Energy Pocketbook - European Commission - Europa EU

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energy in figures

Statistical pocketbook 2015

Energy

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More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Print ISBN 978-92-79-48359-2 ISSN 1977-4559 doi:10.2833/105662 MJ-AB-15-001-EN-C Epub ISBN 978-92-79-48360-8 ISSN 2363-247X doi:10.2833/467316 MJ-AB-15-001-EN-E PDF ISBN 978-92-79-48358-5 ISSN 2363-247X doi:10.2833/77358

MJ-AB-15-001-EN-N

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EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Introduction The energy sector is one of the pillars of growth, competitiveness and development for modern economies. To keep up with the ongoing transformation of the energy sector in Europe, we need data that is accurate and up-to-date. This publication provides an overview of the most relevant annual energyrelated statistics for the European Union as a whole and for each of its Member States. The data contained in this pocketbook is drawn from several sources: from the European Commission’s services; from international organisations such as the European Environment Agency and the International Energy Agency and also from the European Commission’s estimates when other data is unavailable. The publication is divided into five parts: Part 1. Energy overview at global and EU levels. Part 2. Main energy indicators, at EU and Member States levels. Part 3. Socio-economic indicators in the EU. Part 4. Impact of the energy sector on the environment. Part 5. Country profiles – Main energy indicators. Indicators have been calculated using the methodology established by the European Commission – DG Energy. The appendices include a glossary and methodological notes. This publication was produced using the most recently available data. Corrections and updates will be published at: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/statistics/country Recommended sources of data: European Commission websites:

DG Energy Pocketbook: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/statistics/energy-statistical-pocketbook Country statistics: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/statistics/country Energy statistics data: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/statistics Eurostat Eurostat Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database DG Economic and Financial Affairs AMECO: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/ameco/index_en.htm DG Climate Action Climate strategies, targets and progress reports: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/index_en.htm Websites of other organisations: European Environment Agency Data and maps: http://www.eea.europa.eu/ International Energy Agency Statistics and balances: http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp Please send your comments on this publication and suggestions for improvement to [email protected], with the word ‘Pocketbook’ in the subject line. 1

Statistical pocketbook 2015

Summary PART 1 Overview 1.1

1.2

1.3

Energy in the World (Overview)������������������������������������������� 10 1.1.1

World Energy Production by Region����������������������������������� 10

1.1.2

World Energy Production by Fuel�������������������������������������� 11

1.1.3

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region ������������������������� 12

1.1.4

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel���������������������������� 13

1.1.5

World Final Energy Consumption by Region�������������������������� 14

1.1.6

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel����������������������������� 15

1.1.7

World Electricity Generation by Fuel���������������������������������� 16

1.1.8

World Heat Generation by Fuel����������������������������������������� 17

1.1.9

World CO 2 Emissions by Region���������������������������������������� 18

1.1.10

World CO 2 Intensity by Region������������������������������������������ 19

Energy in the EU (Overview)������������������������������������������������ 20 1.2.1

EU Energy Flow – 1995�������������������������������������������������� 20

1.2.2

EU Energy Flow – 2013�������������������������������������������������� 21

1.2.3

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption�������������������������������������� 22

1.2.4

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency������������������������������������ 24

1.2.5

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports������������������� 25

1.2.6

EU Imports by Country of Origin��������������������������������������� 26

EU 2020 Targets���������������������������������������������������������������� 27 1.3.1

Renewable Energy�������������������������������������������������������� 27

1.3.2

Renewable Energy Shares���������������������������������������������� 29

1.3.3

GHG Emissions������������������������������������������������������������ 30

PART 2 Energy in the EU 2.1

2.2

2

Energy Supply����������������������������������������� 35 2.1.1

Production����������������������������������������������������������������� 35

2.1.2

Net Imports���������������������������������������������������������������� 38

2.1.3

Gross Inland Consumption���������������������������������������������� 41

Imports������������������������������������������������ 45 2.2.1

Imports – Solid Fuels���������������������������������������������������� 45

2.2.2

Imports – Petroleum and Products������������������������������������ 50

2.2.3

Imports – Gases���������������������������������������������������������� 55

2.2.4

Imports – Electricity����������������������������������������������������� 59

2.2.5

Imports by Country of Origin������������������������������������������� 63

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

Energy Import Dependency������������������������������ 66 2.3.1

Import Dependency – All Fuels���������������������������������������� 66

2.3.2

Import Dependency – By Fuel������������������������������������������ 67

2.3.3

Import Dependency – Solid Fuels������������������������������������� 68

2.3.4

Import Dependency – Hard Coal��������������������������������������� 69

2.3.5

Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products��������������������� 70

2.3.6

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL��������������������������������� 71

2.3.7

Import Dependency – Natural Gas������������������������������������ 72

Energy Transformation��������������������������������� 73 2.4.1

Transformation Input – All Fuels��������������������������������������� 73

2.4.2

Transformation Input – By Fuel���������������������������������������� 74

2.4.3

Transformation Input – By Sector������������������������������������� 75

2.4.4

Transformation Output – All Fuels������������������������������������� 76

2.4.5

Transformation Output – By Fuel�������������������������������������� 77

2.4.6

Transformation Output – By Sector����������������������������������� 78

Final Energy������������������������������������������� 79 2.5.1

Available for Final Consumption��������������������������������������� 79

2.5.2

Final Energy Consumption��������������������������������������������� 80

2.5.3

Final Non-Energy Consumption��������������������������������������� 84

2.5.4

Primary Energy Consumption������������������������������������������ 85

Electricity��������������������������������������������� 86 2.6.1

Installed Electricity Capacity������������������������������������������ 86

2.6.2

Gross Electricity Generation�������������������������������������������� 89

2.6.3

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer������������������ 94

Solar and Wind Energy���������������������������������� 95 2.7.1

Cumulative Solar and Wind Capacity��������������������������������� 95

2.7.2

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity���������������������������������� 97

2.7.3

Wind Gross Electricity Production������������������������������������ 99

2.7.4

Wind Capacity Factor�������������������������������������������������� 101

2.7.5

Solar Collectors’ Surface���������������������������������������������� 102

2.7.6

Solar Installed Capacity����������������������������������������������� 103

2.7.7

Solar Gross Electricity Production����������������������������������� 104

2.7.8

Solar Penetration Level������������������������������������������������ 105

CHP�������������������������������������������������� 106 2.8.1

CHP Electricity���������������������������������������������������������� 106

2.8.2

CHP Heat����������������������������������������������������������������� 107

2.8.3

CHP Electricity and Heat���������������������������������������������� 108 3

Statistical pocketbook 2015

2.9

Heat������������������������������������������������� 109 2.9.1

Gross Heat Generation������������������������������������������������� 109

2.10 Transport��������������������������������������������� 112 2.10.1

Fuels Final Consumption���������������������������������������������� 112

2.10.2

Biofuels������������������������������������������������������������������ 113

2.11 Energy Efficiency�������������������������������������� 115 2.11.1

Energy Intensity�������������������������������������������������������� 115

2.11.2

Energy per Capita������������������������������������������������������ 116

2.11.3

Final Electricity per Capita�������������������������������������������� 117

2.11.4

Primary Energy Intensity���������������������������������������������� 118

2 .11 .5 Carbon Intensity�������������������������������������������������������� 119

2.12 RES Indicators���������������������������������������� 120 2.12.1

RES Shares�������������������������������������������������������������� 120

2.13 Energy Prices����������������������������������������� 123 2.13.1

Prices of Transport Fuels���������������������������������������������� 123

2.13.2

Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers���������������������������������� 126

2.13.3

Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers���������������������������������� 128

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.1

Classification of the Energy Sector����������������������������������� 134 3.1.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

4

Comparative Table����������������������������������������������������� 134

Employment��������������������������������������������������������������������� 135 3.2.1

Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15 years & over) 135

3.2.2

Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors�������������������������� 136

3.2.3

Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors������������������������� 137

Enterprises in the Energy Sector��������������������������������������� 138 3.3.1

Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector����������������������� 138

3.3.2

Turnover in the Energy Sector���������������������������������������� 142

3.3.3

Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector 146

Economy�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 150 3.4.1

GDP at Current Market Prices����������������������������������������� 150

3.4.2

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices��������������������������� 151

3.4.3

GDP at 2010 Market Prices������������������������������������������� 152

3.4.4

GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices������������������������������ 153

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.5

Demography������������������������������������������������������������������� 154 3.5.1

Population��������������������������������������������������������������� 154

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU 4.1

4.2

Gases Emissions�������������������������������������������������������������� 158 4.1.1

GHGs Emissions��������������������������������������������������������� 158

4.1.2

CO 2 Emissions����������������������������������������������������������� 163

Main Emissions Indicators������������������������������������������������ 168 4.2.1

CO 2 per Capita���������������������������������������������������������� 168

4.2.2

Carbon GDP Intensity�������������������������������������������������� 169

PART 5 Country Profiles 5.0

European Union 28����������������������������������������������������������� 174

5.1

Belgium��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 176

5.2

Bulgaria��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 178

5.3

Czech Republic���������������������������������������������������������������� 180

5.4

Denmark�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 182

5.5

Germany������������������������������������������������������������������������� 184

5.6

Estonia��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 186

5.7

Ireland���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 188

5.8

Greece����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 190

5.9

Spain������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 192

5.10 France���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 194 5.11 Croatia��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 196 5.12 Italy�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 198 5.13 Cyprus���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 200 5.14 Latvia������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 202 5.15 Lithuania������������������������������������������������������������������������ 204 5.16 Luxembourg�������������������������������������������������������������������� 206 5.17 Hungary�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 208 5.18 Malta������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 210 5.19 Netherlands��������������������������������������������������������������������� 212 5.20 Austria���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 214 5.21 Poland����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 216 5.22 Portugal�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 218 5

Statistical pocketbook 2015

5.23 Romania�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 220 5.24 Slovenia�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 222 5.25 Slovakia��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 224 5.26 Finland���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 226 5.27 Sweden���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 228 5.28 United Kingdom��������������������������������������������������������������� 230

Appendices Appendices Methodology����������������������������������������������������������� 236 Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature������������������������������������������� 236 Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN���������������������������������������������� 237 Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE���������������������������������������������� 238 Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR���������������������������������������������� 239 Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN����������������������������������������������� 240 Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE����������������������������������������������� 241 Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR������������������������������������������������ 242 Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations�������������������������������������� 243 Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes������������������������������������������������� 244 Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors���������������������������������������������� 245 Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values���������������������������������������� 246

Appendix Glossary��������������������������������������������������������������������� 247 Appendix 12 – Glossary����������������������������������������������������������� 247

Appendix Notes�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 257 Appendix 13 – Notes��������������������������������������������������������������� 257

Notes���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 262

6

Overview

1

PART

PART 1  Overview

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Summary 1.1

1.2

1.3

Energy in the World (Overview)������������������������������������������� 10 1.1.1

World Energy Production by Region����������������������������������� 10

1.1.2

World Energy Production by Fuel�������������������������������������� 11

1.1.3

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region ������������������������� 12

1.1.4

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel���������������������������� 13

1.1.5

World Final Energy Consumption by Region�������������������������� 14

1.1.6

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel����������������������������� 15

1.1.7

World Electricity Generation by Fuel���������������������������������� 16

1.1.8

World Heat Generation by Fuel����������������������������������������� 17

1.1.9

World CO 2 Emissions by Region���������������������������������������� 18

1.1.10

World CO 2 Intensity by Region������������������������������������������ 19

Energy in the EU (Overview)������������������������������������������������ 20 1.2.1

EU Energy Flow – 1995�������������������������������������������������� 20

1.2.2

EU Energy Flow – 2013�������������������������������������������������� 21

1.2.3

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption�������������������������������������� 22

1.2.4

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency������������������������������������ 24

1.2.5

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports������������������� 25

1.2.6

EU Imports by Country of Origin��������������������������������������� 26

EU 2020 Targets���������������������������������������������������������������� 27 1.3.1

Renewable Energy�������������������������������������������������������� 27

1.3.2

Renewable Energy Shares���������������������������������������������� 29

1.3.3

GHG Emissions������������������������������������������������������������ 30

9

PART 1  Overview

1.1 Energy in the World (Overview) 1.1.1 World Energy Production by Region

(Mtoe) EU-28

1995 965

2000 949

2005 905

2010 836

China United States Middle East Asia* Russia Africa Rest of the World World

1 065 1 659 1 138 816 968 772 1 875 9 256

1 129 1 667 1 327 924 978 884 2 170 10 027

1 701 1 631 1 516 1 107 1 203 1 083 2 422 11 570

2 204 1 723 1 629 1 343 1 279 1 171 2 566 12 752

2013 2013 (%) 793 5.8 % 2 614 1 881 1 791 1 473 1 340 1 129 2 620 13 642

19.2 % 13.8 % 13.1 % 10.8 % 9.8 % 8.3 % 19.2 % 100.0 %

Total 2013: 13 642 Mtoe 5.8 % 19.2 %

EU-28 China United States Middle East Asia* Russia Africa Rest of the World

19.2 % 8.3 % 9.8 %

13.8 % 10.8 %

13.1 %

Mtoe 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28 China

United States Middle East

* Excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

10

Asia* Russia

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

500

Africa Rest of the World

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.1.2 World Energy Production by Fuel

(Mtoe) 1995 3 395 2 220 1 812 1 206 608 17 9 256

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other Total

2000 3 703 2 279 2 060 1 289 676 21 10 027

2005 4 046 2 989 2 363 1 428 722 22 11 570

2010 4 077 3 546 2 715 1 663 719 32 12 752

2013 2013 (%) 4 216 30.9 % 4 006 29.4 % 2 909 21.3 % 1 828 13.4 % 646 4.7 % 37 0.3 % 13 642 100.0 %

Total 2013: 13 642 Mtoe 4.7 % 13.4 % Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other (0.3 %)

30.9 %

21.3 %

29.4 %

Mtoe

Petroleum and Products Renewables

Solid Fuels Nuclear

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

Gas Other

Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

11

PART 1  Overview

1.1.3 World Gross Inland Consumption by Region

(Mtoe) EU-28

1995 1 645

2000 1 692

2005 1 787

2010 1 721

China United States Asia* Russia Africa Middle East Rest of the World World

1 055 2 067 868 637 442 307 2 199 9 219

1 174 2 273 1 039 619 494 356 2 408 10 057

1 788 2 319 1 239 652 596 471 2 629 11 481

2 483 2 215 1 523 690 691 628 2 838 12 789

2013 2013 (%) 1 626 12.0 % 3 036 2 188 1 655 731 747 689 2 883 13 555

22.4 % 16.1 % 12.2 % 5.4 % 5.5 % 5.1 % 21.3 % 100.0 %

Total 2013: 13 555 Mtoe 12.0 %

21.3 %

EU-28 China United States Asia* Russia Africa Middle East Rest of the World

22.4 %

5.1 % 5.5 % 5.4 % 16.1 %

12.2 %

Mtoe 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

EU-28 Asia*

China Russia

* Excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

12

United States Africa

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Middle East Rest of the World

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.1.4 World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel

(Mtoe) 1995 3 372 2 208 1 807 1 207 213 39 3 967 608 17 9 219

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Hydro* Geothermal* Solar/Wind/Other* Biofuels and Waste* Nuclear Other Total

2000 3 660 2 343 2 067 1 290 225 52 8 1 025 676 22 10 057

2005 4 007 2 950 2 352 1 428 252 54 17 1 127 722 22 11 481

2010 4 131 3 506 2 736 1 664 296 65 48 1 287 719 33 12 789

2013 2013 (%) 4 210 31.1 % 3 928 29.0 % 2 902 21.4 % 1 829 13.5 % 326 2.4 % 66 0.5 % 95 0.7 % 1 377 10.2 % 646 4.8 % 40 0.3 % 13 555 100.0 %

Total 2013: 13 555 Mtoe 4.8 % 13.5 % Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other (0.3 %)

31.1 %

21.4 %

29.0 %

Mtoe

Petroleum and Products Renewables

Solid Fuels Nuclear

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

Gas Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

13

PART 1  Overview

1.1.5 World Final Energy Consumption by Region

(Mtoe) EU-28

1995 1 127

2000 1 176

2005 1 235

2010 1 203

2013 2013 (%) 1 139 12.4 %

China United States Asia* Africa Russia Middle East Rest of the World World

797 1 378 643 325 458 202 1 623 6 554

825 1 546 746 370 418 243 1 761 7 085

1 171 1 561 878 436 412 315 1 920 7 928

1 534 1 501 1 067 508 446 415 2 048 8 723

1 823 1 495 1 174 555 434 452 2 101 9 173

19.9 % 16.3 % 12.8 % 6.0 % 4.7 % 4.9 % 22.9 % 100.0 %

Total 2013: 9 173 Mtoe

12.4 % EU-28 China United States Asia* Africa Russia Middle East Rest of the World

22.9 % 19.9 % 4.9 % 4.7 % 6.0 % 16.3 %

12.8 %

Mtoe 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

EU-28 Asia*

China Russia

* Excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

14

United States Africa

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Middle East Rest of the World

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.1.6 World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel

(Mtoe) 1995 2 805 673 1 008 844 935 286 3 6 554

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Electricity Heat Other Total

2000 3 127 578 1 121 913 1 091 247 7 7 085

2005 3 455 739 1 188 981 1 300 259 5 7 928

2010 3 617 868 1 328 1 093 1 537 272 8 8 723

2013 2013 (%) 3 704 40.4 % 954 10.4 % 1 400 15.3 % 1 156 12.6 % 1 677 18.3 % 274 3.0 % 8 0.1 % 9 173 100.0 %

Total 2013: 9 173 Mtoe 3.0 % 18.3 % Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Electricity Heat Other (0.1 %)

40.4 %

12.6 %

15.3 %

10.4 %

Mtoe 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

Petroleum and Products Renewables Other

Solid Fuels Electricity

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Gas Heat

Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

15

PART 1  Overview

1.1.7 World Electricity Generation by Fuel

(TWh) 1995 4 990 1 231 2 027 2 639 2 480 10 133 40 2 332 25 13 244

Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gas Renewables Hydro* Solar/Wind/Other* Biofuels and Waste* Geothermal* Nuclear Other Total

2000 6 002 1 205 2 752 2 840 2 620 35 170 52 2 591 37 15 426

2005 7 319 1 146 3 700 3 299 2 932 119 237 58 2 768 49 18 282

2010 8 666 959 4 807 4 213 3 441 381 380 68 2 756 60 21 460

2013 2013 (%) 9 613 41.2 % 1 028 4.4 % 5 075 21.8 % 5 046 21.6 % 3 790 16.3 % 789 3.4 % 461 2.0 % 72 0.3 % 2 478 10.6 % 68 0.3 % 23 307 100.0 %

Total 2013: 23 307 twh 10.6 % Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gas Renewables Nuclear Other (0.3 %)

41.2 % 21.6 %

21.8 %

4.4 %

twh 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000

Solid Fuels Renewables

Petroleum and Products Nuclear

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

16

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Gas Other

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.1.8 World Heat Generation by Fuel

(PJ) 1995 7 168 4 367 1 905 254 17 9 345 20 162 13 877

Gas Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Renewables Geothermal* Solar/Wind/Other* Biofuels and Waste* Nuclear Other Total

2000 6 249 4 332 1 125 296 18 12 415 19 203 12 224

2005 6 684 4 733 924 396 24 386 531 21 600 13 356

2010 6 580 5 463 771 583 26 345 780 27 634 14 059

2013 2013 (%) 5 936 42.9 % 5 911 42.7 % 594 4.3 % 665 4.8 % 31 0.2 % 344 2.5 % 893 6.4 % 28 0.2 % 711 5.1 % 13 845 100.0 %

Total 2013: 13 845 pj 5.1 % 4.8 % 4.3 % Gas Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Renewables Nuclear (0.2 %) Other

42.9 %

42.7 %

pj 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000

Solid Fuels Renewables

Gas Nuclear

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Petroleum and Products Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

17

PART 1  Overview

1.1.9 World CO2 Emissions* by Region

(Mio ton CO2) EU-28 China United States Asia** Middle East Russian Federation Africa Rest of the World World

1995 4 063

2000 4 100

2005 4 276

2010 3 964

3 085 5 275 1 793 835 1 573 637 5 291 22 551

3 382 5 844 2 257 970 1 510 725 5 807 24 596

5 503 5 923 2 789 1 247 1 527 871 6 343 28 479

7 394 5 574 3 620 1 624 1 603 1 027 6 788 31 593

2012 2012 (%) 3 780 11.5 % 8 342 5 186 3 915 1 753 1 684 1 078 7 075 32 814

25.4 % 15.8 % 11.9 % 5.3 % 5.1 % 3.3 % 21.6 % 100.0 %

Total 2012: 32 814 mio ton CO2

11.5 % EU-28 China United States Asia** Middle East Russia Federation Africa Rest of the World

21.6 %

25.4 %

3.3 % 5.1 % 5.3 % 11.9 %

15.8 %

mio ton CO2 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000

EU-28 Asia**

China Russia Federation

* Sectoral Approach, Including Bunkers. ** Excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

18

United States Africa

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Middle East Rest of the World

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.1.10 World CO2 Intensity* by Region

(Kg CO2 per toe – Average) EU-28

1995 2 470

2000 2 423

2005 2 392

2010 2 303

2012 2 296

China United States Asia** Middle East Russia Africa Rest of the World World

2 924 2 552 2 066 2 721 2 470 1 441 2 406 2 446

2 880 2 571 2 173 2 723 2 438 1 467 2 411 2 446

3 078 2 555 2 252 2 644 2 343 1 460 2 413 2 481

2 978 2 516 2 377 2 587 2 325 1 485 2 392 2 470

2 956 2 424 2 437 2 588 2 273 1 469 2 473 2 481

average 2012: 2 473 Kg CO2 per toe 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 EU-28 China

United States Asia**

Middle East Russia

Africa World Rest of the World

Kg CO2 per toe 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500

EU-28 Asia**

China Russia

United States Africa

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1 000

Middle East Rest of the World

* Per Unit of Gross Inland Consumption. ** Excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

19

Total Production: 964.9

Net Imports: 734.4

Gross Inland Consumption: 1 671.1

Intermediary

Transformation Input: 1 416.1

Transformation Output: 1 045.9

Non-Transformed Energy: 139.4

Dis

tri

pti

n

* Current 28 MS.

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

m su

ati

on

on

nL

b

io ut

o

n nE

i

kC

Co

rm

e ss

s:

erg

oc

Tra

9.6

Demand

es:

s Los

St

o nsf

s:

20 Consum Final Energy

stry: 329.5

ption – Indu

05.5 n: 1 ptio m u s Con rgy -Ene Non

Final Energy Consum ption – Transport : 306.8 Final En ergy Co n Fin sumptio al E n – Serv ices: 11 Fin ner 5.4 g Fin al En y Co ns. erg al –A En yC erg gr o y C nsum icultu pti re/ on For on su mp est –F ry: ish tio 30 i n– ng .6 : 1 No nsp ec ifie d: 12 .1

ntial: 283.6 Final Energy Consumption – Reside

l Fina

Available Final for Final Energy Consumption: Consumption: 1 185 1 078.8

Final

(Mtoe)

ge



ha n

Supply

PART 1  Overview

1.2 Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.1 EU* Energy Flow – 1995

37

0.2

26

.8

yS

to ec

ine ar lM a 4 ion : 2. at Use ern irect Int D

8.8 r: 8

s:

er nk Bu

35

.4

Total Production: 804.2

Net Imports: 909

Gross Inland Consumption: 1 666.3

Intermediary

Transformation Input: 1 301.9

Transformation Output: 946.1

Non-Transformed Energy: 257.6

pti

Co

n

m su

on

on

nL

b

io ut

o

n nE

i

kC

tri

ati

e ss

s:

erg

oc

Demand

es:

s Los

St

Dis

5.4

Tra

rm

s:

o nsf

ge

Available Final for Final Energy Consumption: Consumption: 1 204.2 1 103.8

Final

stry: 276.6

ption – Indu

9.7

Final Energy Consum ption – Transport : 348.5 Final En ergy Co nsumpti Fin o a n – Serv ices: 15 Fin l Ene 2.5 rg al Fin Ene y Con rgy s. – al En C erg onsu Agric ult mp yC ure tio on /Fo n– su res mp Fis try hin tio : 23 g: n– .9 1.1 No nsp ec ifie d: 5.2

ntial: 295.9 Final Energy Consumption – Reside

Consum Final Energy

n-E

l No

Fina

n: 9

ptio nsum y Co nerg



ha n

Supply

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.2.2 EU Energy Flow – 2013 (Mtoe)

35

5.8

26

.1

yS

to ec

0.7 r: 8

s:

ine ar lM a 6 ion : 9. at Use ern irect Int D

er nk Bu

42

.6

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

21

PART 1  Overview

1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

Energy Mix (%) – Primary Products Only

Total Primary 1995: 1 669 Mtoe

(Total Primary and Secondary 1995: 1 671 Mtoe)

5 % 14 % 39 % 22 %

20 %

Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels Nuclear Heat Renewables Waste, non-renewable (0 %)

Total Primary 2013: 1 665 Mtoe

(Total Primary and Secondary 2013: 1 666 Mtoe)

12 %

1 %

33 %

14 %

17 % 23 %

Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

22

Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels Nuclear Heat Renewables Waste, non-nenewable

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

Energy Mix* – 2013 (%) 0 %

20 %

EU-28

Solid Fuels Renewables

40 %

60 %

Petroleum and Products Waste

80 %

Gas

100 %

Nuclear Heat

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK 0 %

20 %

40 %

60 %

80 %

100 %

* Primary Products Only. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

23

PART 1  Overview

1.2.4 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency

By Fuel – (%) Total Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Natural Gas

1995 43.0

2000 46.7

2005 52.2

2010 52.8

2012 53.3

2013 53.2

21.5 29.7 74.0 73.0 43.4

30.6 42.6 75.8 74.5 48.9

39.4 55.7 82.2 81.3 57.1

39.5 57.9 84.4 84.7 62.2

42.2 62.6 86.4 87.9 65.8

44.2 64.6 87.4 88.1 65.3

1995-2013 (%) 100 % 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 % Total

Solid Fuels

Hard Coal

Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

24

Petroleum and Products

Crude and NGL

Natural Gas

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.2.5 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports 2013 Energy Import Dependency (%) 0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

BE

BE

BG

BG

CZ

CZ

DK

DK

DE

DE

EE

EE

IE

IE

EL

EL

ES

ES

FR

FR

HR

HR

IT

IT

CY

CY

LV

LV

LT

LT

LU

LU

HU

HU

MT

MT

NL

NL

AT

AT

PL

PL

PT

PT

RO

RO

SI

SI

SK

SK

FI

FI

SE

SE

UK

UK 0

20

40

60

80

100

Net Imports (Mtoe)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

25

PART 1  Overview

1.2.6 EU Imports by Country of Origin EU-28 Imports* of Natural Gas – 2013 Total = 12 408 433 TJ-GCV 39.0 %

Russia 29.5 %

Norway 12.8 %

Algeria Not specified Qatar Nigeria Libya

6.7 % 6.7 % 1.8 % 1.8 %

Trinidad & Tobago

0.8 %

Other non-EU suppliers

0.9 %

EU-28 Imports* of Crude Oil – 2013 Total = 498 838 kton Russia

33.5 %

Norway

11.7 %

Soudi Arabia

8.6 % 8.1 %

Nigeria Kazakhstan

5.8 %

Libya

5.6 %

Azerbaijan

4.8 %

Algeria 3.9 % Other non-EU suppliers

18.1 %

EU-28 Imports* of Solid Fuels – 2013 Total = 236 977 kton Russia

28.8 %

Colombia

22.4 %

United States

21.8 %

Australia

7.3 %

South Africa

6.8 %

Not Specified 4.7 % Indonesia Canada Other non-EU suppliers

3.0 % 1.7 % 3.2 %

* From non-EU suppliers. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

26

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.3 EU 2020 Targets 1.3.1 Renewable Energy *

RES Heating and Cooling

Overall RES Share

Indicative Trajectory 2013/2014

2020 RES Target

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

RES Electricity

% EU-28

RES in Transport

2013 Renewable Energy Shares

5.4

25.4

16.5

15.0

11.9

20.0

4.3 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.3 0.2 5.0 1.1 0.4 7.2 2.1 5.0 1.1 3.1 4.6 3.9 5.3 3.3 5.0 7.5 6.0 0.7 4.6 3.4 5.3 9.9 16.7 4.4

12.3 18.9 12.8 43.1 25.6 13.0 20.9 21.2 36.4 16.9 38.7 31.3 6.6 48.8 13.1 5.3 6.6 1.6 10.1 68.1 10.7 49.2 37.5 32.8 20.8 31.1 61.8 13.9

8.1 29.2 15.3 34.8 10.6 43.1 5.7 26.5 14.9 18.3 18.1 18.0 21.7 49.7 37.7 5.6 13.5 23.7 3.6 33.5 13.9 34.5 26.2 31.7 7.5 50.9 67.2 2.6

7.9 19.0 12.4 27.2 12.4 25.6 7.8 15.0 15.4 14.2 18.0 16.7 8.1 37.1 23.0 3.6 9.8 3.8 4.5 32.6 11.3 25.7 23.9 21.5 9.8 36.8 52.1 5.1

5.4 11.4 8.2 20.9 9.5 20.1 7.0 10.2 12.1 14.1 14.8 8.7 5.9 34.8 17.4 3.9 6.9 3.0 5.9 26.5 9.5 23.7 19.7 18.7 8.9 31.4 42.6 5.4

13.0 16.0 13.0 30.0 18.0 25.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 23.0 20.0 17.0 13.0 40.0 23.0 11.0 13.0 10.0 14.0 34.0 15.0 31.0 24.0 25.0 14.0 38.0 49.0 15.0

* In % of the Gross Final Energy Consumption. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

27

PART 1  Overview

1.3.1 Renewable Energy *

Overall Renewable enErgy share 2013 (%) 0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

EU-28 Overall RES Share 2013 Indicative Trajectory 2013/2014 2020 RES Target

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK 0 %

10 %

20 %

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption. Source: Eurostat, April 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

28

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1.3.2 Renewable Energy Shares * RES Shares in Heating and Cooling, Electricity, and Transport – 2013 (%) 0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

EU-28 RES in Transport 2013 RES Electricity 2013 RES Heating and Cooling 2013

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK 0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption. Source: Eurostat, April 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

29

PART 1  Overview

1.3.3 GHG Emissions *

Emissions Compared to 1990 Index 100=1990 EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1990 100

1995 93.5

2000 91.8

2005 93.2

2010 85.7

2011 83.1

2012 82.1

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

104.9 69.6 77.0 110.7 89.8 49.4 106.8 104.5 110.9 99.5 72.7 102.4 121.2 47.7 45.1 80.8 81.3 122.8 106.7 102.6 94.7 117.3 70.7 100.5 74.1 100.5 102.3 93.1

103.1 54.2 74.5 100.2 84.0 42.3 124.3 120.3 134.8 101.5 82.7 106.9 137.8 38.2 40.1 80.7 79.5 130.2 103.0 103.6 84.4 138.2 54.6 102.7 68.7 98.5 95.6 89.9

100.4 58.3 74.4 94.4 80.9 45.8 127.8 128.3 154.2 101.6 95.9 111.6 149.6 42.5 47.8 108.3 80.6 147.4 101.8 120.0 85.5 144.7 57.9 110.2 70.6 98.0 93.4 88.6

93.0 55.2 70.4 90.3 76.7 49.5 113.3 111.5 125.4 93.9 90.2 97.5 150.6 46.7 43.3 101.9 69.0 149.7 101.4 110.2 88.1 118.6 47.8 105.8 64.0 106.7 91.3 79.9

85.1 60.5 68.4 83.4 74.5 51.8 105.8 109.6 126.4 88.9 89.1 95.3 147.5 44.7 44.3 100.2 67.2 151.3 94.7 107.6 87.6 116.5 50.5 105.9 63.2 96.6 86.0 74.8

82.6 56.0 67.3 76.9 76.6 47.4 107.0 105.7 122.5 89.5 82.7 89.7 147.7 42.9 44.4 97.5 63.7 156.9 93.3 104.0 85.9 114.9 48.0 102.6 58.4 88.1 80.7 77.5

* Emissions of the Kyoto basket of GHG. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

30

Energy in the EU

PART

2

PART 2  Energy in the EU

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Summary 2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

Energy Supply�������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 2.1.1

Production����������������������������������������������������������������� 35

2.1.2

Net Imports���������������������������������������������������������������� 38

2.1.3

Gross Inland Consumption���������������������������������������������� 41

Imports����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45 2.2.1

Imports – Solid Fuels���������������������������������������������������� 45

2.2.2

Imports – Petroleum and Products������������������������������������ 50

2.2.3

Imports – Gases���������������������������������������������������������� 55

2.2.4

Imports – Electricity����������������������������������������������������� 59

2.2.5

Imports by Country of Origin������������������������������������������� 63

Energy Import Dependency������������������������������������������������� 66 2.3.1

Import Dependency – All Fuels���������������������������������������� 66

2.3.2

Import Dependency – By Fuel������������������������������������������ 67

2.3.3

Import Dependency – Solid Fuels������������������������������������� 68

2.3.4

Import Dependency – Hard Coal��������������������������������������� 69

2.3.5

Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products��������������������� 70

2.3.6

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL��������������������������������� 71

2.3.7

Import Dependency – Natural Gas������������������������������������ 72

Energy Transformation������������������������������������������������������� 73 2.4.1

Transformation Input – All Fuels��������������������������������������� 73

2.4.2

Transformation Input – By Fuel���������������������������������������� 74

2.4.3

Transformation Input – By Sector������������������������������������� 75

2.4.4

Transformation Output – All Fuels������������������������������������� 76

2.4.5

Transformation Output – By Fuel�������������������������������������� 77

2.4.6

Transformation Output – By Sector����������������������������������� 78

Final Energy����������������������������������������������������������������������� 79 2.5.1

Available for Final Consumption��������������������������������������� 79

2.5.2

Final Energy Consumption��������������������������������������������� 80

2.5.3

Final Non-Energy Consumption��������������������������������������� 84

2.5.4

Primary Energy Consumption������������������������������������������ 85

Electricity�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 86 2.6.1

Installed Electricity Capacity������������������������������������������ 86

2.6.2

Gross Electricity Generation�������������������������������������������� 89

2.6.3

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer������������������ 94 33

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7

2.8

2.9

Solar and Wind Energy�������������������������������������������������������� 95 2.7.1

Cumulative Solar and Wind Capacity��������������������������������� 95

2.7.2

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity���������������������������������� 97

2.7.3

Wind Gross Electricity Production������������������������������������ 99

2.7.4

Wind Capacity Factor�������������������������������������������������� 101

2.7.5

Solar Collectors’ Surface���������������������������������������������� 102

2.7.6

Solar Installed Capacity����������������������������������������������� 103

2.7.7

Solar Gross Electricity Production����������������������������������� 104

2.7.8

Solar Penetration Level������������������������������������������������ 105

CHP��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 106 2.8.1

CHP Electricity���������������������������������������������������������� 106

2.8.2

CHP Heat����������������������������������������������������������������� 107

2.8.3

CHP Electricity and Heat���������������������������������������������� 108

Heat�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 109 2.9.1

Gross Heat Generation������������������������������������������������� 109

2.10 Transport������������������������������������������������������������������������� 112 2.10.1

Fuels Final Consumption���������������������������������������������� 112

2.10.2

Biofuels������������������������������������������������������������������ 113

2.11 Energy Efficiency������������������������������������������������������������� 115 2.11.1

Energy Intensity�������������������������������������������������������� 115

2.11.2

Energy per Capita������������������������������������������������������ 116

2.11.3

Final Electricity per Capita�������������������������������������������� 117

2.11.4

Primary Energy Intensity���������������������������������������������� 118

2 .11 .5 Carbon Intensity�������������������������������������������������������� 119

2.12 RES Indicators������������������������������������������������������������������ 120 2.12.1

RES Shares�������������������������������������������������������������� 120

2.13 Energy Prices������������������������������������������������������������������� 123

34

2.13.1

Prices of Transport Fuels���������������������������������������������� 123

2.13.2

Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers���������������������������������� 126

2.13.3

Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers���������������������������������� 128

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.1 Energy Supply 2.1.1 Production*

All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 964.9 100 %

2000 946.8 98 %

2005 906.5 94 %

2010 845.5 88 %

2012 810.5 84 %

2013 804.2 83 %

11.83 13.61 13.72 15.99 14.61 15.29 10.27 9.87 10.70 10.53 11.71 10.58 32.46 30.54 32.86 31.58 32.56 30.08 16.26 28.77 30.78 22.92 18.64 16.64 145.26 135.60 139.11 133.03 127.27 125.32 3.89 3.55 4.39 5.60 5.83 6.37 4.10 2.16 1.65 1.84 1.38 2.37 9.36 10.01 10.33 9.46 10.44 9.33 31.43 31.49 30.09 34.53 33.67 34.49 127.36 130.14 136.34 135.50 134.18 135.94 4.17 3.58 3.80 4.22 3.63 3.70 29.83 28.49 27.84 29.56 35.05 36.87 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.11 0.11 1.43 1.47 1.87 1.98 2.34 2.14 3.78 3.28 3.96 1.33 1.34 1.43 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 13.90 11.60 10.37 11.07 10.60 10.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 66.72 57.56 62.22 74.55 69.36 74.14 8.76 9.78 10.01 12.11 12.86 12.10 99.38 79.59 78.59 67.40 71.77 71.48 3.39 3.89 3.62 5.80 4.85 5.77 32.31 28.47 28.22 27.82 27.43 26.19 2.96 3.09 3.49 3.70 3.54 3.55 5.06 6.39 6.68 6.35 6.58 6.82 13.13 15.16 16.95 18.00 17.76 18.69 31.38 30.05 34.26 32.76 35.83 34.80 256.46 268.55 204.44 147.63 117.04 109.62

PRODUCTION – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 1 200 1 000 800 600

EU-28

400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

35

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.1 Production*

By Fuel

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Nuclear

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Gases

Petroleum and Products

Wastes, Non-Renewable

2013

226.3 28.1 %

156.5 19.5 %

192.0 23.9 %

132.0 16.4 %

85.5 10.6 %

11.9 1.5 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

11.00 3.67 7.96 0.00 25.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.63 109.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.98 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 1.37 4.11 6.09 17.14 18.21

0.00 4.79 17.77 0.00 45.06 4.43 1.29 6.73 1.76 0.19 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.14 0.00 4.66 1.08 0.58 1.70 0.19 7.49

2.93 1.83 3.64 3.24 33.68 1.12 0.77 2.49 17.38 23.07 1.50 23.50 0.11 2.14 1.29 0.11 2.07 0.01 4.29 9.47 8.51 5.62 5.56 1.07 1.47 9.93 16.77 8.40

0.00 0.22 0.21 4.30 8.87 0.00 0.15 0.01 0.05 0.29 1.51 6.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.54 0.00 61.95 1.12 3.83 0.00 8.60 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.01 32.87

0.66 0.06 0.29 8.70 8.52 0.72 0.10 0.09 0.52 1.83 0.68 5.85 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.94 0.00 6.50 0.88 1.56 0.00 4.33 0.00 0.43 0.75 0.11 41.92

0.70 0.01 0.22 0.40 4.11 0.11 0.06 0.02 0.15 1.27 0.01 1.14 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.65 0.64 0.45 0.14 0.04 0.04 0.13 0.21 0.59 0.73

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

36

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.1.1 Production*

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Solid Fuels Nuclear

Petroleum and Products Renewables

Gases Wastes, Non-Renewable

PRODUCTION – by Fuel – EU-28 – 2013 (% of Total) Total = 804 Mtoe

2 % 11 % 28 %

16 %

24 %

19 %

Nuclear Solid Fuels Renewables Gases Petroleum and Products Wastes, Non-Renewable

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

37

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.2 Net Imports

All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 734.37 826.32 979.65 955.01 923.64 908.98 100 % 113 % 133 % 130 % 126 % 124 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

46.75 50.50 53.40 53.75 46.27 48.75 12.83 8.54 9.28 7.08 6.60 6.38 8.60 9.41 12.64 11.44 10.84 11.79 7.27 -7.37 -10.13 -3.25 -0.55 2.30 195.18 204.71 208.11 201.69 196.77 204.59 1.81 1.63 1.50 0.87 1.11 0.85 7.77 12.37 13.77 13.22 11.79 12.34 18.29 22.15 23.50 21.71 19.87 16.43 75.42 99.34 123.83 106.08 99.41 88.73 117.06 134.08 144.10 132.15 125.17 125.09 2.88 4.13 5.21 4.46 4.36 4.09 134.50 152.07 160.24 149.80 133.81 124.72 2.04 2.57 2.84 2.95 2.63 2.34 3.36 2.36 3.10 2.22 2.69 2.63 5.54 4.25 5.03 5.67 5.80 5.30 3.25 3.64 4.67 4.50 4.35 4.20 12.55 13.96 17.42 14.99 12.33 11.90 0.84 1.46 1.63 2.36 2.19 2.14 14.88 33.76 37.08 30.55 29.23 24.34 17.98 18.97 24.52 21.58 21.48 21.04 -1.16 8.77 15.93 31.57 30.06 25.34 18.02 22.07 24.85 18.59 18.21 17.10 14.03 7.99 10.84 7.83 8.02 6.02 3.09 3.41 3.86 3.58 3.64 3.26 12.14 12.00 12.43 11.23 10.00 10.28 15.84 18.34 18.98 17.87 16.12 16.60 20.43 20.44 19.46 19.29 14.75 16.02 -36.83 -39.22 31.60 61.24 86.71 94.40

NET IMPORTS – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 1 200 1 000 800 600 EU-28

400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

38

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.1.2 Net Imports

By Fuel

Gases

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Electricity

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Petroleum and Products

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Net imports

2013

909.0 100 %

523.6 58 %

252.6 28 %

126.6 14 %

4.9 1 %

1.1 0 %

48.75 6.38 11.79 2.30 204.59 0.85 12.34 16.43 88.73 125.09 4.09 124.72 2.34 2.63 5.30 4.20 11.90 2.14 24.34 21.04 25.34 17.10 6.02 3.26 10.28 16.60 16.02 94.40

29.83 3.72 8.26 -1.01 107.80 0.90 6.90 12.68 55.96 79.36 2.47 54.15 2.31 1.65 2.34 2.79 4.83 2.14 43.32 11.32 20.99 10.81 3.96 2.35 2.96 9.05 13.78 27.98

14.47 2.23 6.96 -0.77 63.54 0.56 3.71 3.24 25.72 38.01 0.73 50.56 0.00 1.39 2.17 0.89 5.56 0.00 -28.86 5.29 10.18 3.81 1.17 0.69 4.60 2.86 0.96 32.92

3.07 0.97 -1.91 2.85 36.30 -0.01 1.47 0.23 7.57 11.63 0.74 13.46 0.00 0.06 0.28 0.05 0.69 0.00 9.06 3.12 -5.48 2.53 1.09 0.26 2.78 3.35 1.83 30.56

0.56 -0.01 -0.08 1.14 -0.28 -0.29 0.09 0.13 0.06 0.25 -0.24 2.93 0.03 -0.65 -0.07 0.05 -0.19 0.00 -0.89 0.68 0.03 -0.32 -0.02 0.06 -0.06 -0.02 0.31 1.70

0.83 -0.53 -1.45 0.09 -2.77 -0.31 0.18 0.16 -0.58 -4.17 0.39 3.62 0.00 0.12 0.60 0.43 1.02 0.00 1.57 0.63 -0.39 0.24 -0.17 -0.10 0.01 1.35 -0.86 1.24

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

39

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.2 Net Imports

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

700 600 500 400 300 200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Petroleum and Products Wastes, Non-Renewable

Gases Renewables

Solid Fuels Electricity

NET IMPORTS – by Fuel – EU-28 – 2013 (% Total) Total = 909 Mtoe 14 %

28 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

40

58 %

Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels Renewables (0 %) Electricity (0 %) Wastes, Non-Renewable (0 %)

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption

All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 1 671.11 1 726.84 1 824.73 1 760.61 1 686.08 1 666.32 100 % 103 % 109 % 105 % 101 % 100 % 53.94 22.69 41.71 20.20 341.64 5.53 11.06 23.87 102.08 241.78 7.07 161.77 1.97 4.62 8.64 3.32 26.18 0.76 72.67 27.07 98.83 20.64 46.31 6.07 17.72 29.28 51.47 222.25

59.30 18.52 41.09 19.74 342.33 4.97 14.43 28.29 123.64 257.54 7.79 174.22 2.41 3.86 7.06 3.65 25.30 0.80 75.57 28.98 88.65 25.29 36.65 6.45 18.30 32.53 48.90 230.56

59.01 19.75 45.12 19.56 341.91 5.62 15.27 31.41 144.22 276.67 8.89 187.47 2.54 4.59 8.71 4.80 27.61 0.97 81.47 34.35 92.23 27.48 39.21 7.33 19.03 34.53 50.99 234.01

61.35 17.77 44.68 20.04 332.97 6.15 15.19 28.73 130.00 267.62 8.56 174.76 2.74 4.63 6.79 4.64 25.81 0.92 86.61 34.59 100.73 24.28 35.80 7.24 17.86 37.12 50.78 212.25

54.77 18.23 42.82 17.98 318.62 6.12 13.80 27.65 127.84 258.35 8.12 166.31 2.52 4.54 7.10 4.46 23.55 0.97 81.78 33.73 97.75 22.47 35.37 7.00 16.70 34.71 49.81 203.04

56.73 16.76 42.19 18.10 324.27 6.70 13.74 24.36 118.78 259.30 7.83 160.01 2.19 4.47 6.69 4.34 22.74 0.84 81.17 33.76 98.16 22.61 32.35 6.87 17.26 33.93 49.13 201.05

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28

500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

41

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption

By Fuel

14.40 2.39 6.95 3.33 72.89 0.56 3.87 3.24 26.08 39.01 2.28 57.39 0.00 1.21 2.17 0.89 7.71 0.00 33.24 7.01 13.73 3.76 9.79 0.69 4.81 2.86 0.96 65.68

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

42

Electricity

23.09 3.49 8.58 6.75 109.95 1.08 6.76 11.34 50.31 78.14 3.21 57.50 2.05 1.41 2.42 2.78 5.75 0.83 33.34 12.17 22.85 10.48 8.38 2.40 3.34 8.39 12.00 67.83

Waste, Non-Renewable

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Renewables

386.9 23.2 %

Nuclear

Gases

556.6 33.4 %

Solid Fuels

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Petroleum and Products

2013

286.5 17.2 %

226.3 13.6 %

196.8 11.8 %

12.1 0.7 %

1.1 0.1 %

3.22 11.00 5.92 3.67 16.38 7.96 3.14 0.00 81.61 25.10 4.42 0.00 2.02 0.00 6.98 0.00 10.78 14.63 12.45 109.29 0.68 0.00 13.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.05 0.00 2.34 3.98 0.00 0.00 8.11 0.75 3.33 0.00 52.96 0.00 2.65 0.00 5.76 3.00 1.35 1.37 3.45 4.11 5.10 6.09 2.22 17.14 37.26 18.21

3.49 1.81 3.57 4.38 33.40 0.85 0.85 2.62 17.41 23.30 1.27 26.37 0.13 1.61 1.21 0.16 1.89 0.01 3.37 9.99 8.56 5.31 5.55 1.13 1.41 9.92 17.08 10.10

0.70 0.01 0.22 0.40 4.11 0.10 0.06 0.02 0.15 1.27 0.01 1.14 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.80 0.64 0.45 0.17 0.04 0.04 0.13 0.21 0.59 0.73

0.83 -0.53 -1.45 0.09 -2.77 -0.31 0.18 0.16 -0.58 -4.17 0.39 3.62 0.00 0.12 0.60 0.43 1.02 0.00 1.57 0.63 -0.39 0.24 -0.17 -0.10 0.01 1.35 -0.86 1.24

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption Renewables

Hydro

Wind

Solar

Geothermal

Tide, Wave and Ocean

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Biomass and Renewable Wastes

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Renewables

2013

196.8 11.8 %

128.1 7.7 %

31.9 1.9 %

20.2 1.2 %

10.6 0.6 %

5.9 0.4 %

0.0 0.0 %

3.49 1.81 3.57 4.38 33.40 0.85 0.85 2.62 17.41 23.30 1.27 26.37 0.13 1.61 1.21 0.16 1.89 0.01 3.37 9.99 8.56 5.31 5.55 1.13 1.41 9.92 17.08 10.10

2.90 1.18 3.10 3.35 23.58 0.80 0.40 1.20 6.92 15.12 0.52 13.51 0.04 1.35 1.11 0.13 1.69 0.01 2.78 5.85 7.80 2.81 3.81 0.67 0.93 8.75 10.95 6.89

0.03 0.35 0.24 0.00 1.98 0.00 0.05 0.55 3.16 6.06 0.69 4.54 0.00 0.25 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 3.61 0.21 1.18 1.29 0.40 0.42 1.10 5.28 0.40

0.31 0.12 0.04 0.96 4.45 0.05 0.39 0.36 4.64 1.38 0.04 1.28 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.48 0.27 0.52 1.03 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.85 2.45

0.25 0.14 0.19 0.07 3.25 0.00 0.01 0.50 2.68 0.49 0.01 2.02 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.23 0.02 0.11 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.37

0.00 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.23 0.01 5.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.18 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

43

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

700 600 500 400 300 200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Petroleum and Products Nuclear

Solid Fuels Renewables

Gases Wastes, Non-Renewable

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – by Fuel – EU-28 – 2013 (% Total) Total = 1 666 Mtoe

