chart below.

In addition to Referrals, the SPOE has also dealt with a rapidly increasing number of recorded Contacts concerning children: in 2015/16, the SPOE processed 25,802 contacts from a variety of agencies and individuals, representing an increase of 31% since the period 2011/12. As at 31st March 2016, Enfield Council was responsible for 360 looked-after children, a rate of around 43 per 10,000 children, which is below the average for London (51) and considerably lower than the average for England (60). Enfield’s statistical neighbours, as identified by the Department for Education are shown in the chart below. Both Enfield and Waltham Forest show significantly lower rates of Looked After Children than the other local authorities in this group.

4

All referrals data from Department for Education via Local Authority Interactive Tool


Seventy Unaccompanied Asylum Seekers were in the care of Enfield Council as at this date – the third highest number of all London boroughs, behind Croydon (430) and Hillingdon (110). As at 31st March 2016, 28.4 children per 10,000 were the subject of a Child Protection Plan. By comparison, the rates for London and England were 37.9 and 43.1 respectively. The latest OFSTED inspection of Enfield’s children’s services, published in March 2015, found that the overall services were good. Among the strengths of the service, the Ofsted report identified “the success of the SPOE at bringing partner agencies together at the ‘front door’”, and describes Enfield as ‘an ambitious and innovative local authority that actively forges joint initiatives’. Youth Offending Enfield Youth and Family Support Service Youth Offending Unit (YFSS YOU) is a statutory multi-agency partnership service that aims to prevent offending and reoffending. It strives for excellence in the delivery of youth justice services. The Youth Offending Unit (YOU) works with young people aged 8-19 who have been involved in, or are at risk of involvement in, crime or antisocial behaviour. The aim of the YOU is to create resilience and social responsibility in young people, using individual and group work interventions to enact change. In 2015/16: 

There were 673 proven offences by people aged 10 to 17 years and 299 young people (aged 10-17) were cautioned or sentenced


  

The rate of first-time juvenile entrants into the criminal justice system in Enfield was 4.12 per 1,000 people aged 10-17 years – very similar to the London average of 4.10. The youth custody rate in Enfield (per 1,000 people aged 10 to 17) was 0.93 – slightly higher than the London average of 0.68 The reoffending rate in Enfield in 2015 (ie the percentage of offenders who reoffend) was 41.9, compared with 43.3 for London as a whole and 37.9 for England and Wales.

Housing Enfield contains a variety of housing styles – Victorian terraced houses, 1930s semidetached houses, council flat blocks and modern houses and flats. The borough has a relatively small number of detached houses (7% of total homes) and terraced houses make up nearly one third and flats nearly two-fifths of homes. The data below are taken from the 2011 Census:

Dwelling type

Proportion

Flats

38.31%

Terraced houses

31.14%

Semi-detached houses

23.52%

Detached houses

6.98%

In 2015, the total dwelling stock in Enfield was estimated by the Department for Communities and Local Government at 123,800, with 400 net additional dwellings added in 2014/15. Average household size in the borough is currently thought to be around 2.56 persons, although estimates vary slightly5. As at 2015, the number of empty dwellings was estimated at 1,907 (or 1.5% of dwelling stock). As can be seen in the table below, at the point of the 2011 Census, rates of owneroccupation in Enfield are higher than in London generally, but the social rented sector is noticeably smaller.

