EFA Development Index: The EFA Development Index (EDI) is a composite index developed by the EFA. Global Monitoring Repo
EFA Country Profiles - Explanatory Note
These country profiles have been designed primarily as advocacy tools to support policy dialogue. As such, they aim to highlight relevant trends in key education issues and pinpoint challenges in achieving Education for All. The country profiles were designed to be used on a country by country basis, while providing some regional perspective on national performance.
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The profiles are not statistical fact sheets and do not offer a technical discussion of indicators. Therefore, a certain degree of statistical correctness has been deliberately omitted. So for instance, comments may liberally mention ͞ƉƌŝŵĂƌLJĐŽŵƉůĞƚŝŽŶ.͟Those readers for whom such precision is relevant will understand that this refers to the ͞dŽƚĂů'ƌŽƐƐ/ŶƚĂŬĞZĂƚŝŽƚŽƚŚĞ>ĂƐƚ'ƌĂĚĞŽĨWƌŝŵĂƌLJ͕͟ or ͞the ratio between the number of non-‐repeaters in the last grade of primary and the number of children of official school-‐age for that grĂĚĞ͕ĞdžƉƌĞƐƐĞĚĂƐĂƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂŐĞ͘͟
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No effort has been spared to ensure that the most appropriate data is used. However, as is the case for many developing countries, the data currently available, which come from a variety of sources, may contain discrepancies. If in any doubt readers are encouraged to consult the original data sources, deemed to be authoritative. This note is provided to help readers with the aforementioned two points.
DATA SELECTION, SOURCES AND YEARS x x
UIS: EFA Development Index, Youth Literacy Rate and Survival Rate to Last Grade of Primary. WƀůĞĚĞĂŬĂƌ͗dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͛^ĂůĂƌLJ͕^ŚĂƌĞŽĨZĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽŶƐƵŵĞĚďLJƚŚĞϭϬйDŽƐƚ ĚƵĐĂƚĞĚ͕WƵďůŝĐ Resources as a Share of GDP and Household Contributions to Education. UNAIDS: HIV/AIDS Prevalence. UNDP: Human Development Index (HDR, 2011). GPE: FTI Beneficiary Funds (GPE Africa Financial Update, March 2012). World Bank: GDP, Africa Student Learning Index.
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x x x x
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The following data sources were used exclusively for the listed indicators:
The other indicators presented in the country profiles have been computed thanks to the education data of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) and the population data of the United Nations Population Division, except for countries where validated national data were available through country status reports and country missions (administrative, household surveys and population data, made available by the Pôle de Dakar, UNESCO/BREDA). The 2012 EFA Country Profiles present the most recent available data, mainly for years between 2007 and 2011. Sections may be left blank when no data from this period is available for some countries; earlier data has been presented in other country profiles. National data was used only when available for 2010 or a more recent year, or when older than 2010, if more recent than UIS data.
Explanatory Note
EFA Country Profiles
2012
Baseline data for the six key EFA monitoring goal indicators is from 2002 or the nearest available year, and only mentioned if available for a year within the 2000-‐04 period. The source used is always the same as the country data presented. A full list of data sources and years is provided at the end of this note, by indicator and country. DEFINITION OF INDICATORS (IN ORDER OF APPEARANCE, BY SECTION)
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EFA Development Index: The EFA Development Index (EDI) is a composite index developed by the EFA Global Monitoring Report team ƚŚĂƚ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ĂŶ ŽǀĞƌĂůů ĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚ ŽĨ Ă ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͛Ɛ ĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶ ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ŝŶ relation to the EFA goals. The composite index currently focuses on four goals (2, 4, 5 and 6), through: the primary adjusted net enrolment ratio; the literacy rate for those aged 15 and above; the gender-‐specific EFA index (GEI), an average of the gender parity indexes of the primary and secondary gross enrolment ratios and the adult literacy rate; and the survival rate to grade 5. Country indexes are classified into three groups: Low (below 0.8), medium (between 0.8 and 0.95) and high (above 0.95).
Key EFA Indicators
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In the country briefs, the 28 SSA countries for which this indicator has been computed have been ranked from highest (1st ʹ Mauritius) to lowest (28th ʹ Niger), and color-‐coded: green for countries with a high index, amber for countries with a medium one, and red for countries with a low one. Countries for which the index has not been computed are not included in the ranking, but have been assigned a color-‐code that reflects their likelihood of achieving the EFA goals by 2015.