1 % 12 % 33 %

14 %

17 % 23 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

44

Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Other (0%)

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2 Imports 2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 116.2 100 %

2000 131.7 113 %

2005 153.5 132 %

2010 136.5 117 %

2012 150.9 130 %

2013 165.3 142 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

10.34 2.42 1.84 7.68 12.26 0.35 1.90 0.92 8.67 9.60 0.15 13.09 0.01 0.17 0.16 0.49 1.65 0.00 11.52 2.64 1.08 3.86 3.07 0.19 4.18 3.86 2.80 11.34

8.33 2.38 1.04 3.86 22.20 0.33 1.70 0.81 13.35 13.55 0.49 13.22 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.11 1.21 0.00 14.06 3.06 1.02 3.97 1.93 0.24 3.47 3.55 2.43 15.23

5.92 2.57 1.35 3.56 26.57 0.07 1.91 0.40 14.83 14.14 0.62 16.52 0.04 0.08 0.18 0.08 1.45 0.00 13.02 3.99 2.15 3.23 2.96 0.33 3.90 3.36 2.58 27.71

4.28 1.75 2.23 2.68 32.55 0.05 0.96 0.40 7.85 12.37 0.70 14.51 0.01 0.12 0.22 0.07 1.41 0.00 12.82 3.36 8.27 1.63 1.28 0.28 3.22 3.98 2.57 16.90

3.76 1.55 1.84 2.32 33.27 0.05 1.34 0.19 12.96 11.09 0.56 15.98 0.00 0.09 0.24 0.05 1.27 0.00 14.98 3.33 6.13 3.03 1.27 0.30 3.20 2.67 1.73 27.74

3.71 1.01 2.00 2.88 37.43 0.04 1.48 0.23 8.08 11.76 0.75 13.63 0.00 0.07 0.31 0.05 1.12 0.00 28.06 3.12 6.46 2.53 1.09 0.27 2.87 3.40 1.85 31.07

IMPORTS – SOLID FUELS – TOTAL – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 200 150 100

EU-28

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

45

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels Hard Coal Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 105.8 100 %

2000 120.7 114 %

2005 144.1 136 %

2010 127.4 120 %

2012 143.9 136 %

2013 157.1 148 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

9.44 2.35 1.63 7.65 9.50 0.05 1.87 0.92 8.09 8.91 0.07 12.58 0.01 0.17 0.16 0.13 1.23 0.00 11.00 2.05 1.05 3.84 3.01 0.14 3.10 3.67 2.37 10.87

7.46 2.25 0.63 3.82 17.39 0.06 1.68 0.81 13.25 12.49 0.44 12.87 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.10 1.12 0.00 13.63 2.34 1.01 3.97 1.65 0.20 3.15 3.21 2.14 14.90

5.70 2.49 0.76 3.54 23.93 0.04 1.88 0.40 14.74 13.00 0.57 15.94 0.04 0.07 0.16 0.07 1.30 0.00 12.69 3.00 2.05 3.22 2.42 0.30 3.48 3.01 2.22 27.09

4.09 1.70 1.29 2.67 29.33 0.05 0.95 0.40 7.71 11.41 0.66 14.50 0.01 0.11 0.18 0.06 1.40 0.00 12.54 2.47 8.16 1.63 0.52 0.23 2.57 3.68 2.29 16.82

3.52 1.51 1.11 2.30 30.93 0.05 1.33 0.18 12.84 10.36 0.52 15.98 0.00 0.09 0.19 0.05 1.26 0.00 14.77 2.49 5.98 3.03 0.76 0.24 2.80 2.43 1.56 27.59

3.46 0.96 1.27 2.86 34.92 0.04 1.46 0.22 7.96 11.09 0.71 13.00 0.00 0.07 0.25 0.04 1.11 0.00 27.93 2.21 6.27 2.53 0.56 0.20 2.58 3.14 1.74 30.50

IMPORTS – SOLID FUELS – Hard Coal – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 200 150 100

EU-28

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

46

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels Ranking Mtoe and %

1995

Imports

13.1 12.3 11.5 11.3 10.3 9.6 8.7 7.7 4.2 3.9 58.5

11.3 % 10.5 % 9.9 % 9.8 % 8.9 % 8.3 % 7.5 % 6.6 % 3.6 % 3.3 % 50.4 %

DE UK NL IT FR ES PL BE FI AT

37.4 31.1 28.1 13.6 11.8 8.1 6.5 3.7 3.4 3.1 121.9

24.8 % 20.6 % 18.6 % 9.0 % 7.8 % 5.4 % 4.3 % 2.5 % 2.3 % 2.1 % 80.8 %

116.2

100.0 %

150.9

100.0 %

12.6 11.0 10.9 9.5 9.4 8.9 8.1 7.6 3.8 3.7 53.4

11.9 % 10.4 % 10.3 % 9.0 % 8.9 % 8.4 % 7.6 % 7.2 % 3.6 % 3.5 % 50.4 %

34.9 30.5 27.9 13.0 11.1 8.0 6.3 3.5 3.1 2.9 117.4

24.3 % 21.2 % 19.4 % 9.0 % 7.7 % 5.5 % 4.4 % 2.4 % 2.2 % 2.0 % 81.6 %

105.8

100.0 %

143.9

100.0 %

Imports

Solid Fuels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

IT DE NL UK BE FR ES DK SK PT

Total

Total

IT NL UK DE BE FR ES DK PT FI

EU-28 Share

MS

MS

Of which: Hard Coal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

2013 EU-28 Share

Top 10 Ranking

DE UK NL IT FR ES PL BE FI DK

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

47

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels

By Member State – Top 14 importers 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

DE

UK

NL

IT

FR

ES 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

PL

BE

FI

AT

DK

SK

PT

CZ 0

10

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

48

20

30

40

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels

By Member State – Least 14 importers 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

SE

IE

HU

RO

BG

HR 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

LT

SI

EL

LV

LU

EE

CY

MT 0

1

2

3

4

5

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

49

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 801.8 100 %

2000 870.6 109 %

44.80 7.96 8.89 10.32 146.77 1.17 6.80 21.43 67.52 102.35 4.49 106.72 2.03 2.14 5.32 1.78 7.59 0.84 90.77 11.04 15.42 17.96 11.18 2.35 5.11 12.48 26.90 59.68

53.06 5.97 8.60 9.88 147.99 0.93 9.56 23.81 78.17 114.09 4.19 109.37 2.53 1.35 5.41 2.39 7.09 1.46 106.45 12.31 20.98 17.48 6.30 2.69 6.01 15.52 27.93 69.14

2005 954.8 119 %

2010 918.6 115 %

2012 904.7 113 %

2013 895.7 112 %

58.48 56.62 54.47 56.90 7.55 7.60 7.94 8.18 10.90 10.61 10.18 10.03 8.69 9.38 9.96 12.32 147.38 128.40 125.19 127.87 1.16 1.16 2.26 1.68 10.14 9.17 8.31 8.12 26.44 27.04 28.28 26.99 87.72 80.31 78.74 77.88 122.89 106.18 101.40 98.66 5.50 4.94 4.04 4.05 108.86 97.92 86.63 79.04 2.79 2.91 2.61 2.31 2.28 1.94 2.18 2.35 9.61 10.22 10.28 10.85 3.16 2.86 2.85 2.80 8.79 8.37 7.54 7.67 1.63 2.38 2.19 2.29 125.39 149.88 151.68 147.80 15.38 13.71 13.47 13.80 24.45 28.70 29.31 27.89 19.55 15.30 14.45 16.42 9.88 8.46 7.98 7.89 2.85 3.28 3.49 3.31 6.92 6.66 6.45 7.08 15.75 16.06 16.66 18.24 27.30 27.94 27.38 23.87 83.33 80.59 88.79 89.41

IMPORTS – PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS – Total – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 1 500 1 000 500 EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

50

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products

Crude and NGL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 565.3 100 %

2000 610.8 108 %

2005 636.4 113 %

2010 574.4 102 %

2012 568.6 101 %

2013 541.4 96 %

26.34 34.19 31.88 7.39 5.18 5.84 7.06 5.68 7.70 5.43 3.77 2.71 102.37 104.69 111.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.27 2.98 3.16 15.51 19.60 18.92 55.34 57.70 59.94 78.65 86.84 85.36 4.23 3.95 4.02 73.82 83.27 89.91 0.80 1.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.10 4.86 9.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.89 5.88 6.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 60.76 61.20 62.88 7.57 7.29 7.86 11.95 17.48 17.74 13.04 11.63 13.46 8.31 4.76 8.86 0.49 0.13 0.00 5.09 5.74 5.47 8.51 11.74 10.57 19.50 21.97 19.49 41.91 49.11 53.56

33.28 5.36 7.83 2.69 92.31 0.00 3.08 20.39 52.69 65.14 3.56 79.64 0.00 0.00 9.16 0.00 5.67 0.00 61.38 6.69 22.52 11.39 6.11 0.00 5.29 11.21 19.62 49.38

31.54 5.77 7.19 3.72 92.49 0.00 2.95 21.29 58.92 57.46 2.36 70.02 0.00 0.00 8.65 0.00 5.44 0.00 58.38 7.54 24.16 11.25 5.25 0.00 5.20 11.86 20.27 56.96

28.03 5.51 6.67 4.68 89.62 0.00 2.93 19.58 57.98 56.59 2.49 59.42 0.00 0.00 9.09 0.00 5.38 0.00 56.15 7.86 23.22 12.49 5.44 0.00 5.71 12.09 16.37 54.08

IMPORTS – PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS – Crude and NGL – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 700 600 500 400 300

EU-28

200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

51

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products Ranking Mtoe and %



1995

2013 MS

Imports

146.8 106.7 102.3 90.8 67.5 59.7 44.8 26.9 21.4 18.0 514.1

18.3 % 13.3 % 12.8 % 11.3 % 8.4 % 7.4 % 5.6 % 3.4 % 2.7 % 2.2 % 64.1 %

NL DE FR UK IT ES BE PL EL SE

147.8 127.9 98.7 89.4 79.0 77.9 56.9 27.9 27.0 23.9 542.8

16.3 % 14.1 % 10.9 % 9.9 % 8.7 % 8.6 % 6.3 % 3.1 % 3.0 % 2.6 % 60.0 %

904.7

100.0 %

89.6 59.4 58.0 56.2 56.6 54.1 28.0 23.2 19.6 16.4 319.8

15.8 % 10.5 % 10.2 % 9.9 % 10.0 % 9.5 % 4.9 % 4.1 % 3.4 % 2.9 % 56.2 %

568.6

100.0 %

MS

Imports

Petroleum and Products 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

DE IT FR NL ES UK BE SE EL PT

Total

801.8

100.0 %

Of which: Crude and NGL 1 DE 2 FR 3 IT 4 NL 5 ES 6 UK 7 BE 8 SE 9 EL 10 PT Top 5 Total

102.4 78.7 73.8 60.8 55.3 41.9 26.3 19.5 15.5 13.0 370.9

18.1 % 13.9 % 13.1 % 10.7 % 9.8 % 7.4 % 4.7 % 3.4 % 2.7 % 2.3 % 65.6 %

Total

565.3

100.0 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

52

EU-28 Share

EU-28 Share

Top 10 Ranking

DE IT ES NL FR UK BE PL EL SE

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products

By Member State – Top 14 importers 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

NL

DE

FR

UK

IT

ES 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

BE

PL

EL

SE

FI

PT

AT

DK 0

50

100

150

200

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

53

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products

By Member State – Least 14 importers 1990-2013 (Mtoe) LT

CZ

BG

IE

RO

HU 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

SK

HR

SI

LU

LV

CY

MT

0

5

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

54

10

15

20

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.3 Imports – Gases Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 180.12 242.37 323.74 366.01 345.43 340.54 100 % 135 % 180 % 203 % 192 % 189 % 10.42 4.56 6.43 0.00 55.32 0.58 0.09 0.00 7.52 28.11 0.22 28.56 0.00 1.00 2.03 0.56 5.53 0.00 2.76 5.42 5.84 0.00 4.79 0.75 4.53 2.84 0.76 1.51

13.28 2.74 7.48 0.00 61.09 0.66 2.48 1.69 15.47 36.46 0.91 47.05 0.00 1.11 2.07 0.67 7.35 0.00 12.48 5.27 6.64 2.04 2.71 0.82 5.71 3.42 0.78 2.01

14.82 2.46 7.60 0.00 78.90 0.80 3.01 2.33 30.25 41.62 0.93 60.16 0.00 1.43 2.49 1.18 9.81 0.00 16.44 8.03 8.57 3.89 4.19 0.93 6.05 3.60 0.84 13.42

19.55 2.13 6.98 0.14 78.80 0.56 4.48 3.23 31.96 42.11 0.87 61.72 0.00 0.90 2.49 1.20 7.91 0.00 18.45 10.30 8.91 4.51 1.82 0.86 5.00 3.84 1.47 45.86

15.25 2.04 6.11 0.82 74.09 0.55 3.84 3.67 30.51 42.36 1.10 55.47 0.00 1.38 2.66 1.05 6.75 0.00 18.70 11.63 10.04 3.92 2.30 0.71 3.96 3.01 1.01 42.53

15.26 2.23 6.97 1.20 81.95 0.56 3.71 3.24 30.80 38.01 1.03 50.75 0.00 1.39 2.17 0.89 6.77 0.00 19.35 8.53 10.26 3.81 1.17 0.69 4.61 2.86 0.96 41.41

IMPORTS – GASES – TOTAL – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 400 300 200

EU-28

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

55

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.3 Imports – Gases Ranking Mtoe and %



1995

2013

EU-28 Ranking

MS

Imports

EU-28 Share

MS

Imports

EU-28 Share

Gases 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Top 5 Total

DE IT FR BE ES CZ PL HU AT RO BG SK FI NL LT UK LV SE SI EE LU HR IE DK EL CY MT PT

55.3 28.6 28.1 10.4 7.5 6.4 5.8 5.5 5.4 4.8 4.6 4.5 2.8 2.8 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 129.9

30.7  % 15.9 % 15.6 % 5.8 % 4.2 % 3.6 % 3.2 % 3.1 % 3.0 % 2.7 % 2.5 % 2.5 % 1.6 % 1.5 % 1.1 % 0.8 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 72.1 %

DE IT UK FR ES NL BE AT PL HU CZ SK PT IE EL FI LT RO BG LV HR LU SE DK SI EE CY MT

81.9 50.8 41.4 38.0 30.8 19.3 15.3 8.5 10.3 6.8 7.0 4.6 3.8 3.7 3.2 2.9 2.2 1.2 2.2 1.4 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 242.9

23.7 % 14.7 % 12.0 % 11.0 % 8.9 % 5.6 % 4.4 % 2.5 % 3.0 % 2.0 % 2.0 % 1.3 % 1.1 % 1.1 % 0.9 % 0.8 % 0.6 % 0.3 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 70.3 %

180.1

100.0 %

345.4

100.0 %

Total

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

56

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.3 Imports – Gases

By Member State – Top 14 importers 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

DE

IT

UK

FR

ES

NL 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

BE

PL

AT

CZ

HU

SK

PT

IE 0

25

50

75

100

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

57

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.3 Imports – Gases

By Member State – Least 14 importers 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

EL

FI

BG

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

LT

LV

DK

RO

HR

SE

LU

SI

EE

CY

MT 0

1

2

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

58

3

4

5

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.4 Imports – Electricity Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 17.0 100 %

2000 22.9 135 %

2005 28.8 170 %

2010 25.7 151 %

2012 31.2 184 %

2013 30.1 177 %

0.81 0.17 0.58 0.35 3.42 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.66 0.25 0.38 3.32 0.00 0.23 0.45 0.49 0.28 0.00 1.03 0.63 0.38 0.23 0.07 0.06 0.30 0.73 0.66 1.41

1.00 0.08 0.75 0.72 3.88 0.03 0.02 0.15 1.06 0.32 0.38 3.86 0.00 0.18 0.44 0.55 0.82 0.00 1.97 1.19 0.28 0.40 0.07 0.36 0.51 1.05 1.57 1.23

1.23 0.07 1.06 1.11 4.89 0.03 0.18 0.48 0.88 0.69 0.75 4.32 0.00 0.25 0.49 0.55 1.35 0.00 2.04 1.75 0.43 0.83 0.20 0.80 0.69 1.54 1.25 0.96

1.07 0.10 0.57 0.91 3.69 0.10 0.07 0.73 0.45 1.68 1.07 3.95 0.00 0.34 0.70 0.63 0.85 0.00 1.34 1.71 0.54 0.50 0.07 0.74 0.63 1.35 1.28 0.61

1.45 0.20 1.00 1.37 3.98 0.23 0.07 0.51 0.67 1.05 1.13 3.90 0.00 0.42 0.69 0.58 1.46 0.00 2.77 2.00 0.84 0.93 0.34 0.64 1.16 1.64 1.00 1.18

1.48 0.29 0.91 0.99 3.37 0.23 0.22 0.50 0.85 1.01 0.97 3.81 0.00 0.43 0.69 0.59 1.43 0.00 2.86 2.15 0.67 0.70 0.24 0.65 0.92 1.51 1.09 1.51

IMPORTS – ELECTRICITY – TOTAL – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 40 30 20

EU-28

10

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

59

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.4 Imports – Electricity Ranking Mtoe and %



1995

Imports

3.4 3.3 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0

20.1 % 19.6 % 8.3 % 6.1 % 4.8 % 4.3 % 3.9 % 3.9 % 3.7 % 3.4 % 2.9 % 2.7 % 2.2 % 2.2 % 2.0 % 1.7 % 1.6 % 1.4 % 1.3 % 1.3 % 1.0 % 0.7 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 58.7 %

DE IT NL AT FI HU BE DK UK SK HR FR SE CZ PT PL LT ES SI LU EL LV RO EE BG IE CY MT

3.4 3.8 2.9 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.5 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 13.7

10.8 % 12.2 % 9.2 % 6.9 % 4.8 % 4.6 % 4.8 % 3.2 % 4.8 % 3.0 % 3.1 % 3.2 % 3.5 % 2.9 % 2.2 % 2.1 % 2.2 % 2.7 % 2.1 % 1.9 % 1.6 % 1.4 % 0.8 % 0.7 % 0.9 % 0.7 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 43.9 %

17.0

100.0 %

31.2

100.0 %

Imports

Electricity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Top 5 Total

DE IT UK NL BE FI SE ES AT CZ LU LT HR PL DK SK HU FR LV PT BG EL RO SI EE IE CY MT

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

60

EU-28 Share

MS

MS

Total

2013 EU-28 Share

EU-28 Ranking

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.4 Imports – Electricity

By Member State – Top 14 importers 1990-2013 (Mtoe) IT

DE

NL

AT

FI

UK 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

BE

HU

SE

FR

DK

HR

SK

CZ 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

61

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.4 Imports – Electricity

By Member State – Least 14 importers 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

ES

PT

LT

PL

SI

LU 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013

EL

LV

BG

RO

EE

IE

CY

MT 0

0.2

0.4

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

62

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – Hard coal TOP 15 EXTRA-EU SUPPLIERS – (ordered by 2013 volume) kton Russia Colombia United States Australia South Africa Not specified Indonesia Canada Ukraine Norway Mozambique Kazakhstan Venezuela China (except Hong Kong) Bosnia and Herzegovina Other kton Extra-EU

1995 8 800 11 161 41 118 19 533 32 091 6 603 3 403 4 237 348 329 0 262 2 821 2 443 0 421

2000 14 971 22 763 20 665 28 608 41 923 5 229 9 102 6 378 2 058 928 107 0 3 621 1 853 0 606

2005 48 780 24 236 15 736 27 119 51 970 3 358 14 946 6 642 4 229 1 124 0 932 2 003 587 0 258

2010 48 674 36 144 30 518 19 251 17 622 7 594 10 158 3 637 3 178 1 385 0 332 685 61 27 133

2012 55 482 51 235 49 712 16 054 13 702 10 163 9 992 3 610 3 217 600 99 615 1 079 76 14 44

2013 66 836 52 829 51 110 17 368 16 225 10 676 7 201 4 094 3 173 1 335 657 569 541 69 4 6

133 570 158 812 201 920 179 399 215 694 232 693

Intra-EU

30 108

Total Extra and Intra-EU

31 206

26 520

21 870

15 669

19 161

163 678 190 018 228 440 201 269 231 363 251 854

EU-28 – Hard coal – TOP 5 IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU SUPPLIERS (1990-2013) Volume (kton) 80 000 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Russia South Africa

Colombia

United-States

Australia

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

63

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – Crude Oil and NGL TOP 15 EXTRA-EU SUPPLIERS – (ordered by 2013 volume) kton Russia Norway Saudi Arabia Nigeria Kazakhstan Libya Azerbaijan Algeria Iraq Angola Mexico Not specified Egypt Venezuela Colombia Other kton

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 76 319 120 185 191 514 182 941 177 747 167 907 102 203 115 904 97 610 73 428 61 293 60 737 82 419 65 143 60 748 30 774 46 210 42 962 28 597 22 532 18 618 21 796 42 806 40 295 78 9 993 26 386 29 705 27 424 29 445 47 978 45 883 50 681 53 754 43 740 28 133 0 3 712 7 255 22 922 20 241 23 929 17 031 21 417 22 776 8 256 16 876 21 270 0 31 331 12 290 16 952 21 536 18 153 4 756 3 862 7 065 8 483 10 563 14 592 7 246 9 770 10 647 6 783 9 104 9 300 35 509 11 074 43 180 272 5 805 6 950 5 579 1 716 4 654 4 366 5 354 9 923 6 946 6 989 5 002 6 195 5 193 0 0 0 721 4 637 5 090 90 789 70 062 70 204 64 908 39 629 29 689

Extra-EU

509 798 543 393 584 542 531 259 532 639 507 854

Intra-EU

50 291

Total Extra and Intra-EU

62 313

48 272

39 637

32 570

29 277

560 089 605 706 632 814 570 896 565 209 537 131

Mio barrels Extra-EU

3 738

3 984

4 285

3 895

3 905

Intra-EU

369

457

354

291

239

215

4 106

4 441

4 639

4 185

4 144

3 938

Total Extra and Intra-EU

3 723

EU-28 – Crude Oil and NGL – TOP 5 IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU SUPPLIERS (1990-2013) Volume (kton) 240 000 200 000 160 000 120 000 80 000 40 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Russia Kazakhstan

Norway

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

64

Saudi Arabia

Nigeria

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – Natural Gas TOP 8 EXTRA-EU SUPPLIERS – (ordered by 2013 volume) TJ (GCV) 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Russia 4 245 121 4 581 814 5 207 204 4 184 223 4 101 726 4 840 727 Norway 1 159 830 1 921 081 3 040 181 3 905 622 3 996 516 3 665 682 Algeria 1 362 649 2 203 075 2 256 826 1 986 974 1 737 581 1 593 028 Not specified 58 588 332 289 937 105 1 334 034 857 649 831 925 Qatar 0 12 443 195 713 1 383 263 1 087 554 828 946 Nigeria 0 172 020 436 319 576 236 455 364 223 039 Libya 54 497 33 442 209 499 381 660 246 469 217 361 Trinidad and 0 36 334 29 673 206 167 112 065 94 606 Tobago Other 101 764 290 878 1 151 170 1 399 138 1 033 105 648 125 Extra-EU

6 927 952 9 341 580 12 788 199 14 193 254 12 814 131 12 408 433

Intra-EU 1 451 229 1 933 316 2 272 283 2 833 535 3 255 086 3 433 489 Total Extra and Intra-EU 8 379 181 11 274 896 15 060 482 17 026 789 16 069 217 15 841 922 Mio m3 Russia 112 079 120 688 136 237 109 870 106 703 125 745 Norway 28 929 47 813 79 189 100 801 103 404 95 216 Algeria* 33 698 55 607 57 075 50 360 44 100 40 011 Not specified 1 473 8 126 23 827 33 969 22 254 21 527 Qatar 0 309 4 859 34 834 27 717 21 067 Libya 1 353 830 5 445 9 980 6 469 5 705 Nigeria 0 4 385 10 586 14 022 11 150 5 509 Trinidad 0 902 751 5 142 2 781 2 361 and Tobago Other 1 184 1 272 11 962 5 856 5 472 2 840 Extra-EU Intra-EU Total Extra and Intra-EU

178 716

239 932

329 931

364 834

330 050

41 164

54 116

59 648

74 366

84 764

319 981 89 135

219 880

294 048

389 579

439 200

414 814

409 116

EU-28 – Natural Gas – TOP 5 IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU SUPPLIERS (1990-2013) Russia Norway Algeria* Volume (Mio m³) 140 000

Not specified

Qatar

120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

* DG ENERGY calculations. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

65

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.3 Energy Import Dependency 2.3.1 Import Dependency – All Fuels (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 43.0 Index 1995 100.0  Imports from Intra and Extra-EU BE 80.9 BG 55.9 CZ 20.6 DK 33.4 DE 56.8 EE 32.3 IE 69.5 EL 66.7 ES 71.7 FR 48.0 HR 40.6 IT 81.9 CY 100.5 LV 70.4 LT 63.1 LU 97.7 HU 47.9 MT 104.8 NL 17.7 AT 66.4 PL -1.2 PT 85.3 RO 30.3 SI 50.9 SK 68.5 FI 53.5 SE 38.9 UK -16.4

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter. Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

66

2000 46.7 108.5

2005 52.2 121.4

2010 52.8 122.6

2012 53.3 124.0

2013 53.2 123.6

78.1 46.0 22.9 -35.0 59.4 32.2 84.9 69.5 76.6 51.5 52.9 86.5 98.6 61.0 59.4 99.6 55.2 100.3 38.0 65.4 9.9 85.1 21.8 52.8 65.6 55.2 40.7 -16.9

80.1 46.7 28.0 -49.8 60.4 26.1 89.6 68.6 81.4 51.6 58.4 84.5 100.7 63.9 56.8 97.3 63.1 100.0 37.7 71.3 17.2 88.6 27.6 52.5 65.3 54.2 36.8 13.4

78.0 39.6 25.6 -15.7 60.1 13.6 86.5 69.1 76.7 49.0 52.1 84.3 100.8 45.5 81.8 97.0 58.1 99.0 30.4 62.4 31.3 75.1 21.9 49.3 62.9 47.9 36.6 28.5

76.1 36.1 25.3 -3.0 61.3 17.0 84.8 66.5 73.0 48.0 53.6 79.3 97.0 56.4 80.3 97.4 52.3 101.0 30.7 63.7 30.7 78.9 22.7 51.7 59.9 46.3 28.6 42.2

77.5 37.8 27.9 12.3 62.7 11.9 89.0 62.1 70.5 47.9 52.3 76.9 96.5 55.8 78.3 96.9 52.3 104.1 26.0 62.3 25.8 73.5 18.6 47.1 59.6 48.7 31.6 46.4

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.3.2 Import Dependency – By Fuel

EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – 1990-2013 (%)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

All Fuels Natural Gas

Solid Fuels

Hard Coal

Crude and NGL

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

67

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.3.3 Import Dependency – Solid Fuels (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 21.5 Index 1995 100.0 Imports from Intra and Extra-EU BE 108.9 BG 31.8 CZ -25.5 DK 117.9 DE 11.2 EE 8.4 IE 64.9 EL 11.0 ES 45.4 FR 56.8 HR 85.7 IT 105.9 CY 100.0 LV 61.6 LT 64.4 LU 100.0 HU 29.5 MT NL 97.8 AT 75.7 PL -30.2 PT 105.8 RO 26.5 SI 13.6 SK 76.7 FI 63.4 SE 95.4 UK 22.2

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter. Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

68

2000 30.6 142.5

2005 39.4 183.5

2010 39.5 184.0

2012 42.2 196.7

2013 44.2 205.7

91.1 35.1 -21.8 94.9 25.5 9.1 64.6 8.5 61.3 86.4 111.1 104.6 100.0 46.2 87.0 100.0 28.2

101.4 37.0 -16.1 94.4 31.7 0.8 70.8 4.1 70.1 94.5 91.4 99.4 119.4 93.9 94.6 100.0 42.8

97.8 24.7 -16.2 69.4 40.1 -0.6 47.8 5.1 85.1 101.0 102.3 100.9 64.7 102.8 92.0 100.0 41.9

94.4 21.4 -13.0 93.6 40.0 0.3 55.7 2.3 76.5 95.1 87.8 96.7

95.1 16.4 -11.6 90.7 44.5 -0.1 72.4 3.2 70.3 93.4 110.1 96.2

94.6 89.3 100.0 36.8

87.7 99.6 100.0 29.5

101.9 83.9 -29.1 102.9 25.6 18.7 80.2 68.9 98.3 39.6

101.4 99.3 -23.9 96.3 33.4 21.0 88.4 67.7 97.2 72.1

121.5 99.8 -5.2 98.3 17.6 19.2 75.7 57.8 102.2 52.2

83.6 103.4 -6.5 103.3 16.6 21.5 89.7 57.7 78.2 69.5

111.6 93.8 -10.4 95.4 18.9 19.5 80.6 65.7 82.4 82.0

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.3.4 Import Dependency – Hard Coal (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 29.7 Index 1995 100.0 Imports from Intra and Extra-EU BE 108.5 BG 73.0 CZ -34.2 DK 118.0 DE 17.1 EE 101.9 IE 105.9 EL 95.2 ES 48.5 FR 58.0 HR 73.9 IT 105.6 CY 100.0 LV 93.6 LT 69.1 LU 100.0 HU 103.5 MT NL 97.4 AT 88.3 PL -31.7 PT 105.9 RO 81.7 SI 100.0 SK 92.9 FI 89.0 SE 101.6 UK 21.8

2000 42.6 143.2

2005 55.7 187.4

2010 57.9 195.0

2012 62.6 210.7

2013 64.6 217.3

90.4 100.5 -56.1 94.7 39.2 116.4 93.2 105.9 66.8 87.3 112.9 105.7 100.0 81.8 100.0 100.0 99.0

100.9 94.7 -49.4 94.3 57.5 97.2 100.8 112.5 74.4 92.9 90.5 99.7 119.4 97.3 102.6 100.0 105.1

100.2 88.2 -58.0 69.3 73.7 117.9 79.3 100.3 85.0 100.6 102.7 101.5 64.7 106.7 95.3 100.0 99.5

94.1 107.2 -47.5 93.6 79.1 123.8 90.5 76.0 77.6 93.5 87.3 96.8

93.7 89.0 -40.6 90.6 86.0 95.0 111.1 110.2 70.3 91.9 110.7 95.5

98.9 95.7 100.0 97.5

91.4 108.5 100.0 98.8

101.5 91.6 -29.9 103.4 96.0 100.5 103.8 97.7 107.7 39.4

100.3 106.9 -21.3 96.3 102.2 93.8 105.2 102.6 104.3 71.5

122.3 97.5 3.7 98.2 100.9 101.3 91.9 85.5 115.2 52.3

83.9 104.0 3.0 103.3 97.4 117.7 105.9 85.5 81.5 69.8

113.3 91.3 -1.8 95.5 100.4 97.5 98.4 87.1 89.4 81.6

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter. Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

69

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.3.5 Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 74.0 Index 1995 100.0 Imports from Intra and Extra-EU BE 99.6 BG 99.6 CZ 98.0 DK 11.0 DE 95.8 EE 80.2 IE 100.2 EL 98.4 ES 101.5 FR 96.9 HR 55.6 IT 93.3 CY 102.6 LV 102.6 LT 114.5 LU 98.2 HU 71.0 MT 104.8 NL 84.6 AT 89.3 PL 95.9 PT 100.6 RO 48.6 SI 97.8 SK 100.6 FI 94.8 SE 95.6 UK -57.4

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter. Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

70

2000 75.8 102.4

2005 82.2 111.0

2010 84.4 114.1

2012 86.4 116.8

2013 87.4 118.1

100.2 95.4 95.3 -80.8 94.6 77.4 98.9 100.2 101.0 99.5 61.0 96.1 100.3 94.8 100.4 102.1 76.0 100.3 99.8 89.1 98.7 99.4 34.2 101.5 90.5 103.5 100.8 -54.9

100.8 102.2 97.5 -102.7 97.0 70.8 100.0 97.7 101.2 99.3 79.4 91.8 102.3 102.2 91.9 99.4 81.2 100.1 97.1 91.4 97.5 102.3 38.5 101.2 88.2 98.4 104.0 -3.2

101.4 101.0 96.4 -43.4 95.9 57.5 97.5 98.6 99.9 97.6 80.4 93.5 104.2 94.4 98.7 99.4 84.2 99.2 93.3 89.7 97.0 97.5 51.9 100.0 88.5 89.4 93.6 14.8

99.3 96.9 95.3 -34.9 96.0 60.1 98.6 101.2 96.7 97.8 71.4 90.1 101.0 101.7 92.9 100.5 80.8 101.4 96.7 91.9 95.0 99.2 51.2 105.0 89.1 92.9 95.4 36.1

102.0 103.7 96.4 -13.7 96.1 60.0 100.2 94.2 97.4 98.9 77.1 90.7 101.0 100.3 93.2 100.3 83.9 104.5 94.7 92.9 91.3 97.2 47.0 95.8 88.5 106.2 101.4 39.8

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.3.6 Import Dependency – Crude and NGL (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 73.0 Index 1995 100.0 Imports from Intra and Extra-EU BE 99.8 BG 99.7 CZ 100.2 DK 6.3 DE 96.9 EE IE 100.2 EL 98.8 ES 99.1 FR 95.8 HR 69.2 IT 92.8 CY 96.3 LV LT 99.5 LU HU 71.9 MT NL 93.8 AT 87.6 PL 97.1 PT 100.0 RO 54.9 SI 95.9 SK 101.5 FI 94.1 SE 99.3 UK -47.7

2000 74.5 102.1

2005 81.3 111.4

2010 84.7 116.0

2012 87.9 120.4

2013 88.1 120.7

100.2 98.7 95.2 -120.5 93.8

99.5 97.7 99.3 -141.3 97.3

99.9 99.1 97.5 -68.8 97.0

99.7 99.9 97.3 -31.2 98.1

100.1 100.3 98.0 -20.9 97.8

89.8 99.5 100.6 98.5 72.1 95.1 98.5

98.8 95.2 100.1 98.2 78.9 94.0

101.6 99.5 99.3 98.2 82.2 94.5

95.8 100.7 99.3 99.2 74.3 92.3

103.3 97.1 99.5 99.6 81.1 92.3

94.5

95.3

99.0

98.8

98.7

78.6

81.2

85.2

84.7

85.5

97.7 86.9 99.1 99.0 43.5 87.5 97.6 101.5 100.6 -48.0

96.7 88.5 97.3 100.2 61.3

97.6 86.2 98.4 98.8 56.5

97.2 88.7 97.4 100.0 56.6

97.0 90.5 94.8 102.5 55.8

97.7 97.5 100.4 -0.2

99.9 101.1 99.0 13.1

99.3 100.9 99.3 36.6

101.0 100.7 101.7 33.7

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter. Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

71

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.3.7 Import Dependency – Natural Gas (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 43.4 Index 1995 100.0 Imports from Intra and Extra-EU BE 98.2 BG 99.5 CZ 98.0 DK -47.2 DE 78.6 EE 100.0 IE 3.6 EL 0.0 ES 97.4 FR 93.0 HR 11.6 IT 63.9 CY LV 98.9 LT 100.0 LU 100.0 HU 60.3 MT NL -76.4 AT 84.8 PL 64.6 PT RO 24.9 SI 100.5 SK 86.8 FI 100.0 SE 100.0 UK 1.0

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter. Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

72

2000 48.9 112.7

2005 57.1 131.6

2010 62.2 143.4

2012 65.8 151.7

2013 65.3 150.6

99.3 93.6 99.8 -64.8 79.1 100.0 72.1 99.1 101.6 100.0 41.0 81.1

100.6 87.7 97.8 -113.9 79.6 100.0 86.7 99.1 101.4 99.3 23.7 84.7

98.8 92.7 84.8 -68.3 81.2 100.0 95.7 99.9 99.4 93.0 18.1 90.5

98.6 83.4 89.0 -53.1 85.7 100.0 95.6 100.3 98.2 96.6 37.0 90.2

100.5 93.2 100.2 -23.3 87.2 100.0 95.9 100.0 98.6 97.4 31.9 88.1

101.9 100.0 100.0 75.4

105.6 100.7 100.0 81.1

61.8 99.7 100.0 78.7

113.8 100.1 99.6 72.9

115.5 100.0 99.6 72.1

-49.1 80.6 66.3 100.2 19.8 99.3 98.8 100.0 100.0 -10.7

-59.3 87.7 69.7 103.8 30.1 99.6 97.5 100.0 100.0 7.0

-61.6 74.4 69.3 100.4 16.8 99.3 99.9 100.0 100.0 37.9

-74.5 86.2 73.4 99.7 21.3 99.7 89.8 100.0 100.0 47.2

-86.8 75.5 74.2 101.5 11.9 99.6 95.6 99.9 100.0 50.1

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.4 Energy Transformation 2.4.1 Transformation Input – All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 1 416.1 1 455.5 1 529.0 1 397.5 1 358.6 1 301.9 100 % 103 % 108 % 99 % 96 % 92 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

51.55 23.49 33.11 19.19 268.82 3.70 6.30 27.08 94.09 198.94 6.50 141.98 1.48 1.49 8.46 0.28 20.05 0.45 101.47 15.89 68.92 19.53 36.90 3.30 14.26 25.48 45.28 178.14

61.78 18.20 30.61 16.81 264.63 3.41 8.33 34.06 106.42 218.10 6.64 150.89 2.07 1.09 8.85 0.10 18.95 0.49 104.09 15.19 69.51 19.52 26.90 2.78 15.55 28.50 44.24 177.78

60.71 20.19 35.46 15.38 276.12 3.89 8.06 33.95 114.63 228.54 6.81 165.68 1.08 1.06 13.94 0.58 18.80 0.73 111.18 17.32 69.90 21.87 29.77 3.12 16.64 29.37 46.58 177.63

58.69 18.85 35.04 15.68 250.75 4.68 7.65 33.43 102.18 206.74 5.68 149.97 1.18 1.16 11.29 0.56 19.50 0.57 85.78 16.69 76.00 17.94 23.88 3.08 15.02 33.53 45.86 156.10

55.14 19.19 34.34 13.94 242.61 4.61 7.38 35.60 110.32 193.46 5.32 139.34 1.09 1.04 10.79 0.49 18.12 0.62 81.29 17.01 77.30 18.22 23.18 3.01 14.89 31.16 46.55 152.67

52.19 18.22 33.22 14.04 239.09 5.08 6.77 34.26 102.04 188.53 4.78 120.89 0.88 1.18 11.11 0.34 16.83 0.51 79.00 16.61 77.03 19.87 21.66 2.89 15.48 32.44 43.08 143.89

Transformation Input – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28

500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

73

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.4.2 Transformation Input – By Fuel

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Solid Fuels

Petroleum and Products

Gases

Nuclear

Renewables

Wastes non-RES

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Total, All Products

2013

1 301.9 100.0 %

269.4 20.7 %

630.1 48.4 %

111.5 8.6 %

226.3 17.4 %

54.4 4.2 %

9.1 0.7 %

52.19 18.22 33.22 14.04 239.09 5.08 6.77 34.26 102.04 188.53 4.78 120.89 0.88 1.18 11.11 0.34 16.83 0.51 79.00 16.61 77.03 19.87 21.66 2.89 15.48 32.44 43.08 143.89

2.88 32.49 6.83 6.71 15.39 7.14 3.11 7.33 80.29 101.34 4.34 0.04 1.60 2.88 6.78 25.42 11.04 63.96 9.93 60.20 0.56 3.50 13.27 75.54 0.00 0.87 0.01 0.01 0.02 9.79 0.00 0.00 2.72 7.61 0.00 0.51 7.98 56.98 2.97 9.07 46.38 25.74 2.63 14.59 5.11 10.69 1.28 0.01 3.01 6.72 5.12 15.34 1.83 18.00 34.30 67.67

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

74

3.95 11.00 0.96 3.67 1.68 7.96 1.17 0.00 17.99 25.10 0.35 0.00 2.15 0.00 1.97 0.00 9.05 14.63 4.89 109.29 0.67 0.00 21.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.83 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.29 0.00 1.89 3.98 0.00 0.00 10.32 0.75 2.17 0.00 2.66 0.00 1.70 0.00 2.77 3.00 0.14 1.37 1.09 4.11 2.03 6.09 0.50 17.14 18.42 18.21

1.17 0.05 1.00 2.03 11.29 0.32 0.12 0.08 3.22 2.75 0.05 10.21 0.01 0.34 0.38 0.03 0.59 0.00 1.87 2.00 2.21 0.86 0.10 0.08 0.53 3.63 4.91 4.60

0.54 0.00 0.05 0.38 3.10 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.15 1.13 0.00 0.86 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.80 0.40 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.16 0.59 0.70

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.4.3 Transformation Input – By Sector

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Conventional Thermal Power Stations

Nuclear Power Stations

District Heating Plants

Refineries, Petroleum and sub-products

Other Transformation Input Industry

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Total, All Sectors

2013

1 301.9 100.0 %

379.4 29.1 %

226.3 17.4 %

20.1 1.5 %

615.1 47.2 %

61.0 4.7 %

52.19 18.22 33.22 14.04 239.09 5.08 6.77 34.26 102.04 188.53 4.78 120.89 0.88 1.18 11.11 0.34 16.83 0.51 79.00 16.61 77.03 19.87 21.66 2.89 15.48 32.44 43.08 143.89

6.52 11.00 6.79 3.67 14.29 7.96 5.94 0.00 93.83 25.10 3.42 0.00 3.75 0.00 9.89 0.00 24.16 14.63 13.32 109.29 1.18 0.00 47.01 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.92 0.00 0.95 0.00 0.33 0.00 3.51 3.98 0.51 0.00 18.52 0.75 4.48 0.00 38.03 0.00 5.54 0.00 7.37 3.00 1.46 1.37 2.37 4.11 8.23 6.09 5.52 17.14 50.74 18.21

0.01 0.16 0.62 0.90 4.30 0.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.74 0.08 0.13 0.00 0.25 0.42 0.01 0.67 0.00 0.31 1.03 3.11 0.00 0.57 0.06 0.36 1.37 1.29 2.37

32.47 6.52 7.11 7.18 99.69 0.00 2.85 24.36 61.19 59.49 3.44 71.03 0.00 0.00 9.73 0.00 7.59 0.00 56.45 9.01 25.59 14.30 10.40 0.00 6.50 15.14 17.83 67.19

2.18 1.08 3.24 0.02 16.18 1.28 0.18 0.01 2.06 4.69 0.08 2.73 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.08 0.00 2.98 2.10 10.30 0.04 0.31 0.00 2.14 1.62 1.30 5.38

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

75

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.4.4 Transformation Output – All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2000 2005 2010 1 045.9 1 078.7 1 130.0 1 022.1 100 % 103 % 108 % 98 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

40.04 15.81 21.85 15.83 190.24 1.70 3.90 21.19 71.54 127.19 6.00 114.66 1.05 1.19 6.04 0.18 14.19 0.14 93.18 13.46 46.70 16.15 28.82 1.65 9.96 19.64 32.79 130.84

49.79 11.40 19.56 14.01 188.46 1.52 5.41 26.84 79.39 140.68 6.00 119.80 1.47 0.87 7.11 0.04 13.35 0.17 96.20 13.37 47.97 15.79 20.70 1.24 11.03 22.59 33.76 130.20

48.56 12.61 22.47 13.32 199.84 1.66 5.36 26.24 85.48 142.56 6.06 133.23 0.38 0.88 11.81 0.35 13.43 0.19 102.29 14.87 48.52 17.69 23.79 1.24 12.17 23.23 33.26 128.51

46.55 11.58 21.81 13.47 177.68 1.91 5.20 26.55 78.39 123.24 5.09 120.58 0.46 0.95 10.98 0.34 14.00 0.18 75.68 14.39 54.79 15.06 17.54 1.24 11.17 26.19 34.49 112.58

2012 987.4 94 %

2013 946.1 90 %

44.82 41.91 11.91 11.66 20.96 20.15 12.66 12.42 173.35 170.80 1.77 1.84 5.12 4.73 28.62 28.09 82.57 78.70 110.89 107.47 4.56 4.14 111.40 96.03 0.39 0.35 0.85 0.91 10.63 11.04 0.29 0.21 12.97 12.21 0.20 0.19 72.30 70.32 14.77 14.74 55.58 55.23 14.92 17.00 16.24 15.98 1.21 1.17 10.82 11.42 25.01 25.65 34.59 30.59 107.98 101.13

Transformation OUTPUT – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 1 500

1 000

500 EU-28

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

76

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.4.5 Transformation Output – By Fuel Petroleum and Products

Gases

Electricity

Derived Heat

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Solid Fuels

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Total, All Products

2013

946.1 100.0 %

33.6 3.5 %

614.4 64.9 %

20.7 2.2 %

218.7 23.1 %

58.6 6.2 %

41.91 11.66 20.15 12.42 170.80 1.84 4.73 28.09 78.70 107.47 4.14 96.03 0.35 0.91 11.04 0.21 12.21 0.19 70.32 14.74 55.23 17.00 15.98 1.17 11.42 25.65 30.59 101.13

1.20 0.75 1.87 0.00 8.96 0.04 0.12 0.00 1.26 2.34 0.00 1.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68 0.00 1.43 0.96 6.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.10 0.63 0.73 2.97

32.47 6.52 7.11 7.18 99.47 0.00 2.84 24.35 61.17 59.41 3.44 70.97 0.00 0.00 9.73 0.00 7.58 0.00 56.44 8.99 25.53 14.28 10.40 0.00 6.49 15.13 17.82 67.12

0.89 0.00 1.33 0.00 5.85 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.74 1.84 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 1.23 1.07 2.34 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.84 0.50 0.47 1.99

6.49 3.12 6.96 1.99 44.86 1.09 1.78 3.70 15.50 40.91 0.41 17.08 0.35 0.27 0.26 0.14 2.52 0.19 8.14 1.62 13.38 2.09 3.32 0.94 1.98 4.95 7.03 27.61

0.86 1.27 2.90 3.26 11.66 0.55 0.00 0.04 0.00 2.97 0.28 5.17 0.00 0.63 1.04 0.08 1.17 0.00 3.08 2.10 7.26 0.61 2.03 0.23 1.02 4.43 4.54 1.45

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

77

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.4.6 Transformation Output – By Sector Nuclear Power Stations, Electricity

District Heating Plants, Heat

Refineries, Petroleum and sub-products

Other Transformation Output Industry

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Conventional Thermal Power Stations

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Total, All Sectors

2013

946.1 100.0 %

185.1 19.6 %

75.4 8.0 %

16.7 1.8 %

614.4 64.9 %

54.5 5.8 %

41.91 11.66 20.15 12.42 170.80 1.84 4.73 28.09 78.70 107.47 4.14 96.03 0.35 0.91 11.04 0.21 12.21 0.19 70.32 14.74 55.23 17.00 15.98 1.17 11.42 25.65 30.59 101.13

3.67 2.96 6.65 4.34 44.82 1.35 1.78 3.74 10.63 6.02 0.63 22.16 0.35 0.71 0.85 0.21 1.76 0.19 10.67 2.84 17.99 2.70 3.97 0.66 1.29 6.05 4.61 21.54

3.67 1.22 2.64 0.00 8.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.88 36.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.32 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.46 1.35 2.03 5.71 6.07

0.01 0.19 0.54 0.91 3.33 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.42 0.06 0.09 0.00 0.19 0.46 0.01 0.59 0.00 0.30 0.88 2.65 0.00 0.38 0.05 0.31 1.30 1.26 1.45

32.47 6.52 7.11 7.18 99.47 0.00 2.84 24.35 61.17 59.41 3.44 70.97 0.00 0.00 9.73 0.00 7.58 0.00 56.44 8.99 25.53 14.28 10.40 0.00 6.49 15.13 17.82 67.12

2.09 0.77 3.22 0.00 14.81 0.20 0.11 0.00 2.02 4.18 0.01 2.82 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.96 0.00 2.66 2.03 9.06 0.01 0.23 0.00 1.99 1.14 1.20 4.96

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

78

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.5 Final Energy 2.5.1 Available for Final Consumption Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 1 185.0 1 235.7 1 304.0 1 270.6 1 204.2 1 204.2 100 % 104 % 110 % 107 % 102 % 102 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

40.04 12.93 27.86 15.03 244.01 3.05 8.30 16.40 72.46 156.87 5.31 124.85 1.48 3.94 5.13 3.17 18.16 0.41 57.26 22.74 67.25 15.92 30.36 4.23 12.23 21.84 36.67 157.11

44.78 9.99 27.23 15.02 247.33 2.70 11.05 19.08 88.79 166.23 6.03 133.74 1.75 3.28 4.28 3.56 17.72 0.44 61.00 25.43 58.62 20.22 25.03 4.70 12.72 24.93 36.21 163.83

44.35 10.56 29.24 15.47 247.12 3.00 12.02 21.39 105.95 177.21 7.02 142.62 1.80 4.11 5.39 4.53 20.35 0.40 64.77 29.90 63.03 21.69 26.87 5.23 12.84 26.54 35.23 165.36

46.70 8.79 28.35 15.68 242.94 3.02 12.24 19.66 95.70 171.25 6.94 133.51 1.97 4.17 5.48 4.36 18.60 0.51 70.37 30.29 71.14 19.81 24.77 5.17 12.65 27.60 36.90 152.05

41.88 9.31 26.42 14.67 232.62 2.89 11.03 18.36 88.84 164.68 6.44 127.41 1.79 4.11 6.07 4.22 16.95 0.52 66.39 29.40 67.85 17.57 24.24 4.98 11.35 26.39 35.32 142.54

