Dutchtown District - City of Stillwater

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the Schdenb~ug elementaq school at N. Second Street and E. Willow Street ...... mill engine could trot be reached on acc
Winter/Spring, 1998 National Register Identification and Evaluation Study

Submitted to: 'The City of Stillwater Heritage Preservation Committee

Prepared by Donald Empson Empson Archives P.O. Box 791 Stillwater, MN 55082 June, 1998

Abstract

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With Gratitude to

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Introduction

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Research Design

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Preface

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Before Dutchtown

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Charlottenburg, 1853-1880

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Dutchtown, 1880-1894

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The Transition Years, 1894-1902

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The Waning Time, 1902-1960

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The Metamorphosis, 1950-Present

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Appendix A

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Appendix B

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Appendix C

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Contexts

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Page 119

Bibliography

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Recommendations

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ACKNO\+%EDGEMENT O F HISTORIC PRESERVATION F T N D S W P O R T .4ND NONDISCRlMINATION POLICY This project h a s been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of Interior, through the AIinnesota Historical Society under provisions of the National Historic Preservation Act a s amendea. However the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior. Under Title VI of the Civll Rights Act of 1964 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the U.S. Department of Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or handicap i n its federally assisted program. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program activity, or facility a s described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240.

ABSTRACT O n e hundred and fourteen properties within an area of approximately one hundred and fifty acres were surveyed for inclusion on the National Register-of Historic Places. These properties are located in S m w a t e r , Washington County, Minnesota in an area designated as the Dutchtown HPPA. As a result of my survey I believe there are three properties within the area that might be considered for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. The complete papers generated by this survey will be deposited with the City of Stillwater, and the Minnesota Historical Society.

Brent Peterson, Director of Research of the Warden's House Museum; Barry Stack, surveyor; Greg Brick, St. Louis researcher; and Angela Anderson.

German translator. John Baer of the Washington County Surveyor's office: Sue Fitzgerald of the Department of Development for the City of Stillwater: Klayton Eckles, Stillwater City Engineer; the staff of the Stdwater Public Library; Heritage Preservation Commission members; and David Reichow,

Captain;StiUwater Fire Department. For t h e i r h e l p a n d support, 1 would like t o t h a n k t h e following Dutchtown residents and descendants: Deborah Desteno

Jane Schwartz

Ralph Diethert

Paul Deleon

Ned Windmiller

Douglas & Barbara Vollmer

Dorothy & Emil VoUmer

Dr. Frederick KaLinoff,Jr.

Jack Gilbert

Judy Foster

David & Evelyn Linner

Kim Wolf

Jackie and Roy Coleman

Helen Wolf

Herbert Balfanz

George Kahl

Hazel Winterlin

Robert Anderson

Barry Bailey

... and myparticular thanks to Louise Berg and Donald Teske for their enthusiasm and personal archives.

Between December 1, 1995, and June 1, 1998, Empson Archives conducted a National Register survey of the Dutchtown HPPA residential area of Stillwater, Washington County, Minnesota. The project area lay within (but did not include entirely) Government Lots 2, 3, and 4 of Section 21, Township 30, Range 20. Included within the survey area are Blocks 24 to 57 of Carli & Schulenburg's Addition to Stillwater. The-objective of the study rvas to conduct an intensive historical survey of the Dutchtown residential neighborhood bounded by, or on a line with, North Fourth Street on the West; The St. Croix River on the East; East Sycamore Street on the South; and East Alder Street on the North. There are 114 structures within this survey area covering roughly 150 acres. The work was conducted between December 13[, 1997 and June la!, 1998 by Donald Empson, the principal investigator; and his wife, Kathleen Vadnais. Donald Empson, the principal investigator, meets the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Qualifications Standards. Many residents of the survey area contributed to the research for this project by answering questions about their homes and the neighborhood. I have acknowledged these individuals on the ~ r e v i o u spage, in the text, and on the Inventory Forms regarding their particular homes. 11

Particular thanks to Brent T. Peterson, a fellow historian, and a Commissioner on the Stillwater Historic Preservation Commission, for his corrections to this manuscript, and for his bringing some historic house Also many thanks to Sue Fitzgerald, photographs to my attention. coordinator to the Stillwater Historic Preservation Commission, for her efforts in expediting the work of this survey. included dwellings, associated The property types in this s-ey garages and camage houses, outbuildings, objects and structures, and businesses. These properties were located, photographed and their physical descriptions documented. The project team compiled building files on each inventoried site for the City of Stillwater's Heritage Preservation Commission. A project report was for the City of Stillwater and for the Minnesota State Historic Preservation Office. The format of the final report is determined by regulations of the Minnesota Historical Society.

Properties within the Dutchtown residential area were evaluated for preliminary National Register sigdicance i n terms of one appropriate statewide historic contexts: "St. Croix Valley Triangle urnb be ring' (18431914)." The project team consulted the Stillwater historic context study CVogel 1993) in evaluatin g local s i d c a n c e and determined the appropriate context was: "Development of Residential Neighborhoods i n Stillwater, 1850's-1940's.''

This effort i s part of the on-going program of the Minnesota Bstorical Society's State tIistoric Preservation Office (SHPO) which began after passage of the Historic Preservation Act of 1966, a s amended. The SHPO administers the National Register of Historic Places program in Minnesota. I n the early years of this program, the SHPO concentrated on basic inventories of the 87 counties in h e s o t a on a county-by-county basis.

Stillwater established a Heritage Preservation Commission in 1973 and, in conjunction with a federal grant from the m n n e s o t a SHPO, contracted for is first National Register survey of the downtown commercial area i n 1988. This study led to the placing of Stillwater's downtown commercial area on the National Register in 1991. I n 1992-3, the Stillwater Heritage Preservation Commission (HPC) received a Certified Local Government (CLG) grant and sponsored a study of historic contexts in the city, conducted by Robert C. Vogel and Associates. The final report, "Stilltuater Historic Contexts: A Colctprehe~~sive Plonr~ir~g Approach," was completed in July 1993. The Stillwater HPC h a s divided the city's neighborhoods into fistoric Preservation Planning Areas (HPPAs) and intends to proceed with systematic surveys of all Stillwater neighborhoods over the next decade. The current report summarizes the results of the fourth HPPA to be systemically surveyed. The three previous surveys were of the North H ill (Original Town) the South Hill (Original Town), and the Greeley Residential Area. The Stillwater Heritage Preservation Commission h a s indicated t h a t it win make selected parts of this survey history available to the residents of the area. I t is also anticipated that Donald Empson, the principal investigator, will offer an historical tour of the a r e a during the summer of 1998.

RESEARCH DESIGN T h e project area lay within (but did not include entirely) Government Lots 2, 3, and 4 of Section 21, Township 30, Range 20. Included within the survey area are Blocks 24 to 57 of Carli & Schulenburg's Addition to Stillwater. We have done a thorough study of the area, despite the considerable time and money constraints. We have used the yearly t a x assessor's r e c o r d s collected in the State Archives and available on microfilm, 1861-1900; at the Stillwater Public Library--a g& of Rivertown Restoration. These records were generated much the same way they are today. Every year the tax assessor viewed all the properties in the city and made an estimate of the market value of the land and the improvements. By following a property through the years, it is usually possible to determine when the value jumped from that of a lot only to that of a lot with a building on it. This record also contains the name of the property owner through the years. While this kind of research is tedious in the extreme, it gave us accurate information that can be found in no other way. (Two previous surveys have used the date of the building found on the assessment card a t the tax assessor's office. Before the turn of the century, these dates are notoriously inaccurate, an admission readily made by the tax assessor's office itself.) Rivertown Restoration recently paid to have the Stillwater building p e r m i t applications, 1886-1940, microfilmed. They, along with an index compiled by Kay Thueson, are available a t the Stillwater Public ~ibrary.'The applications give the date of building, the size of the structure, name of the owner, sometimes the name of the builder and architect, and other incidental information. There are also applications for repairs and remodeling. This information was invaluable and essential for this study. There are useful records available in the Water D e p a r t m e n t , t h e F i r e D e p a r t m e n t , and the P u b l i c W o r k s D e p a r t m e n t and i n the M i n u t e s of t h e Stillwater City Council that have never been used before. The S a n b o r n I n s u r a n c e M a p s did not illustrate the residential area, but they were usefld in following the history of the some of the businesses. There are a number of u n p u b l i s h e d m a n u s c r i p t s and some published reminiscences which contained useful information, but since they are often inaccurate, we only quoted them when we could verify their information from another source. In general, we used only original sources for our research.

For visual aids, there are two Birdts E y e View &laps of Stillwater drawn in 1869, and again in 1879, With their accurate representations of each house and bddulg, these were extremely useful, and we reproduced sections of both maps in the text of this report. We talked t o t h e residents of the area in cases where we had some uncertainties; when convenient we obtained copies of Property Abstracts. We also used tbe land records at the office of the Recorder of Deeds. We also used the Stillwater City Directories; consulted the local newspapers on microfilm at the Stillwater Public Library, and pursued other research materials that were useful. We 'incorporated the information glcaned korn our research in the context of Robert Vogel's S t i U ~ a t e rHistoric Contexts and other research done previously in Stillwater. We reb-ienred the survey work on the properties prepared by the Stillwater Heritage Preservation Commission.

We identified, dated, and cataloged the 114 properties in the Preservation Planning Area in the manner required by the Minnesota I&storicd Society. Mre discussed the architectural styles in the Preservation Planning Area and compared them to other Stillwater neighborhoods.

We photographed all properties. We have prepared a report that describes the development of the areal recommendations for future survey work, and evaluated the possibility of properties that might be eligible for local historic designation andlor eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. We are not making any nominations ourselves. We have discussed any possible planning methods for preservation of historic structures, landscapes, and neighborhoods. We have attended three meetings with the Stillwater H.P.C. The work was conducted between December Ist, 1997 and June la', 1998 by Donald Empson, the principal investigator and his wife, Kathleen Vadnais.

TOoutsiders, the auslanders, it was known a s Dutchtown; but

to the German inhabitants of thls riverside community at the north end of Stillwater, the proper name of their settlement was Charlottenburg. Begun in 1853, when the St. Louis, Missouri, firm of the Schdenburg and Boetkeler Lumber Company built a sawmill at the foot of Sycamore Street, the community existed until 1902 a s a company mill town. The MiLl provided employment for its residents, sold them goods from its own company store, and housed them in modest homes built by the company on lots owned by the company. The community formed a roughly rectangular shape, with the waterfront Mill at the foot of E. Sycamore Street a s its southeast corner, to the S c h d e n b ~ u gelementaq school at N.Second Street and E. Willow Street as its northwest' corner. Separated by almost a mile from downtown Stillwater, the laboring residents of this community spoke and wrote in German, observed their own customs and traditions, and often ihtermarried with one another. In time, a s the wealthier bosses and foremen working in the Mill built their homes in more desirable areas of Stillwater, Dutchtown continued a place almost exclusively of small houses and low income laborers. Since the closing of the mill in 1902, Dutchtown, with its hilly and rocky geography, became a forgotten community-without city water and sewer, largely without sidewalks, without many of the civic amenities enjoyed by the other residents of Stillwater. I

Today Dutchtown is undergoing a metamorphosis. With its precipitous hills and river views, with its inexpensive lots and old houses, realtors and developers are purchasing the houses to demolish them, and in their place build new expensive suburban homes. As more of these lavish homes are built, their owners will demand city sewer and water and, eventually the costs of the assessments may well force the sale of any of the old houses remaining. This is unfortunate, because Dutchtown is a unique place-an example of a lumber mill town during the period when lumber built the St. Croix Valley and indeed, fueled much of the growth in eastern Minnesota. Today there are enough vestiges of Dutchtown remaining to glimpse the flavor and color of the original viUage. Tomorrow it may well be nothing more picturesque and significant than another expensive suburban enclave.

BEFORE DUTCHTOWN In 1840, the year of the &st white settlement in the S t . Croix Valley, a pioneer fur trader and politician, Joseph R. Brown, claimed a townsite at the head of Lake St. Croix within the area that later became Dutchtown. Brown recorded the first deed in the St. Croix Valley establishing his townsite, which h e named Dacotah, as the county seat of t h e newly formed St. Croix County, Wisconsin Territory. His claim, made eight years before the first government survey of the StiLlwater area, reads, in p&, "

... a quarter sectiora of land belonging to the United States, and occupied by Joseph R. Brown situated at the head of Lake St. Croix bounded on the north by stream known by the name of Pine Creek [now Brown's Creek] which falls inlo the St. Croix, and bounded on the east by Lake St. Croix . . . . I In his &st year, Brown had delegated the building of a "shell of arl ambitious framed building destiwd to serve as hotel, courthouse, and county offices, and behind it, a small buildirrg of stone for the jail." Brown himself helped build another building for a residence: "a commodious house of tamarack logs, halved together at the corners and chinked with clay. The windowless walls were plastered over with more clay i n a n effort to make the structure less drafty, which gave the place arr appearance not ur~likethe adobes o f lower CaZifornia."2 At a Board of County Commissioner's meeting, November 19L, 1841, the Commissioners were anxious to see the buildings completed a t Dacotah,.$ the county seat, and ordered

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...that the clerk advertise for proposals to be received

until the first Monday in July next, for building a jail, Court House, and offices for St. Croix County at Dacotah according to plan in office of Clerk of Board of Commissioners. Said buildings to be commenced by the first of May, 1843, and completed on or before the 1st day of July, 1845; payments to be made i n halfyearly installments from the commencement of the work; proposals to be accompanied by the name of one or more responsiblepersons who will be sureties for the completion of the

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Book 4 Register of Deeds, St. Croix County, Wisconsin Temtory, page 1-2 2For this description, and thefas&ating story of Joseph R. Brown, see Joseph R. Brown, A d v e n ~ e On r the Minnesota Frontier>by Nancy & Robert Goodman. Lone Oak Press, Rochester. blinnesota. 1996. Page 196.

Bcrore Durchtown

At another 'omuissioner's meeting, held at Dacotah, J u l y 4, 1843, the Commissioners designated a 1 mil tax, estimated at $65, to, build a .. schoolhouse a t Uac0tah.J

But within two years, Brown's political fortunes and ambitions had changed to accommodate his new circumstances, and he had no further interest i n Dacotah a s a townsite. The pretentious half-fmished courthouse fell into ruins, and Brown rented his residence, the Tamarack House, to a Robert Kennedy who operated i t as a hotel for several years.5 A number of years later, the ghosts horn Dacotah came back to haunt Dutchtown. I n her reminiscences recorded after the turn of the century, Lydia CsLi, who had Lived in Dacotah, remembered that: . .

' T h e first death in what is now Stillwater occurred July 14, 1843. The nran was nanied Cole, arid his death occurred iri what was kriowri U S the Tamarack house, which stood riot far front where the Staples Atlee store is ~ W W[at the foot of E. Sycamore Street]. m e following night, a strar~ger,arL elderly nlan, whom no orLe knew, applied for lodgings, arid irr the nlorrling, which was the IBh, he was found to be exceedir~glyrlo more. Nobody knew anything about him, not eueri his norrte, and he and the forrner deceased were buried up i n the wilds, half a mile or so farther riorth. There was no mor~I~nrent erected or other euidence to indicate their burial place; but their last repose is as dreamless and peaceful . . . " 6 During excavation for the railroad coming into Dutchtown in 1870, the following notice appeared in t h e Stillwater Gazette:

Bodies Exhumed

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Workmen engaged i n grading for the r a i l r d , in C a d i & Schulenburg's Addition, a few days since, struck upon the bodies o f two nzeu who had been buried at that place years before any regular burial ground had been organized, Our informant, Dr. Carli, states that h e remenzbers the persons well, but cannot recall their names. They came to this place front below i n August, 184&twenty seven years age-t or nearly the same time. They were both suffering with incurable disease, and died i n forty-eight hours after their arrival. All traces of their humble burial place had long since b i d , page 14 Joseph R. Brown. Adventurer On the hlinnesota Frontier. by Nancy & Robert Goodman. Lone Oak Press. Rochester, hLinnesota. 1996.Page 229. Histow of the St. Croix Valley by Augustus B. Easton, Editor in Chief. Chicago, H. C. Cooper, Jr. & Co.1909. Page 9.

Bcrorc Dutchtown

disappeared, a i ~ dall rernen~brar~ce of the171 hod faded from the inenlory of malt. 'No stone was there to show, r ~ otongue to say what was.

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Today the only reminder of the Tamarack House and the f i s t county seat in Minnesota, is a plaque mounted in a stone wall in a wayside rest on the west side of Highway 95, south of E. Willow Street in Stillwater. Had Brown persevered in his plans for Dacotah, the area of Dutchtown might today be a very different place indeed.

' Stillwater Gazette, October 29, 1870.

In 1840, Queen Victoria, 21 years old, married her first cousin, Prince Albert. Charles Danvin published his first book, Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle. In the United States of America, William Henry Harrison defeated Martin Van Buren for the Presidency. On the Western frontier, the city of St. Louis, Missouri, reached a population of 22,640 people--an increase of 250 percent over the previous decade. Dyring one of the 1,721 steamboat arrivals in St. Louis. that year,' the German-born immigraot, Adolphus Boeckeler, disembarked' from the boat onto the crowded St. Louis wharf, a young man ready to make his fortune in the new world. Twenty three years old, Boeckeler was a skilled carpenter, cabinet maker, and mechanic.' Plying his trade, however. Boeckeler found it di£licult to make a good living. The previous year, in 1839, the journeymen carpenters in St. Louis had struck to reduce their working day from twelve- to ten-hour shifts. Although this change had been gradually accepted by the contractors and employers, a devastating depression that same year had caused many of the banks in the country to fail, and authentic cash was in very short supply. . Over the next three years, conditions continued to worsen, and despite the building boom (over 500 buildings in St. Louis in 1842) wages fell, until in 1844, skilled carpenters were making only $1.50 a day--comparable to what a n unskilled laborer in another city might earn. !I But residents of St. Louis were optimistic. Their city, a mecca of commerce and industry, was the gateway to a thousand miles of the Upper Mississippi River Valley, and two thousand miles of the Missouri River. It was, a s one resident put it, the destiny of St. Louis to "Swollow up the East, bodatiously."3 Working as a journeyman builder, Boeckeler was acutely aware of the demand for raw lumber, and in 1844, in association with another German

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The St. Louis Directorv. for the Years 1840-1. By Charles Keemle. C. Keemle. Book and Job Printers. St. h u i s . 1840. Page vi. Born in Warstein, Westphalia. Germany, June 22. 1817. St. Louis: An Iniormal Historv of the C i t v and Its P e o ~ l e1764-1865. . By Charles van Raveoswaay. Missouri Historical Society Press, 1991. Page 324.

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immigrant, Frederick Schulenburg, he established a steam saw mill on the St. Louis waterfront..' ..

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D-g the next eight years, Schulenburg and Boeckeler observed the fine white pine lumber that was being r&ed to their miU from the St. Croix Valley. They undoubtedl y met many of the early Stillwater lumbermen, includmg the founder of Dacotah, Joseph R. Brown, and his brother-in-law, Christopher Carli, both of whom had rafted logs from Stillwater to St. Louis. Dr. Carli was a medical man from Germany, a graduate of Heidelberg University, and a £contier entrepreneur. I n the course of one of his trips to St. Louis, there seems every possib&ty that Dr. Carli sang the praises of Stinwater to the two St. Louis lumbermen.

