data overview - Land Matrix

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start-up projects, e.g. Brazil, Mozambique, and the Democratic Republic of the ... populous emerging economies, namely,
LANDMATRIX MATRIX NewsLeTTeR NEWSLETTER -–OCTOBER LAND JANuARy2014 2014 www.landmatrix.org www.landmatrix.org Correction (9, February 2014): It came to the attention of the Land Matrix partnership that there was a calculation error in the top ten target country statistics when this newsletter was published in January. Consequently, this newsletter has been updated with revised calculations, as well as altered data that has changed since its publication in January. For further details please contact [email protected].

In thIs edItIon

DATA OVERVIEW

• Complementing the Global Observatory with decentralized observatories • From observation to inclusive decision-making and accountability • Data trends: Ongoing demand for land Figure 1 Number of deals according negotiation • Dynamics: Implementation ongoingto but still slow status • Targets and former land use • Drivers of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions Concluded Failed Intended



187

80

No information 956 82

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ComplementIng the global observatory wIth deCentralIzed observatorIes Fostering transparency at national level and informed local decision making

141

875 81 82 The Land Matrix (LM) has successfully central checking and aggregation of data, provided information and stimulated debate and centrally generated and analysed Figure 1: Number of deals according to negotiation status global data sets, which can reinforce over the last two years Expression of interest Negotiations failed on transnational Contract signed Data as of 1 February, 2014 decision-making on Large-scale Land dialogue at a national, regional and Under negotiations Contract cancelled Oral agreement acquisitions (LSLAs). However, its utility in international level on land investment. promoting improved decision-making in The Global Observatory (focusing on 103 2014 Data as of 1 September, 26 specific national contexts has remained transnational data and visualizations) 76 50 limited. As socio-political, economic and will gradually become one among other 140 183 environmental factors determine synergies Observatories that include: Regional 43 and trade-offs between different claims on Observatories (such as the one being land, context matters greatly for equitable developed with the Land Policy Initiative decision-making. For this reason, the for Africa), National Observatories 1,298 LM partnership has started to expand (currently being developed or considered in the In view of enhancing the quality of thetoLand MatrixLand (LM) Observatories The five regionalin focal points: 936 Peru, Tanzania, Madagascar, Cambodia its focus support database database, but also to increase its impact on policy-dialogue, » » AFA (Asian Farmers’ organisation for Sustainable Rural and Thematic that concentrate on specific national, and Laos, Cameroon), 869 the LM is presently involved in regional, a process or of decentralisation asianfarmers.org: an alliance of national (currently being developed topical contexts. ItDevelopment) intends Observatories and expansion of its networks. As result of knowledge a call for interest organizations, currently with 17 Observatory member on rangelands). Each will to asupport platformsfarmers’ that not relatively owned only overcome disconnection between be launched in February 2014, five regional focal the points have organizations in 13 countries independent, in Southeast, East, South and managed by its own interest group and and global levels, but alsoand facilitate been selected and will support local the LM on regional level data Central Asia, with a combined membership of visible on its own portal. collaboration and knowledge exchange collection, research, policy advocacy and networking and around 12 million small scale women and men farmers, between civil society, policy, communication. Our experience in the last two years (see box fishers andLand indigenous peoples. 67 “The new Matrix portal is a vital source of data on land private 1 for some insights from Africa), researchers, has shown thatand the the process of Contacts: Marciano T. Virola, (Coordinator LMinAsia Focal deals. However, caution mustJr. always be applied interpretation. sector. But [email protected]; new website provides a Esther much improved guide to types decentralisation is essential in order to promote transparency Point) Penunia (AFA No information of deal, data source quality, and outstanding uncertainties and transitions and accountability in decisionsUltimately, over land and investment Secretary General) [email protected] Contract cancelled errors. The database is constantly changing, and always to more sustainable andFailed improve data quality. Nonetheless, quality control and »» potential JASIL www.cbnrm.mn: a Mongolian non‑governmental Negotiations failed improving, and must be seen as one tool among others – most investments overall coordination is still necessary in order isto bound guaranteeto Under negotiation organization whose mission is to promote sustainable Intended notably detailed ground level checking in particular places – to of interest institutional frameworks consistencyExpression and compliance with LM criteria. management of natural resources and land through Contract signed understand the complexities of the global land rush.“ that embrace different Concluded equitable and participatory processes. JASIL is Oral agreement scales. There is therefore Professor Scoones, Future Agricultures Consortium, responsibleIan for data collection of Central Asia (Mongolia, still an important role for a Institute of Development Studies Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan at an initial stage) and coordination with local andaCCountabIlIty regional governmental and From observatIon to InClusIve deCIsIon-makIng and non‑governmental organizations. inclusive decisionWith this transformation, the LM is thus moving from ‘observation’ to ‘evidence-informed, making and accountability’. First experiences by the LM partnership reveal thatTsooj this will add valueLM asCentral follows: Contacts: Mrs.Bolormaa (Coordination

