lighting; public art; node, gateway and vista development and enhancement ... the application of kit-of-parts components
C OMMUNITY P LACEMAKING I NITIATIVE
1.0 INTRODUCTION Placemaking is established through the enhancement of a community’s key characteristics - its social environment; access and connections; use and activities; comfort and image. Enhancement of these characteristics can be developed through physical improvements, programming, partnerships, and people. The benefits of placemaking include: •
Sustains and Defines Community Identity establishing community ownership, organization, involvement, integrity, management and pride.
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Supports and Enhances the Local Economy establishing an improved diversity for entrepreneurship, goods, services and employment.
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Builds and Creates Opportunities for Meaningful Contact - establishing improved social interaction, cultural exposure and cohesion, and information exchange.
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Improves Accessibility - establishing a safe, secure and more walkable and pedestrian-oriented community based on a diversity of well-defined nodes and interconnections between different areas of the community.
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Promotes a Sense of Place and Comfort - establishing a visually and physically coherent community, structured through an integrated use of urban components that create a sense of safety, security, sustainability, culture, belonging and place.
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A Community for All People - establishing a range of places within the community that promote a diversity of activities, uses and variation for all people - ethnically, generationally and culturally.
In October 2005, Gibbs Brown Johansson, Stantec and Associated Engineering were engaged by the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo to establish a shared vision and creative solutions for the development of a Community Placemaking Initiative (CPI) for Fort McMurray and region. The Community Placemaking Initiative is a Regional Council initiative, established to address current issues and opportunities related to the ongoing desire to enhance the community of Fort McMurray. Three distinct areas have been chosen for the study - the Highway 63/69 Corridor; the Lower Townsite; and Residential Areas. Key objectives of the Community Placemaking Initiative are to: •
Establish placemaking principles and a design vocabulary (or an urban design ‘kit-of-parts’) for the public realm to enhance the community, enrich civic life and the vitality of streets and open spaces, and strengthen the ‘sense of place’ -- capturing and celebrating the geography, history, culture and lifestyle -- that makes Fort McMurray unique.
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Develop the kit-of-parts within a framework comprised of the Highway 63/69 Corridor, the Lower Townsite and Residential Areas.
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Apply the kit-of-parts to specific implementation projects within the framework to act as ‘quick start’ projects - and catalysts/templates for future development.
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Collaborate with the Steering Committee*, the community and Regional Council throughout the project to establish a shared vision that fosters
community consensus and pride. •
Produce a meaningful, memorable and illustrative final document that articulates the shared vision and creative approaches to Placemaking within Fort McMurray and the region.
The kit-of-parts provides a cohesive design vocabulary for the urban, suburban and open space areas within the identified framework. The kit-of-parts vocabulary addresses, yet is not limited to: colour use; wayfinding and signage; street furnishings; landscape treatments; lighting; public art; node, gateway and vista development and enhancement; landmark development; surface treatments and materials; local and regional material use; architectural integration; vehicular and pedestrian route components; barrier-free design; sustainability; safety and security; interpretation; and year-round use - for example, Fort McMurray’s reality as a true ‘winter city’ . The framework provides a conceptual overlay of where and how the kit-of-parts is applied. Generally, the framework identifies geographic areas where the application of kit-of-parts components--their appropriateness, form, intensity, and arrangement -- is similar. Implementation projects have been selected based on community and Regional Council input. These implementation projects provide further detailed information on specific kit-of-parts components and their application within the three framework (Highway 63/69, the Lower Townsite and Residential Areas) areas. The implementation projects provide graphic and estimate information that can be easily applied into detailed design drawings and construction packages. The Community Placemaking Initiative is an important design guide for future community planning and development. The document has been created for use by the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo administration, their design and planning consultants, and the development / construction industry. The Community Placemaking Initiative is based on steering committee participation, public input, and review and approval by Regional Council. The Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo--through its Community Services, Planning and Development, and Operations and Maintenance departments--will use the Community Placemaking Initiative as a key document in assessing future planning and development initiatives. Future development and redevelopment proposals will be expected to complement, coordinate with, and follow the design directions, ideas and intent of the CPI. Interpretation of the CPI is the responsibility of these Departments. It is intended that this document will provide a shared vision for public realm enhancement and also serve as a catalyst for progressive and well designed development within the community at large.
*The Steering Committee was composed of the following people from the RMWB administration: • Stephen Clarke - Community Services • Peter Spearey - Parks & Recreation • Lesley Arsenault - Planning & Development, • Steve Cook - Planning & Development • Darcy Elder - Infrastructure
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1.1 Community Placemaking Initiative (CPI) Process Community Placemaking Initiative
Section 4.0 - Levels of Applicability This section defines the level of applicability the kitof-parts has in relationship to the CPI areas of study: the Highway 63/69 corridor; the Lower Townsite; and Residential Areas. Section 5.0 - The Framework
Project Start-up September - October 2005 Information Gathering Start-up Meeting Urban Tour Focus Group Session
This section provides a further planning overlay of how the kit-of-parts can be applied to the Community Placemaking areas of study. Section 6.0 - Implementation Projects This section provides design development information for selected implementation projects and is intended to act as a catalyst and example for future action/ development. Section 7.0 - The Next Steps
Interim CPI October 2005 - May 2006 Essence & Theme Development Kit-of-Parts Development Framework Development Implementation Zone Development
Public Open House May 2006
Final Submission May - October 2006
1.2 Community Placemaking Initiative Format The Community Placemaking Initiative is organized as follows: Section 1.0 - Introduction This section provides an overview of the project goals, objectives and process. Section 2.0 - Essence & Theme This section identifies the essences or base elements that give Fort McMurray and the Region its distinct and positive ‘sense of place.’ These essences also coalesce to establish coherent themes that provide inspiration and direction to the Community Placemaking Initiative. Section 3.0 - The Kit-of-Parts This section provides a comprehensive set of urban design components that draw upon the essences and themes, and are specifically suited for Fort McMurray. These components can be used to enhance Community Placemaking.
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This section provides recommendations related to the next steps in implementing the Community Placemaking Initiative.
2.0 ESSENCE & THEME 2.1 Essence es•sence* : Pronunciation: ‘e-s&n(t)s Function: noun Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French, from Latin essentia, from esse to be. 1 a : the permanent as contrasted with the accidental element of being b : the individual, real, or ultimate nature of a thing especially as opposed to its existence c : the properties or attributes by means of which something can be placed in its proper class or identified as being what it is 2 : something that exists : ENTITY 3 a (1) : a volatile substance or constituent (as of perfume) (2) : a constituent or derivative possessing the special qualities (as of a plant or drug) in concentrated form; also : a preparation of such an essence or a synthetic substitute b : ODOR, PERFUME 4 : one that possesses or exhibits a quality in abundance as if in concentrated form - in essence : in or by its very nature : ESSENTIALLY, BASICALLY - of the essence : of the utmost importance *Merriam Webster Dictionary
Creating a distinct and positive ‘sense of place’--or Placemaking--involves not only understanding the needs, lifestyle and aspirations of the community, it also includes determining the base elements or ‘essences’ of our sensory experience of the place-- the predominant colours, textures, patterns, materials, forms, sounds and smells that occur in the surrounding natural and built environment. If these essences are distilled and drawn upon during the design process, they can be used to inform the design, creating a better ‘fit’ with place. Good urban design should acknowledge and celebrate a broad range of essences and contextual elements. The concept of ‘essences’ can also include the psychological ‘state of mind/body’ of a place – for those living in the area and visitors alike. Fort McMurray is a dynamic city for those seeking adventure and opportunity. As well as the peacefulness, excitement, energy and dynamism one can experience in the city, there are the negative effects which may result from a booming economy. Unfortunately - stress, loneliness, fatigue, a lack of a sense of belonging/community are also cited as being experienced by many who live in Fort McMurray. Consideration must be given to how urban design could attempt to mitigate some of these negative states of mind/body, to create more balance in this place of physical and psychological extremes.
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Essences identified by the design team for the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo and environs include, but are not limited to:
3. Materials • •
1. Colours: • •
• • • •
Black/Grey: oil sands; long winter nights. Orange/Yellow: autumn colours of the surrounding forest; reflective and iridescent orange / bright yellow of safety articles; fire. Green(s): aspen / spruce / larch forest. White: snow. Blue: bright summer and winter skies; waters of the surrounding rivers. Northern Lights: multi-coloured light; green, white, yellow and pink/red.
• • • • • • • • • • • •
2. Textures / Patterns: • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
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Forest (soft ‘visual texture’ of the forest from a distance). Dappled Light on forest floor. Birch Bark (smooth, white, sometimes peeling and curled). Aspen Bark (smooth with rough knots). Spruce, Pine and Tamarack Bark (rough, crevassed). Wood Grain (flowing linear and/or concentric patterns). Oil (smoothness/viscosity of oil). Water (various: ripples, calm, eddies, fast flowing). Northern Lights (ephemeral, dancing, shimmering, rayed patterns/shapes). Tire Treads (‘woven’ patterns). Footprints (human/animal in the snow, mud, soil). Fish Scales (intricate patterns, delicate colouration). Fur (soft; bristled). Steel (hard-edged durability, smoothness, sharpness).
Wood / Timber. Steel (checkerplate, pipe, corrugated, smooth, painted, rusted, etc.). Oil / Oilsands. Salt. Water (hot water, steam). Sand / Siltstone. Rubber. PVC (pipe, etc.). Relic (vestige) materials / buildings / artifacts of the bygone fishing industry. Animal parts (antler, claws, bone, teeth, feathers, gut – for snowshoes, etc.). Industrial Hardware – rivets, bolts, clamps, mechanical paraphernalia of industry. Pipe. Geological strata: oilsands, gravel (glacial till), sand, water, etc. Reflective and/or brightly coloured materials for safety vests, flags, helmets, etc.
Forms (including the notions of scale, shape, symbol and silhouette) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Flag Whips. Bucket Wheel. Animals / Fish / Birds (various). Trees (especially silhouette of treetops on the horizon). River (sinuous, meandering form carving out the valley). Buildings. Highway 63 (spine / ‘backbone’, artery). Valley (and hillside). The Snye. Snowmobile (‘skidoo’). Snowshoe. ATV. Rifle. Bow & Arrow. Excavation (void, pit, hole, ‘scars’). Float Plane. Dream Catcher.