44.00 8.68 26.24 14.51 239.49 3.05 11.20 15.68 84.64 167.28 6.35 125.36 1.63 3.96 5.74 4.16 16.60 0.49 66.45 29.86 68.73 17.23 22.82 4.93 11.96 25.02 34.49 143.65

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

79

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.5.2 Final Energy Consumption Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 1 078.8 1 130.6 1 186.4 1 157.2 1 102.4 1 103.8 100 % 105 % 110 % 107 % 102 % 102 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

34.56 37.77 36.71 37.53 33.83 34.80 11.42 9.11 10.19 8.84 9.24 8.77 26.09 24.80 26.03 24.85 23.68 23.86 14.82 14.72 15.50 15.61 14.37 14.20 221.62 219.99 218.46 219.72 212.10 217.25 2.56 2.43 2.88 2.91 2.87 2.87 7.99 10.78 12.60 11.96 10.65 10.74 15.81 18.68 20.96 19.00 17.11 15.34 64.03 79.90 97.77 89.08 83.15 81.14 143.48 155.31 160.34 155.40 147.40 152.06 4.49 5.37 6.34 6.35 5.91 5.81 114.58 124.72 134.54 124.78 122.10 118.70 1.43 1.65 1.83 1.93 1.76 1.62 3.85 3.25 4.02 4.12 4.03 3.86 4.60 3.77 4.60 4.76 4.84 4.74 3.11 3.51 4.48 4.33 4.18 4.13 16.23 16.14 18.22 16.60 14.82 15.02 0.46 0.44 0.38 0.49 0.50 0.50 48.02 50.51 51.65 53.94 51.13 51.16 21.36 23.67 28.16 28.41 27.52 27.95 62.94 55.26 58.99 66.35 64.49 63.41 13.85 17.92 19.01 18.10 16.23 15.85 26.97 22.77 24.71 22.59 22.80 21.76 4.09 4.46 4.90 4.94 4.85 4.80 11.03 10.98 11.56 11.55 10.35 10.86 21.78 24.51 25.24 26.24 25.16 24.62 35.05 34.97 33.66 34.08 32.38 31.59 142.7 153.2 152.7 142.7 135.0 136.4

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

80

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.5.2 Final Energy Consumption

By Sector

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Transport

Households

Industry

Services

Agriculture and Fishing

Other

2013

348.5 31.6%

295.9 26.8%

276.6 25.1%

152.5 13.8%

25.0 2.3%

5.2 0.5%

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

9.76 2.78 6.04 4.80 62.62 0.76 4.21 6.34 31.96 49.26 2.04 38.70 0.87 1.07 1.57 2.54 3.70 0.28 14.57 8.88 16.27 6.39 5.28 1.87 2.35 4.84 8.34 50.48

8.98 2.25 6.30 4.33 59.70 0.94 2.81 3.76 15.01 43.68 1.72 34.23 0.30 1.27 1.48 0.45 4.84 0.08 10.78 6.59 20.41 2.64 7.72 1.16 2.15 5.10 7.02 40.21

10.46 2.59 7.53 2.24 60.74 0.65 2.18 2.84 20.98 30.03 1.12 27.00 0.19 0.77 0.98 0.54 3.52 0.04 13.58 9.28 15.10 4.59 6.31 1.20 4.27 10.79 11.46 25.71

4.84 0.96 3.11 1.97 34.05 0.42 1.30 1.82 9.56 23.00 0.71 15.85 0.20 0.60 0.60 0.57 2.44 0.09 8.79 2.64 8.06 1.78 1.79 0.49 1.97 2.87 4.42 17.67

0.72 0.19 0.61 0.85 0.00 0.11 0.23 0.32 2.80 4.62 0.23 2.79 0.04 0.15 0.11 0.02 0.51 0.01 3.45 0.57 3.58 0.42 0.47 0.08 0.13 0.79 0.36 0.87

0.05 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.83 1.47 0.00 0.14 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.19 0.02 0.00 0.22 0.00 1.50

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

81

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.5.2 Final Energy Consumption

By Fuel

Electricity

Renewables

Derived Heat

Solid Fuels

Wastes, Non-Renewable

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Gases

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Petroleum and Products

2013

425.0 38.5 %

259.8 23.5 %

238.3 21.6 %

82.2 7.4 %

48.0 4.3 %

47.6 4.3 %

2.9 0.3 %

13.92 2.78 6.14 5.80 83.87 0.95 6.14 8.66 39.34 62.05 2.68 43.76 1.17 1.30 1.63 2.75 4.05 0.33 17.60 10.11 18.70 7.73 6.52 2.28 2.15 7.07 8.63 56.95

9.96 1.15 6.03 1.61 55.23 0.25 1.63 0.91 15.02 33.07 1.00 35.39 0.00 0.34 0.49 0.60 5.42 0.00 20.17 5.05 9.43 1.57 5.88 0.54 3.84 0.90 0.68 43.62

6.96 2.37 4.88 2.71 44.55 0.59 2.08 4.20 19.95 37.89 1.30 24.71 0.34 0.57 0.77 0.54 3.00 0.16 9.13 5.41 10.67 3.89 3.49 1.08 2.16 6.87 10.75 27.30

1.73 1.19 2.12 1.35 12.56 0.48 0.30 1.32 5.28 12.67 0.49 8.50 0.10 1.02 0.73 0.11 1.18 0.01 0.91 4.06 5.62 2.21 3.68 0.64 0.41 5.02 6.03 2.48

0.55 0.91 2.08 2.55 10.39 0.47 0.00 0.04 0.00 2.34 0.23 3.70 0.00 0.52 0.85 0.08 1.03 0.00 1.88 1.93 5.94 0.35 1.41 0.18 0.74 4.06 4.46 1.29

1.54 0.37 2.45 0.16 9.66 0.09 0.56 0.21 1.56 3.91 0.12 2.36 0.00 0.06 0.27 0.05 0.33 0.00 1.46 1.15 12.63 0.02 0.73 0.05 1.46 0.64 1.06 4.77

0.14 0.01 0.16 0.02 1.01 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.28 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.43 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.11 0.05 0.00 0.03

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

82

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.5.2 Final Energy Consumption

By Sector – EU-28 – 1990-2013 (Mtoe)

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Industry Services

Transport Agriculture and Fishing

Households Other

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – By Fuel – 1990-2013 (Mtoe) 600 500 400 300 200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable

Gases Derived Heat

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

83

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.5.3 Final Non-Energy Consumption Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 105.5 100 %

2000 110.4 105 %

2005 115.9 110 %

2010 108.1 103 %

2012 101.8 97 %

2013 99.7 95 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

5.82 1.23 2.32 0.32 23.62 0.18 0.57 0.49 7.87 15.86 0.81 9.73 0.06 0.04 0.54 0.05 1.63 0.00 9.25 1.38 3.71 2.08 1.24 0.12 0.93 1.13 1.99 12.49

6.74 0.98 2.09 0.30 25.06 0.18 0.68 0.72 9.40 16.18 0.66 8.43 0.09 0.08 0.66 0.06 1.59 0.00 10.49 1.72 4.36 2.39 1.88 0.24 1.37 1.04 1.73 11.33

7.52 0.85 2.95 0.29 24.66 0.23 0.52 0.76 8.35 16.70 0.68 8.61 0.07 0.10 0.80 0.03 2.17 0.02 13.01 1.72 4.57 2.59 2.47 0.31 1.28 1.16 2.29 11.21

8.54 0.42 2.78 0.26 22.58 0.09 0.34 1.11 7.03 14.29 0.60 9.56 0.09 0.07 0.71 0.03 1.97 0.01 15.48 1.85 4.96 1.73 1.47 0.21 1.05 1.23 2.11 7.52

8.58 0.47 2.71 0.27 21.82 0.09 0.28 0.73 5.98 14.32 0.53 7.88 0.04 0.10 1.23 0.04 1.88 0.01 14.67 1.86 4.90 1.32 1.73 0.12 0.97 1.04 1.82 6.47

9.35 0.46 2.60 0.28 21.73 0.17 0.29 0.65 5.02 13.54 0.54 6.34 0.03 0.11 1.01 0.04 1.77 0.01 15.23 1.91 4.95 1.36 1.46 0.12 1.07 1.13 2.07 6.51

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

84

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.5.4 Primary Energy Consumption Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 1 565.6 1 616.4 1 708.8 1 652.5 1 584.2 1 566.6 100 % 103 % 109 % 106 % 101 % 100 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

48.12 21.46 39.39 19.88 318.02 5.35 10.49 23.37 94.20 225.92 6.26 152.03 1.90 4.58 8.10 3.28 24.55 0.76 63.42 25.70 95.12 18.56 45.07 5.95 16.79 28.16 49.48 209.76

52.56 17.54 39.00 19.44 317.27 4.79 13.75 27.57 114.25 241.37 7.14 165.79 2.33 3.79 6.40 3.60 23.71 0.80 65.08 27.26 84.29 22.89 34.77 6.21 16.94 31.49 47.17 219.23

51.49 18.91 42.17 19.27 317.25 5.39 14.75 30.65 135.87 259.97 8.21 178.86 2.47 4.50 7.91 4.77 25.44 0.95 68.46 32.64 87.65 24.89 36.74 7.02 17.75 33.37 48.70 222.80

52.81 17.35 41.90 19.78 310.39 6.06 14.85 27.62 122.97 253.33 7.97 165.20 2.66 4.56 6.07 4.61 23.84 0.92 71.13 32.74 95.77 22.55 34.33 7.03 16.81 35.90 48.67 204.73

46.20 17.77 40.10 17.71 296.80 6.03 13.51 26.93 121.86 244.02 7.59 158.43 2.48 4.44 5.87 4.42 21.68 0.96 67.11 31.87 92.86 21.15 33.64 6.88 15.74 33.67 47.99 196.57

47.38 16.30 39.59 17.82 302.54 6.53 13.45 23.71 113.76 245.76 7.29 153.67 2.16 4.36 5.68 4.30 20.97 0.83 65.94 31.85 93.21 21.25 30.89 6.76 16.19 32.80 47.07 194.55

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

85

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.6 Electricity 2.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity Total MW EU-28* Index 1995

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 618 507 681 078 758 192 883 742 946 482 958 527 100 % 110 % 123 % 143 % 153 % 155 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

14 917 15 685 16 096 18 690 20 773 20 840 1 975 11 085 12 260 10 031 11 637 11 604 13 803 15 323 17 406 19 829 20 447 21 079 10 841 12 316 13 035 13 438 14 075 13 547 116 226 118 884 128 612 162 698 177 291 186 117 2 800 2 559 2 751 2 923 2 910 4 060 4 711 6 175 8 310 8 588 8 796 8 942 10 904 13 306 15 312 17 751 18 855 45 621 53 924 76 574 101 788 105 171 105 838 107 616 114 665 115 925 124 531 129 347 130 112 2 072 2 079 3 866 4 121 4 222 4 312 65 923 75 510 85 498 106 488 124 234 124 750 690 988 1 125 1 560 1 725 1 819 2 068 2 092 2 166 2 557 2 660 2 911 5 866 5 716 4 556 3 570 4 237 4 323 1 250 1 217 1 682 1 711 1 788 1 813 7 404 8 282 8 586 8 993 9 400 8 418 571 572 587 603 19 034 21 062 21 800 26 686 29 920 30 532 17 394 17 802 18 898 21 187 22 917 23 592 29 482 30 559 32 257 33 360 35 283 35 815 9 384 10 908 13 374 18 932 19 752 18 905 5 998 6 120 18 951 19 912 21 767 22 948 2 518 2 614 2 992 3 193 3 351 3 434 7 238 7 454 8 257 7 873 8 412 8 513 14 434 16 261 16 468 15 537 15 758 16 704 33 625 33 724 33 390 36 454 37 843 37 915 70 125 78 393 82 378 93 658 94 623 91 522

Installed electricity capacity – Total – 1990-2013 (MW) 1 000 000 800 000 600 000

EU-28

400 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

200 000

* No complete EU-28 data available for 1990-2000. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

86

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity

By Fuel

Solar PV

Other Sources 5 387 0.6 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

20 840 11 604 21 079 13 547 186 117 2 910 8 796 18 855 105 838 130 112 4 312 124 750 1 819 2 911 4 323 1 813 8 418 603 30 532 23 592 35 815 18 905 22 948 3 434 8 513 16 704 37 915 91 522

2 912 1 036 2 064 571 36 335 0 0 2 579 4 766 4 625 19 18 420 35 0 68 95 35 32 739 626 2 296 761 187 588 10 43 2 780

4 0 0 0 446 0 0 0 2 250 1 512 0 1 046 0 0 25 0 10 0 38 1 2 25 0 0 25 0 0 3

8 910 4 701 12 211 8 157 91 368 2 654 6 326 11 229 49 786 27 200 1 849 74 733 1 637 1 255 3 075 526 5 987 571 26 520 8 171 30 027 8 308 11 393 1 256 3 432 10 219 7 776 63 187

Hydro 1 429 3 202 2 252 9 11 240 8 529 3 238 19 094 25 443 2 190 22 009 0 1 589 876 1 134 57 0 37 13 149 2 355 5 666 6 610 1 299 2 523 3 276 16 494 4 437

Nuclear

79 624 8.3 %

Combustible Fuels

958 527 482 464 150 145 122 971 117 936 100.0 % 50.3 % 15.7 % 12.8 % 12.3 %

Installed Electricity Capacity

MW EU-28 Share (%)

Wind

2013

5 927 1 982 4 290 0 12 068 0 0 0 6 984 63 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 000 0 485 0 0 0 1 411 688 1 940 2 752 9 408 9 906

1 658 683 262 4 810 34 660 248 1 941 1 809 22 958 8 202 254 8 542 147 67 279 58 329 0 2 713 1 645 3 429 4 610 2 773 4 5 447 4 194 11 209

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

87

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity* Renewables

Solar PV

Solar Thermal

Geothermal

Tide, Wave and Ocean

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

150 145 117 936 100.0 % 78.5 %

79 624 53.0 %

2 252 1.5 %

781 0.5%

243 0.2 %

2 912 1 036 2 064 571 36 335 0 0 2 579 4 766 4 625 19 18 420 35 0 68 95 35 32 739 626 2 296 761 187 588 10 43 2 780

0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 2 0 729 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

Hydro

MW EU-28 Share (%)

Wind

2013

1 429 3 202 2 252 9 11 240 8 529 3 238 19 094 25 443 2 190 22 009 0 1 589 876 1 134 57 0 37 13 149 2 355 5 666 6 610 1 299 2 523 3 276 16 494 4 437

1 658 683 262 4 810 34 660 248 1 941 1 809 22 958 8 202 254 8 542 147 67 279 58 329 0 2 713 1 645 3 429 4 610 2 773 4 5 447 4 194 11 209

* Net maximum capacity. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

88

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation Total TWh EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 2 743.0 3 035.2 3 325.1 3 364.4 3 296.6 3 261.5 100 % 111 % 121 % 123 % 120 % 119 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

74.41 41.79 60.85 36.76 537.28 8.69 17.86 41.55 167.09 494.27 8.86 241.49 2.50 3.98 13.90 1.23 34.02 1.63 80.93 56.23 139.01 33.27 59.27 12.91 26.77 64.04 148.35 334.04

84.01 40.92 73.47 36.05 576.54 8.51 23.98 53.84 224.47 539.98 10.70 276.64 3.37 4.14 11.43 1.17 35.19 1.92 89.63 61.26 145.18 43.76 51.93 13.62 31.16 69.97 145.27 377.07

87.03 44.37 82.58 36.25 622.58 10.21 25.97 60.02 294.08 576.23 12.46 303.70 4.38 4.91 14.78 4.13 35.76 2.24 100.22 66.41 156.94 46.58 59.41 15.12 31.46 70.57 158.44 398.36

95.12 46.65 85.91 38.86 632.98 12.96 28.60 57.39 301.53 569.25 14.11 302.06 5.32 6.63 5.75 4.59 37.37 2.11 118.14 71.13 157.66 54.09 60.98 16.43 27.86 80.67 148.56 381.71

83.08 47.33 87.57 30.73 629.81 11.97 27.60 60.96 297.56 565.77 10.56 299.28 4.72 6.17 5.04 3.82 34.63 2.29 102.51 72.62 162.14 46.61 59.05 15.73 28.66 70.40 166.56 363.41

83.46 43.78 87.07 34.75 633.16 13.28 26.12 57.15 283.57 572.52 13.43 289.81 4.29 6.21 4.76 2.89 30.27 2.25 100.88 68.30 164.56 51.67 58.89 16.09 28.83 71.25 153.17 359.15

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

89

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation

By Fuel

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Solid Fuels

Nuclear

Renewables

Gases

Petroleum and Products

Wastes non-RES

TWh EU-28 Share (%)

Gross Electricity Generation

2013

3.261.5 100.0 %

871.8 26.7 %

876.8 26.9 %

886.0 27.2 %

540.4 16.6 %

61.3 1.9 %

20.7 0.6 %

83.46 3.01 42.64 12.91 23.07 43.78 19.39 14.17 7.64 2.34 87.07 41.71 30.75 10.21 4.29 34.75 14.29 0.00 15.99 3.40 633.16 282.63 97.29 158.15 79.55 13.28 11.49 0.00 1.22 0.37 26.12 7.24 0.00 5.95 12.67 57.15 26.41 0.00 14.39 10.86 283.57 41.03 56.73 112.96 58.49 572.52 21.94 423.69 101.68 20.05 13.43 2.42 0.00 8.76 2.02 289.81 45.11 0.00 113.91 112.26 4.29 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.00 6.21 0.00 0.00 3.53 2.67 4.76 0.00 0.00 2.07 2.22 2.89 0.00 0.00 1.41 1.42 30.27 6.30 15.37 2.79 5.62 2.25 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 100.88 24.61 2.89 12.21 58.09 68.30 4.20 0.00 54.11 8.55 164.56 137.72 0.00 17.63 7.29 51.67 11.84 0.00 30.61 7.23 58.89 16.94 11.62 20.50 9.27 16.09 4.88 5.30 5.39 0.51 28.83 3.07 15.72 6.67 2.85 71.25 13.86 23.61 25.61 7.30 153.17 0.98 66.46 82.82 1.20 359.15 130.77 70.61 56.57 96.78

0.16 0.23 0.05 0.35 7.20 0.13 0.20 5.41 13.76 2.49 0.23 15.48 3.96 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.06 2.22 1.25 0.69 1.78 1.70 0.56 0.01 0.43 0.23 0.41 2.14

1.36 0.00 0.06 0.72 6.58 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.60 1.99 0.00 2.29 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.00 1.70 0.73 0.03 0.30 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.34 1.29 2.30

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

90

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation Renewables

Wind

Biomass and Renewable

Solar

Geothermal

Tide, Wave and Ocean

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Hydro

TWh EU-28 Share (%)

Renewables

2013

886.0 100.0 %

402.2 45.4 %

235.0 26.5 %

157.3 17.7 %

85.3 9.6 %

5.9 0.7 %

0.4 0.0 %

12.91 7.64 10.21 15.99 158.15 1.22 5.95 14.39 112.96 101.68 8.76 113.91 0.33 3.53 2.07 1.41 2.79 0.04 12.21 54.11 17.63 30.61 20.50 5.39 6.67 25.61 82.82 56.57

1.72 4.80 3.64 0.01 28.78 0.03 0.92 6.38 41.07 75.64 8.11 54.67 0.00 2.91 1.07 1.16 0.21 0.00 0.11 45.74 3.00 14.87 15.31 4.91 5.17 12.84 61.50 7.60

3.64 1.37 0.48 11.12 51.71 0.53 4.54 4.14 53.90 16.03 0.52 14.90 0.23 0.12 0.60 0.08 0.72 0.00 5.63 3.15 6.00 12.01 4.52 0.00 0.01 0.77 9.84 28.43

4.91 0.11 4.06 4.34 46.57 0.67 0.49 0.22 5.29 4.93 0.13 17.09 0.05 0.50 0.36 0.09 1.83 0.01 5.96 4.64 8.62 3.05 0.25 0.26 0.91 11.99 11.45 18.50

2.64 1.36 2.03 0.52 31.01 0.00 0.00 3.65 12.69 4.66 0.01 21.59 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.52 0.58 0.00 0.48 0.42 0.22 0.59 0.01 0.04 2.04

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

91

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

92

Renewables

Gases

Petroleum and Products

Share of Total (%) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Nuclear

By Fuel – EU-28

Solid Fuels



39.3 38.7 37.2 35.5 35.1 34.5 33.6 31.6 31.2 29.8 30.8 30.2 30.4 31.1 29.8 28.9 29.2 29.1 26.6 25.5 24.7 25.8 27.4 26.7

30.6 31.1 31.5 32.8 32.2 32.1 32.5 32.8 31.9 31.9 31.1 31.4 31.5 30.8 30.5 30.0 29.4 27.6 27.7 27.8 27.2 27.5 26.8 26.9

12.6 12.9 13.6 13.9 14.1 13.9 13.5 13.9 14.3 14.4 14.8 15.3 13.9 13.6 14.8 14.9 15.5 16.2 17.6 19.5 21.1 21.4 24.2 27.2

8.6 8.2 8.1 9.1 10.1 10.7 12.0 13.8 14.6 16.6 16.9 17.0 17.7 18.7 19.8 21.2 21.3 23.0 24.4 23.5 23.7 22.3 18.7 16.6

8.6 8.8 9.2 8.3 8.1 8.4 8.0 7.5 7.5 6.9 6.0 5.6 5.9 5.3 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.2 2.2 1.9

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2013 (TWh)

1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Solid Fuels Nuclear

Petroleum and Products Renewables

Gases Wastes, Non-Renewable

gross electricity generation – EU-28 – Renewables – 1990-2013 (TWh) 600 400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Hydro Solar

Wind Geothermal

Biomass and Renewable Wastes Tide, Wave and Ocean

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

93

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.6.3 Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer % BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1999 92.3

2000 91.1

2005 85.0

2010 79.1

2012 65.8

2013 67.0

71.0 40.0 28.1 93.0 97.0 98.0 51.8 93.8

69.2 36.0 34.0 91.0 97.0 97.0 42.4 90.2 46.7 99.6 95.8 72.8

38.9 100.0

41.3 100.0

38.7 100.0

73.0 46.0 28.4 89.0 34.0 85.1 24.0 86.5 88.0 28.0 100.0 88.0 35.4 85.4 42.1 100.0

68.0 37.0

71.1 99.7 96.5 73.7

72.0 33.0 31.0 92.0 71.0 97.0 35.0 89.1 87.0 38.6 100.0 92.7 70.3

88.0 55.0 77.0 23.8 86.0 82.0 26.0 100.0 89.0 30.4 81.8 47.1 100.0

58.2 41.0 32.0 87.0 54.0 70.0 24.5 83.8 84.0 27.0 100.0 79.8 24.4 70.4 51.9 100.0

21.4 20.8 57.8

32.6 19.5 58.5

83.6 26.0 52.8 21.0

85.1 23.3 49.5 20.6

18.5 53.9 36.4 50.1 83.6 23.0 47.0 20.5

17.4 47.2 33.6 56.3 80.9 26.6 42.0 21.0

56.6 16.4 37.2 26.7 55.2 78.9 25.2 44.0 51.7

55.5 17.3 45.8 26.8 57.1 83.8 25.3 44.8 29.3

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

94

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.7 Solar and Wind Energy 2.7.1 Cumulative Solar and Wind Capacity Total MW EU-28

1995 2 496

2000 12 891

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

5 0 0 617 1 155 0 6 27 105 5 0 38 0 1 0 0 0 0 252 1 0 8 0 0 0 7 69 200

14 0 1 2 391 6 209 0 119 226 2 218 45 0 382 0 2 0 14 0 0 460 55 4 84 0 0 0 41 212 414

2005 2010 2012 2013 42 866 114 755 177 210 199 812 169 8 23 3 130 20 431 31 517 492 9 978 873 6 1 669 1 26 1 59 17 0 1 275 808 121 1 066 1 0 5 86 497 1 576

1 816 513 1 940 3 809 44 734 108 1 374 1 500 25 346 7 005 79 9 264 89 30 133 73 295 1 2 325 1 135 1 108 3 930 389 12 22 205 2 030 5 490

3 951 1 690 2 280 4 565 63 947 266 1 764 3 289 29 435 11 575 184 24 522 164 59 282 132 337 16 2 798 1 679 2 565 4 650 1 863 142 516 266 3 631 10 642

4 570 1 719 2 326 5 381 70 997 248 1 941 4 388 29 974 12 827 273 26 962 182 67 347 153 364 32 3 452 2 271 3 431 4 906 3 534 191 593 457 4 237 13 989

Cumulative Solar and Wind Capacity – Total – 1990-2013 (MW) 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

95

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.1 Cumulative Solar and Wind Capacity Share of Total % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.4

2000 1.9

2005 5.7

2010 13.0

2012 18.7

2013 20.8

0.03

0.09

5.69 0.99

0.01 19.41 5.22

0.15 0.30 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.06

2.53 2.07 4.11 0.04 0.00 0.51

0.05

0.10

1.05 0.07 0.13 24.01 15.89 1.21 8.37 3.70 13.03 0.75 0.16 1.95 0.09 1.20 0.02 3.51 0.20

9.72 5.11 9.78 28.34 27.50 3.93 16.53 9.80 24.90 5.63 1.92 8.70 5.71 1.17 3.73 4.27 3.28

19.02 14.52 11.15 32.43 36.07 9.10 20.54 18.53 27.99 8.95 4.36 19.74 9.51 2.22 6.66 7.38 3.59

21.93 14.81 11.03 39.72 38.15 8.52 22.07 23.27 28.32 9.86 6.33 21.61 10.01 2.30 8.03 8.44 4.32

0.09

2.18 0.31 0.01 0.77

5.85 4.28 0.38 7.97

0.05 0.21 0.29

0.25 0.63 0.53

0.06 0.52 1.49 1.91

8.71 5.36 3.32 20.76 1.95 0.38 0.28 1.32 5.57 5.86

9.35 7.33 7.27 23.54 8.56 4.24 6.13 1.69 9.59 11.25

11.31 9.63 9.58 25.95 15.40 5.56 6.97 2.74 11.17 15.28

1.15

1.32 0.01

Cumulative Solar and Wind Capacity – Share of Total – 1990-2013 (%) 25 20 15 10 5

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

96

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.7.2 Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity Total MW EU-28

1995 2 447

2000 12 711

2005 40 569

2010 2012 2013 84 624 106 421 117 936

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

5 0 0 617 1 137 0 6 27 98 3 0 22 0 1 0 0 0 0 250 0 0 8 0 0 0 6 67 200

14 0 1 2 390 6 095 0 119 226 2 206 38 0 363 0 2 0 14 0 0 447 50 4 83 0 0 0 38 209 412

167 8 22 3 127 18 375 31 517 491 9 918 860 6 1 635 0 26 1 35 17 0 1 224 778 121 1 064 1 0 5 82 493 1 565

912 488 213 3 802 27 180 108 1 374 1 298 20 693 5 975 79 5 794 82 30 133 44 293 0 2 237 981 1 108 3 796 389 0 3 197 2 019 5 396

1 370 677 258 4 163 31 304 266 1 764 1 753 22 789 7 622 180 8 102 147 59 275 58 325 0 2 433 1 316 2 564 4 412 1 822 0 3 257 3 607 8 895

1 658 683 262 4 810 34 660 248 1 941 1 809 22 958 8 202 254 8 542 147 67 279 58 329 0 2 713 1 645 3 429 4 610 2 773 4 5 447 4 194 11 209

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity – Total – 1990-2013 (MW) 150 000 100 000 50 000

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

97

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.2 Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity Share of Total % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.4

2000 1.9

2005 5.4

2010 9.6

2012 11.2

2013 12.3

0.0

0.1

5.7 1.0

0.0 19.4 5.1

0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.5 2.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.5

1.0 0.1 0.1 24.0 14.3 1.2 8.4 3.7 13.0 0.7 0.2 1.9

4.9 4.9 1.1 28.3 16.7 3.9 16.5 8.5 20.3 4.8 1.9 5.4

0.0

0.1

1.2 0.0 2.1 0.2

1.2 3.7 2.6 3.3

6.6 5.8 1.3 29.6 17.7 9.1 20.5 9.9 21.7 5.9 4.3 6.5 8.5 2.2 6.5 3.2 3.5

8.0 5.9 1.2 35.5 18.6 8.5 22.1 9.6 21.7 6.3 5.9 6.8 8.1 2.3 6.5 3.2 3.9

0.1

2.1 0.3 0.0 0.8

5.6 4.1 0.4 8.0

8.4 4.6 3.3 20.1 2.0

8.1 5.7 7.3 22.3 8.4

8.9 7.0 9.6 24.4 12.1

0.0 0.2 0.3

0.2 0.6 0.5

0.1 0.5 1.5 1.9

0.0 1.3 5.5 5.8

0.0 1.6 9.5 9.4

0.1 2.7 11.1 12.2

1.2

1.3

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

98

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.7.3 Wind Gross Electricity Production Total TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 4.1

2000 22.3

2005 70.5

2010 149.3

2012 206.0

2013 235.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 9.4 0.0 0.2 0.5 4.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9

0.2 0.0 0.0 6.6 27.2 0.1 1.1 1.3 21.2 1.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.3 0.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 2.9

1.3 0.7 0.3 7.8 37.8 0.3 2.8 2.7 44.3 9.9 0.1 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 4.0 2.1 1.7 9.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 3.5 10.2

2.8 1.2 0.4 10.3 50.7 0.4 4.0 3.9 49.5 15.0 0.3 13.4 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.8 0.0 5.0 2.5 4.7 10.3 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 7.2 19.7

3.6 1.4 0.5 11.1 51.7 0.5 4.5 4.1 53.9 16.0 0.5 14.9 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.0 5.6 3.2 6.0 12.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.8 9.8 28.4

Wind Gross Electricity Production – Total – 1990-2013 (Twh) 250 200 150 100

EU-28

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

99

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.3 Wind Gross Electricity Production

Penetration Level % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.1

2000 0.7

2005 2.1

2010 4.4

2012 6.2

2013 7.2

0.0

0.0

3.2 0.3

11.8 1.6

0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0

1.0 0.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.2

0.3 0.0 0.0 18.2 4.4 0.5 4.3 2.1 7.2 0.2 0.1 0.8

1.4 1.5 0.4 20.1 6.0 2.1 9.8 4.7 14.7 1.7 1.0 3.0

1.0 0.0 1.3 0.0

0.7 3.9 1.2 1.4

3.3 2.6 0.5 33.4 8.0 3.6 14.5 6.3 16.6 2.7 3.1 4.5 3.9 1.8 10.7 2.0 2.2

4.4 3.1 0.6 32.0 8.2 4.0 17.4 7.2 19.0 2.8 3.8 5.1 5.4 1.9 12.7 2.9 2.4

0.1 2.3

0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.9 0.1 0.0 0.4

2.1 2.0 0.1 3.8

3.4 2.9 1.1 17.0 0.5

4.9 3.4 2.9 22.0 4.5

5.6 4.6 3.6 23.3 7.7

0.0 0.1 0.1

0.1 0.3 0.3

0.0 0.2 0.6 0.7

0.0 0.4 2.4 2.7

0.0 0.7 4.3 5.4

0.0 1.1 6.4 7.9

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

100

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.7.4 Wind Capacity Factor

Annual Average % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 19.0

2000 20.0

2005 19.8

2010 20.1

2012 22.1

2013 22.7

20.5

13.0

21.8 17.2

20.2 17.5

30.4 14.4 31.4 19.0 0.0 4.7

23.4 22.8 24.4 23.1 0.0 17.7

15.5 7.1 10.9 24.1 16.9 19.9 24.5 29.4 24.4 12.8 19.0 16.4

16.2 15.9 17.9 23.4 15.9 29.3 23.4 23.9 24.4 19.0 20.1 18.0

20.6 22.8 16.9 6.7

18.6 19.2 14.3 20.8

22.9 20.6 18.4 28.1 18.5 18.6 25.9 25.1 24.8 22.5 20.9 18.9 14.4 22.0 22.4 15.1 27.0

25.0 22.9 20.9 26.4 17.0 24.3 26.7 26.1 26.8 22.3 23.2 19.9 17.9 20.4 24.7 16.3 24.9

22.8

21.2 15.3 14.3 23.1

19.3 19.5 12.7 19.0

20.4 24.0 17.1 27.6 9.0

23.4 21.3 21.1 26.5 16.5

23.7 21.9 20.0 29.7 18.6

20.9 16.9 22.3

23.4 24.9 26.2

13.7 23.7 21.7 21.2

22.8 17.0 19.8 21.5

22.8 21.9 22.7 25.2

13.7 19.8 26.8 28.9

22.8 22.0

14.5

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

101

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.5 Solar Collectors’ Surface 1000 m2 EU-28

1995 6 566

2000 11 110

2005 18 842

2010 37 253

2012 44 469

2013 49 337

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

36 0 0 144 1 166 0 2 2 101 319 598 0 174 0 0 0 0 27 0 162 1 241 0 200 0 0 0 7 135 254

41 0 0 237 3 251 0 4 2 941 403 513 0 271 0 0 0 0 36 0 360 2 202 0 238 0 0 0 10 207 396

77 0 85 279 7 099 0 13 3 047 797 583 0 680 730 0 0 6 45 0 620 3 083 95 289 0 0 64 16 371 863

371 194 309 474 14 044 0 185 4 100 2 373 1 447 92 2 415 909 0 0 28 140 44 811 4 441 656 752 0 0 123 31 510 2 804

527 256 425 668 16 309 0 251 4 122 2 855 1 762 125 3 018 959 0 0 38 150 44 865 4 929 1 200 967 59 0 154 37 322 4 427

577 309 470 868 17 222 0 278 4 181 3 088 1 916 143 3 318 977 0 0 48 158 44 880 5 058 1 470 1 024 1 087 0 160 41 475 5 545

Solar Collectors’ Surface – Total – 1990-2013 (1 000 m2) 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000

EU-28

10 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

102

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.7.6 Solar Installed Capacity Total MW EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 49

2000 180

2005 2 297

2010 30 131

2012 70 789

2013 81 876

0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 7 2 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0

0 0 0 1 114 0 0 0 12 7 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 5 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 2

2 0 1 3 2 056 0 0 1 60 13 0 34 1 0 0 24 0 0 51 30 0 2 0 0 0 4 4 11

904 25 1 727 7 17 554 0 0 202 4 653 1 030 0 3 470 7 0 0 29 2 1 88 154 0 134 0 12 19 8 11 94

2 581 1 013 2 022 402 32 643 0 0 1 536 6 646 3 953 4 16 420 17 0 7 74 12 16 365 363 1 238 41 142 513 9 24 1 747

2 912 1 036 2 064 571 36 337 0 0 2 579 7 016 4 625 19 18 420 35 0 68 95 35 32 739 626 2 296 761 187 588 10 43 2 780

Solar Installed Capacity – Total – 1990-2013 (MW) 100 000 80 000

EU-28

60 000 40 000 20 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

103

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.7.7 Solar Gross Electricity Production Total TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.0

2000 0.1

2005 1.5

2010 23.3

2012 71.2

2013 85.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 7.2 0.6 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.1 0.8 2.1 0.1 26.4 0.0 0.0 1.7 12.0 4.0 0.0 18.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.4

2.6 1.4 2.0 0.5 31.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 12.7 4.7 0.0 21.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 2.0

Solar Gross Electricity Production – Total – 1990-2013 (TWh) 100 80

EU-28

60 40 20

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

104

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.7.8 Solar Penetration Level in Total Gross Electricity Generation % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.0

2000 0.0

2005 0.0

2010 0.7

2012 2.2

2013 2.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.6 1.7 2.5 0.3 4.2 0.0 0.0 2.8 4.0 0.7 0.0 6.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.4

3.2 3.1 2.3 1.5 4.9 0.0 0.0 6.4 4.5 0.8 0.1 7.4 1.1 0.0 0.9 2.6 0.1 1.4 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.7 1.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

105

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.8 CHP 2.8.1 CHP Electricity

Generation and Capacity CHP Electricity Generation

CHP Electrical Capacity

TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2012 386.7

2013 382.0

2005 99.3

2012 111.4

2013 113.0

7.4 2.7 13.9 18.9 77.9 1.0 0.6 1.0 22.9 23.2 0.0 27.4 0.0 1.5 2.3 0.4 6.8 0.0 29.5 7.7 26.3 5.4 15.5 1.1 4.8 27.5 10.7 27.2

12.9 2.8 11.5 15.0 79.3 1.2 2.1 2.4 26.4 15.2 2.1 35.8 0.0 2.1 1.8 0.4 4.6 0.0 34.5 10.4 27.0 6.5 6.7 1.2 22.5 24.3 15.9 21.9

12.7 3.7 12.0 17.6 78.7 1.2 2.0 1.9 24.1 13.9 1.7 36.7 0.1 2.4 1.7 0.4 3.9 0.0 34.8 9.9 26.1 7.2 6.6 1.2 22.2 24.3 15.6 19.7

1.9 1.2 5.2 5.7 20.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 3.1 6.6 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.1 2.0 0.0 7.2 2.2 8.3 1.1 5.2 0.3 5.4 5.8 3.5 5.4

2.3 1.2 4.6 5.7 26.9 0.5 0.3 0.6 4.0 5.5 0.7 7.6 0.0 1.0 1.2 0.5 1.6 0.0 9.2 4.4 8.3 1.5 2.2 0.3 4.4 6.3 4.5 6.2

2.3 1.2 4.6 5.9 27.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 3.4 4.8 0.7 8.3 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.7 0.0 9.4 5.6 8.3 1.4 2.1 0.4 4.4 6.1 4.8 6.2

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

106

GW

2005 363.6

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.8.2 CHP Heat

Production and Capacity CHP Heat Production

CHP Heat Capacity*

PJ EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

GW

2005 2012 2013 3 116.7 3 041.1 2 899.6 75.9 50.4 150.7 119.0 652.5 11.5 4.4 9.7 192.5 209.2 0.0 193.1 0.1 11.9 19.9 1.2 47.4 0.0 220.3 100.1 275.4 59.6 95.4 15.0 33.7 250.0 132.7 185.2

88.4 41.6 126.6 104.2 648.3 11.1 12.5 13.0 219.1 150.9 14.0 203.2 0.0 8.8 15.4 3.2 26.0 0.0 224.6 111.8 260.6 66.9 66.1 10.7 28.8 256.8 173.8 154.5

27.1 40.4 120.9 103.1 654.0 12.6 12.4 10.5 174.9 150.7 13.3 212.8 0.2 11.3 15.3 3.4 27.0 0.0 217.9 110.8 257.4 68.4 57.9 10.8 27.8 251.2 165.1 142.5

2009 296.0

2012 284.7

2013 279.7

4.9 5.8 19.0 10.3 50.1 1.5 0.7 0.8 10.8 14.9 1.5 57.9 0.0 0.4 2.4 0.0 3.4 0.0 19.2 10.2 24.8 5.0 10.3 0.8 9.4 15.7 8.8 7.4

5.3 4.1 20.8 9.7 66.1 1.6 0.7 0.9 17.2 15.3 1.7 13.8 0.0 1.0 2.4 0.9 3.0 0.0 18.9 11.3 24.6 4.9 10.5 0.8 15.7 16.1 9.8 7.5

5.3 4.1 21.0 9.8 73.1 1.4 0.7 0.8 5.6 12.1 1.7 16.3 0.0 3.3 2.4 0.9 3.2 0.0 18.3 9.2 24.6 4.8 10.1 0.7 15.5 15.8 11.4 7.7

* Data on heat capacity before 2009 is not consistent across the EU-28. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

107

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.8.3 CHP Electricity and Heat

CHP Electricity and Heat Generation EU-28 (PJ – GCV)

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

CHP Electricity Generation

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

108

2009

2010

2011

CHP Heat Production

2012

2013

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.9 Heat * 2.9.1 Gross Heat Generation Total PJ (GCV) EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 2 264.3 2 169.4 2 592.4 2 672.9 2 479.6 2 453.3 100 % 96 % 114 % 118 % 110 % 108 % 10.0 133.5 175.9 119.1 416.6 31.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.0 13.2 0.0 0.0 46.1 66.9 0.0 61.3 0.0 107.1 39.2 420.8 1.5 287.0 8.9 42.1 97.7 163.1 0.0

23.2 50.8 139.2 119.2 315.9 27.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 135.5 11.5 0.0 0.0 31.9 48.2 0.5 69.2 0.0 155.1 47.9 340.7 5.6 190.8 9.4 36.8 149.9 157.9 102.1

22.4 52.1 139.2 129.0 494.0 26.8 0.0 2.0 0.0 178.3 13.3 193.1 0.0 31.1 49.9 3.2 63.6 0.0 170.9 61.6 340.7 13.7 127.7 10.1 52.5 178.9 181.1 57.2

38.3 59.4 130.3 152.1 515.2 25.5 0.0 1.9 0.0 161.7 12.5 205.3 0.0 28.7 48.8 3.1 53.0 0.0 147.0 83.7 335.8 21.1 99.1 9.8 48.6 210.8 224.2 57.0

37.0 57.8 124.1 137.1 480.8 24.5 0.0 1.9 0.0 125.8 11.6 207.0 0.0 26.9 46.5 3.1 49.5 0.0 132.4 84.0 309.0 21.5 89.3 9.5 43.2 196.4 196.4 64.2

36.1 53.0 121.2 135.9 488.3 23.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 124.2 11.7 216.4 0.0 26.2 43.6 3.3 49.0 0.0 129.0 87.9 303.9 25.6 84.8 9.4 42.5 185.5 190.1 60.8

* Only Heat sold, as considered currently in the energy balances. Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

109

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.9.1 Gross Heat Generation

By Fuel

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Petroleum and Products

Wastes non-RES

Nuclear

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Gases

PJ (GCV) EU-28 Share (%)

Gross Heat Generation

2013

2 453.3 100.0 %

986.7 40.2 %

699.4 28.5 %

503.4 20.5 %

107.6 4.4 %

95.0 3.9 %

4.3 0.2 %

36.1 53.0 121.2 135.9 488.3 23.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 124.2 11.7 216.4 0.0 26.2 43.6 3.3 49.0 0.0 129.0 87.9 303.9 25.6 84.8 9.4 42.5 185.5 190.1 60.8

25.2 23.7 34.6 29.9 213.8 9.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 65.0 10.7 131.3 0.0 18.7 20.4 3.1 39.8 0.0 102.7 36.7 27.8 24.7 49.8 2.6 19.3 35.5 14.3 47.4

0.0 21.6 74.9 32.3 167.9 3.8 0.0 1.7 0.0 10.2 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.0 2.2 0.0 2.7 2.7 255.3 0.0 27.7 5.3 9.1 57.4 13.0 9.3

2.4 0.1 7.0 58.0 57.7 8.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.1 0.4 35.2 0.0 7.0 11.6 0.2 4.8 0.0 10.8 37.8 16.0 0.0 2.0 1.2 7.3 75.2 125.8 1.7

0.0 4.9 0.6 2.1 5.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.5 0.7 44.9 0.0 0.2 1.6 0.0 0.2 0.0 5.5 4.5 3.4 0.8 5.3 0.2 4.4 6.5 4.4 1.7

1.5 0.0 1.3 10.7 35.9 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.3 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 7.3 6.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 3.5 15.7 0.7

0.0 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

110

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.9.1 Gross Heat Generation Total – EU-28 – 1990-2013 (PJ – GCV) 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Gross Heat Generation – By Fuel – 1990-2013 (PJ – GCV) 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Solid Fuels Nuclear Other

Petroleum and Products Renewables

Gases Wastes, Non-Renewable

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

111

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.10 Transport 2.10.1 Fuels Final Consumption

Motor Gasoline

LPG

Final Consumption Biofuels

Biodiesel

Biogasoline

ktoe 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Gas/Diesel Oil

Petroleum Products and Biofuels – EU-28 Final Consumption Petroleum Products



278 157 280 278 289 574 292 980 296 425 300 217 310 135 315 817 327 201 336 603 337 457 339 879 342 714 347 119 356 234 357 839 363 309 367 258 359 999 345 897 343 432 340 831 329 156 326 761

105 883 108 539 113 975 116 833 120 165 123 242 129 853 133 769 141 983 148 325 153 228 158 934 164 099 171 887 181 321 185 938 193 363 199 214 197 888 192 193 195 434 195 318 191 173 191 628

138 207 138 682 140 917 140 392 138 988 138 156 139 593 139 108 139 426 140 082 134 175 131 828 129 805 124 795 120 889 115 358 111 319 107 439 101 918 97 251 91 802 88 026 82 238 79 337

2 706 2 620 2 477 2 592 2 773 3 004 3 135 3 457 3 557 3 535 3 662 3 875 4 119 4 286 4 571 4 714 4 899 4 909 5 047 5 257 5 292 5 499 5 458 5 763

6 6 22 52 139 216 317 432 408 455 709 836 1 109 1 420 1 927 3 279 5 459 7 677 9 845 11 678 13 067 13 579 14 361 13 014

6 6 15 25 111 187 274 368 335 383 636 752 930 1 168 1 603 2 565 4 013 5 891 7 773 9 357 10 222 10 721 11 492 10 293

0 0 5 24 25 24 39 55 63 60 58 65 158 241 304 560 855 1 163 1 812 2 264 2 806 2 846 2 858 2 717

EU-28 – Fuels Consumption in the Transport Sector – 1990-2013 (ktoe) 400 000

Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline LPG Biodiesel Biogasoline

Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels

350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

112

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.10.2 Biofuels By Fuel – EU-28

ktoe 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

6 7 20 48 135 222 313 401 383 441 709 886 1 186 1 472 2 155 3 405 5 501 7 516 8 905 10 678 11 748 10 584 11 590 12 841

6 7 16 25 95 188 268 338 310 369 634 789 997 1 183 1 780 2 531 3 689 5 351 6 678 8 013 8 935 8 494 9 210 9 869

of Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil

of Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline

Share in Transport Fuels

Biogasoline

Biodiesel

Total Biofuels

Production

Total Biofuels



% 0 0 2 18 25 24 39 53 63 58 59 70 159 239 266 480 741 1 037 1 404 1 719 1 991 1 764 2 056 2 581

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 0.9 % 1.5 % 2.0 % 2.7 % 3.3 % 3.7 % 3.8 % 4.2 % 3.8 %

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.5 % 0.8 % 1.1 % 1.7 % 2.3 % 3.0 % 3.1 % 3.4 % 3.3 %

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 0.6 % 0.7 % 0.9 % 1.4 % 2.0 % 2.9 % 3.8 % 4.6 % 5.0 % 5.2 % 5.7 % 5.1 %

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

113

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.10.2 Biofuels

Production Biofuels – EU-28 – 1990-2013 (ktoe)

14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Total Biofuels Other Liquid Biofuels

Biogasoline

Biodiesel

Biofuels Share in Transport Fuels – EU-28 – 1990-2013 (%) 8 %

6 %

4 %

2 %

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0 %

Total Biofuels

Source: Eurostat, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

114

of Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline in Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.11 Energy Efficiency 2.11.1 Energy Intensity

All Fuels toe/M€ '2010 EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 174 100 %

2000 155 90 %

2005 149 86 %

2010 138 79 %

2012 130 75 %

2013 129 74 %

198 953 398 104 159 722 135 151 144 158 237 115 168 485 597 148 379 175 161 124 521 151 551 269 503 237 205 169

188 748 359 88 145 470 112 149 142 145 221 112 170 318 389 121 316 149 137 114 361 151 442 231 437 206 163 151

172 618 325 81 141 376 93 137 141 144 202 115 150 252 330 136 280 163 139 124 323 157 357 220 355 192 149 132

168 483 286 83 129 418 92 127 120 134 190 109 144 257 242 118 264 140 137 118 280 135 282 200 266 198 138 117

147 484 271 74 119 367 82 144 122 126 185 106 135 229 230 111 240 141 129 110 255 133 274 197 238 183 132 109

152 440 269 75 121 396 81 132 114 126 180 104 124 216 210 105 228 118 129 110 252 136 243 196 243 182 128 106

Energy Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (toe/M€ '2010) 200 150 100

EU-28

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

115

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.11.2 Energy per Capita

All Fuels kgoe/cap EU-28 Index 1995

1995 3 457 100 %

2000 3 541 102 %

2005 3 678 106 %

2010 3 485 101 %

2012 3 322 96 %

2013 3 277 95 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

5 321 2 699 4 038 3 863 4 184 3 834 3 072 2 244 2 592 4 063 1 520 2 846 3 019 1 860 2 380 8 117 2 535 1 998 4 700 3 406 2 582 2 058 2 042 3 053 3 304 5 733 5 831 3 830

5 788 2 268 4 000 3 697 4 165 3 549 3 792 2 591 3 071 4 231 1 761 3 060 3 477 1 632 2 018 8 362 2 478 2 054 4 746 3 617 2 317 2 457 1 634 3 243 3 389 6 285 5 511 3 915

5 634 2 553 4 409 3 609 4 146 4 132 3 669 2 832 3 303 4 382 2 061 3 222 3 438 2 051 2 622 10 307 2 737 2 407 4 993 4 177 2 417 2 616 1 839 3 661 3 532 6 582 5 647 3 874

5 637 2 359 4 248 3 613 4 073 4 613 3 332 2 575 2 792 4 119 1 993 2 921 3 303 2 207 2 191 9 145 2 581 2 229 5 214 4 137 2 615 2 297 1 768 3 534 3 290 6 922 5 415 3 382

4 955 2 496 4 074 3 216 3 890 4 615 3 005 2 493 2 734 3 938 1 902 2 756 2 913 2 231 2 375 8 395 2 374 2 319 4 882 4 003 2 537 2 137 1 763 3 402 3 089 6 410 5 232 3 187

5 108 2 306 4 014 3 225 3 950 5 077 2 985 2 209 2 549 3 935 1 838 2 638 2 540 2 219 2 261 7 953 2 299 1 986 4 832 3 983 2 549 2 162 1 618 3 336 3 189 6 238 5 118 3 136

Energy per Capita – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (kgoe/cap) 4 000 3 000 2 000

EU-28

1 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

116

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.11.3 Final Electricity per Capita

All Fuels kWh/cap EU-28 Index 1995

1995 4 674 100 %

2000 5 190 111 %

2005 5 615 120 %

2010 5 628 120 %

2012 5 511 118 %

2013 5 450 117 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

6 752 3 413 4 654 5 905 5 525 3 162 4 124 3 205 3 578 5 762 2 133 4 192 3 416 1 797 1 751 12 200 2 686 3 333 5 349 5 877 2 343 2 873 1 603 4 698 4 052 12 768 14 112 5 079

7 568 2 969 4 807 6 080 5 882 3 579 5 333 3 952 4 681 6 323 2 673 4 794 4 317 1 891 1 771 13 215 2 883 4 018 6 142 6 433 2 579 3 729 1 513 5 289 4 075 14 620 14 509 5 601

7 657 3 323 5 403 6 175 6 333 4 445 5 854 4 589 5 548 6 697 3 344 5 171 5 362 2 559 2 401 13 206 3 206 4 601 6 405 7 088 2 762 4 410 1 823 6 368 4 242 15 390 14 474 5 775

7 655 3 597 5 439 5 835 6 512 5 181 5 575 4 763 5 257 6 835 3 692 5 003 5 886 2 963 2 690 13 015 3 421 4 343 6 433 7 453 3 091 4 718 2 041 5 840 4 445 15 565 13 992 5 242

7 356 3 811 5 391 5 617 6 419 5 266 5 264 4 689 5 137 6 616 3 596 4 918 5 103 3 367 2 986 11 795 3 308 4 578 6 356 7 471 3 184 4 398 2 113 6 101 4 428 14 904 13 371 4 991

7 293 3 787 5 394 5 609 6 310 5 166 5 259 4 424 4 980 6 688 3 540 4 739 4 549 3 267 3 028 11 425 3 523 4 475 6 320 7 425 3 222 4 328 2 033 6 113 4 634 14 694 13 022 4 952

Final Electricity per Capita – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (kWh/cap) 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 EU-28

2 000 1 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

117

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.11.4 Primary Energy Intensity

All Fuels toe/M€ '2010 EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 163 100 %

2000 145 89 %

2005 140 86 %

2010 129 79 %

2012 122 75 %

2013 121 74 %

176 901 376 102 148 699 128 148 133 147 210 108 162 480 560 146 355 175 140 118 501 136 536 263 477 228 197 160

167 709 341 86 135 453 106 145 132 136 202 107 164 311 352 119 296 149 118 108 344 137 419 223 404 199 157 143

150 592 304 80 131 361 90 134 133 135 187 110 146 247 299 135 258 159 117 118 307 143 335 211 331 186 143 126

144 472 268 82 120 412 90 122 114 127 177 103 139 253 217 117 244 139 113 111 266 125 271 194 250 192 132 113

124 472 254 73 111 362 80 140 116 119 173 101 133 224 190 110 221 139 106 104 242 125 261 194 224 178 127 106

127 428 252 74 113 386 79 128 110 120 168 100 122 211 178 105 211 117 105 104 239 127 232 192 228 176 123 103

Primary Energy Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (toe/M€ '2010) 200 150 100 EU-28 50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

118

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2 .11 .5 Carbon Intensity

All Fuels kg CO2/toe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2 612 100 %

2000 2 539 97 %

2005 2 498 96 %

2010 2 382 91 %

2012 2 369 91 %

2013 n .a . n .a .