overview

46 28 52

LAND MATRIX IS DECENTRALIZING AND EXPANDING ITS NETWORK WITH NEW REGIONAL FOCAL POINTS



Asia Focal Point) [email protected]; Dr.Hijaba Ykhabai are On the one hand, these complementary knowledge platforms covering geographic or thematic contexts (Director first-hand of JASIL) [email protected] key to improve and complement the LM databases through knowledge and grab the essence

LANDMATRIX MATRIX NewsLeTTeR NEWSLETTER -–OCTOBER LAND JANuARy2014 2014 www.landmatrix.org www.landmatrix.org Correction (9, February 2014): It came to the attention of the Land Matrix partnership that there was a calculation error in the top ten target country statistics when this newsletter was published in January. Consequently, this newsletter has been updated with revised calculations, as well as altered data that has changed since its publication in January. For further details please contact [email protected].

»» Eco Ruralis www.ecoruralis.ro: a Romanian NGO that

In includes thIs edItIon in its 500 person membership many family • • • • • •

Complementing the Global Observatory with decentralized observatoriesDECENTRALIZING FOR MORE DYNAMIC DATA farmers whom to areinclusive mostlydecision-making peasants. Other members From observation and accountability AND ENHANCED POLICY ADVOCACY include small organic farmers, urban and rural gardeners Data trends: Ongoing demand for land THE CASE OF AFRICA Dynamics: ongoing but slow is a member of as well asImplementation agricultural activists. Ecostill Ruralis Targets and former land use Overall data quality is on the rise, particularly for Africa. This European Coordination Via Campesina and is connected Drivers of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

is in part to the establishment and development of three to national and international networks that work on complementary data collection methods. many agriculture-related issues. 1. Continuous scrutiny of secondary information by a Contacts: Szőcs-Borussthe Miklós-Attila (Coordination LM ComplementIng global observatory wIth deCentralIzed observatorIes reinforced team of research assistants, complemented by Eastern Europe Focal Point) [email protected] Fostering transparency at national level and informed local decision making crowd sourcing and mechanisms of continuous follow »» FUNDAPAZ (Fundación para el Desarrollo en Justicia checking andofaggregation The Land Matrix (LM) has successfully overview up of statuscentral of the projects/tracking new projects. of data, y Paz) www.fundapaz.org.ar provided : a civil society organization and centrally generated and inanalysed information and stimulated debate Figure 1: Number of deals 2. An extensive network of key information sources with the mission of fostering human development in according to negotiation status over the last two years on transnational global data sets, which can reinforce almost all African countries. This network, coordinated Data as of 1communities February, 2014in Northern rural Argentina. FUNDAPAZ decision-making on Large-scale Land dialogue at a national, regional and by the African Regional Focal Point, and based on longwill act as Institutional Coordinator and will be mainly acquisitions (LSLAs). However, its utility in international level on land investment. term partnerships, includes i) individual/independent in charge of networking andpromoting dissemination activities.decision-making in The Global Observatory (focusing on improved 103 informants such as academics, farmers organizations, 26 national contexts has remained transnational data and visualizations) (Research Institute specific on Renewable Energy) 76 INENCO 50 civiland society,will international etc.,among ii) graduallyco-operations, become one other limited. report As socio-political, economic will concentrate on data-collection, writing, 140 collaboration with the Land Policy Initiative and its 183 environmental factors determine synergies Observatories that include: Regional and communication with other regional partners and focal points, iii) agreements with governments and 43 and trade-offs between global initiatives. The LM Latin America Focal Point willdifferent claims on Observatories (such as the one being private sector. land, matters work in close liaison with the “Redcontext Territorios Visibles”greatly for equitable developed with the Land Policy Initiative 3. Collaboration existing or new decentralized land National Observatories decision-making. For this reason, the forwith Africa), www.redterritoriosvisibles.org 1,298 LM partnership has started to expand (currently being developed or considered observatories. Each observatory, whether national or Contacts: [email protected] in the 936 in Peru, Tanzania, Madagascar, its focus to support Land Observatories thematic, which functions as relatively independentCambodia database »» University of Pretoria (UP) that www.up.ac.za : a major Laos, Cameroon), and Thematic concentrate on specific national, entities and and managed by their own interest group, 869 academic institution in Africa, particularly engagedcontexts. It intends Observatories (currently being developed regional, or topical produces data which will then be feeding into the LM in the development of consistent data with regards platforms that not on rangelands). Each Observatory will to support knowledge global observatory. Such observatories exist already in agriculture and land governance. The Post-Graduate only overcome the disconnection between be relatively independent, owned and Madagascar, are being established in Tanzania, Cameroon localDevelopment, and global The levels, but also facilitate managed by its own interest group and School of agriculture and Rural and South Africa (other countries are to follow). knowledge exchange visible on its own portal. Department of agricultural collaboration Economics and and the Center civil With these data portal has become meaningfully for the67 Study of Governancebetween Innovation willsociety, partakepolicy, in “The newmethods, Land Matrix is a vital source of data on land researchers, and the private dynamic for Africa.caution Since the lastalways newsletter, there have been this LM endeavour. deals. However, must be applied in interpretation. sector. a total of 260 to theacurrent deals; Contacts: Wytske Chamberlain (Coordination LM Africa But the newmodifications website provides much African improved guide to types