Primary School-‐Aged Population (%): The ratio between the primary school-‐aged population and the total population. For each country, the primary school-‐aged population is determined according to the duration of the primary cycle.
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Preprimary enrollment (GER): Gross enrollment ratio for the preprimary level (%), is the number of pupils enrolled in preprimary institutions, as a percentage of the population of official school-‐age for this level.
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Primary completion: The proxy indicator used is the Total Gross Intake Ratio to the Last Grade of Primary (%), which is the ratio between the number of non-‐repeaters in the last grade of primary and the number of children of official school-‐age for that grade, expressed as a percentage. Youth Literacy (15-‐24 Years): This rate is the number of persons aged 15 to 24 years who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life, divided by the population in that age group, expressed as a percentage. Generally, literacy also encompasses numeracy, the ability to perform simple arithmetic. Adult Literacy (15+ Years): This rate is the percentage of the population aged 15 years and over who can both read and write with understanding a short simple statement on their everyday life, expressed as a percentage. Generally, literacy also encompasses numeracy, the ability to perform simple arithmetic. Gender Equality (GER): This is effectively the gender parity index for primary enrolment, computed as the ratio between the primary gross enrollment rate for girls and the primary gross enrollment rate for boys.
2012
EFA Country Profiles
Explanatory Note
Enrollment: Education Pyramids The different statistics presented in these pyramids and detailed explanations on how to read and interpret them are available in an explanatory note on the WƀůĞĚĞĂŬĂƌ͛s web-‐site (French). Primary Education Policy Indicators ǀĞƌĂŐĞ dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͛ ^ĂůĂƌLJ ;hŶŝƚƐ ŽĨ 'W ƉĞƌ ĂƉŝƚĂͿ: Average gross remuneration (including bonuses and ƐŽĐŝĂůďĞŶĞĨŝƚƐͿŽĨƉƌŝŵĂƌLJ͞ĐŚĂůŬŝŶŚĂŶĚ͟ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ͕ƉĂŝĚŽŶƚŚĞƉƵďůŝĐĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶďƵĚŐĞƚ͕ŝŶƵŶŝƚƐŽĨ'W per capita. Percentage of Repeaters (%): Total number of primary pupils who are enrolled in the same grade as the previous year, expressed as a percentage of total enrolment in the given grade of education.
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Quality and Learning Outcomes
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Share of Pupils in Private Schools (% of Total): Number of primary pupils enrolled in private schools (UIS) or not enrolled in public schools (Pôle de Dakar), divided by the total number of pupils enrolled at the primary level (including public and private subsectors), expressed as a percentage.
Primary Pupil-‐Teacher Ratio: Ratio of the number of primary pupils to the number of primary teachers, including all schools where teachers͛ salaries are paid for by the government (Pôle de Dakar). The average number of pupils per teacher at the primary level, based on headcounts of both pupils and teachers (UIS). Africa Student Learning Index: This index is a composite of the literacy and numeracy scores obtained in three learning assessment programs (MLA, PASEC, and SACMEQ), converted to a common scale. Equity
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Gender Parity Index (Girls/Boys): This is the gender parity index for primary enrolment, as above. Share of Resources Consumed by the 10% Most Educated: The percentage of public recurrent education resources effectively absorbed by the 10% of the population who attain the highest level and/or grade of education.
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Education Financing
Public Resources (% of GDP): Public resources of national source (excluding grants), as a percentage of total gross domestic product. Education (% of Recurrent Expenditure): Public recurrent expenditure on education as a percentage of total recurrent public expenditure (not including debt service for the Pôle de Dakar indicators). Aid as a Share of the Total Education Budget: The contribution of aid to the education budget is the ratio between the total amount of aid for education (OECD-‐DAC 2010 data, from the GMR, 2011) and total education expenditure, where total education expenditure is obtained on the basis of Total GDP and Education Expenditure as a Share of GDP (Pôle de Dakar).1 1 This indicator provides ĂŶĂƉƉƌŽdžŝŵĂƚĞŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŝŽŶŽĨĂŶĞĚƵĐĂƚŝŽŶƐĞĐƚŽƌ͛ƐƌĞůŝĂŶĐĞŽŶĞdžƚĞƌŶĂůK͕ƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŚĞ exact amount that country has received during a particular year. Indeed, there are often gaps between the amounts of ODA declared by donor countries and what is actually disbursed to recipient countries. Furthermore, an increasing number of SSA countries now receive ODA as direct budget support, to different extents, and it is not always possible to determine if such amounts are included in the stated education budget used to compute this indicator.
