COVER, 2D Space - Blake Education

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E X P L O R I N G. M A T H S. s p a c e. L O W E R. P R I M A R Y. Activities, blackline masters & assessment pages
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Space Bev Dunbar Activities, blackline masters & assessment pages that are fun and easy to use

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Introduction Exploring 2D Space Space is one of the most creative mathematical substrands, with direct links to your visual arts program. It is also packed full of special language that helps your students make sense of their world. To help inspire you, here are over 30 action-packed lesson plans for manipulating 2D Space concepts in fun, practical ways. Any additional resources required are easy-to-find classroom or household objects. The flexible activities range from simple to challenging, to help you cater for different ability groups. Making your teaching life easier is a major aim of the Exploring Maths series. This book is divided into sequenced units, each packed with enough photocopiable playing cards, activity cards and worksheets for small groups or a whole class to explore for at least a week at a time. You’ll find easy-to-follow instructions, with assessment help in the form of clearly stated outcome indicators. (You can see the complete range on page 92). Each activity is designed to maximise the way in which your students construct their own understandings about 2D Space. Activities are open-ended and encourage students to think and work mathematically. The emphasis is on practical manipulation of materials and the development of language and recording skills. This book is a companion to two other Space books in the Exploring Maths series, Exploring 3D Space and Position and Exploring Chance, Data and Graphs. Look forward to exploring these concepts with your students.

Copyright © Bev Dunbar Maths Matters 2002 Reprinted 2005 Exploring 2D Space ISBN 1 86509 229 0 Published by Blake Education Locked Bag 2022 Glebe NSW 2037 Series editor: Garda Turner Illustration and design by Janice Bowles Printed by Green Giant Press The blackline masters in this book may be reproduced by the original purchaser for use with their class(es) only.

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Contents How to Use this Book

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Sorting and Classifying

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Investigating Lines

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Investigating Patterns

37

Exploring Symmetry

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Constructing and Modelling

63

Changing Shapes

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Answers

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Outcome Indicators Record Sheet 92 Sample Yearly Programs

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Sample Weekly Program

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How to use this Book Over 30 Teaching Plans More than 30 exciting teaching plans have been placed into 6 units to assist with whole-class or small-group lessons. Each activity has clearly coded learning outcomes and easy-to-follow instructions. Activities are generally open-ended and encourage your students to think for themselves.

Over 45 Blackline Masters There are 4 types of blackline masters. 1. Activity Resources e.g. p.31 Worms These support your free exploration as well as structured activities. 2. Playing Cards e.g. p.35 Wiggles Cut these out, shuffle and use over and over again for small group games. Photocopy each set in different colours to assist class management. 3. Activity Cards e.g. p.73 Stick puzzles These are an additional stimulus in group work. The language is simple and easy-to-follow. Encourage your students to invent their own activities too. Laminate the cards for years of reuse. 4. Reusable Worksheets e.g. p.89 Enlarge it Unlike normal worksheets, these allow for different solutions and can be used by the same students again with different results. The structured tasks support your learning outcomes.

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Sticks puzzles ◆

Remove 2 matches leaving only 2 squares.



Move 3 matches to make 3 squares.



Move 4 matches to make 10 squares.

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Sticks puzzles ◆

Move 3 matches to make 4 triangles.



Move 4 matches to make 5 diamonds.



Move 4 matches to make 3 trapeziums.

Sticks puzzles

Outcome Indicators Record The complete list of learning outcomes is available on page 92. Use this to record individual student progress. Try to assess a few students each day.

Sample Weekly Program On page 94 you’ll find one example of how to organise a selection of activities as a 5-day Space unit for a class of 7-year-olds.

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Exploring 2D Space



Move 3 matches to make 3 triangles.



Move 5 matches to make 5 triangles.