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deal, data source quality, outstanding uncertainties and 78ofnew deals were added and 16and cases were deleted. As a potential errors.database The database is constantly result, the African has increased fromchanging, 785 to 879and always improving, and must be seen as one tool among others – most total deals. While hectarage under contract has decreased detailed groundoflevel in particular places – to bynotably 295000ha, the number dealschecking under contract increased understand the complexities of the global land rush.“ by 68. The number of cases in operation increased by 35. The remaining modifications are attributed to ‘minor changes’ Professor Ian Scoones, Future Agricultures Consortium, of Development Studies to Institute the database, i.e. changes to data sources, change in conceptualising the Land Matrix website, and will join us now former use, change in local community tab. From observatIon to InClusIve deCIsIon-makIng and aCCountabIlIty as full partner. TTC will play a crucial role in further developing The enrolment of new Regional Focal Points for thedecisionother With this transformation, the LM is thus moving from ‘observation’ to ‘evidence-informed, inclusive the communication strategy and the technology behind the continents should lead to similar set-up, making and accountability’. First experiences by the LM partnership reveal that this will add resulting value asinfollows: Land Matrix. For more information: www.tacticaltech.org improved data collection and data quality. • On the one hand, these complementary knowledge platforms covering geographic or thematic contexts are key to improve and complement the LM databases through first-hand knowledge and grab the essence No information Focal Point) [email protected]; Angela Ultimately, transitions Contract cancelled Failed to more sustainable Fraser (Research Assistant) [email protected]; Ward Negotiations failed investments is bound to Anseeuw (overall coordination) [email protected] Under negotiation Intended Expression of interest institutional frameworks Contract signed embrace different As an additional new partner,that we welcome Tactical Tech Concluded Oral agreement scales. There is Collective (TTC), an organisation dedicated to therefore the use still was an important role forina of information for activism. TTC already involved

LANDMATRIX MATRIX NewsLeTTeR NEWSLETTER -–OCTOBER LAND JANuARy2014 2014 www.landmatrix.org www.landmatrix.org Correction (9, February 2014): It came to the attention of the Land Matrix partnership that there was a calculation error in the top ten target country statistics when this newsletter was published in January. Consequently, this newsletter has been updated with revised calculations, as well as altered data that has changed since its publication in January. For further details please contact [email protected].

DATA TRENDS AND DYNAMICS: Complementing the Global Observatory with decentralized observatories IMPROVED DATA ON LAND DEALS SHOW From observation to inclusive decision-making and accountability Data trends: Ongoing demand for land ONGOING IMPLEMENTATION Dynamics: Implementation ongoing but still slow

In thIs edItIon

• • • • • Targets and former land use Since the oflaunch of the second phase • Drivers Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

of the Global Observatory in June 2013, the LM database grew significantly. Table 1 shows that the number of concluded deals increased by 27% from 755 deals in June 2013 to 956 deals in September 2014. However, the respective area increased with less speed: Both measures, the intended size and the size under contract went ComplementIng theweglobal wIth deCentralIzed observatorIes up by 10%. For intended deals take stock observatory of 42 new deals (+29%) accounting for 4 million hectares (+37%). The sharpest increaseFostering can be foundtransparency at failed deals where number oflevel deals grew 60% accompanied a raise of 2.6making million hectares atthe national andbyinformed localbydecision for the intended size and 0.8 million for the size The hectares Land Matrix (LM)under hascontract. successfully central checking and aggregation of data,