5

GLA Household Projections


Housing Tenure 2011 Owner occupied

Enfield

London

57.9%

48.3%

Owned outright

26.2%

21.1%

Owned with mortgage/loan

31.7%

27.1%

Shared ownership Rented

0.9%

1.3%

39.8%

49.1%

Private Rented Sector

22.2%

25.1%

Social Rented Sector

17.6%

24.1%

Other tenure type

1.4%

1.3%

The supply of social housing in Enfield is very limited. In the period April 2015 to March 2016, 637 social rented properties (a combination of Council and Housing Association homes) were let to households on the council’s housing register. Properties of three bedrooms or more are in very short supply: only 175 such homes were let during this period. By contrast, as at January 2017, there are over 4,000 households on the council’s Housing Register. During 2015-2016 Enfield’s Housing Options and Advice Team dealt with just under 1,500 homelessness applications, of which 1,131 households were accepted as statutorily homeless and in priority need – the second highest number of all Local Authorities in England. As at 31st March 2016, 2,987 households were in temporary accommodation – the third highest number of all English authorities. Property Prices House Price Index data show that as of November 2016, the average house price of all categories of dwelling in Enfield was £395,000, having increased by 11% in the previous twelve months. As the table below shows, property values in Enfield, in all categories of property, are significantly higher than the national average for England and the UK, but still lower than in London as a whole.

Average Property Values All categories Flats Terraced houses Semi-detached houses Detached houses

Enfield £395,044 £290,127 £406,305 £595,486 £928,966

London £481,648 £431,235 £490,560 £566,914 £890,320

England £234,278 £221,917 £187,578 £216,234 £355,920

UK £217,928 £182,404 £175,034 £204,033 £331,359

The map below shows the boroughs with highest average property values as at November 2016.



Despite Enfield’s being within the lowest value band in London, the borough’s increase of 11% in average values in the 12 months to November 2016 represents the 7th highest price rise of all the London boroughs. Indeed, London-wide, the greatest increases have once again been recorded in the cheaper outer and /or eastern London boroughs as can be seen in the map below. The darker pink shading indicates greatest increases.



Average rents Enfield has seen a rise in Private Rental Sector (PRS) rent values in the period from September 2015 to September 2016. Over this period, median rents in Enfield have increased in all property size types (apart from studio flats), with rises of 10% for the ‘room rate’ (i.e. the cost of a rented room in a House of Multiple Occupancy) and 4% for homes with two bedrooms.


Private Sector Average (median) Rents in the year to September 2016

Property size Room only Studio One bedroom property Two bedroom property Three bedroom property 4+ bedroom property All categories

Monthly Rent £550 £800 £975 £1,300 £1,550 £2,000 £1,250

The chart below illustrates rises in the average monthly rent over the periods from September 2011 to September 2016 for Enfield, with London and England comparators.

Education Early years (pre-school) Government statistics on Early Years Foundation Stage Profiles in 2016 show that Enfield performs slightly under the national average on Foundation Stage measures: 

65.8% of children in the Foundation Stage (ie under 5 years) had achieved a ‘good level of development’, which was slightly lower than the England average of 69.3% but higher than the 2015 measure of 63.9%.




63.9% of pupils had achieved at least the expected level across all Early Learning Goals, an improvement again on the 2015 performance which was 62.2%.

Key Stage 1 The percentages of pupils achieving expected and higher standards at Key Stage 1 in 2016 was slightly below the national average in most subjects (Reading, Mathematics, and Science), but above the national average both for the expected standard and the higher standards in Writing.

Key Stage 1 measure 2016

Enfield

England (all schools)

% reaching expected standard in - Reading

73

74

% reaching expected standard in -Writing % reaching expected standard in Mathematics % reaching expected standard in - Science % reaching the higher standard in - Reading % reaching the higher standard in - Writing % reaching the higher standard in Mathematics

66

65

72

73

77 21 14

82 24 13

17

18

Key Stage 2 At the end of Key Stage 2, the proportion of pupils reaching expected and higher standards in Reading, Writing and Mathematics was comparable with the England schools’ average. KS2 Test scores reveal that the percentages of pupils reaching both the expected standard and high scores in grammar, punctuation and spelling were higher than the England average. In mathematics too, Enfield compares favourably with the average for all England schools.