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2 599 2 636 3 104 3 358 2 788 3 318 3 322 4 205 2 744 1 708 2 476 2 811 3 455 2 074 1 809 2 941 2 362 4 023 2 941 2 412 3 665 2 765 2 741 2 481 2 521 2 044 1 242 2 606

2 459 2 482 3 084 3 057 2 682 3 126 3 257 4 118 2 727 1 690 2 608 2 723 3 505 1 831 1 727 2 666 2 322 4 900 2 942 2 338 3 615 2 744 2 545 2 369 2 244 1 843 1 244 2 562

2 590 2 593 2 819 2 872 2 611 3 018 3 306 3 961 2 791 1 612 2 678 2 689 3 802 1 905 1 674 2 792 2 199 6 938 2 957 2 370 3 473 2 658 2 542 2 297 2 207 1 721 1 211 2 568

2 318 2 731 2 644 2 664 2 591 3 026 2 899 3 745 2 460 1 532 2 522 2 526 3 370 2 086 2 104 2 702 2 028 6 799 2 710 2 153 3 294 2 336 2 246 2 247 2 103 1 772 1 203 2 556

2 269 2 691 2 621 2 416 2 684 2 900 2 910 3 626 2 478 1 499 2 401 2 415 3 378 1 886 2 080 2 686 1 977 7 003 2 676 2 071 3 304 2 453 2 383 2 272 2 116 1 527 1 077 2 567

n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a . n .a .

Carbon Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2013 (kg CO2/toe) 3 000

2 000 EU-28 1 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0

Source: EEA/UNFCCC May 2014, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

119

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.12 RES Indicators 2.12.1 RES Shares *

Overall and Heating & Cooling Overall RES with Aviation Cap** % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling

2005 8.7

2010 12.5

2012 14.3

2013 15.0

2005 10.3

2010 14.1

2012 16.1

2013 16.5

2.3 9.4 6.0 15.6 6.7 17.5 2.9 7.0 8.4 9.6 12.8 5.8 3.1 32.3 17.0 1.4 4.5 0.2 2.3 23.9 6.9 19.5 17.6 16.0 5.9 28.8 40.5 1.4

5.7 14.1 9.5 22.0 10.4 24.6 5.6 9.8 13.8 12.8 14.3 10.5 6.0 30.4 19.8 2.9 8.6 1.0 3.7 30.8 9.2 24.2 23.4 19.3 9.0 32.5 47.2 3.3

7.4 16.0 11.4 25.6 12.1 25.8 7.3 13.4 14.3 13.6 16.8 15.4 6.8 35.8 21.7 3.1 9.5 2.7 4.5 32.1 10.9 25.0 22.8 20.2 10.4 34.5 51.1 4.2

7.9 19.0 12.4 27.2 12.4 25.6 7.8 15.0 15.4 14.2 18.0 16.7 8.1 37.1 23.0 3.6 9.8 3.8 4.5 32.6 11.3 25.7 23.9 21.5 9.8 36.8 52.1 5.1

3.4 14.3 9.1 22.1 6.8 32.2 3.5 12.8 9.4 12.4 10.8 4.6 10.0 42.7 30.1 3.6 6.0 2.2 2.1 22.6 10.1 32.1 18.0 18.9 5.0 39.2 51.8 0.8

6.1 24.4 12.6 30.7 9.7 43.3 4.5 17.8 12.6 16.4 13.0 10.4 18.2 40.7 33.2 4.8 11.0 8.4 2.7 30.5 11.7 33.9 27.2 25.7 7.8 44.4 60.9 1.8

7.7 27.5 14.1 33.5 10.4 43.1 5.4 23.4 14.1 17.3 18.3 16.9 20.7 47.4 35.5 5.0 13.4 16.7 3.4 32.4 13.3 34.0 25.7 30.2 8.7 48.4 65.7 2.3

8.1 29.2 15.3 34.8 10.6 43.1 5.7 26.5 14.9 18.3 18.1 18.0 21.7 49.7 37.7 5.6 13.5 23.7 3.6 33.5 13.9 34.5 26.2 31.7 7.5 50.9 67.2 2.6

* Of the Gross Final Energy. ** Break in Series Between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules. Source: Eurostat, April 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

120

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.12.1 RES Shares *

Electricity and Transport RES-E – Electricity Generation % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

RES-T – Transport**

2005 14.8

2010 19.6

2012 23.5

2013 25.4

2005 1.4

2010 4.8

2012 5.1

2013 5.4

2.4 9.3 3.7 24.7 10.5 1.1 7.2 8.2 19.1 13.8 32.8 16.3 0.0 43.0 3.8 3.2 4.4 0.0 6.3 62.4 2.7 27.7 28.8 28.7 13.5 26.9 50.9 4.1

7.1 12.7 7.5 32.7 18.1 10.4 14.5 12.3 29.8 14.7 34.2 20.1 1.4 42.1 7.4 3.8 7.1 0.1 9.7 65.7 6.6 40.7 30.4 32.1 17.8 27.6 56.0 7.4

11.3 15.8 11.6 38.7 23.6 15.8 19.5 16.4 33.5 16.4 35.5 27.4 4.9 44.9 10.9 4.6 6.1 1.0 10.5 66.5 10.7 47.6 33.6 31.4 20.1 29.5 60.0 10.8

12.3 18.9 12.8 43.1 25.6 13.0 20.9 21.2 36.4 16.9 38.7 31.3 6.6 48.8 13.1 5.3 6.6 1.6 10.1 68.1 10.7 49.2 37.5 32.8 20.8 31.1 61.8 13.9

0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 3.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.7 0.4 0.8 0.0 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 2.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.3 1.1 0.4 3.9 0.3

4.2 1.0 4.6 0.9 6.0 0.2 2.4 1.9 4.7 6.1 0.5 4.6 2.0 3.3 3.6 2.0 4.7 0.5 3.1 8.7 6.3 5.3 3.2 2.8 4.8 3.8 7.2 3.1

4.4 0.3 5.6 5.5 6.9 0.3 4.1 1.0 0.4 7.1 0.4 5.8 0.0 3.1 4.8 2.2 4.6 3.1 5.0 7.8 6.1 0.4 4.0 2.9 4.8 0.4 12.9 3.7

4.3 5.6 5.7 5.7 6.3 0.2 5.0 1.1 0.4 7.2 2.1 5.0 1.1 3.1 4.6 3.9 5.3 3.3 5.0 7.5 6.0 0.7 4.6 3.4 5.3 9.9 16.7 4.4

* Of the Gross Final Energy. ** Break in Series Between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules. Source: Eurostat, April 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

121

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.12.1 RES Shares *

In the Gross Final Energy – EU-28 (%)

30 %

25 %

20 %

15 %

10 %

5 %

0 %

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Overall RES with Aviation Cap – All Fuels RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport

* Break in Series Between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules. Source: Eurostat, April 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

122

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.13 Energy Prices 2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

Automotive Diesel Oil – All Taxes Included Current Prices (€/litre) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2006 1.04 1.04 1.10 1.11 0.87 1.10 1.01 1.00 1.08 1.17 0.90 0.87 0.89 0.92 1.03 1.02 1.08 1.04 1.02 1.05 1.00 1.06 1.04 1.15 1.40

2010 1.16 1.02 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.10 1.22 1.25 1.08 1.14

2011 1.37 1.18 1.39 1.41 1.38 1.27 1.41 1.47 1.27 1.33

1.21 1.07 1.07 1.04 1.02 1.16 1.07 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.15 1.05 1.15 1.11 1.13 1.25 1.39

1.44 1.25 1.27 1.23 1.17 1.36 1.30 1.35 1.33 1.22 1.37 1.24 1.24 1.34 1.37 1.51 1.60

2013 1.40 1.33 1.39 1.48 1.43 1.32 1.51 1.39 1.36 1.35 1.30 1.66 1.41 1.31 1.32 1.22 1.44 1.38 1.42 1.36 1.31 1.39 1.32 1.38 1.39 1.52 1.65 1.66

2014 1.35 1.30 1.32 1.45 1.36 1.27 1.46 1.35 1.31 1.29 1.30 1.61 1.42 1.26 1.27 1.17 1.35 1.36 1.41 1.30 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.36 1.34 1.49 1.54 1.66

2015* 1.19 1.14 1.16 1.31 1.21 1.12 1.28 1.20 1.15 1.19 1.17 1.44 1.25 1.09 1.09 1.07 1.20 1.29 1.27 1.15 1.11 1.21 1.23 1.21 1.17 1.33 1.40 1.61

* Average 1 Jan −15 Jun. Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

123

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

EurO-Super 95 – All Taxes Included Current Prices (€/litre) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2006 1.29 1.07 1.28 1.28 0.87 1.12 1.05 1.07 1.24 0.00 1.29 1.03 0.88 0.90 1.09 1.06 1.12 1.41 1.09 1.07 1.28 1.06 1.06 1.29 1.23 1.34

2010 1.40 1.03 1.25 1.44 1.39 1.11 1.30 1.43 1.16 1.34 0.00 1.36 1.06 1.09 1.18 1.16 1.22 1.19 1.49 1.19 1.13 1.37 1.07 1.20 1.25 1.43 1.34 1.36

* Average 1 Jan – 15 Jun. Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

124

2011 1.54 1.17 1.41 1.61 1.53 1.24 1.48 1.67 1.32 1.50 0.00 1.55 1.21 1.28 1.32 1.29 1.37 1.38 1.64 1.36 1.24 1.54 1.23 1.29 1.44 1.56 1.54 1.54

2013 1.58 1.32 1.40 1.68 1.60 1.31 1.59 1.69 1.43 1.54 1.37 1.75 1.38 1.35 1.38 1.34 1.41 1.47 1.74 1.39 1.31 1.58 1.28 1.49 1.49 1.64 1.67 1.58

2014 1.53 1.28 1.32 1.65 1.54 1.28 1.53 1.65 1.39 1.49 1.38 1.72 1.41 1.29 1.32 1.30 1.33 1.44 1.70 1.35 1.26 1.53 1.34 1.45 1.45 1.61 1.57 1.59

2015* 1.38 1.12 1.14 1.51 1.41 1.13 1.37 1.49 1.24 1.37 1.25 1.55 1.22 1.13 1.15 1.18 1.17 1.37 1.57 1.21 1.11 1.43 1.21 1.31 1.29 1.46 1.43 1.51

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

Consumer Prices of Petroleum Products EU-28 Weighted Average* (€ per litre)

0.0018

0.0016

0.0014

0.0012

0.0010

0.0008

0.0006

0.0004

0.0002

0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Euro-Super 95 LPG

Automotive Gas Oil

Heating Gas Oil

*All Taxes Included. Uncomplete EU-28 series for the period 2005-2013 due to later accesion to the Eu of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

125

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.13.2 Fuel Prices* – Domestic Consumers Gas – Band D2 20GJ < Consumption < 200GJ – 2ND Semester** €/GJ (GCV) EU-28

2008 17.17

2009 14.57

2010 15.70

2012 19.42

2013 19.59

2014 19.98

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

20.24 10.86 14.69 27.21 21.17 10.30 18.05 0.00 18.14 16.06 7.70 13.88

14.33 9.67 13.11 23.64 16.35 10.07 15.29 0.00 14.88 16.20 9.10 10.52

16.78 11.98 14.35 26.81 15.86 11.14 14.63 0.00 15.00 15.98 10.54 11.28

20.39 15.44 18.36 26.53 18.01 14.38 18.68 28.25 23.98 18.95 13.11 15.57

18.55 14.39 15.98 27.14 19.13 13.21 20.07 24.66 24.78 20.24 13.00 13.99

18.06 13.14 15.63 24.38 18.93 13.71 20.70 22.16 26.64 21.16 13.20 13.56

19.99 10.63 14.28 12.93

14.84 11.29 12.82 13.23

21.86 12.59 13.13 15.38

26.89 16.97 16.49 14.36

26.29 17.05 15.71 11.67

26.41 13.87 14.27 9.74

21.04 17.11 14.30 17.48 9.33 19.77 12.92

18.76 17.23 12.78 16.52 7.45 14.96 13.21

18.48 16.71 14.04 17.49 7.73 18.68 12.39

23.46 21.20 16.00 23.69 7.61 20.28 14.29

23.49 20.96 14.14 25.93 8.52 19.71 14.39

22.78 20.28 13.90 28.87 8.85 17.61 14.42

28.22 13.29

26.12 11.84

29.48 11.72

35.22 16.05

34.01 16.33

31.63 17.94

* All Taxes and levies Included. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

126

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.13.2 Fuel Prices* – Domestic Consumers Electricity – Band DC 2 500 kWh < Consumption < 5 000 kWh 2nd Semester** €/100 kWh EU-28

2008 16.63

2009 16.36

2010 17.26

2012 19.54

2013 20.21

2014 20.79

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

21.52 8.23 12.99 27.85 21.95 8.50 20.33 10.99 15.57 12.03 11.84 22.27 20.40 10.03 8.65 16.09 15.53 15.36 17.98 17.72 12.95 15.25 11.03 11.56 15.26 12.73 17.46 16.03

18.64 8.18 13.94 25.53 22.94 9.20 18.55 10.32 16.84 12.07 11.64 19.97 16.42 10.54 9.26 18.82 16.62 15.13 18.87 19.09 12.91 15.94 9.79 13.41 15.60 12.89 16.46 14.07

19.74 8.30 13.92 27.08 24.38 10.04 18.75 12.11 18.51 13.50 11.53 19.20 20.21 10.48 12.16 17.47 15.74 16.53 17.62 19.30 13.82 16.66 10.52 14.26 16.37 13.70 19.58 14.49

22.23 9.55 15.01 29.72 26.76 11.23 22.89 14.18 22.75 14.50 13.84 22.97 29.09 13.69 12.68 17.06 16.18 16.78 18.95 20.24 15.29 20.63 10.75 15.42 17.22 15.59 20.83 17.85

22.15 8.82 14.93 29.36 29.21 13.67 24.05 16.97 22.73 15.89 13.50 23.23 24.81 13.58 13.91 16.46 13.26 16.89 19.15 20.18 14.37 21.31 12.79 16.57 16.78 15.59 20.46 17.97

20.43 8.95 12.74 30.35 29.74 13.25 25.36 17.85 23.67 17.51 13.24 23.38 23.56 13.01 13.19 17.38 11.46 12.47 17.32 19.87 14.08 22.31 12.48 16.32 15.23 15.38 18.67 20.13

* All Taxes and levies Included. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

127

PART 2  Energy in the EU

2.13.3 Fuel Prices* – Industrial Consumers Gas – Band I3 10 000 GJ < Consumption < 100 000 GJ 2nd Semester** €/GJ (GCV) EU-28

2008 12.88

2009 9.96

2010 10.95

2012 12.74

2013 13.38

2014 12.36

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

13.04 8.91 13.03 18.10 16.43 10.34 12.20

10.14 7.15 9.00 18.36 11.44 7.66 8.08

9.91 10.10 12.08 19.64 13.19 9.43 9.66

10.48 12.84 7.82 12.45

8.73 10.34 9.13 8.62

9.54 11.46 13.46 9.19

11.65 13.32 11.27 21.80 12.70 11.93 12.95 18.12 12.44 13.28 16.03 12.26

11.52 11.72 11.15 23.76 15.82 11.76 14.60 15.81 12.67 12.71 14.75 11.69

9.83 11.38 10.23 21.73 13.27 12.29 12.76 14.49 12.57 12.36 13.96 10.72

12.99 14.33 12.04 14.06

9.30 9.09 10.65 12.57

10.70 11.37 12.46 12.42

13.39 15.49 15.08 16.42

12.46 13.73 13.26 16.87

11.97 12.59 11.61 13.82

12.34

12.15 12.59 10.20 7.59 7.06 11.54 10.60 9.70 20.48 6.96

10.74 13.42 11.01 9.82 7.57 14.17 12.16 11.23 22.27 7.43

12.22 14.48 12.80 14.35 9.09 18.36 13.76 16.26 27.45 11.26

12.11 14.28 12.45 14.34 9.93 16.26 12.89 16.13 26.30 11.94

11.20 13.35 12.45 15.16 10.59 14.83 12.54 19.26 22.26 11.57

11.39 9.67 9.24 15.19 15.61 11.40 23.13 10.21

* All Taxes and levies Included. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

128

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

2.13.3 Fuel Prices* – Industrial Consumers Electricity – Band IC 500 MWh < Consumption < 2 000 MWh 2nd Semester** €/100 kWh EU-28

2008 12.48

2009 12.53

2010 12.84

2012 14.38

2013 14.67

2014 14.90

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

11.63 7.82 13.35 22.40 14.28 7.11 16.04 10.06 12.38 7.36 11.42 17.04 20.75 9.40 9.90 10.38 14.61 17.00 12.34 12.86 11.10 9.46 11.34 11.82 15.33 8.22 9.65 12.79

13.05 7.67 13.35 21.40 15.15 7.74 13.27 10.20 12.99 7.74 11.10 15.81 17.15 10.82 9.54 12.28 16.18 13.56 13.12 13.94 11.39 9.89 9.90 11.55 16.70 8.33 8.61 11.64

12.76 7.98 12.97 22.93 15.62 8.73 12.77 11.39 12.90 8.35 11.12 16.63 19.84 10.96 12.65 10.86 13.12 19.49 11.61 13.53 12.04 9.64 10.08 12.06 14.26 8.41 10.50 11.64

13.40 9.35 12.34 24.21 17.27 9.81 15.75 13.81 14.47 9.42 11.75 20.75 27.32 13.44 13.84 10.74 12.55 19.50 11.59 13.39 11.76 14.09 10.91 11.29 15.25 9.15 9.70 14.32

13.25 8.71 11.98 24.63 19.02 11.64 15.41 14.00 14.54 10.19 11.80 19.95 23.67 13.94 14.85 10.63 12.29 19.55 11.38 13.29 10.79 13.97 11.85 11.53 15.23 9.29 9.34 14.36

13.09 10.10 9.91 24.84 19.92 11.17 14.88 14.67 14.12 10.90 11.48 20.33 22.56 13.74 14.17 10.46 11.23 19.52 10.74 12.66 10.25 14.59 10.01 10.33 14.09 8.95 8.33 16.06

* All Taxes and levies Included. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

129

Socio-economic indicators in the EU

PART

3

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Summary 3.1

Classification of the Energy Sector����������������������������������� 134 3.1.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Comparative Table����������������������������������������������������� 134

Employment��������������������������������������������������������������������� 135 3.2.1

Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15 years & over) 135

3.2.2

Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors�������������������������� 136

3.2.3

Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors������������������������� 137

Enterprises in the Energy Sector��������������������������������������� 138 3.3.1

Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector����������������������� 138

3.3.2

Turnover in the Energy Sector ���������������������������������������� 142

3.3.3

Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector 146

Economy�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 150 3.4.1

GDP at Current Market Prices����������������������������������������� 150

3.4.2

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices��������������������������� 151

3.4.3

GDP at 2010 Market Prices������������������������������������������� 152

3.4.4

GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices������������������������������ 153

Demography������������������������������������������������������������������� 154 3.5.1

Population��������������������������������������������������������������� 154

133

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.1 Classification of the Energy Sector* 3.1.1 Comparative Table

Eurostat (NACE) and UN (ISIC) Classifications NACE rev 2 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 05.10: Mining of Hard Coal 05.20: Mining of Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas 06.10: Extraction of Crude Petroleum 06.20: Extraction of Natural Gas B07: Mining of Metal Ores 07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08: Other Mining and Quarrying 08.92: Extraction of Peat B09: Mining Support Service Activities 09.10: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 19.10: Manufacture of Coke Oven Products 19.20: Manufacture of Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 35.11: Production of Electricity Power Generation, Hydroelectric Power Generation, Fossil Fuel Power Generation, Nuclear Electric Power Generation, Solar Electric Power Generation, Wind Electric Power Generation, Geothermal Electric Power Generation, Biomass Electric Power Generation, Tidal 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity

05.10 05.20 06.10 06.20 07.21 08.92 09.10 19.10 19.20 35.10

35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains

35.20

35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

35.30

* Broad Definition, The Narrow Definition only Includes Division D35. Source: Eurostat, UN, June 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

134

ISIC 4

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.2 Employment 3.2.1 Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15 years & over)

Member States Data* – EU-28 Thousands

2008

2010

2012

2013

2014

B05 Mining of coal and lignite

342.7

332.9

328.9

326.8

313.7

B06 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas

100.2

104.6

97.9

97.0

98.9

12.5

12.1

11.6

11.6

11.7

47.3

50.6

53.2

56.7

56.0

244.4

221.3

208.2

208.9

200.1

1 555.4

1 659.4

1 664.7

1 629.1

1 594.7

B0892 Extraction of peat B091 Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction** C19 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products** D35 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Broad Sector Total Employment***

2 302.57 2 380.85

2 364.5 2 330.05 2 275.11

* According to the Labour Force Survey (LFS), 15 years or Over, June 2015. ** According to the Structural Business Survey (SBS) and DG ENERGY estimates. *** Estimate of total employment as a sum of available and uncomplete figures presented in the table. Italics: DG Energy Estimations Source: Eurostat, LFS Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

135

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.2.2 Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors

Member States’ Data – All Sectors (15-64 years) % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2000

2005 63.4

2010 64.1

2012 64.1

2013 64.1

2014 64.9

60.5 50.4 65.0 76.3 65.6 60.3 65.2 56.5 56.3 62.1

61.1 55.8 64.8 75.9 65.5 64.8 67.6 59.6 63.6 63.7 55.0 57.6 68.5 62.1 62.9 63.6 56.9 53.6 73.2 67.4 52.8 67.3 57.6 66.0 57.7 68.4 72.5 71.7

62.0 59.7 65.0 73.3 71.1 61.2 59.6 59.1 58.8 63.9 57.4 56.8 68.9 58.5 57.6 65.2 54.9 56.2 74.7 70.8 58.9 65.3 60.2 66.2 58.8 68.1 72.1 69.4

61.8 58.8 66.5 72.6 73.0 67.1 58.8 50.8 55.8 63.9 53.5 56.6 64.6 63.0 62.0 65.8 56.7 59.1 75.1 71.4 59.7 61.4 60.2 64.1 59.7 69.4 73.8 69.9

61.8 59.5 67.7 72.5 73.5 68.5 60.5 48.8 54.8 64.1 52.5 55.5 61.7 65.0 63.7 65.7 58.1 60.8 74.3 71.4 60.0 60.6 60.1 63.3 59.9 68.9 74.4 70.5

61.9 61.0 69.0 72.8 73.8 69.6 61.7 49.4 56.0 64.2 54.6 55.7 62.1 66.3 65.7 66.6 61.8 62.3 73.9 71.1 61.7 62.6 61.0 63.9 61.0 68.7 74.9 71.9

53.7 65.7 57.5 59.1 62.7 56.3 54.2 72.9 68.5 55.0 68.4 63.0 62.8 56.8 67.2 73.0 71.2

Source: Eurostat, LFS, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

136

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.2.3 Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors*

Member States’ Data – All Sectors (15-64 years) % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2000 8.9

2005 9.0

2010 9.6

2012 10.5

2013 10.9

2014 10.2

6.9 16.4 8.8 4.3 7.9 14.6 4.3 11.2 11.9 8.6 15.8 10.0 4.8 14.3 16.4 2.2 6.3 6.7 3.7 3.9 16.1 5.1 7.6 6.7 18.9 9.8 5.6 5.4

8.5 10.1 7.9 4.8 11.2 8.0 4.4 10.0 9.2 8.9 13.0 7.7 5.3 10.0 8.3 4.6 7.2 6.9 5.9 5.6 17.9 8.8 7.1 6.5 16.4 8.4 7.7 4.8

8.3 10.3 7.3 7.5 7.0 16.7 13.9 12.7 19.9 9.3 11.7 8.4 6.3 19.5 17.8 4.6 11.2 6.9 5.0 4.8 9.7 12.0 7.0 7.3 14.5 8.4 8.6 7.8

7.6 12.3 7.0 7.5 5.4 10.0 14.7 24.5 24.8 9.8 16.0 10.7 11.9 15.0 13.4 5.1 11.0 6.3 5.8 4.9 10.1 15.8 6.8 8.9 14.0 7.7 8.0 7.9

8.4 13.0 7.0 7.0 5.2 8.6 13.1 27.5 26.1 10.2 17.3 12.1 15.9 11.9 11.8 5.9 10.2 6.4 7.3 5.4 10.3 16.4 7.1 10.1 14.2 8.2 8.0 7.6

8.5 11.4 6.1 6.6 5.0 7.4 11.3 26.5 24.5 10.2 17.3 12.7 16.1 10.8 10.7 6.0 7.7 5.9 7.4 5.6 9.0 14.1 6.8 9.7 13.2 8.7 7.9 6.1

* Annual Average, Total. Source: Eurostat, LFS, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

137

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.3 Enterprises in the Energy Sector 3.3.1 Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector *

Enterprises Survey – EU-28 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1: Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2: Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3: Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Total

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

138

2011 212

2012 218

2013** 233

384

395

458

4 955

1 921

1 862

906

965

1205

1 114

1 153

1 205

63 200

70 066

97 000

56 429 50 688 244 2 583 2 914 1 817 248

63 000 57 739 229 2 223 3 050 1 815 287

90 097 82 573 327 3 179 4 362 2 000 316

810

787

867

755 4 900

735 4 980

810 5 355

4 900

4 980

5 355

66 771

73 718

100 963

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.3.1 Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector*

Enterprises Survey

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

2008 298

2010 222

2008 315

2010 314

0 23

23

9

0 7

0 7 0

0 6 0

24 11 0 5 0

10 4 1

9 4 1

4 110 10 0

48 6 1

32 0 0

56 0 0

0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 59 0 37 1

0 0 0 0 14

0 44 0 38 2

0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 48 0 35 2

4 61 7 5 0 0 4 0 10 0 45 2 28 0 10 1

0

0

0

0 1

0

4 32 4 3 0 1 4 0 13 0 48 2 54 0 21 1 0 0

22

23

105

98

0 3 0 0 12 0

2012 2013** 218 233 0 24 12 0 0

0 0 57 0 35 1

2012 2013** 395 458 0 7 5 9 4 2

57 4 12 0 1 4 0 11 0 33 2 53 0 30 1

0 6 5 1 2

5 58 4 0 1 4 0 10 45 52 0 34 1

0

0

151

158

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

139

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.3.1 Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector*

Enterprises Survey Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

Extraction of Peat** (B08.92) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 1 011

2010 936

2011 955

2012 921

2008 830

2010 896

0

0 10

0 10

0 8

4

6

4 74 39

3 103 40 8

3 81 41

47 0

4 27 0 7 0 49 27 0 13 0 7 8 42 0 7 0

5 19 0 4 0 46 25 0 15 0 8 8 37 0 8 0

24

0 8 7 49 0 10 0

0 6 23 0 12 0 49 24 0 15 0 7 7 45 0 8 0

519 87 24

463 82 25

463 79 23

471 77 22

7 90 38

6 2 0 0 54 20 0

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Data for 2013 on B08.92 is not released. *** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

140

2012 2013*** 965 1 058

35

9 12 5 49

11 5 21

0 0

0 0

0 0

8

36 7

38 39 8 44

48 48 6

0 0 0 0 29

0 0 0 0 40

1 0 0 36

1 0 0 35

103 6 52 1 93 3

116 8 90 1 91 3

139 4 102 0 92 3

0 39 267

0 45 270

0 50 251

201 6 92 0 90 4 3 0 58 286

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.3.1 Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector*

Enterprises Survey Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 1 274

2010 1 168

5 95 5

22 14 34 6 99 6

16 10 34 0 100 7

7 13 88 19 353

7 18 52 17 328

55 20 67 18 320

61 14 60 15

3 5 0 10

13 6 0 9

10 6 0 14

9 7 0 14

37 5 158 5 33 5

42 4 165 8 54 3

35 4 146 15 38 5

38 4 175 14 42 7

13 44 245

15 45 170

17 40 148

16 39 134

21 22 4 86 9

22 17

2012 2013** 1 153 1 205

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35) 2008 2010 33 758 52 106

583 1 264 1 692 1 589 181

301 1 091

5 12 004 3 866 133 2 472 1 279 213 60 542

1 681 1 722 223 236 10 13 098 14 337 234 4 028 4 381 253 67 611

558 1 512 1 788 665 506 417 203 722 1 528 478

678 1 878 2 047 730 885 648 294 736 1 828 651

2012 2013** 70 066 97 000 533 1 703 5 991 1 902 1 899 231 211 18 13 986 18 554 388 8 926

581 1 785 8 382 1 820 1 899 225 231 18 13 867 20 423 513

454 488 74 670

480 766 72 674

765 2 142 2 730 881 1 050 1 305 358 783 2 182 1 829

950 2 201 2 547 870 1 345 1 526 430 796 2 268 2 578

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

141

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.3.2 Turnover in the Energy Sector *

Enterprises Survey – EU-28 Mio EUR 2011 2012 2013** B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 16 365.1 15 314.2 13 365.1 B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and 172 310.9 173 009.3 174 919.3 Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat 1 848.0 1 941.1 1 531.2 B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and 13 604.3 14 721.3 17 363.8 Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and 608 648.9 626 195.9 690 112.4 Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and 1 352 488.8 1 439 488.1 1 715 584.8 Air Conditioning Supply D35.1: Electricity 1 066 428.3 1 099 629.0 1 334 375.4 35.11: Production of Electricity 321 547.1 331 557.7 402 337.9 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 51 471.5 53 073.9 64 404.1 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 221 571.8 228 469.9 277 243.2 35.14: Trade of Electricity 471 837.8 486 527.3 590 390.1 D35.2: Gas 250 655.4 302 609.0 333 246.6 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 6051.5 7 305.8 8 045.5 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels 71 228.1 85 991.6 94 697.8 through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains 173 299.1 209 219.0 230 401.3 D35.3: Steam and Air Conditioning 36 000.0 37 250.1 47 962.8 35.30: Steam and 36 000.0 37 250.1 47 962.8 Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Total

2 165 266.0 2 270 669.9 2 612 876.6

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

142

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.3.2 Turnover in the Energy Sector*

Enterprises Survey Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05) Mio EUR 2008 2010 2012 2013** EU-28 16 674.9 15 273.8 15 212.1 13 365.1 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

0.0 326.6

2008 2010 2012 2013** 176 436.0 146 788.7 181 263.9 174 919.3

0.0 347.9 287.5 2 464.4 2 097.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 015.8 3 921.4 2 895.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.0 858.2 47.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.2 0.0 0.0 7 212.1 0.0 485.1

0.0

331.1

595.6

580.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

1 024.8 1 112.4

0.0 25.5

0.0 103.9

0.0 80.7

9 239.9 7 049.9 7 303.3 6 726.5 3 829.2 2 762.1 3 229.1

433.8 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 10.9 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 974.2 6 785.3 6 669.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 357.9 235.6 102.0

0.0

40.9

77.9 851.0

79.7 728.4

108.0 859.5

116.4 711.8

48 042.4 46 241.0 67 624.6 67 394.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.2 68.5 95.1 76.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.1 81.1 108.1 135.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 37 828.5 34 861.9 44 547.8 46 068.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 472.7 4 191.4 5 301.5 5 051.5

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0

65 153.9 44 979.9 46 160.4 42 555.1

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

143

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.3.2 Turnover in the Energy Sector*

Enterprises Survey Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

Extraction of Peat** (B08.92) Mio EUR 2008 2010 2011 2012 EU-28 1 651.4 1 837.0 1 848.0 1 738.1 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

0.0

0.0 0.6

0.0 1.5

0.0 0.9

417.5 77.3

386.5 92.9 241.2

370.8 83.5

0.0 10.5 74.2 0.0 11.8 0.0 101.4 39.9 0.0 3.2 0.0

10.2 91.4 0.0 8.6 0.0 105.1 46.7 0.0 2.8 0.0

9.2 61.2 0.0 3.8 0.0 120.1 49.7 0.0 2.6 0.0

39.3 0.0 1.1 0.0

0.0 0.3 0.0

46.1 0.0 0.6 0.0

45.9 0.0 0.9 0.0

460.1 38.3

554.4 30.7

549.2 34.2 122.8

517.3 34.7 75.9

2008 2010 2011 2013*** 13 587.4 14 661.9 15 381.2 17 363.8

1.2

614.1

490.3

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

301.7

123.2 491.0

226.1 539.7

510.2

422.7

0.0 0.0 132.5

0.0 0.0 130.5

16.0 330.1 0.0 613.7

26.9 424.9 0.0 796.4

358.5 348.8 71.5

11.6

0.0 0.0 32.5 0.0 0.0

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Data for 2013 on B08.92 is not released. *** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

144

12.7 0.4

0.0

60.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 146.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.8

11.3 213.9

13.6 377.7

973.4

874.0

205.2 0.0 0.0 202.0 182.3 7 537.0 8 374.6 8 806.2 9 952.7 0.0

0.0

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.3.2 Turnover in the Energy Sector*

Enterprises Survey Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Mio EUR 2008 2010 2012 2013** EU-28 547 992.2 524 276.7 685 390.3 690 112.4 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35) 2008

48 074.1 63 875.7 59 251.3 5 489.3

2012 2013***

43 772.3 41 575.2 39 765.2 7313.3

5 021.9

2010

1 149 803.8 1 352 488.8 1 560 892.2 1 715 584.8

4 835.4

7 279.0

30 927.4

8 446.3

7995.2

47 542.4 45 252.0

20 410.1 20 377.5 24 271.7 25 157.8 134 361.4 120 831.6 147 203.9 97 440.3 179.9

178.0

290.8

357 896.1 426 881.7 588 644.7 644 751.0

297.0

1 542.3

17 296.6 15 339.6 21 307.9 20 331.1

5 977.0

1 833.5

2 067.3

6 706.4

7 862.4

2 244.0 8 090.1

5 942.7 11 455.3

9 844.0

44 349.3 34 773.4 57 630.2 53 508.0

74 338.8 59 705.8 99 459.6 93 620.4

69 128.4 61 248.1 70 354.9 80 537.3

106 500.6 109 648.6 119 308.1 120 089.2

38.9

3 147.9

48 947.8 46 037.6 71 424.9 61 141.0 0.6

3 684.4

4 113.8

4 336.7

156 801.7 160 950.4 220 848.5 214 414.2

0.7

738.2

782.3

2 390.8

2 310.5

2 780.0

2 690.3

3 279.1

3 436.3

3 125.0

2 252.1

1 951.3

2 643.2

3 118.4

1 980.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

9 384.0

8 297.8

9 278.8

8 728.3

26 852.9 22 059.2 20 142.6 18 334.0

37 272.3 56 872.0 52 344.4

38 660.1 41 196.8 40 934.5 38 759.4

10579.0

9586.2

27553.5

28 312.7 27 575.0 37 847.3 34 880.3 4 112.9 14.6

29297.1

38575.0 37 355.9

44 091.4 42 566.6 48 158.0 46 297.7

8 253.7 10 413.3 10 893.3

16 854.6 16 166.0 18 251.7 18 106.9

3 272.0

13 180.6 12 077.5 13 391.7 12 671.6

4 727.5

4 323.3

3.6

8.1

3 580.0

4 034.3

6 591.9

5 949.9

11 021.1 11 351.0 14 001.3 12 834.5 12 179.0 11 912.0

12 012.3 14 454.6 13 709.5 12 563.2

49 837.4 44 763.5 66 213.8 57 838.8

107 875.7 109 515.1 130 074.0 131 000.7

1 526.2

24 823.9 28 485.9 30 870.6 30 374.3

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Provisional data. *** Data for 2013 on B08.92 is not released. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

145

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.3.3 Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector *

Enterprises Survey – EU-28 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1: Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2: Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3: Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Employment Reported

146

2012 215 100

2013** 196 700

78 600

79 200

77 900

12 100

11 600

11 600

51 200

53 200

56 700

125 800

127 500

126 200

1 230 000

1 227 300

1 200 000

916 300 437 700 49 700 326 600 102 400 158 800 7 634

916 800 438 800 52 400 327 700 97 900 158 100 7 600

902 200 431 812 51 566 322 481 96 341 152 300 7 321

107 100

106 800

102 882

43 994 157 238

43 800 152 300

42 193 152 253

157 238

152 300

152 253

1 720 100

1 713 900

1 669 100

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

2011 222 400

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.3.3 Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector*

Enterprises Survey Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05) 2008 2010 2012 2013** EU-28 253 883 231 167 215 100 192 500 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

0 13 905

13 269

0 38 415 0

0 33 672 0

159 7 311

6 105 28

0 0 18 0 0 121 0 0 138 338 0 20 804

0 12 941 12 534 22 482 21 597 0 0 27 044 25 653 0 0

4 755 0 0

4 012 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111 215 228 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 124 925 121 920 116 763 0 0 0 18 011 11 488 5 758

0

0

0

5 944

6 023

7 977

0

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06) 2008 2010 88 205 81 574

2012 2013** 79 200 77 900

0

0

0

444 3 544

566 3 754

955 3 842

936 3 644

215

242 814

326 692

339 656

13 047 0 0 351 0 36 0 3 076

12 116 0 1 252 0 75 0 3 173

12 898 0 16 279 0 84 0 3 386

12 908 0 15 269 0 82

0 38 538

0 30 546

0 26 549 1

0 25 680 1

0

0 0

0

0

13 405

15 300

15 099

14 363

3 627

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

147

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.3.3 Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector*

Enterprises Survey Extraction of Peat** (B08.92) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 2010 12 537 12 080 0

2011 12 100

2012 11 600

2008 2010 47 333 50 570

0 52

0 111

0 122

14

2003 1 153

1 942 1 105 1 511

1 881 1 057

0

39 283 0 19 0 1 972 1 134 0 113

38

224

1 716 1 912 1 276

57

0 0 1 970 1 229 0 0 36

0 48 248 0 12 0 1 977 1 126 0 116 0 22

15

0 16 0 2 160 1 091 0 109 0 128 528 0 38 0 1 696 296 544

711 0 41 0

0 26 0

639 0 39 0

1 735 358 634

1 845 306 355

1 864 311 383

Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

0 0

2012 2013*** 53 200 56 700 10 27 547 3 529

2 823

0 0

0 0

188

217

1 696

1 789

4 0 0 1 253

1 0 0 1 207

84 5 126 0 7 526 69 754 0 101

110

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Data for 2013 on B08.92 is not released. *** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations.

148

Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

0 0 0 0 1 275

0 0 0 0 1 089

2 270 19 2 181

27 4 082

9 882

6 267

17 4 513 0 6 641

0

0

0

18 489

22 879

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.3.3 Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector*

Enterprises Survey Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2008 2010 2012 2013** EU-28 135 372 128 671 127 500 126 200

2008 2010 2012 2013** 1 243 616 1 235 936 1 227 300 1 200 000

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

19 193 18 605 19 232 36 197 34 191 33 243 32 828 32 652 32 886 33 544 13 206 11 235 11 160 10 389 221 450 221 264 222 351 223 244 6 290 5 681 5 444 5 215 9 206 10 529 10 316 23 955 22 834 21 478 21 612 47 622 48 687 50 383 38 976 170 194 178 012 16 849 16 619 16 494 15 483 84 224 86 414 88 208 87 883 1 427 1 503 1 463 12 185 10 907 10 792 11 121 18 303 15 876 12 712 13 002 1 094 1 198 1 341 1 419 27 387 25 715 25 244 24 310

4 091 2 926 19 611 1 330

19 452 1 406

4 557 8 823

4 333 8 954 15 095

16 383

4 124 2 357 2 233

4 166 2 208 2 171

19 106 19 325 1 583 1 644 3 885 9 199

4 384 8 855

16 493

415 15 852

15 333

9

12

36

30

0 6 538

0 6 329

0 6 455

0 6 106

6 652

5 908

16 606

13 623 1 887 3 960

5 586 1 207 13 503 1 861 2 985 38

5 213 1 138 13 228 1 952 2 516

5 017 93

2 480 2 748 9 998

9 756

23 869 22 882 26 458 27 056 28 218 28 685 29 129 28 849 153 286 162 409 147 917 139 933 10 151 9 386 9 194 9 033 89 511 81 111 79 663 77 393 7 828 8 207 8 713 8 936 21 641 20 034 18 547 17 885 13 430 13 463 13 805 11 064 31 151 31 115 31 469 31 788 121 447 123 965 120 535 129 496

* According to the Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS). ** Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

149

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.4 Economy 3.4.1 GDP at Current Market Prices Mrd EUR* EU-28

1995 7 279.2

2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 2014 9 552.2 11 502.1 12 789.8 13 424.4 13 518.1 13 929.2

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

221.1 257.6 311.2 365.7 388.3 395.3 402.3 11.0 14.5 23.6 36.8 40.9 41.0 42.0 45.5 66.6 109.4 156.4 160.9 157.3 154.9 141.4 178.0 212.9 241.5 250.8 252.9 257.4 1 981.2 2 113.5 2 297.8 2 576.2 2 749.9 2 809.5 2 903.8 2.9 6.2 11.3 14.7 17.6 18.7 19.5 52.8 107.8 169.2 164.9 172.8 174.8 185.4 105.0 143.5 199.2 226.2 194.2 182.4 179.1 468.9 646.3 930.6 1 080.9 1 055.2 1 049.2 1 058.5 1 231.4 1 485.3 1 772.0 1 998.5 2 091.1 2 113.7 2 142.0 17.1 23.6 36.5 45.0 43.9 43.6 43.1 895.7 1 239.8 1 490.4 1 605.7 1 615.1 1 609.5 1 616.0 7.6 10.7 14.9 19.1 19.4 18.1 17.5 4.1 8.5 13.7 18.0 22.2 23.3 24.1 5.1 12.4 21.0 28.0 33.3 35.0 36.3 16.6 23.1 29.8 39.4 43.8 45.3 47.1 35.3 51.1 90.0 97.8 98.7 100.5 103.3 2.8 4.4 5.1 6.6 7.2 7.6 8.0 340.2 448.7 540.7 631.5 640.6 642.9 655.4 183.9 213.2 253.0 294.2 317.2 322.6 329.0 108.7 186.4 244.8 359.8 386.1 396.1 413.1 91.0 128.5 158.7 179.9 168.4 169.4 173.1 28.8 40.8 80.2 126.7 133.8 144.3 150.0 16.3 21.9 29.2 36.2 36.0 36.1 37.2 15.3 22.3 39.3 67.2 72.2 73.6 75.2 102.7 136.3 164.4 187.1 199.8 202.0 204.0 201.8 281.9 313.2 369.1 423.3 436.3 429.5 944.7 1 679.3 1 940.1 1 816.6 2 041.5 2 017.2 2 222.4

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million €. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

150

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.4.2 GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices Thousand EUR/cap* EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 15.1

2000 19.6

2005 23.2

2010 25.3

2012 26.5

2013 26.6

2014 27.3

21.8 1.3 4.4 27.0 24.3 2.0 14.7 9.9 11.9 20.7 3.7 15.8 11.6 1.7 1.4 40.6 3.4 7.5 22.0 23.1 2.8 9.1 1.3 8.2 2.8 20.1 22.9 16.3

25.1 1.8 6.5 33.3 25.7 4.4 28.3 13.1 16.1 24.4 5.3 21.8 15.5 3.6 3.6 52.9 5.0 11.3 28.2 26.6 4.9 12.5 1.8 11.0 4.1 26.3 31.8 28.5

29.7 3.0 10.7 39.3 27.9 8.3 40.7 18.0 21.3 28.1 8.5 25.6 20.2 6.1 6.3 63.9 8.9 12.7 33.1 30.8 6.4 15.1 3.8 14.6 7.3 31.3 34.7 32.1

33.6 4.9 14.9 43.5 31.5 11.0 36.2 20.3 23.2 30.8 10.5 26.8 23.0 8.6 9.0 77.6 9.8 15.9 38.0 35.2 9.3 17.0 6.3 17.7 12.4 34.9 39.4 28.9

35.1 5.6 15.3 44.9 33.6 13.3 37.6 17.5 22.6 31.9 10.3 26.8 22.5 10.9 11.2 82.4 9.9 17.2 38.2 37.6 10.0 16.0 6.7 17.5 13.4 36.9 44.5 32.0

35.6 5.6 15.0 45.1 34.2 14.2 38.0 16.5 22.5 32.1 10.2 26.5 21.0 11.6 11.8 83.1 10.2 17.9 38.3 38.1 10.3 16.2 7.2 17.5 13.6 37.1 45.5 31.5

36.1 5.8 14.7 45.6 35.2 14.8 40.2 16.3 22.8 32.4 10.2 26.6 20.5 12.1 12.4 84.5 10.5 18.6 38.9 38.5 10.7 16.6 7.5 18.1 13.9 37.4 44.3 34.4

* 1 000 € per Capita. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

151

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.4.3 GDP at 2010 Market Prices Mrd EUR* EU-28

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 2014 9 628.8 11 114.8 12 218.7 12 789.8 12 946.3 12 948.8 13 122.8