2.2 Design Themes: theme* : Pronunciation: ‘thEm Function: noun Etymology: Middle English teme, theme, from Middle French & Latin; Middle French teme, from Latin thema, from Greek, literally, something laid down, from tithenai to place. 1 a : a subject or topic of discourse or of artistic representation b : a specific and distinctive quality, characteristic, or concern 2 : STEM 4 3 : a written exercise : COMPOSITION 4 : a melodic subject of a musical composition or movement *Merriam Webster Dictionary The base elements or ‘essences’ of a place coalesce into coherent themes which combine to define a ‘sense of place’. These themes provide inspiration and direction to the urban design process and, more importantly, relevance, meaning, originality and vitality to the finalized urban design elements – or kit-of-parts. The utilization of ‘themes’ in good design is not a direct, literal translation of forms or ideas, but an indirect reference which may not be immediately—or ever—apparent to the onlooker, but which subtlety informs and crystallizes the design. The design process and the relationship between the ‘essences’ and the themes are not strictly linear; rather, they are a web of relationships that create a multitude of meanings, impressions, forms, and possibilities for effective urban design. The proposed design themes for defining ‘sense of place’ for Fort McMurray are: • • • • •
Community Adventure & Recreation History Light & Darkness Industry
Community Adventure & Recreation History Light & Darkness (Winter City) Industry
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3.0 The Kit of Parts
What is a Kit-of-Parts? The kit-of-parts is a comprehensive set of urban design components specifically suited for Fort McMurray that draws upon the essences and themes defined in Section 2.0. Some of these components are wholly unique to the CPI project, whereas others are created from commercially available components through ‘add-ons’, adaptations and retrofitting. For example, a bike rack may be developed from a commercially available generic model modified with colour, etc. (Refer to Section 3.4.6); whereas others—e.g., a bus shelter--may be designed ‘from the ground up’ (refer to Section 3.6.5). The CPI kit-of-parts are grouped into seven broad categories: Hardscape; Softscape; Landscape Barriers; Street Furnishings; Community Identity, Interpretive & Wayfinding Features; and Architecture. (Refer to the applicability matrix in Section 4.0) The intent is that the kit of parts will be suitable not only within the public realm, but also be utilized, where appropriate, throughout the city. Of course, modifications or adaptations will be necessary for any given component depending on the specific requirements of its proposed context. For example, the final design of any given component within a specific area of the community may vary slightly from the general kit of parts. Key principles in the further development and implementation of the kit-of-parts include, yet are not limited to the following:
Essence & Theme The essences and themes are key to ‘grounding’ the components within the Fort McMurray region, helping to establish a ‘sense of place’ for the community. The essences and themes are introduced through colours, textures, patterns, materials, and forms. Over the long term, it is envisioned that improvements introduced by the Community Placemaking Initiative could help to instill and maintain a strong sense of civic pride, stewardship, and responsibility - as well as a more palpable sense of Fort McMurray as ‘home’.
The primary materials and components used in the kit of parts include steel, concrete, local aggregate/ rock, pressure-treated wood, and select high quality commercially available products such as benches and light standards.
Integration As the Community Placemaking Initiative evolves through its implementation, it is important that urban design components are developed in an integrated fashion with other current planning and development initiatives and corporate policies and programs. For example, the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo has Brand Standards that provide specific font, colour and symbols. These should be considered and incorporated into the CPI and urban design components such as community/ regional identity, gateway, wayfinding and interpretive features.
Accessibility CPI components should be designed and developed to be ‘universally’ accessible. ‘Universal design’ is not limited to those with disabilities, but also includes the pregnant mothers, the unlucky week-end skier, the infant learning to walk, or that a beloved Grandma who still lives alone in the Lower Townsite. In short, the intent of ‘universal design’ is to simplify life for everyone by making products, communications, and the built environment more usable by as many people as possible at little or no extra cost. Universal design benefits people of all ages and abilities.
Safety Safety should be assessed and integrated into all design and development components. This approach has a direct impact on the safety, quality and productivity of a community. The assessment would also include a review of the long-term operations, management and maintenance requirements and life cycle cost and replacement aspects of each component.
Sustainability
Winter City
This project embraces the sustainable policies and environmental initiatives currently being implemented by the Municipality. Sustainable design requires a commitment to the environment and an integrated process where the end result is a holistic solution that maximizes performance and durability while minimizing operating and construction costs and the impact on the environment. The kit of parts and implementation projects demonstrate this design approach/philosophy through: sustainable site design; the safeguarding and efficient use of water; the conservation of materials and resources; and the incorporation of energy efficient principles/strategies. The sustainable aspects of the design of each kit of part element are discussed in more detail in Section 4.0.
Winter City design allows northern communities, such as Fort McMurray, to capitalize on and make winter living unique, comfortable and fun. A functional and diverse northern winter environment can be established through manipulating the form and function of space, plantings, materials, colours, etc. There are many resources that can be accessed, including Winter Cities Forums, which can aid the community in expanding and enhancing its Winter City design innovation.
Durability The durability of materials and construction, as well as ease of maintenance are important criteria for any urban design element. In the Fort McMurray region, climate extremes and the ‘wear and tear’ of round-theclock demands created by a population engaged in, and supporting, intense industrial activity means that urban design elements must be particularly rugged, durable and practical. This reality is reflected in the design of all the kit-of-part elements.
Partnerships & Funding All CPI projects should be assessed, selected and developed with opportunities for partnerships and joint funding. Projects may be partnered with major capital works; integrated into other major community projects (for example AIT Highway upgrades, Franklin utility upgrading, etc); partnered with minor capital projects and private investment (i.e.,wayfinding, bus shelters); or incorporated with operational works through on-going operating funding. All CPI development should be assessed and selected to meet multiple objectives such as partnerships, functionality, accessibility, need, sustainability and safety & security.
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3.1 Hardscape: 3.1.1 Median/ Islands Highway Medians: The potential exists to design highway medians in Fort McMurray such that they appear to be more than open ‘ditches’. Drainage can be accommodated within aesthetically appealing swales that meander and incorporate local rock and boulders (especially ‘siltstone’ – a by product of oilsands mining) to emulate the appearance of creeks and streambeds. Not only would these meandering swales slow down drainage, decreasing erosion, they would also support the growth of attractive native emergent streambed/ pond vegetation and other plants adapted to relatively wet conditions – none of which would require maintenance. In addition, non-mown native and adapted grasses could be planted within the median area to complement the drainage configuration. The section below illustrates how these features can be introduced in a safe and aesthetic approach.
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The highway concept illustrated shows not only median treatment, but also the introduction of ‘bosques’ of native tree plantings at the edge of the highway corridor - a bosque is a dense planting of trees, often in a regular grid pattern. Where native forest occurs along the edges of--and within--the highway corridor, it should be integrated into the overall design/pattern of introduced plantings (i.e., under no circumstances should remnant forest be removed to introduce new plantings). Between bosques, running the width of the highway corridor, are wide rectilinear strips of local aggregates accented with boulders and further articulated with highway markers (see Section 3.5.5).
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Traffic Islands / Street Medians: Typically, traffic islands and street medians are cast-in-place concrete structures used to define traffic lanes. The potential for islands and medians to be interesting design elements is usually overlooked. Trees or other plants adaptable to the exposed, harsh environment (wind, salt spray, and grit/grime) of the island/median can help to soften the bleak visual monotony of some roads – even minimal planting can be very effective. With or without planting, other treatments such as exposed aggregate (or sandblasted) patterns, cast-in-place stone, coloured concrete, and/or sawcut and ‘broom finish’ patterns can turn ordinary medians into something that contributes to community placemaking. Where there is adequate space, trees planted in tree wells or beds within medians make an invaluable contribution to urban character, environment and aesthetics by: defining a sense of space and enclosure; providing shade; mitigating the effects of wind; providing bird habitat; and helping to clean/filter the air of fine contaminants and pollution through photosynthesis and evapotranspiration. Concepts for median treatment in downtown Fort McMurray (e.g., Franklin Avenue) shown below includes deciduous tree planting in raised tree wells separated by areas of exposed aggregate concrete (mid-median) and by raised river stone planters at the ends of the median, near intersections. Median development along main street sections of Franklin Avenue can only be accommodated with the adjustment of on-street parking from angled to parallel parking.
Median treatment along University Boulevard in Montreal includes public art and rugged spherical concrete planters with colourful plantings.
Raised river stone planters Raised tree well c/w tree grate Exposed aggregate concrete Concept for median treatment along major residential arterials such as Thickwood Boulevard is shown below. The median is planted with deciduous street trees such as Poplar, Ash or Elm. The trees could be in raised wells (as shown for downtown areas above) or in wells at grade, or in mulched (with aggregate) continuous beds, depending on specific location, budget and maintenance considerations.
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Hardscape: 3.1.2 Corner and Mid-Block Bulbing Corner and mid-block bulbing have several functions with respect to pedestrian movement, vehicular traffic/parking and the accommodation of streetscape amenities: • • • •
•
Decrease road width at pedestrian crossings. Slows vehicular traffic, creating a safer pedestrian environment. Define distinct parking areas clearly separated from pedestrian areas. Create logical areas for the placement of street furnishings such as lighting, benches, waste receptacles, planters and bike racks. Provide opportunities for tree/shrub plantings and architectural elements which help to create a more comfortable outdoor microclimate.
Recycled Plastic/ Wood Boardwalk
Exposed aggregate or sandblasted concrete
Raised river stone planters
Above and below are conceptual details of mid-block bulbing incorporating curvilinear boardwalk, an accessible ramp with bollards, shade trees in raised tree wells, seat wall planters, and concrete patterned with exposed aggregate or sandblasting.
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Below are conceptual details of corner bulbing incorporating a ‘wayfinder’ (see 3.5.3), an accessible ramp, shade trees in raised tree wells, low planters with feature boulders, curvilinear boardwalk and concrete patterned with exposed aggregate or sandblasting.
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Hardscape: 3.1.3 Pedestrian Pathways The most common materials used for pedestrian pathways are concrete, asphalt, and concrete unit pavers. Concrete and unit pavers are most appropriate in high traffic and high profile areas; whereas asphalt is more appropriate in park areas - where its lower cost and inherent adaptability to installation in rolling terrain make it an obvious choice. With many colour choices and the ability to provide texture with exposed aggregate surfaces, stamping and joint patterns, concrete offers a remarkable variety of design options. Similarly, concrete unit pavers--available in numerous shapes and many colours--offer a myriad of possibilities for patterns and texture in pathways. In addition, unit pavers may be easily removed and re-installed for repair of underground utilities; however, proper installation and adequate compaction under unit pavers is critical so that uneven surfaces due to settlement over time can be avoided. In the downtown area, the CPI proposes that concrete-textured with exposed aggregate/ sandblasted patterns--be used in combination with pressure treated wood boardwalk. The design concept for the downtown pedestrian pathway suggests the meandering flow of a river. Although wood boardwalks are not commonly seen in urban areas, the viability and practicality of the material has been proven in other communities (Refer below and to the right). Pressure treated wooden boardwalk has many characteristics to recommend its use: • • • •
Durable material that is readily available and easily repaired. Recalls the historical use of boardwalks. Provides excellent traction under all conditions. Can be cut to make various patterns / shapes.