Key Stage 2 measure 2016 % of pupils reaching expected standard in KS2 reading, writing and mathematics attainment at % of pupils reaching a higher standard in end of KS2 reading, writing and mathematics % reaching expected standard in reading % reaching expected standard in grammar, punctuation and spelling KS2 % reaching expected standard in mathematics attainment in % achieving a high score in reading tests % achieving a high score in grammar, punctuation and spelling % achieving a high score in mathematics

England (all schools)

Enfield 52

53

5

5

61

66

75

73

72 15

70 19

25

23

17

17

Key Stage 4 In 2016, 57.8% of pupils achieved GCSE A*-C passes in five subjects at these grades including Maths and English – an increase on 2014/15’s percentage of 54.5%, and slightly higher than the England (all schools) average of 53.5% (England state schools achieved an average of 57.7%) Since 2013/14 the calculations of Key Stage 4 performance measures have been changed. There have been restrictions to the range of non-GCSE equivalents included in the statistics, and only two such qualifications can now be counted per pupil. From 2014/2015 onwards, early entry GCSEs for all subjects have only been counted for the pupil’s first attempt. A Level A levels and AS Levels are among a group of regulated qualifications which are classified as Level 3. 6 Average Point Scores (APS):   

In 2016, the Average Point Score (APS) per entry for Level 3 students in Enfield was 31.78, compared with 31.2 in London and 31.42 for all statefunded schools in England. For A level students only, Enfield showed an APS of 30.35 (compared to 30.46 and 30.44 for London and England state schools respectively). Another measure applied to A Level students is the APS for the best three A Levels taken. Enfield students achieved an average of 33.8 (or C+, expressed as a grade), compared with 33.7 for London (C+) and 33.79 for England (also C+).

A Level Grades: 6

For more information, visit:

https://www.gov.uk/what-different-qualification-levels-mean/compare-

different-qualification-levels


 

11.7% of Enfield entrants achieved three A* to A grades at A level (London – 10.4%, England State Sector – 10.5%) 18.4% of Enfield’s entrants achieved grades AAB or better at A level (London – 18.3%, England State Sector – 18.5%)

Facilitating subjects at A level are those which tend to give students the best options for further education.7 These are: • Mathematics and Further Mathematics. • English Literature. • Physics. • Biology. • Chemistry. • Geography. • History. • Languages (Classical and Modern) In Enfield, the percentage of students gaining AAB grade (or better) A levels where at least two were facilitating subjects was 18.4%. In London overall the percentage was 18.3% and in England state-funded institutions it was 13.9%. More information is available from the Department for Education’s School and college performance tables. There are three further and higher education colleges in the Borough:-



The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London (CONEL) has a campus at Ponders End



Barnet and Southgate College has a campus at Southgate



Capel Manor horticultural college and gardens is nationally known and trains horticulturalists, Land managers, and gardeners.

Qualifications held by adults: The most accurate assessment of the level of qualifications held by the adult population is the 2011 Census. As of that year, 23.0% of Enfield adults aged over 16 years had no qualifications compared to a London average of 17.6% and a national average of 22.5%. The more recent Annual Population Survey for the year to December 2015 estimates that only 4.5% of Enfield residents of working age (16-64 only) had no qualifications (compared with 8.5% for England and Wales), and that 43.6% of Enfield’s working age residents were qualified to NVQ Level 4 and above.

7

http://russellgroup.ac.uk/for-students/school-and-college-in-the-uk/subject-choices-at-school-andcollege/


Local Economy The Lea Valley within Enfield contains several significant industrial and commercial areas, including the Brimsdown Business Area. A number of businesses are located in the area, covering a variety of industries including food production and catering, retail, warehousing and logistics, manufacturing and recycling. Being located in the northern suburbs of a city the magnitude of London, Enfield is likely to be affected to some degree by the economic factors influencing the capital. Analysis in the GLA’s Economic Evidence Base for London shows that, as of 2014, economic growth in London has been significantly stronger than the UK as a whole, accounting for 22.5% of the UK’s total Gross Value Added (GVA)8. As a business destination, Enfield offers low cost industrial space and excellent locational benefits with road links into the city, to the M25 and to the main northern trunk routes, the M1 and A1 (M). There are four international airports and King's Cross St Pancras all within one hour's journey and new transport projects will make travel even more efficient. The Upper Lee Valley is a designated Opportunity Area as identified in the London Plan. At 3,900 hectares it is the largest such area in London and Enfield is a key link in the London-Stansted-Cambridge-Peterborough growth corridor. Central, local and 8