Explanatory Note
EFA Country Profiles
2012
Unit Costs (% of GDP per capita): Total recurrent public spending for a given education level, divided by the number of pupils enrolled at that level, expressed as a percentage of GDP per capita. NB: Secondary includes the first and second cycles of TVET, and Higher excludes study abroad (Pôle de Dakar). OR: Total public expenditure per pupil or student in the specified level, expressed as a percentage of GDP per capita. NB: Higher refers to tertiary (UIS).
UIS-‐POLE DE DAKAR COMBINED DATA AVERAGES
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Distribution of Education Budget (%): Percentage share of total public recurrent education expenditure allocated to each level. NB: Primary excludes basic teacher training, Secondary includes TVET, Higher includes study abroad, training of secondary level teachers and scientific research and Other covers everything not contemplated above, including preprimary, basic teacher training, literacy programmes, etc. (Pôle de Dakar); Higher refers to tertiary (UIS).
Averages are calculated on the basis of both UIS and Pôle de Dakar data, as simple arithmetic averages (each country has the same weight in the calculation).
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Averages are based on data for the same year as the country data presented. Where data for the given year is available for less than 50% of SSA countries, to enhance representativity, averages are computed over a range of years, usually 2007-‐2009 for 2007, 2008 and 2009, and 2010-‐11 for 2010 and 2011. For two exceptions, the average is computed on the basis of all available data, covering the 2004-‐10 period, due to its scarcity: the Share of Resources Consumed by the 10% Most Educated (15 data items), and Household Contributions to Education (17 data items).
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ACRONYMS
ODA
Overseas development assistance
EFA
Education for All
OECD-‐ DAC
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͛ƐĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞŽŵŵŝƚƚĞĞ
FTI
Fast Track Initiative
PASEC
WƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞĚ͛ĂŶĂůLJƐĞĚĞƐƐLJƐƚğŵĞƐĠĚƵĐĂƚŝĨƐĚĞůĂ CONFEMEN
GER
Gross Enrollment Ratio
PTR
Pupil-‐teacher ratio
GMR
EFA Global Monitoring Report
SACMEQ
The Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality
GPE
Global Partnership for Education
SLI
Student learning index
HDI
Human Development Index
TVET
Technical and Vocational Education and Training
HDR
Human Development Report
UIS
UNESCO Institute of Statistics
MLA
Monitoring Learning Achievement (MLA) Project in Africa -‐ ADEA
UNDP
United Nations Development Programme
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BREDA hE ^K͛ƐZĞŐŝŽŶĂůƵƌĞĂƵĨŽƌ Education in Africa
Disclaimer: The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in the country profiles are those of the publisher and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UNESCO Board of Directors or the governments they represent.
2012
EFA Country Profiles
Explanatory Note
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SOURCES BY COUNTRY AND INDICATOR
Pôle: Pôle de Dakar database, v14. UIS: UNESCO Institute of Statistics online database. GMR: Global Monitoring Report, 2011. Eͬ͗EŽƚĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͗͘ƵƚŚŽƌƐ͛ĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘
Explanatory Note
2012
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EFA Country Profiles
Pôle: Pôle de Dakar database, v14. UIS: UNESCO Institute of Statistics online database. UNDP: HDR, 2011. GPE: Africa Financial Update, March 2012. N/A: Not available.
2012
Explanatory Note
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EFA Country Profiles
Pôle: Pôle de Dakar database, v14. UIS: UNESCO Institute of Statistics online database. Eͬ͗EŽƚĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͗͘ƵƚŚŽƌƐ͛ĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘
Explanatory Note
2012
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EFA Country Profiles
Pôle: Pôle de Dakar database, v14. UIS: UNESCO Institute of Statistics online database. GMR: Global Monitoring Report, 2011. Eͬ͗EŽƚĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ͗͘ƵƚŚŽƌƐ͛ĐĂůĐƵůĂƚŝŽŶƐ͘
2012
Explanatory Note
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EFA Country Profiles
Pôle: Pôle de Dakar database, v14. UIS: UNESCO Institute of Statistics online database. N/A: Not available.