Boardwalk on 102 Avenue in downtown Edmonton
Boardwalk in Jackson Hole, Wyoming
Other sustainable boardwalk options include products such as Trex Decking and Railing Products. These products are made from a unique combination of reclaimed wood and plastic. The plastic shields the wood from moisture and insect damage, so there’s no rotting or splintering. The wood protects the plastic from UV damage and gives the boardwalk a solid, natural feel. This product: • • • • • • •
will not rot or deteriorate due to harsh weather, is available in several finishes — smooth, wood grain or tropical hardwood, is available in several different color options, contains no toxic chemicals or preservatives, resists moisture, insects and sunlight., has good traction, even when wet, and is sustainable -- made primarily with recycled plastic grocery bags, reclaimed pallet wrap and waste wood.
Trex boardwalk in Toronto, Ontario
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Hardscape: 3.1.4 Bridges & Overpasses The obvious function of bridges and overpasses is to accommodate and separate traffic flows safely and efficiently. However, these engineered structures may also serve as city and neighbourhood entrances/gateways, enhancing our sense of arrival and departure, and contributing significantly to the ‘sense of place’. The illustrations provide a conceptual approach for bridges and overpasses that function as a grand gateway for motorists - regardless of whether they go under, or over, the structure. The concept illustrates light columns (similar in concept to the Highway Markers – see Section 4.5.5), that appear to buttress the overpass. These features are incorporated to add grace and dignity to the structure. The light columns are composed of a central ‘tube’ light surrounded by two half-sections of large diameter pipe with cut-out motifs, framed by two vertical flared ribs. The light column concept could be utilized on both existing and proposed bridge/overpass structures. The pipe half-sections surrounding the tube light can be themed to reflect a specific essence or relate to an area within the community. In this concept, the pipe sections are articulated with a ‘bucketwheel’ motif, interwoven with a curvilinear pattern suggesting geological strata, water, northern lights, clouds and fire. The bucketwheel can be ‘read’ in other, less literal ways – as a ‘sun’, an ‘eye’, or even as a ‘dreamcatcher’. When the light columns are illuminated, the cut-outs will be particularly prominent. The large ovoid bases supporting the light columns are detailed with coloured and textured layers, symbolically depicting the region’s geology - so vital to Fort McMurray’s past, present and future.
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Hardscape: 3.1.5 Retaining Walls The engineering design for the upgrading of Highway 63 includes a significant number of New Jersey Barriers and retaining walls, ranging one metre to several metres in height. The illustrations and images provided propose a softening and more visually interesting approach to these concrete elements by introducing pattern and texture. As shown in the illustrations, these patterns and textures provide the opportunity to introduce essences and themes specific to Fort McMurray and the Region. The ideas shown include moose tracks, truck treads, and historical motifs.
Details of concrete retaining wall patterns:
Moose track pattern Tire tread pattern
The above illustration shows a concept for retaining wall treatment incorporating a transportation theme (top wall). A detail of the concept is shown below.
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3.2
Softscape
3.2.1 Trees & Shrubs (including street trees) Fort McMurray is fortunate to be surrounded by forest. Although little of the forest remains within the city proper, the valley walls surrounding the area remind the urban dweller that the urban landscape has been carved from the boreal forest, specifically the Central Mixedwood Boreal Forest. The tree layer of the forest is dominated—to varying degrees, dependent on location--by White Spruce, Black Spruce, Tamarack (Larch), Trembling Aspen, Black Poplar (Balsam Poplar), Paper Birch and Jack Pine. The CPI supports and promotes initiatives to ‘bring the forest back’ into appropriate areas of the city, for several reasons: •
• • •
Native species are adapted to the region and, once established or conserved, require little or no maintenance to remain in good condition and to self-perpetuate. This makes a substantial contribution to creating sustainable urban open spaces. Non-native species are difficult to grow in the region, requiring costly care, including irrigation, fertilization and sometimes pesticides. Native species are less likely to have pest problems, thereby reducing pesticide use. Native species in the city support the surrounding ecosystems, lessening the impact of urban development on the natural environment.
Having made the above points, it is true that native species do not necessarily survive well under some urban conditions. For example, several species of native trees do not make good street trees due to their need for relatively high amounts of moisture, intolerance of salt and other chemicals/pollutants, and their lack of consistent form. The most appropriate re-introduction of native tree and shrub species within Fort McMurray is in the large landscaped open spaces adjacent to major roads and highways, and within larger open spaces and parks. The CPI concepts for the Highway 63 corridor make significant use of curvilinear mass planting close to the road, contrasted with highly geometric ‘block’ planting (usually planted in a tight grid, called ‘bosques’) of native trees at the perimeter of the road right-of-way. These plantings will also include some non-native species, but will be dominated by native species – particularly White Spruce and Trembling Aspen. Many non-native species do very well in Fort McMurray and should be planted where appropriate. For example, fast-growing hybrid poplars such as ‘Northwest’ grow very well and are prominent in some of the residential areas. Other trees have not done well, either due to their lack of adaptability to the region or to poor planting methods/conditions and follow-up maintenance. Trials of native and non-native tree and shrub species are encouraged.
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The following provides a list of recommended native and non-native shrub and tree species that should be considered in future CPI planting programs: Native Trees: Jack Pine, Trembling Aspen, Balsam Poplar, White Spruce, Black Hills Spruce, Larch/ Tamarack, Pin Cherry. Non-Native Species: Balsam Fir, Siberian Fir, Colorado Spruce, Colorado Blue Spruce, Lodgepole Pine, Scots Pine, Siberian Larch, Amur Maple, Manitoba Maple, Boxelder, Paper Birch, Hawthorn, Ash, Crabapple, Assiniboine Poplar, Brooks #6 Poplar, Tower Poplar, Swedish Columnar Poplar, Burr Oak, American Mountain Ash, Showy Mountain Ash, Linden, Brandon Elm, Siberian Elm, Swamp Birch Native Shrubs: Low Bilberry, Bearberry, Prickly Rose, Saskatoon, Pin Cherry, Low Bush Cranberry, Green Alder, Raspberry, Buffalo-berry, Honeysuckle, Red Osier Dogwood, Labrador Tea, Willows (glauca, candida, maccalliana), Bog Cranberry, Currants Non-Native Shrubs: Dwarf Balsam Fir , Dwarf Norway Spruce, Bird’s-Nest Spruce, Mugho Pine, Juniper var., Dogwood var., American Hazelnut, Cotoneaster, Sea Buckthorn, Hydrangea, Mockorange, Ninebark, Potentilla, Sandcherry, Russian Almond, Mongolian Cherry, Nanking Cherry, Plum, Alpine Current, Rose var., Blue Fox Willow, Spirea var., Lilac var., Nannyberry, Dwarf Birch, Beaked Hazelnut, Wolf Willow, Creeping Juniper, Common Ground Juniper, Wild Gooseberry, Snowberry, Buckbrush, Common Blueberry
Highway 63/69 tree planting concept using bosques of native tree plantings
Photograph of native tree plantings in formal rows
Highway section in Portland, Oregon with formal planting arrangements
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Street Trees: Street trees are the most civilizing of urban streetscape elements. Many of the best streets of the world owe much of their ambience, comfort, beauty and year-round interest to street trees. Street trees are invaluable not only for their aesthetic appeal and long term positive impact on property values, but also for their ability to create more comfortable street microclimate and their contribution to mitigating urban pollutants, greenhouse gases and stormwater run-off. More trials are required of various species to determine the best street trees to plant in different parts of Fort McMurray.
At right, an aerial view of ‘Las Ramblas’ in Barcelona--one of the most famous pedestrian streets in the world--shows the importance of the tree canopy (Plane Trees) to defining the character of the street and the beautiful contrast that the trees provide to the surrounding architectural fabric of the city.
Above, the two illustrations show the potential impact of street trees and additional mass plantings of trees along major residential arterials in Fort McMurray such as Thickwood Boulevard and Confederation Way.
The importance of street trees for providing year-round interest, shade and a sense of enclosure cannot be underestimated. In residential areas, street trees are paramount to creating a sense of ‘home’ and maintaining property values over the long term. Elm is one of the most hardy, fast-growing and beautiful street trees suitable for the Fort McMurray region. Below and to the left are images of the graceful arched canopies that mature elms provide for the streetscape.
American Elm trees on a street in Winnipeg
Apple trees in the spring in Vancouver
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Softscape 3.2.2 Perennials & Annuals Perennials: Perennials are non-woody plants that die back to the ground every year and regrow in the spring. There are both native and non-native species that are suitable for planting in Fort McMurray. Native species are most suited to planting as part of naturalization and mass plantings. Nonnative species, usually showier in characteristics, are more suited to formal plantings. Although often promoted as ‘low-maintenance’, non-native perennials are not ‘no maintenance’. They require the removal of dead and dying flowers/ leaves, division to promote new growth (every few years, depending on the species), and often require irrigation and fertilizer to perform well. Once weeds are established in a perennial bed, they are very difficult to manage without damaging the perennials. Due to these factors, nonnative perennials should only be planted in highly visible areas that receive regular maintenance such as entrances to parks, public buildings, or neighbourhoods. Native perennials are more difficult to acquire and plant, but once established, provide low maintenance cover that is sustainable over the long term. The CPI proposes that open space areas along the highway corridor, major roads and in some park spaces are prime areas for native perennial plantings. Recommended native perennials include: Twin-flower, Wild Strawberry, Bunchberry, Toad Flax, Northern Wormwood, Lyre-leaved Rock cress, Cowwheat, Three-toothed Cinquefoil, Prairie Cinquefoil, Purple Milk Vetch, Northern Sweet Vetch, American Vetch, Alpine Milk Vetch, Narrow-leaved Hawkweed, Showy Loco-weed, Horseweed, Mountain Goldenrod, Canada Goldenrod, Anemone, Lily-of-the-valley, Alum-root, Fireweed, Common Yarrow, Wild Sarsaparilla, Twin-flower, Cream-coloured Pea Vine, Tall Lungwort, Veiny Meadow Rue, Showy Aster, Cow Parsnip, Bishop’s-cap, Solomon’s Seal, Wild Mint, Marsh Skullcap, Northern Willow Herb, Western Dock, Dwarf Raspberry, Grass-of-Parnassus, Cloudberry, Balsam Groundsel, Brook Ragwort, Rush Aster, Hedge Nettle, Field Horsetail, Arrow Leaved Coltsfoot. Perennial Grasses: Many grasses are perennial, too. There are native and non-native species (such as the grasses included in turf/lawn mixes) that grow in the Fort McMurray region. Mown turf areas throughout public lands in the city appear to have difficulty becoming established as permanent cover. This may be partly due to high traffic, but is more likely due to poorly adapted seed mixes and/or lack of topsoil. The CPI proposes that large open spaces currently planted with regularly mown turf (excepting athletic fields) could be reseeded with more adaptable perennial grasses (preferably native) and mown less - or not at all. This approach would result in far less maintenance required for turf areas and the establishment of a more natural, enduring and attractive groundcover – particularly along the highway corridor and major roadways such as Confederation Way and Thickwood Boulevard. Recommended native perennial grasses include: Blunt Hay Sage, Northern Rice Grass, Rocky Mountain Fescue, Hairy Wild Rye, June Grass, Plains Bluegrass, Purple Oat Grass, Plains Reed Grass, Canada Wild Rye, Blue Joint, Fringed Brome, Awned Wheat Grass, Mountain Rice Grass, Spike Trisetum, Tickle Grass, Water Sedge, Awned Sedge, Beaked Sedge, Manna Grass, Northern Reed Grass, Narrow Reed Grass, Slough Grass, Fowl Bluegrass, Tufted Hair Grass, Common Reed Grass. Annuals: Annuals are non-native non-woody plants that must be replanted every year. They are fast-growing and have showy flowers and foliage. Annuals are effective in mass plantings where large planting beds—or large areas within beds--can be prepared without disturbing existing perennials and woody plants (trees and shrubs) or in smaller numbers in planters— often in pedestrian areas--where they can be appreciated at close range. Like non-native perennials, these plants require relatively high maintenance (when compared to trees and shrubs) and should only be planted in highly visible areas where they will receive regular maintenance.