a measure of the increase in the value of the economy due to the production of goods and services


regional government all support the vision for more housing and jobs in the area through targeted and sustainable expansion. Enfield’s 85 hectare Meridian Water development is a key part of this Opportunity Area, being a £6 billion investment which will create over 10,000 new homes and up to 6,700 new jobs by 2035, in addition to a new rail station with upgraded transport links. Enfield Council has made it a key priority to help businesses launch and thrive. The Enfield Business Centre is a one-stop shop for commercial enterprises, providing a range of advice, guidance and resources to support start-up and growing businesses. It has helped hundreds of business organisations to start up and grow in the borough. The recently refurbished centre, located in Hertford Road, accommodates a number of key organisations, including the Let’s Go Business Hub, Enfield Business and Retailers Association, Enterprise Enfield, and the North London Chamber of Commerce. For more information, see Support for Businesses in Enfield. The Office of National Statistics’ UK Business Count for 2016 records that the number of business enterprises9 in Enfield increased by 7.6% from 11,445 in 2015 to 12,320 in 2016. Of these 12,320, 11,380 (92.4%) employ fewer than 10 employees. This proportion of micro businesses is higher than both the London and national averages (90.6% and 89.2% respectively).

Indeed, the growth in enterprise numbers has largely been fuelled by the growth in micro-businesses, as can be seen in the chart below.

9

‘Enterprises’ refers to the number of businesses whose head office is registered in Enfield.


The number of business Local Units10 situated in Enfield in 2016 was 13,775 – an increase of 895 (or 6.9%) on the previous year. By comparison, growth in Local Units in London as a whole over the same period was 6.3% and in Great Britain was 3.5%. In 2015, the business start-up rate in Enfield was marginally below that of London as a whole - 18% of all active enterprises in the borough were new businesses. The rate of business closures in the same year was slightly higher than the London average at 11%. However, the rate of business survival after one year was measured at 91%, while the five-year survival rate was 38%. Business Births 2015

Business Deaths 2015

% Increase from Business Survival 2014 to 2015 Rates as at 2015

Area Number

Rate*

Enfield 2,520 London 100,920 England And Wales 355,910 Great Britain 377,635 United Kingdom 383,075 * per 100 active businesses **per 100 businesses formed in 2014 *** per 100 businesses formed in 2010

Number

18 19 15 14 14

1,515 56,830 231,740 248,055 252,040

Rate*

Births

11 10 9 9 9

9.3 13.9 9.7 9.2 9.3

1-year 5-year Deaths survival survival rates ** rates ***

2.7 6.9 2.7 2.8 2.5

As of 2015, there were 101,000 employee jobs in Enfield, not including the selfemployed, government-supported trainees and HM armed forces. This represents an

10

Local Units are business sites located in Enfield, regardless of the location of the head office.


91 91 92 92 92

38 39 41 41 41

increase of 2% on the previous year and 7.4% since 2010. Just over two-thirds of employees are full-time, with 32.6% being part-time. Over 30% of employment in Enfield takes place within the Public Administration, Education and Health sectors. The Wholesale and Retail sectors are also major employment sources (21% of all employment), followed by Financial and Business services.