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

273.0 315.0 343.4 365.7 372.1 373.1 377.0 23.8 24.8 31.9 36.8 37.7 38.1 38.7 104.7 114.4 138.7 156.4 158.2 157.0 160.2 194.3 225.4 241.0 241.5 242.7 241.5 244.3 2 143.2 2 355.4 2 423.5 2 576.2 2 678.8 2 681.6 2 724.6 7.6 10.6 14.9 14.7 16.7 16.9 17.3 81.7 129.3 163.9 164.9 169.0 169.3 177.4 158.3 189.9 229.4 226.2 192.6 185.1 186.5 710.5 867.9 1 025.4 1 080.9 1 051.8 1 038.9 1 053.3 1 535.1 1 771.7 1 923.2 1 998.5 2 046.9 2 052.7 2 060.4 29.8 35.3 44.0 45.0 43.9 43.5 43.3 1 409.6 1 556.2 1 630.7 1 605.7 1 570.4 1 543.7 1 537.3 11.7 14.2 16.9 19.1 18.7 17.7 17.3 9.5 12.2 18.2 18.0 19.8 20.7 21.2 14.5 18.2 26.4 28.0 30.9 31.9 32.8 22.5 30.3 35.3 39.4 40.3 41.1 42.4 69.1 80.2 98.5 97.8 98.1 99.6 103.2 4.3 5.4 6.0 6.6 6.9 7.1 7.4 451.7 551.5 585.1 631.5 631.8 627.3 632.7 218.4 253.5 276.0 294.2 305.9 306.6 307.6 189.8 245.3 285.8 359.8 383.6 390.2 403.7 136.9 167.1 174.5 179.9 169.5 166.8 168.3 84.0 83.0 109.8 126.7 128.9 133.3 137.0 22.6 27.9 33.2 36.2 35.5 35.1 36.1 35.2 41.9 53.6 67.2 70.1 71.1 72.8 123.4 158.1 179.6 187.1 189.2 186.7 186.5 251.4 299.7 341.2 369.1 377.8 382.7 390.8 1 312.1 1 530.6 1 768.7 1 816.6 1 858.7 1 889.6 1 942.9

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million €. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

152

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

3.4.4 GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices Thousand EUR/cap* EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 19.9

2000 22.8

2005 24.6

2010 25.3

2012 25.5

2013 25.5

2014 25.8

26.9 2.8 10.1 37.2 26.2 5.3 22.7 14.9 18.0 25.8 6.4 24.8 18.0 3.8 4.0 54.9 6.7 11.4 29.2 27.5 5.0 13.7 3.7 11.4 6.6 24.2 28.5 22.6

30.7 3.0 11.1 42.2 28.7 7.5 34.0 17.4 21.6 29.1 8.0 27.3 20.4 5.1 5.2 69.3 7.9 13.8 34.6 31.6 6.4 16.2 3.7 14.0 7.8 30.5 33.8 26.0

32.8 4.1 13.5 44.5 29.4 11.0 39.4 20.7 23.5 30.5 10.2 28.0 22.9 8.1 8.0 75.7 9.8 14.8 35.9 33.6 7.5 16.6 5.1 16.6 9.9 34.2 37.8 29.3

33.6 4.9 14.9 43.5 31.5 11.0 36.2 20.3 23.2 30.8 10.5 26.8 23.0 8.6 9.0 77.6 9.8 15.9 38.0 35.2 9.3 17.0 6.3 17.7 12.4 34.9 39.4 28.9

33.7 5.2 15.0 43.4 32.7 12.6 36.8 17.4 22.5 31.2 10.3 26.0 21.6 9.8 10.3 75.9 9.9 16.5 37.7 36.3 10.0 16.1 6.4 17.3 13.0 34.9 39.7 29.2

33.6 5.2 14.9 43.0 32.7 12.8 36.8 16.8 22.3 31.1 10.2 25.5 20.5 10.3 10.8 75.4 10.1 16.8 37.3 36.2 10.1 16.0 6.7 17.1 13.1 34.3 39.9 29.5

33.8 5.4 15.2 43.3 33.1 13.1 38.4 17.0 22.7 31.1 10.2 25.3 20.2 10.6 11.2 76.0 10.5 17.2 37.5 36.0 10.5 16.2 6.9 17.5 13.4 34.1 40.3 30.1

* 1 000 €' 2010 per Capita. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

153

PART 3  Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

3.5 Demography 3.5.1 Population

On 1st January Thousand 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013* 2014* Inhabitants EU-28 483 400.5 487 677.9 496 098.9 505 182.4 507 513.8 508 480.4 509 572.1 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

10 137.0 8 405.1 10 330.8 5 230.0 81 661.0 1 441.1 3 601.3 10 634.4 39 388.0 59 501.0 4 651.2 56 844.3 650.9 2 485.1 3 629.1 409.5 10 329.0 377.8 15 460.0 7 948.3 38 275.0 10 026.2 22 672.9 1 988.7 5 363.4 5 107.8 8 826.9 58 025.0

10 246.0 8 167.7 10 272.5 5 338.0 82 188.0 1 401.3 3 804.3 10 917.5 40 264.2 60 872.0 4 426.2 56 942.1 694.0 2 367.6 3 499.5 437.0 10 211.0 390.0 15 922.0 8 011.6 38 256.0 10 289.9 22 435.2 1 989.4 5 400.7 5 176.2 8 872.1 58 886.0

10 474.0 7 738.9 10 234.1 5 419.0 82 464.0 1 358.9 4 160.0 11 092.9 43 662.6 63 133.0 4 311.7 58 190.6 738.5 2 238.8 3 322.5 465.7 10 087.1 403.8 16 317.0 8 225.3 38 161.0 10 503.3 21 319.7 2 000.8 5 387.1 5 246.1 9 029.6 60 413.0

10 883.0 7 534.3 10 517.3 5 547.0 81 757.0 1 333.3 4 559.8 11 153.5 46 562.5 64 974.0 4 296.0 59 829.6 829.5 2 097.3 3 097.3 507.5 10 000.0 414.5 16 612.0 8 361.1 38 517.0 10 573.1 20 246.8 2 048.8 5 430.0 5 363.4 9 378.1 62 759.0

* Preliminary Data. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

154

11 054.0 7 305.9 10 509.3 5 591.0 81 917.0 1 325.2 4 590.2 11 092.8 46 766.4 65 609.0 4 268.4 60 339.1 864.0 2 033.7 2 987.8 531.5 9 920.4 419.6 16 752.0 8 426.3 38 534.0 10 514.8 20 060.2 2 056.8 5 406.2 5 414.0 9 519.4 63 705.0

11 105.0 7 270.6 10 510.7 5 613.0 82 103.0 1 320.2 4 601.8 11 027.7 46 591.9 65 899.0 4 257.5 60 646.4 861.9 2 012.8 2 957.7 545.3 9 893.1 422.5 16 800.0 8 477.2 38 502.0 10 457.3 19 985.8 2 059.6 5 413.0 5 439.0 9 600.4 64 106.0

11 157.0 7 232.8 10 523.5 5 643.0 82 407.0 1 315.8 4 614.8 10 992.8 46 464.1 66 189.0 4 232.8 60 795.3 855.9 1 995.1 2 928.9 557.8 9 863.3 427.1 16 864.0 8 537.1 38 484.0 10 394.1 19 947.3 2 061.8 5 418.6 5 462.1 9 696.1 64 511.0

Environment indicators in the EU

4

PART

PART 4  Environment Indicators in the EU

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Summary 4.1

4.2

Gases Emissions�������������������������������������������������������������� 158 4.1.1

GHGs Emissions��������������������������������������������������������� 158



EU-28 and MS – Total�������������������������������������������������� 158



EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion ���������������������������������� 159



EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion �������������������� 160



EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion��������������������������������� 161



EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion������������������������������ 162

4.1.2

CO 2 Emissions����������������������������������������������������������� 163



EU-28 and MS – Total�������������������������������������������������� 163



EU-28 and MS – Fuel Combustion����������������������������������� 164



EU-28 and MS – Other Than Fuel Combustion �������������������� 165



EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion��������������������������������� 166



EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion������������������������������ 167

Main Emissions Indicators������������������������������������������������ 168 4.2.1

CO 2 per Capita���������������������������������������������������������� 168

4.2.2

Carbon GDP Intensity�������������������������������������������������� 169

157

PART 4  Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1 Gases Emissions 4.1.1 GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Total Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

158

1995 5 451 100 %

2000 5 372 99 %

2005 5 477 100 %

2010 5 039 92 %

2012 4 824 89 %

166.2 166.6 170.6 77.7 59.9 64.6 152.4 147.0 147.0 83.1 75.0 69.1 1 139.5 1 067.1 1 025.8 20.4 17.6 18.9 60.4 70.5 72.5 124.1 140.9 147.1 339.5 409.4 468.8 571.0 584.5 583.4 23.8 26.9 31.0 540.1 563.6 590.4 8.5 10.3 11.7 13.1 10.1 12.1 22.6 20.0 23.9 10.7 10.7 14.4 79.0 77.2 79.2 3.3 4.1 7.1 266.3 265.6 274.6 81.1 82.1 94.6 442.3 397.8 400.8 74.1 87.8 91.5 175.9 134.5 141.7 18.6 19.0 20.5 53.3 49.0 50.4 72.7 72.3 71.6 79.2 75.4 75.6 751.8 727.4 718.0

159.4 61.1 138.0 66.0 980.1 20.7 64.7 128.9 386.9 540.5 29.2 515.9 11.4 13.2 21.7 13.5 68.3 6.7 262.8 86.9 409.7 74.9 116.3 19.6 45.5 76.7 74.0 646.6

140.2 61.8 132.4 55.7 972.9 19.8 60.7 121.0 381.3 514.5 26.7 475.2 10.7 12.1 22.2 13.0 62.5 7.2 245.4 82.2 401.4 73.6 119.2 19.2 42.8 63.2 65.7 622.0

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

4.1.1 GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion

Commercial/ Institutional

Residential

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

Other Combustion and Fugitive Emissions

176 3.6 %

425 8.8 %

78 1.6 %

90 1.9 %

5.9 0.3 3.3 0.8 38.2 0.0 2.1 1.3 13.5 29.1 0.5 28.2 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.6 3.4 0.1 11.2 1.4 9.2 1.1 2.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.5 20.1

17.0 1.4 7.5 2.3 94.5 0.3 6.2 7.1 17.6 57.5 1.8 49.3 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 7.6 0.0 18.3 7.2 36.1 2.3 7.6 1.1 3.1 1.7 1.1 73.6

2.2 0.5 0.2 2.1 6.4 0.3 0.8 1.0 11.0 11.4 0.7 7.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.0 10.1 0.9 11.0 1.1 1.2 0.2 0.1 1.5 1.6 4.7

0.5 1.6 5.2 0.4 11.6 0.1 0.0 1.5 4.4 4.6 1.7 7.6 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 2.2

94.4 47.2 107.1 39.0 786.0 16.9 37.1 87.2 265.5 351.4 18.9 379.9 6.6 7.2 11.9 10.5 45.5 2.8 161.9 59.7 319.7 47.9 82.2 15.5 29.3 47.8 42.1 482.5

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Transport

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

3 604 1 409 533 893 74.7 % 29.2 % 11.0 % 18.5 %

Fuel Combustion

Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Share (%)

Energy Industries

2012

22.9 21.0 24.9 31.6 3.3 8.4 57.4 16.6 16.9 16.8 4.3 12.2 364.8 115.1 155.5 13.1 0.8 2.3 12.8 4.3 10.9 54.7 5.5 16.1 91.9 46.4 80.7 52.7 63.5 132.5 5.6 2.8 5.7 126.3 54.9 106.1 3.6 0.4 2.1 1.9 1.0 2.8 4.4 1.3 4.5 1.0 1.3 6.5 16.5 4.0 10.8 2.1 0.1 0.6 60.3 25.9 34.0 12.4 15.6 21.6 169.6 30.9 46.8 17.4 7.5 17.0 32.5 15.4 15.1 6.0 1.6 5.8 9.5 7.2 6.6 20.7 8.4 12.7 10.3 8.5 19.1 190.2 65.5 114.8

2.2 0.5 16.0 1.4 8.5 0.3 2.1 1.8 1.1 13.6

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

159

PART 4  Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1.1 GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Other Than Fuel Combustion

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

160

Waste and Other

International Aviation

International Maritime Transport

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Agriculture

Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Share (%)

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

2012

331 6.9 %

469 9.7 %

141 2.9 %

135 2.8 %

146 3.0 %

11.4 3.9 12.6 1.9 70.0 0.7 2.5 9.9 24.7 36.8 3.0 29.7 0.9 0.7 3.7 0.6 4.6 0.2 10.1 11.2 27.7 5.4 12.5 1.1 8.2 5.4 6.2 24.9

9.3 6.3 8.1 9.6 69.5 1.3 18.0 9.1 37.7 89.3 3.4 34.3 0.8 2.4 5.1 0.7 8.7 0.1 15.9 7.5 36.7 7.2 18.2 1.9 3.1 5.7 7.6 51.8

1.5 3.6 3.8 1.1 13.6 0.3 1.0 4.7 12.9 12.6 1.1 16.2 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.1 3.2 0.1 3.7 1.7 15.2 8.2 5.8 0.5 2.2 2.1 1.6 21.6

4.1 0.5 1.0 2.5 25.6 0.1 1.8 2.5 13.6 16.3 0.3 9.4 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.3 10.2 2.1 1.7 2.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.9 2.2 32.3

19.6 0.2 1.5 8.2 0.5 0.4 7.4 26.9 8.0 5.7 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0 3.7 43.6 0.1 0.5 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 5.9 8.8

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

4.1.1 GHGs Emissions Fuel Combustion

Energy Industries

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Transport

Commercial/ Institutional

Residential

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

Million ton CO2 equiv. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

GHG’s Emissions

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion

5 806 5 700 5 510 5 416 5 391 5 451 5 570 5 484 5 457 5 349 5 372 5 427 5 388 5 481 5 500 5 477 5 487 5 440 5 327 4 936 5 039 4 900 4 824

4 325 4 287 4 133 4 062 4 017 4 058 4 166 4 066 4 057 3 994 4 004 4 080 4 050 4 136 4 130 4 103 4 107 4 044 3 961 3 678 3 783 3 642 3 604

1 676 1 651 1 576 1 512 1 517 1 519 1 549 1 502 1 520 1 477 1 508 1 548 1 566 1 617 1 603 1 595 1 609 1 617 1 538 1 414 1 436 1 413 1 409

861 815 768 752 752 767 756 746 717 697 707 683 665 675 673 663 658 659 633 528 568 553 533

783 789 813 817 824 838 864 877 905 924 918 932 943 953 973 971 979 989 967 941 936 926 893

201 208 196 188 177 183 200 185 184 183 177 194 183 184 188 185 191 170 182 178 189 171 176

523 557 527 541 506 508 556 522 511 498 483 518 491 505 497 495 483 429 462 445 483 408 425

97 95 91 94 92 92 95 92 89 89 87 87 85 86 86 86 83 80 81 79 81 80 78

GHGs Emissions – EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2 equiv.) 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000

GHG’s Emissions Commercial/Institutional Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Transport Fuel Combustion Energy Industries Residential Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries

1 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

161

PART 4  Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1.1 GHGs Emissions

Agriculture

Waste and Other

International Aviation

International Maritime Transport

Million ton CO2 equiv. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion

479 444 428 417 441 455 454 460 434 396 407 394 390 402 417 416 413 424 400 335 345 342 331

617 583 558 539 533 533 535 534 532 528 521 512 507 499 500 493 490 490 489 478 475 475 469

206 208 206 206 206 207 205 201 199 192 190 186 185 179 171 166 164 160 156 152 147 144 141

70 69 74 79 82 87 91 95 102 110 116 115 112 117 125 132 138 142 143 133 132 136 135

110 109 110 114 110 111 118 128 133 127 134 140 144 148 157 166 176 179 177 160 156 161 146

GHGs Emissions – EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2 equiv.) 600 500 400 300

Agriculture Industrial Processes and Solvent Use International Maritime Transport Waste and Other International Aviation

200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

162

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Total Million ton CO2 EU-28 Index 1995

1995 4 365 100 %

2000 4 384 100 %

2005 4 559 104 %

2010 4 194 96 %

2012 3 995 92 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

140.2 59.8 129.5 67.8 952.6 18.3 36.8 100.3 280.1 413.1 17.5 454.7 6.8 9.6 15.6 9.8 61.9 3.0 213.7 65.3 362.2 57.1 126.9 15.1 44.7 59.9 63.9 579.1

145.8 46.0 126.7 60.3 918.0 15.5 47.0 116.5 337.1 435.4 20.3 474.5 8.5 7.1 12.2 9.7 58.7 3.9 222.4 67.7 320.5 69.4 93.3 15.3 41.1 59.9 60.8 590.6

152.8 51.2 127.2 56.2 892.8 16.9 50.5 124.4 402.5 446.0 23.8 504.1 9.7 8.7 14.6 13.4 60.7 6.7 240.9 81.4 320.3 73.0 99.7 16.8 42.0 59.4 61.8 601.0

142.2 48.5 118.1 53.4 862.8 18.6 44.0 107.6 319.7 409.9 21.6 441.4 9.2 9.7 14.3 12.5 52.3 6.3 234.7 74.5 331.8 56.7 80.4 16.3 37.6 65.8 61.1 542.6

124.3 49.1 112.2 43.4 855.2 17.7 40.2 100.3 316.8 387.4 19.5 401.6 8.5 8.6 14.8 12.0 46.6 6.8 218.8 69.9 323.0 55.1 84.3 15.9 35.3 53.0 53.6 521.2

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

163

PART 4  Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion

174 410 4.4 % 10.3 %

74 1.9 %

32 0.8 %

2.1 0.5 0.2 2.1 6.2 0.3 0.7 0.9 10.9 11.3 0.7 6.8 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.0 9.2 0.8 10.4 1.0 1.2 0.2 0.1 1.5 1.5 4.2

0.1 0.0 1.4 0.3 2.4 0.0

Commercial/ Institutional

Other Combustion and Fugitive Emissions

22.7 20.7 24.7 31.4 3.3 8.3 57.1 16.5 16.2 16.5 4.2 12.1 360.1 114.1 153.9 13.0 0.8 2.3 12.6 4.3 10.8 54.5 5.5 15.8 91.1 45.5 79.8 52.1 62.6 130.9 5.6 2.8 5.6 125.6 53.7 104.8 3.5 0.4 2.1 1.9 0.9 2.7 4.4 1.3 4.5 1.0 1.3 6.4 16.5 4.0 10.7 2.1 0.1 0.5 59.9 25.8 33.7 12.3 15.4 21.4 168.6 30.6 46.1 17.3 7.4 16.8 32.4 15.3 14.9 6.0 1.6 5.7 9.4 7.2 6.5 20.4 8.2 12.5 9.7 8.2 18.9 188.3 64.5 113.8

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

92.9 45.0 101.6 38.2 768.0 16.6 36.5 85.0 260.5 344.3 17.5 368.5 6.5 6.8 11.3 10.3 42.9 2.8 159.0 58.5 302.1 46.7 73.4 14.9 28.0 46.5 40.6 470.1

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

164

Transport

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

3 495 1 396 526 882 87.5 % 34.9 % 13.2 % 22.1 %

Residential

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Energy Industries

Million ton CO2 EU-28 Share (%)

Fuel Combustion

2012

5.9 0.3 3.3 0.8 38.0 0.0 2.1 1.3 13.2 28.7 0.5 27.7 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.6 3.3 0.1 11.1 1.4 9.1 1.1 2.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 0.5 20.1

16.7 1.1 6.9 2.1 93.3 0.2 6.0 6.9 16.7 55.4 1.7 47.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 0.9 7.3 0.0 17.9 6.9 33.5 2.0 6.5 0.9 3.1 1.4 0.8 73.0

0.0 3.3 3.4 0.5 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.4 0.3 3.7 1.0 1.2 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.0 6.3

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Other Than Fuel Combustion

International Aviation

International Maritime Transport

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Waste and Other

Million ton CO2 EU-28 Share (%)

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

2012

219 5.5 %

3 0.1 %

133 3.3 %

145 3.6 %

7.2 3.3 9.5 1.2 53.7 0.5 1.5 5.5 16.1 17.7 1.8 18.0 0.6 0.6 2.9 0.5 3.1 0.0 6.2 9.2 18.5 3.6 10.5 0.8 7.3 4.2 5.0 10.1

0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0

4.0 0.5 0.9 2.5 25.3 0.1 1.7 2.5 13.5 16.2 0.3 9.3 0.8 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.5 0.3 10.1 2.1 1.7 2.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.9 2.2 32.0

19.6 0.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

1.5 8.2 0.5 0.4 7.3 26.6 8.0 5.6 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.0 3.7 43.4 0.0 0.5 2.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 5.8 8.8

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

165

PART 4  Environment Indicators in the EU

4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

Energy Industries

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Transport

Commercial/ Institutional

Residential

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

Million ton CO2 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Fuel Combustion

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion CO2 Emissions



4 615 4 555 4 403 4 333 4 311 4 365 4 477 4 400 4 409 4 345 4 384 4 459 4 434 4 539 4 567 4 559 4 586 4 542 4 441 4 078 4 194 4 062 3 995

4 136 4 106 3 959 3 890 3 854 3 895 4 003 3 907 3 907 3 849 3 864 3 944 3 918 4 006 4 005 3 981 3 988 3 931 3 848 3 570 3 674 3 534 3 495

1 665 1 640 1 566 1 502 1 507 1 508 1 539 1 492 1 509 1 467 1 498 1 537 1 555 1 606 1 592 1 583 1 597 1 605 1 526 1 402 1 423 1 401 1 396

852 807 760 744 744 759 748 738 709 689 699 675 657 667 665 655 650 651 625 522 560 546 526

769 777 799 804 810 822 847 860 887 907 903 918 929 940 960 959 967 977 955 930 925 915 882

199 206 194 187 175 181 198 183 183 182 175 192 182 183 187 183 189 168 181 176 187 169 174

504 537 508 522 489 492 538 505 495 483 468 503 478 491 483 481 469 415 447 431 468 394 410

93 92 87 90 89 89 91 88 85 85 83 83 82 82 82 83 80 76 77 75 77 75 74

CO2 Emissions – EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2) 5 000

4 000

3 000

CO 2 Emissions Commercial/Institutional Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Transport Fuel Combustion Residential Energy Industries Agriculture/Forestry/Fisheries

2 000

1 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

166

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

International Aviation

International Maritime Transport

Million ton CO2 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Waste and Other

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion Industrial Processes and Solvent Use



296 268 256 247 262 271 263 269 266 257 269 258 258 267 279 278 282 290 272 214 231 230 219

4.9 4.9 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.1 2.9

69 68 74 78 81 86 90 94 101 109 115 114 111 115 124 131 137 141 142 131 131 135 133

109 108 109 113 109 110 117 126 132 126 133 139 143 147 156 165 175 178 176 159 155 159 145

CO2 Emissions – EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2) 300

200

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use Waste and Other

International Aviation International Maritime Transport

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

167

PART 4  Environment Indicators in the EU

4.2 Main Emissions Indicators 4.2.1 CO2 per Capita kg CO2/cap EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 9 030 100.0 % 13 827 7 115 12 534 12 973 11 665 12 719 10 206 9 436 7 112 6 942 3 763 7 998 10 430 3 859 4 307 23 875 5 989 8 039 13 824 8 216 9 463 5 691 5 599 7 576 8 330 11 718 7 240 9 981

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014, AMECO, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

168

2000 2005 8 990 9 190 99.6 % 101.7 %

2010 8 301 91.9 %

2012 7 872 87.2 %

14 235 5 628 12 338 11 303 11 170 11 093 12 349 10 670 8 373 7 152 4 592 8 333 12 188 2 988 3 485 22 289 5 753 10 065 13 965 8 456 8 377 6 742 4 158 7 681 7 606 11 581 6 856 10 030

13 065 6 442 11 232 9 627 10 553 13 959 9 658 9 645 6 867 6 308 5 026 7 378 11 134 4 604 4 611 24 711 5 235 15 158 14 129 8 906 8 614 5 364 3 971 7 941 6 919 12 268 6 515 8 646

11 245 6 715 10 678 7 769 10 440 13 383 8 747 9 039 6 774 5 904 4 567 6 656 9 842 4 209 4 939 22 548 4 694 16 238 13 061 8 290 8 382 5 242 4 203 7 731 6 536 9 786 5 635 8 182

14 591 6 635 12 427 10 363 10 826 12 575 12 130 11 217 9 275 7 084 5 358 8 601 13 070 3 908 4 388 28 781 6 020 16 702 14 764 9 898 8 394 6 922 4 675 8 408 7 795 11 330 6 839 9 978

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

4.2.2 Carbon GDP Intensity ton CO2/M€'10 EU-28 Index 1995

1995 453 100 %

2000 394 87 %

2005 373 82 %

2010 328 72 %

2012 309 68 %

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

513 2 512 1 237 349 444 2 396 450 634 394 269 586 323 579 1 006 1 081 435 895 703 473 299 1 908 417 1 510 666 1 268 485 254 441

463 1 856 1 108 268 390 1 470 363 614 388 246 576 305 596 581 671 322 733 728 403 267 1 306 415 1 124 548 980 379 203 386

445 1 603 917 233 368 1 135 308 542 393 232 542 309 571 480 552 380 616 1 129 412 295 1 121 418 908 506 784 331 181 340

389 1 320 755 221 335 1 265 267 476 296 205 480 275 484 536 510 319 535 952 372 253 922 315 634 449 559 352 166 299

334 1 302 710 179 319 1 064 238 521 301 189 444 256 456 432 478 297 475 985 346 228 842 325 654 448 504 280 142 280

Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_15, May 2014, AMECO, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

169

Country Profiles

PART

5

PART 5  Country Profiles

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Summary 5.0

European Union 28����������������������������������������������������������� 174

5.1

Belgium��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 176

5.2

Bulgaria��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 178

5.3

Czech Republic���������������������������������������������������������������� 180

5.4

Denmark�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 182

5.5

Germany������������������������������������������������������������������������� 184

5.6

Estonia��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 186

5.7

Ireland���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 188

5.8

Greece����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 190

5.9

Spain������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 192

5.10 France���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 194 5.11 Croatia��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 196 5.12 Italy�������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 198 5.13 Cyprus���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 200 5.14 Latvia������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 202 5.15 Lithuania������������������������������������������������������������������������ 204 5.16 Luxembourg�������������������������������������������������������������������� 206 5.17 Hungary�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 208 5.18 Malta������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 210 5.19 Netherlands��������������������������������������������������������������������� 212 5.20 Austria���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 214 5.21 Poland����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 216 5.22 Portugal�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 218 5.23 Romania�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 220 5.24 Slovenia�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 222 5.25 Slovakia��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 224 5.26 Finland���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 226 5.27 Sweden���������������������������������������������������������������������������� 228 5.28 United Kingdom��������������������������������������������������������������� 230

173

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.0 European Union 28 Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 964.9 Solid Fuels 279.8 of which Hard Coal 174.9 Petroleum and Products 177.5 of which Crude and NGL 172.3 Gases 191.4 of which Natural Gas 191.0 Nuclear 227.3 Renewables 83.2 Wastes, Non-Renewable 5.7 Net Imports 734.4 Solid Fuels 78.4 of which Hard Coal 76.6 Petroleum and Products 508.4 of which Crude and NGL 471.5 Gases 145.5 of which Natural Gas 145.5 Renewables 0.3 Electricity 1.8 Gross Inland Consumption 1 671.1 Solid Fuels 365.0 of which Hard Coal 257.6 Petroleum and Products 651.7 of which Crude and NGL 645.9 Gases 336.1 of which Natural Gas 335.6 Nuclear 227.3 Renewables 83.5 Electricity 1.8 Wastes, Non-Renewable 5.7 Primary Energy Consumption 1 565.6 Available for Final Consumption 1 185.0 Final Non-Energy Consumption 105.5 Final Energy Consumption 1 078.8 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 83.0 Petroleum and Products 464.2 Gases 247.2 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 42.5 Solar 0.3 Geothermal 0.4 Electricity 194.3 Derived heat 45.4 Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.6 by Sector Industry 329.5 Transport 306.8 Households 283.6 Services 115.4 Agriculture and Fishing 31.6 Other 12.1

2000 946.8 214.6 120.7 175.7 169.9 209.4 209.2 243.8 97.1 6.1 826.3 98.3 94.3 532.2 502.2 193.4 193.4 0.3 2.0 1 726.8 321.3 221.5 660.0 674.0 396.1 395.9 243.8 97.5 2.0 6.1 1 616.4 1 235.7 110.4 1 130.6

2005 906.5 196.0 100.1 138.0 129.9 190.8 190.7 257.5 116.3 7.8 979.7 125.4 122.8 597.5 564.7 254.1 254.1 1.4 1.4 1 824.7 318.1 220.4 677.0 694.5 445.3 445.2 257.5 117.6 1.4 7.8 1 708.8 1 304.0 115.9 1 186.4

2010 845.5 164.8 74.8 109.9 94.2 159.9 159.9 236.6 163.3 11.0 955.0 111.8 111.2 558.8 524.0 278.0 278.0 5.6 0.7 1 760.6 283.0 192.0 613.0 618.9 447.4 447.3 236.6 168.9 0.7 11.0 1 652.5 1 270.6 108.1 1 157.2

2012 810.5 167.5 73.2 89.9 74.1 133.4 133.4 227.7 180.1 11.7 923.6 124.3 125.5 532.0 529.3 258.8 258.8 6.8 1.6 1 686.1 294.2 200.4 570.3 602.4 393.4 393.4 227.7 186.9 1.6 11.9 1 584.2 1 204.2 101.8 1 102.4

2013 804.2 156.5 64.8 85.5 69.5 132.0 131.9 226.3 192.0 11.9 909.0 126.6 126.5 523.6 500.5 252.6 252.6 4.9 1.1 1 666.3 286.5 195.8 556.6 568.2 386.9 386.8 226.3 196.8 1.1 12.1 1 566.6 1 204.2 99.7 1 103.8

62.0 489.7 267.6 47.2 0.4 0.4 217.6 44.6 1.0

54.0 502.6 281.2 54.1 0.7 0.4 239.5 52.4 1.4

49.8 457.4 273.2 74.9 1.5 0.4 244.5 52.9 2.6

48.1 429.2 252.1 79.2 1.8 0.5 240.5 48.2 2.8

47.6 425.0 259.8 79.7 1.9 0.5 238.3 48.0 2.9

331.9 345.2 294.4 117.7 28.8 12.6

326.9 369.5 305.5 144.3 28.3 11.9

285.7 364.6 311.1 159.9 25.6 10.3

274.6 352.0 293.8 151.8 24.8 5.5

276.6 348.5 295.9 152.5 25.0 5.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

174

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 618.5 681.1 758.2 883.7 946.5 958.5 Combustible Fuels 353.3 391.5 435.1 487.9 494.1 482.5 Nuclear 128.4 136.6 135.0 131.7 123.2 123.0 Hydro 133.5 139.0 143.4 147.5 148.9 150.1 Wind 2.4 12.7 40.6 84.6 106.4 117.9 Solar PV 0.0 0.2 2.3 29.4 68.8 79.6 Geothermal 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Other Sources 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 2.0 2.1 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 2 743.0 3 035.2 3 325.1 3 364.4 3 296.6 3 261.5 Solid Fuels 945.9 933.9 960.6 830.2 901.7 871.8 Petroleum and Products 230.3 181.3 142.8 86.9 74.1 61.3 Gases 294.1 513.1 704.4 797.8 614.9 540.4 Nuclear 880.8 945.0 997.7 916.6 882.4 876.8 Renewables 382.1 448.0 495.1 709.8 798.5 886.0 Wastes, non-RES 8.7 12.1 14.2 18.9 20.4 20.7 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 108.5 111.4 113.0 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 395.4 386.7 382.0 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 11.8 % 11.7 % 11.7 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 3 041.8 3 041.1 2 899.3 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 300 217 337 457 357 839 343 432 329 156 326 761 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 138 156 134 175 115 358 91 802 82 238 79 337 Gas/Diesel Oil 123 242 153 228 185 938 195 434 191 173 191 628 Final Consumption Biofuels 216 709 3 279 13 067 14 361 13 014 Biogasoline 24 58 560 2 806 2 858 2 717 Biodiesel 187 636 2 565 10 222 11 492 10 293 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 174 155 149 138 130 129 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 457 3 541 3 678 3 485 3 322 3 277 Final Electricity per Capita 4 674 5 190 5 615 5 628 5 511 5 450 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 163 145 140 129 122 121 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 43.0 % 46.7 % 52.2 % 52.8 % 53.3 % 53.2 % on Solid Fuels 21.5 % 30.6 % 39.4 % 39.5 % 42.2 % 44.2 % on Hard Coal 29.7 % 42.6 % 55.7 % 57.9 % 62.6 % 64.6 % on Petroleum Fuels 74.0 % 75.8 % 82.2 % 84.4 % 86.4 % 87.4 % on Crude and NGL 73.0 % 74.5 % 81.3 % 84.7 % 87.9 % 88.1 % on Natural Gas 43.4 % 48.9 % 57.1 % 62.2 % 65.8 % 65.3 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 12.5 % 14.3 % 15.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 14.1 % 16.1 % 16.5 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 19.6 % 23.5 % 25.4 % RES-T – Transport 4.8 % 5.1 % 5.4 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 4 365 4 384 4 559 4 194 3 995 GHGs Emissions 5 451 5 372 5 477 5 039 4 824 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9 030 8 990 9 189 8 301 7 872 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 612 2 539 2 498 2 382 2 369 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 453 394 373 328 309 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

175

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.1 Belgium Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 11.8 0.3 0.3

2000 13.6 0.2 0.2

2010 16.0

2012 14.6

2013 15.3

0.6

0.6

0.7

0.0 0.0 10.7 0.4 0.4 46.8 9.4 8.9 26.5 26.3 10.4 10.4 0.1 0.4 53.9 8.7 8.2 22.7 26.4 10.6 10.6 10.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 48.1 40.0 5.8 34.6

0.0 0.0 12.4 0.5 0.4 50.5 7.2 6.6 29.5 34.2 13.3 13.3 0.1 0.4 59.3 7.9 7.3 24.1 34.1 13.4 13.4 12.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 52.6 44.8 6.7 37.8

12.3 0.9 0.5 53.4 5.2 5.0 32.6 31.9 14.8 14.8 0.3 0.5 59.0 5.1 4.9 24.7 32.0 14.7 14.7 12.3 1.2 0.5 0.5 51.5 44.4 7.5 36.7

12.4 2.2 0.8 53.8 3.6 3.7 32.8 33.3 16.8 16.8 0.6 0.0 61.3 3.7 3.7 24.7 33.3 17.0 17.0 12.4 2.8 0.0 0.8 52.8 46.7 8.5 37.5

10.4 2.8 0.8 46.3 2.9 3.1 27.8 31.5 14.2 14.2 0.5 0.9 54.8 3.1 3.3 21.9 31.6 14.4 14.4 10.4 3.4 0.9 0.8 46.2 41.9 8.6 33.8

11.0 2.9 0.7 48.8 3.1 3.1 29.8 28.0 14.5 14.5 0.6 0.8 56.7 3.2 3.3 23.1 28.0 14.4 14.4 11.0 3.5 0.8 0.7 47.4 44.0 9.3 34.8

3.3 16.2 8.5 0.3 0.0

3.4 16.7 10.0 0.4 0.0

2.0 16.6 10.0 0.6 0.0

5.9 0.2 0.1

6.7 0.5 0.1

6.9 0.4 0.1

1.6 15.3 11.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 7.2 0.6 0.1

1.4 13.8 9.4 1.6 0.0 0.0 7.0 0.5 0.2

1.5 13.9 10.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 7.0 0.6 0.1

12.0 8.7 9.3 3.5 1.1 0.0

14.2 9.7 9.5 3.5 0.8 0.0

11.8 10.0 9.9 4.2 0.8 0.0

11.7 10.6 9.3 5.0 0.9 0.1

10.3 9.9 8.4 4.5 0.7 0.1

10.5 9.8 9.0 4.8 0.7 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

176

2005 13.7 0.1 0.1 0.0

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 14.9 15.7 16.1 18.7 Combustible Fuels 7.9 8.5 8.7 9.5 Nuclear 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Hydro 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Wind 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 Solar PV 0.0 0.9 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 74.4 84.0 87.0 95.1 Solid Fuels 16.5 12.9 8.2 4.2 Petroleum and Products 1.3 0.8 1.7 0.4 Gases 12.9 19.1 25.1 33.2 Nuclear 41.4 48.2 47.6 47.9 Renewables 1.6 2.3 3.4 7.9 Wastes, non-RES 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.3 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.9 2.6 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 7.4 15.2 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 8.5 % 16.0 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 75.9 0.0 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 8 531 9 623 9 828 10 096 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 3 038 2 408 1 852 1 260 Gas/Diesel Oil 4 313 5 454 6 541 7 399 Final Consumption Biofuels 352 Biogasoline 53 Biodiesel 299 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 198 188 172 168 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5 321 5 788 5 634 5 637 Final Electricity per Capita 6 752 7 568 7 657 7 655 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 176 167 150 144 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 80.9 % 78.1 % 80.1 % 78.0 % on Solid Fuels 108.9 % 91.1 % 101.4 % 97.8 % on Hard Coal 108.5 % 90.4 % 100.9 % 100.2 % on Petroleum Fuels 99.6 % 100.2 % 100.8 % 101.4 % on Crude and NGL 99.8 % 100.2 % 99.5 % 99.9 % on Natural Gas 98.2 % 99.3 % 100.6 % 98.8 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 5.7 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 6.1 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 7.1 % RES-T – Transport 4.2 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 140 146 153 142 GHGs Emissions 166 167 171 159 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 13 827 14 235 14 591 13 065 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 599 2 459 2 590 2 318 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 513 463 445 389

2012 20.8 9.5 5.9 1.4 1.4 2.6

2013 20.8 8.9 5.9 1.4 1.7 2.9

83.1 3.4 0.3 25.6 40.3 11.8 1.5

83.5 3.0 0.2 23.1 42.6 12.9 1.4

2.3 2.3 12.9 12.7 15.5 % 15.2 % 88.4 27.1 9 376

9 241

1 188 6 784 346 48 298

1 193 6 726 329 48 281

147 4 955

152 5 108

7 356

7 293

124

127

76.1 % 77.5 % 94.4 % 95.1 % 94.1 % 93.7 % 99.3 % 102.0 % 99.7 % 100.1 % 98.6 % 100.5 % 7.4 % 7.9 % 7.7 % 8.1 % 11.3 % 12.3 % 4.4 % 4.3 % 124 140 11 245 2 269 334

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

177

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.2 Bulgaria Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 10.3 5.3 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.4

21.5 12.9 1.2 11.4

2000 9.9 4.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 0.8 0.0 8.5 2.3 2.2 3.9 5.2 2.7 2.7 0.0 -0.4 18.5 6.4 2.2 4.1 5.3 2.9 2.9 4.7 0.8 -0.4 0.0 17.5 10.0 1.0 9.1

2005 10.7 4.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 4.8 1.1 0.1 9.3 2.6 2.5 4.9 5.8 2.5 2.5 0.0 -0.7 19.8 6.9 2.6 4.7 6.0 2.8 2.8 4.8 1.1 -0.7 0.1 18.9 10.6 0.8 10.2

2010 10.5 4.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.0 1.5 0.0 7.1 1.7 1.7 4.0 5.4 2.1 2.1 -0.1 -0.7 17.8 6.9 1.9 3.9 5.4 2.3 2.3 4.0 1.5 -0.7 0.0 17.3 8.8 0.4 8.8

2012 11.7 5.6 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 4.1 1.6 0.0 6.6 1.5 1.5 3.8 5.8 2.0 2.0 0.0 -0.7 18.2 6.9 1.4 3.8 5.8 2.5 2.5 4.1 1.6 -0.7 0.0 17.8 9.3 0.5 9.2

2013 10.6 4.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 3.7 1.8 0.0 6.4 1.0 1.0 3.7 5.5 2.2 2.2 0.0 -0.5 16.8 5.9 1.1 3.5 5.5 2.4 2.4 3.7 1.8 -0.5 0.0 16.3 8.7 0.5 8.8

1.3 2.9 1.8 0.2

0.9 3.0 1.7 0.5

1.0 3.7 1.6 0.7

2.5 2.8

2.1 0.9 0.0

0.0 2.2 0.9 0.1

0.4 3.1 1.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 2.3 1.0 0.0

0.4 3.1 1.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.0 0.0

0.4 2.8 1.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.9 0.0

6.0 1.8 2.5 0.2 0.4 0.5

4.0 2.0 2.2 0.6 0.3 0.0

4.0 2.9 2.1 0.8 0.3

2.6 2.9 2.2 1.0 0.2

2.6 3.1 2.4 1.0 0.2

2.6 2.8 2.2 1.0 0.2

12.8 2.4 2.3 5.9 7.4 4.6 4.6 0.0 0.0 22.7 7.6 3.2 5.6 7.4 4.6 4.6 4.5 0.4 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

178

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.0 11.1 12.3 10.0 11.6 11.6 Combustible Fuels 5.7 6.7 4.6 4.9 4.7 Nuclear 3.5 2.7 1.9 1.9 2.0 Hydro 2.0 1.9 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wind 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.7 Solar PV 0.0 1.0 1.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 41.8 40.9 44.4 46.7 47.3 43.8 Solid Fuels 17.3 16.9 18.5 22.6 22.9 19.4 Petroleum and Products 1.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 Gases 3.4 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.3 Nuclear 17.3 18.2 18.7 15.2 15.8 14.2 Renewables 2.3 3.0 4.7 6.4 6.1 7.6 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.2 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.7 3.7 2.8 3.7 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 6.1 % 8.0 % 5.9 % 8.5 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 50.4 40.4 41.6 40.4 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 776 1 804 2 624 2 608 2 698 2 399 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 161 707 571 611 540 442 Gas/Diesel Oil 278 779 1 416 1 441 1 612 1 387 Final Consumption Biofuels 13 86 104 Biogasoline Biodiesel 10 86 96 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 953 748 618 483 484 440 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 699 2 268 2 553 2 359 2 496 2 306 Final Electricity per Capita 3 413 2 969 3 323 3 597 3 811 3 787 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 901 709 592 472 472 428 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 55.9 % 46.0 % 46.7 % 39.6 % 36.1 % 37.8 % on Solid Fuels 31.8 % 35.1 % 37.0 % 24.7 % 21.4 % 16.4 % on Hard Coal 73.0 % 100.5 % 94.7 % 88.2 % 107.2 % 89.0 % on Petroleum Fuels 99.6 % 95.4 % 102.2 % 101.0 % 96.9 % 103.7 % on Crude and NGL 99.7 % 98.7 % 97.7 % 99.1 % 99.9 % 100.3 % on Natural Gas 99.5 % 93.6 % 87.7 % 92.7 % 83.4 % 93.2 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 14.1 % 16.0 % 19.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 24.4 % 27.5 % 29.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 12.7 % 15.8 % 18.9 % RES-T – Transport 1.0 % 0.3 % 5.6 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 60 46 51 49 49 GHGs Emissions 78 60 65 61 62 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 115 5 628 6 618 6 442 6 715 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 636 2 482 2 593 2 731 2 691 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 2 512 1 856 1 603 1 320 1 302 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

179

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.3 Czech Republic Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 32.5 27.6 10.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 3.2 1.2 0.0 8.6 -5.8 -2.9 7.9 7.0 6.4 6.4 0.0 0.0 41.7 22.7 8.4 8.1 6.9 6.6 6.6 3.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 39.4 27.9 2.3 26.1

2000 30.5 25.0 9.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 3.5 1.3 0.1 9.4 -4.7 -3.5 7.5 5.6 7.5 7.5 0.0 -0.9 41.1 21.6 6.3 7.9 5.8 7.5 7.5 3.5 1.3 -0.9 0.1 39.0 27.2 2.1 24.8

2005 32.9 23.6 8.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.2 6.4 2.0 0.2 12.6 -3.3 -2.8 9.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 -0.2 -1.1 45.1 20.2 5.6 9.9 7.7 7.7 7.7 6.4 1.8 -1.1 0.2 42.2 29.2 2.9 26.0

2010 31.6 20.7 7.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 7.2 2.9 0.2 11.4 -3.0 -2.9 9.0 7.8 6.8 6.8 -0.1 -1.3 44.7 18.4 4.9 9.3 8.0 8.1 8.1 7.2 2.8 -1.3 0.2 41.9 28.4 2.8 24.9

2012 32.6 20.7 7.9 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 7.8 3.2 0.2 10.8 -2.2 -2.2 8.5 7.2 6.1 6.1 0.0 -1.5 42.8 17.2 4.6 8.9 7.4 6.9 6.9 7.8 3.2 -1.5 0.2 40.1 26.4 2.7 23.7

2013 30.1 17.8 5.8 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 8.0 3.6 0.2 11.8 -1.9 -1.9 8.3 6.6 7.0 7.0 -0.1 -1.5 42.2 16.4 4.6 8.6 6.8 6.9 6.9 8.0 3.6 -1.5 0.2 39.6 26.2 2.6 23.9

6.1 5.1 6.2 0.9

5.1 5.3 6.5 0.9

3.8 6.8 6.7 1.3 0.0

2.4 6.5 6.7 1.9 0.0

2.4 6.3 5.9 2.0 0.0

4.1 3.7

4.2 2.6 0.1

4.8 2.5 0.1

4.9 2.2 0.2

4.9 2.1 0.2

2.4 6.1 6.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 4.9 2.1 0.2

12.5 2.8 6.4 2.4 1.2 0.7

10.1 4.4 6.1 3.0 0.7 0.5

9.7 6.1 6.3 3.1 0.5 0.3

7.9 6.3 6.7 3.1 0.6 0.3

7.6 6.1 6.1 3.0 0.6 0.3

7.5 6.0 6.3 3.1 0.6 0.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

180

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 13.8 Combustible Fuels 10.6 Nuclear 1.8 Hydro 1.4 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 60.8 Solid Fuels 44.3 Petroleum and Products 0.6 Gases 1.0 Nuclear 12.2 Renewables 2.7 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 601 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 694 Gas/Diesel Oil 704 Final Consumption Biofuels 16 Biogasoline Biodiesel 16 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 398 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 038 Final Electricity per Capita 4 654 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 376 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 20.6 % on Solid Fuels -25.5 % on Hard Coal -34.2 % on Petroleum Fuels 98.0 % on Crude and NGL 100.2 % on Natural Gas 98.0 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 129 GHGs Emissions 152 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 534 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 104 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 237

2000 15.3 11.5 1.8 2.1 0.0

2005 17.4 11.5 3.8 2.2 0.0 0.0

2010 19.8 11.8 3.9 2.2 0.2 1.7

2012 20.4 11.9 4.0 2.2 0.3 2.0

2013 21.1 12.2 4.3 2.3 0.3 2.1

73.5 52.8 0.4 3.9 13.6 2.8 0.0

82.6 49.5 0.3 4.2 24.7 3.8 0.0

85.9 47.1 0.2 4.1 28.0 6.5 0.0

87.6 44.4 0.1 3.9 30.3 8.8 0.1

87.1 41.7 0.0 4.3 30.7 10.2 0.1

5.2 4.8 4.6 4.6 13.9 12.2 11.5 12.0 16.8 % 14.2 % 13.1 % 13.7 % 150.7 135.7 126.6 120.9 4 076

5 866

5 783

5 601

5 533

1 922 1 886 63

2 125 3 322 3

63

3

1 868 3 492 231 58 173

1 674 3 538 275 56 219

1 574 3 584 277 54 224

359 4 000

325 4 409

286 4 248

271 4 074

269 4 014

4 807

5 403

5 439

5 391

5 394

254

252

341

304

268

22.9 % -21.8 % -56.1 % 95.3 % 95.2 % 99.8 %

28.0 % -16.1 % -49.4 % 97.5 % 99.3 % 97.8 %

25.6 % -16.2 % -58.0 % 96.4 % 97.5 % 84.8 %

25.3 % 27.9 % -13.0 % -11.6 % -47.5 % -40.6 % 95.3 % 96.4 % 97.3 % 98.0 % 89.0 % 100.2 %

9.5 % 11.4 % 12.4 % 12.6 % 14.1 % 15.3 % 7.5 % 11.6 % 12.8 % 4.6 % 5.6 % 5.7 % 127 147

127 147

118 138

112 132

12 338 12 427 11 232 10 678 3 084 2 819 2 644 2 621 1 108 917 755 710

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

181

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.4 Denmark Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 16.3

