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Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot. Page 2. Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014. Map Gallery. 3
DATA SNAPSHOT THURSTON THRIVES CHILD AND YOUTH RESILIENCE ACTION TEAM

Thurston County Public Health & Social Services Department February 2014

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction

3

Trauma and Stress

4-15

Adverse Experiences Child Abuse Domestic Violence Bullying Suicide Homeless Income

Social Support and Resilience

16-22

Caring Adults Participation Purpose

Early Learning and Preventive Services

23-25

Early Prenatal Care Attending Preschool

Population Change

26-30

More Children Transition Age Youth

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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Map Gallery

31-55

Rate of Victims in Child Abuse and Neglect Referrals Children who are Low Income or Living in Poverty Number Age Birth to 17 Percent Age Birth to 17 Percent Age Birth to 5 Percent Age 6 to 17 Percent of Married Couple Families with Children Percent of One Parent Families with Children Percent of One Parent Families with Children who are Low Income or in Poverty Population Totals Number of Children Age Birth to 4 Number of Children Age 5 to 17 Number of Children Age Birth to 17 Percent of Population who are Children Age Birth to 17 Number of Youth Age 16 to 24 Percent of Population Age Birth to 24 Population by Race and Ethnicity Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 who are White Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 who are Multiracial Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 who are Asian Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 who are Black Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 who are American Indian/Alaska Native Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 who are Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 who are None of the Listed Races Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 who are Hispanic Percent of Children Who Moved to a Different Home in Past Year Number of Children in Special Education or Section 504 Programs

Citations

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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INTRODUCTION Thurston Thrives is a community initiative focusing on how healthy people are today and the factors that influence how healthy the community will be in the future. These factors are: health behavior, the physical and built environment, health services, and local social and economic conditions. Together, these factors directly impact how long local residents live and the quality of life they experience during their lifetime. Thurston Thrives was established by the Thurston County Board of Health and is overseen with assistance of the Thurston Thrives Advisory Council. Topics that research has shown significantly influence community health are reviewed with the help of action teams. Each action team is led by a community member with in-depth knowledge of the topic area. The action teams are empowered to develop a common agenda on how best to address their topic area locally and are asked to report their recommendations to the Board of Health and Thurston Thrives Advisory Council.

CHILDREN, RESILIENCE AND HEALTH In 2013, the Thurston Thrives Child and Youth Resilience Action Team was formed to review the topic of resilience and its connection to children’s health. Sandra Romero, Thurston County Commissioner serves as the Child and Youth Resilience Action Team lead.

SNAPSHOT The purpose of this report is to provide support to those examining the connections between children, resilience and health.  Data in this report provides a current snapshot of community health issues associated with child and youth resilience. A selected set of measures related to the topic are presented.  Other local community data reports and plans with additional information about this topic may be available and are not integrated into the snapshot.

QUESTIONS If you have questions about:  The Thurston Thrives initiative contact Chris Hawkins, Coordinator, 360-867-2513, [email protected]  The Snapshot Report contact Mary Ann O’Garro, Epidemiologist, 360-867-2525, [email protected]

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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TRAUMA AND STRESS Negative, chronic experiences from conception to adolescence influence the life chances of children.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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ADVERSE EXPERIENCES. Research has identified a set of experiences, called adverse childhood experiences, associated with increased risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes. Included in these adverse experiences are: 1) physical abuse, 2) sexual abuse, 3) verbal abuse, 4) witnessing domestic violence, 5) living with someone who is mentally ill, depressed or suicidal, 6) having a family member with a substance abuse problem, 7) parental discord such as divorce, separation or abandonment and 8) having a family member incarcerated (e.g. jail, prison). Adverse childhood experiences, or ACEs, can be stressful and traumatic to children. The more ACEs experienced as a child, the higher the risk for a range of health issues across the life span including: (1-2)  Alcohol and drug abuse  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)  Cigarette smoking  Depression

    

Heart disease Interpersonal violence Liver disease Sexually transmitted diseases Suicide

MEASURE: Percent of county adults who had 3 or more adverse experiences during childhood. Percent of Adults by Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) Score, Thurston County and Washington State 2011 100% 80%

32%

28%

68%

72%

60% 40% 20% 0% Thurston 0 to 2 ACEs (Low Score)

WA State 3 to 8 ACEs (High Score)

Data Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (3)