Environmental factors Road Traffic Local data is collected by the Department of Transport based on a number of ‘count points’ in the borough. According to their data, there were a total of 843,357.02 motor vehicle miles travelled in 2015. This was higher than all the 14 preceding years and was around 38927.12 miles greater than was travelled in 20141

Car ownership The 2011 Census data on cars available to households indicates that car ownership levels are about what would be expected for an outer London borough: Cars in households, 2011 nos. of households with: 0 cars 1 car 2+ cars

Enfield no. 38,933 51,872 29,111

Enfield % 32.5 43.3 24.2

Outer London % 30.7 44.4 25.0

The following table from the 2011 census outlines the method by which people travelled to work in the borough and London as a whole:


Drive Car/Van or Passenger Bicycle On Foot Public Transport Other

Enfield 47% 1% 7% 43% 2%

London 31% 4% 9% 53% 2%

The table shows that there are clear differences between Enfield and London and whilst there are many factors that need to be considered when interpreting these figures, Enfield still has a disproportionately higher number of people travelling to work by less sustainable means of transport when compared with the rest of the capital. However, the borough has substantial scope for reducing the number of trips made by car given that 30% of existing car journeys are less 2km in length and nearly 60% are less than 5km. 1

Department for Transport Data. This data is published with the disclaimer that only national level road count data is considered robust

Train travel There are four London Underground stations in the borough. Southgate was the busiest station in 2016 as it had been in previous years followed by Arnos Grove, Cockfosters was the least busy station in the borough and it had been in previous years.

Station Arnos Grove Cockfosters Oakwood Southgate

2016 Number Of Entry + Exit 4.65m 2.04m 2.88m 5.65m


Graph above is the number of Entry and Exit at the 4 underground stations in the borough from 2007-2016. Source: TFL. There are 18 rail stations in the borough, of which Edmonton Green was the busiest in 2015/16. There were seven stations with over a million entries and exits. All of these busiest stations had seen increased passenger numbers over the previous year1. 1.

A significant change to the methods used to estimate usage across London stations has been implemented for 2015-16. This should be taken into account when making any comparisons to data from previous years. As the UK does not have a fully gated rail network, a complete recording of passenger flows through stations is not possible.


Station Name Angel Road Brimsdown Bush Hill Park Crews Hill Edmonton Green Enfield Chase Enfield Lock Enfield Town Gordon Hill Grange Park Hadley Wood New Southgate Palmers Green Ponders End Silver Street Southbury Turkey Street

Station Facility Owner East Anglia East Anglia London Overground Govia Thameslink Railway London Overground Govia Thameslink Railway East Anglia London Overground Govia Thameslink Railway Govia Thameslink Railway Govia Thameslink Railway Govia Thameslink Railway Govia Thameslink Railway East Anglia London Overground London Overground London Overground

15/16 Number Of Entries & Exits 28k 978k 992k 120k 3.44m 1.47m 1.38m 2.11m 1.27m 406k 406k 836k 1.86m 560k 1.38m 834k 604k

Source: Office of Rail and Road. Angel Road, currently a little used station with a very limited service, is at the heart of plans for the £6bn Meridian Water development and has gained approval for a major upgrade with four trains an hour connecting the station with Tottenham Hale, Stratford and Stansted Airport.

Buses Enfield is served by a network of 41 day bus routes, 7 school-day only services and 6 night bus routes, connecting the borough by bus with Central London and the surrounding boroughs as well as neighbouring counties. The importance of buses is reflected in the fact that 21% of trips in London in 2013 were made by bus. In Enfield, the 2011 Census data showed that 14% of trips to work alone were also made by bus.

Climate Change According to the latest Department of Energy and Climate Change estimates, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per head of population in Enfield were 3.8 tonnes CO2 per person in 2014. This was below both the Greater London average of 4.2 tonnes and the UK national average of 6.3 tonnes. In addition, emissions have fallen by 31% in Enfield, 33% in London and 29% in the UK since 2005.