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overview

and centrally generated and analysed global data sets, which can reinforce Size at underacontract (in millionregional ha) dialogue national, and acquisitions (LSLAs). However, its utility in international level on land investment.   Jun 13 Sep 14 Δ Jun 13 Sep 14 Δ Jun 13 Sep 14 Δ promoting improved decision-making in The Global Observatory (focusing on 103 Concluded deals26 755 956specific 27% 54.9 60.5 remained 10% transnational 32.6 35.7 and visualizations) 10% data national contexts has 76 50 limited. As socio-political, economic and will gradually become one among other 140 183 that factors Intended deals 145 187environmental 29% 10.8 determine 14.8 synergies 37% Observatories n.a. n.a. include: n.a. Regional 43 and trade-offs between different claims on Observatories (such as the one being land, context matters greatly for equitable developed with the Land Policy Initiative Failed deals 50 80 60% 4.9 7.5 53% 1.1 1.9 73% decision-making. For this reason, the for Africa), National Observatories 1,298 LM partnership has started to expand (currently being developed or considered in the Data as of 5 June, 2013 and 1 September, 2014its focus to support Land Observatories 936 in Peru, Tanzania, Madagascar, Cambodia database that concentrate on specific national, and Laos, Cameroon), and Thematic 869 1st, more than 60% As of September of deals in our database are operational with 503 deals in operation and another 129 deals regional, or topical contexts. It intends Observatories (currently being developed in the start-up phase. The current size under production remains rather low with only 4.1 million hectares (Table 2). to support knowledge platforms that not on rangelands). Each Observatory will only overcome the disconnection Table 2: International land acquisitions according implementation statusbetween be relatively independent, owned and local and global levels, but also facilitate managed by its own interest group and   Number of concluded deals under contract (million ha) under production (million ha) visible on itsCurrent ownsize portal. collaboration and knowledge Size exchange between civil society, policy, 67 “The new Land Matrix portal Project not started 54 2.8 n.a. is a vital source of data on land researchers, and the private deals. However, caution must always be applied in interpretation. sector. But the new website provides a much improved guide to types

provided information and stimulated debate Figure 1: Number of deals Table 1: Dynamics of international land acquisitions according to negotiation status according to negotiation status over the last two years on transnational Data 2014 of deals decision-making Intended   as of 1 February,Number size (in million ha)Land on Large-scale

Start-up phase (no production) No information

Contract cancelled Failed In operation (production) Negotiations failed Intended

Under negotiation

Expression of interest Project abandoned Contract signed Concluded Oral agreement

No information

129

Ultimately, transitions to more sustainable 503 investments is bound to institutional frameworks 32 that embrace different scales. There is therefore 265 still an important role for a

3.2

n.a.

of deal, data source quality, and outstanding uncertainties and potential errors. The database is constantly changing, and always

17.0

4.1

improving, and must be seen as one tool among others – most notably detailed ground level checking in particular places – to

1.4

n.a.

understand the complexities of the global land rush.“ Professor Ian Scoones, Future Agricultures Consortium,

13.0

n.a.

Institute of Development Studies

983 InClusIve deCIsIon-makIng 37.3 From observatIon to and 4.1aCCountabIlIty

Total (deals or ha)

With this transformation, the LM is thus moving from ‘observation’ to ‘evidence-informed, inclusive decisionmaking accountability’. First experiences by the LM partnership reveal that this will add value as follows: Data as of 1 and September, 2014 •

On the one hand, these complementary knowledge platforms covering geographic or thematic contexts are key to improve and complement the LM databases through first-hand knowledge and grab the essence

LANDMATRIX MATRIX NewsLeTTeR NEWSLETTER -–OCTOBER LAND JANuARy2014 2014 www.landmatrix.org www.landmatrix.org Correction (9, February 2014): It came to the attention of the Land Matrix partnership that there was a calculation error in the top ten target country statistics when this newsletter was published in January. Consequently, this newsletter has been updated with revised calculations, as well as altered data that has changed since its publication in January. For further details please contact [email protected].

