Critical race theory: The cutting edge, this tightly edited volume contains the finest, highly accessible articles in th
Cutting Edge #Pearson Education, Limited, 2005 #2005 #96 pages #Sarah Cunningham, Peter Moor, Frances Eales #9780582825086 Critical race theory: The cutting edge, this tightly edited volume contains the finest, highly accessible articles in the fast-growing legal genre of critical race theory--a field which is changing the way this nation looks at race, challenging orthodoxy, questioning the premises of liberalism, and debating sacred. Cutting edge: cross-talk between cells of the innate immune system: NKT cells rapidly activate NK cells, α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a glycolipid with potent antitumor properties that binds to CD1d molecules and activates mouse Vα14 and human Vα24 NKT cells. Surprisingly, we found that, as early as 90 min after αGalCer injection in vivo, NK cells also displayed. Cutting edge: 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression, the hormonal form of vitamin D 3, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1, 25 (OH) 2 D 3), is an immune system modulator and induces expression of the TLR coreceptor CD14. 1, 25 (OH) 2 D 3 signals through the vitamin D receptor, a ligand-stimulated transcription factor that. Cutting edge: heat shock protein 60 is a putative endogenous ligand of the toll-like receptor-4 complex, human heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) elicits a potent proinflammatory response in cells of the innate immune system and therefore has been proposed as a danger signal of stressed or damaged cells. We report here that macrophages of C3H/HeJ mice, carrying a mutant Toll. Cutting edge: contact-mediated suppression by CD4+ CD25+ regulatory cells involves a granzyme B-dependent, perforin-independent mechanism, cD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (T reg) are potent immunosuppressive cells that are pivotal in the regulation of peripheral tolerance. In this report, we identify granzyme B (GZ-B) as one of the key components of T reg-mediated suppression. Induction of regulatory activity. Cutting edge: endotoxin tolerance in mouse peritoneal macrophages correlates with down-regulation of surface toll-like receptor 4 expression, monocytes/macrophages exposed to LPS show reduced responses to second stimulation with LPS, which is termed LPS tolerance. In this study, we investigated molecular mechanism of LPS tolerance in macrophages. Mouse peritoneal macrophages pre-exposed. Cutting edge: repurification of lipopolysaccharide eliminates signaling through both human and murine toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 has recently been associated with cellular responses to numerous microbial products, including LPS and bacterial lipoproteins. However, many preparations of LPS contain low concentrations of highly bioactive contaminants described previously. Inside the tornado: marketing strategies from Silicon Valley's cutting edge, 0 of 0 review helpful Geoffrey Moore is one of the few Business authors I have implemented during my 20 years in my career By Mark Ellins In 1993 I was introduced to Crossing the Chasm by a Marketing Director from Microsoft who reported directly to Steve Balmer. Cutting edge: cure of colitis by CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells, cD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells have been shown to prevent T cell-mediated immune pathology; however, their ability to ameliorate established inflammation has not been tested. Using the CD4+ CD45RB high T cell transfer model of inflammatory bowel disease. Cutting edge: a novel Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-β promoter in the Toll-like receptor signaling, myD88 is a Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adapter common to signaling pathways via Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. However, accumulating evidence demonstrates the existence of a MyD88-independent pathway, which may explain unique biological. Cutting edge: recognition of Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components by the innate immune system occurs via Toll-like receptor 2, invasive infection with Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria often results in septic shock and death. The basis for the earliest steps in innate immune response to Gram-positive bacterial infection is poorly understood. The LPS component of the Gram-negative. Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes, we have identified new activating receptors of the Ig superfamily expressed on human myeloid cells, called TREM (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells). TREM-1 is selectively expressed on blood neutrophils and a subset of monocytes and is up-regulated. Cutting-edge terahertz technology, research into terahertz technology is now receiving increasing attention around the world, and devices exploiting this waveband are set to become increasingly important in a very diverse range of applications. Here, an overview of the status of the technology, its uses. Cutting edge: bacterial flagellin activates basolaterally expressed TLR5 to induce epithelial proinflammatory gene expression, flagellin, the structural component of bacterial flagella, is secreted by pathogenic and commensal bacteria. Flagellin activates proinflammatory gene expression in intestinal epithelia. However, only flagellin that contacts basolateral epithelial surfaces. Cutting edge: control of CD8+ T cell activation by CD4+ CD25+ immunoregulatory cells, cD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells inhibit organ-specific autoimmune diseases induced by CD4+ CD25− T cells and are potent suppressors of CD4+ CD25− T cell activation in vitro. We demonstrate that CD4+ CD25+ T cells also suppress both proliferation and IFN-γ. Cutting edge: TLR2-deficient and MyD88-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection, toll-like receptor (TLR) family acts as pattern recognition receptors for pathogen-specific molecular patterns. We previously showed that TLR2 recognizes Gram-positive bacterial components whereas TLR4 recognizes LPS, a component of Gram-negative bacteria. Cutting edge: NF-κB activating pattern recognition and cytokine receptors license NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating NLRP3 expression, the IL-1 family cytokines are regulated on transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Pattern recognition and cytokine receptors control pro-IL-1β transcription whereas inflammasomes regulate the proteolytic processing of pro-IL-1β. The NLRP3 inflammasome. Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product, the human homologue of Drosophila Toll (hToll), also called Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), is a recently cloned receptor of the IL-1/Toll receptor family. Interestingly, the TLR4 gene has been localized to the same region to which the Lps locus (endotoxin unresponsive gene. Cutting edge: TGF-β induces a regulatory phenotype in CD4+ CD25− T cells through Foxp3 induction and down-regulation of Smad7, cD4+ CD25+ regulatory cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes of thymic origin. However, recent data suggest an alternative commitment of regulatory T cells in the periphery, although the precise mechanism is unknown. In the present work. Cutting edge: role of Toll-like receptor 1 in mediating immune response to microbial lipoproteins, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family acts as pattern recognition receptors for pathogen-specific molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR2 is essential for the signaling of a variety of PAMPs, including bacterial lipoprotein/lipopeptides, peptidoglycan, and GPI anchors. TLR6. by CA Piccirillo, EM Shevach