Move 6 matches to make 3 diamonds and 1 hexagon. 73

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Corner hunt What are you trying to do? ★ Sort, match, name and draw 2D shapes (2D1-2) ★ Identify corners and sides on 2D shapes (2D1-3)

How many can play? ★ Whole class, small groups

What do you need? ★ A saucer ★ Corner hunt spinners (BLM p.13)

What do you do? ★ What is a corner? e.g. A place where 2 sides meet. Stand up and move to the corner of the room. ★ Trace around a saucer on the chalkboard. Do shapes like this have corners? Why? Why not? e.g. A circle has one curved side but no corners, no pointy bits. Can you think of a shape that has 2 corners? e.g. Half a circle. ★ Close your eyes. Think of a straight-sided shape that has exactly 3 corners. Open your eyes. Draw this shape as large as you can in the air. What shape do you draw? ★ Close your eyes again. Think of a straight-sided shape that has exactly 4 corners. Open your eyes. Ask someone to draw this shape on the chalkboard. How many different shapes can you draw that have exactly 4 corners? Can you see one near you? ★ Go on a corner hunt. Find straight-sided shapes and count the corners. Can you find a shape with 5 corners? Discuss your shapes together. How many sides on each of your shapes?

Variations ★ Do all shapes with 3 corners have 3 straight sides? ★ Investigate special names for 4-sided shapes. e.g. square trapezium

rectangle

diamond

kite

★ Colour, laminate and cut out the spinners. Place a small skewer through the centre and check for bias. Means a shape with no corners.

Means a straight-edged shape with 6 or more corners. Take turns to spin the spinner and find a shape with matching corners in the room. How many corners does it have? How many sides?

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Exploring 2D Space

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Worms What are you trying to do? ★ Identify, create straight and curved lines (2D2-1) ★ Make patterns using a variety of lines (2D2-2)

How many can play? ★ Whole class, small groups

What do you need? ★ ★ ★ ★ ★

Variety of geometric tiles, e.g. pattern blocks Worms body parts (BLM p.31) Pencils, paper, scissors, paste Worms worksheet (BLM p.32) Worms copy cards (BLM p.33)

What do you do? ★ Tell me what you know about worms. What’s the longest worm you’ve ever seen? (The longest earthworm is almost 7 metres long!) ★ Imagine each tile is part of a worm. Discuss and demonstrate how to make long worms using tiles. Which words describe the line each worm makes? e.g. wiggly, zigzagged, bumpy, spiky e.g. ★ Make a variety of worms from your tiles. Make curved worms, straight-sided worms, a worm like a circle ... like a square ... like an octagon. e.g.

Variations ★ Make 2 copies of the Worms body parts. Colour the shaded parts in one colour, e.g. red. Leave the last 4 squares white. Cut these out then rearrange to discover your worm patterns. Paste these onto paper as a record of your discoveries, or use the Worms worksheet. ★ Make more copies and colour the shaded parts in a different colour, e.g. green. Combine 2 different colours to make worm patterns. Copy or adapt some of the Worms copy cards or create your own. ★ Combine your Worms parts with another team to make really long worm patterns.

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Worms

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Exploring 2D Space

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Snowflakes What are you trying to do? ★ Identify, make, continue symmetrical patterns (2D4-3)

How many can play? ★ Whole class

What do you need? ★ Posters of snowflakes ★ Paper squares, scissors ★ Snowflakes (BLM p.59)

What do you do? ★ Imagine you are so tiny that you are no bigger than a snowflake. Imagine you can see the shape of snowflakes as they fall to earth. What do you think they look like? ★ When you look at a snowflake through a microscope, you see amazing symmetrical shapes. Discuss posters, pictures or photographs of snowflakes. Look for the lines of symmetry. ★ How can you make a snowflake? Discuss suggestions. ★ Explain how to make a paper snowflake. Fold a paper square in half, then in half again and, if possible, again. Cut out different shapes without cutting right across from one side to the other. Try to cut as many different shapes as you can so that there are as many holes as possible. Carefully unfold your paper and open it out to reveal your snowflake. How many lines of symmetry can you see on your snowflake? ★ Experiment with different ways to keep folding paper squares in half then cutting out a snowflake design. Are all your snowflakes symmetrical?

Variations ★ Colour in the Snowflakes pictures to make symmetrical patterns. ★ Paste your snowflakes onto a different coloured backing paper. Add these to a class display about symmetry.