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2011, 32% of Thurston County adults had 3 or more adverse experiences during childhood − This equates to an estimated 62,931 county adults with a high ACEs score.  In 2011, Thurston County had the 8th highest ACEs score when compared to all 39 Washington State counties (1 = worst/highest, 39 best/lowest). Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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CHILD ABUSE. Abuse by a parent or caregiver results in immediate harm to a child, however maltreatment also has consequences for health and well-being across the lifespan. Children are not able to manage stress that results from violence-related experiences. Over time this type of stress can be frequent and uncontrollable making it toxic for abused children. Toxic stress has been shown to disrupt brain development and impact the functioning of both the immune and nervous systems. Children who experience abuse are at increased risk for poor physical and mental health outcomes over the lifespan. (4-6)

MEASURE: Percent of county youth and adults who were physically abused by an adult during childhood.

Percent of Youth and Adults experiencing Physical Abuse by an Adult during Childhood, Thurston County and Washington State 2011 & 2012 30% 25% 20%

21%

21%

21%

17%

16%

17%

15% 10% 5% 0% Thurston 8th Graders (2012)

WA State 10th Graders (2012)

Adults (2011)

Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (3, 7)

WHAT WE KNOW.  Experiencing physical abuse during childhood is common.  In 2011, 21% of Thurston County adults had experienced physical abuse during their childhood. − This equates to an estimated 41,298 county adults.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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Percent of 10th Graders who Experienced Physical Abuse by an Adult during Childhood by Income, Thurston County and Washington State 2012 48%

50%

50%

40%

40% 31%

30%

30% 21%

20%

15%

17%

13%

20%

10%

10%

0%

0% Thurston Low Income

WA State Not Low Income

All

Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7)

WHAT WE KNOW.  Low income Thurston County high school students are more likely to have experienced physical abuse at some point in their childhood compared to all students and students who are not low income. − In 2012, almost half of low income Thurston County 10th graders had experienced physical abuse at some point in their childhood.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE. Domestic violence involves a pattern of aggressive and coercive behaviors between individuals in an intimate relationship. Domestic violence can take several forms including: physical violence, sexual violence, emotional violence and threats of violence. Abusive behaviors can look like biting, choking, rape, humiliation, vandalizing property, denying access to money to control the victim and homicide. Exposure to domestic violence negatively affects the health of children. Potential effects on children include: infants exhibiting attachment and feeding problems, preschool children showing anxiety and sleep disturbances, school age children presenting with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)like behaviors (e.g. distractibility) and aggression, and adolescents engaging in substance abuse and early sexual activity. (8-10)

MEASURE: Percent of county adults who witnessed domestic violence during their childhood.

Percent of Adults who Witnessed Domestic Violence during their Childhood and who have been the Victim of Domestic Violence during their Lifetime, Thurston County and Washington State 2011 25% 20%

20% 15%

15%

15%

14%

10% 5% 0% Thurston Witness domestic violence as a child

WA State Victim of domestic violence

Data Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (3) Data is for physical forms of domestic violence (e.g. punch, slap, kick)

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2011, 15% of Thurston County adults had witnessed domestic violence during their childhood. − This equates to an estimated 29,499 county adults witnessing physical violence between their parents during childhood.  In 2011, 15% of Thurston County adults had been victims of domestic violence at some point in their lifetime. Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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Percent of Youth who Experienced Dating Violence in the Past Year by Grade in School, Thurston County and Washington State 2012 15% 11% 9%

10%

8%

7% 5%

6%

5%

0% Thurston 8th Graders

WA State 10th Graders

12th Graders

Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7)

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2012, about 1 in 10 Thurston County 12th graders had experienced dating violence in the past year (9%).

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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BULLYING. Bullying is aggression. It can take many forms such as verbal harassment, spreading rumors through text messages, property destruction, social exclusion and physical attacks. Bullying is chronic (repeated over time) involves two or more people who do not have the same real or perceived power. Bullying not only affects the victim, but also bystanders who observe the abuse. Numerous negative outcomes are associated with being bullied including anxiety, contemplating suicide and physical symptoms related to the stress of being bullied. (11-13)

MEASURE: Percent of county youth who have been bullied.