2000 28.8

2005 30.8

2010 22.9

2012 18.6

2013 16.6

10.0 9.3 4.7 4.7

19.3 18.1 7.4 7.4

18.5 18.5 9.4 9.4

12.0 12.0 7.4 7.3

10.0 10.0 5.2 5.2

8.7 8.7 4.3 4.3

1.3 0.2 7.3 7.7 7.6 1.2 0.6 -1.5 -1.5 0.0 -0.1 20.2 6.5 6.5 9.0 9.8 3.2 3.2

1.7 0.3 -7.4 3.8 3.8 -8.4 -9.9 -2.9 -2.9 0.1 0.1 19.7 4.0 4.0 9.1 8.2 4.5 4.4

2.5 0.4 -10.1 3.5 3.5 -9.1 -10.9 -5.0 -5.0 0.3 0.1 19.6 3.7 3.7 8.1 7.7 4.4 4.4

3.1 0.4 -3.3 2.6 2.6 -3.6 -4.9 -3.0 -3.0 0.8 -0.1 20.0 3.8 3.8 7.6 7.2 4.4 4.4

3.1 0.4 -0.5 2.3 2.3 -2.6 -2.3 -1.9 -1.9 1.1 0.4 18.0 2.5 2.5 6.9 7.5 3.5 3.5

3.2 0.4 2.3 2.8 2.8 -1.0 -1.5 -0.8 -0.8 1.1 0.1 18.1 3.1 3.1 6.8 7.2 3.3 3.3

1.3 -0.1 0.2 19.9 15.0 0.3 14.8

1.8 0.1 0.3 19.4 15.0 0.3 14.7

2.8 0.1 0.4 19.3 15.5 0.3 15.5

3.9 -0.1 0.4 19.8 15.7 0.3 15.6

4.2 0.4 0.4 17.7 14.7 0.3 14.4

4.4 0.1 0.4 17.8 14.5 0.3 14.2

0.4 7.3 1.7 0.6 0.0

0.3 7.1 1.7 0.6 0.0

0.3 7.3 1.7 0.9 0.0

0.2 6.8 1.8 1.3 0.0

0.1 6.0 1.6 1.3 0.0

2.7 2.2 0.0

2.8 2.3 0.0

2.9 2.4 0.0

2.8 2.8 0.0

2.7 2.6 0.0

0.2 5.8 1.6 1.3 0.0 0.0 2.7 2.5 0.0

3.0 4.5 4.5 1.8 0.9 0.0

2.9 4.8 4.2 1.8 1.0 0.0

2.9 5.3 4.5 2.0 0.9 0.0

2.4 5.2 4.9 2.1 1.0 0.0

2.3 4.9 4.4 2.0 0.9 0.0

2.2 4.8 4.3 2.0 0.9 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

182

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 10.8 12.3 13.0 13.4 Combustible Fuels 10.2 9.9 9.9 9.6 Nuclear Hydro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wind 0.6 2.4 3.1 3.8 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 36.8 36.1 36.2 38.9 Solid Fuels 27.4 16.7 15.5 17.0 Petroleum and Products 3.6 4.4 1.4 0.8 Gases 3.6 8.8 8.8 7.9 Nuclear 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Renewables 1.9 5.6 9.8 12.4 Wastes, non-RES 0.3 0.6 0.8 0.7 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.7 5.8 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 18.9 19.1 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 52.1 % 49.1 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 119.0 124.7 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 4 522 4 786 5 292 5 118 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 944 2 019 1 922 1 574 Gas/Diesel Oil 1 814 1 863 2 372 2 649 Final Consumption Biofuels 27 Biogasoline 27 Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 104 88 81 83 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 863 3 697 3 609 3 613 Final Electricity per Capita 5 905 6 080 6 175 5 835 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 102 86 80 82 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 33.4 % -35.0 % -49.8 % -15.7 % on Solid Fuels 117.9 % 94.9 % 94.4 % 69.4 % on Hard Coal 118.0 % 94.7 % 94.3 % 69.3 % on Petroleum Fuels 11.0 % -80.8 % -102.7 % -43.4 % on Crude and NGL 6.3 % -120.5 % -141.3 % -68.8 % on Natural Gas -47.2 % -64.8 % -113.9 % -68.3 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 22.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 30.7 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 32.7 % RES-T – Transport 0.9 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 68 60 56 53 GHGs Emissions 83 75 69 66 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 973 11 303 10 363 9 627 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 358 3 057 2 872 2 664 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 349 268 233 221

2012 14.1 9.5

2013 13.5 8.2

0.0 4.2 0.4

0.0 4.8 0.6

30.7 10.6 0.4 4.2 0.0 14.8 0.7

34.7 14.3 0.4 3.4 0.0 16.0 0.7

5.7 5.9 15.0 17.6 48.8 % 50.6 % 104.2 103.1 4 601

4 536

1 383 2 310 227

1 336 2 291 227

227

227

74 3 216

75 3 225

5 617

5 609

73

74

-3.0 % 93.6 % 93.6 % -34.9 % -31.2 % -53.1 %

12.3 % 90.7 % 90.6 % -13.7 % -20.9 % -23.3 %

25.6 % 27.2 % 33.5 % 34.8 % 38.7 % 43.1 % 5.5 % 5.7 % 43 56 7 769 2 416 179

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

183

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.5 Germany Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 145.3 78.9 38.1 4.3 3.0 15.1 15.1 39.5 6.0 1.4 195.2 10.3 8.2 131.6 101.6 52.9 52.9

2000 135.6 60.6 24.2 4.7 3.2 15.8 15.8 43.8 9.0 1.7 204.7 21.7 17.2 125.9 101.4 56.9 56.9

0.4 341.6 91.6 47.7 135.4 104.8 67.3 67.3 39.5 6.0 0.4 1.4 318.0 244.0 23.6 221.6

0.3 342.3 84.8 43.8 131.0 108.1 71.9 71.9 43.8 9.0 0.3 1.7 317.3 247.3 25.1 220.0

13.9 105.6 51.8 2.7 0.0

11.0 99.7 56.1 4.7 0.1

38.8 8.7

41.6 6.8

60.1 63.7 66.3 25.9 2.0 3.7

57.6 66.8 65.2 25.8 0.3 4.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

184

2005 139.1 56.5 18.0 7.5 3.5 14.3 14.3 42.1 16.9 1.8 208.1 26.0 23.8 120.2 111.0 61.9 61.9 0.4 -0.4 341.9 82.0 41.3 121.5 114.1 77.8 77.8 42.1 17.2 -0.4 1.8 317.2 247.1 24.7 218.5

2010 133.0 45.9 9.2 8.1 2.5 11.1 11.1 36.3 27.7 3.9 201.7 31.6 29.1 109.8 91.6 61.6 61.6 -0.1 -1.3 333.0 78.8 39.6 111.8 94.5 75.9 75.9 36.3 27.6 -1.3 3.9 310.4 242.9 22.6 219.7

2012 127.3 47.6 7.6 8.3 2.6 9.6 9.6 25.7 32.1 4.0 196.8 32.1 30.7 106.4 92.3 59.8 59.8 0.2 -1.8 318.6 80.4 38.8 108.3 94.1 69.8 69.8 25.7 32.3 -1.8 4.0 296.8 232.6 21.8 212.1

2013 125.3 45.1 5.5 8.5 2.6 8.9 8.9 25.1 33.7 4.1 204.6 36.3 34.7 107.8 89.6 63.5 63.5 -0.3 -2.8 324.3 81.6 40.4 109.9 91.6 72.9 72.9 25.1 33.4 -2.8 4.1 302.5 239.5 21.7 217.3

8.2 90.3 55.1 8.5 0.3 0.0 44.9 10.8 0.3

9.4 83.2 56.5 12.1 0.5 0.1 45.8 11.3 1.0

9.6 81.0 52.9 11.6 0.6 0.1 45.2 10.3 0.9

9.7 83.9 55.2 11.9 0.6 0.1 44.5 10.4 1.0

59.1 62.3 63.5 33.2 0.0 0.3

60.6 61.2 62.5 35.4

60.6 61.5 56.6 33.3

60.7 62.6 59.7 34.0

0.2

0.2

0.1

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 116.2 Combustible Fuels 83.4 Nuclear 22.8 Hydro 8.9 Wind 1.1 Solar PV 0.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 537.3 Solid Fuels 289.1 Petroleum and Products 9.0 Gases 50.4 Nuclear 153.1 Renewables 30.4 Wastes, non-RES 5.3 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 62 229 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 32 059 Gas/Diesel Oil 24 099 Final Consumption Biofuels 36 Biogasoline Biodiesel 31 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 159 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 184 Final Electricity per Capita 5 525 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 148 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 56.8 % on Solid Fuels 11.2 % on Hard Coal 17.1 % on Petroleum Fuels 95.8 % on Crude and NGL 96.9 % on Natural Gas 78.6 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 953 GHGs Emissions 1 140 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11 665 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 788 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 444

2000 118.9 80.8 22.4 9.5 6.1 0.1

2005 128.6 76.4 20.4 10.9 18.4 2.1

2010 162.7 85.8 20.5 11.2 27.2 17.6 0.0

2012 177.3 89.6 12.1 11.3 31.3 32.6 0.0

2013 186.1 91.4 12.1 11.2 34.7 36.3 0.0

576.5 296.7 4.8 60.0 169.6 39.7 5.8

0.6 622.6 288.1 12.0 83.6 163.1 69.3 3.3

0.4 633.0 262.9 8.7 100.9 140.6 111.2 6.4

0.4 629.8 277.1 7.6 87.5 99.5 149.6 6.6

0.4 633.2 282.6 7.2 79.5 97.3 158.2 6.6

20.8 24.6 26.9 27.3 77.9 83.2 79.3 78.7 12.5 % 13.1 % 12.6 % 12.4 % 652.5 675.8 648.3 654.0 65 139 58 489 56 660 56 972 58 396 30 651 23 722 18 859 17 618 17 591 27 047 26 364 28 449 29 832 31 183 236 1 859 2 884 2 913 2 658 153 749 792 765 222 1 552 2 104 2 114 1 893 145 4 165

141 4 146

129 4 073

119 3 890

121 3 950

5 882

6 333

6 512

6 419

6 310

135

131

120

111

113

59.4 % 25.5 % 39.2 % 94.6 % 93.8 % 79.1 %

60.4 % 31.7 % 57.5 % 97.0 % 97.3 % 79.6 %

60.1 % 40.1 % 73.7 % 95.9 % 97.0 % 81.2 %

61.3 % 40.0 % 79.1 % 96.0 % 98.1 % 85.7 %

62.7 % 44.5 % 86.0 % 96.1 % 97.8 % 87.2 %

10.4 % 12.1 % 12.4 % 9.7 % 10.4 % 10.6 % 18.1 % 23.6 % 25.6 % 6.0 % 6.9 % 6.3 % 918 1 067

893 1 026

863 980

855 973

11 170 10 826 10 553 10 440 2 682 2 611 2 591 2 684 390 368 335 319

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

185

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.6 Estonia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.9 3.1

2000 3.5 2.7

2005 4.4 3.2

2010 5.6 3.9

2012 5.8 4.0

2013 6.4 4.4

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.7

0.7

0.7

0.4

0.5

0.7

1.0

1.1

1.8 0.3 0.1 1.0

1.6 0.3 0.1 0.8

1.5 0.0 0.0 0.9

0.9 0.0 0.0 0.8

1.1 0.0 0.1 0.9

0.6 0.6 0.0 -0.1 5.5 3.5 0.1 1.2

0.7 0.7 0.0 -0.1 5.0 3.0 0.1 0.9

0.8 0.8 -0.1 -0.1 5.6 3.2 0.0 1.2

0.6 0.6 -0.2 -0.3 6.2 3.9 0.0 1.1

0.5 0.5 -0.2 -0.2 6.1 3.8 0.0 1.1

0.6 0.6

0.7 0.7

0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.5 0.5

1.1 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.6 0.6 -0.3 -0.3 6.7 4.4 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.6 0.6

0.3 -0.1

0.5 -0.1

0.6 -0.1

0.8 -0.3

0.9 -0.2

5.3 3.0 0.2 2.6

4.8 2.7 0.2 2.4

5.4 3.0 0.2 2.9

6.1 3.0 0.1 2.9

6.0 2.9 0.1 2.9

0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3

0.1 0.8 0.2 0.4

0.1 1.0 0.3 0.4

0.1 0.9 0.2 0.6

0.1 1.0 0.2 0.5

0.4 0.6

0.4 0.5

0.5 0.5

0.6 0.5

0.6 0.5

0.8 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

0.6 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.1

0.7 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.1

0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.1

0.6 0.8 1.0 0.4 0.1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

186

0.9 -0.3 0.1 6.5 3.0 0.2 2.9 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.4 0.1

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 0.0 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.9 Combustible Fuels 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 Nuclear Hydro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wind 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 8.7 8.5 10.2 13.0 12.0 13.3 Solid Fuels 8.3 7.7 9.3 11.2 9.8 11.5 Petroleum and Products 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Gases 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 Nuclear Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.5 1.2 Wastes, non-RES 0.1 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 10.2 % 10.3 % 9.7 % 9.3 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 11.5 12.3 11.1 12.6 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 487 578 765 778 780 753 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 264 299 309 289 256 241 Gas/Diesel Oil 204 257 408 451 486 484 Final Consumption Biofuels 4 3 Biogasoline 4 3 Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 722 470 376 418 367 396 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 834 3 549 4 132 4 613 4 615 5 077 Final Electricity per Capita 3 162 3 579 4 445 5 181 5 266 5 166 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 699 453 361 412 362 386 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 32.3 % 32.2 % 26.1 % 13.6 % 17.0 % 11.9 % on Solid Fuels 8.4 % 9.1 % 0.8 % -0.6 % 0.3 % -0.1 % on Hard Coal 101.9 % 116.4 % 97.2 % 117.9 % 123.8 % 95.0 % on Petroleum Fuels 80.2 % 77.4 % 70.8 % 57.5 % 60.1 % 60.0 % on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 24.6 % 25.8 % 25.6 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 43.3 % 43.1 % 43.1 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 10.4 % 15.8 % 13.0 % RES-T – Transport 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.2 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 18 16 17 19 18 GHGs Emissions 20 18 19 21 20 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 719 11 093 12 470 13 959 13 383 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 318 3 126 3 018 3 026 2 900 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 2 396 1 470 1 135 1 265 1 064 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

187

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.7 Ireland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 4.1 1.7 0.0 0.0

2000 2.2 1.0

2005 1.6 0.8

2010 1.8 1.0

2012 1.4 0.3

2013 2.4 1.3

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

2.2 2.2

1.0 1.0

0.5 0.5

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2

0.2

0.2

0.4

7.8 1.9 1.9 5.8 2.3 0.1 0.1

12.4 1.7 1.7 8.2 3.0 2.5 2.5

0.0 11.1 2.9 1.8 5.7 2.3 2.3 2.3

0.0 14.4 2.6 1.8 8.1 3.3 3.4 3.4

13.8 1.9 1.9 8.7 3.2 3.0 3.0 0.0 0.2 15.3 2.7 1.9 8.6 3.2 3.5 3.5

0.6 0.0 13.2 0.9 0.9 7.7 3.0 4.5 4.5 0.0 0.0 15.2 2.0 1.2 7.8 2.9 4.7 4.7

0.7 0.0 11.8 1.3 1.3 6.5 2.9 3.8 3.8 0.1 0.0 13.8 2.4 1.5 6.5 3.1 4.0 4.0

0.8 0.1 12.3 1.5 1.5 6.9 2.9 3.7 3.7 0.1 0.2 13.7 2.0 1.3 6.8 2.8 3.9 3.9

0.2 0.0

0.2 0.0

0.4 0.2

10.5 8.3 0.6 8.0

13.8 11.1 0.7 10.8

14.7 12.0 0.5 12.6

0.7 0.0 0.0 14.9 12.2 0.3 12.0

0.8 0.0 0.0 13.5 11.0 0.3 10.6

0.9 0.2 0.1 13.4 11.2 0.3 10.7

0.9 4.9 0.8 0.1 0.0

0.7 7.0 1.2 0.1 0.0

0.8 8.2 1.4 0.2 0.0

0.6 7.3 1.6 0.3 0.0

0.5 6.1 1.6 0.3 0.0

0.6 6.1 1.6 0.3 0.0

1.3

1.7

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

2.1 4.7 3.3 1.5 0.3

2.2 4.1 2.7 1.3 0.2

2.2 4.2 2.8 1.3 0.2

2.0 2.4 2.2 1.1 0.3

2.5 4.1 2.5 1.4 0.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

188

2.6 5.1 3.0 1.6 0.3

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 4.1 Combustible Fuels 3.5 Nuclear Hydro 0.5 Wind 0.0 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 17.9 Solid Fuels 9.0 Petroleum and Products 2.7 Gases 5.2 Nuclear 0.0 Renewables 1.0 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 386 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 104 Gas/Diesel Oil 851 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 135 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 072 Final Electricity per Capita 4 124 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 128 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 69.5 % on Solid Fuels 64.9 % on Hard Coal 105.9 % on Petroleum Fuels 100.2 % on Crude and NGL 100.2 % on Natural Gas 3.6 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 37 GHGs Emissions 60 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 10 206 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 322 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 450

2000 4.7 4.1

2005 6.2 5.1

2010 8.3 6.4

2012 8.6 6.3

2013 8.8 6.3

0.5 0.1

0.5 0.5

0.5 1.4

0.5 1.8

0.5 1.9

24.0 8.6 4.6 9.3 0.0 1.5 0.0

26.0 8.8 3.3 11.6 0.0 2.2 0.0

28.6 6.4 0.6 17.7 0.0 3.9 0.0

27.6 8.1 0.2 13.7 0.0 5.5 0.0

26.1 7.2 0.2 12.7 0.0 6.0 0.1

0.1 0.6 2.3 % 4.4

0.3 1.9 6.7 % 12.0

0.3 2.1 7.6 % 12.5

0.3 2.0 7.8 % 12.4

4 082

5 075

4 618

4 045

4 136

1 590 1 833

1 823 2 370

1 527 2 304 93 30 63

1 282 2 156 60 28 31

1 186 2 282 72 28 45

112 3 792

93 3 669

92 3 332

82 3 005

81 2 985

5 333

5 854

5 575

5 264

5 259

106

90

90

80

79

84.9 % 89.6 % 86.5 % 64.6 % 70.8 % 47.8 % 93.2 % 100.8 % 79.3 % 98.9 % 100.0 % 97.5 % 89.8 % 98.8 % 101.6 % 72.1 % 86.7 % 95.7 %

84.8 % 89.0 % 55.7 % 72.4 % 90.5 % 111.1 % 98.6 % 100.2 % 95.8 % 103.3 % 95.6 % 95.9 %

5.6 % 7.3 % 7.8 % 4.5 % 5.4 % 5.7 % 14.5 % 19.5 % 20.9 % 2.4 % 4.1 % 5.0 % 47 71

50 73

44 65

40 61

12 349 12 130 3 257 3 306 363 308

9 658 2 899 267

8 747 2 910 238

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

189

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.8 Greece Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 9.4 7.5

2000 10.0 8.2

2005 10.3 8.5

2010 9.5 7.3

2012 10.4 8.0

2013 9.3 6.7

0.5 0.5 0.1 0.0

0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

1.3 0.0 18.3 0.9 0.9 17.3 14.9

1.4 0.1 22.2 0.8 0.8 19.7 19.6 1.7 1.7

1.6 0.0 23.5 0.4 0.4 20.5 18.0 2.3 2.3

0.1 23.9 8.4 1.0 14.0 15.1 0.1 0.0

0.0 28.3 9.0 0.7 16.1 19.7 1.7 1.7

0.3 31.4 8.9 0.3 18.1 18.9 2.4 2.4

2.0 0.0 21.7 0.4 0.4 17.4 19.5 3.2 3.2 0.2 0.5 28.7 7.9 0.4 15.0 19.6 3.2 3.2

2.3 0.0 19.9 0.2 0.2 15.7 21.0 3.7 3.7 0.2 0.2 27.7 8.1 0.2 13.2 20.9 3.7 3.7

2.5 0.0 16.4 0.2 0.2 12.7 19.4 3.2 3.2 0.1 0.2 24.4 7.0 0.2 11.3 20.0 3.2 3.2

1.3 0.1 0.0 23.4 16.4 0.5 15.8

1.4 0.0 0.1 27.6 19.1 0.7 18.7

1.6 0.3 0.0 30.6 21.4 0.8 21.0

2.1 0.5 0.0 27.6 19.7 1.1 19.0

2.5 0.2 0.0 26.9 18.4 0.7 17.1

2.6 0.2 0.0 23.7 15.7 0.7 15.3

1.0 10.8 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 2.9

0.9 12.7 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.0 3.7 0.0

0.5 14.4 0.6 1.0 0.1 0.0 4.4 0.0

0.3 12.1 0.8 1.0 0.2 0.0 4.6 0.0

0.2 9.9 1.0 1.3 0.2 0.0 4.5 0.0

0.2 8.7 0.9 1.1 0.2 0.0 4.2 0.0

4.0 6.5 3.3 0.9 1.0

4.5 7.3 4.5 1.3 1.1 0.0

4.2 8.2 5.5 1.9 1.2

3.5 8.2 4.6 2.0 0.8

3.0 6.4 5.1 1.9 0.3 0.4

2.8 6.3 3.8 1.8 0.3 0.3

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

190

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 8.9 10.9 13.3 15.3 17.8 18.9 Combustible Fuels 6.4 7.6 9.7 10.6 11.2 11.2 Nuclear Hydro 2.5 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.2 Wind 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.3 1.8 1.8 Solar PV 0.0 0.2 1.5 2.6 Geothermal 0.0 Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.0 0.0 Other Sources 0.0 0.0 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 41.6 53.8 60.0 57.4 61.0 57.2 Solid Fuels 28.7 34.3 35.5 30.8 31.1 26.4 Petroleum and Products 8.9 8.9 9.2 6.1 6.1 5.4 Gases 0.1 5.9 8.2 9.8 13.4 10.9 Nuclear Renewables 3.8 4.6 7.0 10.5 10.3 14.4 Wastes, non-RES 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.6 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.0 2.5 2.4 1.9 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 1.7 % 4.3 % 3.9 % 3.4 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 9.7 12.7 13.0 10.5 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 6 504 7 278 8 157 8 004 6 239 6 182 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 921 3 464 4 170 3 867 3 097 2 834 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 037 2 247 2 483 2 730 1 886 2 043 Final Consumption Biofuels 124 103 121 Biogasoline Biodiesel 124 103 121 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 151 149 137 127 144 132 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 244 2 591 2 832 2 575 2 493 2 209 Final Electricity per Capita 3 205 3 952 4 589 4 763 4 689 4 424 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 148 145 134 122 140 128 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 66.7 % 69.5 % 68.6 % 69.1 % 66.5 % 62.1 % on Solid Fuels 11.0 % 8.5 % 4.1 % 5.1 % 2.3 % 3.2 % on Hard Coal 95.2 % 105.9 % 112.5 % 100.3 % 76.0 % 110.2 % on Petroleum Fuels 98.4 % 100.2 % 97.7 % 98.6 % 101.2 % 94.2 % on Crude and NGL 98.8 % 99.5 % 95.2 % 99.5 % 100.7 % 97.1 % on Natural Gas 0.0 % 99.1 % 99.1 % 99.9 % 100.3 % 100.0 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.8 % 13.4 % 15.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 17.8 % 23.4 % 26.5 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 12.3 % 16.4 % 21.2 % RES-T – Transport 1.9 % 1.0 % 1.1 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 100 116 124 108 100 GHGs Emissions 124 141 147 129 121 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9 436 10 670 11 217 9 645 9 039 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 4 205 4 118 3 961 3 745 3 626 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 634 614 542 476 521 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

191

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.9 Spain Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 31.4 Solid Fuels 10.2 of which Hard Coal 8.3 Petroleum and Products 0.8 of which Crude and NGL 0.8 Gases 0.4 of which Natural Gas 0.4 Nuclear 14.3 Renewables 5.5 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 Net Imports 75.4 Solid Fuels 8.6 of which Hard Coal 8.1 Petroleum and Products 58.9 of which Crude and NGL 55.3 Gases 7.5 of which Natural Gas 7.5 Renewables Electricity 0.4 Gross Inland Consumption 102.1 Solid Fuels 19.0 of which Hard Coal 16.7 Petroleum and Products 54.9 of which Crude and NGL 55.8 Gases 7.8 of which Natural Gas 7.7 Nuclear 14.3 Renewables 5.5 Electricity 0.4 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.2 Primary Energy Consumption 94.2 Available for Final Consumption 72.5 Final Non-Energy Consumption 7.9 Final Energy Consumption 64.0 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 2.2 Petroleum and Products 39.5 Gases 6.8 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 3.2 Solar 0.0 Geothermal 0.0 Electricity 12.1 Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.1 by Sector Industry 20.5 Transport 26.4 Households 10.0 Services 4.3 Agriculture and Fishing 2.2 Other 0.5

2000 31.5 8.0 6.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 16.0 6.8 0.2 99.3 12.8 13.3 70.7 57.7 15.5 15.5

2005 30.1 6.3 5.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 14.8 8.4 0.2 123.8 14.4 14.7 79.3 59.9 30.2 30.2 -0.1 144.2 20.6 19.8 70.5 59.9 29.9 29.8 14.8 8.4 -0.1 0.2 135.9 106.0 8.3 97.8

2010 34.5 3.3 3.3 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 16.0 14.6 0.2 106.1 6.7 6.8 68.7 52.7 31.0 31.0 0.4 -0.7 130.0 7.9 8.0 60.4 53.0 31.2 31.1 16.0 15.0 -0.7 0.2 123.0 95.7 7.0 89.1

2012 33.7 2.5 2.5 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 15.9 14.6 0.2 99.4 11.6 11.8 59.2 58.9 28.1 28.1 1.5 -1.0 127.8 15.1 15.2 52.9 59.4 28.6 28.6 15.9 16.1 -1.0 0.2 121.9 88.8 6.0 83.2

2013 34.5 1.8 1.8 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.1 14.6 17.4 0.1 88.7 7.6 7.6 56.0 58.0 25.7 25.7 0.1 -0.6 118.8 10.8 10.8 50.3 58.3 26.1 26.1 14.6 17.4 -0.6 0.1 113.8 84.6 5.0 81.1

0.4 123.6 20.9 19.8 64.0 57.3 15.3 15.2 16.0 6.8 0.4 0.2 114.2 88.8 9.4 79.9 1.8 46.3 12.1 3.4 0.0 0.0 16.2

1.7 53.5 18.0 3.7 0.1 0.0 20.8

1.3 46.8 14.6 5.1 0.2 0.0 21.0

1.3 40.1 14.9 6.0 0.2 0.0 20.7

1.6 39.3 15.0 5.0 0.2 0.0 19.9 0.0 0.0

25.4 33.2 12.0 6.7 2.6 0.0

31.0 39.9 15.1 8.4 3.1 0.2

21.4 37.2 16.9 9.8 2.2 1.5

20.8 33.3 15.5 10.0 2.7 0.7

21.0 32.0 15.0 9.6 2.8 0.8

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

192

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) 45.6 53.9 76.6 Combustible Fuels 21.9 26.2 40.8 Nuclear 7.1 7.5 7.6 Hydro 16.5 18.0 18.2 Wind 0.1 2.2 9.9 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.1 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 167.1 224.5 294.1 Solid Fuels 65.9 79.1 79.1 Petroleum and Products 14.6 22.6 24.4 Gases 4.9 21.9 80.7 Nuclear 55.5 62.2 57.5 Renewables 25.9 38.0 46.9 Wastes, non-RES 0.3 0.6 0.5 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 3.1 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 22.9 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 7.8 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 192.5 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 26 101 32 791 39 227 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 9 152 9 141 7 786 Gas/Diesel Oil 13 373 18 859 25 977 Final Consumption Biofuels 70 256 Biogasoline 113 Biodiesel 70 142 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 144 142 141 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 592 3 071 3 303 Final Electricity per Capita 3 578 4 681 5 548 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 133 132 133 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 71.7 % 76.6 % 81.4 % on Solid Fuels 45.4 % 61.3 % 70.1 % on Hard Coal 48.5 % 66.8 % 74.4 % on Petroleum Fuels 101.5 % 101.0 % 101.2 % on Crude and NGL 99.1 % 100.6 % 100.1 % on Natural Gas 97.4 % 101.6 % 101.4 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 280 337 403 GHGs Emissions 340 409 469 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 112 8 373 9 219 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 744 2 727 2 791 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 394 388 393

2010 101.8 50.5 7.5 18.5 20.7 3.9

2012 105.2 49.7 7.5 18.6 22.8 4.6

2013 105.8 49.8 7.0 19.1 23.0 4.8

301.5 25.3 16.6 95.8 62.0 101.0 0.7

297.6 55.1 15.3 74.2 61.5 90.6 0.7

283.6 41.0 13.8 58.5 56.7 113.0 0.6

3.4 22.4 7.4 % 153.3

4.0 26.4 8.9 % 219.1

3.4 24.1 8.5 % 174.9

35 409 30 755 30 586 5 696 4 778 4 666 24 171 20 419 20 619 1 412 2 087 883 230 198 167 1 181 1 889 716 120 2 792

122 2 734

114 2 549

5 257

5 137

4 980

114

116

110

76.7 % 85.1 % 85.0 % 99.9 % 99.3 % 99.4 %

73.0 % 76.5 % 77.6 % 96.7 % 99.3 % 98.2 %

70.5 % 70.3 % 70.3 % 97.4 % 99.5 % 98.6 %

13.8 % 14.3 % 15.4 % 12.6 % 14.1 % 14.9 % 29.8 % 33.5 % 36.4 % 4.7 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 320 387

317 381

6 867 2 460 296

6 774 2 478 301

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

193

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.10 France Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 127.4 6.0 5.4 3.5 3.0 2.8 2.8 97.3 17.0 0.7 117.1 9.1 8.7 86.4 78.7 27.5 27.5 -6.0 241.8 16.1 14.9 87.1 82.1 29.6 29.6 97.3 17.0 -6.0 0.7 225.9 156.9 15.9 143.5

2000 130.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 1.7 1.5 1.5 107.1 15.7 0.9 134.1 13.0 12.4 91.3 86.8 35.8 35.8 0.0 -6.0 257.5 15.0 14.2 88.9 88.2 35.8 35.8 107.1 15.7 -6.0 0.9 241.4 166.2 16.2 155.3

2005 136.3 0.4 0.4 1.6 1.2 0.9 0.9 116.5 15.9 1.1 144.1 13.5 12.8 95.1 85.4 40.7 40.7 -0.1 -5.2 276.7 14.3 13.8 93.2 86.9 41.0 41.0 116.5 15.8 -5.2 1.1 260.0 177.2 16.7 160.3

2010 135.5 0.2 0.2 1.9 0.9 0.6 0.6 110.5 21.1 1.2 132.1 12.2 11.3 82.9 65.1 39.6 39.6 0.2 -2.6 267.6 12.1 11.2 82.7 66.3 42.5 42.5 110.5 21.2 -2.6 1.2 253.3 171.2 14.3 155.4

2012 134.2 0.2 0.2 1.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 109.7 20.8 1.3 125.2 10.9 10.2 80.9 57.3 36.9 36.9 0.3 -3.8 258.3 11.5 10.9 80.4 57.7 38.2 38.2 109.7 21.1 -3.8 1.3 244.0 164.7 14.3 147.4

2013 135.9 0.2 0.2 1.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 109.3 23.1 1.3 125.1 11.6 11.0 79.4 56.5 38.0 38.0 0.3 -4.2 259.3 12.5 11.9 78.1 56.7 39.0 39.0 109.3 23.3 -4.2 1.3 245.8 167.3 13.5 152.1

6.5 69.8 27.3 9.7 0.0 0.1 29.5 0.6 0.1

5.8 73.2 30.9 8.8 0.0 0.1 33.1 3.2 0.2

5.2 71.4 33.7 9.3 0.0 0.0 36.4 4.2 0.1

4.5 64.6 32.4 11.9 0.1 0.0 38.2 3.5 0.1

4.0 62.2 29.6 11.5 0.1 0.0 37.3 2.5 0.1

3.9 62.1 33.1 12.6 0.1 0.0 37.9 2.3 0.1

36.2 45.9 35.8 20.6 4.1 1.0

37.3 50.6 45.3 13.6 4.3 4.1

33.5 50.5 43.2 20.6 4.7 7.9

28.5 49.7 43.5 23.0 4.5 6.3

27.0 49.6 41.9 22.6 4.4 1.8

30.0 49.3 43.7 23.0 4.6 1.5

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

194

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 107.6 114.7 Combustible Fuels 23.9 26.1 Nuclear 58.5 63.2 Hydro 25.0 25.1 Wind 0.0 0.0 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.2 0.2 Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 494.3 540.0 Solid Fuels 24.2 27.0 Petroleum and Products 7.7 7.2 Gases 6.2 15.4 Nuclear 377.2 415.2 Renewables 78.5 74.2 Wastes, non-RES 0.4 1.1 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 44 879 49 276 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 16 711 14 655 Gas/Diesel Oil 23 352 28 172 Final Consumption Biofuels 154 325 Biogasoline 24 58 Biodiesel 130 266 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 158 145 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 063 4 231 Final Electricity per Capita 5 762 6 323 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 147 136 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 48.0 % 51.5 % on Solid Fuels 56.8 % 86.4 % on Hard Coal 58.0 % 87.3 % on Petroleum Fuels 96.9 % 99.5 % on Crude and NGL 95.8 % 98.5 % on Natural Gas 93.0 % 100.0 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 413 435 GHGs Emissions 571 584 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6 942 7 152 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 708 1 690 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 269 246

2005 115.9 26.4 63.3 25.1 0.9 0.0

2010 124.5 28.8 63.1 25.3 6.0 1.0

569.2 23.4 5.5 26.7 428.5 83.2 2.0

2012 129.3 27.8 63.1 25.4 7.6 4.0 0.0 0.2 1.3 565.8 18.9 6.2 24.5 425.4 88.1 2.0

2013 130.1 27.2 63.1 25.4 8.2 4.6 0.0 0.2 1.3 572.5 21.9 2.5 20.0 423.7 101.7 2.0

0.2

0.2

576.2 27.5 7.9 26.3 451.5 61.3 1.7 6.6 23.2 4.0 % 209.2

4.6 15.7 2.8 % 173.9

5.5 15.2 2.7 % 150.9

4.8 13.9 2.4 % 150.7

48 733 46 140 45 720 45 365 11 470 7 855 6 958 6 739 30 705 31 767 32 058 31 986 651 2 397 2 655 2 690 75 405 400 392 576 1 993 2 255 2 298 144 4 382

134 4 119

126 3 938

126 3 935

6 697

6 835

6 616

6 688

135

127

119

120

51.6 % 49.0 % 94.5 % 101.0 % 92.9 % 100.6 % 99.3 % 97.6 % 98.2 % 98.2 % 99.3 % 93.0 %

48.0 % 95.1 % 93.5 % 97.8 % 99.2 % 96.6 %

47.9 % 93.4 % 91.9 % 98.9 % 99.6 % 97.4 %

12.8 % 13.6 % 14.2 % 16.4 % 17.3 % 18.3 % 14.7 % 16.4 % 16.9 % 6.1 % 7.1 % 7.2 % 446 583

410 541

387 514

7 065 1 612 232

6 308 1 532 205

5 904 1 499 189

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

195

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.11 Croatia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 4.2 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6

2000 3.6

2005 3.8

2010 4.2

2012 3.6

1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4

1.0 1.0 1.9 1.9

0.8 0.8 2.2 2.2

0.8 0.6 1.6 1.6

2013 3.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.6 1.5 1.5

0.7 0.0 2.9 0.2 0.1 2.2 4.0 0.2 0.2

0.9 0.0 4.1 0.5 0.4 2.4 3.9 0.9 0.9

0.9 0.0 5.2 0.6 0.6 3.6 4.0 0.6 0.6

0.3 7.1 0.2 0.1 3.9 5.8 1.9 1.9

0.3 7.8 0.4 0.4 3.9 5.4 2.2 2.2

0.4 8.9 0.7 0.6 4.5 5.1 2.4 2.4

1.2 0.0 4.5 0.7 0.7 3.0 3.6 0.5 0.5 -0.1 0.4 8.6 0.7 0.6 3.7 4.3 2.6 2.6

1.2 0.0 4.4 0.6 0.5 2.4 2.4 0.9 0.9 -0.2 0.7 8.1 0.6 0.6 3.4 3.2 2.4 2.4

1.5 0.0 4.1 0.7 0.7 2.5 2.5 0.7 0.7 -0.2 0.4 7.8 0.7 0.6 3.2 3.1 2.3 2.3

0.7 0.3 6.3 5.3 0.8 4.5

0.9 0.3 0.0 7.1 6.0 0.7 5.4

0.9 0.4 0.0 8.2 7.0 0.7 6.3

1.1 0.4 0.0 8.0 6.9 0.6 6.3

1.0 0.7 0.0 7.6 6.4 0.5 5.9

1.3 0.4 0.0 7.3 6.4 0.5 5.8

0.1 2.1 0.9 0.3

0.1 2.7 1.0 0.4

0.1 3.1 1.2 0.4

0.9 0.2

1.0 0.2 0.0

1.2 0.3 0.0

0.2 2.9 1.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.2 0.0

0.1 2.7 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.0

0.1 2.7 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.0

1.3 1.2 1.4 0.4 0.2

1.4 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.3

1.6 1.9 1.9 0.7 0.2

1.4 2.1 1.9 0.8 0.2

1.1 2.0 1.8 0.7 0.2

1.1 2.0 1.7 0.7 0.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

196

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.1 2.1 Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro 2.1 2.1 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 8.9 10.7 Solid Fuels 0.2 1.6 Petroleum and Products 2.5 1.7 Gases 0.9 1.6 Nuclear Renewables 5.3 5.9 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 186 1 526 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 594 815 Gas/Diesel Oil 477 623 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 237 221 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1 520 1 761 Final Electricity per Capita 2 133 2 673 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 210 202 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 40.6 % 52.9 % on Solid Fuels 85.7 % 111.1 % on Hard Coal 73.9 % 112.9 % on Petroleum Fuels 55.6 % 61.0 % on Crude and NGL 69.2 % 72.1 % on Natural Gas 11.6 % 41.0 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 18 20 GHGs Emissions 24 27 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 3 763 4 592 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 476 2 608 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 586 576

2005 3.9 1.8

2010 4.1 1.9

2012 4.2 1.9

2013 4.3 1.8

2.1 0.0

2.1 0.1

2.1 0.2 0.0

2.2 0.3 0.0

12.5 2.3 1.9 1.8

14.1 2.4 0.6 2.6

10.6 2.2 0.6 2.5

13.4 2.4 0.2 2.0

6.5 0.0

8.6 0.0

5.2 0.0

8.8 0.0

0.7 0.7 0.7 2.0 2.1 1.7 14.3 % 19.9 % 12.6 % 14.9 14.0 13.3 1 901

2 042

1 947

1 983

739 1 038

678 1 186 3 3

616 1 148 37 1 36

602 1 187 33 1 31

202 2 061

190 1 993

185 1 902

180 1 838

3 344

3 692

3 596

3 540

187

177

173

168

58.4 % 52.1 % 91.4 % 102.3 % 90.5 % 102.7 % 79.4 % 80.4 % 78.9 % 82.2 % 23.7 % 18.1 %

53.6 % 52.3 % 87.8 % 110.1 % 87.3 % 110.7 % 71.4 % 77.1 % 74.3 % 81.1 % 37.0 % 31.9 %

14.3 % 16.8 % 18.0 % 13.0 % 18.3 % 18.1 % 34.2 % 35.5 % 38.7 % 0.5 % 0.4 % 2.1 % 24 31

22 29

19 27

5 521 2 678 542

5 026 2 522 480

4 567 2 401 444

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

197

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.12 Italy Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 29.8 0.0

2000 28.5 0.0 5.0 4.6 13.6 13.6

2005 27.8 0.1 0.1 6.4 6.2 9.9 9.9

2010 29.6 0.1 0.1 5.7 5.1 6.9 6.9

2012 35.0 0.1 0.1 5.7 5.5 7.0 7.0

2013 36.9 0.0 0.0 5.8 5.6 6.3 6.3

5.6 5.3 16.6 16.3 7.5 0.2 134.5 13.0 12.6 89.5 73.7 28.5 28.5 0.2 3.2 161.8 12.3 11.9 93.5 79.4 44.9 44.7

9.6 0.3 152.1 13.1 12.9 87.6 83.3 47.0 47.0 0.5 3.8 174.2 12.6 12.2 89.5 87.5 57.9 57.9

10.8 0.7 160.2 16.4 15.9 79.2 89.1 59.8 59.8 0.7 4.2 187.5 16.5 16.0 84.0 94.8 70.7 70.7

15.9 1.0 149.8 14.3 14.5 67.8 79.3 61.6 61.6 2.3 3.8 174.8 14.2 14.3 69.6 83.9 68.1 68.1

21.1 1.1 133.8 15.8 15.9 56.2 69.1 55.4 55.4 2.8 3.7 166.3 16.3 16.5 59.9 74.9 61.4 61.4

23.5 1.1 124.7 13.5 13.0 54.2 58.9 50.6 50.6 2.9 3.6 160.0 14.0 13.6 57.5 63.8 57.4 57.4

7.7 3.2 0.2 152.0 124.9 9.7 114.6

10.1 3.8 0.3 165.8 133.7 8.4 124.7

11.5 4.2 0.7 178.9 142.6 8.6 134.5

18.1 3.8 1.0 165.2 133.5 9.6 124.8

23.9 3.7 1.1 158.4 127.4 7.9 122.1

26.4 3.6 1.1 153.7 125.4 6.3 118.7

3.9 54.1 34.7 1.1 0.0 0.2 20.5

3.6 57.8 38.0 1.5 0.0 0.2 23.5

0.1

0.1

4.0 59.0 40.6 1.7 0.0 0.2 25.9 3.1 0.1

2.9 48.7 38.5 5.1 0.1 0.1 25.7 3.3 0.2

3.4 45.2 35.7 8.3 0.2 0.1 25.5 3.4 0.3

2.4 43.8 35.4 8.2 0.2 0.1 24.7 3.7 0.3

36.0 38.6 26.3 9.8 3.3 0.6

39.7 42.5 27.6 11.5 3.2 0.2

39.9 44.8 31.3 15.1 3.3 0.2

31.3 41.7 31.7 17.0 2.9 0.2

29.4 39.4 34.3 15.9 2.8 0.2

27.0 38.7 34.2 15.8 2.8 0.1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

198

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 65.9 75.5 Combustible Fuels 45.5 54.0 Nuclear Hydro 19.8 20.3 Wind 0.0 0.4 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 Geothermal 0.5 0.6 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.1 0.2 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 241.5 276.6 Solid Fuels 24.1 26.3 Petroleum and Products 120.8 85.9 Gases 50.4 105.6 Nuclear Renewables 45.6 57.6 Wastes, non-RES 0.2 0.5 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 37 665 41 461 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 18 279 17 556 Gas/Diesel Oil 15 238 18 415 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 115 112 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 846 3 060 Final Electricity per Capita 4 192 4 794 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 108 107 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 81.9 % 86.5 % on Solid Fuels 105.9 % 104.6 % on Hard Coal 105.6 % 105.7 % on Petroleum Fuels 93.3 % 96.1 % on Crude and NGL 92.8 % 95.1 % on Natural Gas 63.9 % 81.1 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 455 474 GHGs Emissions 540 564 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 998 8 333 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 811 2 723 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 323 305

2005 85.5 61.9

2010 106.5 74.7

2012 124.2 76.8

2013 124.8 74.7

21.0 1.6 0.0 0.7

21.5 5.8 3.5 0.7

21.9 8.1 16.4 0.7

22.0 8.5 18.4 0.7

0.2 303.7 43.6 47.1 155.1

0.3 302.1 39.7 21.7 157.4

0.3 299.3 49.1 18.9 134.0

0.3 289.8 45.1 15.5 112.3

55.3 1.5

80.3 2.1

94.2 2.3

113.9 2.3

5.9 7.4 7.6 8.3 27.4 34.7 35.8 36.7 9.0 % 11.5 % 12.0 % 12.7 % 193.1 202.5 203.2 212.8 43 427 38 702 36 271 35 495 14 175 10 276 8 770 8 399 23 793 22 703 21 910 21 435 177 1 419 1 368 1 251 122 105 74 177 1 297 1 263 1 176 115 3 222

109 2 921

106 2 756

104 2 638

5 171

5 003

4 918

4 739

110

103

101

100

84.5 % 84.3 % 99.4 % 100.9 % 99.7 % 101.5 % 91.8 % 93.5 % 94.0 % 94.5 % 84.7 % 90.5 %

79.3 % 96.7 % 96.8 % 90.1 % 92.3 % 90.2 %

76.9 % 96.2 % 95.5 % 90.7 % 92.3 % 88.1 %

10.5 % 15.4 % 16.7 % 10.4 % 16.9 % 18.0 % 20.1 % 27.4 % 31.3 % 4.6 % 5.8 % 5.0 % 504 590

441 516

402 475

8 663 2 689 309

7 378 2 526 275

6 656 2 415 256

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

199

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.13 Cyprus Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 0.0

2000 0.0

2010 0.1

2012 0.1

2013 0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 2.8

0.1 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 2.9

0.1 0.0 2.6 0.0

0.1 0.0 2.3 0.0

2.6

2.3

0.0

0.0

2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.8

2.6 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.2

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

2.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.8

2.4 0.0 0.0 2.3 1.2

2.5 0.0 0.0 2.4

2.7 0.0 0.0 2.6

2.5 0.0

2.2 0.0

2.4

2.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.1

1.9 1.5 0.1 1.4

2.3 1.7 0.1 1.6

0.0 2.5 1.8 0.1 1.8

0.0 2.7 2.0 0.1 1.9

0.0 2.5 1.8 0.0 1.8

0.0 2.2 1.6 0.0 1.6

0.0 1.2

0.0 1.3

0.0 1.4

0.0 1.4

0.0 1.3

0.0 1.2

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.2

0.3

0.3 0.0

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0

0.3 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.2 1.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.2 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.2 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0

0.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1

0.4 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

200

2005 0.1

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.7 1.8 Combustible Fuels 0.7 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.6 Nuclear Hydro Wind 0.1 0.1 0.1 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.5 3.4 4.4 5.3 4.7 4.3 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 2.5 3.4 4.4 5.2 4.5 4.0 Gases Nuclear Renewables 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 0.3 % 1.1 % 0.6 % 1.4 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 760 860 982 1 035 951 854 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 194 218 321 413 394 369 Gas/Diesel Oil 293 359 355 338 279 237 Final Consumption Biofuels 15 16 15 Biogasoline Biodiesel 15 16 15 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 168 170 150 144 135 124 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 019 3 477 3 438 3 303 2 913 2 540 Final Electricity per Capita 3 416 4 317 5 362 5 886 5 103 4 549 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 162 164 146 139 133 122 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 100.5 % 98.6 % 100.7 % 100.8 % 97.0 % 96.5 % on Solid Fuels 100.0 % 100.0 % 119.4 % 64.7 % on Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.0 % 119.4 % 64.7 % on Petroleum Fuels 102.6 % 100.3 % 102.3 % 104.2 % 101.0 % 101.0 % on Crude and NGL 96.3 % 98.5 % on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 6.0 % 6.8 % 8.1 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 18.2 % 20.7 % 21.7 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 1.4 % 4.9 % 6.6 % RES-T – Transport 2.0 % 0.0 % 1.1 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 7 8 10 9 9 GHGs Emissions 9 10 12 11 11 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 10 430 12 188 13 070 11 134 9 842 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 455 3 505 3 802 3 370 3 378 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 579 596 571 484 456 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

201

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.14 Latvia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 1.4 0.1

2000 1.5 0.0

2005 1.9 0.0

2010 2.0 0.0

2012 2.3 0.0

2013 2.1 0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

1.4

1.4

3.4 0.2 0.2 2.1

2.4 0.1 0.1 1.2

1.9 0.0 3.1 0.1 0.1 1.8

2.0 0.0 2.2 0.1 0.1 1.7

2.3 0.0 2.7 0.1 0.1 1.6

2.1 0.0 2.6 0.1 0.1 1.7

1.0 1.0 -0.1 0.2 4.6 0.3 0.2 1.9

1.1 1.1 -0.2 0.2 3.9 0.1 0.1 1.3

1.4 1.4 -0.4 0.2 4.6 0.1 0.1 1.5

0.9 0.9 -0.6 0.1 4.6 0.1 0.1 1.5

1.4 1.4 -0.6 0.1 4.5 0.1 0.1 1.4

1.4 1.4 -0.6 0.1 4.5 0.1 0.1 1.4

1.0 1.0

1.1 1.1

1.4 1.4

1.5 1.5

1.2 1.2

1.2 1.2

1.3 0.2

1.2 0.2

4.6 3.9 0.0 3.8

3.8 3.3 0.1 3.3

1.5 0.2 0.0 4.5 4.1 0.1 4.0

1.4 0.1 0.0 4.6 4.2 0.1 4.1

1.7 0.1 0.1 4.4 4.1 0.1 4.0

1.6 0.1 0.1 4.4 4.0 0.1 3.9

0.1 1.2 0.4 0.9

0.1 1.1 0.3 0.8

0.1 1.3 0.5 1.0

0.1 1.4 0.5 0.9

0.1 1.3 0.4 1.1

0.1 1.3 0.3 1.0

0.4 0.9

0.4 0.6

0.5 0.6 0.0

0.5 0.6 0.0

0.6 0.5 0.1

0.6 0.5 0.1

0.7 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.2 0.0

0.6 0.7 1.3 0.5 0.1

0.7 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.2 0.0

0.8 1.2 1.4 0.6 0.2 0.0

0.8 1.1 1.4 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.8 1.1 1.3 0.6 0.2 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

202

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.7 2.9 Combustible Fuels 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.3 Nuclear Hydro 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 Wind 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.0 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 4.0 4.1 4.9 6.6 6.2 6.2 Solid Fuels 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Petroleum and Products 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gases 0.5 1.1 1.5 3.0 2.1 2.7 Nuclear Renewables 2.9 2.8 3.4 3.6 4.1 3.5 Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.2 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.5 3.0 2.1 2.4 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 30.7 % 45.0 % 34.1 % 38.3 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 11.9 10.4 8.8 11.3 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 699 734 1 050 1 163 1 018 1 033 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 430 347 352 294 232 210 Gas/Diesel Oil 242 340 613 728 621 642 Final Consumption Biofuels 3 27 22 22 Biogasoline 8 6 6 Biodiesel 3 19 15 15 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 485 318 252 257 229 216 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1 860 1 632 2 051 2 207 2 231 2 219 Final Electricity per Capita 1 797 1 891 2 559 2 963 3 367 3 267 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 480 311 247 253 224 211 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 70.4 % 61.0 % 63.9 % 45.5 % 56.4 % 55.8 % on Solid Fuels 61.6 % 46.2 % 93.9 % 102.8 % 94.6 % 87.7 % on Hard Coal 93.6 % 81.8 % 97.3 % 106.7 % 98.9 % 91.4 % on Petroleum Fuels 102.6 % 94.8 % 102.2 % 94.4 % 101.7 % 100.3 % on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas 98.9 % 101.9 % 105.6 % 61.8 % 113.8 % 115.5 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 30.4 % 35.8 % 37.1 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 40.7 % 47.4 % 49.7 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 42.1 % 44.9 % 48.8 % RES-T – Transport 3.3 % 3.1 % 3.1 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 10 7 9 10 9 GHGs Emissions 13 10 12 13 12 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 3 859 2 988 3 908 4 604 4 209 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 074 1 831 1 905 2 086 1 886 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 006 581 480 536 432 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

