Drama and Drama Therapy: A Novel Aphasia Group Experience - ASHA

0 downloads 325 Views 402KB Size Report
1Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment ... Research and Treatment ... Consisten
Drama and Drama Therapy: A Novel Aphasia Group Experience Ann Oehring1,2, Keith Whipple3, Ted Rubenstein3,4, Leora R. Cherney1,2,5 1Rehabilitation

Institute of Chicago, Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment University, Dept. of Communication Sciences and Disorders for Therapy through the Arts; 4Chicago School of Professional Psychology; 5Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine 2Northwestern 3Institute

RIC Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment „

Mission Statement … Promote

the development and implementation of rehabilitation practices that enhance the communication skills of individuals with aphasia and facilitate their engagement in life activities

„

Aphasia Community Groups … To

respond to the challenge of “living with aphasia.” with the Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA)

… Consistent

Life Participation Approach to Aphasia (LPAA) „ „

„

General philosophy and model of service-delivery Consumer-Driven: empowers the consumer to select and participate in the recovery process and to collaborate on the design of interventions that aim for a more rapid return to active life. Explicit goal is enhancement of life participation strengthening daily participation in activities of choice The LPAA Project Group - Roberta Chapey, Judith F. Duchan, Roberta J. Elman, Linda J. Garcia, Aura Kagan, Jon Lyon, and Nina Simmons-Mackie

http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/LPAA.htm

Social Practice Principles and Aphasia

Equalizing social relations Creating authentic involvement „ Creating engaging experiences „ Establishing user control „ „

Byng, S., Duchan, J.F. (2005) Social model philosophies and principles: Their applications to therapies for aphasia Aphasiology, 19,906-922

Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment: Class Examples Conversation Group Book Club „ Topic Specific Groups „ „

… Examples:

Humor Music „ Travel „ What’s in the News / Controversies „ Biographical Writing „ Movies „ The 50’s: A decade in depth „ „

Definition of Drama Therapy The systematic and intentional use of drama/theater processes, products, and associations to achieve the therapeutic goals of symptom relief, emotional and physical integration and personal growth. Drama therapy is an active, experiential approach that facilitates the client's ability to tell his/her story, solve problems, set goals, express feelings appropriately, achieve catharsis, extend the depth and breadth of inner experience, improve interpersonal skills and relationships, and strengthen the ability to perform personal life roles while increasing flexibility between roles.

Drama Therapy is not… The same as creative drama Drama for therapists „ Therapy for dramatists „ Doing a play for or with individuals with special needs „ „

Drama Therapy is… „ „ „ „ „ „

An interactive experience Focused on solving problems A way to include all people in all aspects of life About individual change, group change and social change All about change Informed by and mediated by scientific and scholarly research.

Overall Approaches

Therapeutic work Adaptive Art

The Umbrella of Drama Therapy

Role play Revelatory Storytelling Performances Sociodrama

Developmental Transformation

Theatre as Therapy

Psychodrama

Playback

Process Start of session Central Concern

Individual Concern

Working from the outside in.

Distance

Distance helps the protagonist see and reflect behaviors, feelings and beliefs while preserving needed defenses

Prevailing models of Drama Therapy Role Theory (Landy, Emunah, Sarbin) „ Developmental Method (Johnson) „ Psychodrama (Moreno, Blatner) „ Constructivist Cognitive Approach „ Direct Problem Solving - Rehearse behaviors and scripts for upcoming events - stress inoculation and self-efficacy. „

Metaphor allows the individual to bridge the gap between What is and what should be…Pearce, 1996 p. xiii

Moving Thought into Action through Metaphor Coles, 1989; Cameron-Bandler, 1978 Metaphors offer us other eyes to point us in new directions „ It can give us an experience we have never yet had but one that we need to actually live „ Metaphors contain solutions or sets of solutions which can point to new solutions. „ „

The action of metaphor Metaphor as a redefinition „ The parabolic experience of metaphor „

Metaphor as culture Transformative texts, Bruner Malinowski (1936), Functionalist metaphors „ Kluckhohn (1942) Cultural sustainability „ Rosaldo (1986) commonality through allusion – telegraphic shorthand „ „

The use of image and speech, thought and deed „ „ „ „

Drama therapy emphasizes the interplay between thought and speech Communication of idea through non-verbal and verbal means The act and the image combine into a theatrical moment, allowing the invisible to become visible Theatricality in all its forms allow for shared meaning of metaphor and communication

“Waiting on the Words” „

An Original Play

„

Written, Staged, and Performed by participants in the Theater Group Class

„

RIC Center for Aphasia Research and Treatment, Chicago, IL Institute for Therapy Through the Arts, Evanston, IL

„

Theater Experience „

“Theater Experience – Join us for an innovative new group! Use improvisation techniques to develop and create your own material. The group will culminate in a multi-media production in June for our Aphasia Day. If you don’t feel comfortable being on stage, there are many things you can do ‘backstage’… Just bring yourself and your interest!”