Resident refuse and recycling collections The total proportion of household waste sent for reuse, recycling or composting in Enfield during 2015/16 was 35.9%. It was the 11th highest rate of the 33 London councils. Enfield’s residual household waste was 636.2 kg per household in 2014/15, the 24th lowest in London of the 33 London councils. Factors under the control of local authorities, such as collection frequency and capacity, have a larger influence on recycling performance than contextual social factors, although social factors also have an impact. Higher levels of deprivation in a community are associated with lower recycling rates, while authorities with higher rural populations are found to be associated with higher recycling rates. Data used in the BBC News article places Enfield 286th of 351 English waste authorities (16th of 33 London boroughs). DEFRA figures for 2015/16 place Enfield 266th of 351 English waste authorities (11th of 33 London boroughs). Enfield is a much more urban area and has a significantly higher level of deprivation than the top recycling authorities. There are also significantly more people living in flats, maisonettes or apartments and the average household size is higher in Enfield than for those authorities. Enfield provides a higher kerbside residual waste and recycling capacity than the top ten performers.



Greenness and openness About 40% of the Borough’s area is designated Green Belt and there are a number of sizeable parks within the built-up area. The largest park is Trent Country Park with


400 acres of meadow, woodland, and lakes, plus a water garden, animal corner, cafe, visitor centre and a full walks and events programme. Council maintained open spaces account for 11% of the total area of the Borough. Outdoor gyms have become very popular over the last few years and Enfield now has 12 free to use sites spread across the Borough. Enfield also has 10 sites across the Borough that has been protected in partnership with Fields in Trust to ensure their long term survival as publically accessible open spaces. The Fields in Trust sites are Enfield Playing Fields, North Enfield, Albany, Aldersbrook, Tatem, Delhi Road Open Space, Jubilee, Ponders End, Craig Park and St Georges Fields.

Heritage and nature conservation The oldest settled areas are Edmonton and Enfield Town. Market trading in Enfield Market Place dates back over 700 years to 1303. Since the 1870s, Enfield has developed from a modest market town, surrounded by open country and small villages, to a pattern of suburbs on the edge of London. This transformation was triggered by the advent of suburban railways and took place in a piecemeal manner, with former villages being developed into local shopping centres and industries being developed along the Lea Valley. Conservation areas in Enfield reflect this pattern of development and include old town and village centres, rural areas centred on the remains of former country estates, examples of the best suburban estates and distinctive industrial sites. There are 22 officially recognised Conservation Areas including extensive parkland at Trent Park. Some of the smaller designated areas are concentrated on particular groups of buildings of local importance. Enfield has a strong industrial heritage, giving its name to the Lee Enfield Rifle. Enfield boasts a wealth of biodiversity, having important populations of nationally and internationally scarce plant and animal species. It also has a number of important habitats including important grassland habitats and more than three hundred hectares of woodland. There are 41 sites of importance for nature conservation (SINCs) and the King George’s and William Girling Reservoir are designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest for their nationally important populations of wildfowl and wetland birds.


Glossary Baccalaureate

Body Mass Index

Brownfield

Decent home

GCE GCSE Indices of Deprivation

Looked after children

Median Quartile

Super Output Area (SOA)

VCE

The English Baccalaureate (Ebacc) is a performance measure, rather than a qualification, awarded when students achieve A* to C in five core GCSE subjects. An individual’s weight divided by the square of his or her height (kg/metres squared) Previously developed land or land currently built upon, excluding agricultural and horticultural buildings In order to be decent a home should be fit, in good repair, warm, weatherproof and have reasonably modern facilities General Certificate of Education General Certificate of Secondary Education Measures of multiple deprivation and aspects of deprivation, including levels of poverty A child or young person is ‘looked after’ when they are in local authority care or being provided with accommodation by the local authority The mid-point, or middle, value in an ordered set of values The lower quartile is the value in an ordered set of values at which a quarter of all values are lower; the upper quartile is the value above which a quarter of all values are higher As used in this Profile, a lower layer SOA – an area covering an average of 1500 population, defined by the Office for National Statistics Vocational Certificate of Education