DIFFERENTIATED PATTERN Complementing the Global Observatory with decentralized observatories OF From observation to inclusive decision-making andIMPLEMENTATION accountability

In thIs edItIon

• • • Data trends: Ongoing demand for land • Dynamics: Looking intoImplementation the dynamicsongoing of the but topstill 10slow target countries, different patterns emerge: some • Targetsprojects, and former useMozambique, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Other start‑up e.g.land Brazil, • Drivers of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

countries exhibit a high rate of countries are characterized by a low implementation rate, e.g. South Sudan and Sierra Leone. Whereas, Liberia and Mozambique exhibit some abandoned deals.

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Figure 2: Dynamics of top 10 target countries – Size under contract (in 1,000 ha) by implementation status

ComplementIng the global observatory wIth deCentralIzed observatorIes PAPUA NEW GUINEA Fostering transparency at national level and informed local decision making INDONESIA

The Land Matrix (LM) has successfully central checking and aggregation of data, provided information and stimulated debate and centrally generated and analysed of deals according to negotiation status over last two years on transnational global data sets, which can reinforce DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THEthe CONGO Data as of 1 February, 2014 decision-making on Large-scale Land dialogue at a national, regional and MOZAMBIQUE acquisitions (LSLAs). However, its utility in international level on land investment. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO promoting improved decision-making in The Global Observatory (focusing on 103 26 specific national contexts has remained transnational data and visualizations) BRAZIL 76 50 limited. As socio-political, economic and will gradually become one among other UKRAINE 140 183 environmental factors determine synergies Observatories that include: Regional LIBERIA43 and trade-offs between different claims on Observatories (such as the one being land, context matters greatly for equitable developed with the Land Policy Initiative SIERRA LEONE decision-making. For this reason, the for Africa), National Observatories 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 1,298 LM partnership has started to expand (currently being developed or considered in the 936 its focus to support Land Observatories in Peru, Tanzania, Madagascar, Cambodia database Project not started Project abandoned that concentrate on specific national, and Laos, Cameroon), and Thematic 869 roject started startup or in operation) (currentlyNobeing information Observatories developed regional, or topical Pcontexts. It (in intends to support knowledge platforms that not on rangelands). Each Observatory will only overcome the disconnection between be relatively independent, owned and Data as of 1 September, 2014 local and global levels, but also facilitate managed by its own interest group and An important trend is underway: even thoughand thereknowledge might be few speculationvisible cases, on theits majority of deals are becoming own portal. collaboration exchange increasingly operational. Better understanding dynamics a challenge. between civil such society, policy,is still “The 67 new Land Matrix portal is a vital source of data on land researchers, and the private deals. However, caution must always be applied in interpretation. sector. But the new website provides a much improved guide to types

overview

SOUTH Figure 1: SUDAN Number

No information Failed Intended Concluded

Contract cancelled Negotiations failed Under negotiation Expression of interest Contract signed Oral agreement

Ultimately, transitions to more sustainable investments is bound to institutional frameworks that embrace different scales. There is therefore still an important role for a

of deal, data source quality, and outstanding uncertainties and potential errors. The database is constantly changing, and always improving, and must be seen as one tool among others – most notably detailed ground level checking in particular places – to understand the complexities of the global land rush.“ Professor Ian Scoones, Future Agricultures Consortium, Institute of Development Studies

From observatIon to InClusIve deCIsIon-makIng and aCCountabIlIty With this transformation, the LM is thus moving from ‘observation’ to ‘evidence-informed, inclusive decisionmaking and accountability’. First experiences by the LM partnership reveal that this will add value as follows: •

On the one hand, these complementary knowledge platforms covering geographic or thematic contexts are key to improve and complement the LM databases through first-hand knowledge and grab the essence

LANDMATRIX MATRIX NewsLeTTeR NEWSLETTER -–OCTOBER LAND JANuARy2014 2014 www.landmatrix.org www.landmatrix.org Correction (9, February 2014): It came to the attention of the Land Matrix partnership that there was a calculation error in the top ten target country statistics when this newsletter was published in January. Consequently, this newsletter has been updated with revised calculations, as well as altered data that has changed since its publication in January. For further details please contact [email protected].