Percent of Youth Experiencing Bullying in the Past Month by Grade in School, Thurston County and Washington State 2012 40%

30%

31%

30%

25%

24% 20%

18%

16%

10%

0% Thurston 8th Graders

WA State 10th Graders

12th Graders

Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7)

WHAT WE KNOW.  Bullying is a common experience among Thurston County middle school and high school students and has not declined over the past decade. − In 2012, 30% of Thurston County 8th graders had experienced bullying in the past month (in 2002, 29% had experienced bullying). − Among Thurston County 10th graders in 2012, 24% had experienced bullying in the past month (in 2002, 22% of county 10th graders had experienced bullying).  In 2012, 11% of Thurston County 8th graders and 12% of county 10th graders experienced electronic aggression (bullying, harassment or intimidation through technology devices such as a computer or cell phone) in the past month. Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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SUICIDE. Suicide is a serious health issue and is a leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults. Suicidal thoughts are not uncommon among youth. Research shows several key factors that help prevent youth suicide by counteracting or balancing suicidal thoughts or feelings. These protective factors include having positive coping skills, supportive friends or family, knowing people believe in you, being optimistic about the future and having adults around that notice how you are doing. (14-16)

MEASURE: Suicide related hospitalization rate for county youth age 15-24.

Suicide related Hospitalization Rate per 100,000 for Youth, Thurston County and Washington State 2007-2011

60.6 91.2

Thurston

97.7 88.3 63.6 86.1

WA State

89.3 77.3 0.0

20.0 Age 25+

40.0 Age 20-24

60.0 Age 18-19

80.0

100.0

120.0

Age 15-17

Data Source: Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System (17)

WHAT WE KNOW.  Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death for Thurston County youth age 15-24 (based on 20072011 data). The leading cause of death is accidents (e.g. unintentional injuries). (18) − On average each year there are 5 suicide deaths among county youth age 15-24.  Between 2007-2011 the suicide hospitalization rate for Thurston County youth was higher when compared to Washington State for all age groups (15-17, 18-19, 20-24) − On average each year there are 31 suicide related hospitalizations among county youth age 15-24. Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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MEASURE: Percent of county high school youth who seriously considered attempting suicide.

Percent of 10th Graders who Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide in the Past Year by Income, Thurston County and Washington State 2012 40%

40%

36% 31%

30%

30% 21%

20%

17%

19% 15%

20%

10%

10%

0%

0% Thurston Low Income

WA State Not Low Income

All

Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7)

WHAT WE KNOW.  Low income Thurston County high school students are more likely to have seriously considered attempting suicide compared to all students and students who are not low income. − In 2012, 36% of low income Thurston County 10th graders had seriously considered attempting suicide in the past year.  In 2012, of all Thurston County 10th graders who seriously considered attempting suicide 40% had attempted suicide at least once in the past year (60% had not).

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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HOMELESS. Some of the most vulnerable people in our community are homeless children and youth. Homeless children are more likely to have learning disabilities, emotional problems and chronic health conditions (e.g. asthma). Children who live through traumatic childhood experiences (e.g. child abuse) and stressful life situations (e.g. foster care placement) are at increased risk for homelessness as adults. There are many circumstances that increase a child’s risk for becoming homeless, such as living in home where domestic violence occurs, living in poverty and living in unaffordable housing. (19)

MEASURE: Number of county children who are homeless.

800

Number of Homeless Children Enrolled in Thurston County School Districts by Where They are at Night, Thurston County 2011-2012 School Year 763 Total = 1,123 Homeless Students

600

400 230 200

93

37

0 Unsheltered

Shelter

Motel

Doubled Up

Data Source: Homeless Children and Youth Data Collection System (20) Unsheltered = Living outdoors or place not fit for habitation Shelter = Living in temporary emergency shelter or transitional housing Motel = Living in motel or hotel due to having no other place to go Doubled Up = Living with relatives or friends due to loss of housing/economic hardship

WHAT WE KNOW.  During the 2011-2012, Thurston County school district identified 1,123 homeless students enrolled in preschool through 12th grade in local schools. − Of this total, 52% of county homeless students were in preschool - 6th grade and 48% were in 7th - 12th graders.  Homeless children who are not school age or in school are not included in the counts above.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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INCOME. Income is a determinant of health, meaning it influences how healthy you are and how long you live. Living in poverty and experiencing economic hardship is a threat to the health and well-being of children. Research shows that children who are lower income are more likely to be born low birth weight, lack preventive care, be in poorer overall health, have lower academic performance and lack basic necessities for living like nutritious food. (21-23)

MEASURE: Percent of county children who are low income or living in poverty (under 200% of poverty level). Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are Low Income or in Poverty, Thurston County 2008 and 2012 50% 40%

22%

30% 20% 20% 19% 10% 9% 0% 2008 Poverty (under 100%)

2012 Low Income (100% - 199%)

Data Source: American Community Survey (24) Below 200% = 0%-199% (income less than twice poverty). 0%-99% (in poverty), 100-199% (not in poverty, but low income).

