Energy Trends: June 2015

 

Ene E ergy y Tre end ds June e 20 015

25 Ju une 2015 5

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Contents Page Introduction

3

The main points for the first quarter of 2015

4

Section 1 - Total Energy

5

Tables 1.1: Indigenous production of primary fuels 1.2: Inland energy consumption: primary fuel input basis 1.3: Supply and use of fuels

9 10 11

Section 2 - Solid Fuels and Derived Gases

13

Tables 2.1: Supply and consumption of coal 2.2: Supply and consumption of coke oven coke, coke breeze and other manufactured solid fuels 2.3: Supply and consumption of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, benzole and tars

16 17 18

Section 3 - Oil and Oil Products Tables 3.1: Supply and use of crude oil, natural gas liquids and feedstocks 3.2: Supply and use of petroleum products 3.3: Supply and use of petroleum products - annual data 3.4: Supply and use of petroleum products - latest quarter 3.5: Demand for key petroleum products 3.6: Stocks of petroleum at end of period 3.7: Drilling activity on the UK Continental Shelf

19

Section 4 - Gas

31

Table 4.1: Natural gas supply and consumption

36

Section 5 - Electricity

37

Tables 5.1: Fuel used in electricity generation and electricity supplied 5.2: Supply and consumption of electricity

41 42

Section 6 - Renewables

43

Tables 6.1: Renewable electricity capacity and generation 6.2: Liquid biofuels for transport consumption

47 48

1

24 25 26 27 28 29 30

June 2015

Contents continued Special feature articles

Page

Renewable energy in 2014 Fuel Poverty levels in England, 2013 Energy Consumption in the United Kingdom: publication of data Recent and forthcoming publications of interest to users of energy statistics

June 2015

2

49 62 68 69

Introduction Energy Trends and Energy Prices are produced by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) on a quarterly basis. Both periodicals are published concurrently in June, September, December and March. The June editions cover the first quarter of the current year. Energy Trends includes information on energy as a whole and by individual fuels. The text and charts provide an analysis of the data in the tables. The tables are mainly in commodity balance format, as used in the annual Digest of UK Energy Statistics. The 2014 edition of the Digest was published on 31 July 2014. Printed and bound copies of the 2014 Digest can be obtained from The Stationery Office and an electronic version is available on the DECC section of the GOV.UK website at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes The balance format shows the flow of a commodity from its sources of supply, through to its final use. The articles provide in-depth information on current issues within the energy sector. The text and tables included in this publication represent a snapshot of the information available at the time of publication. However, the data collection systems operated by DECC, which produce this information, are in constant operation. New data are continually received and revisions to historic data made. To ensure that those who use the statistics have access to the most up-todate information, revised data will be made available as soon as possible, via the electronic versions of these tables. The electronic versions are available free of charge from the DECC section of the GOV.UK website. In addition to quarterly tables, the main monthly tables that were published in the period up to May 2001 when Energy Trends was produced monthly, continue to be updated and are also available on the DECC section of the GOV.UK website. Both sets of tables can be accessed at: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energy-climate-change/about/statistics Annual data for 2014 included within this edition is on a provisional basis. New data are continually received and revisions to previous data made. Finalised figures for 2014 will be published on the 30 July 2015 in the annual Digest of UK Energy Statistics. Energy Trends does not contain information on Foreign Trade, Weather (temperature, wind speed, sun hours and rainfall) and Prices. Foreign Trade and Weather tables are, however, available on the DECC section of the GOV.UK website at: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energy-climate-change/about/statistics. Information on Prices can be found in the Energy Prices publication and on the DECC section of the GOV.UK website at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/quarterly-energy-prices If you have any comments on Energy Trends or Energy Prices publications please send them to: Kevin Harris DECC Energy Statistics Team Ground Floor – Kings Buildings 16 Smith Square London SW1P 3HQ E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0300 068 5041

3

June 2015

The main points for the first quarter of 2015: 

Total energy production was 1½ per cent higher than in the first quarter of 2014. This small increase was due to rises in the production of bioenergy and waste, and from nuclear as a result of stations returning to operation after outages and maintenance.



Oil production fell by 5 per cent when compared with the first quarter of 2014.



Natural gas production was broadly unchanged when compared to the first quarter of 2014. Gas imports increased by 9 per cent to meet increased demand due to lower temperatures. LNG imports up significantly more than offsetting a fall in pipeline imports.



Coal production in the first quarter of 2015 was 8 per cent higher than the first quarter of 2014. Coal imports were 9 per cent lower as generators’ demand for coal fell by 15 per cent.



Total primary energy consumption for energy rose by 4 per cent. However, when adjusted to take account of weather differences between the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015, total primary energy consumption rose by ½ per cent.



Temperatures in the quarter were on average 1.3 degrees cooler than a year earlier, with February the coldest month of the quarter, 2.0 degrees cooler than a year earlier.



Final consumption was provisionally 6 per cent high than in the first quarter of 2014, within which domestic consumption rose by 11 per cent reflecting the cooler weather. On a temperature adjusted basis, final energy consumption was up 2½ per cent.



Total deliveries of the key transport fuels were up 2 per cent when compared to the same period last year. Motor spirit deliveries were down 2½ per cent, DERV deliveries were up 4½ per cent while aviation turbine fuel deliveries were up 2½ per cent.



Electricity generated in the first quarter of 2015 rose by 1 per cent, from 93.7 TWh a year earlier to 94.9 TWh.



Coal’s share of generation decreased from 37.0 per cent to 31.3 per cent, whilst gas’s share rose from 23.2 per cent to 25.0 per cent. Nuclear’s share of generation rose from 17.6 per cent in the first quarter of 2014 to 19.1 per cent in the first quarter of 2015 due to stations on outage or closed for maintenance in the first quarter of 2014.



Low carbon electricity’s share of generation increased from 37.3 per cent in the first quarter of 2014 to 41.4 per cent in the first quarter of 2015.



Renewables’ share of electricity generation increased to a record level of 22.3 per cent, compared to the 19.6 per cent share in the first quarter of 2014. Hydro generation decreased by 10.5 per cent on the first quarter of 2014. Over the same period, wind generation increased by 5.3 per cent, of which offshore wind generation rose by 6.3 per cent due to much increased capacity. Overall hydro, wind and solar PV generation was up 4.6 per cent.



Renewable electricity generation was a record 21.1 TWh in the first quarter of 2015, an increase of 15 per cent on the same period a year earlier.



In the first quarter of 2015, 148 MW of capacity joined the Feed in Tariff scheme, increasing the total to 3,567 MW, approximately 14 per cent of all renewable installed capacity.

June 2015

4

Total Energy

Section 1 - Total Energy Key results show: Total energy production was 1.5 per cent higher than in the first quarter of 2014. (Charts 1.1 & 1.2) Total primary energy consumption for energy uses rose by 4.2 per cent. However, when adjusted to take account of weather differences between the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015, primary energy consumption is estimated to have increased by 0.5 per cent. (Chart 1.3) Final consumption rose by 6.0 per cent compared to the first quarter of 2014 reflecting the cooler weather in the quarter. Domestic consumption rose by 10.8 per cent, other final users’ consumption rose by 8.1 per cent, transport consumption rose by 1.8 per cent and industrial consumption rose by 0.8 per cent. (Chart 1.4) Net import dependency was 45.1 per cent, up 0.8 percentage points from the first quarter of 2014. (Chart 1.6) Fossil fuel dependency was 84.3 per cent in the first quarter of 2015. (Chart 1.7)

Chart 1.1 Production of indigenous primary fuels Total production in the first quarter of 2015 stood at 31.1 million tonnes of oil equivalent, 1.5 per cent higher than in the first quarter of 2014. Production of bioenergy and waste was 27 per cent higher compared to the first quarter in 2014. Primary electricity output in the first quarter of 2015 was 8.6 per cent higher than in the first quarter of 2014, within which nuclear electricity output was 10.0 per cent higher as stations resumed operation following outages and output from wind and natural flow hydro was 4.6 per cent higher. Production of oil fell by 5.3 per cent compared to the first quarter of 2014, as a result of low production at the Huntington field while production of natural gas fell slightly by 0.5 per cent. Coal production rose by 8.4 per cent.

5

June 2015

Total Energy Chart 1.2 UK production (annual growth rate)

In the first quarter of 2015, the annual growth rate of UK production was 1.5 per cent. The growth was the result of increases in bioenergy, nuclear output, coal production and output from wind and hydro. The rate of growth of 1.5 per cent is the highest since 2002, though production is still generally falling as growth in renewables is more than offset by declines in fossil fuel production.

Chart 1.3 Total inland consumption (primary fuel input basis)(1) Total inland consumption on a primary fuel input basis (temperature corrected, seasonally adjusted annualised rate), was 199.6 million tonnes of oil equivalent in the first quarter of 2015, 0.5 per cent higher than in the first quarter of 2014. On an unadjusted basis inland consumption was 4.2 per cent higher due to the cooler weather. Average temperature in the first quarter of 2015 was 5.2 degrees Celcius, 1.3 degree Celsius lower than the same period a year earlier. Between the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015 (on a seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected basis) coal and other solid fuel consumption fell by 17.4 per cent as demand from electricity generators fell. Also on a seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected basis, between the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015, oil consumption rose by 1.0 per cent, nuclear consumption by 10.3 per cent and bioenergy by 28 per cent. On the same basis, natural gas consumption rose by 3.5 per cent between the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015. Unadjusted demand was up 10.3 per cent, with increases across all sectors. (1) Seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected annual rates

June 2015

6

Total Energy Chart 1.4 Final energy consumption by user

Total final consumption rose by 6.0 per cent between the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015.

Domestic sector energy consumption rose by 10.8 per cent, reflecting the cooler weather compared to a year earlier. Service sector energy consumption rose by 8.1 per cent. Transport sector energy consumption rose by 1.8 per cent. Industrial sector energy consumption rose by 0.8 per cent.

Chart 1.5 Seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected final energy consumption Total unadjusted final energy consumption (excluding non-energy use) rose by 5.9 per cent between the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015.

Million tonnes of oil equivalent

50

45

On a seasonally and temperature adjusted basis final energy consumption (excluding non-energy use) rose by 2.4 per cent between the first quarter of 2014 and the first quarter of 2015.

40

35

Unadjusted domestic consumption rose by 10.8 per cent over the same period, and was up 2.0 per cent on a temperature and seasonally adjusted basis.

30

25 200 Q1 Q2 2012

Q3

Q4

Q1 Q2 2013

Q3

Q4

Q1 Q2 2014

Q3

Q4

Consumption data by fuel and sector is available in the table ET 1.3c on the DECC section of the GOV.UK website at: www.gov.uk/government/statistics/total-energy-section1-energy-trends

Q1 2015

Unadjusted consumption Temperature adjusted consumption Seasonally & temperature adjusted consumption

7

June 2015

Total Energy Chart 1.6 Net import dependency 55%

50%

45%

In the first quarter of 2015 net import dependency was 45.1 per cent, up 0.8 percentage points compared to the first quarter of 2014, but down on the levels seen in quarters 3 and 4 of 2014.

40%

35%

30%

0% 25% Q1 Q2 2012

Q3

Q4

Q1 Q2 2013

Q3

Q4

Q1 Q2 2014

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Chart 1.7 Fossil fuel dependency 90%

88%

86%

In the first quarter of 2015 fossil fuel dependency was 84.3 per cent, down 1.5 percentage points from the first quarter of 2014.

84%

82%

80%

0% 78% Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Relevant tables 1.1: Indigenous production of primary fuels……………………………………………………… Page 9 1.2: Inland energy consumption: primary fuel input basis……………………………………….Page 10 1.3: Supply and use of fuels…………………………………………………………………….Page 11-12 Contacts for further information: Iain MacLeay Total energy statistics Tel: 0300 068 5048 E-mail: [email protected]

June 2015

Anwar Annut Total energy statistics Tel: 0300 068 5060 E-mail: [email protected]

8

1 TOTAL ENERGY TABLE 1.1. Indigenous production of primary fuels Million tonnes of oil equivalent

Primary electricity 2

4,5

Wind and natural flow hydro6

Total

Coal1

Petroleum

Natural gas3

2010

158.6r

11.5

69.0

57.2

5.9r

13.9

1.19

2011

137.3r

11.6

56.9

45.3

6.1r

15.6

1.86r

2012

122.6r

10.6

48.8

38.9

6.8r

15.2

2.28r

2013

115.0r

8.0

44.5

36.5

7.5r

15.4

3.02

2014 p

112.8r

7.2

43.7r

36.6

7.9

13.9

3.61r

-10.6

-1.7

+0.2

+5.3

-10.3

Bioenergy & waste

Nuclear

-1.9

2014

Quarter 1

30.7r

1.8

12.1

9.9

2.1r

3.6

1.19r

Quarter 2

28.6r

1.8

11.3

9.3

1.7r

3.8

0.66r

Quarter 3

24.5r

1.9

9.0r

8.0

1.6

3.4

0.64r

Quarter 4

29.0r

1.7

11.4r

9.3r

2.4r

3.1

1.12r

Quarter 1 p

31.1r

1.9

11.5r

9.9r

2.7r

3.9r

1.24r

9

Per cent change

2015

Per cent change 7

+1.5

+8.4

-5.3

-0.5

+27.1

1. Includes an estimate of slurry. 2. Crude oil, offshore and land, plus condensates and petroleum gases derived at onshore treatment plants. 3. Includes colliery methane, excludes gas flared or re-injected. 4. Includes solid renewable sources (wood, straw and waste), a small amount of renewable primary heat sources (solar, geothermal etc), liquid biofuels and sewage gas and landfill gas.

June 2015

5. Bioenergy & waste introduced as a separate category from March 2014 - see special feature article in the March 2014 edition of Energy Trends at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-trends-articles 6. Includes generation by solar PV. 7. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.

+10.0

+19.5

+4.6

June 2015

1 TOTAL ENERGY TABLE 1.2 Inland energy consumption: primary fuel input basis Natural Total

Bioenergy

Million tonnes of oil equivalent

Primary electricity Wind and natural

Net

Coal1

Petroleum 2

gas3

& waste4, 5

Nuclear

flow hydro6

imports

Unadjusted 7

Total

Coal

Petroleum

Natural

Bioenergy

gas

& waste

Seasonally adjusted and temperature corrected

8,9

Primary electricity Wind and natural Nuclear

Net

flow hydro imports

(annualised rates)

2010

219.4r

32.7

70.2

93.6

7.6r

13.9

1.19

0.23

213.5r

31.1

70.2

89.2

7.6r

13.9

1.19

0.23

2011

203.5r

32.3

67.8

77.6

7.7r

15.6

1.86r

0.53

209.1r

34.0

67.8

81.5

7.7r

15.6

1.86r

0.53

2012

208.0r

41.0

67.0r

73.3

8.3r

15.2

2.28r

1.02

208.0r

40.9

67.0r

73.3

8.3r

15.2

2.28r

1.02

2013

207.0r

39.2

66.1r

72.7

9.4r

15.4

3.02

1.24

204.1r

38.4

66.1r

70.5

9.4r

15.4

3.02

1.24

2014 p

193.0r

31.3

65.8r

65.9r

10.7r

13.9

3.61r

1.76

198.3r

33.0

65.8r

69.6

10.7r

13.9

3.61r

1.76

-6.8

-0.3

-9.3

-0.3

-1.3

2014

Quarter 1

55.8r

10.3

15.9r

21.6

2.7r

3.6

1.19r

0.42

198.5r

37.4

63.5r

67.3r

10.9r

13.6r

4.04r

1.68

Quarter 2

43.9

7.0

16.4r

13.1

2.4r

3.8

0.66r

0.44

196.8r

34.7

65.4r

67.0r

9.8r

15.0r

3.20r

1.75

Quarter 3

41.0

5.7

16.8r

11.5

2.4r

3.4

0.64r

0.47

197.4r

28.9

67.4r

72.2r

9.6r

13.9

3.52r

1.87

Quarter 4

52.4r

8.3

16.8r

19.7

3.1r

3.1

1.12r

0.44

200.5r

30.9

67.0r

71.8r

12.4r

12.9

3.67r

1.76

Quarter 1 p

58.1r +4.2

9.1r -12.1

16.0r +1.0

23.8 +10.3

3.5r +28.3

3.9r +10.0

1.24r +4.6

0.42 -0.1

199.6r +0.5

30.9r -17.4

64.2r +1.0

69.7r +3.5

14.0r +28.3

15.0r +10.3

4.11r +1.8

1.68 -0.1

10

Per cent change

2015

Per cent change 10

-20.0

+13.5

-10.3

+19.5

+42.1

-2.8

-14.2

1. Includes net foreign trade and stock changes in other solid fuels. 2. Inland deliveries for energy use, plus refinery fuel and losses, minus the differences between deliveries and actual consumption at power stations. 3. Includes gas used during production and colliery methane. Excludes gas flared or re-injected and non-energy use of gas. 4. Includes solid renewable sources (wood, straw and waste), a small amount of renewable primary heat sources (solar, geothermal, etc.), liquid biofuels, landfill gas and sewage gas. 5. Bioenergy & waste introduced as a separate category from March 2014 - see special feature article in the March 2014 edition of Energy Trends at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-trends-articles 6. Includes generation by solar PV. Excludes generation from pumped storage stations. 7. Not seasonally adjusted or temperature corrected. 8. Coal and natural gas are temperature corrected; petroleum, bioenergy and waste, and primary electricity are not temperature corrected. 9. For details of temperature correction see the June and September 2011 editions of Energy Trends; Seasonal and temperature adjustment factors were reassessed in June 2013 www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-trends 10. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.