INVESTORS: MAINLY FROM Complementing the Global Observatory with decentralized observatories HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES From observation to inclusive decision-making and accountability

In thIs edItIon

• • • Data trends: Ongoing demand for land • Dynamics: Implementation but still slow The vast majority (63%, 872ongoing deals) of foreign investments come from high-income countries, mainly OECD countries (52%, 718 • Targets and middle former land use countries account for 292 deals (21%) and upper middle income countries for 200 deals (15%). deals). Lower income • Drivers of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

Figure 3: Number of deals per Investor countries’ income level

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ComplementIng the global observatory wIth deCentralIzed observatorIes HIGH INCOME: OECD Fostering transparency718 at national level and informed local decision making HIGH INCOME: NON OECD The Land 154 Matrix (LM) has successfully central checking and aggregation of data, UPPER provided200 information and stimulated debate and centrally generated and analysed Figure 1: MIDDLE Number INCOME of deals according to negotiation status last two years on transnational global data sets, which can reinforce LOWER MIDDLE INCOME over the292 Data as of 1 February, 2014 decision-making on Large-scale Land dialogue at a national, regional and 15 LOW INCOME acquisitions (LSLAs). However, its utility in international level on land investment. promoting improved decision-making in The Global Observatory (focusing on 103 26 specific national contexts has remained transnational data and visualizations) 76 50 limited. As socio-political, economic and will gradually become one among other 140 183 Data as of 1 September, 2014 environmental factors determine synergies Observatories that include: Regional 43 and trade-offs between different claims on Observatories (such as the one being The USA, Great Britain and the Netherlands are three industrialized countries among the top 10 investors. The United Arab land, context matters greatly for equitable developed with the Land Policy Initiative Emirates and Saudi Arabia represent investors fromFor OPEC countries. top 10 investors are from for among Africa),the National Observatories decision-making. this reason,A large the group populous emerging 1,298 economies,LM namely, Malaysia, has India,started and South Finally, there arebeing investors from small with (currently developed or states considered partnership to Korea. expand in the strong financial sectors, such as Hong Kongto andsupport Singapore. The last two groups represent natural resource poor 936 in Peru,capital-rich Tanzania,but Madagascar, Cambodia its focus Land Observatories database countries.869 China, being “only” in that position 11 plays an important role, especially in South East Asia. concentrate on specific national, and Laos, Cameroon), and Thematic

overview

regional, or topical contexts. It intends Observatories (currently being developed Figure 4: Top twelve investors according to the size under contract (in thousands of ha) to support knowledge platforms that not on rangelands). Each Observatory will only overcome the disconnection between be relatively independent, owned and local and global levels, but also facilitate managed by its own interest group and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA collaboration and knowledge exchange visible on its own portal. MALAYSIA between civil society, policy, 67 “The new Land Matrix portal is a vital source of data on land SINGAPORE researchers, and the private deals. However, caution must always be applied in interpretation. sector. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES But the new website provides a much improved guide to types No information GREAT BRITAIN Failed

INDIA

Intended

Contract cancelled Negotiations failed Under negotiation

SAUDI ARABIA Expression of interest Contract signed

Concluded NETHERLANDS Oral agreement

HONG KONG REPUBLIC OF KOREA

Ultimately, transitions to more sustainable investments is bound to institutional frameworks that embrace different scales. There is therefore still an important role for a

of deal, data source quality, and outstanding uncertainties and potential errors. The database is constantly changing, and always improving, and must be seen as one tool among others – most notably detailed ground level checking in particular places – to understand the complexities of the global land rush.“ Professor Ian Scoones, Future Agricultures Consortium, Institute of Development Studies

From observatIon to InClusIve deCIsIon-makIng and aCCountabIlIty CHINA With this transformation, the LM is thus moving from ‘observation’ to ‘evidence-informed, inclusive decisionCANADA making and accountability’. First experiences by the LM partnership reveal that this will add value as follows: 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 6500 Data as of 1 September, 2014 • On the one hand, these complementary knowledge platforms covering geographic or thematic contexts are key to improve and complement the LM databases through first-hand knowledge and grab the essence

LANDMATRIX MATRIX NewsLeTTeR NEWSLETTER -–OCTOBER LAND JANuARy2014 2014 www.landmatrix.org www.landmatrix.org Correction (9, February 2014): It came to the attention of the Land Matrix partnership that there was a calculation error in the top ten target country statistics when this newsletter was published in January. Consequently, this newsletter has been updated with revised calculations, as well as altered data that has changed since its publication in January. For further details please contact [email protected].

DRIVERS OF LARGE-SCALE Complementing the Global Observatory with decentralized observatories LAND ACQUISITIONS From observation to inclusive decision-making and accountability

In thIs edItIon

• • • Data trends: Ongoing demand for land • Dynamics: Implementation ongoing still slow remains agriculture, with a 40% increase of food crop production and livestock The main driver of large-scale land but acquisitions • Targets and former land use Agrofuel production with 190 deals, remains the second most important driver, but only increased farming more than doubled. • Drivers of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

slightly by 6% since June 2013. Moreover, the number of forestry projects raised by 50%.