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2012, 19% of all Thurston County children age birth to 17 were in poverty and 22% were low income (Washington State = 19% in poverty, 22% low income).  The number of Thurston County children age birth to 17 who are low income or living in poverty increased from an estimated 14,540 in 2008 to 23,354 in 2012. This equates to a 61% increase in the number of county children who are low income or living in poverty. − In 2012, the number of Thurston County children in poverty was 10,682 and the number low income was 12,672. In 2008, the number of county children in poverty was 4,478 and the number low income was 10,062.  Of Thurston County children who were low income or in poverty in 2012, 37% were age birth to 5 and 63% were age 6 to 17. Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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MEASURE: Percent of county children who are in severe poverty (under 50% of poverty level).

Percent of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are Living in Severe Poverty (under 50%), Thurston County 2008 and 2012 10% 8%

8% 6% 4%

3%

2% 0% 2008

2012

Data Source: American Community Survey (24) To be in severe poverty, referred to as under 50% of poverty, is to have less than half the annual household income that is considered the poverty line.

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2012, an estimated 8% of Thurston County children age birth to 17 lived in severe poverty.  The number of Thurston County children who are living in severe poverty increased from an estimated 1,509 in 2008 to 4,724 in 2012.  Of Thurston County children in severe poverty in 2012, 33% were age birth to 5 and 67% were age 6 to 17.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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SOCIAL SUPPORT AND RESILIENCE Natural supports and characteristics of children promote resilience and positive health outcomes.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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CARING ADULTS. Children and youth need positive relationships with adults who support, guide and value them. Caring adults are often parents or other family members, but not all children have a positive connection with family. School staff, neighbors and others in the community can also provide children with the sense that an adult is ‘there’ for them. The presence of caring adults is a protective factor for children and youth. Positive adult connections help children develop their potential, bounce back when things are not going well and reduce their risk for substance use and interpersonal violence. (25-27)

MEASURE: Percent of youth who feel they are not alone in life.

Percent of Youth Who Do Not Feel Alone by Grade in School and Income, Thurston County and Washington State 2012 100% 80%

100% 73%

71%

66%

65%

80%

60%

60%

40%

40%

20%

20%

0%

54%

51%

8th Graders

10th Graders

Thurston

WA State

0%

Low Income Thurston

Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7)

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2012, 73% of Thurston County 8th graders do not feel alone in life (27% feel alone). − Among low income county 8th graders, 54% did not feel alone in life (46% feel alone).  Between 8th grade and 10th grade, the percent of youth who do not feel alone begins to decrease. In 2012, 65% of Thurston County 10th graders do not feel alone in life (35% feel alone). − Among low income county 10th graders, 51% do not feel alone in life (49% feel alone).

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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MEASURE: Percent of youth who have a parent or adult to turn to.

Percent of Youth Who Have an Adult to Turn To, Thurston County 2012 100% 80%

81%

77%

76%

75%

60% 40% 20% 0% 8th Grade

10th Grade

Can Ask Parent for Help with Personal Problem Can Talk to Adult in Neighborhood about Something Important Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7)

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2012, among Thurston County 8th graders: − 81% could ask their parent for help if they had a personal problem (19% could not ask a parent for help) − 77% had an adult in their neighborhood they could talk to about something important (23% had no neighborhood adult to talk to).  In 2012, among Thurston County 10th graders: − 76% could ask their parent for help if they had a personal problem (24% could not ask a parent for help) − 75% had an adult in their neighborhood they could talk to about something important (25% had no neighborhood adult to talk to).  In 2012, 10% of Thurston County 8th graders and 12% of county 10th graders had neither a parent or neighborhood adult they could turn to about something personal or important.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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PARTICIPATION. Children and youth need opportunities to participate in activities that increase their confidence and help them contribute in meaningful ways. Meaningful participation can take many forms in family (e.g. developmentally appropriate chores, decision making), school (e.g. crossing guard, band, tutoring other students) and community settings (e.g. sports, dance). Children provided with opportunities to participate that incorporate some level of responsibility and support (e.g. verbal praise) are given the message that they are worthy and capable individuals. Participation can help build skills and a sense of competence that contribute to a child’s long term health and well-being. (28)

MEASURE: Percent of youth who have after school opportunities to participate.