+13.5

-10.3

+19.5

+42.1

1 TOTAL ENERGY Table 1.3a Supply and use of fuels Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

2013

2014 p

2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th 1st quarter quarter p

30,668r

29,155r

25,593r

29,545r

30,696r

28,562r

24,512r

29,024r

31,134

+1.4

47,074r

46,420r

40,120r

44,983r

43,792r

39,202r

38,187r

42,879r

44,126

+0.8

-19,301r

-20,614r

-18,312r

-17,903r

-17,971r

-18,289r

-16,968r

-17,476r

-16,713

-7.0

-665

-714

-684

-629

-636

-599

-618r

-630r

-621

-2.4

per cent change

2014

2015 per cent change 1

SUPPLY Indigenous production

114,962r

112,794r

Imports

178,596r

164,060r

Exports

-76,129r

-70,705r

-2,691

-2,484r

-1.9 -8.1 -7.1 -7.7

Stock change 2 Primary supply

+53 214,790r

-3,092r 200,574r

-6.6

+5,934 63,711r

-4,226 50,021r

-2,129 44,589r

+473 56,470r

+1,758r 57,639r

-3,024r 45,852r

-2,302r 42,809r

+477r 54,274r

+2,208 60,134

+4.3

Statistical difference 3 Primary demand Transfers 4

-230r 215,020r

-573r 201,147r

-6.5

-166r 63,877r

-106r 50,127r

47r 44,542r

-4r 56,474r

-5r 57,644r

-203r 46,055r

-312r 43,121r

-54r 54,327r

-11 60,145

+4.3

-6r

-3r

-2r

-4r

-7r

7r

-1r

-5r

6r

-2r

35

TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Petroleum refineries Coke manufacture Blast furnaces

-48,204r -44,071r -1,234r -67r -446 -2,381

-43,806r -39,420r -1,363r -349r -229 -2,379

-13,729r -12,725r -389r 48r -97 -563

-11,087r -10,112r -281r 6r -90 -609

-10,985r -9,967r -240r -33r -146 -602

-12,404r -11,266r -324r -89r -113 -607

-12,182r -10,988r -388r -86r -59 -644

-10,422r -9,354r -299r -128r -51 -573

-9,975r -8,850r -285r -137r -59 -626

-11,228r -10,227r -391r 3r -60 -537

-11,963 -10,932 -367 14 -47 -612

-1.8 -0.5 -5.3 (-) -21.5 -4.8

-3

-1

3

-5

-16

-17

-18

-15

-18

+13.0

3,257r

3,241r

3,037r

2,963r

2,996r

2,828r

2,700r

2,891r

3,129

+4.4

Marine bunkers

11

Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use Losses FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic Other Final Users Non energy use

-6

-67

12,499r

11,415r

-9.1 -10.6 +10.5 (+) -48.7 -0.1 (+) -8.7

3,179

3,165r

-0.4

918

784

654

823

903r

685r

688r

889r

1,023

+13.3

151,132r

142,757r

35,016r

29,873r

40,312r

41,523r

32,120r

29,777r

39,337r

44,026

+6.0

1,383r 22,343r 54,178r 38,031r 19,261r

336 6,447r 12,247r 18,637r 6,438r

333 5,545r 13,815r 8,478r 4,724r

330 5,130r 13,832r 4,568r 3,986r

347 5,941r 13,668r 12,879r 5,701r

360r 6,105r 12,692r 14,701r 5,805r

346r 5,262r 13,647r 6,589r 4,287r

353r 5,076r 14,176r 4,431r 3,911r

324r 5,901r 13,663r 12,310r 5,257r

369 6,149 12,918 16,285 6,276

+2.5 +0.7 +1.8 +10.8 +8.1

7,749r

7,561r

-5.5 +2.8 -3.1 +1.1 -14.7 -7.6 -2.4

45,932r

1,346 23,063r 53,562r 44,563r 20,849r

1,827r

2,120r

2,027r

1,775r

1,860r

1,989r

1,830r

1,882r

2,029

+9.1

DEPENDENCY5 Net import dependency

47.1%

46.0%

43.1%r

50.9%r

48.2%r

47.4%

44.3%r

45.0%r

48.9%r

46.3%r

45.1%

Fossil fuel dependency

85.9%r

84.5%r

87.8%r

86.0%r

83.5%

85.7%r

85.8%r

83.3%r

83.1%r

85.3%r

84.3%

Low carbon share

13.1%r

14.2%r

11.6%r

13.0%

15.1%r

13.5%r

13.1%r

15.3%

15.3%r

13.5%r

14.7%

1. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. 2. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-).

June 2015

3. Primary supply minus primary demand. 4. Annual transfers should ideally be zero. For manufactured fuels differences occur in the rescreening of coke to breeze. For oil and petroleum products differences arise due to small variations in the calorific values used. 5. See article in the December 2010 edition of Energy Trends at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130109092117/http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/statistics/publications/trends/trends.aspx

Table 1.3b Supply and use of fuels

Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

1,890 7,498 -77 -383

215 -16 -7

11,457 13,559 -8,660 -305

8,069 -5,508 -621 -63

9,883 13,441 -2,327 +2,966

2,713 877 -78 -

5,189 -

467 -47 -

-

Primary supply

10,227

146

17,368

219

21,744

2,737

Statistical difference2 Primary demand

+25 10,202

-2 148

+9 17,360

-25 244

-23 21,767

-21 2,759

4,776

421

-

8,928

192

16,052

1,876

23,964

3,512

5,189

420

-

4,776

+34 387

-

-15 8,943

-0 192

-60 16,111

-25 1,901

+97 23,867

3,512

5,189

-9 430

-

Transfers3 TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Petroleum refineries Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use Losses FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic Other final users Non energy use

-9,732 -8,328 -111 -939 -312 -41 0 -

0 348 -235 -13 880 -331 48 212 50

-423 -16,937 -16,937 -

+423 16,667 -142 -18 16,851 -23 1,049 -

-1 -4,811 -4,126 -685 1,134 168

-1,395 -1,371 -25 -

-1,186 -3,590 -3,590 -

+1,186 6,804 6,804 561 685

464 464 40 -

-8,446 -7,115 -94 -885 -321 -30 -

+6 299 -262 -13 839 -291 26 218 56

-116 -15,995 -15,995 -

+153 15,846 -134 -15 16,009 -14 1,026 -

-8 -5,048 -4,363 -685 1,276 175

-2,002 -1,978 -25 -

-1,241 -3,948 -3,948 -

+1,241 6,867 6,867 569 791

464 464 40 -

470 10 335 3 118 5 -

235 141 11 47 36

-

16,285 2 1,080 12,329 850 317 1,707

15,653 125 2,273 10,242 2,896 117

1,363 213 268 720 162 -

-

7,131 82 1,981 92 2,701 2,276 -

385 212 24 149 -

497 10 349 3 126 10 -

223 137 11 44 31

-

16,874 3 1,122 12,555 991 322 1,881

17,359 136 2,328 11,522 3,256 117

1,510 218 268 822 201 -

-

7,178 83 1,909 92 2,756 2,338 -

385 212 24 149 -

1. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 2. Primary supply minus primary demand. 3. Annual transfers should ideally be zero. For manufactured fuels differences occur in the rescreening of coke to breeze. For oil and petroleum products differences arise due to small variations in the calorific values used. 4. Includes all manufactured solid fuels, benzole, tars, coke oven gas and blast furnace gas. 5. Inludes colliery methane. 6. Includes geothermal, solar heat and biofuels for transport; wind and wave electricity included in primary electricity figures.

Heat sold

Primary electricity

-

Electricity

Bioenergy & 6 waste

490 -69 -

5

4,776 -

Petroleum Products

Natural gas

2,134 681 -78 -

Petroleum Products

9,934 12,314 -1,966 +1,461

Primary oil

7,601 -6,963 -636 +217

Manufactured 4 fuels

12,099 14,353 -8,770 -314

Primary oil

Coal

12

Heat sold

145 -29 +30

Electricity

Primary electricity

1,752 8,208 -97 +364

SUPPLY Indigenous production Imports Exports Marine bunkers Stock change1

5

Bioenergy & 6 waste

2015 Quarter 1 p

Natural gas

Manufactured 4 fuels

2014 Quarter 1

Coal

June 2015

1 TOTAL ENERGY

Solid Fuels and Derived Gases

Section 2 - Solid Fuels and Derived Gases Key results show: Overall coal production in the first quarter of 2015 was up 7.9 per cent (+0.2 million tonnes) compared with quarter 1 2014, with deep-mined output up 5.2 per cent (+0.1 million tonnes) and surface mining output up by 9.2 per cent (+0.2 million tonnes). (Chart 2.1) Coal imports were down 9.1 per cent (-1.1 million tonnes) on levels shown in quarter 1 2014, as demand fell, especially for use by electricity generators.(Charts 2.1 and 2.2) The demand for coal by electricity generators in the first quarter of 2015, was 15 per cent (-1.9 million tonnes) lower than demand in the first quarter of 2014 as more gas, nuclear and renewables were used for electricity generation. (Chart 2.3) Total stock levels were up 40 per cent (+5.5 million tonnes) to 19.3 million tonnes compared to quarter 1 2014 and were up by 1.3 million tonnes on quarter 4 2014. (Chart 2.4)

Chart 2.1 Coal supply 18

Deep-mined

Surface mining

Coal production in the first quarter of 2015 at 3.0 million tonnes was 7.9 per cent higher than the first quarter of 2014.

Imports

16

Imports of coal in the first quarter of 2015 were 9.1 per cent lower than in the first quarter of 2014 at 11.5 million tonnes. The decrease reflects the fact that consumption by electricity generators was down. The decline was due to a number of reasons: the closure of Uskmouth and the partial closure of Ferrybridge C during 2014, a second unit of Drax being converted to biomass and changes in the relative prices of coal and gas.

14

Million Tonnes

12

10

8

6

4

2

0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Table 2A Coal imports by origin Thousand Tonnes

European Union Russia Colombia USA Australia Other Countries

1,228 20,250 11,494 12,196 2,147 2,087

764 17,262 9,278 10,706 1,249 1,388

2014 Q1 203 6,165 2,600 3,251 132 301

Total imports

49,402

40,645

12,653

2013

2014p

2015 Q1 p 142 5,302 2,632 2,663 291 477 11,507

13

Total coal imports in the first quarter of 2015 decreased by 9.1 per cent to 11.5 million tonnes, with 46 per cent of total coal imports coming from Russia. Steam coal imports in the first quarter of 2015 fell by 11.4 per cent to 9.9 million tonnes and accounted for 86 per cent of total coal imports. Coking coal imports in the first quarter of 2015 rose by 9.7 per cent to 1.6 million tonnes and accounted for 14 per cent of total coal imports.

June 2015

Solid Fuels and Derived Gases Chart 2.2 Steam coal imports by origin Q1 2015

EU 1%

Other  countries 3%

USA 20%

All but four per cent of UK steam coal imports came from just three countries: Russia (49 per cent), Colombia (27 per cent) and the USA (20 per cent).

Russia 49%

Large falls for steam coal imports were recorded from Russia (15.3 per cent), and the USA (20 per cent).

Colombia 27%

Chart 2.3 Coal consumption Total demand for coal in the first quarter of 2015, at 13.8 million tonnes, was 13 per cent lower than in the first quarter of 2014. Consumption by electricity generators was down by 15 per cent to 11.3 million tonnes.

18 16 14

Million Tonnes

12

Electricity generators accounted for 82 per cent of total coal use in the first quarter of 2015; compared with 84 per cent a year earlier.

10 8 6

Sales to industrial users rose by 3.9 per cent in the first quarter of 2015 and sales to other final consumers including domestic increased by 11 per cent to 0.2 million tonnes during the first quarter of 2015, reflecting colder temperatures.

4 2 0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Electricity Generators Generators Trend (= average of 4 quarters ending) Colleries, coke ovens and other conversion industries Final Consumers

June 2015

14

Solid Fuels and Derived Gases Chart 2.4 Coal stocks

Coal stocks showed a seasonal rise of 1.3 million tonnes during the first quarter of 2015 and stood at 19.3 million tonnes, 5.5 million tonnes higher than at the end of March 2014. This was the highest value since quarter 3 2010.

22 20 18

Million Tonnes

16 14

The level of coal stocks at power stations at the end of the first quarter of 2015 was 16.6 million tonnes, 4.6 million tonnes higher than at the end of March 2014, reflecting lower use for generation from coal.

12 10 8 6

Stocks held by coke ovens were 0.8 million tonnes at the quarter 1 2015, this was 0.5 million tonnes higher than stock levels at the end of March 2014.

4 2 0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Electricity Generators

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Other Distributed

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Stocks held by producers (undistributed stocks) at the end of the first quarter of 2015 were 1.1 million tonnes, 0.5 million tonnes higher than at the end of March 2014.

Undistributed

Relevant tables 2.1: Supply and consumption of coal………………………………………………………...........Page 16 2.2: Supply and consumption of coke oven coke, coke breeze and other manufactured solid fuels…………………………………………………………...Page 17 2.3: Supply and consumption of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, benzole and tars……….Page 18 Contact for further information: Chris Michaels Coal statistics Tel: 0300 068 5050 E-mail: [email protected]

15

June 2015

June 2015

2 SOLID FUEL AND DERIVED GASES Table 2.1 Supply and consumption of coal Thousand tonnes

SUPPLY Indigenous production Deep mined Surface mining2 Other sources Imports3 Exports

4

Stock change 5 Total supply Statistical difference Total demand TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation

16

Heat generation 6 Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Domestic Other final users Stocks at end of period Distributed stocks Of which: Major power producers 7 Coke ovens Undistributed stocks Total stocks 8

2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

2014

2015

4th 1st quarter quarter p

per cent change 1

2013

2014 p

per cent change

12,847 4,089

11,535 3,685

-10.2 -9.9

3,754 1,350

3,465 1,124

2,898 785

2,731 829

2,818 932

2,975 936

2,991 916

2,750 901

3,040 980

+7.9 +5.2

8,584 175

7,849 -

-8.6 -100.0

2,404 -

2,268 73

2,011 102

1,902 -

1,887 -

2,038 -

2,075 -

1,849 -

2,060 -

+9.2

49,402

40,645

-17.7

12,035

12,843

12,540

11,983

12,653

10,631

8,026

9,334

11,507

-9.1

593

425

-28.4

186

127

95

185

129

79

112

105

102

-20.5

-1,298 60,358 -46 60,405 57,561 50,042

-3,663 48,092 -52 48,143 45,617 38,398

(+) -20.3 +11.0 -20.3 -20.7 -23.3

+2,686 18,289 -7 18,297 17,544 15,777

-2,683 13,498 -17 13,515 12,819 10,984

-2,383 12,960 -7 12,966 12,318 10,348

+1,082 15,611 -15 15,627 14,880 12,933

+529 15,873 +53 15,820 15,140 13,257

-2,644 10,883 -28 10,911 10,275 8,431

-2,272 8,633 -28 8,661 8,079 6,232

+724 12,703 -49 12,751 12,123 10,478

-593 13,852 +33 13,819 13,101 11,320

(-) -12.7 -37.9 -12.6 -13.5 -14.6

609 5,288 1,411 212 3 2,841 53 2,094 646

609 4,839 1,513 258 1 2,525 55 1,798 590

-8.5 +7.3 +22.0 -78.0 -11.1 +3.7 -14.2 -8.6

179 1,242 294 52 1 751 13 547 179

143 1,310 325 57 0 695 13 514 160

129 1,404 393 43 0 648 13 485 139

157 1,331 399 60 0 747 13 549 168

179 1,235 411 57 0 680 14 501 155

143 1,252 377 72 0 635 14 460 149

129 1,230 416 72 582 14 414 139

157 1,122 309 57 628 14 423 148

151 1,165 423 42 718 14 521 165

-15.7 -5.7 +2.9 -25.7 -100.0 +5.6 +0.2 +4.0 +7.0

48

82

+72.3

12

9

11

16

11

13

15

43

18

+68.7

13,591

17,114

+25.9

9,385

12,104

14,548

13,591

13,101

15,726r

17,873

17,114r

18,147

+38.5

11,871 518

15,183 795

+27.9 +53.3

8,151 558

10,093 1,170

12,336 952

11,871 518

11,999 323

14,701r 473

14,609 739

15,183r 795r

16,573 836

+38.1 (+)

696

865

+24.3

933

897

836

696

686

705

838

865r

1,145

+66.9

14,287

17,979

+25.8

10,317

13,000

15,383

14,287

13,787

16,431r

18,711

17,979r

19,292

+39.9

1. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. 2. The term 'surface mining' has now replaced opencast production. Opencast production is a surface mining technique. 3. For a detailed breakdown of UK Imports by country and grade of coal refer to Table 2.4 Coal imports (internet table only). 4. Trade is counted as an export under three conditions, when it is recorded as an import and is subsequently exported; it enters the UK port with the intention of being imported but due to a change of ownership at the port it is exported without having cleared the port; and when items leave the warehouse and are exported. Trade is not classified as exports when it is resting at a UK port and the UK is not the intended final destination. 5. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 6. Heat generation is based on an annual figure and is then split over a quarterly period. The 2014 heat generation will not be published until the end of July 2015. Therefore, the 2013 figure is used as an estimate for 2014. 7. This includes stocks held at ports. 8. For some quarters, closing stocks may not be consistent with stock changes, due to additional stock adjustments

2 SOLID FUEL AND DERIVED GASES Table 2.2 Supply and consumption of coke oven coke, coke breeze and other manufactured solid fuels Thousand tonnes

SUPPLY Indigenous production Coke Oven Coke Coke Breeze Other MSF Imports

Exports Stock change 1

17

Transfers Total supply Statistical difference

per cent change

2013 1st quarter

2013 2nd quarter

2013 3rd quarter

2013 4th quarter

1,052 958

1,053 969

1,047 949

2014 1st quarter

2014 2nd quarter

2014 3rd quarter

2013

2014 p

4,136 3,769

3,906 3,601

-5.6 -4.4

984 894

-2.6 -18.4 +12.7 -4.3

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

83 105 36

87 327 35

76 235 20

90 167 26

67 204 40

77 202 30

70 283 29

+72.5

+91 -

-98 0

-111 0

-5 -0

+42 -1

-92 -13

-75 9

994 919

1,025 940

990 912

2014 2015 4th 1st quarter quarter p 897 830

per cent change 3

895 854

-10.0 -7.1

7

5

60 251 13

36 302 23

-42.1 -45.9 +48.3 -44.1

-87 -

-10 -2

(-) (+) -3.1

32

31

336 834 117

274 940 112

-123 0

-212 -5

4,730

4,518

-4.5

1,144

1,246

1,157

1,183

1,199

1,093

1,177

1,049

1,162

-2

-1

-67.2

-1r

-

-0

-1

-0

-

-0

-0

-0

Total demand

4,732

4,519

-4.5

1,145

1,246

1,157

1,184

1,200

1,093

1,177

1,049

1,162

-3.1

TRANSFORMATION Coke manufacture Blast furnaces

3,713 3,713

3,585 3,585

-3.4

987 987

913 913

911 911

958 958

856 856

929 929

842 842

925 925

-3.4

-3.4

902 902

Energy industry use FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Domestic Stocks at end of period2

-3.4

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1,019 626 83 310

934 634 45 256

-8.4 +1.2 -46.4 -17.5

243 141 14 88

259 156 25 78

244 159 22 63

273 169 23 81

242 165 11 66

237 161 10 66

248 174 10 64

207 134 14 59

237 165 10 62

-2.0 -7.1 -6.3

714

712

-0.3

500

689

599

714

465

525

624

712

626

+34.6

June 2015

1. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 2. For some quarters, closing stocks may not be consistent with stock changes, due to additional stock adjustments 3. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.