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Figure 5: Main drivers of concluded large-scale land acquisitions

ComplementIng the global observatory wIth deCentralIzed observatorIes Size under contract (in 1,000 ha) Number of deals Fostering transparency at national level and informed local decision making 10000

400data, The Land Matrix (LM) has successfully central checking and aggregation of 90001: Number of deals provided information and stimulated debate and centrally generated and analysed Figure 350 according to negotiation status global data sets, which can reinforce over the last two years on transnational 8000 Data as of 1 February, 2014 300 and decision-making on Large-scale Land dialogue at a national, regional 7000 acquisitions (LSLAs). However, its utility in international level on land investment. 250 6000 The Global Observatory (focusing on promoting improved decision-making in 103 200 5000 26 specific national contexts has remained transnational data and visualizations) 76 50 will gradually become one among other limited. As socio-political, economic and 4000 150 140 183 environmental factors determine synergies Observatories that include: Regional 3000 43 being and trade-offs between different claims on Observatories (such as the one100 2000 land, context matters greatly for equitable developed with the Land Policy Initiative 50 1000 decision-making. For this reason, the for Africa), National Observatories 1,298 LM partnership has started to expand (currently being developed or considered 0 0 in the 936 its focus to support Land Observatories in Peru, Tanzania, Madagascar, Cambodia database Agrofuels Foodthat crops concentrate Livestock on specific Non-food national, Agriculture Forestry Otherand Thematic and Laos, Cameroon), 869 agricultural unspecified regional, or topical contexts. It intends Observatories (currently being developed commodities to support knowledge platforms that not on rangelands). Each Observatory will Size under contract (in 1,000 ha) Sep 2014 be relatively independent, owned and only overcome the- disconnection betweenNumber of deals - June 2013 local and global but also facilitate managed by its own interest group and Size under contract (in 1,000 ha)levels, - June 2013 Number of deals - Sep 2014 collaboration and knowledge exchange visible on its own portal. between civil society, policy, 67 “The new Land Matrix portal is a vital source of data on land Data as of 1 September, 2014 researchers, and the private deals. However, caution must always be applied in interpretation. Shedding light on agrofuel projects, we can assert that they account for a significant share of land acquisitions: about 100 sector. But the new website provides a much improved guide to types deals amounting to 3.8 million hectares under contract focus on fuel energy for another 100 dealsuncertainties (4.4 million and No information ofor deal, dataproduction; source quality, and outstanding Ultimately, transitions Contract cancelled of agrofuels is at least part of the intention. Increasing demand for agrofuels is often motivated by hectares) the production potential errors. The database is constantly changing, and always Failed to more sustainable Negotiations failed renewable energy promoting policies, such as the EU target of reaching a 20%and share of energy renewable resources improving, must be seenfrom as one tool among othersby – most investments is bound to Under negotiation Intended 2020. Our assessment that agrofuel projects require huge initialdetailed investments andlevel takechecking a few years to yield returns. notably ground in particular places – to Expression of further interest shows institutional frameworks Contract signed Evidence shows by comparing failure rates: only 5% of non-agrofuel investments fail, whereas this rate is significantly higher for understand the complexities of the global land rush.“ that embrace different Concluded Oral agreement pure agrofuel projects, with overscales. 15% failure rate. is In this context, Jatropha projects have a particularly high record of failure, as There therefore Professor Ian Scoones, Future Agricultures Consortium, still an important for aof new well as non-implementation rate, leading to a drasticrole decrease jatrophaofprojects. Institute Development Studies

overview

From observatIon to InClusIve deCIsIon-makIng and aCCountabIlIty With this transformation, the LM is thus moving from ‘observation’ to ‘evidence-informed, inclusive decisionmaking and accountability’. First experiences by the LM partnership reveal that this will add value as follows: •

On the one hand, these complementary knowledge platforms covering geographic or thematic contexts are key to improve and complement the LM databases through first-hand knowledge and grab the essence

LANDMATRIX MATRIX NewsLeTTeR NEWSLETTER -–OCTOBER LAND JANuARy2014 2014 www.landmatrix.org www.landmatrix.org Correction (9, February 2014): It came to the attention of the Land Matrix partnership that there was a calculation error in the top ten target country statistics when this newsletter was published in January. Consequently, this newsletter has been updated with revised calculations, as well as altered data that has changed since its publication in January. For further details please contact [email protected].