Percent of Youth being Given Weekly Opportunities to Participate in Supervised After School Activities by Grade in School and Income, Thurston County and Washington State 2012 80% 65%

62%

67%

65%

60% 40% 20% 0%

48%

51%

8th Graders

10th Graders

Thurston

WA State

Low Income Thurston

Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7) Weekly after school activities are those occurring one or more days in the average week at school or away from school such as sports, art, music, dance, drama, or community service, religious, or club activities.

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2012, 62% of Thurston County 8th graders had weekly opportunities to participate in supervised after school activities (38% did not). − Among low income county 8th graders, 48% had weekly opportunities to participate (52% did not).  In 2012, 65% of Thurston County 10th graders had weekly opportunities to participate in supervised after school activities (35% did not). − Among low income county 10th graders, 51% had weekly opportunities to participate (49% did not). Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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MEASURE: Percent of youth who have opportunities to participate in decision making.

Percent of Youth who Have Opportunities to Participate in Family and School Decisions, Thurston County 2012 80%

70% 63%

60%

52%

51%

40% 20% 0% 8th Grade

10th Grade

Parents Ask Me What I Think About Family Decisions Affecting Me School Provides Chances to Help Decide Class Activities and Rules Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7)

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2012, among Thurston County 8th graders: − 70% had the opportunity to share what they thought before most family decisions affecting them were made (30% did not) − 52% had lots of opportunities to help decide things at school like class activities and rules (48% did not)  In 2012, among Thurston County 10th graders: − 63% had the opportunity to share what they thought before most family decisions affecting them were made (37% did not) − 51% had lots of opportunities to help decide things at school like class activities and rules (49% did not)

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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PURPOSE. Children and youth do better when they have a sense of purpose or direction. Purpose can come from a wide range of beliefs and attitudes, often taking the form of goals and aspirations that are uniquely meaningful to each child. Having a sense of purpose can grow when things that spark a child’s interest are supported and valued by those around them. This future outlook on life and self impacts daily decisions, influences behavior and promotes psychological health. (29)

MEASURE: Percent of youth who look forward to the future.

Percent of Youth who Look Forward to the Future by Grade in School and Income, Thurston County and Washington State 2012 80%

77%

77%

73%

72%

80%

60%

60%

40%

40%

20%

20%

0%

61%

58%

8th Graders

10th Graders

Thurston

WA State

0%

Low Income Thurston

Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7)

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2012, 77% of Thurston County 8th graders looked forward to the future. − Among low income county 8th graders, 61% looked forward to the future.  In 2012, 72% of Thurston County 10th graders looked forward to the future. − Among low income county 10th graders, 58% looked forward to the future.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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MEASURE: Percent of youth who have goals and plans for the future. Percent of 6th Grade Youth who Have Goals and Plans for the Future, Thurston County and Washington State 2012 100%

12%

13%

88%

87%

80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Thurston Have Goals and Plans

WA State No Goals or Plans

Data Source: Healthy Youth Survey (7) th Youth is 6 grade are usually 11-12 years old.

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2010, 88% of Thurston County 6th graders have goals and plans for the future (12% did not).

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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EARLY LEARNING AND PREVENTIVE SERVICES Access to services that prevent health problems and promote healthy child development is vital.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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EARLY PRENATAL CARE. Entering prenatal care early, within the 1st – 3rd month of pregnancy, improves the health of both mother and baby. Prenatal care is a set of medical services that supports having a healthy pregnancy. These services include identifying and treating conditions and/or behaviors that may result in negative birth outcomes. Quality prenatal care reduces the chance of complications during pregnancy, having a baby that is preterm (born too early) and risk for birth defects. (30-31)

MEASURE: Percent of county women receiving prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy by age. Percent of Women Receiving Prenatal Care in the First Trimester of Pregnancy by Age Group: Thurston County and Washington State 2010-2012 100% 80%

78% 65%

83%

68%

63%

69%

74%

81%

60% 40% 20% 0% Thurston Age 15-17

Age 18-19

WA State Age 20-24

Age 25+

Data Source: Birth Certificates (32)

WHAT WE KNOW.  Between 2010-2012, 81% of Thurston County women of all ages had prenatal care starting in the first trimester of pregnancy (Washington State = 79%). − Younger Thurston County women are less likely to start prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy.  On average each year 567 Thurston County women have no prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy (based on 2010-2012 data).