St. Louis to Stillwater

In late summer of 1853, Frederick Schulenburg traveled to Stillwater by steamboat to assess the city's business possibilities. He must have been satisfied, because on August 9 he purchased Government Lots 1 and 2, Section 21, T30, R20 (see Figure 1) from Stillwater mill owner, John McKusick. However, McKusick who was diverting Brown's Creek into McKusick Lake thereby to power his own saw mill, was careful to protect his source of water power, for a clause in the deed r e a d " J o h i McKusick ~ reserves the right to direct, control, and use the streanz of water rurcr~iitg through such lots by constrictir~g, erectir~g,or mar~ufacturir~g dams or aqueducts or other fixtures.... But such erections are not to be nzade upon'the lots hereby conveyed." For the 116 acres, Schulenburg paid $50@-about $4.30 an acre.5 Although there was no Stillwater newspaper a t this time, Schulenburg's purchase was news in the Minnesota Territory. The St. Anthony Falls (now Southeast Minneapolis) newspaper wrote " A short distance above Stillwater, Mr. Shulenburg, of St. Louis haspurchased a site for a mill, and contemplates erecting a steam mill, to run six saws and other machinery. By the closing of navigation in the fall of 1854, there will be forty saws i n operation on the St. Croix.'s

'OBand New S t , Louis, by James Cox. CentralBiographieal Publishing Company. St. Louis, 1894, Page 327. Mercantile Industrial and Professional Saiut Louis, by E. D. Kargau. Ninon-Jones Ptg. Co. [1902]. Page 233. S FDeeds 26 St. Anthony Express, August 27. 1853.

TWOmonths later, Schulenburg purchased Government Lot 2 from Nathaniel Greene Wilcox. With that, he also purchased from Greene some land in what would become \ V W s Addition to Stillwater, 40 acres northwest of W. Wilkin and N. Fourth Streets. For a total of 173 acres, he paid S869.0Cb-about $5.00 an acre.: Schulenburg also purchased a small slice of Government Lot 4 h o m his acquaintance, Dr. Christopher Carli. With these purchases, the 6 r m of Schulenburg & Boeckeler now controlled a substantial portion of the riverfront directly north of the fledgling city of Stillwater.

T.30N R.20W Section 21

Lake St. Croix Figure 1

1

F Deeds 22

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During the winter of 1853-54, Schulenburg and Boeckeler ijlanned their first steam saw mill on the waterfront near the base of East Sycamore Street opposite what would become Block 32 of their Addition. (See Figure 2.) The mill was to be a substantial b u i l h g , two stories in height, 116 x 130 feet. Recalling the early history of t h e mill, the Stillwater Lumberman wrote: "Directly opposite the mill and on the west side o f the railroad track, the company built a fine boarding house, lathe-shop, offices, stores, bor~ls, warehouses, and residences for the corps o f

Carli & Schulenburg's Addition

W h i l e the mill was still i n the planning stage, in January, 1854, Dr. Christopher Carli and Frederick Schulenburg platted their combined ~ was properties into Carli and Schulenburg's Addition to S t i l l ~ a t c r .This the first Addition to the Original City plat and its 57 Blocks more than doubled the size of Stillwater and extended the city boundaries over a mile north. Carli and Schulenburg might well have platted a new village with another name, but they perhaps surmised t h a t the sale of their city lots would be enhanced by the name of Stillwater. With this plat, they added a number of new (albeit uncreative) street names to the city map. The east-west streets were named for trees: Elm, Aspen, Orange (now Wilkins), Magnolia (now Stillwater), Almond (now St. Croix), Sycamore, Juniper (now vacated), Spruce (now vacated), R a l s h (now vacated), Poplar, Willow, Hazel and Alder. For the north-south streets they extended the numbered streets from t h e original city plat: First, Second, Third, Fourth, but they added Broadway and Lake Street. Setting a pattern for future developers in Stillwater, they did not designate any part of their large addition a s a public square or park land.

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Stillwater Lumberman, April 23, 1875. 9 A Plats 49

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Elk. 27

Elk. 28

Elk. 36

Elk. 37

Elk. 45

Elk. 46

Blk. 26

Elk. 29

Elk. 35

Elk. 38

Elk. 44

Elk. 47

Elk. 56

Elk. 25

Elk. 30

Elk. 34

Elk. 39

Elk. 43

Elk. 48

Elk. 55

Elk. 24

Elk. 31

Elk. 33

Elk. 40

Elk. 42

Blk. 49

Elk. 54

N. Third St.

Elk 57

N.Second St.

N. First St.

N. Broadway St.

Blk. 32

I Elk. 50

Elk. 41

N. Lnke St.

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$4

River Shore

Carli & Schulenburg P l a t of Dutchtown (Blocks owned by Schulenburg 8 Boeckeler)

Blk. 51

Elk. 53

1

Blk. 52

Charlottenburg

Schulenburg and Boeckeler retained ownership of Block 24 through Block 57 of the Addition, mcluding the entire area of Dutchtown, while Christopher Carli continued in his possession of Blocks 1-23 t h a t lay on the southern end of the Addition, south of E. Sycamore Street. Schulenburgs property, the northern end of the plat, was christened with the name. Charlottenburg, to commemorate Charlotte Lassen who had married Adolophus Boeckeler in 1854 as this addition was being platted, and tragically died the following year.10 There was also a steamboat named the "Charlotte Boeckeler" which belonged to the company. Charlotte Boeckeler

Picture Courteay of t h e s t C m i r CoUcction,

Stillwater Public Librnn

,!

It was not until some 20 years later t h a t the area, W e d with German workers, became commonly known a s Deutschetown, which was soon corrupted to Dutchtown.11 It was only the inhabitants who knew their community a s Charlottenburg and after the turn of the century when the MU closed, and t h e people dispersed, the "outsiders n name of Dutchtown became the usual nickname.12

St. Louis Business and Zndwtry, 1877, r e p ~ t e in d The Missouri Historical Society Bulletin. January, 1960. Page 169.. '1 The earliest mention of the term "Dutchtown" I have found occurs in the Daily Sun, November 1, 1881. Old residents such as Louise Berg and "Colonel" Rumpfremember tbe name Charlottenburg, although they did not know its origin. See also the article: W e in CharlortenburgDescribed" in the Stillwater Gazette. June 4. 1943.

In the second week of April, 1854, Joseph R. Brown, who was by now living in St. Paul and the editor of the St. Paul newspaper, M h e s o t a Pioneer, visited Stillwater and recorded 'Bfessrs Schulei~burg, Boeckeler & CO.are makingpreparations for the erection of an extensiue mill iil the upper part of town, to 7x11 some twelve saws ..." 13 Brown did not note the fact the Mill was to be built on the site of his earlier settlement, Dacotah. In September of that same year, John P. Owens, (for whom the Stillwater street is named 14) the editor of another St. Paul newspaper, The Daily Minnesotian, visited Stillwater, and wrote: "The erter~sives a u niill of Messrs. Shulenburg & Buckler is nearly ready to conwtlertce operatior=." Owens also recorded the building of Stillwater's other large sawma: " I walked dourr to the bridge [on the road] a few hurldred yards below towrt, to eramine the extensive works going forward upor1 the mills of Messrs. Hersey, Staples & CO. The frame is nearly ready for raising. It toill be ready to comnlence operations by the operling of navigation i t e d spring."'3

The First Lumber

Because the early mills depended upon the river for both the arrival of the unsawed logs and the shipment of their finished product, they only operated about seven months when the river was unfrozen. In their fist season, 1854, Schulenburg and Boeckeler cut about 10,000,000 board feet of lumber. Of the four mills in Stillwater, they were second only to Hersey, Staples & Co. sawrnill.~6 But this mill had greater potential: within a ykar of its beginning, the newspaper reported that the Schulenburg and Bwckeler mill "...until quite recently, has done but little over half what it can now do; yet it has averaged, per month, 800,000 feet lumber; 100,000 shingles; 300,000 lath;--total value, $26,000."Ji During this early period, there was little demand for lumber in the undeveloped Minnesota Territory; most of the lumber went down the Mississippi River.

Minnesota Pioneer, April 13, 1854 AHistorv of the Greeley Residential Area, Stillwater. Minnesota by DonaldEmpson. Empson Archives, 1997. Page 19. l5 The Daily Minnesotian, September 13,1854 l6 St. C m u Union. February 13, 1855. " St. C m u Unwn. September 5, 1856. l3

l4

' T h e firm of Schulertburg ortd Boeckeler iit 1848 pr~rchased their first raft ofpine logs, which toere brought front the \Viscol~sinpineries, and heme became the secorzd firm in the city [ofSt. Louis] to commence the ntanufacture ofpine lunlber in the city...1111853 Schr~leitburgand Boeckeler conceived the idea of establishing mills of their own in the pineries of Minnesota, front which they might supply their yards direct ...T h e site selected turn at the town of Stilluater, on the St. CroixRiver, and i n 1854 the mills were completed and put ilt motion. These ntills were propelled by steam, generated by fiue large boilers, and the machinery driven by two good-sized engines. T h e saws were run in 'hangs," there being three gangs in one of which there were ttuenty-eight saws, in another one, twenty-two, a r d ill the other o m , eighteen...From the starting of the rnills in 1854 to I857 the most of their manufactures were sold to different points on the river, only a part being brought to St. Louis, and it was not until the sunirner of that year that they began 'biling" ill their yards." 18

A photograph of the first Schulenburg & Boeckeler Saw Mill r

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'' Histow of St. Iauis City a n d County,including Biographical Sketches of Representative

Men. by J. Thomas Scharf. Philadelphia, Lauis H. Everts & Co. 1883. Vol. 2, page 1323.

All of this activity may have generated money for the Schulenburg and Boeclieler Lumber Company, but it was not conducive to the peace and quiet of those living in Charlottenburg. As early a s December of 1855, soon after the iirst Mill was constructed, a visitor to the area, seeking a homestead, complained that "...there were irrsuperoble objectiorls to settling there. There was Schulerrburg's big rrtill, giving employrner~tto fifty or sixty har~d,day and r~ight-whacking aird thwackirlg, thrashing and clashing, drawing and sawing ii~cessarrtly. Besides there were too r~rorlybuildings going up.'"" But the local newspaper editor, ever sari-me, saw it a Little differently: 'The career of the city of Stillwater is still orrward orrd upward. A few days ago in company with Dr. Carli, we visited Carli & Schulenburg's Addition. Several new houses are goirlg up there; and lots are being disposed of briskly. l h e p u m p in the u~ell-which is 125 feet deep and the water fifty!-is rLow i r operation, ~ a n d works well."m

The First Census

In 1857, with the taking of the &st Census preliminary to Minnesota becoming a state, we have our earliest glimpse of the residents of Charlottenburg. There were 46 separate dwellings in the community. Of these, 43 appear to be single-family residences. There was Schulenburg's boarding house with 18 residents, and two families appear to have taken in boarders. Most of these adults were in their mid-twenties, and judging from the age of their children, and where the children were born, most of the adult population had emigrated from Germany within the previous three years-possibly recruited to work in this Schulenburg and Boeckeler d. There were 120 adults over the age of 18 in the community; of these 120 adults, 114 had been born in Germany. There were 76 men over the age of 18; of these a t least 45 (Isted as millman, lumberman, or millwright) worked in the mill itself. There were 4 men working at two breweries' (Augustus Benz 21 and Jacob Knips); 2 shoemakers; 2 stone masons; 5 carpenters; 2 laborers; 1 teamster; 2 cooks; 1 conveyancer; 1 clerk; and 1 - -

St. C m u Union, December 22, 1855. St. Crou Union, August I. 1856. B e n drowned in the St. Croix as a result of 'culpable carelessness" in 1859. Stillwater Democrat, May 14, 1859; his body foundin the river: Stillwater Democrat, May 28, 1859.

apprentice. While there is no w a g of linoning for sure, it seems q ~ t likely e that some of these other occupations were employed, a t least part. of the time, by the Ivlill. There were 76 children living in the village-many of them under the age of l-making the total population of Charlottenburg about 200 people.22 The total population of Stillwater at this time was 2,800 people, SO Charlottenburg would havc represented less than ten percent of Stillwater's population. Listed among the residents of Charlottenburg were the Mill "bosses." Frederick Schulenburg, age 49, lived here with his wife, Helena, and their six children. Schulenburg also maintained a residence in St. Louis, Missouri,

h u i s Hospes, age 47, and his wife, ELiza, lived here with their eight children. Hospes came from Missouri to manage the IvIill for Schulenburg and Boeckeler, but he soon became a part owner of the ha. Henry Christopher Draver, age 30, the foreman and millwright for the Mill, lived here with his wife, Anna.

A Great Depression

B y 1858, Charlottenburg had its own schoolhouse. There was a high school in Stillwater, a south school on Schoolhouse Hill (near where the HistoricCourthouse now stands), a middle school in the downtown area, and

a north school in Sch~lenburg'sAddition. The teacher for t h e latter school was, in 1858, Miss J. A. Humphrey. Today the site of the old school is a playgro~nd.~~ I n 1858, a great depression gripped the United States, including Minnesota. Banks were closed; the price of land plummeted and any ready cash flowed from t h e state to pay eastern debts. The price of lumber; the piling upon which the structure of Charlottenburg rested, fell, b u t t h e M i kept cutting. The following year, 1859, the price fell again, a n d by 1860, lumber reached an dismally low price. The following year, t h e Civil War

" Unikd Stales. Census of Minnesota T e r r i t o ~Washington . County. Stillwater. Pages 1-5.

"m

r y of the St. Croix Valley, editedby AugustusB. Easton. Chicago, H.C.Cooper Jr. & Co., 1909. Page 87.

brought higher prices, and by 1866, prices reached the peak of postwar i d a t i o n , a height that was not to be reached again until 1902.24 '.. In 1860, there was another United States census. In Charlottenburg, there were approximately 50 houses. Reflecting the hard times at the Mill, a n d the Depression throughout the United States, 14 of these dwellings were vacant. There were approximately 44 families living there; it does not appear there were any boarding houses. Perhaps there was a policy that the meager number of jobs available at the MiLl should go to the married men with families. There were 89 adults and 84 children in the community. Of the 89 adults, 76 (85 percent) came from parts of what we consider Germany; of the remainder, five were from Switzerland, three from Holland, and five had been born in the U.S. Forty one of the working men were listed a s "Iaborers," a general term t h a t would have been used to describe the Mill workers. There was, in addition, one saloon kee p er, Wdiam Zass; a millu~ight,Henry C. Draver; one carpenter, one tailor, two farmers, and two peddlers living next door to each other. Gerhard Knips also had a Brewery on Block 32.25 Using the &st t a x assessor's records available, those from 1861, it is possible to glimpse where the residents listed in the 1860 census lived in Charlottenburg. (Figure 3.26 The vast majority of these 1860 houses were valued by the Assessor a s being under $50. This would inhcate these'were very small houses, one story, with a center wall dividing the home into two smaller rooms. The chimney, if there were one, would be in this center wall, and a stove vented into the chimney. One room would be used for cooking and eating; the other for living and sleeping. The walls were probably rough sheathing with clay chinked into the cracks. I would guess this was the classic Dutchtown house of which there are a few remnants today: a broadside house with the gables a t each end. The front of the house would be symmetrical, with a door in the middle, and a window on each side. I n other parts of Stillwater a t this time, even in the working man's neighborhoods, the houses tended to be valued a t $100 to $150, but in Dutchtown, there were only eight houses valued over $100 scattered around t h e community.

z4 Kistorv of the White Pine Industw in Minnesota by Agnes M. Larson. U. of h h e s o t a Press. 1949. Page 103-104. U. S. Census for 1860. Washington County. Stillwater. Pages 75-79. 26 This information is compiled horn the Washington County Tax Assessor's records for 18611865. SAM 78, Roll 2; SAM 78, RoU 3; SAM 78, Roll 4; SAM 78, Roll 5. Copies can be found at the Minnesota Historical Society, and the Stillwater Public Library.

The Dutchtown House This is a drawing of the typical Dutchtown house, many of which must have been constructed by the Mill to house its workers. Sitting broadside to the road, these houses had two rooms downstairs, divided by a center wall which contained the chimney and stove. One room would have been used for cooking and eating; the other for living and sleeping. Upstairs there was a loft used for sleeping and, when necessary, as a guest room. The earliest houses probably had walls with rough sheathing and clay chinked into the cracks. In every case, the front of the house is exactly symmetrical, with the door i n the center, and a window an equal distance on both sides of the door. Today many of these houses are gone, but there are still enough left40 discern the basic pattern, although many of the remaining houses have been greatly altered. The best extant example of this original house i s at 2007 Schulenburg Alley to which a back addition has been added. As the purest example of this unique Dutchtown house, I would recommend the home be added to the National Register of Historic Places. Other houses in Dutchtown that fit this original pattern-although most of them have been altered considerably-are at 2011 Schulenburg Alley, 2021 Schulenburg Alley, 2016 N. Broadway, 1924 N. First, 101 E. Hazel, 1901 N. Second, 1905 N. Second, 2012 N. Second, 2009 N. Third, 307 Willow, and 309 Willow. A few others like 301 E. Willow, probably began with this pattern, but they have been too altered to determine their original configuration. The illustration is of the Joseph G s s e house that used to be at 1911 North Second Street; this is a copy of a watercolorpainting by.Jo Lutz Rollins reproduced in the book, &published by Croixside Press in 1976.

The Civil War Period

By 1865, when the

price of lumber was very high, the Schulenburg and Boeckeler mdl was cutting 57,248 board feet of lumber in an average day, and its largest cut was 71,360 feet in a day. It beat any d in the rival town of St. Anthony. Schulenburg and Boeckeler were setting thc pace in the state with their output; in 1866 the iirm cut 15,000,000 feet in 197 working days. A Stillwater newspaper ventured, "Can arLy mill i r ~Ll~isstate be01 this? If so, we would like L O hear from itspropriel~rs.'~' Not only was business brisk for Schulenburg and Boeckeler, but the wealth was pouring in to the owners of the mill. In 1866, Frederick Schulenburg Listed an income of $40,144, the single largest income in all of Washington, Chisago, Pine and Kanabec Counties. Managing Director of the M d , Louis Hospes, Listed the third largest income at $10,122. By comparison, Issac Staples, one of St~llwater'sleading lumbermen, declared a n income of 58,946, and Socrates Nelson, a leading Stillwater businessman and land developer, Listed an income of $615.28 The previous year, Schulenburg paid a tax of S2,2.59.35, five per cent of his total earnings of $45,180, again the highest in the four-county area.29 Nor was the wealth totally conftned to the Mill owners. I n the 1865 tax records, Henry Biele, who operated the Mill Boarding House, reported personal property worth $150. Henry C. Draver, foreman and millwright for the miU indicated $575 in personal property, and fellow mill worker, John Glade reported $470 in personal property. Gerhard Knips, the Brewery owner, possessed $850 worth of personal property. 30 I

The Population in 1870 T h e late 1860's were good years for the Mill and, i t seems, good years for the residents of Charlottenburg. The 1870 Census paints a brighter picture of the German community. There were now approximately 84 dwellings--and the Mill Boarding House--in Charlottenburg, almost double Stillwater Messenger. December 12, 1866. Stillwater Messenger, June 26. 1867. History of the St. Croix Valley, edited by Augustus B. Easton. Chicago, H.C. Cooper Jr. & Co., 1909. Page 100 Washingon County Tax Assessor's Records: Microfilm Roll SAM 78.Roll6 ZB

"

that of a decade ago. There were 200 children, and 2% adults living in the community. One-hundred sixty-five of the adults (72 percent) were.,born in Germany. Extra p olatin g from the age and place of birth of their children, it appears most of these German workers had been in the United States less than 10 years. Other nationalities represented in Charlottenburg were the Swiss (15), Canahan (16), Irish (6), English (3,Swedes (5), born in the United States (7) plus 1 Belgian and 1 Dane. There are, in addition, seven entries in the census which are not readable. Of the 154 working men of Charlottenburg listed in the 1870 Census, 114 are Listed spec5cally a s " ~ ~ . o rin k ssow mill." In addition to them, there were 2 erlgineers, 3 store clerks, 5 who "worked OIL logs," 2 lumbermen, and Henry C. Draver and 1,ouis Hospes, making a total of at least 128 men, about 83 percent of the adult population, directly employed by the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Mill. There were also listed 9 laborers who may or may not have worked for the Mill. Other occupations included Bar Tender (31,Cooper (2), Teamster (2), Brewer (I),Soda pop manufacturer (I), Carpenter (I), Wheelwright (I), Drayman (1). There was also 1 School Teacher, John Rentzdorf, and 1Explorer, Michael Casey. It is also interesting to note the age of the workers. There was one 13-year-old boy, a s well as several 16 year olds working in the Mill. At the other end of the spectrum, there was one man 80 years old and several in their 60's and 70's who were employed in the Mill. By 1870, there were a few new houses in Charlottenburg, and Schulenburg and Boeckeler had increased the number of houses they owned. (See Figure 4, page 28). It is very noteworthy to compare this Map compiled from the Tax Assessor's records with the Birds Eye View Map done in 1869 (See Figure .5,page 29). It appears there are more houses on the Birds Eye View than might be accounted for in the Assessor's records, but the Birds Eye View Map, which is very detailed and accurate, includes the outbuildings a s well a s the houses, and sometimes the barns appear to be larger than the houses. Most of the houses, over 50 percent, were valued a t $100, which would indicate a small, but adequate house for a family of the time. It is possible to equate the value with the size on the Birds Eye View (Map E). For example, the five houses on N. First St. between E. Willow and E. Hazel are valued at $100; the large T-shaped house on N. Broadway midway between E. Willow St. and E. Hazel St. is valued at $250. Compared to the rest of Stillwater, this was still a n area of small houses, but the contrast in housing size between Charlottenburg and the rest of Stillwater was not a s great a s it had been a decade earlier.