June 2015

2 SOLID FUEL AND DERIVED GASES Table 2.3 Supply and consumption of coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, benzole and tars GWh

2013

2014 p

per cent change

2013 1st quarter

2013 2nd quarter

2013 3rd quarter

2013 4th quarter

2014 1st quarter

2014 2nd quarter

2014 3rd quarter

2014 2015 4th 1st quarter quarter p

per cent 1 change

SUPPLY Indigenous production Coke oven gas Blast furnace gas Benzole & tars Transfers

18

Total supply Statistical difference Total demand

25,625

25,441

-0.7

5,915

6,502

6,660

6,548

6,628

6,393

6,673

5,748

6,923

+4.5

8,479

8,473

-0.1

2,004

2,140

2,216

2,119

2,132

2,211

2,199

1,931

2,283

+7.1

15,515

15,386

-0.8

3,516

3,959

4,027

4,013

4,075

3,762

4,094

3,455

4,276

+4.9

1,630

1,582

-3.0

395

403

417

416

421

420

380

361

364

-13.5

56

140

(+)

28

11

13

4

9

25

40

66

90

(+)

25,680

25,581

-0.4

5,943

6,513

6,673

6,552

6,637

6,418

6,713

5,813

7,013

+5.7

-29

-55

+88.3

+20

-21

-16

-13

-18

-21

-10

-5

-2

25,710

25,636

-0.3

5,923

6,534

6,688

6,565

6,656

6,440

6,723

5,818

7,016

+5.4

TRANSFORMATION

11,522

10,983

-4.7

2,778

3,009

2,887

2,849

2,885

2,816

2,708

2,575

3,195

+10.7

Electricity generation

10,925

10,386

-4.9

2,629

2,860

2,737

2,699

2,735

2,666

2,558

2,426

3,045

+11.3

598

598

-

149

149

149

149

149

149

149

149

149

-

Heat generation

2

Energy industry use

9,041

9,331

+3.2

2,070

2,289

2,358

2,323

2,463

2,333

2,381

2,154

2,532

+2.8

Losses

2,500

2,517

+0.7

445

604

755

697

579

561

926

452

653

+12.8

FINAL CONSUMPTION

2,646

2,804

+6.0

629

632

689

695

729

729

709

637

636

-12.7

842

1,058

+25.7

181

196

231

235

277

265

285

232

228

-17.5

174

165

-5.3

53

33

42

45

32

45

44

44

44

+39.1

1,630

1,582

-3.0

395

403

417

416

421

420

380

361

364

-13.5

Iron & steel Other industries Non-Energy Use

3

1. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. 2. For Heat generation, the 2014 figures currently shown are the 2013 figures carried forward - these will be updated in July 2015. 3. From 2009, unclassified final consumption for benzole and tars has been recorded under non energy use

Oil and Oil Products

Section 3 - Oil and Oil Products Key results show: Total indigenous UK production of crude oil and Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) in Q1 2015 was 5.2 per cent lower than a year ago but production had been relatively high in Q1 of 2014. Production has been in general decline since the 1990s. (Chart 3.1) Indigenous production of petroleum products was 4.8 per cent lower in the first quarter of 2015 compared with the same quarter in 2014. This was partly driven by the closure of Milford Haven in 2014 but is part of an ongoing decline in UK refinery production (Chart 3.2) Imports of petroleum products increased by 5.8 per cent compared with Q1 2014 and exports of petroleum products decreased by 21.1 per cent. As a result, the UK was a net importer of petroleum products in Q1 2015, for the seventh consecutive quarter, by 2.3 million tonnes. This follows a long period where the UK was generally a net exporter of petroleum products. (Chart 3.2) Net imports of primary oils (crude oil, NGLs and feedstocks) in Q1 2015 decreased to 5.1 million tonnes (down 12.5 per cent) due to lower refinery demand. This met around 30 per cent of the UK's refinery demand. (Chart 3.3) In Q1 2015 total deliveries of key transport fuels increased by 1.9 per cent compared with Q1 2014. Motor Spirit deliveries were down by 2.7 per cent, DERV (diesel) deliveries were up by 4.4 per cent, while deliveries of Aviation Turbine Fuel increased by 2.3 per cent. (Chart 3.5) Overall stocks of crude oil and petroleum products were up by 3.0 per cent at end of the Q1 2015 compared to a year earlier (0.4 million tonnes). (Chart 3.7)

Chart 3.1 Production and trade of crude oil and NGLs

Indigenous crude oil production was lower by 4.6 per cent in Q1 2015 compared with the same quarter a year ago. However, this rate of decline is slower than that seen recently, on average crude production has been falling by around 8 per cent in the last 10 years.

20 Production

Exports

Production of Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) decreased by 14.6 per cent on the same quarter of last year. Production had been especially high in Q1 2014.

Imports

18

Million Tonnes

16

Taken together, indigenous production of crude and NGLs was 5.2 per cent lower. Production has now fallen by 39 per cent since Q1 2010.

14

12

10

8

6 40 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Despite the fall in production, imports of crude oil and NGL's were 2.6 per cent lower compared with the same period a year ago, reflecting lower demand from the UK’s refinery industry. Exports of crude oil and NGL's decreased by 3.4 per cent in the latest three months. However, exports of feedstocks increased considerably, refineries may be processing more crude rather due to the recent low prices rather than other types of feedstock. Overall, net imports of primary oils (crude, NGL's and feedstocks) were 4.5 million tonnes in Q1 2014 compared with 5.1 million tonnes in the same quarter of 2014.

19

June 2015

Oil and Oil Products Chart 3.2 Production and trade of petroleum products

Indigenous production of petroleum products in Q1 2014 was lower by 4.8 per cent lower compared with the same quarter in 2014 and is now at its lowest level since our quarterly records began in 1999. Output has been hit by the suspension of refining at Milford Haven as well as an ongoing decline in UK refinery production. Net imports continue to meet the shortfall in production.

22

20

18

Million Tonnes

16

Imports of petroleum products increased by 5.8 per cent in Q1 2015 compared with the same quarter in 2014. Exports decreased by more than a fifth with diesel exports decreasing by nearly a half.

14

12

Production

Exports

Imports

In overall terms, the UK was a net importer (2.3 million tonnes) of petroleum products in Q1 2015, the seventh consecutive quarter where imports have outweighed exports.

10

8

6

4

2 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Chart 3.3 Overall trade of crude oil and NGLs, and petroleum products

In Q1 2015, net imports of primary oils (crude, NGL's and feedstocks) decreased to 4.5 million tonnes compared with 5.1 million tonnes in Q1 2014, a decrease of 12.5 per cent. There has been a fall in indigenous production of primary oils but net imports have decreased as a result of lower refinery demand.

4 Net exports 2

The UK’s overall net import dependence for primary oils (crude, NGL’s and feedstocks) was about 30 per cent in Q1 2015, down from nearly 33 per cent in Q1 2014.

Million Tonnes

0

-2

In Q1 2015 the UK was a net importer of petroleum products, by 2.3 million tonnes, up from 0.6 million tonnes in the first quarter of 2014. There have now been 7 consecutive quarters where the UK has imported more petroleum products than it exported. This follows decades where the UK has been a net exporter of petroleum. In 2014 as a whole, the UK was a net importer by 6.3 million tonnes, the highest such figure since 1984 when industrial action in the coal industry increased demand for oil products.

Net imports

-4

-6

-8

-10 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Crude & NGLs (inc feedstocks)

June 2015

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Petroleum Products

20

Oil and Oil Products Chart 3.4 Final consumption of oil

In Q1 2015, final consumption of petroleum products was higher by 3.4 per cent compared with Q1 2014. Within this:

14

Transport, which accounts for about three-quarters of UK final consumption, was higher by 1.9 per cent. (See chart 3.5 for more detail).

12

Million Tonnes

10

Final consumption within the Industry and other final users sector in Q1 2014 also increased slightly.

Transport 8 Industry and other final users

The largest increase came in domestic consumption which was up by 16 per cent on the first quarter of 2015. Domestic use of oil is mainly for heating and average temperatures were around 1.3 degrees colder in Q1 2015 than Q1 2014.

Domestic 6

Non energy use

4

Demand for oil for non-energy use was down by around 9 per cent in the latest quarter.

2

0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

In Q1 2015, total deliveries of the three key transport fuels were higher by 1.9 per cent. Within this:

Chart 3.5 Demand for key transport fuels

Motor spirit (petrol) deliveries were down by 2.7 per cent on the first quarter of 2014 while DERV (road diesel) demand increased by 4.4 per cent. These are both a continuation of a long term trend as more motorists switch from motor spirit to diesel.

Deliveries into consumption ( million tonnes)

7

6

These figures and chart 3.5 do not include the blended bio fuel element. Biofuels represented 3.0 per cent of total road fuels.

5

4

Demand for aviation fuels was lower than in the previous two quarters in line with seasonal patterns. There are more air passengers in the summer months. However, demand was up on the same quarter of 2014 by 2.3 per cent.

3

2

Motor Spirit DERV

1 Aviation Turbine Fuel 0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

21

June 2015

Oil and Oil Products Chart 3.6 Supermarket share of road fuel sales

In Q1 2015, supermarkets increase their market share of road fuel sales. The overall volume of motor spirit (petrol) sales, including the bio-fuel element, decreased by 2.7 per cent, supermarkets sold nearly 47 per cent of that volume, up from 44 the same period last year.

Percentage of fuels sold by supermarkets

50%

45%

Sales of diesel (again including the bio-fuel element) increased by 4.4 per cent, of which the supermarket share increased to 43 per cent from 42 per cent in Q1 2014.

40%

35%

Motor Spirit

30%

DERV Total supermarket sales 25% 0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

On an overall basis, supermarket outlets accounted for nearly 45 per cent of total retail sales, up from 43 per cent in the same quarter of 2014. At least some of that increase will be due to timing differences in our survey data which is likely to distort the share figure slightly upward.

Chart 3.7 UK oil stocks 16

At the end of Q1 2015 total stocks of crude and products were on the same point of 2014 by 3.0 per cent. Stocks of crude and feedstocks were almost unchanged but stocks of products increased by 6.2 per cent.

14

Million Tonnes

12

10

There was a large increase in petroleum product stocks held abroad for the UK (under bilateral agreements), being up by more than 20 per cent on the previous year.

8

6

4

Chart 3.7 shows crude and product stocks held for the UK. At the end of Q1 2015, UK companies held stocks equal to around 79 days of consumption.

2

0 Q1 Q2 2012

Q3

Q4

Q1 Q2 2013

Crude Stocks

June 2015

Q3

Q4

Q1 Q2 2014

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Product Stocks

22

Oil and Oil Products Chart 3.8 Drilling activity on the UKCS 50

Exploration & Appraisal (Offshore) Development (Offshore)

45

There were 10 exploration and appraisal wells started offshore in the first quarter of 2015, compared to 5 in the corresponding quarter of 2014.

Exploration & Appraisal (Onshore) Development (Onshore)

40

Number of wells

35

There were 26 development wells drilled offshore in the first quarter of 2015, compared to 30 in the corresponding quarter of 2014.

30 25

There was 1 exploration and appraisal well started onshore in the first quarter of 2015, compared to 3 in the corresponding quarter of 2014.

20 15 10

There were 3 development wells drilled onshore in the first quarter of 2015, compared to 2 in the corresponding quarter of 2014.

5 0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Relevant tables 3.1: Supply and use of crude oil, natural gas liquids and feedstocks…………………………. Page 24 3.2: Supply and use of petroleum products……………………………………………………… Page 25 3.3: Supply and use of petroleum products - annual data……………………………………… Page 26 3.4: Supply and use of petroleum products - latest quarter……………………………………. Page 27 3.5: Demand for key petroleum products………………………………………………………… Page 28 3.6: Stocks of petroleum at end of period………………………………………………………… Page 29 3.7: Drilling activity on the UK Continental Shelf………………………………………………… Page 30 Contacts for further information: Shyam Lakhani Upstream Oil (primary oils) Oil and Gas Statistics Team Tel. 0300 068 6865 E-mail: [email protected]

William Spry Downstream Oil (petroleum products) Oil and Gas Statistics Team Tel. 0300 068 6988 E-mail: [email protected]

23

June 2015

June 2015

3 OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS Table 3.1 Supply and use of crude oil, natural gas liquids and feedstocks1

2013

2014 p

per cent change

Thousand tonnes

2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

2014

2015

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter p

per cent change 8

SUPPLY

40,646

39,928r

10,397

9,108

10,541

11,052

10,278

8,195r

10,402r

10,472

37,474r

-1.8 -2.6

10,600

38,456

10,006

9,729

8,647

10,074

10,369

9,634

7,692r

9,779r

9,889

-5.2 -4.6

NGLs 3

2,190

2,453

+12.0

594

668

461

466

683

644

503

623

583

-14.6

4

59,137

53,798r

16,344

15,195

13,056

13,118r

12,521r

13,984r

14,174r

12,385

48,890r 4,907

-9.0 -6.8 -26.4

14,541

52,470 6,667

12,880 1,660

14,773 1,571

13,533 1,662

11,284 1,773

11,619r 1,499

11,340r 1,182

12,831r 1,153

13,101r 1,074

11,316 1,069

-5.6 -2.6 -28.7

33,105r

30,946r

8,649r

7,452r

8,318r

8,017r

7,474r

6,924r

8,532r

7,920

Feedstocks

29,887r 1,060r

-6.5 -5.6 -26.2

8,686r

31,670r 1,436r

8,290r 396r

8,287r 362r

7,028r 424r

8,065r 253r

7,796r 221r

7,192r 282r

6,651r 273r

8,248r 284r

7,535 385

Stock change 5

+724

-592r

+555

-222

+615

-224

-288r

+63r

+199r

-566r

-282

-1,758r

-1,361r

-521r

-598r

-507r

-132r

-338r

-296r

-288r

-438r

-56

65,644r

60,826r

16,490r

17,271r

16,960r 14,922r

-44

+3r

-93r

-21

65,687r 65,687r 65,687r

60,823r 60,823r 60,823r

16,583r 16,583r 16,583r

17,293r 17,293r 17,293r

Indigenous production 2 Crude oil

Imports

Crude oil & NGLs Feedstocks Exports4 Crude Oil & NGLs

24

Transfers 6 Total supply Statistical difference

7

Total demand TRANSFORMATION Petroleum refineries

-7.3 -7.4 -7.4 -7.4

15,527r

15,093r

15,165r

15,041r

14,599

+20r

+21r

-2r

-24r

+8r

-48

16,909r 14,903r 16,909r 14,903r 16,909r 14,903r

15,505r 15,505r 15,505r

15,095r 15,095r 15,095r

15,189r 15,189r 15,189r

15,033r 15,033r 15,033r

14,647 14,647 14,647

+51

1. As there is no use made of primary oils and feedstocks by industries other than the oil and gas extraction and petroleum refining industries, other industry headings have not been included in this table. As such, this table is a summary of the activity of what is known as the Upstream oil industry. 2. Includes offshore and onshore production. 3. Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) are condensate and petroleum gases derived at onshore treatment plants. 4. Foreign trade as recorded by the Petroleum Industry which may differ from the figures published by HM Revenue and Customs in the Overseas Trade Statistics. Data are subject to further revision as revised information on imports and exports becomes available. 5. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). Stocks include stocks held at refineries, at oil terminals and also those held in tanks and partially loaded vessels at offshore facilities. 6. Mostly direct disposals to petrochemical plants. 7. Total supply minus total demand. 8. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.