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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ATTENDING PRESCHOOL. Attending a quality preschool has numerous positive effects on the well-being of children. Research shows that preschool participation influences readiness for school, academic achievement and reduces the impact of disabilities or developmental delays that might otherwise require specialized educational instruction in later years. Early child development and success in school are foundational to health. (3334)

MEASURE: Percent of county children age 3-4 attending preschool. Percent of Children Age 3-4 by Preschool Attendance: Thurston County and Washington State 2012 100% 80%

40%

40%

60%

60%

Thurston

WA State

60% 40% 20% 0%

Not in Preschool

In Preschool

Data Source: American Community Survey (24)

WHAT WE KNOW.  In 2012, an estimated 40% or about 2,461 Thurston County children age 3-4 were in preschool (Washington = 40%). − An estimated 3,652 county children age 3-4 did not attend preschool (60%).  Of Thurston County children attending preschool in 2012, 13% lived in poverty and 87% did not.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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POPULATION CHANGE Demographic and societal shifts are occurring locally and projected over the next decade.

Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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MORE CHILDREN. Children need many things to develop their full potential and be as healthy as possible – caring adults, learning opportunities, health care, safe housing and nutritious food are just a few. A growing population of children can change the demand for local services, including child care and school programs. Keeping pace with population growth can be a challenge. As the number of children increases, access to needed services can become a critical issue for families and communities. (35)

MEASURE: Percent change in number county children age birth to 17. Percent Change in Number of Children by Age Group, Thurston County and Washington State 2000-2012 9%

All Children 0-17

4% 18%

Birth to Preschool Age 0-4

10% 6%

School Age 5-17

2% 0%

5% Thurston

10%

15%

20%

WA State

Data Source: Washington State Office of Financial Management (36-37)

WHAT WE KNOW.  Between 2000-2012, the number of children living in Thurston County increased at a faster pace when compared with Washington State overall (Thurston = 9% increase, WA State 4% increase). − The number of children age birth to 17 living in Thurston County was 52,527 in 2000 and 58,122 in 2010. In 2012, the number is estimated at 57,370.  The number of young children, age birth to 4, living in Thurston County increased by 18% between 2000-2012. − There were 12,827 county children age birth to 4 in 2000 and 15,381 in 2010. In 2012, the number is estimated at 15,200.  The number of school age children, 5 to 17, living in Thurston County increased by 8% between 2000-2012. − There were 39,700 county children age 5 to 17 in 2000 and 42,741 in 2010. In 2012, the number is estimated at 42,171. Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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Number of Children by Single Year Age Group, Thurston County Census 2010 Under 1 year

3,065

1 year

3,022

2 years

3,105

3 years

3,194

4 years

2,995

5 years

3,038

6 years

3,170

7 years

3,018

8 years

3,047

9 years

3,356

10 years

3,296

11 years

3,307

12 years

3,279

13 years

3,322

14 years

3,355

15 years

3,428

16 years

3,478

17 years

3,647 0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

Number of Children Data Source: Decennial Census (38)

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TRANSITION AGE YOUTH. Adolescents and young adults face a range of unique opportunities, challenges and decisions that can have a lifelong impact on their health. Transition age youth, those 16 to 24 years old, have unique needs and often experience significant discontinuity in home and community life that can be difficult to navigate. Youth with behavioral, emotional, developmental and/or physical disabilities can find this time period complicated as they move from child-serving systems to adult systems. Transition age youth who have dropped out of school, are aging out of foster care, had previous involvement with the justice system or are homeless are particularly vulnerable to poorer health outcomes. (39-41)

MEASURE: Number of county youth age 16 to 24. Number of Transition Age Youth 16 to 24 Years Old: Thurston County 2000-2012 40,000 17% increase between 2000-2012 30,000

30,469

25,933

20,000

10,000

0 2000

2012

Data Source: Washington State Office of Financial Management (36-37)

WHAT WE KNOW.  Between 2000-2012 the number of transition age youth, 16 to 24 years old, living in Thurston County increased by 17 % (WA State 13% increase).  The number of transition age youth (16 to 24 years old) living in Thurston County was 25,933 in 2000 and 30,113 in 2010. In 2012, the number is estimated at 30,469. − In 2012, 12% of the total county population was age 16-24 years old.

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MEASURE: Number of county youth age 16 to 24 by single year age group. Number of Transition Age Youth 16 to 24 by Single Year Age Group, Thurston County Census 2010 16 years

3,478

17 years

3,647

18 years

3,438

19 years

3,225

20 years

3,305

21 years

3,294

22 years

3,133

23 years

3,320

24 years

3,273 0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

Number of Transition Age Youth Data Source: Decennial Census (38)

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MAP GALLERY Health in detail.