Figure 6: The fading jatropha hype – number of jatropha deals according to negotiation status

In thIs edItIon 2004 • Complementing the Global Observatory with decentralized observatories • From observation to inclusive decision-making and accountability 2005 •

Data trends: Ongoing demand for land

2006 • Dynamics: Implementation ongoing but still slow • Targets and former land use 2007 •

Drivers of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions

2008

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2009

ComplementIng the global observatory wIth deCentralIzed observatorIes 2010 Fostering transparency at national level and informed local decision making 2011

The Land Matrix (LM) has successfully central checking and aggregation of data, provided information and stimulated debate and centrally generated and analysed Figure 1: Number of deals 2013 according to negotiation status over the last two years on transnational global data sets, which can reinforce Data as of 1 February, 2014 0 2 4 6 8 10 16 regional 17 and 18 dialogue14 at a national, decision-making on Large-scale Land 12

overview 2012

acquisitions (LSLAs). However, its utility in international level on land investment. Concluded Failed promoting improved decision-making in The Global Observatory (focusing on 103 26 specific national contexts has remained transnational data and visualizations) 76 as of 1 September, Data 2014 50 limited. As socio-political, economic and will gradually become one among other 140 183 environmental factors determine synergies Observatories that include: Regional 43 and trade-offs between different claims on Observatories (such as the one being land, context matters greatly for equitable developed with the Land Policy Initiative decision-making. For this reason, the for Africa), National Observatories 1,298 LM partnership has started to expand (currently being developed or considered in the 936 its focus to support Land Observatories in Peru, Tanzania, Madagascar, Cambodia database that concentrate on specific national, and Laos, Cameroon), and Thematic 869in Media Land Matrix regional, or topical contexts. It intends Observatories (currently being developed Land Matrix Receives Prix Ars Electronica Honorary Mention to support knowledge platforms that not on rangelands). Each Observatory will The Land Matrix was selected among 2,703 entries from 77 countries between for the Honorary Mention in independent, the Prix Ars Electronica award be relatively owned and only overcome the disconnection for digital communities. Established in 1987 as one of the world’s premier awards honouring creativity and innovativeness in local and global levels, but also facilitate managed by its own interest group and the use of digital media, the awards was presented the Ars Electronica Gala invisible the Brucknerhaus Linz, Austria on Friday, on its own in portal. collaboration and atknowledge exchange between civil society, policy, September675, 2014. “The new Land Matrix portal is a vital source of data on land researchers, and the private deals. However, caution must always be applied in interpretation. Land Matrix in Arte Documentary sector. But the new website provides a much improved guide to types ARTE | 26.04.2014 No information of deal, data source quality, and outstanding uncertainties and Ultimately, transitions Mit offenenContract Karten:cancelled Ackerland zu verkaufen–Ein Markt für sich/ Le Dessous des cartes : Terres arables, un marché pas comme les potential errors. The database is constantly changing, and always Failed to more sustainable Negotiations autres (in German andfailed French). http://future.arte.tv/de/mit-offenen-karten-der-globale-wettlauf-um-anbauflaechen improving, and must be seen as one tool among others – most investments is bound to Under negotiation Intended notably detailed ground level checking in particular places – to PublicationsExpression based on LM data institutional of interest frameworks Contract signed of the global landInternational rush.“ Concluded Nolte K, Ostermeier M, Schulze that K. 2014.embrace Food or Fuel different – The Role of understand Agrofuels inthe thecomplexities Rush for Land. GIGA Focus Oral agreement scales. is therefore Edition English, 05/2014, Hamburg: GIGA.There http://www.giga-hamburg.de/de/system/files/publications/gf_international_1405_0.pdf Professor Ian Scoones, Future Agricultures Consortium, still an important role for a of Development Studies Messerli P, Giger M, Dwyer M, Breu T, Eckert S. 2014. The geography ofInstitute large-scale land acquisitions: Analysing socio-ecological patterns of target contexts in the global Applied Geography 53:449–459. From observatIon to South. InClusIve deCIsIon-makIng and aCCountabIlIty Intended

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With this transformation, the LM is thus moving from ‘observation’ to ‘evidence-informed, inclusive decisionmaking and accountability’. First experiences by the LM partnership reveal that this will add value as follows: •

On the one hand, these complementary knowledge platforms covering geographic or thematic contexts are key to improve and complement the LM databases through first-hand knowledge and grab the essence