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Softscape 3.2.3 Boulders, Rocks & Aggregates
The CPI proposes significant use of locally sourced siltstone boulders, rock and aggregates in open space development. These materials are durable, aesthetically pleasing and relatively low cost to install and maintain. Rock ‘mulches’ (from small size aggregates to larger ‘rip rap’) are particularly useful where turf or other plants are difficult to grow – e.g., directly adjacent to roadways where salt and other contaminants preclude plant life. These mulches can have a highly decorative quality when installed in fluid, meandering patterns and where the colour and size of rock are contrasted in bands. Siltstone boulders can be used as accents and focal points within large areas of rock. Local aggregates of various sizes and colours will also be used as decorative elements in concrete (sidewalks, light and signage bases, etc.). For example, the ‘stratified’ bases shown on the bridge overpasses (section 3.1.4) could be achieved, in part, with different sized/coloured aggregate in the separate concrete pours that form the bases for these elements.
Above and below are photos of the incorporation of boulders into concrete paving at Mountain Equipment Co-op, Edmonton
Syncrude Entry Feature - constructed using native siltstone from the mine site.
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3.3
Landscape Barriers
3.3.1 Embankments & Berms Embankments and berms should be used in areas that require physical, visual and sound separation. Key areas include along highway corridors, along the edges of industrial areas, and major arterial roads. As identified in other sections of the CPI document, these embankments and berms should incorporate durable, aesthetically pleasing and relatively cost-effective features such as: native plantings; the use of locally sourced siltstone boulders, rock and aggregates; suitable screens and sound attenuation barriers; and opportunities for public art.
Highway photograph of embankment development complete with native plantings
Above - the proposed concepts illustrate embankment enhancements along major arterial roads such as Thickwood Boulevard and Confederation Way. All CPI components should meet multiple objectives. In this illustration the rip rap and boulder strips create an aesthetic pattern and mitigate ATV and snowmobile use.
Landscape Barriers 3.3.2 Sound Attenuation Sound attenuation walls are a necessary part of roadway design when noise levels produced by traffic are incompatible with adjacent land uses. Most sound attenuation walls are built from concrete masonry or double-boarded wood fencing of heavy construction. The CPI concepts illustrated are unique in that they are comprised mainly of steel plate, rebar and local river stone. The stone is not mortared to create the wall; rather, it is loosely ‘caged’ in steel enclosures with openings that are small enough to contain the rock. The steel plate is cut in curvilinear patterns to create pleasing forms alluding to the motion of flowing water. Corten™ steel—which oxidizes slowly to form a protective, richly coloured patina—should be used so that paint or other protective treatment is not required.
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CPI sound attenuation concept for sections along Highway 63/69 and other major arterial roads
Landscape Barriers 3.3.3 Vegetative Barriers Vegetative barriers can be incorporated in either formal or informal arrangements to also establish physical, visual and sound separation. These can be free-standing or incorporated with embankment, berm or retaining wall development. Using vegetation as a barrier provides year-round interest; a softer, more aesthetic approach; microclimate control against wind, snow and sunlight; and a sustainable approach to mitigating pollutants and erosion control.
Landscape Barriers 3.3.4 Fencing Fencing within the public right of way or within private lands should be selected to provide a consistent type, form, dimension, colour and theme. As shown in Section 3.3.2, separation can be developed in an artistic fashion in high traffic/ urban areas. In other areas, public fencing should be developed with a combination of local materials such as stone and wood, as shown in the illustrations below and right.
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Landscape Barriers 3.3.5 Other Barriers & Screens Barrier/screen elements give streetscapes definition, continuity and interest. In most cases these urban design elements help to maintain the illusion of the ‘street wall’ as well as mitigate views toward less aesthetic elements of the city such as parking lots, maintenance areas and utility infrastructure.
104 Street (Warehouse District), Edmonton - an examples of how very simple structures help to maintain a feeling of continuity where parking lots of other uses have ‘punctured’ the ‘street wall’.
A wood trellis screen with an effective planting of appropriately scaled deciduous and coniferous shrubs provides separation for a street side patio from the bustle of 124 Street in Edmonton - while also making a positive contribution to the streetscape.
Above are examples of how public art can be used to control movement and screen parking lot and open space areas from the street (‘Aurora’s Dance’ by Roy Leadbeater - 104 St. and 102 St., Edmonton)
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3.4
Street Furnishings
Street furnishings are a broad category of urban design elements. The CPI street furnishings package is made up of commercially available furnishings which can be customized, in limited ways, in terms of colour, materials, logos/identifiers, and to some extent, form. Criteria used to select the options shown include their high durability, ease of maintenance, and aesthetic appeal and appropriateness.
3.4.1 Benches The benches shown include steel support structures and arm rests in combination with steel, wood and recycled plastic seat and back options - all from DuMor Site Furnishings. These benches were selected for their durability, comfort, availability and appropriate style. The circular steel arm rests and the perforated steel options, in particular, complement the forms and materials used in other proposed CPI features. Wood and recycled plastic benches provide more comfort year-round than steel benches because they are warm to the touch during cold winter days, and do not become hot during summer months. Wood, however, can be more prone to vandalism and may require more maintenance. The CPI recommends wood and recycled plastic benches only in high traffic areas.
DuMor Bench 131 PL This bench style is available with steel supports/arm rests and either recycled plastic or wood seat and back (Redwood, Douglas Fir or Western Red Cedar). The circular arm rests recall the ‘pipe’ forms of other CPI features and provide the opportunity to incorporate themed inserts (see below). This bench type should be considered in parks and open space areas, the ‘Franklin South’ area, and in residential areas.
DuMor Bench 53 This bench style is available with steel supports/ arm rests and either recycled plastic or wood seat (Redwood, Douglas Fir or Western Red Cedar). This bench type should be considered in parks and open space areas, the ‘Franklin South’ area, and in residential areas.
DuMor Bench 59
This bench style is available in polyester powder-coated 10 gauge perforated steel and in a variety of colours - or stainless steel. This bench can be customized as shown in the illustration above, which has incorporated a ‘tree-tops’ motif on the back and within the circular arm rests. This bench type should be considered in high use areas, such as the ‘Downtown Core’. .
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3.4
Street Furnishings
3.4.2 Waste Receptacles
Of all street furnishings, waste receptacles probably receive the most ‘wear and tear’. The models shown here are from the rugged and practical ‘Hid-A-Bag’ series from Haul-All Equipment Sytems of Lethbridge. The RMWB has selected this unit as its standard waste receptacle. These receptacles are: animal-proof; accessible for all people - including those in wheelchairs; and highly durable (manufactured from ‘galvanneal’ panels - steel with a zinc-iron alloy coating).
Haul-All offers units with cedar panelled sides, as well as some colour options.
Hid-A-Bag - customized This image shows an idea for customizing a receptacle using either steel panels of varying colour or an adhesive Avery or 3M vinyl wrap product. Customizing provides aesthetics and interpretive and/or advertising opportunities.
The receptacles are available as single or double units, allowing for the collection of either waste or recyclables, or both.
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Street Furnishings 3.4.3 Planters (hanging, portable, fixed/raised) Hanging Planters: Hanging planters are beautiful, but must be maintained on a daily basis and should include only plants adapted to exposed conditions. Select areas of Franklin Avenue, the downtown and building entrances are suitable for hanging planters. The scale and placement of hanging planters in relation to the context must be carefully considered. Often, hanging planters are too small and too high on poles/standards to make a noticeable and positive impact on outdoor space. Plant hangers can be purchased as a stock item or customized to further enhance streetscape development. Above & right: Custom plant hangers
Left & above: Stock plant hangers
Fixed/Raised Planters: Fixed/raised planters must be located such that they do not interfere with pedestrian or vehicular traffic, snow removal or sidewalk/median cleaning. In some cases, they may serve as seating or be incorporated into the streetscape in conjunction with seating/benches. Raised tree planters may create favourable growing conditions where ground level tree wells would be susceptible to salt and other contaminants; however, irrigation or regular watering must be provided. Above is a photo of a raised planter in downtown Jasper, AB. ‘River stone’ is an appropriate material for Fort McMurray, especially in the downtown.
Raised concrete planters and tree wells along Rice Howard Way in downtown Edmonton have textured ribs that disguise small cracks, scuffs and discolouration - a very appropriate planter solution in an urban setting.
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CPI median planter concept - downtown Fort McMurray
Raised planter concepts for corner and mid-block bulbs in downtown Fort McMurray
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Street Furnishings 3.4.4 Decorative Flags & Banners Decorative flags and banners are one of the easiest ways to provide colour and excitement to streetscapes and highways. Durable fabrics are still the most common material used for flags and banners; however, in recent years, steel banners have become popular where longevity and durability are important. As with hanging planters, the scale and placement of banners is very important. Banners and flags must be large enough to make an impact without interfering with traffic sight lines or becoming too difficult to install.
Seasonal banners provide visual variety to the streetscape appropriate for the time of year. The concepts shown below are most suitable for the downtown area and along major arterials such as Thickwood Boulevard.
Banners should be designed to enhance and engage the viewer. Through banners a multiple of themes and essences can be introduced to reflect the region or city as a whole, or a specific neighbourhood. Banners can be developed in either standard sizes for streets and highways or customized. They can even be manipulated into public art as shown below.
Neighbourhood Banners: Banners are often seen in commercial areas and along major roads, but not as often in residential areas. The opportunity exists to create interesting approaches and entrances to residential neighbourhoods by using themed banners that interpret relevant aspects of the area’s history, geography, landscape, etc.
Above and to the right are banner concepts for the Dickinsfield neighbourhood in Thickwood. This area of Fort McMurray has several streets named after well known pilots from the region. The Dickinsfield banners celebrate an aviation theme and honour a long list of pilots who contributed significantly to the region’s development and success.
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Street Furnishings 3.4.4 Decorative Flags & Banners (continued)
To the right are banner concepts for the Waterways neighbourhood. This area of Fort McMurray is significant for many reasons, but one if its primary historical features is that the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway terminated here.