-1.2 -3.4 +74.6

-6.0 -5.5 -5.5 -5.5

3 OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS Table 3.2 Supply and use of petroleum products

2013

2014 p

Other final users

67,596r 28,769r 26,910r 2,540 +106 -463 66,559r -69r 66,628r 722r 546r 65 111 4,378r 3,759r 619 61,528r 4 4,013r 47,222r 2,580r 1,365r

62,477r 29,055r 22,748r 2,340 +292 -817 65,920r -180r 66,100r 630r 471r 68r 91 3,892r 3,245r 647r 61,578r 7r 4,026r 47,648r 2,299r 1,379r

Non energy use

6,344r

6,220r

SUPPLY 2 Indigenous production Imports 3 Exports3 Marine bunkers Stock change 4 Transfers 5 Total supply Statistical difference 6 Total demand TRANSFORMATION

25

Electricity generation Heat generation Other Transformation Energy industry use Petrolem Refineries Blast Furnaces Others FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic

per cent change -7.6 +1.0 -15.5 -7.9

-1.0 -0.8 -12.7 -13.8 +5.6 -17.8 -11.1 -13.7 +4.4 +0.1 +80.3 +0.3 +0.9 -10.9 +1.0 -2.0

2014

Thousand tonnes 2015

2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th 1st quarter quarter p

17,094r 6,379r 7,010r 626 +30 -13 15,855 -36 15,890 200r 155r 16 29 1,085r 930r 155 14,605r 1 986r 10,823r 978r 333r

17,852r 6,975r 7,025r 677 +53 -29 17,150 +9 17,141 155r 113r 16 26 1,153r 998r 155 15,832r 2 1,006r 12,191r 532r 354r

17,370r 6,758r 6,718r 645 +63 -49 16,778 -14 16,791 187r 148r 16 24 1,153r 999r 155 15,451r 1 963r 12,173r 301r 342r

15,280r 8,657r 6,157r 591 -41 -371 16,776 -29 16,806 179r 131r 16 32 987r 832r 155 15,640r 1 1,057r 12,035r 770r 337r

15,943r 6,954r 6,353r 600 +204 -238 15,910r -22r 15,932r 173r 129r 17r 27 996r 834r 162r 14,763r 1 1,011r 11,177r 764r 291r

15,507r 7,353r 5,796r 563 +227 -272 16,456r -10r 16,467r 153r 113r 17r 24 958r 796r 162r 15,355r 2 984r 11,988r 403r 333r

15,472r 7,581r 5,212r 582 -324 -181 16,754r -105r 16,859r 147r 110r 17r 20 978r 816r 162r 15,734r 2 966r 12,454r 411r 393r

15,556r 7,167r 5,387r 595 +184 -125 16,800r -43r 16,843r 157r 120r 17r 20 960r 798r 162r 15,726r 2 1,065r 12,030r 721r 363r

15,174 7,359 5,014 579 -63 -515 16,362 -24 16,386 154 121 17 16 967 805 162 15,265 3 1,030 11,385 890 295

1,484r

1,748r

1,671r

1,441r

1,518r

1,647r

1,508r

1,546r

1,662

June 2015

1. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. 2. Includes refinery production and petroleum gases extracted as products during the production of oil and gas. 3. Foreign trade as recorded by the Petroleum Industry which may differ from the figures published by HM Revenue and Customs in the Overseas Trade Statistics. Data are subject for further revision as revised information on imports and exports becomes available. 4. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 5. Mainly transfers from product to feedstock. 6. Total supply minus total demand.

per cent change 1 -4.8 +5.8 -21.1 -3.5

+2.8 +2.9 -11.0 -6.2 -39.7 -2.9 -3.4 +3.4 +86.4 +1.9 +1.9 +16.4 +1.5 +9.5

Table 3.3 Supply and use of petroleum products - annual data Thousand tonnes

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

15,709r 3,482r 8,683r +113 +1,610r 12,232r -94r 12,326 12,326 12,326 -

Includes: Middle distillate feedstock destined for use in the petrochemical industry and marine diesel o Includes ethane, propane, butane and other petroleum gases. Includes naphtha, industrial and white spirits, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum waxes, petroleum coke and other oil products. Includes refinery production and petroleum gases extracted as products during the production of oil and gas. Foreign trade as recorded by the Petroleum Industry which may differ from the figures published by HM Revenue and Customs in the Overseas Trade Statistics Data are subject to further revision as revised information on imports and exports becomes available. 6. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 7. Mainly transfers from product to feedstock. 8. Total supply minus total demand. 9. See page 15 of the March 2011 edition of Energy Trends for a note concerning changes to this table.

5,409r 1,004r 4,148r 1,059 +107 -616 696r -32r 728r 200r 147r 52r 174r 355r 4 167r 87 96r -

6,153r 422r 898 -30 +23 5,669r -15r 5,684r 225r 214r 11r 1,907r 3,552r 3r 352r 88 231 85 2,793r

2,093 619r 164 -15 +621 3,154r -26r 3,179r 3,179r 1,270r 1,909r -

products3

Other

4,635 8,157r 1,072 +123 -642 11,201r -19r 11,220r 11,220r 11,220r -

Burning oil

8,049 1,423r 3,463 1,280 +24 +489r 5,241r -0r 5,241r 114r 109r 5 647r 4,480r 1,873r 1,234r 159r 1,198r 17r

gases2

13,726 11,460r 1,942r -61 -509r 22,674r -1r 22,675 22,675 22,675 -

Petroleum

Aviation turbine fuel

62,477r 29,055r 22,748r 2,340 +292 -817 65,920r -180r 66,100r 630r 471r 68 91 3,892r 61,578r 7r 4,026r 47,648r 2,299r 1,379r 6,220r

Motor spirit

6,445r 3,057 2,755 188 -1,617r 5,318r -51r 5,369r 162 51 111 1,303 3,903r 16 3,442r

Other

Burning oil

2,705 678r 381 +52 +447r 3,501r -6r 3,507r 3,507r 1,383r 2,125r -

Gas oil1

6,630r 431r 1,165 0 +11 +23 5,930r +3r 5,926r 229r 222r 7 2,112r 3,585r 1 203r 94 300 102 2,885r

DERV 9

6,574r 620r 4,677r 1,292 +93 -401 916r +5r 911r 237r 185r 53 344r 330 3 147 89 90 -

gases2

4,527 8,219r 970 -20 -519 11,238r -4r 11,242r 11,242r 11,242r -

Petroleum

8,193 1,208r 3,310 1,248 +91 +250r 5,185r +11r 5,174r 93 88 5 619 4,461r 1,833r 1,282r 156r 1,173r 17r

Fuel oils

DERV 9

14,831 10,115r 2,843 +46 -253 21,896r -30 21,926 21,926 21,926 -

Total Petroleum Products

17,691r 4,442r 10,809r -356 +1,606r 12,575 +1 12,574 12,574 12,574 -

2014 p products3

67,596r 28,769r 26,910r 2,540 +106 -463 66,559r -69r 66,628r 722r 546r 65 111 4,378 61,528r 4 4,013r 47,222r 2,580r 1,365r 6,344r

Aviation turbine fuel

26

Imports5 Exports5 Marine bunkers Stock change 6 Transfers7 Total supply Statistical difference8 Total demand TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Petroleum refineries Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic Other final users Non energy use

Gas oil1

SUPPLY Indigenous production 4

Motor spirit

Total Petroleum Products

2013

Fuel oils

June 2015

3 OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS

6,702r 2,489r 2,378 31 -1,793r 5,052r +5r 5,046r 91 0 91 1,164r 3,791r 18 3,410r

3 OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS Table 3.4 Supply and use of petroleum products - latest quarter Thousand tonnes

June 2015

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

756 179r 94 +7 +194 1,043r -16 1,059r 1,059r 422r 637r -

1,699r 612r 637 +44 -490r 1,228r +12r 1,216r 27 0 27 311r 878r 107r 7 765r

15,174 7,359 5,014 579 -63 -515 16,362 -24 16,386 154 121 17 16 967 15,265 3 1,030 11,385 890 295 1,662

Includes middle distillate feedstock destined for use in the petrochemical industry and marine diesel Includes ethane, propane, butane and other petroleum gases. Includes naphtha, industrial and white spirits, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum waxes, petroleum coke and other oil products. Includes refinery production and petroleum gases extracted as products during the production of oil and gas. Foreign trade as recorded by the Petroleum Industry which may differ from the figures published by HM Revenue and Customs in the Overseas Trade Statistics. Data are subject to further revision as revised information on imports and exports becomes available. 6. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 7. Mainly transfers from product to feedstock. 8. Total supply minus total demand.

1,136 1,985 284 -79 -198 2,561 +0 2,560 2,560 2,560 -

1,301 269 669 138 -97 -478 188 +1 188 52 39 13 62 73 2 46 24 1 -

1,590 120 141 +32 1,602 +1 1,601 56 54 3 468 1,077 46 22 124 27 857

675 354 24 +12 +198 1,214 +8 1,206 1,206 476 730 -

Other products3

Burning oil

1,779 455 610 441 -22 +62 1,223 +2 1,221 29 28 1 162 1,030 414 310 36 268 4

Petroleum gases2

3,032 2,816 318 +157 -105 5,582 +6 5,575 5,575 5,575 -

Fuel oils

4,076 939 2,408 -100 +381 2,888 -4 2,892 2,892 2,892 -

Aviation turbine fuel

Total Petroleum Products

Other products3

Burning oil

Petroleum gases2 1,555r 149r 232 -55 +6 1,422r -22r 1,444 56r 54r 3r 462r 926r 32r 22 94 27 750r

Gas oil1

1,334r 291 1,013r 294 +31 -142 206 -5 212 59r 46r 13r 61r 91 1 53 25 12 -

DERV9

967 1,871r 240 +107 -201 2,504r +0 2,504r 2,504r 2,504r -

Fuel oils

1,930 261 880 306 +57 121r 1,183r 0r 1,183r 31r 29r 1r 162r 990r 396r 305r 33r 252r 4r

Aviation turbine fuel

3,407 2,673r 610 -5 -125r 5,339r -2r 5,341 5,341 5,341 -

2015 1st quarter p Motor spirit

4,295r 918r 2,647r +19 399r 2,984r 10r 2,974 2,974 2,974 -

Gas oil1

15,943r 6,954r 6,353r 600 +204 -238 15,910r -22r 15,932r 173r 129r 17r 27 996 14,763r 1 1,011r 11,177r 764r 291r 1,518r

DERV9

27

SUPPLY Indigenous Production4 Imports 5 Exports5 Marine bunkers Stock change6 Transfers7 Total supply Statistical difference8 Total demand TRANSFORMATION Electricity generation Heat generation Petroleum refineries Coke manufacture Blast furnaces Patent fuel manufacture Energy industry use FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic Other final users Non energy use

Motor spirit

Total Petroleum Products

2014 1st quarter

1,586 420 559 +32 -375 1,104 -38 1,142 16 16 275 850 48 2 801

June 2015

3 OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS Table 3.5 Demand for key petroleum products 1 Thousand tonnes

per cent change

2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

2014

2015

4th 1st quarter quarter p

per cent change 2

2013

2014 p

12,574

12,326

-2.0%

2,983

3,268

3,178

3,145

2,974

3,163

3,103

3,086

2,892

650

645

151

161

178

160

152

164

168

160

150

-1.6%

13,224

12,971

-0.9% -1.9%

3,134

3,429

3,355

3,305

3,126

3,327

3,271

3,247

3,042

-2.7%

of which, sold through Supermarkets5

5,974

5,755

-3.7%

1,431

1,528

1,539

1,476

1,373

1,471

1,448

1,464

1,418

3.3%

of which, sold through Refiners, and other traders6

7,250

7,216

-0.5%

1,704

1,901

1,816

1,829

1,753

1,856

1,823

1,783

1,624

-7.4%

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

21,926

22,675

3.4%

5,104

5,598

5,518

5,706

5,341

5,674

5,701

5,960

5,575

4.4%

682

850

170

197

201

174

230

243

204

111

-35.9%

22,607

23,525

24.7% 4.1%

114 5,218

5,768

5,715

5,907

5,514

5,903

5,944

6,164

5,687

3.1%

of which, sold through Supermarkets10

6,217

6,394

2.8%

1,471

1,577

1,607

1,562

1,508

1,602

1,625

1,658

1,605

6.4%

of which, sold through Refiners, and other traders11

8,519

8,946

5.0%

1,929

2,182

2,118

2,289

2,087

2,247

2,252

2,360

2,103

0.8%

7,871

8,185

4.0%

1,817

2,008

1,989

2,056

1,919

2,054

2,067

2,146

1,979

3.1%

5,174r

5,241r

1.3%

1,217r

1,322r

1,313r

1,321r

1,183r

1,288r

1,485r

1,286r

1,221

3.3%

11,257r 16 11,242r

11,238r 18 11,220r

-0.2% 15.7% -0.2%

2,367 3 2,365

2,954r 4 2,950r

3,119 5 3,113r

2,817r 3 2,814r

2,510r 7 2,504r

2,788 5 2,784r

3,284 4 3,280r

2,655r 3 2,652r

2,562 2 2,560

2.1% -74.9% 2.3%

Medium

569r 219r 139r

554r 175r 126r

171r 78r 32

144r 57r 45

133r 65r 31

120r 19r 32

150r 29r 32r

136r 74r 31r

136r 68r 31r

132r 3r 32r

125 39 28

-16.6% 35.3% -10.9%

Heavy

209r

255r

-2.7% -20.3% -10.0% 21.5%

61

43

37

69

89r

32r

37r

97r

58

-35.3%

MOTOR SPIRIT of which, Hydrocarbon

3

of which, Bio-ethanol 4 Total Motor Spirit including Bio-ethanol

of which, sold via commercial sales

7

-2.7%

DIESEL ROAD FUEL Hydrocarbon Bio-diesel

8

9

Total Diesel Road Fuel including Bio-diesel

28

of which, sold via commercial sales OTHER GAS DIESEL OIL

12

13

AVIATION FUELS Total sales Aviation spirit Aviation turbine fuel FUEL OIL Total Sales Light

1. Monthly data for inland deliveries of oil products are available - See DECC website: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/oil-statistics 2. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlie 3. Demand excluding bioethanol. Based on HMRC data. 4. Bioethanol based on HMRC data and excludes other renewables 5. Data for sales by supermarkets collected by a monthly reporting system. Includes Asda, Morrisons, Sainsburys and Tesco only. 6. Equals total motor spirit sales minus supermarket and commercial sales. 7. Commercial sales are estimated through returns provided by the UK’s refiners 8. Demand excluding biodiesel. Based on HMRC data 9. Biodiesel based on HMRC data and excludes other renewables. 10. Data for sales by supermarkets collected by a monthly reporting system. Includes Asda, Morrisons, Sainsburys and Tesco only. 11. Equals total diesel sales minus supermarket and commercial sales. 12. Commercial sales are estimated through returns provided by the UK’s refiners 13. This includes gas diesel oil used for other purposes such as heating and middle distillate feedstock destined for use in the petrochemical industry.