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Archives

This is the residential area of Dutchtown as pictured in an inset in the 1870 Bird's Eye View Map of Stillwater drawn by Albert Ruger. In discussing the published map, the Stillwater Republican on November 9, 1869, said the following: "It shows every street...and the buildings are clearly defined, a n d properly located that every citizen can point out his own residence be it ever so small." We have added the street names that are lacking in the original. From this map, you can see there are many small houses of the type we have termed "the Dutchtown house." This view also gives a n indication of the many outbuildings that were common in nineteenth century neighborhoods. Schulenbug's N e y can be seen in the lower right-hand comer. I t is lined with houses on both sides even a t this early date. The site of the schoolhouse a t the top of the map is now a playground. There is what appears to be a bridge a t the north end of N. First Street, perhaps crossing Brown's Creek.

Dutchtown's Greatest Moment Because of the hills surrounding Stillwater, there were only two routes a railroad could use to enter Stillwater. One was through a ravine well to the south of Stillwater; the second rout-the chosen route--was into Stillwater along the gradual slope of Brown's Creek. On September loth. 1870, work was begun to r u n a spur from White Bear (which was on the St. Paul and Duluth route) into Stillwater. With 1,000 men a t work on this fist railroad into Stillwater, the construction was completed to Dutchtown by December 251h. Because of the severe winter weather and frozen ground, construction halted in Dutchtown, and a depot was built there. SO, for six months, all of Stillwater, and pobably most of the surrounding area came to Dutchtown to board--or at least gape- at the new railroad which, as one writer said: ''The rattle of a train of cars drives the echoes out of all the sleepy hollows arld wakes up all the uinz and enterprise that cornrnunitypossesses." In June of the following year, the depot was picked UP and moved into downtown Stillwater. Today these early train tracks are used by the Minnesota Zephyr excursion and dinner train.31

The Germans

,

While Charlottenburg was almost entirely German, by no means did all the Germans residing in Stillwater live in Charlottenburg. There were a number of prosperous German merchants and other businessmen living it1 other parts of the city. Yet there does appear to have been a certain ethnic a£Finity among the populations of different nationalities, and a t least in the one following case, the result was serious for one worker at the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Mill.

StillwaterMessenger, January 6 , 1871;Stillwater Gazette, June 13, 1871;Stillwater Ilfessenger, December 16, 1870.

31

30

Stabbing Affray "

A murderous affray took place last Saturday night'.at the house o f Frank Berkhardt, who lives orr the St. Paul road Ithe ravine between Olive and Myrtle Street west of Thiid Street] a short distance above the Myrtle Street Church. There was a German dance at the place, and a few Swedes were preserrt. A n altercation occurred during the evening, and one of the Germans was considerably bruised about the head. At the close of the dance the Swedes started for home one young fellow, a quiet inoffensive Swede, named John Smith, lingered i n the rear, when he was attacked by a number o f intoxicated and crazy Germans, who inflicted several severe and probably dangerous wounds with a long bladed knife. Two or three cuts about th-e shoulders are not considered serious, but orre terrible gash in the right side gives cause of alarm to his friends and thephysicians.

His frierlds i n advance, hearing the cries for help, hastened back, a n d found S m i t h lying on the ground bleeding profusely from numerous wounds. He waspicked up and taker1 to the boarding house o f Chas. Holcombe, where he still lies i n a critical condition.

On Sunday, several persons were arrested, who, on being taken before t h e wounded man, were not identified as participants in the outrage. One German named Kusmann, a n employee at Schulenburg's mill, w a s spotted as being the identical person who did the stabbing. On beirzg brought before Justice V a n Meck on Monday, h e waived a n examination, and was held to trial at the next term o f the District Court, giving bonds for his appearance in the sum o f $1500. T h e proprietor of the house at which the dance was held was arrested o n Monday, for selling liquor without a license, and paid a fine o f $1 7."32

'i

The Road Out Of Town

I n 1872, Dutchtown was fist officially connected with the rest of Stillwater. As platted, N. Lake Street in Carli & Schulenburg's Addition only ran south to the north end of Battle Hollow. Main Street extended north &om downtown Stillwater to the Territorial Prison, at the south end of Battle Hollow. Bridging the gap through Battle HoUow to connect the two streets was initiated at a Stillwater City Council Meeting in March of 1872. (Apparently this was a long running battle because the Washington County

" Stillwater Gazette, October 31. 1871

Historical Society has a letter dated 1859,in which the Warden of the Prison declares that the State of Minnesota property encompassing the Temtorial Prison extends all the way to the river, and that no permission has been given by the State to extend a public road in front o f the Temtorial Prison.)

Disaster! T h e newly incorporated newspaper, The Stillwater Lumberman, contained a description of the Schulenburg and Boeckeler- MU in 1875. ''During the sawing season, which covers a of seven months, the rnill runs night and day-the only suspension being between Saturday night and Sunday evening. The averageproduct for the seven months is 50,000,000feet of lumber, 9,000,000 lath and 6,000,000 shingles. No less thon 150 meit are employed."= In 1877, disaster struck the Mill and Charlottenburg. The disaster was reported in both Stillwater newspapers, but perhaps the most siwi6cant account in terms of Dutchtown was published in the St. Paul Pioneer Press.

STILLWATER

Flames Schulenberg's Mill Reduced t o Ashes150 Operatives T h r o w n Out of Employment

Big Set-Back t o City Prosperity

53

For a number of years, the mill owned and operated by Schulenberg, Boeckeler & Co. has furnished employment for hundreds of men, who (with their families) finally became identified with the mill as their legitimate workshop. Homesteods were erected adjacent to the mill site, and year after year the operatives labored to secure a livelihood, and pay for their little homes. Wages for laboring men have been at all times low enough, but they reached still a lower notch this year, when

Stillwater Lumberman, April 23. 1875.

mills did not even pay Livirrg prices to their ha~rds,hence the calamity about to be told falls heavier O I L the operatives tharl the mill O W I L ~ T S . The firm of Schulenberg, Boeckeler & Co. is noted as being the best for taking care of their employees, arrd is ::lost liberal i:r paying living prices to the nler~i n their en~ploy. On Wednesday the men went to work czs usual at 6 a.m., and in about fifteen mir~utesafter, a der~sesmoke peruoded the n~illemanating from the bosemer~t,and i n less time than it takes to tell it, flanzes shot over orrd around the errtire structure, which was of very dry wood. The city steanrer [steam pumper fire en-kine] was promptly on hand, but could do rro good, while the mill engine could trot be reached on accourrt of the iteat. The loss is estinlated at $80,000, with a probable insu.rance of $15,000. Mr. Schulenberg is i n Europe, and Mr. Boeckeler in St. Louis telegraphed that he uill be here tonlorrow. A meeting of the company will decide about rebuilding the niill. T h e cause of the fire is unknown, but it is supposed to have occurred front the friction of a belt over apulley as the same thing happened once before. No lumber was lost as nzen slid all the p l a ~ ~ e dstuff into the lake. The machirlery is aln~ost worthless.3'

The residents of Dutchtown, or at least one resident, was not pleased with the Pioneer Press assessment of their prospects. In a strongly woriled note to the local newspaper, T h e Stillwater Lumberman, the writer expressed his opinion of the Pioneer Press reporter.

"To t h e E d i t o r o f t h e Lumberman, T l ~ eresidents of Schulenburg's Addition are considerably incensed over the ill-considered intimatio:~of the Pioneer Press reporter that they are i n the least in daltger o f suffering or starvation in consequer~ce of the burrling of Schulenburg, Boeckeler & Go's mill, where they have been n~ostlyemployed. They are among the most frugal and industrious of our citizens, and when they are O I L the point of starvation, the Pioneer Press St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 17, 1877.

reporter will l ~ o u e beer^ long since carried to his grave, 011 emaciated victim of arr ir~obilityto oblairl his usual suste11011ce-

However, there w a s concern over t h e rebuilding of t h e hlill. T h e Stillwater Lumberman in this same issue voiced t h e anxieties of the townspeople. "It is to be hoped the mill will be inlrnediately rebuilt, not ollly as affeclir~gthe prosperity of the city, but O I L accour~tof those w l ~ oi ~ o u e bought property i n Schulenburg addition, with the hope of l~oving en~ployrnentfor some years i n the mill, and I L O doubt t l ~ i sfeature of the case of the question. I f Ilfessrs. will erlter largely into the deterrrlir~atio~~ Schulenburg, Boeckeler & Co. think they are urrder even a moral o b l i g a t i o ~ ~ to rebuild they will undoubtedly do so, as there are few firms irl the C O U I L ~ ~ Y conlposed of more honorable a r ~ dsquare-toed m e i ~ and , few, also, who hove so great a personal interest in. the welfare of their err~ployees a s these gentlemen have. It is a firm the dissolutioi~of which ~ ~ l o u be l d to t1~i.scity a calamity i n more t h a n a inere conlnlercial sense ..."J6 T h e Stillwater Messenger was also sympathetic t o the workers: "...but perltops the saddest feature corrr~ected with the catastrophe is the fact that L of employn~.ent-the most o f whom. about one hundred meu are ~ I L ~ O W Iout have fanlilies; and n o doubt, ntarLy are i n debt and expected to 'ket eveverr"will~ theproceeds o f the surnrner's work i n the mill. T h e proprietors ulill not i n arly manner be errtbarrassed, fi~lartciolly, by their loss, a s they are probably oburtdantly able to build o dozer1 sltch mills, and leave a large reserue find u1~touched."3~ O n J u n e 5 t h , less than a m o n t h after t h e h - e , t h e Stillwater Lumberman announced t h a t the Mill would, in fact, be rebuilt at about the same size as t h e old Mill.

Another Deoression

This concern for t h e workers w a s not misplaced. In V i e n n a , Austria in June of 1873, a h a n c i a l crisis occurred which spread to N e w Y o r k City Stillwater Lumberman, May 18, 1877. Stillwater Lumberman, May 18, 1877. JT Stillwater Messenger, May 18, 1877.

"

by September of t h a t same year, ~ r e c i ~ i t a t i nwhat g is known a s The ?anic of 1873. This severe worldwide depression lasted five years, and the prices for agricultural and manufactured products fell sharply, with a commensurate decline i n wages. Lumber prices fell more sharply than other goods, for lumber, like rarr materials in i s a sensitive barometer that responds rapidly to depression or prosperity. Moreover, during the 1850's, before the use of railroads in transporting both uncut and sawed lumber, the mills only operated when the river was unfrozen. This meant that while some of the mill hands might become lumberjacks and work in the pineries cutting timber during the winter, other men would be unemployed while the Mill mas closed for the winter season. .. Notwithstanding this De p ression, a book published i n 1877 in St. Louis, lauded the Schulenburg and Boeckeler firm for its success in the lumber trade.

' T h i s great firm have for nlarry years stood at the lreod of the lurnber trade on St. Louis. They are at the sanre time tlre oldest and the greatest firm i n the trade, and, irrdeed, have no equal i n the world. They con~.mer~ced busirress wirerr this city [St. Louis] corrtairred little more than prornises of future greatness and when the Iunrber traffic of the West gave little indicatioir of its present proportions. The operaliorrs of this firn~ cover the tohole range of lumber marznfacture, from the felling of the forest trees to the delivery of the finished goods in various forms. nrey are the only firm irr the city [St. Louis] who owrr their owrr pine lands, saw-mill, means of trairsportatiorr ard planing-nrills. Their large pine lands include some of the finest tracts of timber irr the Northwest. Their large gang saw-nrills are erected on these lands, and here the supplies are prepared for their stock i n St. Louis. T h e rafts are brought down by tow-boats belonging to the firm and. which are used exclusively by their business, although their requirements frequently oblige them to enrploy other steamers. They were the first operators to introduce the use of tow-boats in bringir~gdowlr rafts. Prior to that time-sonre five L or six years ago-they were brought down by hand. I ~ addition to the product of their own lards they make irnnter~sepurchases

"

Historv of the White Pine I n d u s w in MinuMinnesota Press, 1949. Page 387.

by Agnes M. Larson, University of

,i

of yellow piue and other nroteriols. Schule~iburgand Boeckeler

are kr~oulrii r ~everypart of the courrtry tributary to St. Louis...".?

The Bosses: Frederjck Schulenburg T h e r e were three men intimately engaged in the management and daily operation of the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Mill during its &st quarter-century. They were Frederick Schulenburg, Louis Hospes, and Christopher Draver. Schulenburg, a s n-e have seen, became a partner with Adolphus Boeckeler in 1844 in St. Louis to form the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Lumber Company. It was Schulenburg who came to Stillwater in 1853, and purchased the land for the Mill platting it into Carli & Schulenburg's Addition. While Schulenburg continued to be listed as a resident of St. Louis in their City Directories, he also spent a great deal of time living in Charlottenburg. The early census lists him and his entire family living here during the summers when the census taker made his rounds. His substantial house, which was still standing, but in dilapidated condition in 1894, can be seen on Figure 6 a s the only house on the east side of Lake Street, just slightly south and west of the mill. It is a two-story house with a one-story addition in the rear. Around 1880, in a reorganization, Schulenburg apparently surrendered or sold his interest in the lumber company, and after sojourning in Germany, he moved to San Diego, California, where he "owned a large property." On May 30'b, 1894, having outlived his wife, Helene, and one son, Frederick, he died in San Diego at the age of 86. 40 His probate court record in St. Louis (No. 20601) lists an estate worth $68,000, which included 150 shares in the St. Louis Refrigerator and Wooden Gutter Company of which his son, Otto G. Schulenburg, was the president. There was no mention in the probate record an any assets in Stillwater, or in the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Lumber Company. His one daughter, Eliza, married a Richard Schulenburg who was the vice-president and general business manager of the Eau Claire Lumber Company in St. Louis. In 1894, she was living in Berlin, Germany. His other three sons, Albert R., Gustavus, and Edward, remained in San Diego. -29 St. L=ouisBwiness a n d Industr y , 1877, re p rinted in The Missouri Historical Soaety Bulletin. January. 1960. Page 169. " Obituary notices in The Mississippi Valley Lumberman. Vo1.24, #23 (June 8. 1894) and the Stillwater Weekly Gazette, June 6 , 1894.

This is the industrial area of Dutchtown as pictured in an inset in the 1870 Bird's Eye View Map of Stillwater drawn by Albert Ruger. In discussing the published map, the Stillwater Republican on November 9, 1869, said the following: 'Tt shows every street ...and the buildilLgs are clearly defined, and properly located that euery citizerr cart poir~tout his owrL residence be it ever so small." On this map, you can see the &till at the foot of E. Sycamore Street a s it appeared shortly after the Civil War, Number 1on the map is the house of Frederick Schulenburg. The house remained until close to the turn of the century. To the west of the Mill is North Lake Street a s it was platted i n Carli & Schulenburg's Addition; today's North Main Street runs slightly to the west. On the west side of N. Lake Street were the buildings associated with the Mill. Number 2 is the Schulenburg & Boeckeler Company store. The other buildings consisted of an office, warehouse sheds, and the first residence of Louis Hospes. Number 3 on this map is the Knips Brewery building just to the south of E. Poplar Street. All of these buildings are gone today, and even the most observant historian would be hard pressed to find any trace of them.

The Bosses: LOUIS Hospes L o u i s Hospes came to Stillwater in 1853 a s a n employee of Schulenburg & Boeckeler to act as the superintendent of consh-uction, and thereafter, general manager of t h e Mill. H e was born in Hesse Kassel, Germany, February 8, 1809, a well-educated man, who attended the noted university a t Gottingen to study theoretical agriculture and veterinary science, graduating in 1830. Two years later, he came to America, eventually settling in St. Charles County, Missouri, about 30 miles from St. Louis, where he farmed for eight years. He then moved to Green County where he was in the distdhng business, and subsequently moved to St. Louis in 1848 where he went to work for the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Lumber Company. Three years after coming to Stillwater, Hospes was made a partner in the lumber company, and he remained the "Stillwater connection" until he retired in 1878. Hospes and his family lived in Stillwater, and h e was the only partner in the Schulenburg and Boeckeler L u n b e r Company who took a n active role in the affairs of this city. He was a City Councilman in 1856, and along with Dr. Christopher Carli, he was elected a Washington County Commissioner in 1858. He was a founder of the First National Bank in 1865, and became its president 10 years later; he was also one of the incorporators of the St. Croiv Valley Savings Bank.4' In Dutchtown, Hospes lived in a substantial $900 house on Lot 2, Block 32. In 1873, Hospes had a large house built o n the east side of N. First Street in the first block north of E. Sycamore, on what were then Lots 4 and 5, of Block 24, Carli & Schulenburg's Addition. (Today t h a t approxkate'site is occupied by a 1960's house with the address 1410 Riverview Drive.) The local newspaper described the new Hospes house in some detail:

Mr. Hospes' New Residence An Elegant Building

The fine resider~ceof Mr. Louis Hospes, located on the bluff i n the northerrt p a r t of the city, is rapidly a p p r o ~ h i r ~ g completior~. I t is built of wood, the main p a r t being i n size, 36 by 44 feel, arzd two stories i n height- divided into four rooms, parlor, sitting room, dining room, ar~dlibrary, with a broad hall Z e a d i ~ ~ g Ihrouglz the center of the buildirzg.

" History of the St. Croix Valley, edited by Augustus B. Easton. Chicago, H.C. Cooper Jr. & Co., 1909. Pages 88,122,213,269,271.

The L port is 24 by 36 feet, orLe orrd a h a l f stories highdivided ir~tofi~le rooms: Kitcher~,polltry, sirtk-roorrz, bath-roorrr ortd store-roonr. I I Lthe rear are wood-house, arld other out houses, 14 by 18 feet, o r ~ done story i r ~height. i l l a conuerrierrt distance is a large barn, 40 by 60 feet, and near the house is a well about 100 feet deep atrd six irrclres irr diorrleter, drilled through the solid rock, ruhiclr ,LOW cor~tair~s r~irrefeet of water. The buildirrg frorrts to the east- which is alruays a desirable feature--arrd the outlook fronr the observatory is nragrrificerrt-comnrardir~ga fir^ view o f the city, the lake arrd ricer a s well as the city of Hudsor~. Our well-krrowr~a t ~ dpopular builder, Mr. Wr?r. May, is the corrtroctor, which is a sufficierrt guoror~teethat tlre erecutiorr of the work will be every way satisfactory. The errtire cost of the structure, outhouses, &C with the rrecessary improvernerrts and adorning of the grounds will rrot fall short of $20,000.J?