Special Event Banners: Special event banners not only provide information about upcoming events, but add colour, movement and excitement to the urban landscape. To the left and right are concepts for the Oil Sands Trade Show & Conference utilizing pipe imagery.
The CPI proposes that permanent standards for special event banners be incorporated into the overall concept for the Highway 63/69 corridor. See Section 5.1.
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Street Furnishings 3.4.5 Tree Grates Tree grates add visual interest to urban landscape--and accommodate pedestrian/bike traffic on busier sidewalks--while allowing water to reach the root zone. For durability of finish, the CPI recommends using non-powder coated materials such as cast iron, Corten™ steel, galvanized steel. In general, steel and cast iron tree grates are more appropriate for higher profile areas in the downtown.
Tree grates may be customized to include logos, street names or other identifiers specific to the RMWB region. The customized tree grates shown at left are concepts utilizing grate models by Neenah Foundry Company. These would be appropriate in downtown main street locations - refer to Section 3.1.2 for application in streetscape and median locations.
The tree grates shown at the left are cast iron grates by Olympic Foundry Decorative Castings & Amenities (RP Series and SMN Series; distributed by Fairweather Site Furnishings & Accessories).
Trench grates (those shown are by Olympic Foundry) can also be selected or custom designed into the downtown streetscape.
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Street Furnishings 3.4.6 Bike Racks The recommended model for the CPI is the inverted ‘U’ type - available from many manufacturers. This style has been chosen because it: supports the bicycle by its frame in two places; prevents the wheel of the bike from tipping over; allows ‘front-in’ parking (where a U-lock can be used to lock the front wheel and the down tube); allows ‘backin’ parking (where a U-lock can be used to lock the rear wheel and the seat tube); and is easily configured to create an intensive bike rack area accommodating many bicycles. For durability of finish, the CPI recommends using nonpowder coated materials such galvanized steel or aluminum.
‘U’ Rack by Madrax
The image to the left shows a concept for a customized ‘U’ rack with a ‘treetops’ motif matching the custom bench design in Section 3.4.1
3.4.7 Utility Boxes Utility boxes are often obtrusive and unattractive. Many jurisdictions across North America have transformed utility boxes into public art by having local artists paint and decorate them with colourful designs. Utility box from San Diego, CA
Utility boxes in Winnipeg, MB Utility boxes in Edmonton: Whyte Avenue Centennial Legacy Mural Project. This project was a collaborative effort amongst the Old Strathcona Business Association, The Government of Canada’s Youth Employment Strategy, the City of Edmonton and multiple sponsors.
3.4.8 Bollards Bollards are used to demarcate vehicular and pedestrian zones while still allowing the free flow of foot traffic. The bollard styles shown here coordinate with other CPI elements.
The cylindrical shape and angled top of the bollard to the right is similar to forms proposed for the Gateway (4.5.1) and wayfinding signage (4.5.4). This bollard is manufactured by Fairweather Site Furnishings & Accessories (Model ‘B-5’). This style is proposed for the downtown area.
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Street Furnishings 3.4.9 Manhole & Catch Basin Covers
Often overlooked, but an essential part of the urban infrastructure, manhole and catch basin covers can become aesthetically pleasing urban elements by casting them to include public art, such as: custom designs, logos, maps, etc. The examples shown at right are by Trojan Industries Inc. (left) and Urban Accessories (right).
3.4.10 Lighting Pedestrian Lighting: Pedestrian lighting adds a sense of security to pedestrian areas, and is a major contributor to the overall character and ambience of the streetscape. Light standards are an important aesthetic feature in their own right – and may also accommodate banners and hanging planters (see below).
It is recommended that the ‘Kali’ pedestrian light fixture by Schreder be used consistently through-out the city, especially in downtown areas. Light is reflected off the circular disc at the top of the fixture, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere.
Tree Lighting: In many cities, tree lighting has come to be popular throughout the year. During Fort McMurray’s long winter, accompanied by relatively short periods of daylight, tree lighting could add delightful and welcome warmth to the streetscape. As it requires electrified tree wells, tree lighting is only practical and economical in high traffic areas., such as Franklin Avenue. Care must be taken to rearrange or remove lighting on an annual basis so that it does not interfere with tree growth and form. Although it’s tempting to want to install multi-coloured displays, solid colour displays are usually the most effective for urban streetscapes.
‘Kali’ characteristics: (1) aluminum cast body with blades; (2) thermally hardened glass protector; (3) glass reinforced polyester cover with Gelcoat type treatment; (4) cast aluminum brackets
104 Street, Edmonton
Old Quebec City
John Hancock Center, Chicago
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3.5
Community Identity, Interpretive & Wayfinding Features
3.5.1 Gateways A one-of-a-kind gateway feature is proposed along Highway 63 below Beacon Hill at the ‘entrance’ to the valley - The Valley Gateway. It is composed of two identical—mirror image—‘sliced’ angled pipe elements that frame the view into the valley and demarcate the place at which one gains a better sense of the special landscape of the area – especially the confluence of the Athabasca and Clearwater rivers. The dramatic cut through large diameter pipes creates an extraordinary form from a commonplace, but vital, component of the industrial infrastructure. The mirrored effect of the pipes also suggests arms raised, as a community, in celebration. At night, during special events (especially during the winter months), the Gateway will create a beacon of light with high intensity LED’s shining upward from within the pipes.
Conceptual image of proposed Valley Gateway at Beacon Hill
Community Identity, Interpretive & Wayfinding Features 3.5.2 Gateway Beacons Two Beacon features are proposed for the Highway 63 corridor: south of the Highway 63/69 intersection and at the Highway 63/ Confederation Boulevard intersection (see Section 5.1). The Beacons are composed of five vertical flared ribs that evoke the imagery of a coniferous tree, and draw the eye toward the sky. The features include a curving LED screen (optional)--suspended by cable and additional horizontal supports--to display news, community information, weather, road conditions, or changing displays of art and/or other historical and cultural imagery. Night lighting is an important part of the feature. An LED is located in the core pipe such that light emanates from the top or from cut-out shapes in the pipe. The outside edges of the vertical ribs are illuminated with linear lighting strips. The tops of the ribs have bright point source lights – like a lighthouse or other beacon. Current technology allows for lighting effects—colour, intensity, etc.--to change every season or every second. This feature is not site specific - i.e., many suitable potential locations exist within the RMWB: for example, the intersection of Highway 63 with Secondary Road 881 at Anzac.
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Community Identity, Interpretive & Wayfinding Features 3.5.3 Information Kiosks (The Wayfinder)
Several Information Kiosks, called ‘Wayfinders’, are proposed for key locations within the Lower Townsite – especially within the ‘Downtown Core’. The Wayfinder is 4.5m in height and composed of four vertical flared ribs--pointing North, South, East and West--around a central pipe element. The tallest rib points North. This north rib incorporates ‘mode of travel’ iconography – e.g., a canoe or plane propeller. The Wayfinder accommodates a combination of information formats—posters, LED screens, plaques—related to wayfinding, community activities, interpretation, news, weather, etc. The concrete base and top steel ‘capital’ elements incorporate patterns and imagery such as water, tire tracks, animal tracks, and clouds – all referring to modes of travel and movement. This imagery is cast into the concrete and/or applied to the steel components with durable paint and graphic film technology. The concrete base also serves as seating.
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Community Identity, Interpretive & Wayfinding Features 3.5.4 Wayfinding (signage) Highway Signage: The CPI proposes that standard Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation signage be complemented with ‘add-on’ signage incorporating appropriate logos, themes, and text/directional info, depending on the highway context.
Secondary Road (intersection) Signage: Similar to the Gateway, Beacon and Highway Markers, this signage is composed of a central pipe ‘core’ element, complete with a laminated glass ‘street or neighbourhood name’ insert, on a circular, stratified, exposed aggregate concrete base. A curving, ascending, heavy-duty perforated steel sheet partially wraps the central pipe. Directional icons are supported by the central pipe. At night, the signage is lit by lighting located in the concrete base, including a light source within the pipe, illuminating the laminated glass and street or neighbourhood name
Street Signage Blades: The possibilities for the design of street blades are numerous. Depending on the location of the street blades within the city, the appropriateness of themes and imagery will vary. The concepts shown below utilize adaptations of the CPI logo for Thickwood Boulevard and Franklin Avenue, while the Morimoto Drive concept draws attention to the close proximity of the float planes on the Snye.
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Community Identity, Interpretive & Wayfinding Features 3.5.4 Wayfinding (signage) (continued) Community Entry Signs: In combination with street blades, the addition of community entry signs can also enhance wayfinding; build community pride and ownership; and provide an opportunity to interpret relevant aspects of the area’s history, geography, landscape, etc. The images below provide examples of different sign and public art components that have been used to demark communities. Note how different materials and forms can accentuate and establish either a very formal or informal approach.
3.5.5 Highway Markers Several Highway Markers are proposed within the Hwy. 63/69 corridor. This feature is 6.75m in height and composed of two vertical flared ribs around a central pipe ‘shade’ surrounding a tube light. The pipe ‘shade’ in this illustration is articulated with cut-out shapes depicting the sun, the moon (in combination with the Northern Star constellation). These images could be modified to apply different themes along the highway corridor. The Highway Marker is used in conjunction with other landscape elements to create a sense of entry and procession along the highway corridor. It is essentially a large-scale lantern that demarcates the highway corridor and ‘lights the way’ into the city.
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Community Identity, Interpretive & Wayfinding Features 3.5.6 Public Art
A myriad of opportunities exist for public art in Fort McMurray. Although usually associated with three dimensional sculpture, public art may take many forms. Building facades can be designed or retrofitted to accommodate murals, reliefs, temporary posters, or multi-media installations incorporating lighting, textiles, projected images, audio and text (e.g. with LED screens). Utility boxes, light standards, sidewalks, retaining walls, fencing, and floral displays all have the potential to become or accommodate—on a temporary or sometimes permanent basis--artistic elements within the city. Competitions involving a wide range of artists (who do not always have to be professional or established) from the community and beyond can help to promote public interest and involvement in the implementation of public art. Proposals such as Gary Bertieg’s ‘Obelisk’ and existing art on the Keyano Campus suggest that support for the role of public art in ‘placemaking’ for the community is substantial.
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3.6
Architecture
Fort McMurray has an opportunity to capitalize on its northern environment and multi-cultural character to celebrate the idea of northern living and give its architecture unique expression . The primary architectural focus of the Community Place Making Initiative is on external building design as it relates to building image, form and quality - in particular, the impact of architecture on outdoor spaces, and especially streetscapes. The intent of this section is not to dictate architectural design, but rather to highlight placemaking principles that can utilize the kit-ofparts to create engaging building facades and entrances as well as memorable outdoor spaces. The following principles and precedent images should be considered when applying the kitof-parts to building types: •
• • • • • •
Utilize northern ‘winter city’ design strategies that make outdoor pedestrian activity and seating areas possible--and comfortable--during all seasons. Design should enhance pedestrian comfort, safety and access to buildings. Utilize sustainable design strategies whenever possible. Support and enhance important views and physical links between buildings and the streetscape. Create identifiable forms and differentiated building types through building materiality, architectural lighting and signage. Utilize glazing (glass) and internal activity to animate the street level and create building facade diversity. Where appropriate, integrate public art into the design strategy - particularly for buildings with long pedestrian approaches or buildings with blank facades.
