DEANZ Biennial Conference The University of Waikato Hamilton New Zealand April 17-20 2016

There and back: Charting flexible pathways in open, mobile and distance education

Conference Proceedings Edited by Noeline Wright 2016 The University of Waikato

(conference logo by by Donn Ratana)

DEANZ2016: Conference Proceedings

April 17-20, The University of Waikato, NZ

DEANZ Making ako accessible to all Kia ora nga mani ki the katoa

The biennial DEANZ conference showcases practice and theory in the broad field of open, distance, flexible and mobile learning. It particularly relates to New Zealand and international researchers and educators interested in this field of teaching, learning and research. In 2016, it is hosted by the University of Waikato, and its theme and sub themes invoke our conference dinner destination: Hobbiton Movie Set. ‘There and back’ offered conference delegates opportunities to reflect, rethink and reimagine open, mobile, flexible and distance learning contexts.

DEANZ is committed to a belief in making ako accessible for all. What makes us unique is our focus on understanding and improving the ways technologies are used to provide effective education when teachers and learners are separated by space or time, such as occurs in distance, online and blended learning, in open and flexible education settings. Within this focus we have expertise across the spectrum of educational activities, and we apply this expertise to advocate for the field, support members, and provide advice when requested. Distance, mobile and open learning, and flexible delivery systems use educational and telecommunications technology such as printed materials, video or teleconferencing, radio, texting, e-mail, Internet affordances and television. They aim to give students as much control as possible over what, when, where and how they learn. The overall aim of this Association is to foster high standards in the practice of distance, open, flexible and mobile education in New Zealand, achieved through: • honouring the Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti O Waitangi, and its articles • undertaking activities which are seen by the Association to be in the interests of distance, open, flexible and mobile education in New Zealand • advising and making representations on matters relevant to distance, open and mobile education in New Zealand • establishing and maintaining liaison with the international distance, open, flexible and mobile education community • promoting discussion about research and development in distance, open, flexible and mobile education, disseminating the results of relevant research and identifying areas for future research and development • organising regular conferences, special interest seminars and workshops • regularly publishing newsletters, the refereed annual Journal and other publications (such as conference proceedings).

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DEANZ2016: Conference Proceedings

April 17-20, The University of Waikato, NZ

Quality assurance processes for these 2016 conference proceedings

Each submission for the refereed, post graduate and practice papers was blind peer reviewed by two committee members. Each conference committee member was assigned to reviewing one of the categories. Each blind review was entered in a spreadsheet via a Google Form. From there, feedback was sent to each submitter on what to do next. I am therefore grateful for the efforts of the DEANZ2016 committee consisting of: Amina Adam, Stephen Bright, Garry Falloon, Dianne Forbes, Elaine Khoo, Clive Pope, and Nigel Robertson. Dilani Gedera (Otago Polytechnic) also supported the refereeing process. Resubmissions were put into a new folder and made available for the programme (abstracts) and the proceedings. Authors are also encouraged to submit their work in expanded form to JOFDL, the journal of DEANZ (soon to be FLANZ) once the conference is over. Special thanks go to Amina Adam who has cross-checked