Theatrical Model

„

Producers Director Stage Manager Cast Tech Crew Artistic Staff

„

Writers

„ „ „ „ „

Structural Overview 18 weeks Once weekly, 90 minute meetings „ 3 additional weeks of rehearsal „ Dress rehearsal „ Staged, Multi-Media Performance „ „

Additional Logistics Each session audio and video taped „ Each tape transcribed „ Meetings: „

… Administrative … Development

„

Support material creation & distribution

Participants „ „ „ „ „

14 participants with aphasia (9M; 5F) Age: 31 yrs – 76 yrs (Mean=55.85 yrs) Etiology: 13 stroke; 1 GSW Time post onset: 11 mnths – 27 yrs (Mean=6.1 yrs) Severity and type of aphasia – varied (formal testing not required for participation in aphasia community groups)

„ „

Ethnicity: 12 White; 2 Black Vocation: Varied (E.g., surgeon; history professor; janitor; businessman; musician, actor; real estate agent; retail store owner; housewife; lawyer; physical therapist; actuary)

Stages of the Drama Process Encountering the Drama/Theater Experience Games and Exercises

Exploring the Drama/Theater Experience Improvised Storytelling, Fluid Sculptures, Sociogram/Spectrograms Psychodrama, Playback Scenes

Elaborating the Drama/Theater Experience Improvised Scene Rehearsal, Script Generation & Revision, Rehearsal of Scripted Material

Preserving the Drama/Theatre Experience Performance

Encountering the Theater Experience:Initial Sessions „

Establish …A

safe and welcoming environment communication … Full inclusion … Equal

Skills are developed in the fun and excitement of playing theater games „ Point of focus „

…A

manageable task that commands attention and diverts anxiety

Theater Games „

Stimulate the desire and encourage our ability to communicate, which precedes our facility with words

„

“The actuality of communication is more important than the method.” Viola Spolin

Sample Theater Games „ „ „

„ „

Playing “ball” in the circle Introduce yourself with a sound and a movement Pass-Repeat-Pass sound and movement around in circle Selection of theater games is determined by the individual’s involved Adaptive process

Exploring the Drama/Theater Experience: Development Sessions „ „

Use every group member’s contributions As the desire to share personal biography began to be expressed it became important to use a variety of drama therapy techniques to frame experiences and provide the opportunity for group connection and expression of personal material

Choosing the Amount of Distance

Sample Techniques „

Past and Future Projections … Recreating

scenes from the past, or portraying scenes that have yet to occur

„

Sociograms/Spectrograms … Group

members stand individually where they feel they fit given a range of choices laid out in the physical space, and notice the choices and proximity of others in relation to themselves

„

Sculpt … Taking

an emotional experience & giving it a visible shape, a physical expression

Inclusion „

Scripting the verbal and non-verbal … Make

a concrete experience of feelings and ideas

… Try many ways to do and say the same thing „ Practice exaggeration, association, metaphor, and the wearing of other people’s shoes

„

Example … The

group explored many ways to relate to others what it is like to have aphasia … Concrete physical metaphors were most useful for those who could not verbally express their experiences

Elaborating the Experience: Setting the Script and Rehearsal Sessions „

„

Having discovered together that they wanted to communicate and what they wanted to communicate, they moved to how they wanted to communicate Example: … The

Past, Present, Future exercise gave the show a working structure … Parts were retained from improvisation that allowed both more verbal and less verbal members to have an active role in the show

„

Editing

„

Negotiating

„

Shifting leadership roles

„

Participating in the experience with the audience

„

Practice

Preserving the Drama Theater Experience: Concluding Sessions „

Individualized “line” revisions

„

Performance … Check

our website in a few weeks: www.ric.org/aphasia

Feedback: Email from a participant „

“Thank you very much. You know, with the play, I was exited. I can sharpen my sensory memory. Keith suggested that I write some music score. I was hesitant. I only want my lines…memorize…and then rehearse with all the actors. I was focus on one thing. But, as my President Obama said, “I can do more than one thing!”… At the play…achieve this… It’s the story…..living, breathing story. The in result, the play. It’s the story that has to tell. -P