3.6.1 Building Form & Materials • • • •
Use of local/regional materials can create character & provide context. Incorporate building forms that are appropriate for and complement the local geography, climate, culture and industry. Incorporate a variety of colour and local artwork into building designs. Use materials and textures in a thematic way that provide an identity and character for building types such as, emergency services facilities, community facilities, public transportation facilities and infrastructure facilities.
3.6.2 Building Entrance Features • • •
Use public art and landscape elements to create a sense of approach and arrival. Design entrance features to create shelter from the elements and encourage outdoor gathering and social interaction. Glazed (glass) entrances provide transparency and visual connections to street activities.
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3.6.3 Architectural Lighting • • •
Use lighting to highlight entrances or key architectural elements which create a distinct identity for the building . Feature lighting can be used to enhance building and pedestrian security while enhancing architectural character. Architectural lighting--especially coloured light--is especially effective during the winter months, as it contrasts with the muted tones of the landscape and provides warmth and comfort during long winter days.
3.6.4 Signage & Canopies •
• •
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Incorporate canopies that create shelter from the elements and encourage outdoor gathering and social interaction. Establish common themes, motifs or materials for signage on specific building types. Incorporate architectural lighting to enhance signage at night.
3.6.5 Select Architectural Features Transit Shelters / Stations: Transit shelters are a very important streetscape design element. They must provide shelter, easy accessibility, highly visibility (transparency), and durability. The CPI is proposing several concepts for transit shelters which incorporate theming, imagery (motifs) and materials similar to other CPI design concepts. Inspiring precedent transit architecture is shown as follows
Etched (tempered) glass allows for the incorporation of interesting designs and motifs without compromising transparency.
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1
The following ideas were provided for each of these bus shelter concepts:
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1. Use forms and materials that relate to local industry and the equipment they use to generate project partnership opportunities. 2. Use coloured concrete to represent geological strata common to the oil sands. 3. Signage and graphics can be laminated between glass to create a unifying element for neighbourhood areas. 4. Use locally available and recognizable materials to help create a sense of identity.
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Native plant materials Steel roof system - relating to local industry
Native spruce post construction Open native spruce beam roof for summer shade
River rock seating wall Accessible local trail materials
Durable exposed aggregate surface or recycled wood material
Local material or coloured concrete (strata) base construction with laminated etched glass walls providing year-round comfort and safety
Concept perspective of a RMWB park facility illustrating how local materials such as wood, stone and water can be transformed from their natural state to define and create urban park space and buildings. Using common and consistent materials on public buildings establishes a recognizable form of architecture and character within the community.
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5.0 The Framework The Framework provides a brief overview of how the kitof-parts can be applied to specific areas of the Highway 63/69 corridor, the Lower Townsite and Residential areas. It is important to remember that the Community Placemaking Initiative is an ‘ideas document’ only. It is recommended that the Municipality and community work together to further explore, enhance and apply these ideas into specific areas of the community.
development to the west.
5.1
•
Highway 63/69 Corridor
The Highway 63/69 Corridor has been segmented into seven distinct sections (Refer to overall and specific framework mapping): • • • • • • •
South Gateway Gregoire Park/ Beacon Hill Valley Gateway Lower Townsite MacEwan Bridge, and Thickwood/ Timberlea North Gateway
Key areas of CPI enhancement and opportunity include: •
•
• • • • •
•
Bosques of Spruce, Trembling Aspen & Larch between chevrons. Specific areas of enhancement include the area along Parent Way. Retain existing natural woodlot areas and in-fill where necessary. Chevron strips constructed with rip-rap and siltstone slabs. Markers - on approach to intersections. Wayfinders - on approach to intersections. Special Events Banners - on approach to intersections. Remove existing commercial signage. Median treatment to include serpentine use of rip rap ditch with boulders, wetland forbs, native long grass and native short grass. Future interchange and gateway development opportunity at Highways 63 and MacKenzie Boulevard and Beacon Hill Drive.
5.1.3 Valley Gateway
While the primary role of Highway 63/69 Corridor is to provide a safe, accessible and free-flow corridor for the transportation of goods and services through and within the community, each of these sections serve a specific role in the Community Placemaking Initiative. It is important that all future CPI development along the Highway 63/69 Corridor be coordinated and completed in partnership with Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation.
This section of the Highway 63 corridor descends into the Clearwater/Athabasca river valley providing motorists with an appreciation of the surrounding boreal forest setting and river valley edges. This section of the highway also provides an opportunity to celebrate the geomorphic history and cultural importance of the Clearwater/ Athabasca river valley as the ‘birth place’ of Fort McMurray.
5.1.1 South Gateway
Key areas of CPI enhancement and opportunity include:
The South Gateway provides visitors to the community with their ‘first impressions’ of Fort McMurray. This gateway area also includes the Highway 69 Corridor, which serves as a gateway from the airport and those community areas to the east.
•
Key areas of CPI enhancement and opportunity include: • •
• • • • • • •
• •
•
Beacon development in the vicinity of the highway bend, south of the Highway 63/69 intersection. Bosques of Spruce, Trembling Aspen & Larch between chevrons. Specific screening of the Regional Landfill and portions of the MacKenzie Industrial Park is required. Retain existing natural woodlot areas and in-fill where necessary. Chevron strips constructed with rip-rap and siltstone slabs. Markers - on approach to intersections. Wayfinders - on approach to intersections. Special Events Banners - on approach to intersections. Remove existing commercial signage. Median treatment to include serpentine use of rip rap ditch with boulders, wetland forbs, native long grass and native short grass. Future interchange and gateway development opportunity at Highways 63 and 69. Future develop of a new Gateway Facility to house Municipal facilities (i.e., Emergency services, Parks & Operations, Corporate Services, etc) and as a potential new Visitors’ Centre site. Intersection enhancement (refer to Section 3.1.4) at Highway 63 and MacKenzie Boulevard.
5.1.2 Gregoire Park/ Beacon Hill This section of the Highway has Gregoire Park to the east and business, campground and Beacon Hill residential
•
• • • • •
•
Bosques of Spruce, Trembling Aspen & Larch between chevrons to the proposed Valley Gateway area. Retain existing natural woodlot areas and enhance embankment planting to improve aesthetics and erosion control on the west side of the highway. Chevron strips constructed with rip-rap and siltstone slabs to the proposed Valley Gateway area. Markers - on approach to the proposed Valley Gateway area. Wayfinders - on approach to and after the proposed Valley Gateway area, before King Street. Special Events Banners - on approach to the King Street intersection. Median treatment to include serpentine use of rip rap ditch with boulders, wetland forbs, native long grass and native short grass. Valley Gateway development - refer to Section 3.5.1.
5.1.4 Lower Townsite This section extends from the King Street interchange to the Athabasca bridge crossing. Future upgrading along this section of the highway includes the development of core and collector lanes, which will result in considerable impact to the river valley edge to the west, and Lower Townsite residents and business to the east. Key areas of required CPI enhancement and opportunity include: •
• • •
Retain existing natural woodlot areas and enhance embankment planting to improve aesthetics and erosion control on the west side of the highway. Wayfinders - on approach to each intersection. Special Events Banners - on approach to each intersection. Median treatment to include serpentine use of rip rap ditch with boulders, wetland forbs, native long grass
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• • •
and native short grass - where feasible. Retaining wall/ barrier motifs. Introduce decorative noise retention along east edge of highway. Intersection/ overpass enhancement (refer to Section 3.1.4) at Highway 63 and King Street, Hospital Street, Hainault Street (future northbound collector access/ egress), Hardin Street (future northbound collector access/egress), Main Street (future underpass access to northbound and southbound collectors), and Franklin Avenue/ MacEwan/ Steinhauer Bridge and proposed bridge expansion off ramp lanes and underpass.
5.1.6 North Gateway The North Gateway extends from the Confederation Drive access to Parsons Creek crossing. The approach for this gateway area would be similar to the South Gateway. Key areas of CPI enhancement and opportunity include: • • •
5.1.5 MacEwan & Steinhauer Bridges • The MacEwan & Steinhauer bridges are currently being assessed upgraded and expanded to accommodate future core and collector lane development along Highway 63. Although specific CPI idea development for the bridges has not been identified in this document, it is recommended that the following CPI enhancement opportunities be considered by the Province: •
Lighting, art, railing additions and improvements that celebrate the geomorphic and cultural history of the rivers and “the forks”
• • • • •
Beacon development at the Highway 63 and Confederation Way interchange Bosques of Spruce, Trembling Aspen & Larch between chevrons. Retain existing natural woodlot areas and infill where necessary. Chevron strips constructed with rip-rap and siltstone slabs. Markers - on approach to Confederation Way. Wayfinders - on approach to Confederation Way. Special Events Banners - on approach to on approach to Confederation Way. Remove existing commercial signage. Median treatment to include serpentine use of rip rap ditch with boulders, wetland forbs, native long grass and native short grass.
The following mapping provides an overall framework plan for the corridor.
5.1.6 Thickwood/ Timberlea This section of the highway includes the north edge of the Athabasca River, the south embankment of the river valley, the Thickwood Boulevard and Confederation Way interchanges, and several other access/egress points for the Municipal water Treatment Plant and other highway corridor businesses. Key areas of CPI enhancement and opportunity include: •
•
• • •
•
•
•
Retain existing natural woodlot areas and infill where necessary. Key infill areas with future highway upgrading include the north and south edges of the highway, future interchange areas, and embankment areas on either side of Thickwood Boulevard and Confederation Way extending up the river valley in exposed bank areas. Beacon development at the future Confederation Way interchange as a terminus feature for the North Gateway. Markers - on approach to the Thickwood Boulevard and Confederation Way intersections. Wayfinders - on approach to the Thickwood Boulevard and Confederation Way intersections. Median treatment to include serpentine use of rip rap ditch with boulders, wetland forbs, native long grass and native short grass. Retaining wall/ barrier motifs along the north edge of the Athabasca River, as part of the future highway upgrading and interchange development. Future interchange and gateway development opportunity at Highways 63 and Thickwood Boulevard and Confederation Way. Gateway enhancement opportunities along Thickwood Boulevard and Confederation Way as motorists climb up the river valley. The Confederation Way gateway could be developed in conjunction with the future bridge connection between parcels D & F .
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5.2
Lower Townsite
The framework for the Lower Townsite has been divided into seven (7) key areas. (Refer to overall framework mapping and site specific examples): • • • • • • •
Downtown Core South Franklin Big Box Commercial Prairie Light Industrial Institutional Residential Parks & Open Spaces
Lower Townsite - Image 1
This section includes the overlay of kit-of-parts for the Downtown Core, Franklin South, Big Box Commercial, Prairie Light Industrial, and Institutional areas. The parks and open spaces area has not been included in this document as it will be separately studied and developed at a later date. However, this does not preclude the use of urban design components and ideas presented in the CPI document. The framework overlay for residential areas in the Lower Townsite is addressed in Section 5.3.