The rear of the Hospes Mansion.

" ?Stillwater Gazette, July 9, 1872

photo ccurtesy of the Stillwater Public Library

William May, who was building the home, \vas one of the contractors who had built Stillwater's Historic Courthouse three years earlier. Hospes' grand house overlooking the M& below was certainly one of the largest houses in Stillwater a t the time, however, in the eyes of the tax assessor, i t did not measure up to Stillwater's grandest house of the day, the mansion of Issac Staples in what is now Pioneer Park. In 1882, the whole of Block 24 (Carli & Schulenburg's Addition) which Hospes owned, was valued a t S1,200; the Hospes house carried a value of $6,000. By comparison, all of Block 8 (Original City plat) which Staples owned, was valued a t $7,000, while Staples house was assigned a value of $13,400. But like the Staples mansion and the Schulenburg house, the Hospes house did not survive long past the turn of the century. One of the last references to the home is to be found in The Stillulater Messertger of April 26, 1902: "Jim Teore has takert possessior~of the firle residerzce of the late Louis Hospes at 1414 North First Street [not the correct address] a r ~ dwill make it

his home this surilnler."

Apparently Louis was a m a n o f no official religion, for his obituary found it necessary to note. "Of his religious beliefs, which were his'owrr, arid perhaps not strictly orlhodo.~,there is irothir~gto say. All those 1c7hoknerc~hi171 best and ruere acquairrted with his upright and blar7reless life are cor~ter~t to leave the future destir~yof hirn they so highly esteemed i r ~the hands o f the Great Father of o/l."4' Louis Hospes had 10 children, of which only five survived. At t h e time o f his death, they were Illrs. Eliza Schlenk o f S t . Paul, Mrs. Lena M a n n o f Milwaukee, and Adolphus, Ernest, and Otto, all o f Stillwater. ..

Pichlre horn Histon. ofthe St. Cmix Va11c\'.,Chicago. 1909

a Stillwater Dails Gazette, April 11, 1888.

41

Adolphus held a number of elected and appointed positions in his .. and Metime, including City Alderman, City Treasurer for many years, Surveyor General £rom 1885-1889; he was also a Director of the Lumberman's National B a d . He married Aurora Staples, the daughter of Isaac Staples, and thereb y united in marriage two of the great lumber dynasties of the Upper hIississippi Valley. It was this couple who, in the 1890's, built the large house that remains a t 303 N. Fourth Street, just north of the Public Library Ernest Hospes ivas active in a number of business and civic organizations. He was a partner in several retail stores, one of the incorporators of Stillwater's short-lived electric trolley system, a treasurer of Stillwater's largest business for a time, Seymour, Sabin and Co. He was one of the principals in the Stillwater Gas Light Company, and a one-time State Senator. Perhaps most notably however, Ernest took over his father's position a s a partner i n the Schulenburg & Boeckeler Lumber Company.

The Bosses: Christopher Draver T h e third principal in the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Lumber Company in this period mas Henry Christopher Draver, or Drewer a s he was sometimes called. Henry was born in the village of Brockhagen, near Bielefeld, Germany, in 1826. He emigrated to the United States in 1849, settling &st in Iowa, then coming to Stillwater in 1853 to be the foreman of the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Mill. His $375 house in Dutchtown was on Lot 3 of Block 49. It can be seen on the northwest corner of N. Broadway and I E. Willow Streets. (Figure 5, page 29) He left t h e employ of the Mill around 1880, having invested his generous salary i n land. In the summer of 1883, on land purchased tiom Jacob Deragisch, a co-worker at the Mill, Draver built a large $4,500 house on the southeast corner of N.William and W. St. Croix Streets; a house that remains today as 1219 N.William Street. Like his boss, Louis Hospes, Draver also served a term a s a City Alderman.

011-April 19, 1887, H. C. Draver died a t his home a t 3:15 in the morning. His widow, Anna, remained in the house with her children: Robert Emil Draver who became a foreman at the Florence Mill Company; Henry and Ernest who worked a s clerks for t h e Minnesota Thresher Manufacturing Company, and Caroline, his daughter, who worked for a time a s a teacher in t h e Schulenburg School.

However, in one of those coincidences that must often occur in smaller cities, Caroline, the daughter of Henry C. Draver, married a man. named George E. Wilson in 1896. Wilson was a man of considerable business acumen, and over the years he worked his way up to becoming the General hlanager of the Northwest Thresher Company in Stillwater, one of Minnesota's largest manufacturing industries which employed over 500 men when in full operation. About 1920, George Wilson and Caroline Draver moved their family into the Staples-Hospes house a t 303 N. Fourth Street, and thus the daughter of the foreman came to occupy the house built by the son of the boss. *

The Families of Charlottenburg T h e r e were a number of families who resided in Charlottenburg for more than a decade during this period. Most of them had moved on by the 1880's and they w i l l not be remembered by any of the current residents. But for the sake of the historical record, we mention some of the names and places of these first residents. I n the 1850's and 60's, Bernard and Maria Hazelhorst lived i n their $100 house on the N !4 Lot 1, Block 48 on what is today a vacant lot just south of 1924 N. First Street. In the 18501s, 60's and 70's, Fritz or Frederick Harmon and his wife, Teresa lived in a $120 home on N% Lot 2, Block 48 on what i s now a vacant lot on the west side of N. First Street between E. Willow and E. Hazel Streets. Henry Harnish, his wife, Hannah, and their five children lived in a small house where the home at 224 E. Willow now sits. (See Figure 2, page 15, and Figure 7, page 44) i ,

William Zass and his wife, Sophie, lived for a time in a house on the W% of Lot 3, Block 41. I n the 1870's, Jacob Zass and his wife, Bertha took u p residence at 125 E. Willow; in 1894, he was still living there. John Glade was here by 1863; in 1894, h e was living a t 1722 N. Broadway.

h 1857, t h e 14-year-old Jacob Deragish and his sister, Mary, both £corn Switzerland were residents of Charlottenburg; three years later, John Deragish, his wife, Maria, and their six children had joined Jacob in Charlottenburg. A decade later, John's family had been joined by Julius Deragish, his wife, Catherine, and their six children-also born Switzerland. In the 1880's, the family moved £corn Dutchtown, although some members continued to work at the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Mill. In 1865, J.A. Deragish, who worked in the mill, calculated $445 in personal property-a 44

of the m aillL Io Donald Empson.

Street, an unpublished manuscript by

-

Lot 4

Lot 5

Lot 6

N> Lots

Figure 7

Lot 2

Lot 1

Typical numbering pattern of Lots in a Carli & Schulenburg plat Block, i.e. Lot 1 would always be in the NE corner of the Block Lot 4 would always be in the SW corner of the Block

goodly sum for the times. John Deragish was a City Alderman in 1858, and Jacob A. Deragish became a n City Alderman in 1873 and again in 1880. Over the years, the family engaged in a number of business and civic endeavors. .I

William S t e i n k a m ~his , wife, Wilhelmina, and a daughter, Clara, are listed in the 1870 Census as residents; 24 years later, h e is living at 2023 Schulenburg AUey. August Iserman came here a s early a s 1867; he and his family settled in a 304 E. Hazel where they lived for more than a generation. In fact, the name, pronounced 'Ease-er-mon" gave rise to the nickname of the Hazel Street hill,a s "Easy Hill." Another family that stayed in Dutchtown over three decades was John and Sophia Binger, or Binker. They are listed in the 1860 Census, and Sophia, a widow, is Listed as residing a t 1914 N. First Street in 1894. One of the families that lived longest in Charlottenburg was that of Frances (Frank) Klein, his wife, Teresa, and their three children. They must have come a t the time the Mill opened in 1853. In the 1870's and 'BO's, they lived a t 2016

N. Broadway, and i n 1925, 75 y e a r s later, the family was still living i n Dutchtown a t 1710 N. >lain Street. '1

- .......

Photograph Courtenyof the S t Croix CoUection. Stillu.ater Puhlic Librlir

-

. ,,>~> . .. ' . .. :. . - . . . . . .. .- ....

.

-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t . ~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . = 7 :

.......

. . . . .

.

-.- r ~ g l d a s they ha\.e o u r friction lock circle, which is guaranteed f o r the life of the machine r.evcr to become loose o r develop play. T h e main frarne is built of I-beams. T h e cab is built i n t e g r a l ta the machine - all hot r ~ v e t e da n d welded - has adiustable Timken bearinss on each end of the l i f t i n z worms which

the operator. Is very quick and easy to steer, a n d is a high class job throughout. C a b s can also bc glassed in.

Gilbert Patented oldb board ReinEorcement

T h c Waning Timc, 1902-1960

For a time business prospered, but the depression of 1929 s&uck the Gilbert. Company a disastrous blow. Orders for new equipment slowed, and then stopped altogether. The factory survived on making repair parts, and the r a r e order for a new grader. In 1935, they made their last grader. In order to keep t h e business going, Clarence Gilbert tuuned to special order heavy metal fabrication. They made some plowshares for the Farmers Union Co-op; during t h e Second World War, they manufactured large generator backplates a n d armature motor housings for Peerless Electric Machinery of Minneapolis. Also during the Second World War, Gilbert joined i n a venture with the Standard Salt and Cement Company of Duluth, manufacturing large anchor chains for Liberty ships. These chains had links weighing 20 pounds, and were made u p of 140 links. At the end of the Second World War, the Gilbert Plant was used a s a drop forge, and part of it leased to the Andersen Corporation of Bayport, a n d a smaller portion of the plant mas leased to Erickson-Post, a Stillwater Ford Agency.9' O n May 16, 1955, the Gilbert Plant burned i n a spectacular blaze; the worst fire i n Stillwater in the previous 40 years. Andersen Corporation lost 38 carloads of window frames stored in the factory, a n d 14 new Ford a n d Mercury cars were destroyed, along with 16 used cars. Total damage was estimated a t S300,OOO to $375,000. As t h e newspaper recorded the fire:

"It is regarded as nliraculous that some of the homes near theplant did not catch fire fronz sparks arul embers. There were a few grass and brush fires started on the hillside west of the plant. A sudden shift in the wi7ul toword the east nzay have saved sonze of the homes.'" Today, t h i s industrial riverfront h a s become Lakeview Terrace, with Lakeside Drive as the thoroughfare. It is an area of modern homes, with carefully manicured lawns, giving no hint whatsoever of i t s industrial past.

"

Stillwater. Mv Hometom and Yours, Unit 48,American Legion A d a r y . 1989. Gilbert ManufacturingCompany. Pages 122 & 123. Correspondence with Jack Gilbert, son of the founder of the company. 98 Stillwater Gazette. May 17, 1955.

Lower Dutchtown

'.

T h i s industrial development was in an area called by residents, Lower Dutchtown, according t o a reminiscence published in 1989 by the Berg sisters: g Still~uaterCou~ttry ' T h e area to the ~ t o r t hb o r d e r i ~ ~the club was referred to as Billy Goat Hill'because a far~lilyirt that area raised goats. That area is bordered by Poplar Street oir the south ...TILe older genera ti or^ still refer to the areas as lower D ~ ~ t c h t o uUpper ~ ~ z , Dutchto~urr,and Billy Goat T h i s same book refers t o the matter of transportation after t h e t u r n of the century: 'Before the days o f cars all the a , ~ to d work. They people walked to school, churclt, to t o t u ~ ~ walked O I L Main Street or Secortd Street. The Stillwoter Country Club and the area across the road which was called Atluood's Field was a favorite route. A w o o d e ~sidewalk, ~ the only olLe we can ren~e~nber, bordered Ailr. Atwood's Field O I L hrorth Second Street. This was used by all the kids going to a ~ t dfro111scl~ool OIL^ those rushing to ulork i n the nzorrzi~zg. k l 7 ~ e Mr. 1 ~ Atwood gave u p farming, the walk was iteglected and fi~zallyhad to be razed and destroyed. '00 For those people Living in Lower Dutchtown along N.Broadway Street and Schulenburg Alley, t h e route into town and the way to the Lincoln School was along N . Main Street, t h e n u p the Laurel Street stairs just south o f t h e old Territorial Prison.

The Stillwater Country Club Golf Course P a r t o f t h e area today occupied b y t h e golf course was property owned by t h e Schulenburg and Boeckeler Lumber Company as part o f their original 1853 Plat. W h e n the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Mill went bankrupt in 1894,t h e property, Blocks 26, 27, 28, 29, 35, 36, 37, 38, (See Figure 2, page 17) w e n t to Staples-Atlee, and subsequently, t o t h e last owner of t h e Mill, George Atwood. Atwood used t h e area for a t i m e a s a farm. T h e Berg sisters describe it in their book: 9 9 S a w a t e r .Mv Hometown and Yours. Unit 48. American Legion Auxdlary. 1989. Chapter 21. Carli and Schulenburg's Addition-Third Ward Dutchcown, by Lillian and Louise Berg. Page 79. lWIbid

T h e \.Yaning Time. 1W2-1960

"H e [George Atwood] had also placed two stiles, o m or1 the north, the otlrer orr tlre south, l ~ a l f u a ythrough his rcest field. Those of u s liviirg oil top of the hills quickly inade a patlr across tlris held arid used it as o speedy way to get to tlre Liircolir Scll001 [on N.Third and School Streets] a r ~ dto totfirc.away froill tlre cars O I L the highway, iroul #95. His field u a s a great place to fl" kites. I I Lthe p o i ~ d swere nlaily frogs that the boys cauglrt wlrerc. the.? went fishing. 101 Photo C o u r t e s y of the St. Croir CoUection. S t i U w s t t r Public Libra-

Looking east k o m a point just west of N. Second Street and north of E. Sycamore Street. N. Second Street is in the foreground; the Hospes mansion is in the right background. The large white house slightly right of center was a t 1414 N. First Street. N. First Street is between these two houses. In the upper left, the St. Croix River can be seen.

In another reminiscence b y Mabel Myhre, she also describes t h e route across w h a t is now t h e Stillwater Country C l u b golf course.

...the

"

rzuiilerous Dutchtowit,' wonleiL ulho ofter~took this short-cut trail through the field a i d over the stile whelc. they wolked from Dutchtown' to Stilltuater. T h e little stile at the end of the patch was often a trysting place for the younger gewratiorr of Dutchtown sweethearts. W e

lo'

Wid

ofter~sole the111walkirlg hard-irr-harrd across the nleodoic. after rrleeting each other at the stile. .., T h e field today is corrverted irlto a golf course, but durirlg nry childhood it was used--a good share of the tirue--4s a grazirig place for a large herd of cows arrd horses. It also mode arr ideal nestirlg place for rneadow larks, bob-o-lirrks arid red tuirrged block birds. For a couple ofyears, farrr~ersraised flax 011 it, arld when it was in bloonr, it looked for all the world like a beautiful sea of blue. At one tinre the entire exparrse consisted of red clover. Today this rolling field or high plateau, c~lithits rrunlerous ponds where o w e m y brotl~eraud I fle~cl our kites, sailed our little toy boats arrd caught frogs arrrorrg the tall cattails, furr~islresexcellent rratural traps for expert and artlateur go1 fers." '02 In 1913, Atwood sold the property to Edward Humely, who in turn sold it to Henry B. Vollmer on a Warrant y Deed in April o f 1914.1°" In 1918, Morell & Nichols, Landscape Architects looked at "Atwoods Field in their Plan for Stillwater. "The proposed srrrall park surrourlded by Fourth Street, Juniper Street, Secorld Street, and Sycanlore Street, plocks 26, 271 with the high krroll from which a rrlost rrrogrrificerrt pai~oron~ic view m a y be hod of the river arrd volley for rrriles i n both directiorrs, will be a very desirable additio:~to the park systerra." The Plan also proposed acquiring the old stone quany on the east side of North Broadway Street between E. Aspen and E. Sycamore Streets with its stunning views of the river landscape, a s well as property in Brown's Creek Valley and F a i r y Falls. Through Dutchtown, they proposed a parkway going north on N. Broadway Street !?om Wilkin Street (along the old quarry), west a block on St. Croix, north two blocks on N. First Street, east on E. Juniper Street, north along the bluff, west on E. Spruce Street to N. Third, and !?om there diagonally into Brown's Valley to head west and tie up with McKusick Lake.104

'"The Dutchtown n a i l by Mabel Myhre Sterlingin Historical Whisuerines. October 1980. 43 Deeds 514; There is a biography of Vollrner on Page 336 in Historv of the St. Croix

lm

Ydk~ edited by Augustus B. Easton. Chicago. H.C. Cooper Jr. & Co.. 1909.

lMPlan of Sfillwater, prepared under the direction of The P a ~ k Board, 1918. Morell& Nichols. Minneapolis. Minnesota. page 16-18.

l 3 e Waning Time, 1!302-l960

-

-

-

-

-

+

.

A plan for Dutchtown i n 1918. The shaded a r e a in the lower left was a park proposed a t the old Quarry site, east of N. Broadway a n d north ofAspen Street. The shaded area slightly left of center was a p a r k proposed where t h e Stillwater Country Club golf course is now. The d a r k wavy Line was a proposed parkway. The through street at the t o p of t h e m a p is N. Fourth Street. Regrettably, Mayor KoUiner, and City Councilmen. H.D. Campbell, M. L. Murphy, L. E. Torinus, and H. R. Woerz chose to take none of these options, and today all these stunning locations are now in private hands, and off-limits to the public. Are today's city leaders making more far-sighted decisions? I n 1924, Tom Varden, a golfprofessional a t the White Bear Lake Yacht club toured Stillwater to look a t four possible sites for a new golf course. After touring t h e sites, Varden was firmly convinced that "Atwood's Field" was the best possible site. The committee in charge of finding a site for the new golf course approached Henry Vollmer who was willing to sell the 80 acres for $8,000. After further deliberation, the StiUwater GolfCompany purchased the land in March of 1925 with a $3.000 down payment, a n d the balance to be paid a t the rate of $1,000 a year.Io5

Fun and Games T h e r e w e r e no e n t e r t a i n m e n t palaces in Dutchtown a n d most of the p l e a s u r e s w e r e s i m p l e ones.

For a complete history of the golfcourse, see Stillwater Countrv Club. 1924-1974: 50* Anniversary. Prepared by Betty Roney. N.P.,N. D. lM

4

T h e II'aninp Time. 1W2-I960

' 2 s we got older, ice hod house ~ a r t i e sO I L Soturdc.v everring which we called 'kitchert su:eats." They really were ,, square dollce parties u:ith t l ~ eaccordiorl player and a caller. Sometin~esule had a fiddler. Refreshnlents were sewed by the s beer. It u:os hostess. G e l ~ e r o l lit~ u:as cake OIL^ coffee, p l f ~ the good fellowsllip o r ~ dO I L elljoyable tirt~e. W h e r ~arLyorLe =as married iiz the ~ w i ~ h b o r l ~ otlze o d ,Y O U I L ~ people gothered i n the early e u e ~ ~ i rfor ~ g a s h i ~ a r e e . TlLey hod cow bells, o big circular sow which t l ~ e ypor~rlded with a hammer, shot off tlze ~ L L I L Sand , whooped and hollered r ~ r ~ tthe il bride and grooli~appeared with coke for the ladies, beer for the men, o r ~ dper~nies for the child re^^. T l ~ ekids rorL to the r~eighborhood store O I L Broadway and s p e ~ l t their lnolley O I L >e1111yca~dies."'106

Dutchtown in 1927 I n order to give a sense o f who was living in Dutchtown, and what they did for a living, I went through t h e 1927 City Directory, page b y page, and picked out all the residents of Dutchtown. T h i s information i s i n Appendix C. It i s apparent that many o f t h e m e n worked for T w i n City Forge and Foundry, a firm founded and owned by George H . Atwood, the previous proprietor o f the Atwood B Mill which provided employment for so many Dutchtown residents. Lillian and Louise Berg discuss employment opportunities in their book: i !