3 OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS Table 3.6 Stocks of petroleum 1 at end of period Thousand tonnes Crude oil and refinery process oil

Petroleum products

Net bilaterals of Crude and 2

3

of products 5

Total products

Total Net Total Stocks

Total stocks

520

210

5,889

797

1,397

1,946

544

917

2,563

8,164

2,773

11,280

14,053

540

151

5,274

696

1,454

1,949

525

845

2,100

7,569

2,251

10,592

12,843

473

195

5,690

605

1,427

1,931

491

841

2,441

7,735

2,636

10,790

13,425

513

1,469

6,677

1,041

1,419

1,539

404

693

2,432

7,528

3,901

10,304

14,205

1,147r

460

1,728

7,211r

947

1,178

1,656r

253r

773

2,064

6,871r

3,792

10,290r

14,082r

2010

4,110

1,049

2011

3,889

694

2012

3,829

1,194

2013

3,592

1,102

2014 p

3,876

29 2015

Net bilaterals

Spirit6

Offshore

2014

Other products9

Total5

Terminals

2013

Motor

Process oil 5

Refineries

4

Total stocks

Kerosene7 Gas/Diesel Oil8

Fuel oils

bilaterals 5

in UK10

1st quarter

3,588

965

392

1,562

6,507

1,073

1,103

1,704

490

963

1,827

7,160

3,388

10,278

13,666

2nd quarter

3,843

1,274

508

1,719

7,344

987

1,235

1,634

481

872

2,005

7,213

3,724

10,833

14,557

3rd quarter

3,314

1,020

473

1,943

6,750

1,015

1,276

1,641

469

804

1,841

7,047

3,784

10,012

13,797

4th quarter

3,592

1,102

513

1,469

6,677

1,041

1,419

1,539

404

693

2,432

7,528

3,901

10,304

14,205

1st quarter

3,538

1,216

452

1,946

7,152

1,066

1,210

1,477r

368r

710

1,769

6,600r

3,715

10,037r

13,752r

2nd quarter

3,384

1,226

548

1,799

6,956

887

1,118

1,715r

241r

718

1,529

6,208r

3,328

9,837r

13,164r

3rd quarter

3,248

1,309

512

1,863

6,932

914

1,259

1,681r

330r

684

2,215

7,083r

4,078

9,938r

14,016r

4th quarter

3,876

1,147r

460

1,728

7,211r

947

1,178

1,656r

253r

773

2,064

6,871r

3,792

10,290r

14,082r

1st quarter p

4,058

949

462

1,686

7,154

1,304

1,136

1,527

277

640

2,126

7,010

3,812

10,353

14,164

+14.7

-22.0

+2.2

-13.4

-

+22.3

-6.1

+3.4

-24.7

-9.9

+20.2

+6.2

+2.6

+3.1

+3.0

Per cent change 11

June 2015

1. Stocks held at refineries, terminals and power stations. Stocks in the wholesale distribution system and certain stocks at offshore fields (UK Continental Shelf [UKCS]), and others held underare approved bilateral agreements also included. 2. Stocks of crude oil, NGLs and process oil at UK refineries. 3. Stocks of crude oil and NGLs at UKCS pipeline terminals. 4. Stocks of crude oil in tanks and partially loaded tankers at offshore fields (UKCS). 5. The difference between stocks held abroad for UK use under approved bilateral agreements and the equivalent stocks held in the UK for foreign use. From 2013 onwards, EU Directive 2009/119/EC came into effect and this has lead to changes in how UK companies manage their stock-holding. The increase in crude stocks held abroad was at the expense of a decrease in product stocks held under similar agreements. 6.Motor spirit and aviation spirit. 7. Aviation turbine fuel and burning oil. 8. Gas oil, DERV fuel, middle distillate feedstock (mdf) and marine diesel oil. 9. Ethane, propane, butane, other petroleum gases, naphtha (ldf), industrial and white spirits, bitumen, petroleum wax, lubricating oil, petroleum coke, and miscellaneous products. 10. Stocks held in the national territory or elsewhere on the UKCS 11. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.

June 2015

3 OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS Table 3.7 Drilling activity1 on the UKCS Number of wells started Offshore

Onshore

Exploration & Exploration

Appraisal

Appraisal

Exploration & Development2

Appraisal

Development2

30

2010

28

34

62

130

9

12

2011

14

28

42

123

14

11

2012

22

31

53

122

4

13

2013

15

29

44

120

7

8

2014 p

14

18

32

126

8

11

-6.7

-37.9

-27.3

+5.0

+14.3

+37.5

1st quarter

7

5

12

27

-

2

2nd quarter 3rd quarter

3 3

12 7

15 10

32 32

3 4

3 1

Per cent change 2013

2014

2015

4th quarter

2

5

7

29

-

2

1st quarter

3

2

5

30

3

2

2nd quarter

4

3

7

41

1

3

3rd quarter

3

5

8

33

2

4

4th quarter

4

8

12

22

2

2

1st quarter p

Per cent change

3

2

8

10

26

1

3

-33.3

(+)

+100.0

-13.3

-66.7

+50.0

1. Including sidetracked wells 2. Development wells are production or injection wells drilled after development approval has been granted. 3. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.

Gas

Section 4 - Gas Key results show: Gross UK production of natural gas in Q1 2015 was similar to that in Q1 2014 (Chart 4.1). Within this, production of associated gas was 4.0 per cent higher, and dry gas production was 6.0 per cent lower. (Chart 4.2). Gas available in Q1 2015 was 3.3 per cent higher than in Q1 2014, at 232 TWh. (Chart 4.3) Pipeline imports of gas were marginally lower in Q1 2015 compared with the same quarter in 2014. Shipped imports of LNG were 156 per cent higher. (Chart 4.4). Pipeline imports accounted for 80 per cent of all imports in Q1 2015, the same as that in Q1 2014 (Chart 4.5). Exports increased 18 per cent on Q1 2014 (Chart 4.4). UK gas demand increased by 9.7 per cent compared to Q1 2014, driven by the colder temperatures seen in Q1 2015 compared to Q1 2014. (Chart 4.6)

Revised figures for 2013 and 2014 show production of natural gas was 0.2 per cent higher in 2014 than in 2013. The first year-on-year increase since the 2000 peak.

Chart 4.1 Production and imports and exports of natural gas 200 180

Gas exports were 17 per cent higher and imports 11 per cent lower than in 2013. The trade position for 2014 showed net imports (difference between imports and exports) were 18 per cent lower than in 2013.

160 140

TWh

120 100

In the first quarter of 2015, gross production of natural gas was similar to that in Q1 2014 at 0.5 per cent lower.

80 60 40

Imports were 9.1 per cent higher in Q1 2015 compared with the same period last year, whilst exports were 18 per cent higher. This reflects higher demand with colder temperatures seen in the first quarter of 2015 versus quarter 1 2014.

20 0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Indigenous Production

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014 Imports

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Exports

31

June 2015

Gas Chart 4.2 Production of dry gas and associated gas Q1 2015 associated gas production increased by 4.0 per cent versus Q1 2014. This increase partly reflects steady production from a number of new, relatively large condensate fields in the North Sea. Dry gas production in quarter 1 2014 was 6.0 per cent lower than Q1 2014.

80

Associated gas

70

60

TWh

50

40 Dry gas 30

20

10

0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Chart 4.3 Gas availability

Gas available at terminals is equal to the gross gas production; minus producers own use, plus net imports.

350

300

Gas availability is seasonal, mirroring gas demand, and peaks during Q4 and Q1 each year. Gas available in Q1 2015 increased by 3.3 per cent compared to Q1 2014 to 232 TWh. This was largely driven by an increase in domestic and other final users’ consumption, with average temperatures in the first quarter of 2015 being cooler than in the same quarter in 2014.

TWh

250

200

150

100 Gas available 50

The long-term picture shows that the average availability over 4 rolling quarters had remained fairly constant since the start of 2012 before decreasing slightly since the start of 2014.

Average 4 rolling quarters

0 Q1 2012

Q2

June 2015

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

32

Gas In 2014, exports of natural gas were 17 per cent higher compared with 2013 reflecting higher UK production and decreased demand for gas. Gas imports were lower by 11 per cent in 2014, whilst net imports were 18 per cent lower than 2013.

Chart 4.4 Import and exports 200 LNG - imports

Pipeline - imports

Exports

175 150

Pipeline imports in 2014 were lower by 19 per cent. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) imports in 2014 were just over one-fifth higher than in 2013. LNG imports accounted for 26 per cent of total imports in 2014 compared with 20 per cent in 2013. LNG imports in 2014 were under half the 2011 peak. The recent increase in LNG imports is likely due to a combination of factors, including increasing global supply and weaker than expected demand in Asia.

125 100 TWh

75 50 25 0 -25 -50 -75 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Total imports in Q1 2015 increased by 9.1 per cent compared with Q1 2014; exports were 18 per cent higher than in Q1 2014. The trade position for quarter 1 2015 widened and showed net imports (difference between imports and exports) to be 7.4 per cent higher than in the same quarter in 2014. Pipeline imports of gas were marginally lower than in Q1 2015 compared with the same quarter in 2014. Shipped imports of LNG were 156 per cent higher. This reflects increased gas demand with cooler temperatures in Q1 2015 versus Q1 2014.

Chart 4.5 Imports by origin 200

In 2014, the 19 per cent decrease in pipeline imports was mainly driven by a decrease in gas demand following significantly warmer temperatures compared to 2013. Imports from Belgium decreased by 89 per cent in 2014 compared with 2013. Imports from the Netherlands and Norway were also lower by 14 per cent and 13 per cent respectively.

180 160 140 120

TWh

100

The increase in LNG imports in 2014 was driven by increasing global supply and weaker than expected demand in Asia.

80 60 40

In Q1 2015, imports of LNG and all pipeline imports increased compared to Q1 2014 reflecting the increased demand seen in Q1 2015 versus Q1 2014. LNG imports from Qatar were up three fold and pipeline imports from Belgium decreased substantially.

20 0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Belgium

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Netherlands

Q3

Norway

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

LNG - Other

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

LNG - Qatar

33

June 2015

Gas Map: UK imports and exports of gas Q1 20151

Blane (UK) Field 0.0 TWh

Ula Field (Norwegian)

Vesterled Pipeline

15.1 TWh

NTS

Tampen Link & Gjoa/Vega 21.4 TWh

Langeled Pipeline BBL

58.0 TWh

23.1 TWh LNG 0.0 TWh

UK-Ireland Interconnector

4.1 TWh

12.6 TWh

Nominated BBL export, Chiswick, Grove, Markham, Minke Windermere & Windgate.

7.8 TWh LNG

6.6 TWh

3.1 TWh

LNG 31.4 TWh

UK-Belgium Interconnector

Imports Exports NTS - National Transmission System for gas, including link to N. Ireland

1.

Please note that imports and exports in this map uses nominated flows through the UK-Belgium Interconnector and BBL pipeline as in table 4.1. The figures here will differ from those in ET Table 4.3 which uses actual physical flows through the Interconnector.

June 2015

34

Gas Chart 4.6 UK demand for natural gas Gas demand in Q1 2015 was 9.7 per cent higher compared to Q1 2014. An increase in gas use versus Q1 2014 was seen across all sectors, with domestic and other final use showing increases ranging between approximately 12 and 14 per cent. This was driven primarily by the cooler average temperatures in Q1 2015 versus Q1 2014.

180 160 140

TWh

120 100 80

Demand for natural gas from the industrial sector also increased in Q1 2015 versus Q1 2014, being 8.4 per cent higher for the iron and steel industry and 2.3 per cent higher for other industries (see Table 4.1). These smaller increases in gas demand reflect the industrial sector relying less on gas for space heating than other sectors.

60 40 20 0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Domestic

Q1 2013

Q2

Industries

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Others

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Electricity generation

Relevant table 4.1: Natural gas supply and consumption...……………………………………........…………...Page 36 Contacts for further information: Shyam Lakhani Oil and Gas Statistics Team Tel. 0300 068 6865 E-mail: [email protected]

Michael Williams Oil and Gas Statistics Team Tel. 0300 068 5052 E-mail: [email protected]

35

June 2015

June 2015

4 GAS Table 4.1. Natural gas supply and consumption

2013

2014 p

per cent change

GWh

2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

2014

2015

4th 1st quarter quarter p

per cent change 1

SUPPLY Indigenous production

424,153

424,897r

+0.2

113,470

112,494

90,047

108,142

115,395

107,923r

93,050r

108,529r

114,803

-0.5

Imports

535,105 102,620

477,163 123,912

-10.8 +20.7

181,972 16,226

132,068 44,196

77,546 19,428

143,520 22,771

143,212 12,911

105,078 43,973

89,405 40,151

139,468 26,877

156,315 34,555

+9.1 (+)

109,664

127,907r

+16.6

+18.4

+621

-2,383

of which LNG

Exports Stock change 2 Transfers

21,692

37,423

30,106

20,443

22,862

41,063

40,102

23,880r

27,059

+40,380

-25,196

-14,890

+327

+16,992

-18,072

-7,057

+5,754

+34,500

-61

-140r

850,155

771,630r

1,888r

-867r

Total demand

848,267r

772,497r

TRANSFORMATION

230,559r

243,972r

205,832r

217,944r

+5.9

Heat generation

24,727r

26,028r

+5.3

8,051r

5,549r

4,597r

6,530r

7,967r

5,725r

5,093r

7,243r

7,967

-

Energy industry use

53,775r

49,281r

-8.4

14,740r

14,399r

11,853r

12,783r

13,167r

12,316r

10,895r

12,903r

14,817

+12.5

Total supply

36

Statistical difference

Electricity generation

Losses FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries

-29

-12

-14

-5

-9r

-25r

-40r

-66r

-91

314,100

181,931

122,583

231,541

252,728r

153,841r

135,256r

229,806r

278,468

507r

247r

660r

474r

-272r

-715r

-682r

802r

1,133

-8.9

313,594r

181,684r

121,922r

231,067r

253,000r

154,556r

135,937r

229,004r

277,335

+9.6

+5.8

67,302r

56,560r

49,502r

57,194r

55,835r

56,466r

67,322r

64,350r

58,597

+4.9

59,251r

51,012r

44,906r

50,664r

47,868r

50,741r

62,229r

57,106r

50,630

+5.8

-9.2

+10.2

7,473r

6,856r

-8.3

1,962r

2,069r

1,614r

1,828r

1,959r

1,573r

1,656r

1,668r

2,039

+4.1

556,460r

472,388r

-15.1

229,589r

108,655r

58,953r

159,263r

182,038r

84,201r

56,065r

150,083r

201,882

+10.9

5,338r

5,448r

+2.1

1,492r

1,288r

1,223r

1,335r

1,455r

1,350r

1,303r

1,339r

1,578

+8.4

87,652r

87,032r

-0.7

28,610r

19,929r

15,879r

23,233r

26,430r

19,065r

17,087r

24,450r

27,073

+2.4

Domestic

342,501r

278,101r

-18.8

157,956r

60,537r

23,367r

100,641r

119,112r

42,542r

20,825r

95,621r

134,005

+12.5

Other final users

115,372r

96,377r

-16.5

40,132r

25,502r

17,084r

32,654r

33,684r

19,886r

15,492r

27,316r

37,869

+12.4

Non energy use3

5,598

5,430r

-3.0

1,399r

1,399r

1,399r

1,399r

1,357r

1,357r

1,357r

1,357r

1,357

-

1. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. 2. Stock fall (+), stock rise (-). 3. For non energy use, the 2014 figures currently shown are the 2013 figures carried forward - these will be updated in July 2015.

Electricity 

Section 5 – Electricity Key results show: Electricity generated in the first quarter of 2015 rose by 1.3 per cent, from 93.7 TWh a year earlier to 94.9 TWh. (Chart 5.1). Renewables’ share of electricity generation increased from 19.6 per cent in the first quarter of 2014 to 22.3 per cent in the first quarter of 2015. (Chart 5.2). Coal’s share of generation decreased from 37.0 per cent to 31.3 per cent, whilst gas’s share of generation rose from 23.2 per cent in the first quarter of 2014 to 25.0 per cent in the first quarter of 2015. (Chart 5.2). Nuclear’s share of generation increased from 17.6 per cent in the first quarter of 2014 to 19.1 per cent in the first quarter of 2015. (Chart 5.2). Low carbon electricity’s share of generation increased from 37.3 per cent in the first quarter of 2014 to 41.4 per cent in the first quarter of 2015. (Chart 5.3). The UK remains a net importer with 5.2 per cent of electricity supplied from net imports in the first quarter of 2015. (Chart 5.4). Final consumption of electricity during the first quarter of 2015, at 83.5 TWh, was provisionally 0.7 per cent higher than in the same period last year. Domestic sales rose by 2.0 per cent. (Chart 5.5).  

Chart 5.1 Electricity generated by fuel type In 2015 Q1, total electricity generated rose 1.3 per cent from 93.7 TWh in 2014 Q1 to 94.9 TWh. In 2015 Q1, coal fired generation fell by 14.3 per cent from 34.7 TWh to 29.7 TWh. In 2015 Q1, gas fired generation increased 9.2 per cent from 21.8 TWh to 23.8 TWh. This was due to several gas stations running at low levels or opting not to run at all in Q1 2014. In 2015 Q1, nuclear generation rose 10.0 per cent from 16.5 TWh to 18.2 TWh. In 2015 Q1, wind and PV generation rose 7.6 per cent from 11.6 TWh to 12.4 TWh, due to an increase in capacity. Hydro generation fell 10.5 per cent from 2.2 TWh to 2.0 TWh.

37  

June 2015

Electricity  Chart 5.2 Shares of electricity generation 

Q1 2014

Oil and  Other 2.6%

Renewables 19.6% Coal 37.0%

The share of generation from coal decreased from 37.0 per cent in 2014 Q1 to 31.3 per cent in 2015 Q1. Gas’s share of generation increased from 23.2 per cent in 2014 Q1 to 25.0 per cent in 2014 Q1.

Nuclear 17.6%

Nuclear’s share of generation rose from 17.6 per cent in 2014 Q1 to 19.1 per cent in 2015 Q1.

Gas 23.2%

The share of renewables (hydro, wind and other renewables) increased from 19.6 per cent in 2014 Q1 to 22.3 per cent in 2015 Q1. This was due to increased wind generation capacity.

Chart 5.3 Low carbon electricity’s share of generation  

Low carbon electricity’s share of generation increased from 37.3 per cent in 2014 Q1 to 41.4 per cent in 2015 Q1, due to higher renewables and nuclear generation.

June 2015

 

38

Electricity  Chart 5.4 UK trade in electricity

In 2015 Q1, compared with the same period in 2014, imports of electricity fell by 4.6 per cent (-0.3 TWh), whilst exports fell by 32 per cent (-0.3 TWh). For every quarter from 2010 Q2, the UK has been a net importer after two quarters of being a net exporter (2009 Q4 and 2010 Q1). Net imports of electricity remained broadly unchanged at 4.9 TWh in quarter 1 2015, due to increased imports from the Netherlands via the interconnector which came into full operation in April 2011 as well as an increase in imports from France. Net imports represented 5.2 per cent of electricity supplied in 2014 Q1. In 2015 Q1, the UK was a net importer from France, the Netherlands and Ireland with net imports of 3.2 TWh, 2.1 TWh and 0.04 TWh respectively.