203

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.15 Lithuania Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.8 0.0

2000 3.3 0.0

2005 4.0 0.0

2010 1.3 0.0

2012 1.3 0.0

2013 1.4 0.0

0.2 0.1

0.4 0.3

0.3 0.2

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

0.1 0.1

3.1 0.5

2.2 0.7

2.7 0.9

1.2

1.2

5.5 0.2 0.2 3.6 3.1 2.0 2.0 0.0 -0.2 8.6 0.2 0.2 3.0 3.1 2.0 2.0 3.1 0.5 -0.2 0.0 8.1 5.1 0.5 4.6

4.2 0.1 0.1 2.2 4.6 2.1 2.1 0.0 -0.1 7.1 0.1 0.1 2.1 4.8 2.1 2.1 2.2 0.7 -0.1 0.0 6.4 4.3 0.7 3.8

5.0 0.2 0.2 2.6 8.9 2.5 2.5 0.0 -0.3 8.7 0.2 0.2 2.7 9.3 2.5 2.5 2.7 0.9 -0.3 0.0 7.9 5.4 0.8 4.6

5.7 0.2 0.2 2.6 9.0 2.5 2.5 -0.1 0.5 6.8 0.2 0.2 2.5 9.1 2.5 2.5

5.8 0.2 0.2 2.4 8.6 2.7 2.7 -0.1 0.6 7.1 0.2 0.2 2.5 8.7 2.7 2.7

1.3 0.0 5.3 0.3 0.2 2.3 9.0 2.2 2.2 -0.1 0.6 6.7 0.3 0.2 2.4 9.1 2.2 2.2

1.1 0.5 0.0 6.1 5.5 0.7 4.8

1.2 0.6 0.0 5.9 6.1 1.2 4.8

1.2 0.6 0.0 5.7 5.7 1.0 4.7

0.2 1.7 0.5 0.4

0.1 1.4 0.4 0.6

0.2 1.6 0.5 0.7

0.2 1.6 0.6 0.7

0.2 1.6 0.5 0.8

0.3 1.6 0.5 0.7

0.5 1.2

0.5 0.8

0.7 0.9

0.7 0.9

0.8 0.9

0.8 0.8

1.0 1.0 1.6 0.7 0.2

0.8 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.1

1.0 1.4 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.9 1.5 1.6 0.6 0.1 0.0

1.0 1.6 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.0

1.0 1.6 1.5 0.6 0.1 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

204

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) 5.9 5.7 4.6 Combustible Fuels 2.5 2.5 2.5 Nuclear 2.7 2.4 1.2 Hydro 0.7 0.9 0.9 Wind 0.0 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 13.9 11.4 14.8 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 1.1 0.7 0.4 Gases 0.2 1.6 3.0 Nuclear 11.8 8.4 10.3 Renewables 0.8 0.6 0.8 Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.0 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.3 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 15.5 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 19.9 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 031 1 050 1 405 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 618 390 351 Gas/Diesel Oil 346 513 779 Final Consumption Biofuels 3 Biogasoline 1 Biodiesel 3 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 597 389 330 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 380 2 018 2 622 Final Electricity per Capita 1 751 1 771 2 401 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 560 352 299 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 63.1 % 59.4 % 56.8 % on Solid Fuels 64.4 % 87.0 % 94.6 % on Hard Coal 69.1 % 100.0 % 102.6 % on Petroleum Fuels 114.5 % 100.4 % 91.9 % on Crude and NGL 99.5 % 94.5 % 95.3 % on Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.7 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 16 12 15 GHGs Emissions 23 20 24 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 4 307 3 485 4 388 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 809 1 727 1 674 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 081 671 552

2010 3.6 2.5

2012 4.2 3.1

2013 4.3 3.1

0.9 0.1

0.9 0.3 0.0

0.9 0.3 0.1

0.0 5.7

0.0 5.0

0.0 4.8

0.6 3.2

0.2 2.9

0.2 2.2

1.7

1.7

2.1 0.0

1.1 1.2 1.2 2.0 1.8 1.7 34.6 % 36.1 % 35.0 % 19.3 15.4 15.3 1 469

1 473

1 478

296 951 45 10 34

231 1 026 61 8 52

210 1 052 58 6 51

242 2 191

230 2 375

210 2 261

2 690

2 986

3 028

217

190

178

81.8 % 80.3 % 78.3 % 92.0 % 89.3 % 99.6 % 95.3 % 95.7 % 108.5 % 98.7 % 92.9 % 93.2 % 99.0 % 98.8 % 98.7 % 99.7 % 100.1 % 100.0 % 19.8 % 21.7 % 23.0 % 33.2 % 35.5 % 37.7 % 7.4 % 10.9 % 13.1 % 3.6 % 4.8 % 4.6 % 14 22

15 22

4 611 2 104 510

4 939 2 080 478

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

205

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.16 Luxembourg Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 0.0

2000 0.1

2010 0.1

2012 0.1

2013 0.1

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 3.2 0.5 0.1 1.8

0.0 0.0 3.6 0.1 0.1 2.4

0.1 0.0 4.7 0.1 0.1 3.1

0.1 0.0 4.5 0.1 0.1 2.9

0.1 0.0 4.3 0.1 0.0 2.8

0.1 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 2.8

0.6 0.6 0.4 3.3 0.5 0.1 1.8

0.7 0.7 0.0 0.5 3.7 0.1 0.1 2.3

1.2 1.2 0.0 0.3 4.8 0.1 0.1 3.2

1.2 1.2 0.0 0.3 4.6 0.1 0.1 2.9

1.1 1.1 0.0 0.4 4.5 0.1 0.0 2.8

0.9 0.9 0.1 0.4 4.3 0.0 0.0 2.8

0.6 0.6

0.7 0.7

1.2 1.2

1.2 1.2

1.1 1.1

0.9 0.9

0.0 0.4 0.0 3.3 3.2 0.0 3.1

0.0 0.5 0.0 3.6 3.6 0.1 3.5

0.1 0.3 0.0 4.8 4.5 0.0 4.5

0.1 0.3 0.0 4.6 4.4 0.0 4.3

0.1 0.4 0.0 4.4 4.2 0.0 4.2

0.2 0.4 0.0 4.3 4.2 0.0 4.1

0.3 1.7 0.6 0.0

0.1 2.3 0.6 0.0

0.1 3.1 0.6 0.0 0.0

0.1 2.8 0.7 0.1 0.0

0.1 2.8 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.0 2.7 0.6 0.1 0.0

0.4

0.5 0.0 0.0

0.5 0.1 0.0

0.6 0.1 0.0

0.5 0.1 0.0

0.5 0.1 0.0

1.2 1.3 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.7 1.9 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0

0.8 2.8 0.5 0.4 0.0

0.7 2.6 0.5 0.4 0.0

0.6 2.6 0.5 0.5 0.0

0.5 2.5 0.5 0.6 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

206

2005 0.1

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 Combustible Fuels 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Nuclear Hydro 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Wind 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.2 1.2 4.1 4.6 3.8 2.9 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gases 0.3 0.2 3.1 2.9 2.4 1.4 Nuclear Renewables 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.4 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.5 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 10.1 % 9.6 % 11.7 % 14.6 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 1.2 3.2 3.2 3.4 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 291 1 909 2 772 2 552 2 519 2 474 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 529 595 514 360 359 327 Gas/Diesel Oil 569 990 1 823 1 760 1 786 1 772 Final Consumption Biofuels 1 42 49 55 Biogasoline 1 1 1 Biodiesel 41 47 55 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 148 121 136 118 111 105 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 8 117 8 362 10 307 9 145 8 395 7 953 Final Electricity per Capita 12 200 13 215 13 206 13 015 11 795 11 425 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 146 119 135 117 110 105 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 97.7 % 99.6 % 97.3 % 97.0 % 97.4 % 96.9 % on Solid Fuels 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % on Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % on Petroleum Fuels 98.2 % 102.1 % 99.4 % 99.4 % 100.5 % 100.3 % on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.6 % 99.6 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 2.9 % 3.1 % 3.6 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 4.8 % 5.0 % 5.6 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 3.8 % 4.6 % 5.3 % RES-T – Transport 2.0 % 2.2 % 3.9 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 10 10 13 13 12 GHGs Emissions 11 11 14 14 13 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 23 875 22 289 28 781 24 711 22 548 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 941 2 666 2 792 2 702 2 686 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 435 322 380 319 297 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

207

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.17 Hungary Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 13.9 3.3

2000 11.6 2.9

2005 10.4 1.7

2010 11.1 1.6

2012 10.6 1.6

2.3 2.3 3.8 3.8 3.6 0.9 0.0 12.5 1.4 1.2 5.4 5.9 5.5 5.5

1.7 1.7 2.5 2.5 3.7 0.8 0.0 14.0 1.1 1.1 5.3 5.9 7.3 7.3

1.5 1.4 2.3 2.3 3.6 1.2 0.1 17.4 1.3 1.3 5.8 5.9 9.8 9.8

0.2 26.2 4.6 1.2 7.7 8.2 9.2 9.2 3.6 0.9 0.2 0.0 24.6 18.2 1.6 16.2

0.3 25.3 3.9 1.1 7.0 7.5 9.7 9.7 3.7 0.8 0.3 0.0 23.7 17.7 1.6 16.1

0.5 27.6 3.0 1.2 7.1 7.3 12.1 12.1 3.6 1.2 0.5 0.1 25.4 20.4 2.2 18.2

1.2 1.1 2.2 2.2 4.1 1.9 0.1 15.0 1.1 1.4 5.6 5.7 7.7 7.7 0.0 0.4 25.8 2.7 1.4 6.7 6.6 9.8 9.8 4.1 2.0 0.4 0.1 23.8 18.6 2.0 16.6

1.1 0.9 1.8 1.8 4.1 2.0 0.1 12.3 1.0 1.3 4.8 5.4 6.1 6.1 -0.2 0.7 23.6 2.7 1.3 5.9 6.4 8.3 8.3 4.1 1.8 0.7 0.1 21.7 17.0 1.9 14.8

2013 10.2 1.6 0.0 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5 4.0 2.1 0.1 11.9 0.7 1.1 4.8 5.3 5.6 5.6 -0.2 1.0 22.7 2.3 1.1 5.8 6.2 7.7 7.7 4.0 1.9 1.0 0.1 21.0 16.6 1.8 15.0

1.2 4.2 6.4 0.7

0.7 4.2 6.5 0.7

0.1 2.4 1.3

0.1 2.5 1.4

0.7 4.9 7.9 0.6 0.0 0.1 2.8 1.3 0.0

0.5 4.6 6.3 1.1 0.0 0.1 2.9 1.1 0.0

0.5 4.1 5.1 1.1 0.0 0.1 2.8 1.0 0.0

0.3 4.1 5.4 1.1 0.0 0.1 3.0 1.0 0.0

3.8 2.7 6.3 2.6 0.7 0.1

3.5 3.3 5.6 3.0 0.7 0.0

3.4 4.3 6.5 3.5 0.6

2.9 4.3 5.7 3.1 0.5

2.6 4.0 5.1 2.8 0.4

3.5 3.7 4.8 2.4 0.5 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

208

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 7.4 Combustible Fuels 5.5 Nuclear 1.8 Hydro 0.0 Wind Solar PV Geothermal 0.0 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 34.0 Solid Fuels 9.1 Petroleum and Products 5.3 Gases 5.4 Nuclear 14.0 Renewables 0.2 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 609 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 530 Gas/Diesel Oil 897 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 379 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 535 Final Electricity per Capita 2 686 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 355 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 47.9 % on Solid Fuels 29.5 % on Hard Coal 103.5 % on Petroleum Fuels 71.0 % on Crude and NGL 71.9 % on Natural Gas 60.3 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 62 GHGs Emissions 79 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5 989 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 362 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 895

2000 8.3 6.4 1.9 0.0

2005 8.6 6.7 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0

2010 9.0 6.6 2.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0

2012 9.4 7.0 2.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0

2013 8.4 6.0 2.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0

0.0

35.2 9.6 4.4 6.7 14.2 0.2 0.1

35.8 7.0 0.5 12.5 13.8 1.9 0.1

37.4 6.2 0.5 11.7 15.8 3.0 0.2

34.6 6.3 0.2 9.5 15.8 2.6 0.1

0.0 30.3 6.3 0.1 5.6 15.4 2.8 0.1

2.0 1.9 1.6 1.7 6.8 7.3 4.6 3.9 19.1 % 19.6 % 13.4 % 12.8 % 47.4 42.2 26.0 27.0 3 220

4 208

4 070

3 718

3 415

1 433 1 553

1 589 2 323 3 3

1 381 2 430 175 57 118

1 283 2 244 155 52 103

1 193 2 026 143 37 106

316 2 478

280 2 737

264 2 581

240 2 374

228 2 299

2 883

3 206

3 421

3 308

3 523

296

258

244

221

211

55.2 % 63.1 % 28.2 % 42.8 % 99.0 % 105.1 % 76.0 % 81.2 % 78.6 % 81.2 % 75.4 % 81.1 %

58.1 % 41.9 % 99.5 % 84.2 % 85.2 % 78.7 %

52.3 % 36.8 % 97.5 % 80.8 % 84.7 % 72.9 %

52.3 % 29.5 % 98.8 % 83.9 % 85.5 % 72.1 %

8.6 % 9.5 % 9.8 % 11.0 % 13.4 % 13.5 % 7.1 % 6.1 % 6.6 % 4.7 % 4.6 % 5.3 % 59 77

61 79

52 68

47 62

5 753 2 322 733

6 020 2 199 616

5 235 2 028 535

4 694 1 977 475

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

209

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.18 Malta Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995

2000

2005

2010

2012

2013

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.8

1.5

1.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

0.8

1.5

1.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.8

0.8

1.0

0.9

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.8

1.0

0.9

1.0

0.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.8 0.4 0.0 0.5

0.8 0.4 0.0 0.4

1.0 0.4 0.0 0.4

0.9 0.5 0.0 0.5

1.0 0.5 0.0 0.5

0.8 0.5 0.0 0.5

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.2 0.0

0.2 0.0

0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0

0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0

0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

210

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.6 Combustible Fuels 0.6 0.6 0.6 Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.6 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.3 Solid Fuels 0.1 Petroleum and Products 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 Gases Nuclear Renewables 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 308 277 199 278 271 277 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 129 76 73 74 73 74 Gas/Diesel Oil 106 78 38 103 98 98 Final Consumption Biofuels 1 3 3 Biogasoline Biodiesel 1 3 3 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 175 149 163 140 141 118 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1 998 2 054 2 407 2 229 2 319 1 986 Final Electricity per Capita 3 333 4 018 4 601 4 343 4 578 4 475 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 175 149 159 139 139 117 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 104.8 % 100.3 % 100.0 % 99.0 % 101.0 % 104.1 % on Solid Fuels on Hard Coal on Petroleum Fuels 104.8 % 100.3 % 100.1 % 99.2 % 101.4 % 104.5 % on Crude and NGL on Natural Gas RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 1.0 % 2.7 % 3.8 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 8.4 % 16.7 % 23.7 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 0.1 % 1.0 % 1.6 % RES-T – Transport 0.5 % 3.1 % 3.3 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 3 4 7 6 7 GHGs Emissions 3 4 7 7 7 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 039 10 065 16 702 15 158 16 238 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 4 023 4 900 6 938 6 799 7 003 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 703 728 1 129 952 985 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

211

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.19 Netherlands Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 66.7 0.0

2000 57.6 0.0

2005 62.2 0.0

2010 74.5 0.0

2012 69.4 0.0

2013 74.1 0.0

3.6 3.6 60.9 60.9 1.0 0.9 0.3 14.9 8.8 9.0 31.5 59.5 -26.4 -26.4 0.0 1.0 72.7 9.0 9.2 26.0 63.5 34.5 34.5 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.3 63.4 57.3 9.2 48.0

2.4 2.4 52.2 52.2 1.0 1.3 0.6 33.8 8.0 8.0 41.4 61.0 -17.2 -17.2 -0.1 1.6 75.6 7.9 7.8 28.2 62.5 35.0 35.0 1.0 1.2 1.6 0.6 65.1 61.0 10.5 50.5

2.3 2.3 56.3 56.3 1.0 1.9 0.7 37.1 8.3 8.2 47.8 61.7 -20.9 -20.9 0.3 1.6 81.5 8.2 8.2 32.5 63.8 35.3 35.3 1.0 2.2 1.6 0.7 68.5 64.8 13.0 51.7

6.3 1.4 63.5 63.5 1.0 2.9 0.7 30.5 9.2 9.1 45.2 60.9 -24.2 -24.2 0.1 0.2 86.6 7.6 7.4 34.6 62.3 39.3 39.3 1.0 3.1 0.2 0.7 71.1 70.4 15.5 53.9

6.2 1.5 57.7 57.7 1.0 3.8 0.7 29.2 6.9 6.7 45.7 57.9 -24.6 -24.6 -0.3 1.5 81.8 8.2 7.9 33.9 59.6 33.0 33.0 1.0 3.5 1.5 0.7 67.1 66.4 14.7 51.1

6.5 1.6 61.9 61.9 0.7 4.3 0.7 24.3 9.1 9.1 43.3 55.6 -28.9 -28.9 -0.9 1.6 81.2 8.1 8.0 33.3 57.3 33.2 33.2 0.7 3.4 1.6 0.8 65.9 66.4 15.2 51.2

1.5 14.1 23.0 0.4 0.0

1.3 16.5 21.0 0.3 0.0

1.5 17.4 20.3 0.4 0.0

7.1 1.9

8.4 2.9

9.0 3.0

1.3 18.2 22.4 0.7 0.0 0.0 9.2 2.1

1.5 17.9 19.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 9.2 1.9

1.5 17.6 20.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 9.1 1.9

14.0 12.4 10.9 7.0 3.7

14.8 14.3 10.3 7.2 3.9

14.8 15.2 10.1 8.0 3.5

14.3 15.0 11.5 9.8 3.3

13.9 14.8 10.3 8.8 3.4

13.6 14.6 10.8 8.8 3.5

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

212

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 19.0 21.1 21.8 26.7 Combustible Fuels 18.2 20.1 20.0 23.7 Nuclear 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 Hydro 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Wind 0.3 0.4 1.2 2.2 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 80.9 89.6 100.2 118.1 Solid Fuels 27.4 24.3 23.5 22.6 Petroleum and Products 2.8 2.6 2.3 1.3 Gases 44.4 54.4 61.3 77.4 Nuclear 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.0 Renewables 1.4 3.0 7.4 11.2 Wastes, non-RES 0.6 1.2 1.4 1.6 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 7.2 9.3 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 29.5 39.2 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 29.4 % 33.2 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 220.3 233.6 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 12 282 14 157 15 059 14 596 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 4 228 4 236 4 306 4 167 Gas/Diesel Oil 4 604 5 921 6 651 6 638 Final Consumption Biofuels 230 Biogasoline 135 Biodiesel 95 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 161 137 139 137 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 700 4 746 4 993 5 214 Final Electricity per Capita 5 349 6 142 6 405 6 433 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 140 118 117 113 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 17.7 % 38.0 % 37.7 % 30.4 % on Solid Fuels 97.8 % 101.9 % 101.4 % 121.5 % on Hard Coal 97.4 % 101.5 % 100.3 % 122.3 % on Petroleum Fuels 84.6 % 99.8 % 97.1 % 93.3 % on Crude and NGL 93.8 % 97.7 % 96.7 % 97.6 % on Natural Gas -76.4 % -49.1 % -59.3 % -61.6 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 3.7 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 2.7 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 9.7 % RES-T – Transport 3.1 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 214 222 241 235 GHGs Emissions 266 266 275 263 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 13 824 13 965 14 764 14 129 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 941 2 942 2 957 2 710 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 473 403 412 372

2012 29.9 26.5 0.5 0.0 2.4 0.4

2013 30.5 26.5 0.5 0.0 2.7 0.7

0.1 102.5 24.2 1.1 58.8 3.9 12.5 1.8

0.0 100.9 24.6 1.2 58.1 2.9 12.2 1.7

9.2 9.4 34.5 34.8 33.7 % 34.5 % 224.6 217.9 14 294 14 076 4 151 6 379 335 124 210

3 956 6 304 320 125 194

129 4 882

129 4 832

6 356

6 320

106

105

30.7 % 26.0 % 83.6 % 111.6 % 83.9 % 113.3 % 96.7 % 94.7 % 97.2 % 97.0 % -74.5 % -86.8 % 4.5 % 4.5 % 3.4 % 3.6 % 10.5 % 10.1 % 5.0 % 5.0 % 219 245 13 061 2 676 346

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

213

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.20 Austria Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 8.8 0.3 0.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.3

2000 9.8 0.3

2005 10.0 0.0

2010 12.1 0.0

2012 12.9 0.0

2013 12.1 0.0

1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5

1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4

1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5

0.9 0.9 1.6 1.6

0.9 0.9 1.1 1.1

5.8 0.2 18.0 2.6 2.0 10.1 7.6 5.4 5.4 0.0 -0.2 27.1 3.5 2.3 11.3 8.6 6.4 6.4

6.6 0.3 19.0 3.0 2.3 10.9 7.2 5.3 5.3 0.0 -0.1 29.0 3.6 2.6 12.2 8.3 6.5 6.5

7.2 0.4 24.5 4.0 3.0 13.2 7.9 7.2 7.2 0.0 0.2 34.4 4.0 2.8 14.4 8.9 8.2 8.2

8.9 0.7 21.6 3.4 2.5 11.5 6.7 6.1 6.1 0.4 0.2 34.6 3.4 2.5 12.8 7.8 8.2 8.2

9.7 0.7 21.5 3.3 2.5 11.1 7.5 6.4 6.4 0.5 0.2 33.7 3.2 2.4 12.0 8.5 7.4 7.4

9.5 0.6 21.0 3.1 2.2 11.3 7.9 5.3 5.3 0.7 0.6 33.8 3.3 2.4 12.2 8.7 7.0 7.0

5.9 -0.2 0.2 25.7 22.7 1.4 21.4

6.6 -0.1 0.3 27.3 25.4 1.7 23.7

7.1 0.2 0.4 32.6 29.9 1.7 28.2

9.3 0.2 0.7 32.7 30.3 1.8 28.4

10.1 0.2 0.7 31.9 29.4 1.9 27.5

10.0 0.6 0.6 31.9 29.9 1.9 28.0

1.6 8.9 3.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.8 0.1

1.4 9.8 4.5 2.3 0.1 0.0 4.4 1.0 0.1

1.5 12.1 5.1 2.8 0.1 0.0 5.0 1.4 0.3

1.2 10.5 5.3 3.8 0.2 0.0 5.4 1.8 0.3

1.1 9.8 5.1 3.8 0.2 0.0 5.4 1.8 0.3

1.2 10.1 5.0 3.9 0.2 0.0 5.4 1.9 0.2

6.4 5.8 6.3 2.3 0.5

7.3 7.0 6.3 2.5 0.5

8.8 9.1 6.8 2.9 0.5

9.2 8.7 6.8 3.1 0.6

9.2 8.5 6.5 2.7 0.6

9.3 8.9 6.6 2.6 0.6

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

214

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 17.4 Combustible Fuels 6.1 Nuclear Hydro 11.3 Wind Solar PV 0.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 56.2 Solid Fuels 4.3 Petroleum and Products 2.1 Gases 9.8 Nuclear Renewables 40.0 Wastes, non-RES 0.1 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 5 460 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 429 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 553 Final Consumption Biofuels 10 Biogasoline Biodiesel 10 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 124 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 406 Final Electricity per Capita 5 877 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 118 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 66.4 % on Solid Fuels 75.7 % on Hard Coal 88.3 % on Petroleum Fuels 89.3 % on Crude and NGL 87.6 % on Natural Gas 84.8 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 65 GHGs Emissions 81 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 216 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 412 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 299

2000 17.8 6.1

2005 18.9 6.5

2010 21.2 7.3

2012 22.9 8.2

2013 23.6 8.2

11.6 0.1 0.0

11.6 0.8 0.0 0.0

12.7 1.0 0.2 0.0

13.1 1.3 0.4 0.0

13.1 1.6 0.6 0.0

61.3 5.7 1.7 8.9

66.4 7.2 1.6 14.3

71.1 4.9 1.3 16.1

72.6 4.4 0.7 11.5

68.3 4.2 0.7 8.6

44.8 0.1

43.0 0.3

48.2 0.6

55.1 0.8

54.1 0.7

2.2 4.0 4.4 5.6 7.7 11.8 10.4 9.9 11.6 % 16.6 % 14.4 % 14.4 % 100.1 114.0 111.8 110.8 6 531

8 561

7 792

7 564

7 852

2 016 3 907 16

2 109 5 744 50

16

50

1 700 5 359 495 79 417

1 608 5 211 490 77 413

1 561 5 580 490 67 423

114 3 617

124 4 177

118 4 137

110 4 003

110 3 983

6 433

7 088

7 453

7 471

7 425

108

118

111

104

104

62.4 % 63.7 % 99.8 % 103.4 % 97.5 % 104.0 % 89.7 % 91.9 % 86.2 % 88.7 % 74.4 % 86.2 %

62.3 % 93.8 % 91.3 % 92.9 % 90.5 % 75.5 %

65.4 % 71.3 % 83.9 % 99.3 % 91.6 % 106.9 % 89.1 % 91.4 % 86.9 % 88.5 % 80.6 % 87.7 %

30.8 % 32.1 % 32.6 % 30.5 % 32.4 % 33.5 % 65.7 % 66.5 % 68.1 % 8.7 % 7.8 % 7.5 % 68 82

81 95

74 87

70 82

8 456 2 338 267

9 898 2 370 295

8 906 2 153 253

8 290 2 071 228

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

215

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.21 Poland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 99.4 91.1 78.2 0.4 0.3 3.2 3.2

2000 79.6 71.3 59.2 1.1 0.6 3.3 3.3

2005 78.6 68.9 56.1 1.1 0.8 3.9 3.9

2010 67.4 55.4 43.8 1.1 0.7 3.7 3.7

2012 71.8 57.8 45.1 1.1 0.7 3.9 3.9

2013 71.5 57.1 44.0 1.6 1.0 3.8 3.8

3.9 0.8 -1.2 -21.2 -18.9 14.5 11.9 5.8 5.8

3.8 0.1 8.8 -16.4 -13.9 19.1 17.4 6.6 6.6

-0.2 98.8 70.3 59.7 15.0 12.3 9.0 9.0

-0.5 88.6 56.3 46.4 19.0 17.5 10.0 10.0

4.5 0.2 15.9 -13.0 -9.7 21.5 17.5 8.5 8.5 -0.1 -1.0 92.2 54.6 45.6 21.7 18.0 12.2 12.2

6.9 0.4 31.6 -2.8 1.8 25.2 22.3 8.9 8.9 0.4 -0.1 100.7 54.6 47.9 25.7 22.7 12.8 12.8

8.5 0.4 30.1 -3.3 1.3 23.4 24.0 10.0 10.0 0.2 -0.2 97.8 50.8 42.6 24.5 24.6 13.7 13.7

8.5 0.5 25.3 -5.5 -0.8 21.0 22.8 10.2 10.2 0.0 -0.4 98.2 53.0 44.4 22.9 24.1 13.7 13.7

3.9 -0.2 0.8 95.1 67.3 3.7 62.9

3.8 -0.5 0.1 84.3 58.6 4.4 55.3

4.5 -1.0 0.2 87.7 63.0 4.6 59.0

7.3 -0.1 0.4 95.8 71.1 5.0 66.4

8.6 -0.2 0.4 92.9 67.8 4.9 64.5

8.6 -0.4 0.5 93.2 68.7 5.0 63.4

22.6 11.6 7.8 3.7

13.2 15.5 7.6 3.5

7.7 8.8 0.7

0.0 8.5 6.9 0.1

12.3 17.8 8.8 3.8 0.0 0.0 9.1 7.1 0.1

13.8 20.7 9.5 5.2 0.0 0.0 10.2 6.5 0.4

13.1 19.8 9.3 5.4 0.0 0.0 10.5 5.9 0.4

12.6 18.7 9.4 5.6 0.0 0.0 10.7 5.9 0.4

23.0 8.3 22.7 4.2 4.8 0.0

18.5 9.9 17.2 5.0 4.6 0.0

16.1 12.5 19.5 6.4 4.4 0.0

14.1 17.7 22.0 8.8 3.7 0.0

14.5 17.2 20.8 8.3 3.7 0.0

15.1 16.3 20.4 8.1 3.6 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

216

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 29.5 Combustible Fuels 27.4 Nuclear Hydro 2.1 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 139.0 Solid Fuels 131.8 Petroleum and Products 1.5 Gases 1.5 Nuclear Renewables 3.9 Wastes, non-RES 0.3 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 7 891 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 4 610 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 796 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 521 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 582 Final Electricity per Capita 2 343 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 501 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) -1.2 % on Solid Fuels -30.2 % on Hard Coal -31.7 % on Petroleum Fuels 95.9 % on Crude and NGL 97.1 % on Natural Gas 64.6 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 362 GHGs Emissions 442 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9 463 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 665 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 908

2000 30.6 28.4

2005 32.3 29.8

2010 33.4 29.9

2012 35.3 30.4

2013 35.8 30.0

2.2 0.0

2.3 0.1

2.3 1.1

2.4 2.6 0.0

2.4 3.4 0.0

145.2 135.9 1.9 3.0

156.9 142.2 2.8 6.6

0.0 157.7 136.5 2.9 6.7

0.0 162.1 134.6 2.0 8.1

0.0 164.6 137.7 1.8 7.3

4.3 0.1

5.4 0.0

11.5 0.0

17.3 0.0

17.6 0.0

8.3 8.7 8.3 8.3 26.3 27.7 27.0 26.1 16.8 % 17.6 % 16.7 % 15.9 % 275.4 277.1 260.6 257.4 9 459 11 911 16 317 15 878 14 883 5 319 3 396

4 230 5 657 49 34 15

4 243 9 737 867 170 698

3 841 9 715 807 138 669

3 660 8 930 748 144 603

361 2 317

323 2 417

280 2 615

255 2 537

252 2 549

2 579

2 762

3 091

3 184

3 222

344

307

266

242

239

9.9 % -29.1 % -29.9 % 98.7 % 99.1 % 66.3 %

17.2 % -23.9 % -21.3 % 97.5 % 97.3 % 69.7 %

31.3 % -5.2 % 3.7 % 97.0 % 98.4 % 69.3 %

30.7 % -6.5 % 3.0 % 95.0 % 97.4 % 73.4 %

25.8 % -10.4 % -1.8 % 91.3 % 94.8 % 74.2 %

9.2 % 10.9 % 11.3 % 11.7 % 13.3 % 13.9 % 6.6 % 10.7 % 10.7 % 6.3 % 6.1 % 6.0 % 320 398

320 401

332 410

323 401

8 377 3 615 1 306

8 395 3 473 1 121

8 614 3 294 922

8 382 3 304 842

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

217

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.22 Portugal Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.4

2000 3.9

2005 3.6

2010 5.8

2012 4.8

2013 5.8

0.1

0.0

3.3 18.0 3.8 3.8 14.1 13.0

3.8 0.1 22.1 3.9 4.0 16.0 11.6 2.0 2.0

3.5 0.1 24.8 3.2 3.2 17.1 13.5 3.9 3.9

0.1 20.6 3.6 3.6 13.6 13.0 0.1 0.0

0.1 25.3 3.8 3.8 15.5 11.8 2.1 2.0

0.6 27.5 3.3 3.3 16.2 13.4 3.8 3.8

5.6 0.2 18.6 1.6 1.6 12.4 11.4 4.5 4.5 -0.2 0.2 24.3 1.7 1.7 12.3 11.5 4.5 4.5

4.6 0.2 18.2 3.0 3.0 10.7 11.3 3.9 3.9 -0.2 0.7 22.5 2.9 2.9 10.2 11.3 3.9 3.9

5.6 0.1 17.1 2.5 2.5 10.8 12.5 3.8 3.8 -0.3 0.2 22.6 2.7 2.6 10.5 12.2 3.8 3.8

3.3 0.1 18.6 15.9 2.1 13.9

3.8 0.1 0.1 22.9 20.2 2.4 17.9

3.5 0.6 0.1 24.9 21.7 2.6 19.0

5.5 0.2 0.2 22.6 19.8 1.7 18.1

4.5 0.7 0.2 21.1 17.6 1.3 16.2

5.3 0.2 0.2 21.3 17.2 1.4 15.8

0.5 8.3 0.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 2.5 0.0

0.5 10.7 0.9 2.4 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.1

0.0 10.8 1.3 2.5 0.0 0.0 4.0 0.3 0.0

0.1 9.3 1.6 2.5 0.0 0.0 4.3 0.3 0.1

0.0 7.9 1.6 2.2 0.1 0.0 4.0 0.3 0.1

0.0 7.7 1.6 2.1 0.1 0.0 3.9 0.4 0.1

4.9 4.9 2.6 0.9 0.5 0.0

6.3 6.6 2.8 1.4 0.7 0.0

5.8 7.2 3.2 2.2 0.6 0.0

5.5 7.3 3.0 1.9 0.5 0.0

4.8 6.5 2.7 1.8 0.4 0.0

4.6 6.4 2.6 1.8 0.4 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

218

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 9.4 10.9 13.4 18.9 19.8 18.9 Combustible Fuels 4.9 6.3 7.3 9.9 9.4 8.3 Nuclear Hydro 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.1 5.7 5.7 Wind 0.0 0.1 1.1 3.8 4.4 4.6 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 Geothermal 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 33.3 43.8 46.6 54.1 46.6 51.7 Solid Fuels 13.4 14.6 15.2 7.1 13.1 11.8 Petroleum and Products 10.3 8.4 8.8 3.0 2.2 1.7 Gases 0.1 7.2 13.6 14.9 10.7 7.2 Nuclear Renewables 9.5 13.3 8.6 28.8 20.4 30.6 Wastes, non-RES 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.4 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 5.4 6.4 6.5 7.2 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 11.6 % 11.8 % 13.9 % 13.8 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 59.6 67.2 66.9 68.4 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 4 913 6 604 7 137 6 940 6 130 6 076 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 022 2 272 1 935 1 450 1 180 1 148 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 273 3 523 4 286 4 366 3 790 3 751 Final Consumption Biofuels 309 275 264 Biogasoline 3 5 Biodiesel 305 268 255 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 151 151 157 135 133 136 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 058 2 457 2 616 2 297 2 137 2 162 Final Electricity per Capita 2 873 3 729 4 410 4 718 4 398 4 328 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 136 137 143 125 125 127 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 85.3 % 85.1 % 88.6 % 75.1 % 78.9 % 73.5 % on Solid Fuels 105.8 % 102.9 % 96.3 % 98.3 % 103.3 % 95.4 % on Hard Coal 105.9 % 103.4 % 96.3 % 98.2 % 103.3 % 95.5 % on Petroleum Fuels 100.6 % 99.4 % 102.3 % 97.5 % 99.2 % 97.2 % on Crude and NGL 100.0 % 99.0 % 100.2 % 98.8 % 100.0 % 102.5 % on Natural Gas 100.2 % 103.8 % 100.4 % 99.7 % 101.5 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 24.2 % 25.0 % 25.7 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 33.9 % 34.0 % 34.5 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 40.7 % 47.6 % 49.2 % RES-T – Transport 5.3 % 0.4 % 0.7 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 57 69 73 57 55 GHGs Emissions 74 88 92 75 74 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5 691 6 742 6 952 5 364 5 242 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 765 2 744 2 658 2 336 2 453 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 417 415 418 315 325 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

219

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.23 Romania Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 32.3 7.9 0.7 6.8 6.7 14.4 14.4

2000 28.5 5.6 0.2 6.4 6.3 11.0 11.0 1.4 4.0 0.1 8.0 1.9 1.7 3.4 4.8 2.7 2.7

2005 28.2 5.8 0.0 6.2 5.6 9.7 9.7 1.4 5.0 0.1 10.8 2.9 2.4 4.0 8.9 4.2 4.2

2.8 0.0 0.4 45.1 30.4 1.2 27.0

-0.1 36.6 7.5 1.7 10.0 11.0 13.7 13.7 1.4 4.0 -0.1 0.1 34.8 25.0 1.9 22.8

-0.2 39.2 8.8 2.4 10.3 14.4 13.9 13.9 1.4 4.9 -0.3 0.1 36.7 26.9 2.5 24.7

1.6 5.7 10.3 1.3

1.0 5.5 6.9 2.7

1.6 6.6 7.8 3.2

3.1 4.7 0.2

0.0 2.9 3.6 0.1

15.1 3.1 6.3 0.5 1.0 0.9

9.3 3.5 8.4 0.7 0.4 0.5

2.8 0.4 14.0 2.9 3.0 6.4 8.3 4.8 4.8 0.0 46.3 10.8 3.7 13.1 15.1 19.2 19.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

220

2010 27.8 5.9 0.0 4.6 4.5 8.6 8.6 3.0 5.7 0.0 7.8 1.2 0.5 4.8 6.0 1.8 1.8 0.1 -0.2 35.8 7.0 0.5 9.3 10.7 10.8 10.8 3.0 5.9 -0.2 0.0 34.3 24.8 1.5 22.6

2012 27.4 6.3 0.0 4.2 4.1 8.7 8.7 3.0 5.2 0.0 8.0 1.3 0.8 4.5 5.2 2.3 2.3 -0.1 0.0 35.4 7.6 0.8 8.8 9.2 10.8 10.8 3.0 5.2 0.0 0.0 33.6 24.2 1.7 22.8

2013 26.2 4.7 0.0 4.3 4.3 8.6 8.6 3.0 5.6 0.0 6.0 1.1 0.6 4.0 5.4 1.2 1.2 0.0 -0.2 32.3 5.8 0.6 8.4 9.6 9.8 9.8 3.0 5.6 -0.2 0.0 30.9 22.8 1.5 21.8

0.0 3.3 2.1 0.1

0.9 6.2 6.2 4.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 1.7 0.0

0.8 6.8 6.2 3.8 0.0 0.0 3.6 1.5 0.0

0.7 6.5 5.9 3.7 0.0 0.0 3.5 1.4 0.0

10.0 4.3 8.0 1.7 0.2 0.6

6.9 5.1 8.1 1.9 0.4 0.2

6.8 5.4 8.1 1.8 0.5 0.2

6.3 5.3 7.7 1.8 0.5 0.2

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 6.0 Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro 6.0 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 59.3 Solid Fuels 20.6 Petroleum and Products 5.8 Gases 16.0 Nuclear Renewables 16.7 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 912 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 082 Gas/Diesel Oil 1 583 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 551 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 042 Final Electricity per Capita 1 603 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 536 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 30.3 % on Solid Fuels 26.5 % on Hard Coal 81.7 % on Petroleum Fuels 48.6 % on Crude and NGL 54.9 % on Natural Gas 24.9 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 127 GHGs Emissions 176 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5 599 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 741 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 510

2000 6.1

6.1

51.9 18.9 3.4 9.0 5.5 14.8

2005 19.0 12.0 0.7 6.3 0.0

2010 19.9 11.6 1.4 6.5 0.4

2012 21.8 11.9 1.4 6.5 1.8 0.0

2013 22.9 11.4 1.4 6.6 2.8 0.8

59.4 21.9 1.9 9.8 5.6 20.2 0.0

61.0 20.7 0.7 7.3 11.6 20.7

59.0 22.9 0.8 8.7 11.5 15.2

58.9 16.9 0.6 9.3 11.6 20.5

5.2 4.6 2.2 2.1 15.5 6.5 6.7 6.6 26.2 % 10.7 % 11.4 % 11.2 % 95.4 69.0 66.1 57.9 3 273

4 103

4 882

5 145

5 000

1 321 1 756

1 600 2 298

1 412 3 172 115 47 69

1 331 3 583 188 59 128

1 268 3 468 178 56 122

442 1 634

357 1 839

282 1 768

274 1 763

243 1 618

1 513

1 823

2 041

2 113

2 033

419

335

271

261

232

21.8 % 27.6 % 21.9 % 25.6 % 33.4 % 17.6 % 96.0 % 102.2 % 100.9 % 34.2 % 38.5 % 51.9 % 43.5 % 61.3 % 56.5 % 19.8 % 30.1 % 16.8 %

22.7 % 18.6 % 16.6 % 18.9 % 97.4 % 100.4 % 51.2 % 47.0 % 56.6 % 55.8 % 21.3 % 11.9 %

23.4 % 22.8 % 23.9 % 27.2 % 25.7 % 26.2 % 30.4 % 33.6 % 37.5 % 3.2 % 4.0 % 4.6 % 93 135

100 142

80 116

84 119

4 158 2 545 1 124

4 675 2 542 908

3 971 2 246 634

4 203 2 383 654

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

221

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.24 Slovenia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.0 1.2

2000 3.1 1.1

2005 3.5 1.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.5

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.8 0.0 3.4 0.2 0.2 2.5 0.1 0.8 0.8

0.0

3.1 0.2 0.1 2.3 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.0 -0.1 6.1 1.4 0.1 2.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.2 0.5 -0.1

2012 3.5 1.1

2013 3.6 1.1 0.0

0.0 0.0 1.5 0.8 0.0 3.9 0.3 0.3 2.6

0.0 0.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.3 0.2 2.6

0.0 0.0 1.4 1.0 0.0 3.6 0.3 0.2 2.7

0.0 0.0 1.4 1.1 0.0 3.3 0.3 0.2 2.4

0.9 0.9

0.7 0.7 0.1 -0.1 7.0 1.4 0.2 2.5

0.7 0.7 0.1 -0.1 6.9 1.4 0.2 2.4

0.0 7.3 1.5 0.3 2.6

6.0 4.2 0.1 4.1

-0.1 6.5 1.3 0.2 2.4 0.1 0.8 0.8 1.2 0.8 -0.1 0.0 6.2 4.7 0.2 4.5

0.9 0.9 0.0 -0.2 7.2 1.5 0.2 2.6

0.9 0.9 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 7.0 5.2 0.3 4.9

0.9 0.9 1.5 1.0 -0.2 0.0 7.0 5.2 0.2 4.9

0.7 0.7 1.4 1.0 -0.1 0.0 6.9 5.0 0.1 4.8

0.7 0.7 1.4 1.1 -0.1 0.0 6.8 4.9 0.1 4.8

0.1 2.1 0.6 0.3

0.1 2.3 0.6 0.4

0.1 2.4 0.7 0.4

0.8 0.2

0.9 0.2

1.1 0.2 0.0

0.0 2.4 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.2 0.0

0.1 2.4 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.2 0.0

0.0 2.3 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.2 0.0

1.2 1.3 1.2 0.4 0.0 0.0

1.4 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.0

1.6 1.5 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

1.3 1.8 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.0

1.2 1.9 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

1.2 1.9 1.2 0.5 0.1 0.0

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

222

2010 3.7 1.2

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.5 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.4 Combustible Fuels 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 Nuclear 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Hydro 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.3 Wind Solar PV 0.0 0.1 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 12.9 13.6 15.1 16.4 15.7 Solid Fuels 4.6 4.6 5.3 5.3 5.1 Petroleum and Products 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 Gases 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 Nuclear 4.8 4.8 5.9 5.7 5.5 Renewables 3.3 3.9 3.6 4.9 4.5 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.3 0.3 0.3 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.1 1.1 1.2 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 7.3 % 6.9 % 7.5 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 15.0 11.6 10.7 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 334 1 236 1 476 1 746 1 842 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 880 860 698 600 526 Gas/Diesel Oil 433 350 754 1 111 1 282 Final Consumption Biofuels 45 51 Biogasoline 3 5 Biodiesel 42 46 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 269 231 220 200 197 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 053 3 243 3 661 3 534 3 402 Final Electricity per Capita 4 698 5 289 6 368 5 840 6 101 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 263 223 211 194 194 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 50.9 % 52.8 % 52.5 % 49.3 % 51.7 % on Solid Fuels 13.6 % 18.7 % 21.0 % 19.2 % 21.5 % on Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.5 % 93.8 % 101.3 % 117.7 % on Petroleum Fuels 97.8 % 101.5 % 101.2 % 100.0 % 105.0 % on Crude and NGL 95.9 % 87.5 % on Natural Gas 100.5 % 99.3 % 99.6 % 99.3 % 99.7 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 19.3 % 20.2 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 25.7 % 30.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 32.1 % 31.4 % RES-T – Transport 2.8 % 2.9 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 15 15 17 16 16 GHGs Emissions 19 19 20 20 19 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 576 7 681 8 408 7 941 7 731 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 481 2 369 2 297 2 247 2 272 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 666 548 506 449 448

2013 3.4 1.3 0.7 1.3 0.2

16.1 4.9 0.0 0.5 5.3 5.4 0.0 0.4 1.2 7.1 % 10.8 1 790 485 1 266 62 6 56 196 3 336 6 113 192 47.1 % 19.5 % 97.5 % 95.8 % 99.6 % 21.5 % 31.7 % 32.8 % 3.4 %

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

223

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.25 Slovakia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 5.1 1.0

2000 6.4 1.0

2005 6.7 0.6

2010 6.3 0.6

2012 6.6 0.6

2013 6.8 0.6

0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 3.0 0.5 0.2 12.1 4.1 3.1 3.4 5.1 4.5 4.5

0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.3 0.5 0.3 12.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 5.7 5.7 5.7

0.1 17.7 5.4 3.3 3.3 5.0 5.2 5.2 3.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 16.8 12.2 0.9 11.0

-0.2 18.3 4.3 3.0 3.4 5.9 5.8 5.8 4.3 0.5 -0.2 0.3 16.9 12.7 1.4 11.0

0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.6 0.9 0.1 12.4 3.7 3.5 3.3 5.4 5.7 5.7 0.0 -0.3 19.0 4.2 3.3 3.7 5.6 5.9 5.9 4.6 0.8 -0.3 0.1 17.8 12.8 1.3 11.6

0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 3.8 1.4 0.0 11.2 3.0 2.6 3.3 5.3 5.0 5.0 -0.1 0.1 17.9 3.9 2.8 3.7 5.3 5.0 5.0 3.8 1.3 0.1 0.0 16.8 12.6 1.1 11.5

0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.0 1.4 0.0 10.0 3.1 2.8 3.0 5.2 3.9 3.9 -0.1 0.0 16.7 3.5 2.6 3.4 5.2 4.4 4.4 4.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 15.7 11.3 1.0 10.3

0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 4.1 1.5 0.1 10.3 2.8 2.6 3.0 5.7 4.6 4.6 -0.1 0.0 17.3 3.5 2.6 3.3 5.6 4.8 4.8 4.1 1.4 0.0 0.1 16.2 12.0 1.1 10.9

2.6 1.6 4.1 0.1

1.7 1.7 4.7 0.1

1.9 0.7 0.1

1.9 0.6 0.2

1.6 2.2 4.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.0 0.0

1.6 2.3 4.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.9 0.0

1.4 2.3 3.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.8 0.0

1.5 2.1 3.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.7 0.1

4.7 1.4 2.0 2.7 0.3

4.5 1.5 2.6 2.2 0.2

4.7 2.4 2.5 1.8 0.2

4.4 2.6 2.3 2.1 0.1

4.3 2.3 2.1 1.5 0.1

4.3 2.4 2.1 2.0 0.1

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

224

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) 7.2 7.5 8.3 Combustible Fuels 3.2 2.4 3.1 Nuclear 1.8 2.6 2.6 Hydro 2.3 2.4 2.5 Wind 0.0 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.0 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 26.8 31.2 31.5 Solid Fuels 6.5 5.6 5.5 Petroleum and Products 0.7 0.2 0.7 Gases 2.9 3.9 2.6 Nuclear 11.4 16.5 17.7 Renewables 5.2 5.0 4.8 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.0 0.0 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.4 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 4.8 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 15.3 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 33.7 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 294 1 372 1 731 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 512 605 667 Gas/Diesel Oil 742 740 1 011 Final Consumption Biofuels 11 Biogasoline Biodiesel 11 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 503 437 355 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 304 3 389 3 532 Final Electricity per Capita 4 052 4 075 4 242 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 477 404 331 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 68.5 % 65.6 % 65.3 % on Solid Fuels 76.7 % 80.2 % 88.4 % on Hard Coal 92.9 % 103.8 % 105.2 % on Petroleum Fuels 100.6 % 90.5 % 88.2 % on Crude and NGL 101.5 % 97.6 % 97.7 % on Natural Gas 86.8 % 98.8 % 97.5 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 45 41 42 GHGs Emissions 53 49 50 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 330 7 606 7 795 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 521 2 244 2 207 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 268 980 784

2010 7.9 3.5 1.8 2.5 0.0 0.0

2012 8.4 3.4 1.9 2.5 0.0 0.5

2013 8.5 3.4 1.9 2.5 0.0 0.6

0.0 27.9 3.6 0.6 2.7 14.6 6.3 0.0

0.0 28.7 3.4 0.5 3.3 15.5 5.8 0.0

0.0 28.8 3.1 0.4 2.8 15.7 6.7 0.0

2.8 4.4 4.4 4.4 22.5 22.2 15.9 % 78.6 % 77.0 % 20.1 28.8 27.8 2 093

1 997

1 994

600 1 450 98 24 74

555 1 371 91 18 73

563 1 353 99 18 81

266 3 290

238 3 089

243 3 189

4 445

4 428

4 634

250

224

228

62.9 % 59.9 % 59.6 % 75.7 % 89.7 % 80.6 % 91.9 % 105.9 % 98.4 % 88.5 % 89.1 % 88.5 % 99.9 % 99.3 % 101.0 % 99.9 % 89.8 % 95.6 % 9.0 % 10.4 % 9.8 % 7.8 % 8.7 % 7.5 % 17.8 % 20.1 % 20.8 % 4.8 % 4.8 % 5.3 % 38 46