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Exploring Length and Area

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Shadows What are you trying to do? ★ Rearrange 2D shapes to make pictures (2D6-1) ★ Investigate shapes made by shadows (2D6-2)

How many can play? ★ Whole class, small groups, pairs

What do you need? ★ Shadows activity cards (BLM p.84) ★ Chalk, cardboard, scissors, sticks, torches, paper, sheets, workbooks, pencils ★ Variety of geometric tiles, e.g. pattern blocks, Mosaics paper tiles (see p.39), Worms tiles (see p.31) ★ Shadows copycards (BLM p.85)

What do you do? ★ What is a shadow? e.g. a shape made by the sun shining on an object ★ Go on a Shadow hunt with a partner. Which shadows face in the same direction? Why? Which shadows are the same colour? Why? Do all objects make shadows? ★ Talk about your discoveries with the rest of your class. ★ Form 4 small groups with an activity card each. Collect the equipment you need. Elect someone to present your group’s findings back to the rest of the class. ★ At the end of a suitable time limit, e.g. 20 minutes, present the group reports.

Variations ★ Watch my shadow. Trace your partner’s shadow with chalk on the playground at 4 different times in the day, e.g. 9, 11, 1 and 3 o’clock. What do you notice about the shape? Record your discoveries in a workbook. ★ Play Shadows. Make a picture from tessellating tiles. Trace the outline of your picture onto paper. Don’t fill in any details showing how all the tiles fit together. Ask a friend to reconstruct your picture just by looking at your picture outline. ★ Play Shadows using the 4 copycards and Worms tiles. Copy at 200% for 1-1 matching. See p.91 for answers.

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Hand shadows Experiment with ways to make different animals appear on a wall using just your hands and a light source. Can you make a bird? . . . a rabbit? Record your discoveries by tracing shadows onto a long wall frieze.

Square shadows Which shapes make a square shadow? Can you move any object until its shadow is a square? Try to discover circular, rectangular, triangular or pentagonal shadow shapes too. Record your favourites.

Silhouettes Attach a large sheet of paper to a wall. Ask your partner to stand sideways. Shine a light to make and trace their silhouette on the wall. Paint it black. Can you recognise your friend from a set of different silhouettes?

Shadow puppets Create shadow puppets by cutting out cardboard characters and attaching these to long sticks. Explore ways your puppets can make shadows on a large screen. Ask an audience to watch your puppet play. 84

Exploring Length and Area

EXPLORING 2D SPACE

SPACE

LOWER PRIMARY

The Exploring Maths series is designed to provide busy teachers with practical resources that are mathematically up-to-date, fun and easy to use. Each book contains a wealth of activities, blackline masters and assessment tasks for a whole lifetime of teaching. These activities encourage your children to think mathematically by exploring, experimenting, being creative and taking risks. By asking questions and active discovery, children learn to enjoy using mathematics as part of their everyday lives.

Exploring 2D Space includes: • A sample yearly maths overview for 3 grades • A sample weekly program.

• Six carefully sequenced units • Over 30 activity-based, easy-to-use teaching plans • Over 45 blackline masters • Useful activity cards for independent small group work • An outcome indicators checklist to record individual progress

In fact, plenty to ensure you enjoy teaching 2D Space to your 5 - 7 year olds.

About the author Originally a primary school teacher, Bev Dunbar is now actively involved in teacher education as a Mathematics Consultant and University Lecturer in Mathematics Education working in both the State and Catholic Education systems. Bev is a passionate believer in fun, practical resources which help teachers make maths lessons a highlight of the day.

Titles in the Exploring Maths series NUMBER Exploring 1-5 Exploring 6-10 Games and Activities for 0-10 Exploring 0-50 Numeration Exploring 0-50 Operations Numbers to 50 Picture Pack Exploring 0-100 Numeration

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Exploring 0-100 Operations Exploring Calculators Exploring Fractions Exploring Money

SPACE Exploring 3D Space & Position Exploring 2D Space Exploring Graphs, Chance & Data

MEASUREMENT Exploring Length/Area Exploring Volume/Mass Exploring Temperature/Time

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ISBN 1-86509-229-0

9 781865 092294

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