Lower Townsite - Image 2
5.2.1 Franklin Avenue (Downtown Core & South Franklin) Franklin Avenue is the unifying spine for the Lower Townsite. Franklin Avenue is divided into two distinct sections: the Downtown Core area (the area west of Franklin Avenue from Haineult St. to Sutherland St.), and Franklin South (Franklin Avenue R.O.W. from Haineult to the terminus of Franklin Avenue, south of King St.).
Lower Townsite - Image 3
In the Downtown Core areas, CPI enhancement opportunities include (refer to illustrations provided to the left): •
• •
•
• • • • • • • • • •
Median/ island enhancement with raised planters and tree wells, rip rap surfacing, decorative lighting, banners, hanging planters and public art. Corner and mid-block bulbing complete with raised and at-grade planting and native boulders. 4 metre wide pedestrian walks constructed with a meandering pattern of textured concrete and wood boardwalk. Street tree planting - raised in curb edge, complete with tree grates. (Structured soil construction approach recommended). Perennial and annual planting in corner beds or in hanging baskets. Boulder and river rock use in medians and corner/ mid-block bulbing. Public Art/ decorative fencing/ gateway features to screen open parking lot areas. Steel bench, receptacle, bike rack, bollards, CB/MH covers additions. Decorative flags & banners attached to light standards and buildings. Public art/ utility box program. Pedestrian scaled light standards and tree lighting. Information kiosk development at key intersections (i.e. Hardin Avenue, Main Street and Morrison Street. Themed sign blades. Public art.
For the Franklin South area, the following CPI enhancement opportunities should be considered: •
• •
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Median/ island enhancement with tree wells, rip rap surfacing, decorative lighting, banners (incl. special events c/w shrub beds, hanging planters and public art. Corner and mid-block bulbing complete with atgrade planting and native boulders. 1.5 metre to 2.5 metre wide pedestrian concrete
Lower Townsite - Image 4
Lower Townsite - Image 5 CPI concept illustrations of Franklin Avenue - Main Street improvements
•
• • • • • • • •
walks constructed with (an optional) meandering pattern (refer to Light Industrial Plan for an example portion of lower Franklin Avenue) Street tree planting - raised in curb edge, complete with tree grates. (Structured soil construction approach recommended). Boulder and river rock use in medians and corner/ mid-block bulbing. Public Art/ decorative fencing/ gateway features to screen open parking lot areas. Steel bench, receptacle, bike rack, bollards additions. Decorative flags & banners attached to light standards and buildings. Public art/ utility box program. Pedestrian scaled light standards. Secondary wayfinding signing and themed sign blades. Public art.
Franklin Avenue enhancements should be considered and completed in conjunction with future infrastructure upgrades and in partnership with adjacent business owners. The Municipality should continue to support mixed-use development and redevelopment and appropriate storefront improvements that complement streetscape developments and year-round pedestrian use.
Refer to Lower Townsite - Image 1
Refer to Lower Townsite - Image 2
Refer to Lower Townsite - Image 3
Refer to Lower Townsite - Image 4
Refer to Lower Townsite - Image 5
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Concept plan illustration of CPI enhancements to the Prairie Light Industrial area and Franklin South
A conceptual cross section illustrations of CPI enhancements to the Prairie Light Industrial area
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5.2.2 Big Box Commercial The Big Box retail area located at the east end of Hospital Street should be developed based on Franklin South components. As with all CPI implementation, Big Box Commercial area enhancements should be considered and completed in conjunction with future infrastructure upgrades and in partnership with adjacent business owners through performance standards within the Land Use By-law. 5.2.3 Prairie Light Industrial The Prairie Industrial area was originally built to service the needs of the Great Northwest Railroad and river barge system. Over the years, this area has evolved to contain mostly service (light) industrial and retail outlets. The following framework for this area could be applied to other industrial areas, such as Gregoire Park and the MacKenzie Industrial Park. Refer to Prairie Light Industrial illustrations provided. • • • • • • • • •
Corner and mid-block bulbing complete with at-grade rip rap surface treatment and native boulder additions. 1.5 metre wide pedestrian concrete walks provided on at least one side of the street. Street tree planting, complete with rip rap surface treatment. Public Art/ decorative fencing to screen open parking lot and storage/yard areas. Decorative flags & banners attached to light standards and buildings. Public art/ utility box program. Pedestrian scaled light standards. Secondary wayfinding signing and themed sign blades. Public art.
5.2.4 Institutional The majority of institutional development in the Lower Townsite is situated along Franklin Avenue or cross axis streets such as Hospital Street and King Street. These edges should be developed with similar components identified for upper and lower Franklin Avenue areas.
5.3
Residential Areas
The framework for Residential Areas has been divided into nine (9) specific community areas. (Refer to overall framework mapping and site specific examples): • • • • • • • •
Timberlea Thickwood Abasand/ Greyling Terrace Lower Townsite Waterways Beacon Hill Gregoire Park Prairie Creek
These kit-of-part components identified for residential areas have been developed to be compatible with both old and new neighbourhoods. Land developers should be encouraged to review and apply the selected kit-of-part components into new subdivision development, while older neighbourhood enhancements should be assessed and incorporated in future neighbourhood infrastructure improvement projects. This could be supported through modifications to the Municipal Development Plan, Area Structure Plans and Land Use Bylaw, which define the standards requested for either permanent or temporary land/ community development within Fort McMurray and the Region.
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The application of these CPI additions, will lower
maintenance requirements; enhance aesthetics; improve wayfinding and community identity; and will encourage neighbourhood pride and potential private property enhancements. Key CPI enhancement opportunities include: •
• • • • • • • •
Median and corner /mid-block bulbing complete with shrub planting, at-grade rip rap surface treatment and native boulder additions. 1.5 metre wide pedestrian concrete walks. Street tree planting, complete with rip rap surface treatment. Bench and receptacle nodes. Decorative flags & community banners attached to light standards. Public art/ utility box program. Pedestrian scaled light standards. Secondary wayfinding signing and themed sign blades. Public art.
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Concept plan illustration of CPI enhancements to residential areas
Detailed concept plan illustration of CPI enhancements to residential areas
A conceptual cross section illustrations of CPI enhancements to residential areas
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6.0 IMPLEMENTATION PROJECTS
From June 1 to June 6, 2006, CPI - public information sessions were held at Peter Pond Shopping Centre and Thickwood Safeway. During this time, approximately 300 people viewed the display and provided comments on the CPI ideas and concepts presented in the display. In addition, people were asked specific questions regarding their CPI implementation priorities. Based on their responses, a list of priorities was established. The priorities (from highest to lowest) are as follows: • • • • • • • • • • •
Lower Townsite - Downtown Core. Highway 63 - Lower Townsite section Residential - Lower Townsite. Residential - Thickwood. Highway - South Gateway. Lower Townsite - Franklin South. Highway - Thickwood/Timberlea. Residential - Timberlea. Lower Townsite - Big Box Commercial. Valley Gateway. Lower Townsite - Prairie Industrial.
To effectively assess each of these priorities and establish a multi-year implementation process, a set of implementation principles was established. These principles are as follows: Meet Community Needs & Values Each selected implementation project must meet the needs and values of the community. To meet this principle, systematic public information sessions should be held every two years to present the work completed to date, re-visit the Community Placemaking Initiative, and prioritize future implementation project options. The Community Placemaking Initiative should be a ‘living’ document that is outcome oriented and responsive to changing needs and circumstances.
from government programs, private and not-for-profit sectors. Incorporate with Operational Works Several projects (i.e. banners, site furnishings) could be introduced and funded through on-going operating budgets. A list of potential items should be established by the RMWB and incorporated as line items in their operating budget. Meet Multiple Objectives Implementation projects should be prioritized and selected based on their ability to meet multiple objectives, which enhance community functionality, accessibility, sustainability and increased safety & security, etc. For example: introducing rip rap strips and boulders along Confederation Way and Thickwood Blvd creates an aesthetic pattern and mitigate Off Highway Vehicle access.
Selected Implementation Projects (Phase 1) Based on public and Regional Council input and the application of the implementation principles, the following areas and kit-of-part components were selected as initial (phase 1) implementation projects (as part of a multi-year process) and a catalyst and example for future action/development. Franklin Avenue (Hardin to Morrison) Selected kit-of-part components: Banners, sign blades, custom benches, custom waste receptacles, & wayfinders. Framework Section: 5.2.1
Establish Synergy with Major Capital Works Implementation projects should be reviewed and assessed for their ability to be integrated into other major community projects. For example, Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation (AIT) is presently planning and preparing upgrading documents for Highway 63. This provides a unique partnership opportunity for the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (RMWB) to incorporate many of the highway kitof-part ideas presented in the CPI. In addition, the RMWB has identified a Capital budget for utility upgrading along Franklin Avenue. This work should be integrated with transportation planning and CPI streetscape development opportunities. Seek Partnerships for Minor Capital Projects CPI projects such as: wayfinding, bus shelters, Thickwood Boulevard and Confederation Way enhancements could be initiated through government and private sector partnerships, contributions and grant programs. Government and private sector partnerships could include: the Federal and Provincial government, the Chamber of Commerce, the City Centre Business Revitalization Zone (BRZ), local businesses and industry, local service and community groups, local and regional utility agencies, and other suppliers/ manufacturers to the region. Grant opportunities work best if there is an established Capital amount dedicated to CPI implementation projects each year. This provides the opportunity to leverage matching or additional money
This is a high priority project for the community. Identified components were selected for their ability to be integrated with future roadway and streetscape upgrading development. Once a development approach has been selected for this section of Franklin Avenue, each of these components can be easily adjusted and integrated into the development approach. For example, by modifying existing angle parking to parallel parking, wider sidewalks and median development can be incorporated (as shown in Section 4.0) with minimum adjustment to the selected components. Other options may be applied, with a similar component flexibility. Franklin Avenue (Hardin to King) Selected kit-of-part components: Banners (incl. special event banners c/w shrub beds), sign blades, benches, custom waste receptacles & tree/ shrub plantings. Framework Section: 5.2.1 These components were also selected for their ability to be integrated with future roadway and streetscape upgrading development along this section of Franklin Avenue.