35 43

6 919 2 103 559

6 536 2 116 504

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

225

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.26 Finland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 13.1 2.0

2000 15.2 1.1

2005 17.0 2.1

2010 18.0 1.8

2012 17.8 1.0

2013 18.7 1.7

0.0

0.5

0.5

0.7

0.7

0.8

5.9 9.4 0.1 17.9 4.0 3.7 9.2 11.2 3.8 3.8 -0.1 0.9 37.1 6.9 4.3 10.1 11.1 3.8 3.8 5.9 9.4 0.9 0.1 35.9 27.6 1.2 26.2

0.0 0.0 5.9 10.0 0.2 16.1 2.6 2.4 9.0 11.9 3.0 3.0 0.0 1.5 34.7 4.6 2.8 9.5 11.8 3.0 3.0 5.9 10.0 1.5 0.2 33.7 26.4 1.0 25.2

0.0 0.0 6.1 9.9 0.2 16.6 3.4 3.1 9.0 12.1 2.9 2.9 0.0 1.4 33.9 5.1 3.6 8.4 12.0 2.9 2.9 6.1 9.9 1.4 0.2 32.8 25.0 1.1 24.6

5.0 6.1 0.0 15.8 3.8 3.7 8.4 8.5 2.8 2.8

5.8 7.8 0.1 18.3 3.5 3.2 10.4 11.7 3.4 3.4

0.7 29.3 6.1 4.1 8.6 9.0 2.8 2.8 5.0 6.1 0.7 0.0 28.2 21.8 1.1 21.8

1.0 32.5 5.1 3.3 9.3 11.6 3.4 3.4 5.8 7.8 1.0 0.1 31.5 24.9 1.0 24.5

6.0 8.2 0.1 19.0 3.3 3.0 10.7 10.6 3.6 3.6 -0.1 1.5 34.5 4.9 2.9 10.3 10.8 3.6 3.6 6.0 8.1 1.5 0.1 33.4 26.5 1.2 25.2

1.3 7.5 1.3 3.9 0.0

1.1 7.9 1.2 4.5 0.0

0.9 8.1 1.1 4.2 0.0

0.8 7.6 1.0 4.9 0.0

0.7 7.2 0.9 5.0 0.0

5.6 2.1

6.5 3.3 0.0

6.9 4.0 0.0

7.2 4.7 0.0

6.9 4.3 0.0

0.6 7.1 0.9 5.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 4.1 0.1

9.8 4.1 5.4 1.0 0.8 0.7

12.3 4.4 4.5 2.3 0.7 0.3

11.9 4.6 5.1 2.6 0.7 0.3

11.4 4.8 5.8 3.1 0.8 0.3

10.9 4.8 5.4 3.0 0.8 0.3

10.8 4.8 5.1 2.9 0.8 0.2

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

226

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 14.4 16.3 16.5 15.5 15.8 16.7 Combustible Fuels 9.3 10.7 10.7 9.5 9.6 10.2 Nuclear 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 Hydro 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 Wind 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 64.0 70.0 70.6 80.7 70.4 71.3 Solid Fuels 16.6 12.5 11.0 20.8 10.8 13.9 Petroleum and Products 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 Gases 7.2 10.8 11.9 11.8 7.2 7.3 Nuclear 19.2 22.5 23.3 22.8 23.0 23.6 Renewables 19.5 23.4 23.5 24.2 28.5 25.6 Wastes, non-RES 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.8 6.2 6.3 6.1 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 27.5 29.2 24.3 24.3 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 38.9 % 36.2 % 34.5 % 34.1 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 250.0 272.8 256.8 251.2 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 4 041 4 294 4 572 4 623 4 541 4 550 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 938 1 828 1 835 1 531 1 385 1 401 Gas/Diesel Oil 1 646 1 940 2 165 2 419 2 409 2 422 Final Consumption Biofuels 140 195 220 Biogasoline 78 91 66 Biodiesel 63 104 155 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 237 206 192 198 183 182 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5 733 6 285 6 582 6 922 6 410 6 238 Final Electricity per Capita 12 768 14 620 15 390 15 565 14 904 14 694 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 228 199 186 192 178 176 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 53.5 % 55.2 % 54.2 % 47.9 % 46.3 % 48.7 % on Solid Fuels 63.4 % 68.9 % 67.7 % 57.8 % 57.7 % 65.7 % on Hard Coal 89.0 % 97.7 % 102.6 % 85.5 % 85.5 % 87.1 % on Petroleum Fuels 94.8 % 103.5 % 98.4 % 89.4 % 92.9 % 106.2 % on Crude and NGL 94.1 % 101.5 % 97.5 % 101.1 % 100.9 % 100.7 % on Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.9 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 32.5 % 34.5 % 36.8 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 44.4 % 48.4 % 50.9 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 27.6 % 29.5 % 31.1 % RES-T – Transport 3.8 % 0.4 % 9.9 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 60 60 59 66 53 GHGs Emissions 73 72 72 77 63 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11 718 11 581 11 330 12 268 9 786 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 044 1 843 1 721 1 772 1 527 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 485 379 331 352 280 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

227

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.27 Sweden Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 31.4 0.2

2000 30.1 0.2

2010 32.8 0.2

2012 35.8 0.1

2013 34.8 0.2

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

18.0 12.8 0.2 20.4 2.8 2.4 17.1 19.2 0.8 0.8

14.8 14.7 0.3 20.4 2.4 2.1 16.8 22.0 0.8 0.8

18.7 14.8 0.5 19.5 2.6 2.2 16.7 19.5 0.8 0.8

14.9 17.0 0.5 19.3 2.5 2.3 15.1 19.6 1.5 1.5

16.5 18.5 0.5 14.7 1.7 1.6 13.7 20.2 1.0 1.0

-0.1 51.5 2.9 2.3 16.8 19.4 0.8 0.8 18.0 12.8 -0.1 0.2 49.5 36.7 2.0 35.1

0.4 48.9 2.5 2.0 15.4 21.8 0.8 0.8 14.8 14.7 0.4 0.3 47.2 36.2 1.7 35.0

-0.6 51.0 2.6 2.1 14.1 19.4 0.9 0.8 18.7 14.8 -0.6 0.5 48.7 35.2 2.3 33.7

0.2 50.8 2.5 2.0 14.2 19.8 1.5 1.5 14.9 17.0 0.2 0.5 48.7 36.9 2.1 34.1

-1.7 49.8 2.2 1.9 12.7 20.4 1.0 1.0 16.5 18.5 -1.7 0.5 48.0 35.3 1.8 32.4

17.1 16.8 0.6 16.0 1.8 1.7 13.8 16.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 -0.9 49.1 2.2 1.9 12.0 16.1 1.0 1.0 17.1 17.1 -0.9 0.6 47.1 34.5 2.1 31.6

1.2 13.9 0.6 5.1 0.0

1.1 13.3 0.7 5.3 0.0

1.3 11.4 0.8 4.7 0.0

1.2 10.0 0.7 5.7 0.0

1.0 9.0 0.8 6.1 0.0

10.7 3.5 0.0

11.1 3.6

11.2 4.2

11.3 5.1

10.9 4.5

13.8 7.8 7.7 4.9 0.8 0.0

14.3 8.2 7.3 4.4 0.8 0.0

12.6 8.6 7.3 4.3 0.8 0.0

12.2 8.6 7.6 5.0 0.7 0.0

11.7 8.3 7.4 4.5 0.5

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

228

2005 34.3 0.2

1.1 8.6 0.7 6.0 0.0 0.0 10.7 4.5 0.0 11.5 8.3 7.0 4.4 0.4 0.0

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 2005 2010 2012 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 33.6 33.7 33.4 36.5 37.8 37.9 Combustible Fuels 7.3 7.5 7.1 8.7 8.4 7.8 Nuclear 10.1 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.4 9.4 Hydro 16.2 16.5 16.3 16.7 16.4 16.5 Wind 0.1 0.2 0.5 2.0 3.6 4.2 Solar PV 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 148.4 145.3 158.4 148.6 166.6 153.2 Solid Fuels 2.4 1.7 1.2 1.8 0.9 1.0 Petroleum and Products 3.9 1.5 1.4 1.8 0.6 0.4 Gases 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.8 1.3 1.2 Nuclear 69.9 57.3 72.4 57.8 64.0 66.5 Renewables 70.6 83.2 81.3 82.2 98.4 82.8 Wastes, non-RES 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.3 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 3.5 5.1 4.5 4.8 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 10.7 18.5 15.9 15.6 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 6.7 % 12.5 % 9.6 % 10.2 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 132.7 187.2 173.8 165.1 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 7 550 7 907 8 217 7 959 7 437 7 348 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 4 559 4 265 4 142 3 320 2 776 2 662 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 100 2 671 3 154 3 653 3 744 3 746 Final Consumption Biofuels 134 376 534 631 Biogasoline 127 202 205 180 Biodiesel 7 174 329 451 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 205 163 149 138 132 128 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5 831 5 511 5 647 5 415 5 232 5 118 Final Electricity per Capita 14 112 14 509 14 474 13 992 13 371 13 022 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 197 157 143 132 127 123 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 38.9 % 40.7 % 36.8 % 36.6 % 28.6 % 31.6 % on Solid Fuels 95.4 % 98.3 % 97.2 % 102.2 % 78.2 % 82.4 % on Hard Coal 101.6 % 107.7 % 104.3 % 115.2 % 81.5 % 89.4 % on Petroleum Fuels 95.6 % 100.8 % 104.0 % 93.6 % 95.4 % 101.4 % on Crude and NGL 99.3 % 100.6 % 100.4 % 99.0 % 99.3 % 101.7 % on Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 47.2 % 51.1 % 52.1 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 60.9 % 65.7 % 67.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 56.0 % 60.0 % 61.8 % RES-T – Transport 7.2 % 12.9 % 16.7 % Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 64 61 62 61 54 GHGs Emissions 79 75 76 74 66 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 240 6 856 6 839 6 515 5 635 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 242 1 244 1 211 1 203 1 077 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 254 203 181 166 142 Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

229

PART 5  Country Profiles

5.28 United Kingdom Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 256.5 32.1 32.1 135.7 134.4 63.7 63.7 22.9 1.8 0.2 -36.8 10.5 10.3 -49.3 -43.7 0.6 0.6

2000 268.5 18.7 18.7 127.9 127.8 97.6 97.6 21.9 2.3 0.2 -39.2 14.5 14.4 -45.6 -41.8 -9.3 -9.3 1.2 230.6 36.5 36.6 81.0 87.1 87.4 87.4 21.9 2.3 1.2 0.2 219.2 163.8 11.3 153.2

2005 204.4 11.9 11.9 87.9 87.6 79.4 79.4 21.1 3.6 0.6 31.6 27.2 26.7 -2.7 -0.2 6.0 6.0 0.4 0.7 234.0 37.7 37.3 84.5 87.2 85.5 85.5 21.1 4.0 0.7 0.6 222.8 165.4 11.2 152.7

2010 147.6 10.8 10.8 63.8 63.6 51.5 51.5 16.0 5.2 0.4 61.2 16.0 16.3 11.2 9.6 32.2 32.2 1.6 0.2 212.2 30.8 31.2 73.0 73.4 85.1 85.1 16.0 6.8 0.2 0.4 204.7 152.0 7.5 142.7

2012 117.0 10.0 10.0 46.1 45.9 35.0 35.0 18.2 7.1 0.7 86.7 27.0 27.2 26.0 26.1 31.4 31.4 1.3 1.0 203.0 38.8 39.0 69.4 71.4 66.5 66.5 18.2 8.4 1.0 0.7 196.6 142.5 6.5 135.0

2013 109.6 7.5 7.5 41.9 41.9 32.9 32.9 18.2 8.4 0.7 94.4 30.6 30.1 28.0 21.4 32.9 32.9 1.7 1.2 201.1 37.3 36.9 67.8 63.4 65.7 65.7 18.2 10.1 1.2 0.7 194.5 143.6 6.5 136.4

1.4 222.3 47.2 47.1 83.6 91.6 65.1 65.1 22.9 1.8 1.4 0.2 209.8 157.1 12.5 142.7 8.2 61.0 47.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 25.3 0.1

6.0 63.7 52.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 28.4 2.4 0.0

4.5 65.9 50.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 30.0 1.3 0.1

4.1 59.5 47.2 2.1 0.1 0.0 28.3 1.3 0.0

3.9 57.4 42.9 1.9 0.2 0.0 27.3 1.2 0.0

4.8 56.9 43.6 2.3 0.2 0.0 27.3 1.3 0.0

34.9 47.7 39.3 16.3 1.3 3.2

36.9 52.9 43.0 16.9 1.2 2.4

33.4 55.5 44.2 16.7 0.9 2.0

26.9 51.5 44.7 17.5 0.9 1.2

24.7 50.7 40.2 17.3 0.8 1.3

25.7 50.5 40.2 17.7 0.9 1.5

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

230

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 70.1 78.4 Combustible Fuels 52.9 61.2 Nuclear 12.8 12.5 Hydro 4.2 4.3 Wind 0.2 0.4 Solar PV 0.0 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.0 Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 334.0 377.1 Solid Fuels 153.8 120.0 Petroleum and Products 17.3 8.4 Gases 65.1 150.4 Nuclear 89.0 85.1 Renewables 8.4 12.7 Wastes, non-RES 0.4 0.5 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 46 975 52 154 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 23 543 23 167 Gas/Diesel Oil 15 322 17 754 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 169 151 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 830 3 915 Final Electricity per Capita 5 079 5 601 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 160 143 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) -16.4 % -16.9 % on Solid Fuels 22.2 % 39.6 % on Hard Coal 21.8 % 39.4 % on Petroleum Fuels -57.4 % -54.9 % on Crude and NGL -47.7 % -48.0 % on Natural Gas 1.0 % -10.7 % RES of the Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 579 591 GHGs Emissions 752 727 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9 981 10 030 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 606 2 562 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 441 386

2005 82.4 64.7 11.9 4.3 1.6 0.0

2010 93.7 72.9 10.9 4.4 5.4 0.1

2012 94.6 69.6 9.9 4.4 8.9 1.7

2013 91.5 63.2 9.9 4.4 11.2 2.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

398.4 134.6 5.3 154.3 81.6 19.9 2.6

381.7 107.7 4.8 176.8 62.1 28.9 1.4

363.4 143.2 2.6 101.2 70.4 44.2 1.9

359.2 130.8 2.1 96.8 70.6 56.6 2.3

5.4 27.2 6.8 % 185.2

6.1 23.6 6.2 % 155.5

6.2 21.9 6.0 % 154.5

6.2 19.7 5.5 % 142.5

55 072 49 960 49 377 49 057 19 975 15 598 14 153 13 450 21 497 22 480 23 495 23 772 80 1 130 930 1 058 54 319 434 459 25 811 496 599 132 3 874

117 3 382

109 3 187

106 3 136

5 775

5 242

4 991

4 952

126

113

106

103

13.4 % 72.1 % 71.5 % -3.2 % -0.2 % 7.0 %

28.5 % 52.2 % 52.3 % 14.8 % 13.1 % 37.9 %

42.2 % 69.5 % 69.8 % 36.1 % 36.6 % 47.2 %

46.4 % 82.0 % 81.6 % 39.8 % 33.7 % 50.1 %

3.3 % 4.2 % 5.1 % 1.8 % 2.3 % 2.6 % 7.4 % 10.8 % 13.9 % 3.1 % 3.7 % 4.4 % 601 718

543 647

521 622

9 948 2 568 340

8 646 2 556 299

8 182 2 567 280

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

231

Appendices

Appendices

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Summary Appendices Methodology����������������������������������������������������������� 236 Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature������������������������������������������� 236 Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN���������������������������������������������� 237 Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE���������������������������������������������� 238 Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR���������������������������������������������� 239 Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN����������������������������������������������� 240 Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE����������������������������������������������� 241 Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR������������������������������������������������ 242 Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations�������������������������������������� 243 Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes������������������������������������������������� 244 Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors���������������������������������������������� 245 Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values���������������������������������������� 246

Appendix Glossary��������������������������������������������������������������������� 247 Appendix 12 – Glossary����������������������������������������������������������� 247

Appendix Notes�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 257 Appendix 13 – Notes��������������������������������������������������������������� 257

Notes���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 262

235

Appendices

Appendices Methodology ESTAT – Energy Numeric Code

Belgique/België Bulgaria* Česká republika Danmark Deutschland Eesti Éire/Ireland Elláda España France Hrvatska Italia Kýpros Latvija Lietuva Luxembourg Magyarország Malta Nederland Österreich Polska Portugal România Slovenija Slovensko Suomi/Finland Sverige United Kingdom

ESTAT Partner Code

ISG Short Name, Source Language*

Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Germany Estonia Ireland Greece Spain France Croatia Italy Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom

ISO 3166 Alpha-2 Country Codes

ISG Short Name EN

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

ISG Protocol Order

Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG) Country Code

Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE GR ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE GB

0012 0068 0061 0008 0004 0053 0007 0009 0042 0001 0092 0005 0600 0055 0054 0022 0064 0085 0003 0038 0060 0040 0066 0091 0063 0032 0030 0006

09 82 22 10 04 85 12 11 15 06 84 07 21 24 25 13 23 27 08 16 87 14 83 86 26 18 17 05

* Latin transliterated. EU Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG): http://publications.europa.eu/code/ Eurostat Website: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ ISO 3166 Country Codes Maintenance Agency: http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm

236

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN ESTAT Energy Database – EN Indicator B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

Code Primary production Recovered products Imports Stock Changes Exports Net imports Final energy consumption Bunkers Gross inland consumption Transformation input Transformation output Exchanges, Transfers, Returns Consumption in Energy Sector Distribution Losses Energy available for final consumption Final energy consumption Final energy consumption – industry Iron and Steel Non-Ferrous Metals Chemical and Petrochemical Non-Metallic Minerals Mining and Quarrying Food and Tobacco Textile and Leather Paper, Pulp and Print Wood and Wood Products Construction Final energy consumption – transport Final energy consumption – rail transport Final energy consumption – road transport Final energy consumption – air transport Final energy consumption – inland navigation Final energy consumption – households, commerce, etc. Residential Final energy consumption – agriculture Final energy consumption – services Final energy consumption – fisheries Final energy consumption – other sectors Statistical Difference

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

237

Appendices

Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE ESTAT Energy Database – DE Indicator B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

Code Primärerzeugung Wiedergewinnung Gesamteinfuhren Bestandsveränderungen Gesamtausfuhren Nettoeinfuhren Energetischer Endverbrauch Bunker Bruttoinlandsverbrauch Umwandlungseinsatz Umwandlungsausstoß Austausch, Übertragung, Rückläufe Verbrauch des Produktionsbereichs Energie Netzverluste Für den Endverbrauch zur Verfügung stehende Energie Energetischer Endverbrauch Energetischer Endverbrauch der Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Stahlindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der NE-Metallindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der chemischen Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nichtmetallische Mineralstoffe verarbeitenden Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Erzgewinnungsindustrie (mit Ausnahme der Brenn-und Kraftstoffgewinnung) Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nahrungs- und Genussmittelindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Textil-, Lederwaren- und Bekleidungsindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Papier- und Druckindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Holz Energetischer Endverbrauch – Baugewerbe Energetischer Endverbrauch im Verkehrssektor Energetischer Endverbrauch des Bahnverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch des Strassenverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch des Luftverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch der Binnenschifffahrt Energetischer Endverbrauch der Privathaushalte, des Handels usw.. Energetischer Endverbrauch der Privathaushalte Energetischer Endverbrauch der Landwirtschaft Energetischer Endverbrauch des Dienstleistungssektors Energetischer Endverbrauch des Fischereisektors Energetischer Endverbrauch anderer Sektoren Statistische Differenz

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

238

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR ESTAT Energy Database – FR Indicator B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

Code Production primaire Récupération Importations totales Variations de stocks Exportations totales Importations nettes Consommation finale énergétique Soutes maritimes Consommation intérieure brute Entrées en transformation Sorties de transformation échanges, transferts, restitutions Consommation de la branche énergie Pertes sur les réseaux Disponible pour la consommation finale Consommation finale énergétique Consommation finale énergétique – industrie Consommation finale énergétique – sidérurgie Consommation finale énergétique – métaux non ferreux Consommation finale énergétique – chimie et pétrochimie Consommation finale énergétique – minéraux non métalliques Consommation finale énergétique – extraction Consommation finale énergétique – aliments, boissons Consommation finale énergétique – textile, cuir, habillement Consommation finale énergétique – papier, carton, imprimerie Consommation finale énergétique – bois Consommation finale énergétique – construction Consommation finale énergétique – transports Consommation finale énergétique – transports ferroviaires Consommation finale énergétique – transports routiers Consommation finale énergétique – transports aériens Consommation finale énergétique – navigation intérieure Consommation finale énergétique – foyers, etc. Consommation finale énergétique – ménages Consommation finale énergétique – agriculture Consommation finale énergétique – services Consommation finale énergétique – pêche Consommation finale énergétique – autres écart statistique

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

239

Appendices

Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN ESTAT Energy Database – EN Indicator 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 5100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

Code All products Solid fuels Hard coal and derivatives Hard coal Patent fuels Coke Lignite and derivatives Total petroleum and products Crude oil and feedstocks Crude oil Crude oil and NGL Feedstocks All petroleum product LPG Motor spirit Motor gasoline, unleaded motor spirit Kerosenes – jet fuels Naphtha Gas/diesel oil Residual fuel oil Gas Natural gas Derived gas Nuclear power Derived heat Renewable energies Hydro power Wind energy Solar energy Tide/wave/ocean energy Biomass and wastes Wood and wood waste Biogas Municipal solid wastes – RES Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Geothermal energy Electrical energy Industrial waste

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

240

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE ESTAT Energy Database – DE Indicator 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 4100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

Code Alle produkte Feste Brennstoffe Steinkohle und Nebenprodukte Steinkohle Steinkohlebriketts Koks Braunkohle und Nebenprodukte Rohöl und Mineralölerzeugnisse Rohöl und Feedstocks Rohöl Rohöl und Erdgaskondensate Feedstocks Alle Mineralölerzeugnisse Flüssiggas Motorenbenzin Unverbleites Benzin Petroleum und Flugturbinenkraftstoffe Rohbenzin Dieselkraftstoffe und Destillatheizöle Rückstandsheizöle Gas Naturgas Abgeleitete Gase Kernenergie Abgeleitete Wärme Erneuerbare Energien Wasserkraftenergie Windenergie Sonnenenergie Gezeiten-/Wellen-/Meeresenergie Biomasse und Abfälle Holz und Holzabfälle Biogas Hausmüll Erneuerbare Biotreibstoff Biobenzin Biodiesel Geothermische Energie Elektrizität Industrieabfälle

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

241

Appendices

Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR ESTAT Energy Database – FR Indicator 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 5100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

Code Tous produits Combustibles solides Houille et dérivés solides Houille Agglomérés de houille Coke Lignite et dérivés Pétrole brut et produits pétroliers Pétrole brut et feedstocks Pétrole brut Pétrole brut et liquides de gaz naturel Feedstocks Tous produits pétroliers GPL Essences moteurs Essences sans plomb Pétrole lampant et carburéacteurs Naphta Gasoil et fuel oil fluide Fuel oil résiduel Gaz Gaz naturel Gaz dérivés énergie nucléaire Chaleur dérivée énergies renouvelables Hydro-électricité énergie éolienne énergie solaire Énergie hydrocinétique/houlomotrice/marémotrice Biomasse/déchets Bois – déchets de bois Biogaz Déchets urbains solides renouvelables Biocarburants Bioessence Biodiesel énergie géothermique énergie électrique Déchets industriels

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

242

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations % € 0 bbl bcm Blank CHP CO2 DG EEA equiv. ESTAT GCV GDP GHG GJ IEA k kgoe ktoe kton kWh LPG M€ '2010 m3 Mio MS MSW Mtoe MW MWh NCV NGL p/cap PJ PV RES RES-E RES-H&C RES-T SI Units TJ toe ton TPES TWh UNFCCC VAT

per cent euro zero or figure less than half of the unit represented barrel billion cubic meters data not available combined heat & power carbon dioxide Directorate-General of the European Commission European Environment Agency equivalent Eurostat, Statistical Office of the European Union gross calorific value gross domestic product greenhouse gas gigajoule International Energy Agency thousand kilogram of oil equivalent kiloton of oil equivalent kiloton kilowatt hour liquefied petroleum gas millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, reference year 2010, at 2010 exchange rates cubic meter million European Union Member State municipal solid waste million ton of oil equivalent megawatt megawatt hour net calorific value natural gas liquid per capita petajoule photovoltaic renewable energy renewable energy – electricity generation renewable energy – heating and cooling renewable energy – transport International System of Units terajoule ton of oil equivalent metric ton, metric tonne, mt Total Primary Energy Supply terawatt hour United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change value added tax

243

Appendices

Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes Standard Prefixes for the SI Units of Measure 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 6 10 9 10 12 10 15 10 18 10 21 10 24

244

Multiple deca (da) hecto (h) kilo (k) mega (M) giga (G) tera (T) peta (P) exa (E) zetta (Z) yotta (Y)

10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9 10 -12 10 -15 10 -18 10 -21 10 -24

Sub-Multiple deci (d) centi (c) milli (m) micro (µ) nano (n) pico (p) femto (f) atto (a) zepto (z) yocto (y)

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors ENERGY 

TO:

TJ

Gcal

Mtoe

GWh

238.8

2.388 x 10 -5

0.2778

1

1 x 10 -7

1.163 x 10 -3

1 x 10 7

1

11 630

860

8.6 x 10 -5

1

bbl

gal US

gal UK

1

0.6290 x 10 -2

0.2642

0.2200

158.99

1

42

34.9723

Multiply by FROM:

Terajoule (TJ)

1

Gigacalorie (Gcal) 4.1868 x 10 Million ton of oil 4 equivalent (Mtoe) 4.1868 x 10  Gigawatt-hour GWh 3.6

-3

VOLUME 

TO:

l Multiply by

FROM:

Litre (l) Barrel (bbl) US gallon (gal US)

3.7854

0.2381 x 10 -1

1

0.8327

UK gallon (gal UK)

4.5461

0.2859 x 10 -1

1.2009

1

t

lt

st

Mass 

TO:

FROM:

Multiply by Ton, Tonne (t)

1

0.9842

1.1023

Long ton (lt) UK

1.0160

1

1.1200

Short ton (st) US

0.9072

0.8929

1

245

Appendices

Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values Energy Content Hard Coal Recovered Hard Coal Patent Fuels Hard Coke Brown Coal Black Lignite Peat Brown Coal Briquettes Tar Benzol Oil Equivalent Crude Oil Feedstocks Refinery Gas LPG Motor Spirit Kerosenes, Jet Fuel Naphtha Gas Diesel Oil Residual Fuel Oil White Spirit Lubricants Bitumen Petroleum Cokes Other Petro. Products Electrical Energy

246

1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kWh

kJ (NCV) 17 200 – 30 700 13 800 – 28 300 26 800 – 31 400 28 500 5 600 – 10 500 10 500 – 21 000 7 800 – 13 800 20 000 37 700 39 500 41 868 41 600 – 42 800 42 500 50 000 46 000 44 000 43 000 44 000 42 300 40 000 44 000 42 300 37 700 31 400 30 000 3 600

kgoe (NCV) 0.411 – 0.733 0.330 – 0.676 0.640 – 0.750 0.681 0.134 – 0.251 0.251 – 0.502 0.186 – 0.330 0.478 0.900 0.943 1 0.994 – 1.022 1.015 1.194 1.099 1.051 1.027 1.051 1.010 0.955 1.051 1.010 0.900 0.750 0.717 0.086

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Appendix Glossary Appendix 12 – Glossary In parenthesis EUROSTAT Energy database/EUROBASE, (Energy section) codes for products (p:) and indicators (B_), as of June 2014. All Fuels The code ‘all fuels’, (p: 0000), covers all energy products. These consist of hard coal and derivatives, lignite and derivatives, peat and derivatives, oil shale and oil sands, petroleum (crude oil) and petroleum products (such as LPG, refinery gas, motor spirit, kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil), natural gas, manufactured gases, derived heat, renewable energies (such as hydro power, wind energy, biomass, wastes, geothermal energy), electrical energy and nuclear power. Annual Installed Capacity Annual installed or new installed capacity of a given source refers to the capacity entering in operation, during a year period. Autoproducer Thermal Power Stations Autoproducer thermal power stations are defined as undertakings which generate electricity wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. Available for Final Consumption (Energy) Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: gross inland consumption (B_100900) + transformation output (B_101100) - transformation input (B_101000) + exchanges, transfers, returns (B_101200) - consumption of the energy sector (B_101300) - distribution losses (B_101400). Biofuels Liquid or gaseous fuels used primarily for transport, produced from biomass, and wastes (p:5545). Liquid biofuels cover bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass), biodiesel (diesel produced from biomass or used fried oil), bio methanol, bio-dimethylether and bio-oil (a pyrolysis oil fuel produced from biomass). The code biofuels (p:5545), groups biogasoline (p:5546), biodiesel (p:5547), bio jet kerosene (p:5549) and other liquid biofuels (p:5548).

247

Appendices

Biomass and RES Wastes Biomass and RES wastes (p: 5540), covers organic, non-fossil material of biological origin, which may be used for heat production or electricity generation. They comprise wood and wood waste (p: 5541), biogas (p: 5542), municipal RES solid waste (p:55431), charcoal (p:5544) and biofuels (p: 5545). The non-renewable part of municipal waste (p: 55432) and the industrial waste (p:7100) are included in Wastes non-RES (p:7200). Capacity Factor – Annual Average It is a measure of efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of actual energy output of a source against its annual maximum potential output, or in other words, to the energy it would produce if operated at full rated power for 24 hours per day during a year. It is equal to the total annual energy production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to average statistical year base. Carbon Energy Intensity This is the average emission rate of CO2 relative to the intensity of the energy activity. It is calculated, in the tables, in kg CO2 emissions per ton of oil equivalent of energy used. Carbon GDP Intensity This represents the average emission rate of CO2 emissions of an economy relative to its GDP. CHP – Combined Heat and Power A combined heat and power unit is an installation in which energy released from fuel combustion is partly used for generating electrical energy and partly for supplying heat for various purposes. The definition of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) or ‘cogeneration’ implies that heat and electricity are produced simultaneously in one process. CO2 Energy Intensity Vide Carbon Energy Intensity. Conventional Thermal Power It is a technology for the production of electricity by fuel combustion. It will include biomass use, which is also considered a renewable source of electricity. Thermal power stations cover conventional public utility power stations for the production of electricity and heat, as well as in auto-producer power stations for the generation of electricity and heat sold to third parties only. Cumulative Installed Capacity This represents the running sum for consecutive periods of a given installed source. It indicates the total capacity availability in each of those periods.

248

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Electricity Mix The electricity mix is the proportion of different sources in electricity production. While energy mix is measured at gross inland consumption level, electricity mix is measured at energy transformation level. Energy Available for Final Consumption Energy available for final consumption, (B_101500), covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: gross inland consumption + transformation output - transformation input + exchanges, transfers, returns - consumption of the energy sector distribution losses. It includes final non energy consumption, (B_101600). Energy Import Dependency Energy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon imports in order to meet its energy needs. It is calculated using the following formula: net imports (B_100300–B_100500)/(gross inland consumption (B_100900) + bunkers (B_100800)). Energy Intensity Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is being used to produce added value. It is defined as the ratio of gross inland consumption of energy (B_100900), to gross domestic product. Energy Mix The energy mix is the proportion of different sources in energy production, supply side, at gross inland consumption level. Energy Sector Broad Definition It includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector as well as the energy commodities production activities, mining and extraction, support activities and manufacture of energy products. Energy Sector Narrow Definition It includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector. EUROBASE The Eurostat, web based, dissemination database contains the full range of publically available data from Eurostat. Final Energy Consumption (FEC) Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses, (B_101700). It excludes deliveries to the energy transformation sector (B_101000…) and to the energy industries themselves (B_101300…). It is the sum of final energy consumption by industry (B_101800), transport (B_101900), household (B_102010), services (B_102035), agriculture/forestry (B_102030), fishing (B_102020) and other unspecified (B_102040). 249

Appendices

Final Energy Consumption – Transport Final energy consumption – transport, (B_101900), covers the consumption in all types of transportation, i.e., rail, road, air transport and inland navigation. Final Non-Energy Consumption (FNEC) Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products for nonenergy purposes (B_101600). It is the sum of final non-energy consumption in the chemical industry, (B_101601) and in non-chemical industries (B_101602). Gases, Gaseous Fuels Gases covers fossil natural gas and derived gases, coke oven gas (p:4210), blast furnace gas (p:4220), gas work gas (p:4230), and oxygen steel furnace gas (p:4240). Gases (p:4000) is the sum of natural gas (p:4100) and derived gases (p:4200). GDP – Gross Domestic Product The gross domestic product is the value of the output of all goods and services produced within the borders of a country. The income measure of gross domestic product (GDP) is derived as compensation of employees plus gross operating surplus plus gross mixed incomes plus taxes less subsidies on both production and imports. GDP at Constant Market Prices GDP values, used, were referenced to year 2010, in millions of euro, chainlinked volumes, at 2010 exchange rates. GHG – Green Houses Gases GHG includes gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect. The Kyoto Protocol covers a basket of six greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by human activities: Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride. Gross Calorific Value (GCV) The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. Gross Electricity Generation The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included.

250

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Gross Electricity Generation Penetration Level Electricity penetration level refers to the fraction of gross electricity production of a source, compared with the total gross electricity generation, all sources. Gross Final Consumption of Energy Gross final consumption of energy means the energy commodities delivered for energy purposes, including the consumption of electricity and heat, by the energy branch for electricity and heat production including losses of electricity and heat in distribution. It excludes the final non energy use (FNEC). The gross (overall) final consumption of energy from renewable sources is calculated as the sum of: (a) gross final consumption of electricity from renewable energy sources; (b) gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources for heating and cooling; and (c) final consumption of energy from renewable sources in transport. Gross Heat Produced It is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary energy form. For auto-producers, the heat used by the undertaking for its own processes is not included here. Only heat sold to third parties should be reported. Gross Inland Consumption (GIC) Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration, (B_100900). It is calculated using the following formula: indigenous production (B_100100) + primary product receipts (B_100110)+ recovered products from other sources (B_100200)+ recycled products (B_100210) + imports (B_100300) + stock changes (B_100400) - exports (B_100500) - international marine bunkers (B_100800). Gross Installed (Electricity) Capacity This covers the gross installed electrical capacity of thermal, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, wind and any other types of power plants. ISIC The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities is a United Nations system for classifying economic activity data, in the fields of production, employment, gross domestic product and other statistical areas. ISG The Inter-institutional style guide is intended to serve as a reference tool for written works for all European Union institutions, bodies and organisations, representing an achievement in linguistic harmonisation.

251

Appendices

Inhabitants This represents the group of persons fulfilling the requirements for legal permanent residency in a region/country. LFS The EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a large sample survey among private households which provides detailed annual and quarterly data on: employment, unemployment and inactivity. The LFS is an important source of information about the situation and trends in the EU labour market, with a sample size is about 1.5 million people every quarter. The data can be broken down along many dimensions including age, sex, educational attainment, and distinctions between permanent/temporary and full-time/part-time employment. In terms of employment figures are more representative of the total sector, but unfortunately not so disaggregated as the SBS survey. Long Scale – Short Scale The long and short scales are two of several different large-number naming systems used for integer powers of ten. Many countries, including most in continental Europe, use the long scale whereas most English-speaking countries and Arabic-speaking countries use the short scale. In the long scale every new term greater than a million is a million times the previous term. Thus, billion means a million millions, trillion means a million billions, and so on. In the short scale every new term greater than million is 1 000 times the previous term. Thus, billion means a thousand millions, trillion means a thousand billions. Name

Long Scale Value in Scientific notation

Short Scale Value in Scientific notation

million

10 6

billion

10 12

10 9

trillion

10 18

10 12

10 6

to the next:

to the next:

multiply by 1 000 000

multiply by 1 000

Milliard, is used in several languages that use the long scale to represent a corresponding value to billions in short scale, i.e. 109.

NACE NACE is the acronym used to designate the various statistical classifications of economic activities developed since 1970 in the European Union. It provides the framework for collecting and presenting a large range of statistical data according to economic activity in the fields of economic statistics (e.g. production, employment, national accounts) and in other statistical domains.

252

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Net Calorific Value (NCV) The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity does not include the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel nor of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. Net Imports Net import is calculated as the difference between imports (B_100300) and exports (B_100500). Net Electricity Generation It is the amount of gross generation a generator produces less the electricity used to operate the plant. Petroleum and Products Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products include crude oil (p: 3105), natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstocks (p:3190) and all petroleum sub-products such as LPG (p:3220), refinery gas (p:3210), motor gasoline (p:3234) aviation gasoline (p:3235), kerosene and jet fuels (p:3240), naphtha (p:3250), gas/diesel oil (p:3260), residual fuel oil (p:3270A), white spirit, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum coke (p:3280) and other petroleum products (p:3295). Petroleum and petroleum products (p:3000) is the sum of Crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, and other hydrocarbon (p:3100) and all petroleum sub-products (p:3200). Primary Energy Consumption Primary energy corresponds to the gross inland consumption minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption. Primary energy intensity Primary energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which primary energy consumption produces added value. It is defined as the ratio of primary energy consumption to gross domestic product. Primary Energy Production – Indigenous production Any kind of extraction of energy products from natural sources to a usable form is called primary production. Primary production takes place when the natural sources are exploited, for example in coal mines, crude oil fields, hydro power plants or fabrication of biofuels. Transformation of energy from one form to another, such as electricity or heat generation in thermal power plants, or coke production in coke ovens, is not included in primary production (B_100100).

253

Appendices

The precise definition depends on the fuel involved: > Solid fossil fuels: Hard coal, lignite, peat… Quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any operation for removal of inert matter. In general, production includes the quantities consumed by the producer during the production as well as any quantities supplied to other on-site producers of energy for transformation or other uses. > Liquid fossil fuels: Petroleum and petroleum sub products Quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boundaries, including off-shore production. Production includes only marketable production, and excludes any quantities returned to formation. Production includes all crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), condensates and oil from shale and tar sands, etc. > Gas fossil fuels: Natural gas and derived gas Quantities of dry gas, measured after purification and extraction of natural gas liquids and sulphur. The production includes only marketable production, and excludes any quantities re-injected, vented and flared, and any extraction losses. The production includes all quantities used within the natural gas industry, in gas extraction, pipeline systems and processing plants. > Nuclear heat Quantities of heat produced in a reactor. Production is the actual heat produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant. > Renewable energy > Hydropower, Wind energy, Solar thermal, Solar photovoltaic energy. Quantities of electricity generated. Production is calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and a conversion factor of 3 600 kJ/kWh. > Geothermal energy. Quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids. Production is calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid disposed of via the re-injection borehole. > Biomass/Wastes In the case of municipal solid wastes (MSW), wood, wood wastes and other solid wastes, production is the heat produced after combustion and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In the case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the heat content (NCV) of the biogases produced. The production includes all quantities of gas consumed in the installation for the fermentation processes, and excludes all quantities of flared gases. In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel .In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel.

254

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2015

Pumping, pumped storage Method for storing electrical energy at hydroelectric installations by pumping water between reservoirs at different altitudes. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Vide Primary Energy Production. Public Supply Thermal Power Stations Are defined as undertakings which generate electricity (and heat) for sale to third parties as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Solar Energy Solar radiation exploited for hot water production - solar thermal (p:5532) and electricity generation – solar photovoltaic (p:5534). This energy production (p:5530), is the heat available to the heat transfer medium, i.e. the incident solar energy less the optical and collectors’ losses. Solid Fuels Solid fuels cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal (p: 2111), coal patent fuels (p: 2112), coke (p: 2120), coal tar (p: 2130), lignite (p: 2210), browncoal briquettes and peat briquettes (p: 2230) and peat (p: 2310). Solid fuels (p: 2000) is the sum of the codes hard coal and derivatives (p: 2100) and lignite and derivatives (p: 2200). SBS Structural business statistics cover industry, construction, trade and services. Presented according to the NACE activity classification, they describe the structure, conduct and performance of businesses across the European Union. Tonne of Oil Equivalent (toe) The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for measuring energy, defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net calorific value of 41 868 kilojoules/kg. TPES Total primary energy supply, an IEA definition, represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration. It corresponds to EUROSTAT gross inland consumption. It is equal to the indigenous production + imports - exports - international marine bunkers +/- stock changes.

255

Appendices

Transformation input Covers all inputs into the transformation plants destined to be converted into derived products, (B_101000). Transformation is only recorded when the energy products are physically or chemically modified to produce other energy products, electricity and/or heat. It is the sum of the Input to conventional thermal power stations (B_101001), Input to nuclear power stations (B_101002), Input to patent fuel and briquetting plants (B_101003), Input to coke-oven plants (B_101004), Input to blast furnace plants (B_101006), Input to gas-works (B_101007), Input to refineries (B_101008), Input to district heating plants and (B_ 101009). Transformation output It is the result of the transformation process of energy, (B_101100). This output covers derived products, namely: patent fuel, coke, browncoal and peat briquettes, pitch, tar, benzol, refined petroleum products, derived gases, electricity from conventional thermal and nuclear power stations and derived heat. Transformation output refers always to gross production of derived products, i.e. the own consumption of the transformation plants is included. It is the sum of the Output from conventional thermal power stations (B_101101), Output from nuclear power stations (B_101102), Output from patent fuel and briquetting plants (B_101103), Output from coke-oven plants (B_101104), Output from blast furnace plants (B_101106), Output from gas-works (B_101107), Output from refineries (B_101108) and Output from district heating plants (B_101109). Transformation Losses The difference between transformation input and transformation output constitutes transformation losses. Turnover Or Gross Premium Written comprises the totals invoiced by the observation unit during the reference period, and this corresponds to market sales of goods or services supplied to third parties. Unemployment Rate The unemployment rate represents unemployed persons as a percentage of the active population.

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Appendix Notes Appendix 13 – Notes Appendix 13.1 1.1.1, 1.1.2 pages 10, 11 Energy production corresponds to the indigenous energy production (IEA methodology). It does not include production from other sources. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.2, 1.1.4, 1.1.6, 1.1.8, pages 11, 13, 15 and 17 Solid fuels, includes hard coal, lignite and peat, as well as derived fuels. Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products comprises crude oil, NGL, feedstock, additives as well as other hydrocarbons. RES (renewables) is equal to the sum of hydro, geothermal, solar PV, solar thermal, tide, wind, municipal waste, primary solid biofuels, biogases, bio gasoline, biodiesel, other liquid biofuels, non-specified biofuels and charcoal energy. Industrial waste not included. 1.1.3, 1.1.4, pages 12, 13 Gross inland consumption, EUROSTAT methodology (see glossary), corresponds to the Total primary energy supply (see glossary TPES), of the IEA methodology. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.5, 1.1.6, pages 14, 15 Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.8, page 17 It is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges. However only autoproducers heat sold to third parties is here included. Autoproducers heat, used by the undertaking for their own processes, is excluded. 1.1.10, page 19 CO2 Intensity refers to CO2 emissions activity intensity, measured by its energy gross inland consumption. 1.2.5, page 25 Natural gas, crude oil and solid fuels (p:4100, p:3105 and p:2000). 1.3.1, page 27 Overall RES share, measured against the total gross final energy consumption.

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Appendix 13.2 2.1.1, pages 35-37 Production comprises primary production and products recovered from other sources, (B_100100 + B_100110+ B_100200+ B_100210). 2.1.2, pages 38-40 Net imports correspond to the total imports minus the total exports, (B_100300 – B_100500). 2.1.3, pages 41-44 Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration, (B_100900). 2.2.1, pages 45-49 Solid fuels, (p:2000), cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal, coal patent fuels, coke, coal tar, lignite, brown-coal briquettes, peat briquettes, peat and oil sands. Hard coal, (p:2111), comprises, only, coking coal and steam coal. 2.2.2, pages 50-54 Total Petroleum and sub-petroleum products, (p:3000), include crude oil (p: 3105), natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstock (p:3190) and all petroleum sub-products. Crude oil and NGL (p:3110) is a subgroup containing only crude oil (p: 3105) and natural gas liquids (p:3106) codes. 2.2.3, pages 55-58 Gases, (p:4000), include natural gas (p:4100) and derived gases (p:4200). 2.2.5, pages 63-65 For products see former points 2.2.1 to 2.2.3. 2.3, pages 66-72 See, glossary energy import dependency, appendix 12. Please note that hard coal dependency is a part of the solid fuels dependency, natural gas, of the gases dependency, and crude and NGL of the total petroleum and petroleum sub-products dependency. The total import dependency – covers all fuels, and it is not a simple average of the upper mentioned products. 2.5.1, page 79 Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. It includes final non energy consumption. 2.5.2, pages 80-83 Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses. It does not include final non-energy consumption.

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2.5.3, page 84 Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products in nonenergy purposes. 2.5.4, page 85 Primary energy intensity corresponds to the gross inland consumption minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption, (B_100900B_101600). 2.6.1, pages 86-88 Installed capacity represents the maximum active power that can be supplied, continuously, with all systems running. Please note that combustible fuels include not only fossil fuels, as well as biomass and wastes, that are later included, also, in the renewables installed capacity. 2.6.2, pages 89-93 The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included. 2.7.1, pages 95-96 The share of the solar and wind energy is measured against to total installed capacity, all sources. 2.7.2-2.7.8, pages 97-105 Wind and solar energy generated by all producers. Annual installed capacity includes new installations and replacement of former wind or solar systems. 2.7.3, 2.7.4, pages 100-101 Gross electricity production wind share measures the percentage of wind produced electricity in the total production. Average capacity factor it is the ratio of actual energy output of wind sources against its annual maximum potential output. It is equal to the total annual electricity production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to an average statistical year base. 2.7.8, page 105 Gross electricity production solar share measures the percentage of solar produced electricity in the total production. 2.8, pages 106-108 The data collection for CHP generation is not based in the annual Heat survey, but instead in a specific survey in accordance with the Community Directive 2004/8/EC. Differences can appear between the two datasets, especially due to the more restrictive methodology employed in the CHP Directive. 259

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While the Directive includes the production of all heat, sold to third parties, under the Directive approach only heat/electricity obeying high-efficiency criteria, is considered. However own heat used by the undertaking for its own processes, is here included. 2.9, pages 109-111 Data is generated by the annual heat survey. Heat, in these tables, include the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary energy form. Only heat sold to third parties is here reported. 2.10, pages 112-114 The tables include the total final energy consumption of petroleum products, and two of its main products: motor gasoline (p:3234), and gas diesel (p:3260), and the total final energy consumption of biofuels (p:5545), and its two main products: biogasoline (p:5546) and biodiesel (p:5547). 2.11.1, page 115 Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is being used (GIC) to produce an added value (GDP). 2.11.4, page 118 Primary energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which primary energy is being used (GIC-FNEC) to produce an added value (GDP). 2.13, pages 123-129 All available price data has been used in the calculation of EU-wide fuel price averages. The overall EU price is an average of the prices in the individual countries weighted by their consumption. Petroleum Products Heating gasoil, low sulphur fuel oil, unleaded petrol and automotive diesel prices are supplied to Energy DG by the Member States as those being the most frequently encountered for the specific categories of sales. The prices given are as of January 15th in each year. The heating gasoil prices given are for deliveries of between 2 000 and 5 000 litres while those for low sulphur fuel oil are for monthly deliveries of less than 2 000 tonnes or annual deliveries of less than 24 000 tonnes. The average pump prices are given for motor fuels. The EU average prices are calculated by weighting the prices from each country by the corresponding final energy consumption. Electricity and gas The legal basis for the collection of industrial gas and electricity prices is defined by EC Directive 2008/92/EC. The collection of prices includes national average prices of the last 6 months reported by different consumer bands. All taxes are included in the current prices.

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Consumption bands have been selected as the most representative for the exercise. Appendix 13.3 3.1.1, page 134 Energy activities sector in its broad and narrow definition (sector d35), as defined by EUROSTAT/NACE and UN/SIC nomenclatures. 3.2, pages 135-137 Data from the LFS survey. At employment level, this dataset presents larger figures than the SBS, due to the difference of methodology, and its sample size. 3.3, pages 138-149 Includes data on number of enterprises, turnover, and persons declared as employed, as originated from the SBS survey that targets especially enterprises business. At employment level is more disaggregated but less complete than the LFS survey. 3.4, pages 150-154 Data is extracted from DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO database. Differences mainly due to data freshness, constant revisions, and methodology can appear when comparing with Eurostat economic data. Appendix 13.4 4.1.1, pages 158-162 GHG, greenhouse gases, are gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect. GHG emissions aggregate includes Fuel combustion emissions and other non-fuel linked emissions (Industrial processes, agriculture, etc.). Fuel combustion emissions include combustion in Energy industries, Manufacturing Industries and construction, Transport, Commercial and Institutional, Residential, Agriculture, Forestry/Fisheries and other combustion and fugitive emissions. 4.1.2 pages 163-167 Structure of emissions similar to the GHG emissions. 4.2.2 page 169 Carbon GDP intensity is the average emission rate of CO2 relative to the total intensity of the economic activity, measured by its GDP. Appendix 13.5 For products see appendices 5-7 and glossary appendix 12. For indicators see appendices 2-4 and glossary appendix 12. For units see appendices 8-11.

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Notes

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