' M a n y melt worked i n the l u ~ n b e rcamps or i n the lur~tber mills-Schulenberg and Boeckeler Mill, later called Atwoods Mill, Thrasher Corrlpar~y,and the Drop Forge. Other worked at the old prison, a n d then at the new prison, Cor~nollyShoe Factory, Stillwater M a ~ ~ u f o c t u r iCompar~y, ~~g Northern Pacific railroad, at the Post office, a ~ i dotherplaces.

Stillwater. Mv Hometown and Yours.Unit 48, American Legion A u d a r y , 1989. Chapter 21, Carli and Schulenburg's Addition-Third Ward Dutchtown, by Lillian and Louise Berg. Page 82.

The Waning Time. 1932-1960 Courtesy of D o n Tmkc

m e yourlg girls ~vorkedat Starkel's Bakery, Kollirler's Shiit Factory, Ktlsh's Laurrdry, 11.furphy;s DeparLriierlL S~ore. Sintorle~'~ Carpet arid Furr~iture, Erickson's Furr~iture, and The Peterson's meat Martket. vtotllers stayed at I~orne a r d worked arld worked. They really worked the Zorrgest hours, a r ~ dIrad very hard work-washir~g, irorlirlg, cookir~g, takirzg care of children, arld sewirlg. Tl,ey kept the fires burrlirzg morrlir~g,iroort, and rlight '10' Dutchtown homes underlined in Appendix C, are gone. Of the 83 homes Listed in 1927, 39 houses, or a remarkable 47% of them, no longer esist. If we go back to our 1894 Listing (Appendix A), we find that of the 111 houses that existed at the peak of Dutchtown, 71 of them are no longer there. To this equation, we must add the few houses that were built i n the late 1890's.

From LR: Dorothy \\"nrner, Leora Teske, H e l e n Balfanz, c . 1920

S o w e can say, w i t h c o n s i d e r a b l e a c c u r a c y , that 71 houses, o r 62% o f the 115 h o u s e s in D u t c h t o w n at t h e t u r n o f t h e century no l o n g e r exist today. i T O further compound this dismaying statistic, we have to add the fact that the whole business district for Dutchtown that once existed along N. Main Street h a s completely disappeared without a trace, and that the two or three large manufacturing establishments have Likewise disappeared. The small businesses: the pop factory, brewery, neighborhood grocery stores are also gone. What does remain, however, are several of the small working class houses that are typical of the history of Dutchtown. Typical of the fate of several Dutchtown houses are the circumstances surrounding a fire on May 11, 1917 in which the house and barn of John Lembke at 2024 N. Lake Street suffered damage of $450, and the adjacent house of G. Pretzel, 2021 N. Lake Street suffered $322. There is no account

The \V=ning Time, 1902.

II

P h o t o v a p h c o u r t e s y of George Kahl

I

A gathering in front of the Nothnagle home a t 305 E.Alder Street.

L R in the back row: Henry Kothnagel, Duffy Xeske, Otto Klamrnen Pat hlillarcb, Charlie Seekel. L-R in the front row: Henry K a h l , Helman Neske, A1 Frazier and Bud Frazier.

o f the h e - a long way &om t h e h e de p artment- but i t provoked a stern warning from the Fire Department chief: "'Ar~tor~iobrle drivers ulho rush to fires arid who cross ahead of the fire departrr~elrt the way orle or ~ C L ' Odid Friday night, are liable to get into trouble' said First Assistorit Chief Sinzorr Alrdrews this riiorriirig. 'Ori the ulay to the fires iri Scltulerrberg's Addition Friday riight, orie big rriachirre, which was ort the wrong side of the street, cut across iri front of the lead learn of the deportnierit arrd O I L accourit of the dust that tlie auto kicked u p delayed the arrival of the firemeri several rriiriutes. Not corrterit with this, however, the sarrle driver rorr over a sectiori of hose that had beer. laid, i r ~order that the occupar~tso f the rrlacliine could get a better look at the fire, but he also backed over the hose injuring several feet that will riot be of m u c h further use to the departrrlerit. Drivers that d o rwt kriow any rr~oreabout lows t h a n this one are liable to heavy fines, arid the next orLe that is so reckless will be taught a lesson that he will riot forget shortly."lo8

'08

Stillwater Daily Gazette, March 12, 1917.

The Roadway is Widened In 1935, the Department of Highways purchased and tore down the old Knipps Brewery building at 1504 N.Main Street as well a s the buildings at 1710 and 1718 N. Main Street. They also took 1815 K. Broadway, 1820 K. Broadway, 1902 N.Broadway, and 2015 N. Broadway Street. In taking these buildings, they eliminated "Pete's Corner ' (N. hiain and E. Poplar Streets) SO named for Peter Newhouse who was running the Wayside Tavern and a bait shop at the old Knips Brewery building. Xewhouse sold minnows from concrete tubs on the east side of the railroad tracks; tubs that were furnished with water from the springs there. An entrepreneur of sorts, Nervhouse also raised chickens in the old Brewery caves.109 .3

When the road out of town was widened the following year, it also changed its course headin g north out of Dutchtown. Previously, the route north fiom downtown Stillwater took the traveler north on N. Main Street to E. Poplar Street, west one block on E. Poplar to N. Broadway Street, north on N. Broadway Street to E. Alder Street, then east two blocks on E. Alder Street to the Boom Road which then headed north along the river t h o u g h what i s today Wolfs Marina. This configuration of road left the creek bed of Brown's Creek largely undsturbed. But after 1936, the new highway north to Marine continued north on a line with N. Broadway Street to intersect with Highway 96 in what had once been a beautiful valley.

New Houses and Old Perceptions Between 1909 and 1947, there were only three houses built i n + whole area of Dutchtown. In 1938, Frederick Kalinoff, a Stillwater dentist, purchased a block of land fi-om Mrs. George Atwood, and, attracted by the view of the river, had a large house built on the crest of the hill at 1421 hT. First Street. The builder was Lawrence Limer, a Stillwater contractor. 'I0 In 1939, Roy Graff took out a permit to construct the shell of a house a t 308 E. Poplar Street, and, in 1941, Mrs. George Atwood (widow) took out a permit to built an $8,000-$10,000 brick veneer house on Lot 3, Block 33, a home that remains today a t No. 5, Rivercrest Drive."' It is said that the bricks used in the house came from the site of Atwood's Twin City Forge and Foundry building on North Main Street near where the Schulenburg & Boeckeler Mill had once stood.

I* 'lo

Conversation with Donald Teske Conversation with his son, David Linner Stillwater Building Permit Application #2711

Photograph

Courceb? o r

Louise Bere II

This is a photograph of Browns Creek Vallex looking northwest from approximately the intersection of E. Alder and K.Broadway Streets. I t was taken before t h e construction of Highway 96, and its interchange with Highway 95. At t h e time of this p h o t o p a p h , t h e road north t o Marine curved east a t E. Alder Street and wound n o r t h through what is today, \Volf Jlitrine. on the old Boom Road.

COW-s

Known a s Baunister's pasture, t h e valley was rented 3s pasture land for in the adjoiniug neighborhoods. T h e Berg sisters wrote:

'There was a time when Mrs. Bannister- u8ho lived o n Pest House Hill [Fairy Falls Road] h a d a p a s t u r e along Br-owns Creek a n d Picnic Hill. The children of the family would take the cows to the pasture. The g a t e was a little south of where Highidlay 96 enters Highway 95 (on Alder Street). W e n Mr. Bannister collected the money for the rent of the pasture, he would come to the door, knock o n d always say, 'Xnother month h a s g o n e by." The rent was a $1o month. Most families with a cow sold their s u r p l u s milk to their neighborsfor 5 cent6 a quort."

I

Off to t h e r i g h t s i d e of t h e photograph i s Picnic Hill where, i n t h e 1880'~, people came to picnic a n d enjoy F a i r y Falls. After t h e t u r n o f the century, t h e r e were motorcycle r a c e s t o t h e t o p of t h e hill, a n d Dutchtown residents remember t h e occasional motorcycle t i p p i n g backwards n e a r t h e summit. For a time in t h e early 1930's, t h e Stillwater National G u a r d would march into the val1ey;and use t h e hills a s a backdrop t o t a r g e t practice.

T h e WaninC Tim+ 1902-1960

During much of this period, it seems to be t h e consensus that Dutchtown was not considered one of the more desirable places in Stillwater to live. One life-lon g resident of Dutchtown said it was a common perception t h a t "you don't want to go to Dutchtown or Oak P a r k after dark," although h e was quick to add t h a t h e felt the perception unjustified. Another Stillwater resident who & d not live in Dutchtown called it "a slum" during this period; it is, he said, "much improved today." But whatever t h e outsider's perception of this neighborhood, most of those who actually Lived there agree it =as a close-knit, interrelated neighborhood comprised of poor and working peopleperhaps much Like a n inner-city neighborhood today. And while many innercity neighborhoods may look "tough" and run-down, they often have a vitality, a diversity, and a sense of connection lacking in t h e more affluent and sterile neighborhoods.

In 1950, the population of Stillwater was 7,674 and on its way up. The prosperity of the folloning years brought about a budding boom in Stillwater. Developers, keenly aware that the St. Croix River was becoming more and more of an attraction, particularl y to those from the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, began to look closely at sites afforhng a river view--or proximity to the river. One of the most dramatic vistas was f?om the bluff top along N. First Street, an observation made 100 years earlier by Louis Hospes who built his mansion there. This area, which was dubbed 'South Dutchtown" by one resident, has also been known as "Pill Hill," for the number of doctors living there. The first person to take advantage of this river bluff site was a StiUwater dentist, Frederick Kalinoff, who purchased a block of land born Mrs. George Atwater in 1939, and contracted with Lawrence Linner to b d d him a substantial house overlooking the river at 14Zl 1. First Street. Dr. Kalinoff raised chickens on his property. Their chicken house was dubbed the "Riverview" chicken coop which is said to be the inspiration for the street of the same name.112 The second house in the area was built by Mrs. George Atwood in 1941, also with a commanding river view, at No. 5 Rivercrest Lane.

In the early 1950's, Lawrence Linner, and his son, David, built three houses in the area, including the home at 1503 N. First Street where David now lives. Wally Handevidt, a developer, also constructed several houses in this area. In 1958, Registered Land Survey #3 was platted in Block 33, A d a much larger Registered Land Survey #7 was platted in parts of Blocks 25, 31, 32, 33, 34, 39 and 40 of Carli and Schulenburg's Addition. In naming the streets, the developers left little doubt about the attraction of their property: River Heights Drive, Riverview Drive, Ridgelane Drive and Rivercrest Lane. Two years later, St. Croix Heights was platted on Block 24. Down below i n "Lower Dutchtown," five years later in 1965, on Blocks 41, 50 and 51, Lakeview Terrace was platted with Lakeside Drive a s the thoroughfare. A site that had been industrial for over a 50 years now became a manicured suburban street with its modern houses and private marina. Herbert Balfanz, a contractor, who grew up a t 1722 N. Broadway Street built a number of buildings throughout Stillwater. Among them were the

"'Conversation with Dr. Frederick Kalinoff, Jr.

T h c Xlctamorphosis. I 9 5 & P r ~ n l

remodeling of his f a d y home, and new houses a t 1510 N. Broadway and 305 E. Poplar Street."" ... Along with the new residential development fostered by the St. Croix River, there also came three new river-based businesses to Dutchtown. Wolf Marine, established in 1960; the R-pf "Dutch Harboi" Marina, and Maritronics a t 2103 Schulenburg Alley.

Wolf Marine In the late 19501s, Helen and Walter Wolf were the proprietors of a successfd automobile business i n Stillwater located on the northeast corner of Osgood Avenue and Highway 36. They &d automobile repair and sold new Buicks and Studebakers. But when Highway 36 was widened from two lanes to four lanes, the Wolfs had to relinquish their business. Looking around for another business, Walter became interested i n running a marina. H e hked boats; h e liked to fish; and, a t the time, h e envisioned a leisurely, small, seasonal business providing dockage for a few houseboats. After a study of the riverfront, a n d the two other marinas already existing: Rumpf s "Dutch Harbor" and Sunnyside, h e picked a spot where Brown's Creek emptied into the St. C r o i x a n t h e location of t h e old Boom Road. By purchasing some land from Bannister, acquiring some vacated land, and buying two old houses near t h e site, h e accumulated enough land to begin his marina. However, the site was less than ideal. Most of t h e area off the shore was a thicket of willow trees in shallow water; it would be n e c e s s w t o dredge out a bay of s&cient depth to allow boats up to t h e shore. During t h e long and laborious process of dredging, Helen Wolf recalls t h a t a number of old lumberman boots, peavey's, a n d piles of lumber slabs were pulled fiom the river bottom. Opening i n 1960, t h e Marina is today a bustling business now in t h e hands of Walter's and Helen's grandchildren, a third generation business.lI4

'I3 "I

Conversation with Herbert Balfanz Inteniew with Helen Wolf

Maritronics M h t r o n i c s , at 2103 Schulenburg Alley, is the business of Deb DeSteno and Dan C h d e e n who started it in 1988. They service and sell all Marine electronic equipment, including depth meters, Marine radios, and GPS units, covering a n area from north of Stillwater south to CVabasha. hlinnesota. In the winter, they repair VCR's and do general audio-video electronics repair.11"

Street Realignment In 1987, hInDot concluded that the turn east on E. Alder Street from N. Broadway Street was too hazardous, and they made plans, using right-ofway land acquired years before, to .move the access to Wolf Marine further north. Their original plan was to run the road due east, taking the house at 2103 Schulenburg Alley. However, Deborah DeSteno and Dan Challeen made an impassioned plea to reroute the street several feet south of the house at 2103 Schulenburg Alley which they had just agreed to purchase. AS a result of their e£fort, the current access to Wolf Marine begins north of E. Alder Street, but soon curves to the south, following the original course of E. Alder Street.

A River View T h e newer houses in the area south of E.Poplar Street were s p e d the cookie cutter development that marks other suburban areas 'like Croixwood. Here most of the houses were custom built, and there is some variety in the landscape and layout of the streets. Today the area is inhabited by a few families who have lived here for decades. 13nner, Kraemer, Coleman, come to mind. In this area south of E. Poplar Street, there are very few remnants of the past. One of the few, which should be preserved, are the limestone curbs on Second Street north of River Crest Lane. Today, the desire for a river view and proximity to the river is driving the demand for property in old Dutchtown, and we have already seen the building of new houses which are totally out of contex* with the residential nature and character of the old part of Dutchtown. 'I5

Interview with Deb DeSteno

Presently the old part of Dutchtown is undergoing a metanlorphosis. With its precipitous hills and river views, with its i n e x ~ e n s i v elots and old houses, realtors a n d develo p ers are purchasing the houses to demolish theiu, and i n their place build new ex-pensive suburban homes. As more of these lavish homes a r e built, their owners will demand city sewer and water and, eventually t h e costs of t h e assessments may well force the sale of any of the old houses remaining. This is unfortunate, because Dutchtown is a unique p l a c e a n example of a lumber mill town during t h e period when lumber built t h e St. Croix Valley and indeed, fueled much of the growth i n eastern Minnesota. Today there are enough vestiges of Dutchtown remaining to glimpse t h e flavor and color of'-the original village. Tomorro~v i t may well be nothing more picturesque and sigmficant t h a n another expensive suburbanenclave.

There was, in the early 1890's, a remarkable convergence of sources for the documentation of the homes and their occupants in Dutchtown. In December of 1892, Lewis W. Clarke, a surveyor and civil engineer, drew a very detailed and accurate map of the Dutchtown area, showing every house, outbuilding, fence, well, lot line, and street boundary. This remarkable color-coded plat m a p , which is approximately three feet by four feet, is in the St. Croix Collection at the Stillwater Public Library. Also the early 1890's, R. L. Polk & Company began ~ u b l i s h i n ga fairly high quality City Directory for the city of Stillwater. This Directory listed all the adult male residents of the city in alphabetical order, along with their address and occupation. I went page by page through the 1894 City Directorv and collected d those persons and their addresses who were listed as living in Dutchtown. This Directory was particularly useful because many of the homes in Dutchtown were owned by the Schulenburg and Boeckeler Lumber Co. and this Directory listed the residents rather than the property owners. To these two sources, I added the information contained in the 1892 T a x Assessor's records for the Dutchtown area. These records list the legal description of the property, the owner of the property, and the assessed (market) value. The assessed values are given in the list. That value is a combination of the property and the lot. Obviously two lots of the same size might vary in assessed value depending on the size of the house, and by the same token, two houses, might be the same size on different size lots, and the assessed value would therefore be different. The value of lots throughout Dutchtown was not constant, and in some cases, the same size lot in different locations would have different assessed values. For example, a high lot on First Street would be worth more than a lot on Schulenburg Alley which might be subject to flooding. I t is therefore almost impossible to make precise speculations about what was the size or value of a house on any given lot, but I believe it is possible to get a general idea of what value structure may have existed on a given lot. For example, the modest two story house which remains at 1924 N. First Street with one outbuilding, and a full 100x150 foot lot had an assessed value in 1892 of $558.00. By comparison, the house at 2001 Schulenburg Alley which was one-story, 22x12 feet with a 9x12 addition, (372 s/f, probably no basement) and the house at 2007 Schulenburg Alley which was one-story, 24x12 feet with a 6x9 addition, (342 slf, probably no basement) plus the 100x150 foot lot on which they both stood, was given a total assessed value of $306. From the use of these values,

small inexpensive homes. When compared with the assessed value of houses in other Stillwater neighborhoods a t the time, this conclusion i s reinforced.

The compilation and distillation of these three sources o f information, the color-coded ~ l a map, t the 1894 City Directory, and the 1892 Tax Assessor's records, is t o be found in the following list which is, in itself, a remarkable snapshot of Dutchtown in the early 1890's when the community w a s a t its zenith.

