includes initializing all program variables, the setting-up of peripheral components and communica- tion controllers ...... the square root of the sum of the square of the sigma error components along the major and minor axes ...... System (ECDIS) which is a navigation hardware/software information system using official vector.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Tetley, L. (Laurence), 1941– Electronic navigation systems. – 3rd ed. 1. Electronics in navigation I. Title II. Calcutt, D. (David), 1935– 623.8'504 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 51385
Composition by Genesis Typesetting, Laser Quay, Rochester, Kent Printed and bound in Great Britain
Contents
Preface Acknowledgements
ix xi
Chapter 1 Radio wave propagation and the frequency spectrum 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Maritime navigation systems and their frequencies 1.3 Radio wave radiation 1.4 Frequency, wavelength and velocity 1.5 Radio frequency spectrum 1.6 Radio frequency bands 1.7 Radio wave propagation 1.8 Signal fading 1.9 Basic antenna theory 1.10 Glossary 1.11 Summary 1.12 Revision questions
1 1 1 2 4 5 6 8 13 14 19 20 21
Chapter 2 Depth sounding systems 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The characteristics of sound in seawater 2.3 Transducers 2.4 Depth sounding principles 2.5 A generic echo sounding system 2.6 A digitized echo sounding system 2.7 A microcomputer echo sounding system 2.8 Glossary 2.9 Summary 2.10 Revision questions
22 22 22 27 31 35 38 38 41 43 44
Chapter 3 Speed measurement 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Speed measurement using water pressure 3.3 Speed measurement using electromagnetic induction 3.4 Speed measurement using acoustic correlation techniques
45 45 45 52 57
vi
Contents
3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10
The Doppler principle Principles of speed measurement using the Doppler effect Doppler speed logging systems Glossary Summary Revision questions
60 63 72 85 85 86
Chapter 4 Loran-C 4.1 Introduction 4.2 System principles 4.3 Basics of the Loran-C System 4.4 Loran-C charts 4.5 Position fixing using the Loran-C System 4.6 Loran-C coverage 4.7 Loran-C receivers 4.8 Glossary 4.9 Summary 4.10 Revision questions
88 88 89 93 102 107 112 115 137 139 140
Chapter 5 Satellite navigation 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Basic satellite theory 5.3 The Global Positioning System (GPS) 5.4 The position fix 5.5 Dilution of Precision (DOP) 5.6 Satellite pass predictions 5.7 System errors 5.8 Differential GPS (DGPS) 5.9 GPS antenna systems 5.10 GPS receiver designation 5.11 Generic GPS receiver architecture
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