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Rate of Victims in Accepted Child Abuse and Neglect Referrals 2011 Thurston County = 26.3 per 1,000, Washington State = 33.7 per 1,000 Data Source: Washington State Department of Social & Health Services, Research & Data Analysis www.dshs.wa.gov/rda/research/risk.shtm

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# of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17 Years Old) who are Low Income or Living in Poverty 2008-2012 Estimates: Thurston County = 18,883 children Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey Map data represents the population living within the geographic boundaries of each school district, regardless of whether or where they attend school. Some school district boundaries cross county lines, adding district figures together will not produce a county total or equal 100% as some residents of other counties are included in local school district totals.

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17 Years Old) who are Low Income or Living in Poverty 2008-2012 Estimates: Thurston County = 33%, Washington State = 38% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

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% of Young Children Age Birth to 5 (0 to 5 Years Old) who are Low Income or Living in Poverty 2008-2012 Estimates: Thurston County = 39%, Washington State = 42% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

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% of School Age Children Age 6 to 17 Years Old who are Low Income or Living in Poverty 2008-2012 Estimates: Thurston County = 31%, Washington State = 36% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

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% of Families with Children Age Birth to 17 Headed by a Married Couple 2008-2012 Estimates: Thurston County = 67%, Washington State = 71% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

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% of Families with Children Age Birth to 17 Headed by One Parent 2008-2012 Estimates: Thurston County = 33%, Washington State = 29% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 in One Parent Families who are Low income or Living in Poverty 2008-2012 Estimates: Thurston County = 57%, Washington State = 63% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

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# of Children Age Birth to 4 Years Old Thurston County: 15,381 in 2010 Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

Map data represents the population living within the geographic boundaries of each school district, regardless of whether or where they attend school. Some school district boundaries cross county lines, adding district figures together will not produce a county total or equal 100% as some residents of other counties are included in local school district totals.

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# of School Age Children 5 to 17 Years Old Thurston County: 42,741 in 2010 Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

Map data represents the population living within the geographic boundaries of each school district, regardless of whether or where they attend school. Some school district boundaries cross county lines, adding district figures together will not produce a county total or equal 100% as some residents of other counties are included in local school district totals.

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# of Children Age Birth to 17 Years Old Thurston County: 58,122 in 2010 Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

Map data represents the population living within the geographic boundaries of each school district, regardless of whether or where they attend school. Some school district boundaries cross county lines, adding district figures together will not produce a county total or equal 100% as some residents of other counties are included in local school district totals.

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% of Population who are Children Age Birth to 17 Years Old Thurston County: 23% in 2010 Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

Map data represents the population living within the geographic boundaries of each school district, regardless of whether or where they attend school. Some school district boundaries cross county lines, adding district figures together will not produce a county total or equal 100% as some residents of other counties are included in local school district totals.

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# of Transition Age Youth (16 to 24 Years Old) Thurston County: 30,113 in 2010 Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010

Map data represents the population living within the geographic boundaries of each school district, regardless of whether or where they attend school. Some school district boundaries cross county lines, adding district figures together will not produce a county total or equal 100% as some residents of other counties are included in local school district totals.

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% of Population who are Children or Transition Age Youth (Birth to 24 Years Old) Thurston County: 32% in 2010 Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010 Map data represents the population living within the geographic boundaries of each school district, regardless of whether or where they attend school. Some school district boundaries cross county lines, adding district figures together will not produce a county total or equal 100% as some residents of other counties are included in local school district totals.

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are White 2010 Census: Thurston County = 74%, Washington State = 69% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010 Note: White is a federally defined racial group referring to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. Figures are based on being White alone, of no other race(s).

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are Multiracial 2010 Census: Thurston County = 12%, Washington State = 10% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010 Note: Multiracial is defined as being of two or more federally defined racial groups (American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander or White). Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are Asian 2010 Census: Thurston County = 5%, Washington State = 7% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010 Note: Asian is a federally defined racial group referring to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent. Figures are based on being Asian alone, of no other race(s).

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are Black or African American 2010 Census: Thurston County = 3%, Washington State = 4% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010 Note: Black is a federally defined racial group referring to person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. Figures are based on being Black alone, of no other race(s).

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are American Indian or Alaska Native 2010 Census: Thurston County = 1%, Washington State = 2% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010 Note: American Indian or Alaska Native is a federally defined racial group referring to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment. Figures are based on being American Indian or Alaska Native alone, of no other race(s).