Bold d e n o t e s a h o u s e b e l o n g i n g to S c h u l e n b u r g & Boeckeler L u m b e r Company Underlined denotes a house that was no loneer there in 1927. (R) indicates a primary resident of the house. (B) indicates a Boarder, often an adult child

Alder E. 305 Gustaf Nothnagel, watchman. Schulenburg 8; Boeckeler (R) Block 54. Lot 6 Assessed value of lot and house was S204.00. Alder E. 310 Josephine Pospeshenske (widow Edward) (R) Stanislaus Pospeshenske, rafter, (B) Unplatted north 28 acres of Government Lot 2. Unable to determine value for one house. A l d e r E. 312 Frederick Goph, laborer, (R) Frederick Yope, laborer (R) Unplatted north 28 acres of Government Lot 2. Unable to determine value for one kouse. A l d e r E. 428 Charles Seikel boomman, (B)in rear Emil Seikel, boomman, (B) rear Julius Seikel, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) rear Elizabeth Drager (widow Martin) (B) Godfiied Seaman, laborer. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Unplatted north 28 acres of Government Lot 2. Unable to determine value for one house. Broadway 1722 John Glade. laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 40, Lot 1. Assessed value oflot and house was $658.00 B r o a d w a y 180211803 William Just, oiler, (R) Block 42, Lot 3. Assessed value of lot and house (with 1806 Broadway) was $810.00 B r o a d w a y 1806 C k t o p h e r Diethert, eng. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 42. Lot 3. Assessedvalue of lot and house (with 1802 Broadway) was $810.00

Broadwav 1807 Anna Schun (aidow Henry) (R) Block 41, Lot 3. Assessed value of lot and house was 5353.00 B r o a d w a y 1808 Edward Teske, boomman, (B) (Same as 1806 Broadway) Emil Teske, boomman. (B) .Julius Teske. laborer. (R) Block 42. Lot 2. Not shoun on 1892 Map. B r o a d w a v 1810 John Kolander, laborer, (R) Block 42,Lot 2. Not shown on 1892 Map B r o a d w a y 1812 A u p s t Senkbeil, laborer, M u l e n b u r g 8: Boeckeler (B) .Andreas Senkbeil, laborer, @) A u s s t a Senkbeil (widow Andreas) (R) . Jobn Senkbeil, laborer (B) Block 42. Lot 2.Assessed value of lot and house was $305.00 B r o a d w a y 1815 John Seeman, laborer. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) B l d 41. Lot 2. Assessed value of lot and house was $105.00. B r o a d w a y 1620 Frederick Drager, laborer, Schulenburg 8: Boeckeler (R) Amelia Drager, dressmaker (B) Charles Drager, boomman, (8) Block 42,Lot 1. Assessedvalue of lot and house was $510.00. Broadway 1902. Owned by estate of Christopher Draver. No resident Listed. Block 49, Lot 3. .&sessed value oflot and houses (with 320 Willow) was $608.00. Broadway 1912. Owned by Gates A. Johnson. No resident listed. Block 49, Lot 2. Assessed value of lot and house was $458.00. Broadway 1914 Gustave Seggelke, laborer, St. P & D RR (R) John E. Pringle, molder, (R) Block 49. Lat 1 W.of RR tracks. Assessed value of lot and house was $153.00. I

B r o a d w a y 1921 August Lambrecht, Schulenburg & Boedteler, (B) Frederick Hinz, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler Block 50,Lot 6. Assessed value of lot and house was $358.00. Broadway 1924 DorettaRengstorff(widow John D) (g) (Z believe this same as 1920 N. Broadway) George RengstoB, carpenter. (R) Block 49, Lot 1 E. of RR tracks. Assessed value of lot and house was $153.00. B r o a d w a y 2007 Herman Lange, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (Fi) Block 53, Lot 4. Assessed value of lot andhouses (with 410 E.Hazel) was $358.00. B r o a d w a y 2015 John Bloomquist, laborer (Fi) Conrad Plaetcher, laborer, (R) Ernest Reutimann. hamessmaker. (El) Jacob Reutimann, laborer, ~ c h & h b u i g & Boeckeler (Fi) Block 53. Lot 5. Assessed value of lot and houses (with 2010 Schulenburg Alley) was

Broadway 2016 Adolph Isermann, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 54. Lot 2. Assessed value of lot and house was $358.00. B r o a d w a y 2017 Joseph Lustig, rafter. (R) Block 53, Lot 6. Assessed value of lot and house (with 2021 Broadway) was $455.00 Broadway 2018 Peter Sorenson, blacksmith J. Connors. (R) William Scott, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 54, h t 1. Assessed value of lot and house (with 2022 Broadway) was $1 105. B r o a d w a y 2021 WiUiarn Neske, laborer, (R) Block 53, Lot 6. Assessed value oflot and house (aith 2 0 1 i Broadway) was $455.00. Broadway 2022 Rudolph Reutimann, boomman. (B) .. Adolph Reutimann, boomman, (B) Walter Deggeller (R) Block 54. Lot 1. Assessed value of lot and house (with 2018 Broadway) was S1105.00. Broadway n.w. cur LVillow Lena Berschens (widow Nicholas) (R) There does not seem to he any house on the map that would match this description. Broadway nr. city limits Gustav Kunkel (R) There does not seem to be any house on the map that would match this description. F i r s t N. 1404 Nicholas Collins, millwright, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) (Same as 1406) Block 25. The map does not cover this area. First N. 1414 Ole Anderson. driver, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Mary Kanson (widow Hans) (B) Block 25. The map does not cover this area.

First N. 1818 William Wagner, laborer. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 43, S.5 Lot 1. k s e s s e d value of lot and house was $226.00. I

F i r s t N. 1824 Adolph Seal*, lahorer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Herman Goph, laborer. (R) Herman Yope. laborer (R) Block 43, Nlh Lot 1.Assessed value of lot and house (with 219 E. Willow) was $126.00. First N. 1908 Henrietta Janitz (widow August) (R) William Janitz, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 48, NH Lot 3. Assessed value of lot and house was $153.00. (The present house was constructed i n 1893. &er the map was drawn.) 9-

Adolph Wirth, boomman. (B) Edward Wirth. Jr. laborer. (B) Edward Wirth, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 49, Lot 5. Assessed value of lot and house (with 191 1 N. First) was $129.00.

F i r s t 191 1

M&

Radunz, laborer. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R)

Bid 49, Lot 5. Assessed value oflot and house (with 1909 N. F i s t ) was $129.00.

First 1912 Charles Roepke laborer, (R) Block 48. SYz Lot 2. Assessed value of lot and house was $152.00. First 1914 Albert B i d e r , scaler, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (B) Sophia Binker (widow John) (R) John Binker, bartender, 302 N. blain (B) Block 48, NK Lot 2. Assessed value o f lot and house w a s S153.00. F i r s t N. 1917 Herman Lietrow, laborer, (R) Block 49, S K Lot G. Assessed value oflot and house was $253.00. First N. 1924 Augusta Berg (widow John) (R) Reinhart Berg, laborer, Schulenburg & Bwckeler (B) Herman Berg, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (B) Block 48. Lot 1. Assessed value oflot and house was 15558.00. F i r s t N. 1930 August C. Ponath, laborer. Schulenburg & B o d e l e r (R) Carl Ponath. laborer. (B) Although not numbered on the map, I believe this is the dwelling a t B l d 55, Lot 2 Assessed value of lot and house was $26.00! F i r s t N. 1931 Henrian Nuttke, oiler. Schulenburg & Boedteler (R) (Should be 2018) Block 54. Lot 5 . Assessed value of lot and house was $128.00. Fourth N. 1410 Charles E. Ponath, laborer, Florence Mill Co. (R) The map does not cover this area. Fourth N. 1420 Charles Dockendofl. boomman (B) Hiram W. Dockendofl, teamster, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) The map does not cover this area. Fourth N. nr. city limits Christopher Schwenke, laborer, (R) The map does not cover this area. Fourth N. nr. city limits Charles Rueckert, laborer, (R) The map does not cover this area. Fourth N. nr. city limits Ferdinand Hiller, laborer (R) The map does not cover this area. Fourth N. nr. a t y limits Mrs. Malvina Wittich (R) The map does not cover this area. Fourth N. nr. city limits Stephen Krenke, laborer. (B) Hazel W. 101 EmilTeenge. laborer. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) B l d 46, Lot 1. Assessed value of lot and house w a s $157.00. H a z e l W. 106 Michael Schumacher, Jr. laborer. (B) Michael Schurnacher, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) B l d 57, Lot 3. Assessed value oflot and house was $259.00.

Hazel E. 110 Wdliarn Reier, laborer. (B) John Reier, foreman, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Paul Reier, laborer. Schulenburg 8: Boeckeler CB) Block 56, Lot 4 . Assessed value of lot and house was S280.00 Hazel E. 122 Charles Glaser. laborer, East Side Lhr. C. (B) Emil Glaser, laborer. (B) Christopher Glaser, eng. Florence hLill Co. (R) Block 56. Lot 3. Assessed value of lot and house was $380.00. Raze1 E. 209 Annie Garth (widow John) (B) John Utecht, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 48, Lot 6. Assessed value of lot and house (with 1917 N. Second) a-as $S381.00 Hazel E. 222 Martin Manthey, laborer, (R) Martin Monn (R) Block 55, Lot 3. Assessed value of lot and house was $579.00. Hazel E. 302 Charles Berg, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 54, Lot 4 @art). There were four owners of this lot, plus the RR Hazel E. 304 August F. Isermann, laborer, (B) August F. W. Isermann, carpenter. (R) William I s e ~ m a n nlaborer, , (B) Block 54. Lot 4 (part) There were four owners of this lot, plus the RR. Hazel E. 312 A n h e a s Llielke, laborer, Schulenburg & Boedteler (R) Block 54, Lot 4 @art). There were four owners of this lot, plus the RR Hazel E. 324 Theodore Schuelling. bottler, Wm. Schuelling (B) Anton Schuelling, bottler Wm. Schuelling, (B) William Schuelling. Pop Mnfr, res same Block 54, Lot 3. Assessed value of lot and house was $658.00. Hazel E. 410 Henry Rump, laborer, (R) ;I Agnes Rump, domestic (B) Block 53, Lot 4. Assessed value of lot andhouse (with 2007 Broadway) was $305.00. H a z e l E. 502 August S. Hintz, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 52, Lot 3. Assessed value of lot and house (along with 2009 N. Lake)was $105.00 Lake N.2002 Carl Radunz, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Herman Klawitter, sawyer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) This house is not the map, b u t there is another house, 1908 N. L a k e which is on Block 51, Lot 2. Assessed value of lot and house was $205.00. L a k e N. 2009 August Kuenkel, laborer. Schulenburg & Boeckeler @) Block 52, Lot 3. Assessed value of lot andhouse (with 502 E. Hazel) was $105.00 Lake

N. 2015

August Nitz. laborer, Schulenburg 8:Boeckeler (R) Block 52, Lot 2. Assessed value of lot and house was $96.00.

Lake

N. 2021 Gustav Pretzel. stonecutter P.N. Peterson, (8) Gotfiied Pretzel, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Julius Pretzel. boomman. (B) Block 52. Lot 1. .&sessedvalue of lot andhouse ( a i t h 2024 h'. Lake) was $429.00

L a k e N.2024 John Lembke. laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) (Same as 2023 N.Lake) Block 52. Lot 1. Assessed value of lot a n d house (with 2021 N. Lake) was $429.00. M a i n N. 1412-1414 Schulenburg & Boeckelerlumber Co. This was the company store a n d office.

Blain N. I506 Frederick S. Rosche, himmer. Schulenburg & Boeckeler

(B)

Charles Youngquist, blacksmith, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Christopher Jesse, laborer, (B) Herman G. Kluttke, setter, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (B) T h e map did not cover this area. This was the hLiU Boarding House. M a i n N. 1524 Richard Kirschner, millwright, Scbulenburg & Boeckeler (R) T b e map did not cover this area. Tbis was a dwelling.

Main h ' . 170-1 Bruno E.Pospeshensb-e, setter, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Edward Lecuyer. boomman, (R) F r a n k Klein (B) Frauk Klein Jr., laborer, (B) George McCormick, laborer, (R) Joseph Klein, teamster. (B) Nathan Revord, boomman. (R) This was t h e old Knipps Brewery building now used a s a Boarding Ilouse. Main N.1710 F r a n k Mitchell, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) This was commercial property u i t h a dwelling on it.

M a i n N. 1716 Elias Mitchell, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) l b s was commercial property with a dwelling on it.

Main N. 1720 Abraham Knutson, dk J. P. Hanson. (B) H a n s Jensen (no occ) (B) James P. IIanson, grocer, store & residence This was a grocery store.

P o ~ l a rE.309 Herman Meister, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler

(R)

Block 40,Lot 6. Assessed value oflot a n d house was $53.00.

Poplar E.310 Adolph Siede, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Andreas Hinz, (b) Louis Hinz, laborer, Schulenhurg & Boeckeler (EL) Block 42,Lot 4. h s e s s e d v a l u e oflot a n d house (with 1808 First) was 5455.00. wenbureAllev 2001 Ferdinand Rentzloff, laborer. Schulenburg 8: Boeckeler (R) Block 53,Lot 3. Assessed value of lot a n d house (with 2007 Schulenburg m e y ) w a s $303.00

S c h u l e n b u r g Alley 2007 John Schraeder. tailor F.C. Cutler. (R) Block 53, Lot 3. .4.ssessed value of lot and house ( a i t h 2001 Schulenburg m e y ) was $305.00. .. S c h u l e n b u r g Alley 2011 August ULrich. laborer, (B) hfichael Ulrich, laborer. Schulenburg 8: Boeckeler (R) Block 53, Lot 2. i\ssessed value of lot and house (with 2017 Schulenburg M e g ) was $255.00. S c h u l e n b u r g Alley 2012 Dora Radloff (widow William) (El) (Same as 2010) Louis Kuehn, teamster. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 53, Lot 5. Assessed value of lot and house (with 2015 Broadway) was S405.00. S c h u l e n b u r g Alley 2017 Herman Balfanz, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Frederick Thiel, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (El) Julius Thiel, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block53, Lot 2. Assessed value of lot and house (with 2011 Schulenburg Alley) was S255.00. S c h u l e n b u r g Alley 2021 Wm. Balfanz, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 53, Lot 1. Assessedvalue of lot and house (with 2023 Schulenburg m e y ) was Si05.00. S c h u l e n b u r g Alley 2023 William Steinkamp, fireman, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) William Steinlamp, Jr. (B) Block 53, Lot 1. Assessed value of lot and house (with 2021 Schulenburg m e y ) was SiO5.00. S c h u l e n b u r g Alley 2103 Gotlieb Banderloff, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Unplatted north 28 acres of Government Lot 2. Unable to determine value for one house. S c h u l e n b u r g Alley 2105 William Radloff, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) (Same as 2107) Unplatted north 28 acres of Government Lot 2. Unable to determine value for one house. S e c o n d N. 1816 Albert Kolbe, laborer, (R) (Same as 1813) Caroline Kolhe (widow Albert) (B) Block 43, Lot 5. Assessed value of lot and house was $303.00. S e c o n d N. 1817 Frederick Hiller, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) !I John Kalke, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 43, Lot 6. Assessedvalue of lot and house (with 1820 Second & 207 Willow) was $106.00. S e c o n d N. 1820 Michael Kolander, laborer. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 43, Lot 6. Assessed value of lot and house (with 1817 Second & 207 Willow) was $106.00. Second N. 1905

Jacob J. Rohner, laborer. h b n Thresher Mnfg. Co. (R) Jacob Rohner. laborer, @) William F. Rohner, (B) Frederick Kubli (B) Fritz Rohner, hamessmaker, (B) Block 48, N K Lot 4. Assessed value of lot and house was $479.00.

Second N. 1911 Frederick Roepke, laborer, (R) Block 48, S!4 Lot 5. Assessed value of lot and house was $153.00.

Second K.1913 Carl Volzman, laborer, (R) William Voeltzmann. laborer (R) Block 48, N V * Lot 5. Assessed value of lot and house (aith 1915 Second) was Si6.001 Second N. 1915 Edward Ponath, rafter, (R) hlichael Geskie (no occ) (B) Block 48. NK Lot 5. Assessed value oflot and house (aith 1913 Second) a-as Si6.00! Second K.1917 Henry Balfaur. laborer, Schulenburg & Boeclreler (R) Block 48, Lot 6 . Assessed value of lot and house (with 209 Hazel) was 5381.00. Second N.2006 Gustaf Ferchow, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 56. Lot 3 . Assessed value of lot and house (with 122 Hazel) was $380 0 0 Second X. 2012 Ferdinand Klarnann, trimmer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Frank N a m a n n , rafter, (B) Frank Klaurner, laborer, E. Side Lbr Co. (B) Rudolph Klamann, boomrnan. @) Block 56, Lot 2 . Assessed value of lot and house (aith 2016 Second) was $255.00. Second N. 2016 Albert Neuman. rafter. (B) Otto Neumann, laborer, (B) Rose Neurnann (widow Frederick) (R) Block 5 6 , Lot 2 . Assessed value oflot and house (with 2012 Second) was $255.00 Second N. 2018 Albertina Hoppe (widow Arnold) (R) Block 5 6 , Lot 1. Assessed value of lot and house was $117.00 Second n.w.comer Willow

Schulenburg School

T h i r d N.2007 Wilham Radunz. @) Block 56, Lot 5 . Assessed value of lot and house (with 110 Hazel) $280.00. T h i r d N. 2008 John Wirth, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Martha Wirth, dressmaker AC. Schuttinger (03) Block 57. Lot 3. Assessed value of lot and house was $259.00. T h i r d N. 2009 Amelia Buttke, milliner (B) August Buttke, lahorer, Schulenburg & Boecb-eler (R) Block 56, Lot 5 . Assessed value of lot and house (with 2013 Third) was $430.00 T h i r d N. 2012 Emil Roepke, setter. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (B) Gotlieb Kress, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 57, Lot 2 . Assessed value oflot and house was $242.00. T h i r d N. 2013 Herman Mellarch, laborer, (R) Herman MiUucke, laborer. Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 56, Lot 5. Assessed value of lot and house (with 2009 Third) was 8430.00

Willow E. 119 John Plumbaum, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 44, W 94' Lot 1 . Assessed value of lot and house w a s $226.00.

\Yillow E. 123 Jacob Zass (R) (Same as 125) Block 44, E 56' Lot 1. .%sessed value oflot andhouse was $226.00.

.,.

\ViUow E. 207 C a r l Dahlke. laborer, Schulenburg 8; Boeckeler (R) Block 43, Lot 6. Assessed value of lot and house (with 181'7 8; 1820 First) was ~ 1 0 6 . 0 0 . Willow E. 212 Wm. Berg, laborer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) Block 48,Sfi Lot 4. Assessed value oflot and house was $33.00. Willow E. 224 Caroline Bremmer (widow Henry) (B) Block 48, SL/>Lot 3. Assessedvalue of lot and house was $153.00 Willow E. 301 August Teenge, foremm, S Union D & T r a n s . Co (R) Block 42. Lot 6. Assessed value of lot and house ( a l t h 307 & 309 Willow) was 5653.00. .. iF5llow E. 301 William Korn, rafter. (B) Adolph Korn, rafter. (R) Paulina Korn (widow August) (B) Block 42, Lot 6 . .4ssessed value of lot and house (with 301 8; 309 Willow) was S653.00.

115llow E. 309 John Ponath, lahorer, Schulenburg & Boeckeler (R) I f i s . Augusta Ponath. (B) Block 42, Lot 6 . Assessed value of lot and house (with 301 & 305 Willow) was $653.00. Willow E. 310 Edward Kelly, collector. Pontoon Bridge (B) James Kelly (no occ) (11) John Kelly, laborer, (B) Joseph Kelly, laborer (B) Block 49, Lot 4 . .4ssessedvalue of lot and house was $658.00 Willow E. 318 John Seeman (R) This house does not appear on tbe map W

w E. 320 Alphonse Cosino, rafter (R) Block 49, Lot 3. Assessed value of lot andhouse (with 1902 Broadway) was F608.0Q

In August of 1902, George Atwood, current owner of the old

Schulenburg and Ebeckeler Mill and all i t s property, sold off the lots in Dutchtown to the people who had been Living there for decades. The following is a List of those transactions, the legal description of the property, the citation to the deed i n the Register of Deeds office, a n d t h e purchaser of t h e property. This marked t h e end of Dutchtown a s a company town.