Chart 5.5 Electricity final consumption Final consumption of electricity rose by 0.7 per cent in 2015 Q1, from 82.9 TWh in 2013 Q1, to 83.5 TWh. Domestic increased by 2.0 per cent, from 31.4 TWh to 32.0 TWh. Industrial use of electricity fell 3.4 per cent, from 24.0 TWh to 23.1 TWh, while consumption by commercial 1 and other users rose by 2.6 per cent, from 29.5 TWh to 28.3 TWh. In 2015 Q1, temperatures were on average 1.3 degrees 2 lower than in 2014 Q1.

                                                             1

Includes commercial, transport and other final users.

2 Temperature data comes from table ET 7.1, at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-trendssection-7-weather 

39  

June 2015

Electricity  Chart 5.6 Fuel used for electricity generation Fuel used by generators in 2014 Q1 rose 0.6 per cent, from 19.6 mtoe in 2014 Q1 to 19.7 mtoe in 2015 Q1. In 2015 Q1, gas use was 7.8 per cent higher than in 2014 Q1. Coal use during the quarter was 14.6 per cent lower than a year earlier, while nuclear sources were 10.0 per cent higher.

  For wind (and other primary renewable sources), the fuel used is assumed the same as the electricity generated, unlike thermal generation where conversion losses are incurred. 3

Relevant tables 5.1: Fuel used in electricity generation and electricity supplied ……………………………….Page 41 5.2: Supply and consumption of electricity……………………………………………………….Page 42 Contacts for further information: Stephen Ashcroft Electricity Statistics Tel: 0300 068 2928 E-mail: [email protected]

Kayley Vanlint Electricity Statistics Tel: 0300 068 5046 E-mail: [email protected]

 

June 2015

 

40

5 ELECTRICITY Table 5.1. Fuel used in electricity generation and electricity supplied

FUEL USED IN GENERATION All generating companies Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro 2 Wind and Solar Bioenergy 3 Other fuels Net imports Total all generating companies

41

ELECTRICITY GENERATED All generating companies Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro (natural flow) Wind and Solar 2 - of which, Offshore6

Bioenergy 3 Pumped Storage Other fuels Total all generating companies ELECTRICITY SUPPLIED 4 All generating companies Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Wind and Solar

2

- of which, Offshore6

Bioenergy

3 5

Pumped Storage (net supply) Other fuels Net imports Total all generating companies

per cent change

2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

2014

2015

4th 1st quarter quarter p

per cent change 1

2013

2014 p

31.45r 0.59 17.71r 15.44 0.40 2.62 5.85r 1.31 1.24 76.61r

24.14 0.57 18.50 13.85 0.51 3.10 7.56 1.18 1.76 71.17

-23.2 -3.1 +4.5 -10.3 +25.2 +18.5 +29.2 -9.6 +42.1 -7.1

9.92 0.14 5.08r 4.00 0.11 0.60r 1.38 0.31 0.24 21.79r

6.90 0.11 4.37r 3.38 0.08 0.62 1.57 0.35 0.31 17.71r

6.50 0.17 3.89r 4.09 0.06 0.48 1.45r 0.32 0.40 17.36r

8.12 0.16 4.36r 3.97 0.15 0.92r 1.45r 0.32 0.29 19.76r

8.33 0.15r 4.05r 3.59r 0.19 0.99r 1.57r 0.30 0.42 19.58r

5.30 0.16r 4.31r 3.80r 0.10 0.57r 1.87r 0.27 0.44 16.82r

130.77 2.09r 96.03r 70.61 4.70 30.42r 11.47r 18.16r 2.90 3.49r 359.17r

100.71 1.88 100.93 63.75 5.88 36.07 13.40 22.70 2.88 4.13 338.93

-23.0 -10.0 +5.1 -9.7 +25.2 +18.6 +16.8 +25.0 -0.7 +18.1 -5.6

41.53 0.56r 27.23r 18.28 1.25r 7.04r 2.82r 4.19r 0.74 0.87r 101.70r

28.97 0.46r 24.22r 15.47 0.97 7.18r 2.63r 5.07r 0.69 0.91 83.95r

26.69 0.59r 21.39r 18.69 0.74 5.54r 1.98r 4.46r 0.71 0.86r 79.67r

33.58 0.48r 23.19r 18.16 1.74r 10.65r 4.03r 4.44r 0.76 0.86r 93.87r

34.67r 0.54r 21.76r 16.53 2.24r 11.55r 4.38r 4.59r 0.79 1.05r 93.71r

22.21r 0.50r 23.78r 17.50 1.11r 6.58r 2.09r 5.48r 0.67 1.00r 78.85r

16.01r 0.44r 29.15 15.66 0.78r 6.70r 2.24r 5.94r 0.63r 1.02r 76.34r

27.81r 0.41r 26.23 14.06 1.75r 11.24r 4.69r 6.68r 0.79r 1.05r 90.03r

TWh 29.70 0.47 23.76 18.17 2.01 12.42 4.66 6.70 0.63 1.07 94.93

124.06 1.89r 94.21r 64.13 4.67r 30.42r 11.47r 15.73r

95.53 1.71 99.27 57.90 5.84 36.07 13.40 19.69

-23.0 -9.8 +5.4 -9.7 +25.2 +18.6 +16.8 +25.2

39.40 0.50r 26.71r 16.61 1.24r 7.04r 2.82r 3.62r

27.48 0.42r 23.76r 14.05 0.96 7.19r 2.63r 4.41r

25.32 0.54r 21.00r 16.97 0.74 5.54r 1.98r 3.86r

31.86 0.44r 22.74r 16.50 1.72 10.65r 4.03r 3.83r

32.89r 0.49r 21.39r 15.01 2.23r 11.55r 4.38r 3.94r

21.07r 0.46r 23.40r 15.90 1.10r 6.58r 2.09r 4.73r

15.19r 0.40r 28.68r 14.22 0.77r 6.70r 2.24r 5.23r

26.39 0.37r 25.80 12.77 1.74r 11.24r 4.69r 5.80r

TWh 28.18 0.42 23.31 16.51 1.99 12.42 4.66 5.82

-14.3 -12.6 +9.0 +10.0 -10.5 +7.6 +6.3 +47.8

-1.04 3.27r 14.43 351.78r

-1.01 3.85 20.51 339.36

-2.4 +17.9 +42.1 -3.5

-0.27 0.81 2.82 98.49r

-0.26 0.85 3.56 82.42r

-0.26 0.80 4.65 79.17r

-0.25 0.80 3.40 91.70r

-0.26 0.98r 4.89 93.09r

-0.25 0.94r 5.08 79.00r

-0.24 0.95r 5.43 77.34r

-0.26r 0.99r 5.11 89.93r

-0.25 1.00 4.89 94.28

-2.7 +2.2 -0.1 +1.3

1. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.

June 2015

2. Includes wave and tidal 3. Up to 2006 Q4, this includes non-biodegradable wastes. From 2007 Q1, this is included in 'Other fuels' (as it is not considered a renewable source). 4. Electricity supplied net of electricity used in generation 5. Net supply from pumped storage is usually negative, as electricity used in pumping is deducted. 6. This now includes a small amount of offshore wind generation from other generators

Million tonnes of oil equivalent 3.91 6.59r 7.11 0.13r 0.12r 0.14 5.30r 4.85r 4.36 3.40r 3.05r 3.95 0.07 0.15 0.17 0.58r 0.97r 1.07 1.98r 2.15r 2.12 0.30 0.31 0.34 0.47 0.44 0.42 16.14r 18.63r 19.69

-14.6 -7.3 +7.8 +10.0 -10.1 +7.6 +35.5 +16.0 -0.1 +0.6

-14.3 -12.8 +9.2 +10.0 -10.5 +7.6 +6.3 +45.7 -20.4 +2.2 +1.3

June 2015

5 ELECTRICITY Table 5.2 Supply and consumption of electricity

GWh 2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

2014

2015 Per cent change 1

2013

2014 p

Per cent change

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th 1st quarter quarter p

359,175r

338,927

-5.6

101,697r

83,945r

79,666r

93,866r

93,714r

78,850r

76,338r

90,025r

94,928

+1.3

321,299r 34,971r

297,411 38,632

-7.4 +10.5

92,315r 8,641r

74,483r 8,771r

70,711r 8,247r

83,791r 9,313r

83,079r 9,844r

68,721r 9,458r

66,226r 9,483r

79,385r 9,847r

84,057 10,241

+1.2 +4.0

Other sources 4 Imports Exports Transfers Total supply Statistical difference Total demand TRANSFORMATION

2,904r 17,533 3,103 373,604r -1,221r 374,825r -

2,883 23,230 2,720 359,437 -42 359,479 -

-0.7 +32.5 -12.4

742 3,354 538 104,514r -408r 104,922r -

692r 4,340 777 87,509r -306r 87,815r -

708r 5,402 751 84,317r -365r 84,682r -

763r 4,436 1,038 97,265r -141r 97,406r -

791r 5,701 807 98,608r 391r 98,217r -

671r 5,771 695 83,926r -198r 84,124r -

628r 6,031 602 81,767r -108r 81,875r -

793r 5,726 616 95,136r -127r 95,263r -

630 5,436 546 99,819 -110 99,928 -

-20.4 -4.6 -32.4

Energy industry use 5 Losses FINAL CONSUMPTION Iron & steel Other industries Transport Domestic Other final users Non energy use

29,460r 27,000 318,365r 3,803 96,599r 4,268r 113,180r 100,515r -

27,121 27,438 304,921 3,789 89,740 4,259 106,981 100,151 -

-7.9 +1.6 -4.2 -0.4 -7.1 -0.2 -5.5 -0.4

7,978r 8,272 88,671r 950 25,169r 1,067r 34,173r 27,313r -

6,998 6,443 2,904 967 23,635r 1,067r 25,429r 23,275r -

7,057r 5,236 72,389r 946 23,816r 1,067r 22,684r 23,876r -

7,426r 7,048 82,931r 939 23,979r 1,067r 30,895r 26,050r -

7,315r 7,965r 82,937r 957r 23,037r 1,065r 31,409r 26,468r -

6,684r 5,833r 71,607r 945r 21,836r 1,065r 23,889r 23,872r -

6,141r 5,418r 70,317r 937r 22,365r 1,065r 22,119r 23,831r -

6,981r 8,221r 80,060r 949r 22,502r 1,065r 29,564r 25,980r -

7,244 9,205 83,480 970 22,202 1,065 32,047 27,195 -

-1.0 +15.6 +0.7 +1.4 -3.6 +2.0 +2.7

SUPPLY Indigenous production Major power producers Auto producers

23

-3.8 -4.1

+1.2 +1.7

42

1. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. 2. Companies that produce electricity from nuclear sources plus all companies whose prime purpose is the generation of electricity are included under the heading "Major Power Producers". At the end of December 2014 they were: AES Electric Ltd., Baglan Generation Ltd., British Energy plc., Centrica Energy, Coolkeeragh ESB Ltd., Corby Power Ltd., Coryton Energy Company Ltd., Dong Energy Burbo UK Ltd., Drax Power Ltd., EDF Energy plc., Eggborough Power Ltd., E.On UK plc., Energy Power Resources, Falck Renewables Ltd., Fred Olsen, Greencoat UK Wind plc., HG Capital, Immingham CHP, Infinis plc, International Power Mitsui, London Waste Ltd., Magnox North Ltd., Peel Energy Ltd., Premier Power Ltd., Renewable Energy Systems, Riverside Resource Recovery Ltd., Rocksavage Power Company Ltd., RWE Npower plc, Scottish Power plc, Scottish and Southern Energy plc., Seabank Power Ltd., SELCHP Ltd., Spalding Energy Company Ltd., Statkraft Energy Ltd., Third Energy Trading Ltd., Vattenfall Wind Power 3. This table includes the change of definition of Major power producers (MPPs) to include major wind farm companies. Details of this change of definition were given in an article on pages 43 to 48 of the September 2008 edition of Energy Trends. 4. Gross supply from pumped storage hydro 5. Includes electricity used in generation and for pumping

Renewables

Section 6 – Renewables Key results show: Renewables’ share of electricity generation was a record 22.3 per cent in 2015 Q1, up 2.6 percentage points on the share in 2014 Q1, mostly reflecting increased capacity. Wind speeds were slightly lower than last year and rainfall marginally higher. (Chart 6.1) Renewable electricity generation was a record 21.1 TWh in 2015 Q1, an increase of 15 per cent on the 18.4 TWh in 2014 Q1. (Chart 6.2) Plant biomass showed the highest increase in both absolute and percentage change in generation in 2015 Q1, almost doubling from 2.2 TWh in 2014 Q1 to 4.3 TWh. Solar photovoltaics also showed strong growth at 60% from 0.5 TWh to 0.8 TWh, due to increased capacity. Wind generation increased by 5.3 per cent to 11.7 TWh with increasing capacity particularly in offshore, offsetting a slightly lower wind speed. (Chart 6.2) Renewable electricity capacity was 26.4 GW at the end of 2015 Q1, a 23 per cent increase (5.0 GW) on a year earlier, and a 7.4 per cent increase (1.8 GW) on the previous quarter. Of the 1.8 GW increase in 2015 Q1, over two-thirds was due to new, mainly large-scale, solar photovoltaic capacity. (Chart 6.3) In 2015 Q1, 148 MW of capacity joined the Feed in Tariff scheme, increasing the total to 3,567 MW, approximately 14 per cent of all renewable installed capacity. Of this increase, solar PVs contributed 143 MW, and wind contributed 3 MW. (Chart 6.5) Liquid biofuels consumption decreased by 19 per cent, from 387 million litres in 2014 Q1 to 314 million litres in 2015 Q1. This represented 2.9 per cent of petrol and diesel consumed in road transport. (Chart 6.6)

Chart 6.1 Renewables’ share of electricity generation Renewables’ share of electricity generation increased from 19.6 per cent in 2014 Q1 to a record 22.3 per cent in 2015 Q1, and by 0.4 percentage points on 2014 Q4’s 1 21.8 per cent.

25%

Share of total generation

20%

The increase on a year earlier reflects increased capacity, particularly in solar PV and onshore and offshore wind. Average wind speeds and rainfall were both similar to last year.

15%

Total electricity generated from renewables in 2015 Q1 was up by 15 per cent on 2014 Q1, from 18.4 TWh to a new record of 21.1 TWh.

10%

5%

0% Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Bioenergy

Hydro

Onshore wind

Offshore wind

Solar PV

Wave and tidal

Q4

Q1 2015

Overall electricity generation was 94.9 TWh in 2015 Q1, up 1.3 per cent on a year earlier (93.7 TWh), due to higher demand, partly due to colder average temperatures. This increase in overall generation decreased renewables’ share of electricity generation by 0.3 percentage points.

                                                             1

Total electricity generation figures (all generating companies) can be found in table ET 5.1, at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/electricity-section-5energy-trends

 

43

June 2015

Renewables Chart 6.2 Renewable electricity generation

2

In 2015 Q1, generation from bioenergy increased by 46 per cent on a year earlier, from 4.6 TWh to 6.7 TWh, the majority of which was from plant biomass. This was mainly due to a second conversion at Drax Power Station from co-firing to dedicated biomass.

25

Generation (TWh)

20

Electricity generated from onshore wind increased by 4.7 per cent in 2015 Q1, from 6.7 TWh in 2014 Q1 to 7.0 TWh, and generation from offshore wind increased by 6.3 per cent to 4.7 TWh. Both increases were due to increased capacity; although average wind speeds were high at 10.6 knots compared to the 10 year mean for the quarter, 9.8 knots, they were slightly lower than 3 2014 Q1 at 11 knots.

15

10

5

Generation from solar photovoltaics increased by 41 per cent (0.2 GWh) from the previous quarter to 0.8 TWh. This was largely due to increased capacity. Compared to 2014 Q1, generation was 0.3 TWh (60 per cent) higher.

0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Bioenergy

Hydro

Onshore Wind

Offshore Wind

Solar PV

Shoreline wave / tidal

Q1 2015

Hydro generation decreased by 10 per cent on a year earlier, from 2.2 TWh to 2.0 TWh, despite a slight increase in average rainfall (in the main hydro catchment areas).

To note that the solar PV (and onshore wind) figures not only include installations confirmed on the FiTs scheme, but also a large number of sub 50 kW installations commissioned, and registered on the Microgeneration Certification Scheme, that are awaiting confirmation on FiTs (as well as any capacity not supported by FiTs).

Onshore wind had the largest share of generation (33 per cent) with, 32 per cent from bioenergy, 22 per cent from offshore wind, 9.5 per cent from hydro and 3.6 per cent from solar PV. At the end of 2015 Q1, the UK’s renewable electricity capacity totalled 26.4 GW, an increase of 7.4 per cent (1.8 GW) on that installed at the end of 2014 Q4, and 23 per cent (5.0 GW) on that installed a year earlier.

Chart 6.3 Renewable electricity capacity (as at end of quarter) 30

Of the 1.8 GW increase during 2015 Q1, 79 per cent (1.4 GW) came from photovoltaics, mostly large scale (>5 MW) schemes. Compared to 2014 Q1, capacity increased by 2.7 GW (64 per cent) to 6.8 GW.