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander 2010 Census: Thurston County = 1%, Washington State = 1% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010 Note: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander is a federally defined racial group referring to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. Figures are based on being Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander alone, of no other race(s).

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are Other (none of the listed racial groups) 2010 Census: Thurston County = 3%, Washington State = 8% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010 Note: Other race means the person identified with none of the federally defined racial groups (American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander or White). Child and Youth Resilience Action Team Data Snapshot Thurston Thrives Community Assessment 2014

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17) who are Hispanic or Latino 2010 Census: Thurston County = 12%, Washington State = 19% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2010 Note: Hispanic or Latino is defined as an ethnicity referring to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race. A person is considered either Hispanic or non-Hispanic, they can be of any race.

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% of Children Age Birth to 17 (0 to 17 Years Old) who Moved to a Different Home in the Past Year 2008-2012 Estimates: Thurston County = 21%, Washington State = 17% Data Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey

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• •

Special Education serves children age preschool through 21 who have a disability that requires specially designed instruction to help the child progress in school. Section 504 serves school age children who have a disability that requires accommodations, but not specially designed instruction, to help the child participate in school. Data Source: Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, Washington State Report Card http://reportcard.ospi.k12.wa.us

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(20) (21)

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(41)

Homeless Students in Washington State by School District. 2012. Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. www.k12.wa.us/HomelessEd/Data.aspx Disparities in Early Learning and Development: Lessons from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). 2009. Child Trends. www.childtrends.org/?publications=disparities-in-earlylearning-and-development-lessons-from-the-early-childhood-longitudinal-study-birth-cohort-ecls-b Children in Poverty. 2013. Child Trends. www.childtrends.org/?indicators=children-in-poverty The Rising Prevalence of Severe Poverty in America: A Growing Threat to Public Health. 2006. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(06)00233-9/abstract American Community Survey. Single Year 2008 and 2012. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/ Risk and Protective Factors for Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Across the Life Cycle. 2009. Institute of Medicine. Youth Violence: Risk and Protective Factors. 2011. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/riskprotectivefactors.html Resilience in Children and Youth: A Review. 2012. Children and Youth Services Review. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740912003337 Fostering Resiliency in Kids: Protective Factors in Family, School and Community. 1991. University of Minnesota, National Resilience Resource Center. Purpose. 2013. Child Trends. www.childtrends.org/our-research/positive-indicators/positive-indicatorsproject/purpose/ What is Prenatal Care and Why is it Important? 2013. United States Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/pregnancy/conditioninfo/Pages/prenatal-care.aspx Access to Prenatal and Preconception Care: The Health of Washington State. 2007. Washington State Department of Health. Birth Certificates. Three Years Combined 2010-2012. Prepared by Thurston County Public Health & Social Services. The Effectiveness of Early Childhood Development Programs: A Systematic Review. 2003. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. www.thecommunityguide.org/healthequity/education/centerbasedprograms.html Synthesis of IES Research on Early Intervention and Early Childhood Education. 2013. U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Educational Studies. What Every Child Needs for Good Mental Health. 2013. Mental Health America. www.mentalhealthamerica.net/farcry/go/information/get-info/children-s-mental-health/what-everychild-needs-for-good-mental-health Intercensal Estimates of April 1 Population by Age and Sex: 2000-2010. Washington State Office of Financial Management. www.ofm.wa.gov/pop/asr/ic/default.asp Postcensal Estimates of April 1 Population by Age and Sex: 2010-Present. Washington State Office of Financial Management. www.ofm.wa.gov/pop/asr/default.asp Census 2010. United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/ Transition Age Youth. 2012. United States Interagency Working Group on Youth Programs. http://findyouthinfo.gov/youth-topics/transition-age-youth Youth at High Risk of Disconnection. 2008. The Annie E. Casey Foundation. www.aecf.org/KnowledgeCenter/Publications.aspx?pubguid=%7B61CC54FE-28E6-443A-842125CBD8D6B90D%7D Supporting Youth in Transition to Adulthood: Lessons Learned from Child Welfare and Juvenile Justice. 2009. Georgetown University, Center for Juvenile Justice Reform. http://cjjr.georgetown.edu/

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Thurston County Public Health & Social Services Department 412 Lilly Road NE, Olympia, WA 98506 Phone: 360-867-2500, Fax: 360-867-2601 TDD: 1-800-658-6384 Website: www.co.thurston.wa.us/health Twitter: @ThurstonHealth

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