.. Broadway N. 1802; B42, SK L3; 55 Deeds 12; William Jost Broadway N.1806; B42, NW L3; 57 Deeds 35; Christ Diethert Broadway N. 180G; B42, S 40'L2; 57 Deeds 216; Christ Diethert Broadway N. 1812; B42. NL/r L2; 50 Deeds 626; August S i b i U Broadway N. 1818; B42, SK L1; 57 Deeds 11; Carl Radunz Broadway h'. 1820; B42, NYz L l ; 57 Deeds 16; Frederick Drager Broadway N. 2007; B53, W % of NYI LA & WK of S'/i L5; Herman Lange Broadway h'. 2015; B53, N % L5; 57 Deeds 51: Ferdinand Bathka Broadway

N.2017; B53, SK L6; 50 Deeds 636: B. E. Pospeschinske

Broadway

N.2021;

B53, NK L6; 57 Deeds 34; William Neske

First N . 1808; B42, NK L4; 57 Deeds 24; Julius Teska First N . 1810; B42, SK W ; 57 Deeds 25; Augusuta Lagerman First N. 1818; B43. SK L1 & N 37'L2; 57 Deeds 431; Carl Lawrenz First N. 1909; 1349, S 2 T W ; 50 Deeds 624; Edward Wirth First N.1917; B49. SK L6; 50 Deeds 631; Jacob Brandt Hazel E. 101; B46, E 50' L1 & E 50' NK L2: 57 Deeds 60: Emil Tunge Hazel E. 106; B57, SK L3; 57 Deeds 36; Michael Schumacher Hazel E. 110; B56, S K

LA; 57 Deeds 34; John Reier

Hazel E. 122; B56, S K L3; 50 Deeds 633; Christ. Glazier

Hazel E. 209; B48. K% L6: 50 Deeds 635; Andrew Hinz H a z e l E . 410; B53. SYx IA;57 Deeds l i ; Andrew Rumpf Lake N. 2015; B52. S 13K'Ll & K. 53'L2; 55 Deeds 303; Louis Hinz

L d e N.2021; B52, L1; 55 Deeds 217; Got&ied Pretzel1 Lake N. 2024; B52,N 30' L1; 60Deeds 267; John Lernhbra

Poplar E . 309; B40, NK L6; 57 Deeds 13; IIerrnm Sleister Schulenburg AUey 2001; B53, Sl/r L3; 57 Deeds 31; Fred. Rentzloff Schulenburg .Wey 2007; B53, Nk L3; 50 Deeds 623; Edward Teska Schulenburg AUey 2011; B53, SY2 L2; 50 Deeds 265; Emil Seekel Schulenburg .Wey 2017; B53, NYz L2; 50 Deeds 629; Herman Balfanz Schulenburg AUey 2021; B53, Sl/r L l ; 57 Deeds 68; William Balfanz Schulenburg Alley 2023; B53, N K L1; 57 Deeds 266; Mrs. Wiham Steinkamp Second N. 1820; B43. NK of S'h L6; 57 Deeds 67; Michael Kolander Second N. 1913; B48, S 25' of N% L5; 50 Deeds 640; William Vorltzman Second N. 1915; B49. N 73' L5:57 Deeds 4; Martin Radunz Second N. 1917; B48, S K L6; 57 Deeds 47; Henry Balfanz Second N. 2006; B56, NH L3;57 Deeds 28; Gustav Firchow Second N. 2012; B56. S K L2; 57 Deeds 29: Fred Klamman Second N. 2016; B56, NK L2; 57 Deeds 3; Rose Wachsmuth Second N. 2018; B56, SYz L1; 57 Deeds 46; John Wirth Third N. 2007; B56, N% L4; 57 Deeds 26; August Bachkolk Third N. 2008; B57, NK L3; 57 Deeds 158; Henry Batine Third N. 2009; B56. SYz /I; 50 Deeds 634; August Gust Third N. 2012; B57. S K L2; 57 Deeds 27; Gottlieb Kress Third N. 2013; B56, NK L5; 57 Deeds 32; Herman Millarch Willow E. 119; B44, part of L l & L2; 57 Deeds 134; John Plumhaurn Willow E. 207; B43, Kl/.L6; 57 Deeds 21; Carl D a h k e

Willox E. 301; B42, W113 L6; 57 Deeds 45; Herman GriEf Willow E. 307; B42, part L6; 57 Deeds 39; Paulina Carn Willow E. 309; B42. EL13 L6; 57 Deeds 239; John Ponath Nohouse; B40, N K L2; 57 Deeds 156; Johanne Jenson NOhouse; B40, S% L6; 57 Deeds 609; Herman N e s t e r (1906 transaction)

T h e following list was compiled from the 1927 Stillwater City Directory. That Directory- is an alphabetical list of the residents of Stillwater along with their occupations. In order to compile this list, I went through the Directory page by page and collected those names Listed a t Dutchtown addresses. To make sure, I had a name for every address, I double checked the house numbers against the 1930 Stillwater City Directory which, for the &st time, h a d a listing of all the house numbers in Stillwater.

Those a d d r e s s that are underlined are h o u s e h t no longer e d s t , Alder E. 305 Caroline Nothnagle, (widow Gust) Henry Nothnagle, laborer Alder E. 428 Theodore Lueken, shoeworker, Foot S c h S e & Co. Broadway N. 1422 (no listing) Broadway N. 1522 Bernard Balfanz, laborer, T.C. Forge 8: Foundry Broadwav N. 1802 EmeLe Yost (widow WiUiam) Broadway N. 1806 William Teske. lahorer, T.C. Forge &Foundry Broadway N. 1812 August Senlrbeil, operator. Stillwater Mfg. Co. Herman W. Senkbeil, laborer. T.C. Forge & Foundrg BroadwavN. 1815 Leo 3. Werner, treer. Connolly Shoe Co. Marie Werner, operator, Smithson Paper Box CO. Martha Werner (widow Fred) Rose Werner, shoeworker, Foot S c h S e & CO. Broadway N. 1818 Anthony E. Kaeck, molder,T.C. Forge & Foundry Broadwav N. 1820 Alvie Owsley Carol W. Hagen, laborer. T.C. Forge &Foundry Broadvav N. 1902 Epluaim Mondor, stoker. Northern States P. Co. Broadwav N. 1914 Albert E. Fischer.laster. Connolly Shoe Co. Broadway N. 1920 LewisRice. clerk. Ryden & Holquist MaudeRice, shoeworker, Foot Schulze & Co. William A Rice, guard, Mim.State Prison

Appendix C

Broada-ay N. 1921 Lloyd Severson, operator, Stilla-ater Mfg. CO. hLrs. Leona Severson, operator, Connolly Shoe Co Broadway X. 2007 Adolph A. Korn, nailer, Stillwater hEg. CO Broadwav

N

m

Arthur Love, operator, StilIwater Mfg. Co.

Broadway X. 2016 August Koppen Broadway N. 2017 Charles Seekel, warehouseman, Minnesota Mercantile CO. Harry Seekel, shoeworker. Foot Schulze & Co. Broadway N. 2018 Alma Guse (widox Reinhold) Wendolin Schell, laborer Broadway N. 2021 Augusta Neske (widow William) Broadwav N . 2022 Ernest Lembke, foreman, Stillwater Mfg. CO. (neser house a t this number) First N. 1406 Heniy hlemtt. laborer Killiam hlerritt. laborer. T.C. Forge 8: Foundry First N. 1414 Paul Roettger, machinist, T.C. Forge &Foundry (newer house a t this number) F u s t X.1818 Charles Lawrence, laborer First N. 1824 Anna Placzek (widow Constantine) Joseph Placzek, laborer Marie A. Plauek, operator, Smithson Paper BOXCo. Thomas Placzek, shoemaker, Foot Schulze 8: CO. F u s t N. 1908 August F. Ulrich, painter Edrnund ULrich, painter Gust Ulrich, salesman First N. 19L1. Joseph J. Radunz, laborer, T.C. Forge & Foundry Julianna Radunz (widow Martin) First N. 1912 Helen Brown, shoeworker. Foot Schulze & CO. Theodore Draves, laborer, T.C. Forge &Foundry William A. Brown, laborer, T.C. Forge &Foundry William E. Brown, shoeworker. Foot Schulze & Co. -14

Thomas Kundert

First N. 1924 Herbert Berg, laborer Lillian E. Berg, clerk Otto E. Berg, operator, Connolly Shoe Co. Reinhard F. Berg, foundryman. Mn. State Prison

..

Epurth N. 1410 Clara Ponath, dressmaker F.mest Ponath, laborer Fourth N. 1420 Ida Clayton (uid Chas) cook at ZaweU Inn Fourth N. 1802 Gust. Lentz Josephine Lentz, machine operator Mildred Lentz, shoea.orker. Foot Schulze & Co. Mrs. M a r y Lentz, janitor, Schulenburg School Fourth N. 1901 Iinute 0.Cederblom, cabinetmaker, Stillwater Mfg. CO. Fourth N. 1902 George Seeman, laborer John Seeman. laborer W&am Seeman, laborer Fourth N. 1910 Emma Peters. shoeworker. Foot S c h d z e & Co. Hazel E. 110 Lydia Klamann, shoeworker, Foot S c h d z e & Co. Margaret Tuenge, folder, KoUiner-Newman MFg. Co. William F . A. l'uenge, grader, Stillwater hug. Co.

H a z e l E . 122 EmilE. Glaser. guard. >firm State Prison Paul Glaser. Clerk. H.H. Stewart Hazel E. 222 Herman Leitzow &gel

E. 302 1 n . eLondon, yardman, John J. Kilty & Son

Hazel E. 304 Wilhelmina Colemier (wih Frank) Hazel E. 311 John Schell, laborer T.C. Forge &Foundry Hazel E. 312 George Burkhaxt. laborer, T.C. Forge &Foundry

Hazel E. 324 George Dattenverch, grocery and residence Hazel E. 410 Rose Rump (widow Andrew) Hazel W. 101 Emil F.Tuenge. watchman (now 101 E. Hazel) Lake N. 2005 Rose Nitz (widow August) Lake N. 2009 F r a n k Rump.laborer, T.C. Forge & Foundry Lake N. 202k Oscar L. Hicks,mechanic. Gilbert Mfg. Co. (Newerhouse a t t h a t address) Lake N. 2023 Sarah Lembke (widow John) (Same a s 2024)

hppcndix C

blain N.

lm albina Newhouse, shoeworker. Foot Schulze 8; CO. Frank Spevak, laborer, T.C. Forge 8; Foundry Peter Newhouse, hides, 410 S. Main, laborer, T.C. Forge 8: F o u n b ' Vern C. Roettger (Roettger Bros)

Main N. 1710 Bernard A. Klein, laborer Leo W. Klein, laborer, T.C. Forge Ray F. Klein, laborer WiUiam N e i n , teamster

8;

Foundry

Main N. 1716 Ray A. Anderson. Confectionw store Main N. lSlB'.Ferdinand Westphal, shoeworker. Foot Schulze 8: CO. Frances Westphal, shoeworker, Foot Schulze & CO. John Westphal, apprentice Mrs. Louisa M'estphal Reinhold Westphal, laborer. T.C. Forge & Foundry Povlar E. 401 Amelia Stenzel (widow Fred) Schulenburg Alley 2007 John Schroeder Schulenburg Alley 2011 Emil J. Seekel, warehouseman, Minnesota Mercantile CO, Schulenburg Alley 2012 Evangeline N a m a n n , clerk, W.J. Leffek Leora Klamann, shoeworker, Foot Schulze & CO. Otto Klamman, laborer, T.C. Forge & Foundry Schulenburg Alley 2017 Evaline Balfanz, emp. Kolliner-Newman hffg. CO. Gustina Balfanz (widow Herman) Helen Balfanz, emp. Kolliner-Newman Mfg. CO. William Balfanz. Jr. laborer. T.C. Forge &Foundry Schulenburg AUey 2021 Irma Balfanz, operator. Connolly Shoe Co. Robert Anderson, laborer, T.C. Forge & Foundry William Balfanz, laborer, T.C. Forge & Foundry Schulenburg Alley 2023 Charles Gietman, laborer. T.C. Forge & Fou.UdrY Schulenburg Alley 2103 Bertha L. Radloff, seamstress Alma Anderegg, maid Caroline Radloff (widow WiUiam) Schulenbur~Alley 2 1 0 1 Emil Thiel, laborer, M & St.P S RR h h u r R. Balfanz, shoeworker. Foot Schulze CO. Herman Thiel, laborer, Anderson Lumber CO. Louisa Thiel (widow Julius)

Second N. 1617 A h e d KaUandec. laborer Emma Kollander, d e r k , hIurphy & Co. Frayette Welch, d e r k , Post Office Gerhardt Xollander, laborer, T.C. Forge & Foundry Michael KoUander, laborer Otrilie Xollander, seamstress Second N. 1902 Ray k Anderson, confectioner (same as 1901) Second N. 1905..Arthur Schell, T.C. Forge & Foundry Second N. 1911 Wilhelmina Seekel (wid Gottfried) @ewer house a t this address) Second N . 1913 Edward Ponath. doormaker. Stillwater Mfg. CO Second N. 2012 Fred Klamann Robert Klamaun Second ti.-

Mary Regan

Second N. 2018 Edward H. Hoppe, operator, Stillwater hug. CO. Florintina Wirth (widow John) Second n.w. corner Willow. Schulenbure S ~ h d Third X. 2009 Edward F. Panath, laborer, Anderson Lumber Co. Michael Panath, operator, Stillwater Mfg. Co. Third N. 2012 Ernest Kress, laborer, T.C. Forge &Foundry Gottlieb Kress, laborer, T.C. Forge & Foundry Hany Kress, laborer Oscar Kress, laborer, T.C. Forge & Foundry T2-013

Ewald Neske. laborer, T.C. Forge &Foundry Glenmore Neske, shoeworker. Foot Schulze & Co.

Willow E. 125 John Plumbaum Walter W i s , foreman, hlinn. State Prison Willow E. 207 Christian Schwanke Willow E. 224 George 0.Burgess. laborer, T.C. Forge & Foundry Johanna Guse (widow Ludwig) Ora Burgress, laborer, T.C. Forge &Foundry William Guse, laborer

I

Appendix C

Willow E. 301 John Rump. laborer, T.C. Forge &Foundry Willow E. 30i John Korn, laborer, Gilbert Mfg. Co. LVilliam Korn, laborer Willow E. 309 Herman Thiel Mrs. Laura Thiel, works Kolliner-Newman Mfg. Co. . E Willow

Ellen Kelly

There were two contexts appropriate to this survey. The first context was the statewide historic context: St. Croix Valley Triangle Lumbering (1843-1914).

I have demonstrated throughout this survey that Dutchtown was created and nourished by the Schulenburg & Boeckeler Lumber Cornpan., and its successors, horn 1853 to 1907. I n a sense, this com~nunityis almost a definition of this context because Dutchtown i s the direct result of the lumbering industry in the St. Croix Valley which had its headquarters in Stillwater. I have illustrated that most of the residents of Dutchtown \vorked for the lumber company; that, for many years, the lumber company maintained the only general store in the community; that almost half of the residences were owned by the lumber company; and that for the first half of its history, the fortunes of the community were dependent on the fortunes of the Schulenburg & Boeckeler Lumber Company. The second contest, which comes from the Stillwater historic context l in study (Vogel 1993) was: Development of ~ e s i d e n t i a Neighborhoods Stillwater, 1850's-1940's. For this context, I have demonstrated throughout the survey how the neighborhood developed, not only a s a company mill town, but a s a somewhat isolated ethnic German community. These kinds of enclaves were common in the nineteenth century and many lasted well into the twentieth century. In St. P a d , for example, "Little Italy" on the floodplain below the Smith Avenue High Bridge lasted until the devastating flood of 1953. "Swede Hollow", with its succession of immigrant communities, also existed into the 1950's. I n Minneapolis, the well-documented "Bohemian Flats" across from the East Bank of the University of Minnesota campus, was home to many Eastern Europeans. In Stillwater, there are anecdotes of a small Italian community living in Sabin's Addition. Since 1940, a s I have tried to indicate, Dutchtown has been developing as a river-view, river-front community. Unlike the old Dutchtown which related to the river a s an industrial corridor, the new Dutchtown is relating to the river a s a recreational corridor.

Bids Eve Views of Stillwater, 1870 a n d 1859. Drawn by Albert Ruger. Originals in the Washington County IIistoricd Society, Warden's House Museum. Reprints available from Empson .4rchives, P.O. Box 791, Stillwater, M N 55082. Book A. Register of Deeds, S t . Croix County, R risconsin Territory. Washineon County Recorder's Office. wnpublished] Book of St. k u i s a n s , edited by John W. Leonard, St. Louis, The St. Louis Republic, 1906.

Daily Mirlr~esotiarl[newspaper, S t . P a d , b!hnesota Territory] Encvclo~ediaof t h e Historv of St. Louis, edited by Wilham Hyde and Hoivard L Conard. Vol 1. New York, The Southern History Company, 1899. Historv of St. h u i s Citv and County, incluhnn Biographcal Sketches of Representative M a , by J. Thomas Scharf. Philadelphia, Louis H. Everts 1883.

Co.

Historv of the Dravernoome House: 1219 N,William Street. Stillwater, unpublished manuscript, by Donald Empson, 1996. Historv of the Greeley R k d e n t i a l Area, Stillwater, Minnesota by Donald Empson, Empson Archives, 1997. j Historv of the &. Croix VaUev, edited by Augustus B. Easton. Chicago, H.C. Cooper J r . & Co., 1909. Historv of the White Pine Industrv in Minnesota by Agnes M. Larson, University of Minnesota Press, 1949. History of Washinvton County and The St. Croix Valley, North S t a r Publishing Company, Minneapolis, 1881.

An old lumberiack reminisces. By Imuis Iserman. Privately published, 1969. Mir~l~esota Pio~reer[newspaper, St. Paul, LGnnesota Territory]

Old a n d New St. Louis, by J a m e s Cox. Central Biog rap hical Publishing Company, St. Louis, 1894.

Mercantile Industrial and Professional Saint Louis. by F. D. Iiargau. K i s ~ n - J o n e s Ptg. Co. [1902]. Plat of Part of Carli & Schulenbure's Addition to Stillwater. 3linn. Surveyed and Platted by Lewis W. Clarke, Civil Engineer. Stillwater, ;LIinn, Dec. 1892. Scale 60 F t . to One Inch. Approximate size: 3 feet by 4 feet. I n the St. Croix Collection, Stillwater Public Librar y . P l a n of Stillwater, prepared under the direction of The Park Board, 1918. Morel1 & Kichols, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Sanborn Insurance Maps. 1884, 1891, 1898, 1904, 1910, 1924.

St. A l l t h o ~ ~Express y [newspaper, St. Anthony, Minnesota Territory] S t . Croix County, Wisconsin Territory. Commissioner's Minutes. Historic Courthouse. [Unpublished.]

St. o

ii

o [newspaper, Stillwater, hlinnesota]

St. Louis Busir~essorld Ir~dl~stry, 1877, reprinted i n The Missouri Historical Society Bulletin, January, 1960. S t . Louis County (Mo.) Probate Court Files. S t . Louis Directorv. for the Years 1840-1. By Charles Iieemle. C. Keemle, Book a n d Job Printers. S t . Louis. 1840. St. Louis: Her Trade, Commerce and Industries. 1882-3. By Jno. E.Land. St. I Louis: Published by t h e Author, 1882. S t . Louis: An Informal History of the Citv a n d I t s People. 1764-1865. By Charles van Ravenswaay. Missouri Historical Society Press, 1991.

St. Paul Pioneer Press [newspaper, St. Paul, Minnesota Sectional Map of t h e Citv of Stillwater, [1878]. There is a copy of this map hanging i n t h e Washington County Recorder's Office. Stillwater Citv Directories. 1876-1964 StiUwater Countrv Club. 1924-1974: 50th Anniversary. Prepared by Betty Roney. N.P.. N.D.

Stillwater Daily Gazette [newspaper, Stillwater, Minnesota]

&llrvxer Historic-contexts. A Coa&ensi\c Pl;jnninx&proach_ Stigvater: Stdlrvater Heritage Preservation Coulmission. J u l y 1993.

Still~uoterGazette [newspaper. Stinwater, Minnesota] Stillwater Lur1iberrr1ar~[newspaper, Stillwater, 3IinnesotaI Stillwater Messenger [newspaper, Stillwater, Minnesota] Stillwater. Mv Hometown and Yours. Unit 48, American Legion Auxiliary, 1989. Chapter 21, Carli o r ~ dScl~uler~br~rg's Additi01~-77~irdWord D u t c h t o ~ ~by r ~Lillian , and Louise Berg. Stillwater Public Library. StrLlwater Building Permits [on microfilm] Stillwater PubLic 1,ibrary. S t . Croix Collection. United States. _Census of M i n ~ e s o t aTerritory. Washington County. Stillwater Washington County Probate Court Files. Washington County Recorder's Office: Books of Deeds, Books of Mortgages, Books of Bonds, Books of Plats. Washington County Tax Assessor's records for 1861-1900. Minnesota S t a t e Archives. M i c r o a m copies can be found a t t h e hlinnesota Historical Society, and the Stillwater PubLic 1.ibrary.