Shoreline wave / tidal Solar PV 25

Installed Capacity (GW)

Offshore Wind Onshore Wind 20

Onshore wind capacity increased by by 0.9 GW (12.1 per cent) compared to 2014 Q1, and offshore wind by 1.0 GW (26 per cent). The increase in offshore was due to the new Humber Gateway scheme that came on line in February 2015, and also increased capacity at the Gwynt y Mor and West of Duddon Sands installations.

Hydro Bioenergy

15

10

Despite the high increase in solar photovoltaic capacity, wind retained the largest share of overall capacity at 13.3 GW (50 per cent share). Solar photovoltaic capacity held a 26 per cent share (6.8 GW), bioenergy, 17 per cent (4.6 GW), and hydro 6.5 per cent (1.7 GW).

5

0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

                                                             2

Bioenergy consists of: landfill gas, sewage gas, energy from waste, plant biomass, animal biomass, anaerobic digestion and co-firing (generation only)

  3

Statistics on weather (temperature, wind speeds, rainfall and sun levels) can be found in tables ET 7.1 – 7.4, at:   www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-trends-section-7weather

June 2015

44

Renewables Chart 6.4 Renewable electricity load factors

In 2015 Q1, onshore wind’s load factor fell by 2.9 percentage points, from 40.8 per cent in 2014 Q1 to 37.9 per cent. Meanwhile, offshore wind’s load factor fell by 7.7 percentage points, from 54.4 per cent in 2014 Q1 to 46.7 per cent in 2015 Q1. Both were relatively high over the time-period covered4, though 2015 Q1 was lower than the previous year reflecting slightly 5 lower average wind speeds.

80% 70%

Load Factor (%)

60% 50%

Compared with 2014 Q4, onshore wind’s load factor in 2015 Q1 was up by 5.4 percentage points, while offshore wind’s was down by 0.9 percentage points, despite average wind speeds being 1.4 knots higher.

40% 30% 20%

Hydro’s load factor in 2015 Q1 fell by 6.8 percentage points, from 60.6 per cent in 2014 Q1, a record, to 53.8 per cent, with average rainfall up by 2.1 per cent. Compared with 2014 Q4, hydro’s load factor in 2015 Q1 rose by 7.8 percentage points, from 46 per cent, though average rainfall fell by 1.2 per cent.

10% 0% Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Bioenergy Offshore Wind

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Hydro Onshore Wind

For plant biomass, the load factor in 2015 Q1, at 88.7 per cent, was up by 36.8 percentage points on a year earlier reflecting the completion of the conversion to dedicated biomas of the second unit at Drax. The load factor increased by 2.7 percentage points on 2014 Q4.

 

     

Chart 6.5 Feed in Tariffs: eligible installed capacity (as at end of quarter)

At the end of 2015 Q1, 3,567 MW of capacity was eligible for the GB Feed in Tariff (FiTs) scheme. This was a 4.3 per cent increase on the 3,420 MW confirmed on the scheme at the end of 2014 Q4, and 30 per cent more than the amount confirmed at the end .   of 2014 Q1 6

4,000 Micro CHP 3,500

AD

In terms of number of installations, at the end of 2015 Q1, there were 682,511 eligible for the FiT scheme, a 5.5 per cent increase on the 646,971 confirmed at the end of the previous quarter, and 25 per cent higher than the 544,673 schemes confirmed at the end of 2014 Q1.

Wind 3,000

Hydro Solar PV

2,500

2,000

Solar photovoltaics (PVs) represent the majority of both installations and installed capacity confirmed on FiTs, with, respectively, 99 per cent and 84 per cent of the total. The majority of PV installations are sub-4 kW retrofitted schemes, which increased by 32,235 (103 MW) from 2014 Q4 to bring the total to 550,154 (1,698 .   MW) at the end of 2015 Q1 7

1,500

1,000

500

Renewable installations confirmed on FiTs (all except MicroCHP) represented 13 per cent of all renewable installed capacity.

0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

                                                               4

  Quarterly load factors for renewables have been calculated since 2010 Q1. 

5

 

Load Factors are calculated using an average of capacity at the start and end of the quarter. Therefore, they can be influenced by the time in the quarter when any new capacity came online. This may particularly be the case for large wind farms, such as London Array offshore, that come online incrementally throughout the quarter. 

                                                             6

Statistics on Feed in Tariff can be found at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/feed-in-tariff-statistics

  7

To note that Feed in Tariff uptake statistics are based on the confirmation date, which can be several months later than the commissioning (installation) date. Hence the amount of capacity installed in a quarter may differ substantially from that confirmed on the FiTs scheme in the same quarter.

45

June 2015

Renewables Chart 6.6 Liquid biofuels for transport consumption

In 2015 Q1, 314 million litres of liquid biofuels were consumed in transport, a decrease of 19 per cent on the total in 2014 Q1 (387 million litres). This is the lowest level since 2012 Q3 when consumption was 305 million litres.

600 Bioethanol

Biodiesel

Volume (million litres)

500

Bioethanol consumption fell by 1.6 per cent, from 192 million litres to 189 million litres. Biodiesel consumption fell by 36 per cent, from 195 million litres in 2014 Q1 to 125 million litres in 2015 Q1.

400

In 2015 Q1, biodiesel accounted for 1.8 per cent of total diesel consumed in transport, and bioethanol 4.6 per cent of motor spirit. The combined contribution of the two fuels was 2.9 per cent, 0.7 percentage points lower than 2014 Q1’s share and 0.8 percentage points lower than in 2014 Q4. Although the contribution of biofuels to total road transport fuel consumption varies between quarters, this is the largest decrease over the last four years.

300

200

100

In 2015 Q1, bioethanol contributed the largest share of biofuels consumption (60 per cent) for the first time since 2014 Q1 where the balance was 50 per cent.

0 Q1 2012

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2013

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2014

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1 2015

Relevant tables 6.1: Renewable electricity capacity and generation……………………………….........Page 47 6.2: Liquid biofuels for transport consumption……………………………….................Page 48 Contacts for further information: James Hemingway Renewables Statistics Tel: 0300 068 5042

Liz Waters Renewables Statistics Tel: 0300 068 5735

E-mail: [email protected]  

June 2015

46

6 RENEWABLES Table 6.1. Renewable electricity capacity and generation

Cumulative Installed Capacity 1 Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Shoreline wave / tidal Solar photovoltaics Small scale Hydro Large scale Hydro Landfill gas Sewage sludge digestion Energy from waste Animal Biomass (non-AD) 2 Anaerobic Digestion Plant Biomass 3 Total Co-firing 4

47

Generation 5 Onshore Wind 6 Offshore Wind 6, 7 Shoreline wave / tidal 6 Solar photovoltaics 6 Hydro 6 Landfill gas 6 Sewage sludge digestion 6 Energy from waste 8 Co-firing with fossil fuels Animal Biomass (non-AD) 2, 6 Anaerobic Digestion Plant Biomass 3, 6 Total Non-biodegradable wastes 9 Load Factors 10 Onshore Wind Offshore Wind Hydro Landfill gas Sewage sludge digestion Energy from waste Animal Biomass (non-AD) Anaerobic Digestion Plant Biomass Total (excluding co-firing and non-biodegradable wastes)

per cent change

2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

2014

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

2013

2014 p

7,519 3,696 7 2,851 231 1,477 1,043 198 550

8,486 4,501 9 5,378 246 1,477 1,051 208 696

+12.9 +21.8 +19.0 +88.6 +6.7 +0.8 +5.3 +26.7

6,631 3,381 6 2,187 217 1,477 1,043 196 543

7,025 3,544 6 2,496 222 1,477 1,043 197 550

7,309 3,657 7 2,642 224 1,477 1,043 198 550

7,519 3,696 7 2,851 231 1,477 1,043 198 550

111

111

111

111

216

+31.5

111

164

126

133

141

2015 1st quarter p

per cent change 11

7,655r 3,764r 8 4,160r 239r 1,477 1,049r 204r 597r

7,977

8,236

8,486

8,580

4,084 9 4,441 240 1,477 1,050 205 644

4,420 9 4,842 242 1,477 1,050 205 652

4,501 9 5,378 246 1,477 1,051 208 696

4,749 9 6,823 255 1,477 1,052 208 696

+12.1 +26.2 +9.4 +64.0 +7.0 +0.3 +2.0 +16.6

111

111

164

189r

111 198

111 203

111 216

111 218

+15.1

2,270 26,448

+11.9 +23.1

19

+25.0

1,955

2,244

2,773

1,955

1,955

2,029r

24,623

+14.8 +24.4

2,125

19,801

18,043

19,575

19,313

19,801

21,481r

2,144 22,578

2,224 23,670

2,244 24,623

35

15

-56.8

35

35

35

35

15r

15r

15

15

GWh 16,950

18,611

+9.8

4,077

3,858

2,705

6,309

6,690r

3,003

2,909

6,010

7,001

+4.7

11,472

13,404

+16.8

2,805

2,615

1,965

4,087

4,384r

2,092

2,242

4,686

4,662

+6.3

-62.3

6

2

1,989

4,050

4,702

5,885

+25.2

1,255

5,160

5,045

-2.2

1,295

761

846

+11.1

180

1,649

1,950

309

133

+18.2 -56.8

628

614

722

1,009

8,930

13,105

53,278

64,654

1,481

1,951

28.8% 39.1% 31.6% 56.6% 43.2% 35.3% 64.9% 58.3% 65.2% 34.2%

26.5% 37.3% 39.2% 55.0% 47.5% 35.8% 63.4% 60.5% 71.2% 33.2%

(+)

2

2

1

1

1

0

1

1

+58.7

140

691

849

310

474r

1,486

1,550

540

761

+60.4

968

744

1,734

2,240r

1,114

782

1,748

2,007

-10.4

1,291

1,270

1,304

1,268r

1,266

1,245

1,266

1,189

-6.2

202

184

196

195r

228

212

211

204

+4.2

415

401

420

414

481r

478

498

493

501

170

49

39

50

25r

37

37

34

41

+4.0 +62.2

167

144

-2.3 +39.7

166

159r

161

132

162

166

166

168

183

205

233r

247

256

273

273

+4.7 +17.2

+46.8 +21.4

1,799

2,791

2,224

2,115

2,233r

12,469

13,203

10,729

16,876

18,384r

3,064 13,177

3,565 13,426

4,242 19,667

4,322 21,127

+93.5 +14.9

+31.7

372

360

377

372

482

478

498

493

501

+4.0

30.1% 40.7% 34.3% 57.7% 41.5% 36.2% 69.5% 62.7% 50.6% 33.9%

25.9% 34.6% 26.1% 56.7% 47.1% 33.6% 69.3% 59.3% 52.2% 32.0%

17.1% 24.7% 19.8% 55.1% 42.2% 34.6% 59.1% 60.6% 42.6% 24.9%

38.5% 50.3% 46.1% 56.6% 44.7% 34.1% 61.9% 60.8% 49.0% 39.0%

40.8% 54.4% 60.6% 56.1% 44.9% 38.9% 66.6% 60.9% 51.9% 41.2%

17.6% 24.4% 29.7% 55.2% 51.1% 35.3% 66.7% 58.5% 67.3% 27.3%

16.2% 23.9% 20.6% 53.7% 46.7% 34.8% 54.1% 57.8% 73.9% 26.2%

32.6% 47.6% 46.0% 54.6% 46.2% 33.1% 66.4% 59.0% 86.0% 36.8%

38.0% 46.7% 53.8% 52.4% 45.2% 33.3% 69.7% 58.2% 88.7% 38.2%

1. Cumulative capacity at the end of the quarter/year 2. Includes the use of poultry litter and meat and bone. 3. Includes the use of straw and energy crops. Also includes enhanced co-firing (>85% biomass). 4. This is the amount of fossil fuelled capacity used for co-firing of renewables based on the proportion of generation accounted for by the renewable source over the course of the year. 5. Generation figures for the latest quarter are highly provisional, particularly for the thermal renewable technologies (such as landfill gas) in the lower half of the table. 6. Actual generation figures are given where available, but otherwise are estimated using a typical load factor or the design load factor, where known. All solar photovoltaic generation is estimated this way.

June 2015

7. For 2009, shoreline wave and tidal are included in offshore wind. 8. Biodegradable part only. 9. Non-biodegradable part of municipal solid waste plus waste tyres, hosptal waste and general industrial waste. 10. Load factors are calculated based on installed capacity at the beginning and the end of the quarter/year. These can be influenced by the time in the period when new capacity came online. Load factors on an unchanged configuration basis, which consider just those sites operational throughout the year, are available annually in table DUKES 6.5, at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/renewable-sources-of-energy-chapter-6-digest-of-united-kingdom-energy-statistics-dukes 11. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier.

151

0

June 2015

6 RENEWABLES Table 6.2. Liquid biofuels for transport consumption per cent change

2013

2013

2013

2013

2014

2014

2014

2014

2015

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st quarter

2nd quarter

3rd quarter

4th quarter

1st Quarter p

2013

2014 p

Volume (million litres) Bioethanol Biodiesel Total biofuels for transport

819 766 1,585

812 955 1,767

-0.9 +24.7 +11.5

190 128 318

203 191 394

224 221 445

202 226 428

192 195 387

206 258 464

212 273 485

Energy (thousand toe) Bioethanol Biodiesel Total biofuels for transport

462 629 1,091

458 785 1,242

-0.9 +24.7 +13.9

107 105 212

114 157 271

126 182 308

114 186 300

108 160 268

116 212 328

120 224 344

114 188 302

107 103 209

4.5% 2.8% 3.5%

4.6% 3.4% 3.9%

4.4% 2.1% 3.0%

4.3% 2.8% 3.4%

4.9% 3.2% 3.9%

4.5% 3.2% 3.7%

4.5% 3.0% 3.6%

4.5% 3.7% 4.0%

4.8% 3.9% 4.2%

4.6% 3.1% 3.7%

4.6% 1.8% 2.9%

Shares of road fuels Bioethanol as per cent of Motor Spirit Biodiesel as per cent of DERV Total biofuels as per cent of road fuels

per cent change 1

Million litres 202 229 431

189 125 314

-1.6 -35.9 -18.9

Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent

1. Percentage change between the most recent quarter and the same quarter a year earlier. Source: HM Revenue and Customs Hydrocarbon Oils Bulletin, available a www.uktradeinfo.com/Statistics/Pages/TaxAndDutybulletins.aspx

-1.6 -35.9 -22.1

48

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014

Renewable energy in 2014 Introduction This article updates the information on renewable energy published in the June 2014 edition of Energy Trends, and in the 2014 edition of the Digest of UK Energy Statistics. It also presents additional information to that provided in the “Section 6 Renewables” section of this edition of Energy Trends, including an early indication of the UK’s progress against the Renewable Energy Directive, and discusses key policies that impact on the delivery of renewable energy.

Key messages In 2014, renewable energy provisionally accounted for 7.0 per cent of final energy consumption, as measured using the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive (RED) methodology. This is an increase from the revised 2013 position of 1.4 percentage points, reflecting a significant growth in the contribution of renewable electricity whilst renewable heating and transport contributions also rose. Averaged over 2013 and 2014, The UK has now achieved 6.3 per cent renewable energy, 0.9 percentage points in excess of the interim target which was set at 5.4 per cent (see page 54). When 2013 progress against the RED was originally reported in 2014, renewable energy was 5.2 per cent of final energy consumption. This has now been revised up to 5.6 per cent following an improvement in methodologies for calculating various sources of renewable heat, the most substantial revision being to domestic wood combustion (see Renewable heat section). The amount of electricity generated from renewable sources in 2014 was 64,654 GWh, a 21 per cent increase on 2013. Plant biomass generation was the largest contributor to the overall increase in renewable electricity generation; generation increased by 4,176 GWh, 47 per cent. Generation from solar photovoltaics was 4,050 GWh in 2014, more than double the generation in 2013. Offshore wind increased by 17 per cent and onshore wind by 10 per cent, taking total wind generation to 32,016 GWh. The increases in wind generation were driven by high growth in installed capacity, as wind speeds were similar to 2013. Hydro generation increased by 1,183 GWh (25 per cent) to a record 5,885 GWh, largely due to high rainfall in the main catchment areas (see “The normalisation approach” box for detail on the impact of differing wind and rain patterns). Generation from wind represented 50 per cent of total renewable electricity generation in 2014, compared with 35 per cent for bioenergy, 9.1 per cent for hydro and 6.3 per cent for solar photovoltaics.

Chart 1: Progress against Renewable Energy Directive 20% 18% 16% Overall percentage

12%

Electricity percentage

10% 8% 6%

Heating & cooling percentage

4%

Transport percentage

2% 2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

0% 2004

Percentage

14%

49

June 2015

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 Renewable electricity generation capacity increased by 4.8 GW (24 per cent) to 24.6 GW. The main sources of this increase were solar photovoltaics (up 2.5 GW, 89 per cent), onshore wind (up 1.0 GW, 13 per cent), offshore wind (up 0.8 GW, 22 per cent), and plant biomass (up 0.3 GW, 15 per cent). Heat from renewable sources increased by 4.6 per cent during 2014 (to 2,730 ktoe). This includes heat supported by the Renewable Heat Incentive and Renewable Heat Premium Payment schemes. Renewable biofuels used for transport rose by 14 per cent (to 1,243 ktoe), accounting for 3.9 per cent by volume of road transport fuels in 2014. Bioethanol, as a proportion of motor spirit, increased slightly to 4.6 per cent, whilst biodiesel as a proportion of DERV increased by 0.6 percentage points to 3.4 per cent.