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Highway 63 South Entry (Landfill to Beacon Hill Drive) Framework Section: 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 This implementation project has been divided into two sub-phases. Phase 1 incorporates components that do not effect the future upgrading of the Highway 63 corridor, currently being developed by AIT. Phase 2 incorporates components that should be integrated through synergy and partnerships with AIT and other community groups and businesses. Selected phase 1 - kit-of-part components: special event banners c/w shrub beds, davit pole banners, & highway wayfinder signs. Selected phase 2 - kit-of-part components: tree planting, median development, rip rap bands, highway markers, interchange and beacon development. . Highway 63 King St. to Athabasca River Selected kit-of-part components: special event banners c/w shrub beds, davit pole banners & highway wayfinder signs. Framework Section: 5.1.4 This is a high priority project for the community. The components were selected as they do not effect the future upgrading of the Highway 63 corridor, currently being developed by AIT. Future tree planting, decorative retaining and sound attenuation walls , interchange development and highway median treatment should be integrated through synergy and partnerships with AIT and other community groups and businesses. Confederation Way Selected kit-of-part components: sign blades, davit pole banners, special event banners c/w shrub beds, tree planting, median development, native seeding, rip rap road edge, community signs, boulders & bollards. Framework Section: 5.3 This project was selected to meet multiple objectives, which include community need and the on-going safety/security issues related to Off Highway Vehicle access, especially along Confederation Way. It is recommended that these components be introduced along Confederation Way and further extended along Thickwood Boulevard in future phases. It is also recommended that CPI implementation along Confederation Way be completed on an item-byitem approach, rather than on a block-by-block basis. The following provides the suggested phasing of development along Confederation Way. As indicated, it is suggested that the rip rap strips, boulder and knockdown bollards be implemented first to address safety/ security issues related to Off Highway Vehicle access. 1) Rip rap strip, boulder and knock-down bollard development (incl medians). 2) Sign blade, banner, special banners, community signs and the Timberlea Athletic Park directional sign development. 3) Tree planting - boulevard and median tree planting. 4) Shrub/Tree bed development & native seeding.
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Implementation Projects 6.1
Franklin Avenue (Hardin to Morrison) Banners & Davit Pole Painting: (16) - $4,000.00
Sign Blades (20) - $9,000.00 c/w light standard painting
Custom Benches (24) $48,000.00
Wayfinders (3) - $90,000.00 (allow)
Custom Waste Receptacles (12) - $19,200.00
Estimated implementation cost: $205,000.00 c/w contingency
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Implementation Projects 6.2
Franklin Avenue (Hardin to King)
Banner & Davit Pole Painting: (57) - $14,250.00
Sign Blades (60) - $23,800.00 c/w light standard painting
Custom Waste Receptacles (17) - $27,700.00 Benches (35) - $45,500.00
Special Events Banners c/w shrub beds $67,500.00
Tree & Shrub Planting $500,000.00 allow
Estimated implementation cost: $815,000.00 c/w contingency
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Implementation Projects 6.2
Franklin Avenue (Hardin to King)
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Implementation Projects 6.3
Highway 63 South Entry (Landfill to Beacon Hill Drive)
Banner & Davit Pole Painting: (48) - $12,000.00
Special Events Banners (40) $108,000.00
Highway Wayfinding Sign (6) - $16,800.00
Estimated implementation cost (Phase 1): $165,000.00 c/w contingency
Tree Planting (5180 lm) - $5.49 M Median Development (5500 lm) - $2.86 M
Rip Rap Bands (33) - $825,000.00
Highway Markers (24) - $ 720,000.00
Note: All CPI highway enhancement ideas are conceptual. Any future development of these enhancement ideas are within Provincial jurisdiction and subject to coordination with and approval by Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation.
Estimated implementation cost (Phase 2): $12,000,000.00 c/w contingency
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Implementation Projects 6.4
Highway 63 (King St. to Athabasca River)
Banner & Davit Pole Painting: (80) - $20,000.00
Special Events Banners c/w shrub beds (30) - $81,000.00
Note: All CPI highway enhancement ideas are conceptual. Any future development of these enhancement ideas are within Provincial jurisdiction and subject to coordination with and approval by Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation.
Highway Wayfinding Signs (8) - $22,400.00
Estimated implementation cost: $150,000.00 c/w contingency
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Implementation Projects 6.5
Confederation Way
Median Tree Planting
Banners Rip Rap Bands & Boulevard Edges c/w Boulders
Knock-down Bollards
Sign Blades
Community Signs
Special Events Banners
Banner & Davit Pole Painting
Boulevard Tree Planting Shrub/ Tree Planting Beds
Existing & Future Walkways
Native Seeding
Secondary Wayfinders
Estimated implementation cost: 1) Phase 1: Rip Rap Bands & Boulevards Edges c/w Boulders & Knock-down Bollards: $2,760,000.00 c/w cont. 2) Phase 2: Sign Blades, Banners, Special Banners, Community Signs & Timberlea Athletic Park Sign: $220,000.00 c/w cont. 3) Phase 3: Tree Planting (Boulevard & Median): $1,100,000.00 4) Phase 4: Shrub/Tree Bed Development & Native Seed Mix: $3,620,000.00
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7.0 THE NEXT STEPS What are the next steps? Firstly, a commitment is required by Regional Council to adopt the Community Placemaking Initiative and to provide the required budget and staff resources needed for its implementation. Most plans or initiatives, of this kind, flounder at this stage because of a resistance to provide adequate resources to properly implement the ideas generated. In response, it is suggested that the required expenditures be regarded as strategic community investments that will yield the following placemaking benefits for the community: •
Sustains and Defines Community Identity establishing community ownership, organization, involvement, integrity, management and pride.
•
Supports and Enhances the Local Economy establishing an improved diversity for entrepreneurship, goods, services and employment.
•
•
•
•
Builds and Creates Opportunities for Meaningful Contact - establishing improved social interaction, cultural exposure and cohesion, and information exchange. Improves Accessibility - establishing a safe, secure and more walkable and pedestrian-oriented community based on a diversity of well-defined nodes and interconnections between different areas of the community. Promotes a Sense of Place and Comfort - establishing a visually and physically coherent community, structured through an integrated use of urban components that create a sense of safety, security, sustainability, culture, belonging and place. A Community for All People - establishing a range of places within the community that promote a diversity of activities, uses and variation for all people - ethnically, generationally and culturally.
In adopting the Community Placemaking Initiative there are several key recommendations. They are as follows: Initial CPI Development: As identified in Section 6.0, several high priority projects have been identified for initial phase one development. They are as follows: 1) Franklin Avenue streetscape enhancements from Hardin Street to Morrison Street, including benches, garbage receptacles, banners, sign blades and wayfinder kiosks. Estimated construction value: of $205,000.00 (c/w contingency). Further streetscape enhancement (eg. Decorative paving and lighting, tree and shrub planting and traffic calming) should be integrated and developed with future capital improvements to roadways and services. 2) Franklin Avenue streetscape enhancements from Hardin Street to King Street, including benches, garbage receptacles, banners, sign blades, special event signage and tree and shrub planting. Estimated construction value: $815,000.00 (c/w contingency). Further streetscape enhancement should be integrated with future capital improvements to roadways and services. 3) South gateway development (Highway 63 from the Municipal Landfill to Beacon Hill Drive), including banners, wayfinding signage, special
event signage and limited tree and shrub plantings. Estimated construction value: $165,000.00. Future enhancements (eg. Landscaping, decorative retaining walls, bridge enhancements, rip rap bands and light markers) should be implemented in partnership with Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation (AIT) and their plans for future Highway 63 upgrading. 4) Highway 63 corridor enhancements from King Street to the Athabasca River, including banners, wayfinding signage, special event signage and limited tree and shrub plantings. Estimated construction value: $150,000.00. Future enhancements to be implemented in partnership with Alberta Infrastructure and Transportation (AIT) and their plans for future Highway 63 upgrading. 5) Confederation Way enhancements from Loutit Road to Tower Road, including rip rap bands and boulevard edges, sign blades, banners, special event, community signs and wayfinding signage and tree and shrub planting. Estimated construction value: $7,700,000.00. Note: Detailed estimates of construction value to be determined as part of the detailed design phase. In addition, it is recommended that the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo undertake the following: a) The development of a public art program for the community (note: previously recommended in the 2001 Lower Townsite ARP). b) The development of a partnership program (modeled on Gateway Boulevard in Edmonton) for streetscape enhancements in the Lower Townsite. This program would become a model for the entire community and could include a storefront improvement program (as previously recommended in the 2001 Lower Townsite ARP); and c) Updates to the Municipal Development Plan, Area Structure/ Redevelopment Plans, the Land Use Bylaw and Engineering Servicing Standards to include the principles outlined in the Community Placemaking Initiative. This would also include any other community and regional planning initiatives being conducted by the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo with other agencies and key stakeholders. This will ensure that future private and public development in Fort McMurray and rural communities embrace placemaking principles. Funding As previously discussed, without an allocation of budget, staff, and further consulting resources the Community Placemaking Initiative is likely to stall out. Capital and operating funding will be required to implement Community Placemaking Initiative development, including funding for further detailed planning and design work. As identified in Section 6.0, it is important that each selected implementation project meet the needs and values of the community. Implementation projects should be prioritized and selected based on their ability to meet multiple objectives, which enhance community functionality, accessibility, sustainability and increased safety & security, etc.
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Partnerships As identified in Section 6.0, Community Placemaking Initiative projects should be integrated, if feasible, through government and private sector partnerships, contributions and grant programs. Government and private sector partnerships could include: the Federal and Provincial Government, the Chamber of Commerce, the City Centre Business Revitalization Zone (BRZ), local businesses and industry, local service and community groups, local and regional utility agencies, and other suppliers/ manufacturers to the region. Grant opportunities work best if there is an established Capital amount dedicated to CPI implementation projects each year. This provides the opportunity to leverage matching or additional money from government programs, private and not-for-profit sectors. In addition, CPI projects should be reviewed and assessed for their ability to be integrated into other major projects. This provides a unique partnership opportunity for the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo (RMWB) to incorporate and implement CPI components. Private and Regional Application As addressed previously, it is recommended that Community Placemaking Initiatives be integrated into future updates to the Municipal Development Plan, local and regional Area Structure/ Redevelopment Plans, the Land Use Bylaw and Engineering Servicing Standards. This would include any other community and regional planning initiatives being conducted by the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo with other agencies and key stakeholders. A key area for Community Placemaking Initiative enhancement is in existing and future neighbourhoods - either permanent or temporary. Through specific planning and standards requirements, Community Placemaking Initiative additions can enhance aesthetics; improve wayfinding and community identity; and will encourage neighbourhood pride and potential private property enhancements. CPI Implementation Committee During the Community Placemaking Initiative development process, the Steering Committee was an important coordinating body and ‘working group.’ It is recommended that a committee be established to ensure that the Community Placemaking Initiative process be integrated effectively and consistently into future planning and development initiatives within Fort McMurray and the Region. Measuring Success The Community Placemaking Initiative should be a ‘living’ document that is outcome-oriented and responsive to changing needs and circumstances. Benchmarks need to be established for how the Community Placemaking Initiative is achieving its goals and objectives over time. It is recommended that an annual ‘report card’ be developed to provide a brief summary of how Community Placemaking Initiative components are being implemented, both publicly and privately. A systematic review and update of the Community Placemaking Initiative should be undertaken every year with specific reference to the implementation criteria and framework information provided in Sections 5 and 6..
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