Given the continuing rate of change since 1900, it is inevitable that within the next 20 years many of the remaining old homes in the ori,&al part of Dutchtown will be gone. Unless some measures are taken in the area north of E. Poplar Street, and east of N. Fourth Street, the remainder of this historic community will have vanished by the time the next generation reaches adulthood. 1.) My strongest recornmer~dation is t h a t t h e Dutchtown community itself, particularly those living in t h e old part, band together t o f o r m a community organization. I believe that Dutchtown has unique characteristics and singular opportunities that require an independent voice. By using this organization as a vehicle to exert political pressure, the residents could have a strong voice, for the first time, in the ultimate fate of their community. 2.) 1 would recommend t h e Dutchtown community develop a n d

lobby for design guidelines within its area. These guidelines would address, among other issues, lot sizes, zoning, building parameters and the size of new buildings. Already there are a couple of homes greatly out of scale, both with the original houses and the geography. Dutchtown is unique in Stdlwater for its small houses, wooded lots, hilly terrain, and narrow streets. Those characteristics should be preserved. 3.) I would recommend t h e Dutchtown community consider t h e possibility of preserving some o f t h e oldest original homes. If it is:not possible to save them on their original site-certainly the best option-then at least a selected sampling might be moved into Schulenburg Park. In fact, a t some point, perhaps several of the smaller houses could be moved into the Park and a residential area created a f t e ~the example of, say, Irvine Park in St. Paul.

4.) Although as a p a r t of t h i s Survey, I have t a k e n photographs of a l l t h e h o u s e s i n Dutchtown, t h e community might consider m a k i n g videotapes of t h e old p a r t of t h e community, a n d collecting o r a l histories of t h e people a n d places of old Dutchtown. Unfortunately it was not really within the scope of this survey to print many of the stories, anecdotal and otherwise, which I heard in the process of my work.

6.) I would recommend t h e Dutchtown community consider t h e i n f r a s t r u c t u r e of t h e area. For example, if the roadway on the Willow C-

Street and Hazel Street hills would be improved and widened, it \\.111 not only change the scale of the road, but it generate more traffic withln t h e area, a s well a s additional t r a c on K. Second Street south to downtown. hIanq- of the homes do not have city sewer and water; assessments to provide those services could be a future expense of great consequence to the older residents on b e d or small incomes. The limestone curbs on N. Second Street, for example, should be preserved to retain the flavor of the original streetscape. 6.) T h e c o m m u n i t y s h o u l d m a r k e t itself a n d i t s h i s t o r y t o p o t e n t i a l r e s i d e n t s w h o w i s h t o live w i t h i n a c o m m u n i t y of t h i s

flavor. h'Iany people would find a diverse, historic communit- with its many small homes a very desirable place to live. There should be a n effort to attract 'compatible residents, and hkewise, a n effort made to discourage the developers and others who wish to tear down the existing buildings a n d supplant them with nondescript dwelhngs of a suburban nature.

As part of t h s marketing effort, the community should seek to encourage a n d reward those residents who are actively working to preserve the original appearance and integrity of the older Dutchtown houses. Grants, either from the city, state, or federal government should be actively pursued to assist i n the restoration and preservation of these older homes. 7.) A S a p a r t of t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s for t h i s S u r v e y , I h a v e identified t h r e e h o m e s t h a t q u a l i f y to b e p l a c e d o n t h e N a t i o n a l R e g i s t e r o f H i s t o r i c Places.

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2 0 0 i Schulenburg Alley is the finest remaining example of the original

mill hand's house that was once so common in Dutchtown; a type of structure seldom found elsewhere i n Stillwater. As such, it is sigrdicant 'I architecture i n Dutchtown. 1924 N. First Street i s the best remaining example of a n early Dutchtown homestead. With its several outbuildings a n d original house, it is typical of what comprised a total homestead. Today the out buildings t h a t were s o much a p a r t of every lot have almost totally disappeared; this property best conveys the lgth Century era. 5 Rivercrest Lane is a brick home built in 1941 by Mrs. George Atwood. The architecture is typical of the pre-World War I1 period-a type of architecture that is r a r e in Stillwater. George Atwood was a t one time the owner of t h e Schulenburg & Boeckeler Mill which created Dutchtown, a n d the bricks used in the construction of this home came &om the Twin City Forge a n d Foundr y , which was a Dutchtown business. This was also one of t h e first homes built after t h e turn of the century in t h e Dutchtown area south of E. Poplar Street.

Amcndmcnt to : Ilisloric Downtown Stillwate~Design Manual

G& F[*. --Gnfl To: HPC members

GTU*

First Dr& 8/98

From: Roger Tomten

Re: Amendments to the Historic Downtown Stillwater Design Manual Anached you will fmd 3 first draA of arnendmen~to the Design k u a I for discussion atour September 9th rnecting. I feel that the an~endmentsrue necessary to update what is now, in some areas, an extremely vague pdeline. I think you will find that the majority of infomation is merely elaborating on how we currently implement the guidelines. Why the amendments hen? I think it is only fau to the applicants to give them ar; much information as possible about the "direction" we mould Iike to see their projects go.

I h v e aIso included small "background" sections that start to explain the reasoning for the guidelines. Hopefully this is an educational piece for the appIicant so they can start to cnderstrmd the basis for the guidelines. Thc two areas of focus for this mectmg are awnings arid signs. Since these are two of the issues we deal will1 n m t often, I felt they were most critical. They also seemed to have the largest gap beween information in the current guideline, and how we implement the guideline. the f i a l draft I am anticipating enforcing the guidelines with grapliic examples (hopefully existing examples f?om Stillwater). hl

u

.

nlanks, See you

evening!

hmcndment to : fistoric Downtown Stillwater Design Manual

First Dnft 8/98 1

Signs and Graphics Background During tile peak of commercial activity in Stillwatcr, the signs in the historic commercial district had a disrinc~: character that was a part of the overall sweetscape. The effons of the Design Manual aie not meant to turn back Qleclock, but rather to preserve and enhance that distinct and historic character of Stillwater. 1.

LOC-4TIONAND SIZE

Many smctures h d multiple signs that not orJy identified tile business, but also identified the name of h e building, the date of construction, etc. The signs were simple, bold and weU crafted. Lettering w x in bold, nenomcnse styles, maximizing the contrast behveen the background and the lettering. Different s i p included storcfiont signs, window signs, projecting signs, architectural signs, and painted wall

signs.

3.

STOREFRONT SIGNS

Background Storefront signs are those which arc located on the horizontal band dividing the storekont windows from the upper f d e of the building. Gnidclines The storefront sign should be used to display the primary name of rhe buincss only. Usc onIy one line of lettering if possible, leaving out secondary information. Use simple bold lettering with sufficient conbast bemeen the IeUering and 'Lhe backpound. The area of the sign is regulated by the sign ordinance (1sq. ft per in. ft. of s k x t lionfagc).

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Amendment to : Historic Downmwn Stillwater Design Manual

First Drift 8/98 L

WINDOWSIGNS Background Wirldow signs are applied inside the glass of storefront windows, upper floor windows and doonvays. Their main focus was on the approaching pedestrian SO the signs gave more detailed information about the business. b.

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Guidelines It may often be desirablc to kcep the display space clear. In these cases, insert the sign at the base or the head of the window, or both.. Keep the lenering small remembering that the reader will be in close proximity to the sign Use several lines where necessary and consider curving the top line. Lettering formed with neon may be used, provided the size, light intensity, color and style are handled appropriately. Total sign area in the window should not exceed one-third the window area. Display street numbers above the doors whenever possible.

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PROJECTING SIGNS 13nckground Projecting signs are at right angles to the building face, either fled to the wall or hanging born a bracket. ?heir major advantage overwall or window signs is their ability to be seen by pedesbians from a distance down the street. If they gel too large, however, they can obscure each other, so it is important to keep them small and simple. Guidelines Limit size to six square feet, and keep bottom of sign a min. of eight feet above the sidewalk. Use materials consistent with the period, such as wood sign boards and metal brackets. c.

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Amendment to : Historic Downtown S t i l l ~Design r Man&

First Drift 8/98 3

d. ARCHITECTURAL SIGNS Background Architectural signs are integrated into the building fabric and arc constructed oTpermanenr materials such 3s stone. Names and the dates ofconswction were common signs included on thc facade and add a sense of history and place to the character and fabric of Stillwater. Guidelines Make every effort to preserve existing architectural signs. Promote the use of the original building names in new signqe.

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e.

PAINTED WALL SIGNS AND MURALS

Bnckground Painted wall signs occasionally appeared on the sidcs of buildings wlicrc a low adjacent roof l k c exposed an a p m s e of plain brick wall, or at a comer location. .4s these signs were high ou tlie b ~ u l d i n gthe message was simple and the lettering was large and bold. In Ihe time period of the (20's - 50's verify), there were occasions of painted advertising in these areas. More recently, there have bmn murals created on walls of "non-contributing" building, or on the back walls of "contributing" buildings. These have been addressed on a case by case basis. Guidelines Where existing wall signs can still be found, make efforts to restore them to their original colors. No new wall signs or murals should be introduced on historic "contriburing" buildings. Mutals on "non-contributing" buildings have becn allowed providcd they havc a historic theme, and they do not advertise for any existing bushless or company.

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Amendment to : Historic Downtown Stillwatcr Design M m ~ i l

Pirsl DnR 8/98 4

2. COORDINATION OF SIGNS Bsckground At the timc of tllc cornrnercid boom in Stillwnter (1870's - 1900's) most buildings were owned and occupied by single busincssos. Merchants thought of their entire f m d e as potcntid sign spacc. For ttus reason, h e signs were all well cmrhnclted. Ownership and business use patterm have changed over h e years, and many buildings now contain separate premises. It is important that tenants and owners cooperate to design n sign package which will help to reunify the building facades. Gujdelines Don 'I puf up signs piecemeal. View !he lmildirig asa whole and plan a rmlfieu' design strofeey to lake advanluge of allpossible sign bcations. Cooperafe wilh tenants and owners to use a common leftering slyle and color scheme on one building. Desipl loyoufsto emphmize fhe whole width and l11csymmetry ofstorefionfsand individual buildings.

. .

3. MATERlALS Background Apart from archtectural signs, the orignal exterior signs of Stillwata were constructed of wood and painted. Raised lcltcring uJ;tscommon(check for accuracy hcrc) and window signs were either painled, etched or gilded. Today a v e a l range of malerials is ~rvailable,biclud~ngmetals mnu'pIns!ics, and their m e has ledlo a confii.io~1ofsigmge which defraclsfiom ihe unlque cimrncfcr of Stillwafer. Modern sign mnferiak are occepfableprovided their design is hand/ed with an underrfand~ngof fhc Victorian spirif. An exception is nlade jn the care o f back (ifs i p ; their nafure is inherenllyforeign to the solid character of brick and wood Vicfo~ion wcilitecturer and they ure bound 10 slrikc afulse ond distracfing nore in fhe sfreetscapc. Guidelines use painled wood whcrc pracrlcuble. Ir is [he uu!henijc malerial and wiN look appropriate againsi ihe wenthered brick of S~ilhvafer 'scommercialfumdes. Modern 1nateriaIs that simulate wood may be amptablc. -. Neon may be used as a window sign o n k Racklit s i g s are not appropriate.

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Amendment to : Historic Downtown Stillwatcr Dcsign Manual

First Draft 8498 5

4. SHAPE OF SIGNS B3ckground The signs of Slillwater were forthright and ufilifarian. Simple, P m e d reciangular boar& were constrrrcfco!to $11 ihe available spaces. A common w e was fhe long narrow sign which sfretclred across the top of the slarefronl windows. Guidelines Design the sign shape t o j t andfll the mailable space. Consider using long narrow signs spanning the fill widfh of the facade. g a projectingsign is rrsed k e p it simple in shape, small in size and zdiiitarim in design. Window s i p should be symmealcal in layouf andposifion. Top lines may be curved

COLOR Background

5.

The commercial structures of this time period did not use a wide m g e of paint colors. R e palette war p ~ ; c u / a r l ynarrow; darkgreen, dark brown and black were common. Signs loere painted for confrast ratfic!r than for color black letters on a while background, gold letters on a black background. A complete range of m t colors are avuilahle today. rangingfrom the jarring lo L!E pastel. ljfhey are used indiscriminately. tile unique historic charmfir ojStiIlwater will be destroyed Guidelies Choose subdued colors and dark fones in keeping with the Vicforiantradition. Dark brown andgreen, black white and gold are all appropriate. Choose tones with sufficient confrasfto be clear.$ legible; dark on light or light on bk.

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Amendment to : Historic Downtown StillwaterDesign Mmual

First DnR U98

Awnings Bncl~ground Historically, awnings were a fiquent feature ofthe commercial buildings downtown Pbotopphic rccords slroa' how the use of awnings softcned an otherwise hard and rigid streetscape. Their main fkction was to shade the building and the merchandise, however, they were retractable to allow more daylight in when needed. Secondarily, the awnings provided protection for pedestrians and only on occasion did tbe atvning get uscd for signage. Jittering on the awnings was scen only on the front flaps so it was visible when h e awning was either in the lowered or raised position

. . .

Guidelines Retractable or operable awnings are encouraged. Fixed awllingsshould mimic the profile of operable units (one to one pitch). The emphasis of the a d g should remain one of shelter and protection, rather than signnge. In keeping with this, thc awning should be loose and flowing not stretched tight, subtle and subdued in color, not brighl, extending well out over the sidewalk, not mere window dressing. The dimension of awnings should fit the geometry's of the building facade, they should not extend across lnultiple storc£ionts,'but should reflect the window or door openings below. The use of water-repellent or vinyl-coated canvas is in keeping with awnings of the h e . Plastic or alumulurn awnings or canopies are not appropriate. Fixed, round-headed awnings are acceptable o d y over arched windows or doors. Signing is permitled on the end panel and front fringe only. See "Signs" for area requirements. Use lettering size proportional to the space available. Back lighting ofthc awnings is inappropriate. Use plain or striped fabrics. h g e areas ofbrigllt colors are ina,?propriate.

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Amcdment to : Historic Downtown Stillwvater Design Mmu1

6

First Draft 8/98 6

LETTErnC;

n a ckground Most ofthe original signs in Sfillwaferwcrc strictly praclical - [he leflering had to be large enough (o have i~npacfat [he required viewing distance, and clear nou ugh lo be read;b legible. ~ e n e r a b s$e was a plain bo1d or c h i c uppercase arranged symmetrically, and one sryle \vas o f i n repemed oh aarious stgm applied (0 one building. Guidelines Choose a bold andsimple &pe sple and use it on aN appropriate s i p .

.

LIGHTING Background ~ ~ the 1 7 nineteenlh century, Slillwafer would have been dimly lit. Today ive ejpecf o w cilies fo bc brighf and liveb a f nighf. We mmusf achieve an acceptabie standard oflighting without compromising (he essentiai chnracter if the hLmric setting. Guidelines Use imandescenf indirecf Iighfing. Place spotlights discreefly, and in such a way as to shield the source from pedeshans and vehicular traffic. Use neon lights in window signs only and design them wifh respccrfor [he hlstoric ambiance offhe area. Do nor m e f i s h i n g or inrermirtenr lights. Do not use backlit signs, either projecting or wall mounted. 7.

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.

ORDINANCE NO.

&

AN ORDIN ANCE REGULATING B UILDI NG DEMOLITION

THE CITY COUNCIL O F ? H E CrrY O F STLLLWATER DOES ORDAIN: the historic and Subd. 1. Purpose. This Ordinance is adopted for the purpose o f aesthetic qualities of the City by preserving, rehabilitating or restoring, when reasonable, buildings or structures which consritule or reflect djstinctive features of h e archirecrural or historical resources o f the City, thereby promoting the public weIrare and prcservin~the culwrd heritage of the City. Subd. 2 . Definitions. Si?nificant Buildin? or Structure, means: "any building or structure or ponion of a buildin: or structure on the National Historic Register, a designated locd landmark o r a contriburing structure or building in a designatsd national register historic d~stricr."

a.

Hisroricallv

b.

B u i l d i n ~ or s S t r u c t u r a o f Porential Historic Sienificance, means: "a building or structure or portion of a b u i l d i n or structure fifty (50) years of a,oe or older."

c.

-Nan-Historic Stn~crureor Buildin% means: "a structure or building lrss than fifty (50) yaars old or a noncontributinp structure in a nationaIly or locally designaced historic district."

d.

Commission. Heritage Preservation Commission

Subd. 3 . Permits Required. building or structure may be demolished without obtainin: a demolition prrrnit. An application for a demolition permit mlrst be filed with the city Building Ofticial. Subd. 4. Procedure. T h e Buildins Offjcial must forward a copy of each demolition permit application to the Community ~ e v e l o p m e n~t i r e c t o for r determination of historic sionificanceor potential significance. - h e Community Development Director must make the following determination: ,

I

a.

building or srrucrure is historically significant or porential(y historically significant; or

b.

the building or structure is not historically or potentially hisroric

If building or structures are determined by the Community Develop~nentDirector to be historic or potentially historic, the application must be sent to h e commission for review according to Subd. 5. Buildinzsor structures determined non-his~oricrrrust be referred to the Building OFficial for isslrance of a demolilion permit.

Subd. 5. Demolition Plan Review. a.

Not less than thirty (30) days after the Community Development Director determines that

a building o r structure is historically significant, the applicant for the permit must submit to the Commission fifteen (15) copies of a demolition plan which must include the ioiiowing information: A map showing the location of the building o r Structure to be demolished on its

propeny and with reference to neighboring properties; A legal description of property and owner of record; Photographs of all building elevations; A description of the building or structure o r portion of building or structure to b e demolished; T h e reason for the proposed demolition and data supponing thz reason, including where applicable, data sufticient to establish any economic justification for demolition; Proposed plans and schedule for reuse of the propeny on which the building o r structure to be demolished is located; Relation of demolirion and future site use to the comprehensive plan and zoning requirements; A description of alternatives to the demolition; and Evidence that the building or structure has been advenised for sale for restoration o r reuse and that sale for restoration or reuse is not economically feasible. b.

T h e commission must hold a public hearing according to Chapter 31 Subdivision 2 9 b ) on the pending application.

A k e r the public hearing and a review of the application information and if the Commission determines that the owner has made a reasonable effort to sell o r preserve the structure and after finding that there is no available feasible alternative to demolition, the commission must notify the Building Official in writing that a demolition permit may b e i s s u d . If a finding is made that the building o r structure is historically significant and there is a feasible alternative to demolition, the permit must be denied. Subd. 6. Emergency Demolition. If a historically significant o r other significant building o r structure poses an immediate threat to health or safety due to its deteriorated condition, the owner of the building o r structure may request issuance of an emergency demolition permit. If both the Community Development Director and Building Official find that the condition of the buildins o r structure poses a serious and imminent threat to public health and safety and that there is no reasonable alternative to the immediate demolition, the Co-unity Development Director and Building Ofticial may issue an emergency demolition permit. Subd. 7. Injunction. In addition to any other relief provided by this Ordinance, the City Anorney may apply to a Court of competent jurisdiction for an injunction to ~ r o h i b i the t continuation of any violation of this Ordinance. 7 h i s application for relief may include seeking a temporary restraining Order, temporary injunction and permanent injunction.

Subd. 8. Penalty. Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of this Ordinance shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and a separate offense shall be deemed commined on each day during on which a violation occurs or continues. Adopted by the City Council of the City of Stillwater this

Attest:

Publish: S t i l l r i a t e r Gazette December 26, 1995

5th

day o f

December

,1995.

in: CDr