The normalisation approach Generation from wind and hydro sources are very dependent on the weather (wind speeds and rainfall). In order to negate the effects of variable generation due to weather differentials from one year to the next, the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive (RED) measure specifies the normalisation of wind and hydro generation. Normalisation is carried out by calculating generation by applying an average load factor to current capacity. For wind, the load factor is calculated as the average of the past five years (including the present one), with current capacity taken as an average of the start and end of year capacity. For hydro, the load factor is the average of the past 15 years, applied to capacity at the end of the current year. The generation figures obtained from this procedure replace the actual generation figures for wind and hydro in the RED calculation.

Renewable electricity targets Renewable electricity’s share of all electricity ranged from 17.8 per cent to 19.8 per cent, under three key measures (RED, Renewables Obligation and International Basis) in 2014. Section 6 of the March 2015 edition of Energy Trends contained provisional estimates for the international and Renewable Energy Directive (RED) measures of the share of electricity obtained from renewable sources. These data have now been revised following receipt of new data, and an additional measure, reflecting the Renewables Obligation (RO) definition, has been added. All measures are shown in Table 1 at the end of this article. On the “international definition basis” renewables provided 19.1 per cent of the electricity generated in the United Kingdom in 2014, a 4.2 percentage point increase on the 2013 proportion. Total electricity generation from renewables in 2014, as shown in Table 3 at the end of this article, amounted to 64,654 GWh, an increase of 11,377 GWh (21 per cent) on 2013. Chart 2 shows the growth in the proportion of electricity generation from renewable sources and also progress under the RO, which is measured as a proportion of UK electricity sales; the RO measure grew by 4.2 percentage points to 19.8 per cent in 2014. The RED introduced a further measure, which involves normalising wind and hydro generation over 5 and 15 year periods respectively, and measuring against gross electricity consumption. Similar wind speeds in 2014 compared to 2013 meant that normalised wind generation tended towards the non-normalised generation, whereas higher than average rainfall resulted in normalised hydro generation growing more slowly than the non-normalised measure. In 2014, the normalised electricity component of the Renewable Energy Directive increased by 4.0 percentage points, to 17.8 per cent.

June 2015

50

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 Chart 2: Growth in electricity generation from renewable sources since 2000 20 18

Percentage of electricity

16 14 12

All renewable electricity (measured as a percentage of total UK electricity generation) Renewable Obligation eligible electricity (measured as a percentage of UK electricity sales) 2009 Renewable Energy Directive normalised electricity (measured as a percentage of gross electricity consumption)

10 8 6 4 2 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

The normalised electricity component of the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive measure is also shown in Chart 2; by comparing this line with the non-normalised lines, it illustrates the impact that low wind speeds and little rain had on renewable electricity generation in 2010, and how this was reversed in 2011, returning to more normal levels in 2012. In 2013, normalisation again reduced the impact that high wind speeds had on generation and in 2014, high rainfall resulted in a similar impact.

Renewable electricity generation The largest absolute increase in generation came from plant biomass, rising by 4,176 GWh to 13,105 GWh, due to increased capacity with the conversion of a second unit at Drax Power Station from coal to dedicated biomass and also several new smaller schemes. This was partially offset by a capacity reduction at Ironbridge. Generation from solar photovoltaics rose by 2,060 GWh, to 4,050 GWh, an increase of 104 per cent. The majority of the increase was due to new capacity from larger schemes supported by the Renewables Obligation, as well as smaller schemes under the Feed in Tariff. The average sun hours per day were 4.4, just 0.2 higher than in 2013 and in line with the ten year average. Offshore wind generation increased by 1,933 GWh to 13,404 GWh (17 per cent), partly due to an increase in capacity. Onshore wind generation also increased though to a lesser extent; a 10 per cent increase on 2014 to 18,611 GWh, also mostly due to an increase in capacity; average wind speeds were largely similar in 2014 compared to 2013, at 8.6 knots. Wind speeds varied considerably across 2014, from a record low of 5.5 knots in September 2014, to a high of 13.0 knots in February 2014 (the highest since February 2002). Generation from hydro, a record, in 2014, increased by 1,183 GWh (25 per cent) on 2013, due to higher rain fall (in the main hydro catchment areas). Average monthly rainfall in 2014 was 1,522 mm compared to 1,322 mm in 2014, an increase of 15 per cent, and 6 per cent higher than the ten year mean.

51

June 2015

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 Other sources showing increases during the year included anaerobic digestion (an increase of 287 GWh, 40 per cent higher), sewage gas increased by 11 per cent to 846 GWh. Landfill gas, however, fell by 115 GWh (2 per cent) to 5,045 GWh. Onshore wind continued to be the leading individual technology for the generation of electricity from renewable sources during 2014, with 29 per cent of renewables generation coming from this source; a further 21 per cent came from offshore wind, 20 per cent from plant biomass, and 9 per cent from hydro. However the combined generation from the variety of different bioenergy sources accounted for 35 per cent of renewable generation, with plant biomass accounting for over one half of bioenergy generation (58 per cent) and landfill gas accounting for 22 per cent. Total generation from bioenergy and hydro sources were each 25 per cent higher than in 2013, while wind was 13 per cent higher. Chart 3 shows the growth in generation, by main renewable source, since 2000.

Contribution to renewable sources to electricity generated (TWh)

Chart 3: Electricity generation by main renewable source since 2000 70 Hydro

Landfill Gas

Other Bioenergy

Onshore wind

Offshore wind

Solar photovoltaics

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Note: Wind includes wave and tidal which in 2014 was 0.002 TWh

Renewable electricity capacity Total renewable electricity capacity at the end of 2014, as shown in Table 3, amounted to 24,643 MW, compared with 19,801 MW at the end of 2013; this excludes the capacity within conventional generation station that was used for co-firing (16 MW). The largest contributor towards this 24 per cent capacity increase was 2,526 MW from solar photovoltaics, 968 MW from onshore wind, and 805 from offshore wind. Plant biomass capacity increased by 289 MW, with the extra capacity from the conversion of a second unit at Drax power station and several smaller new installations exceeding a reduction in capacity at Ironbridge power station . In capacity terms, onshore wind accounted for 35 per cent of capacity, followed by solar photovoltaics at 22 per cent. Offshore winds share was 18 per cent, plant biomass 9.1 per cent, hydro was 7.0 per cent, and landfill gas 4.3 per cent.

Load factors Load factors express the average hourly quantity of electricity generated as a percentage of the average capacity at the beginning and end of the year. Load factors for most technologies are presented in Table 4. As well as the traditionally calculated load factors, additional load factors are also calculated only for those schemes that have operated throughout the calendar year with June 2015

52

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 an unchanged configuration. These differences are particularly prominent for plant biomass, where the large capacity and operational changes can alter traditionally calculated load factors. Wind speeds and rainfall levels have also had a major impact on load factors.1 Load factors in 2014, on an unchanged configuration basis, ranged from 26.4 per cent for onshore wind to 70.6 per cent for plant biomass. The load factor for hydro was 38.8 per cent, the highest since 2011.

Renewable heat Around 20 per cent of renewable sources were used to generate heat during 2014. The four categories of renewable heat production in the United Kingdom are the direct combustion of various forms of bioenergy (94 per cent of the total), active solar heating, geothermal, and heat pumps. Together they produced energy equivalent to 2,730 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (or 31.7 TWh) in 2014, a 4.6 per cent increase during the year. Using the RED methodology, renewable heat sources accounted for 4.9 per cent of total heat demand in 2014, a 0.7 percentage point increase on 2013. Renewables used to generate heat have grown in recent years, following a decline up to 2005 as a result of tighter emission controls which discouraged on-site burning of biomass, especially wood waste. Policies such as the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) and Renewable Heat Premium Payment (RHPP) schemes are designed to support renewable heat production. Around 4.5 per cent of renewable heat during 2014 was supported through the receipt of RHI payments (123 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent, or 1,427 GWh). Domestic use of wood is the main contributor to renewables used for heat – comprising around 57 per cent of the renewable heat total. Nondomestic use of wood and wood waste, and plant biomass formed the next largest components, at around 17 per cent and 14 per cent respectively. Heat pumps (mainly in the domestic sector) contributed around 4 per cent of the renewable heat total. This year, there have been significant revisions to renewable heat estimates. For domestic wood, estimates were previously based on a historic survey; however, this year, a comprehensive survey was conducted to bring the estimate into line with current wood use trends. Other smaller revisions were made to renewable heat estimates and further details will be provided in the Digest of UK Energy Statistics 2015 which will be published on 30 July 2015.

Liquid biofuels for transport Liquid biofuels for transport comprised around 9 per cent of total renewable sources. Two road transport fuels, biodiesel and bioethanol, are sold blended with diesel and petrol. Figures from HM Revenue and Customs based on road fuel taxation statistics show that 954 million litres of biodiesel and 814 million litres of bioethanol were consumed in 2014; biodiesel consumption was 24.5 per cent higher than in 2013, whilst bioethanol consumption was 0.7 per cent lower. Biodiesel has a higher energy content than bioethanol, meaning that the combined total energy content of these fuels equates to 1,243 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent, 14 per cent higher than in 2013. During 2014, biodiesel accounted for 3.4 per cent of diesel, and bioethanol 4.6 per cent of motor spirit; the combined contribution of biodiesel and bioethanol was 3.9 per cent by volume, 0.3 percentage points higher than in 2013. The Renewable Energy Directive introduced various sustainability criteria for transport biofuels; certain biofuels derived from waste products (for example, waste cooking oil) have extra weighting when monitoring progress against the transport component, but not the overall target, of the Directive.

1 The load factors reported in Table 4 draw on data on ROCs produced by Ofgem, but at the time that this article was written the ROC data for 2014 were still provisional. In particular this can have an impact on the schemes included in the unchanged configuration definition as new data could include or remove particular schemes. This should be kept in mind if users subsequently reanalyse these results.

53

June 2015

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 Chart 4: Trends in the use of renewable energy for heat, electricity, and transport

Thousand Tonnes of Oil Equivalent

16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 Used to generate heat

8,000

Used to generate electricity 6,000

Used as a transport fuel

4,000 2,000 0

All renewable fuels When renewables used for transport and heat are combined with the use of renewable sources for electricity generation, renewable sources accounted for 7.0 per cent of the United Kingdom’s total primary energy requirements in 2014, up from 5.8 per cent in 2013. Use of non-biodegradable wastes accounted for an additional 0.5 per cent of total primary energy. The trends in the use of renewable energy for transport, heat and electricity are shown in Chart 4; data are shown in Table 5 disaggregating the totals by various technologies. On the basis for measuring progress towards the Renewable Energy Directive (RED), provisionally in the UK during 2013, 7.0 per cent of final energy consumption was from renewable sources. This compares to 5.6 per cent in 2013, and 4.7 per cent in 2012. In addition to the headline figure, the RED monitors three constituent parts separately, and these are shown in Table 2. It should be noted that the overall figure is not a simple calculation based around the three constituent parts. The finalised 2014 figures for all member states will be published by Eurostat during 2016. The RED introduced interim targets for member states to achieve on their route to attaining the 2020 proportion. The second interim target, across 2013 and 2014, is 5.4 per cent, and this has now been exceeded with an average of 6.3 per cent.

EU Renewable Energy Directive In March 2007, the European Council agreed to a common strategy for energy security and tackling climate change. An element of this was establishing a target of 20 per cent of the EU's energy to come from renewable sources by 2020. During 2008, a Directive was negotiated on this basis and resulted in the agreement of country “shares” of this target being included in the final 2009 Renewable Energy Directive. For the UK, 15 per cent of final energy consumption calculated on a net calorific basis (i.e. excluding the energy required to evaporate the water content from the fuel; and as opposed to the gross basis that is generally used in presenting data in Energy Trends and the Digest of UK Energy Statistics), and with a cap on fuel used for air transport - should be accounted for by energy from renewable sources. In reporting against these measures, normalised wind and hydro is used (see “the normalisation approach” box).

June 2015

54

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 UK renewables policy The United Kingdom has a number of policy measures to further increase renewables deployment. These include: 

Putting in place appropriate financial incentives to bring forward and support the take-up of renewable energy, including the “banded” Renewables Obligation (RO), the Electricity Market Reform (EMR), Feed-in Tariffs (FiTs) for small scale (under 5 MW) electricity generation, the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) tariff domestic and non-domestic schemes, the Renewable Heat Premium Payment Scheme (for households), and the Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO);



Identifying and removing the most significant non-financial barriers to renewables deployment, including measures to improve existing grid connection arrangements; and



Overcoming supply chain blockages and promoting business opportunities in the renewables sector in the UK.

The Renewables Obligation (RO) The Renewables Obligation2 is an obligation on electricity suppliers to source a specific, and annually increasing, proportion of electricity sales from eligible renewable sources, or pay a penalty; this is intended to incentivise an increase in the level of renewable generating capacity and so contribute to our climate change targets. The Office for Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem), which administers the RO, issues Renewables Obligation Certificates (ROCs) to qualifying renewables. These certificates may be sold by generators directly to licensed electricity suppliers or traders. ROCs can be traded separately from the electricity to which they relate. Suppliers present ROCs to Ofgem to demonstrate their compliance with the obligation. When the Obligation was first introduced, 1 ROC was awarded for each MWh of renewable electricity generated. In 2009, ‘banding’ was introduced into the RO, meaning different technologies now receive different numbers of ROCs depending on their costs, relative market maturity, and potential for large scale deployment. A list of technologies eligible for the RO, details of the RO banding review, and the level of ROCs received, is available at: www.gov.uk/calculating-renewable-obligation-certificates-rocs Electricity Market Reform (EMR) EMR will replace the RO in 2017. The reforms tackle the risks and uncertainties of the underlying economics of different forms of electricity generation by offering long term contracts for low carbon energy. Companies will get, in effect, a fixed and secure price at which they can sell their electricity to consumers. This will allow investors to be confident about the returns of their capital in advance of investing billions into new infrastructure schemes. It will also encourage banks to lend at cheaper rates because the projects are less risky. Further details of the reforms are available at: www.gov.uk/government/policies/maintaining-uk-energy-security--2/supporting-pages/electricitymarket-reform Feed-in Tariffs (FiTs) Feed-in tariffs are a financial support scheme for eligible low-carbon electricity technologies, aimed at small-scale installations with a capacity of less than 5 Megawatts (MW). FiTs support new anaerobic digestion (AD), solar photovoltaic (PV), small hydro and wind, by requiring

2

The Renewables Obligation covering England and Wales and the analogous Renewables (Scotland) Obligation came into effect in April 2002. Northern Ireland introduced a similar Renewables Obligation in April 2005.

55

June 2015

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 electricity suppliers to make payments (generation tariffs) to these generators based on the number of kilowatt hours (kWh) they generate. An additional guaranteed export tariff is paid for electricity generated that is not used on site and exported to the grid. The scheme also supports micro combined heat and power installations with an electrical capacity of 2kW or less, as a pilot programme. PV installations increased rapidly at the start of the FIT scheme. The rate of increase slowed significantly after August 2012 following tariff reductions introduced after a comprehensive review of the scheme. A degression mechanism was also introduced following the comprehensive review. This cost control mechanism allows solar PV tariffs to decrease every 3 months (depending on deployment levels). Tariffs for Non-PV technologies degress every year (with a six-month contingent degression if deployment is high in the first half of the year). Tariff changes implemented as a result of the review only affect new entrants to the scheme. Policy information and statistical reports relating to FiTs can be found at: www.gov.uk/government/policies/increasing-the-use-of-low-carbon-technologies/supportingpages/feed-in-tariffs-scheme and www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energyclimate-change/series/feed-in-tariff-statistics The latest tariffs can be found on Ofgem’s website: www.ofgem.gov.uk/environmental-programmes/feed-tariff-fit-scheme/tariff-tables Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) and Renewable Heat Premium Payment The RHI scheme is a government financial incentive scheme introduced to encourage a switch to renewable heating systems in place of fossil fuels. The tariff based scheme is split into two parts:  

The non-domestic RHI scheme which has been open to commercial, industrial, public sector, not for profit and community generators of renewable heat since November 2011. The domestic RHI scheme which opened on 9 April 2014 and is available to homeowners, private and social landlords and people who build their own homes.

Further information on this scheme, including details of the technologies, can be found at: www.gov.uk/government/policies/increasing-the-use-of-low-carbon-technologies/supportingpages/renewable-heat-incentive-rhi. The RHPP voucher scheme made one-off payments to householders to help them buy renewable heating technologies. This scheme closed on the 31 March 2014 prior to the introduction of the domestic RHI scheme. Further information on the RHPP can be found at: www.gov.uk/renewableheat-premium-payment-scheme. Data and statistical reports relating to both the RHI and RHPP can be found at: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-of-energy-climate-change/series/renewableheat-incentive-renewable-heat-premium-payment-statistics.  Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO) The Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation introduced in April 2008, placed a legal requirement on transport fuel suppliers (who supply more than 450,000 litres of fossil fuel per annum to the UK market) to ensure that 4.75 per cent (by volume) of their overall fuel sales are from a renewable source by 2013/14, with incremental levels starting from 2.5 per cent (by volume) for 2008/09. The Department for Transport publish policy and statistical reports on the scheme at: www.gov.uk/government/publications/rtfo-guidance and www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-transport/series/biofuels-statistics

June 2015

56

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 Data collection The UK collection of renewable energy statistics began in 1989, when all relevant renewable energy sources were identified and, where possible, information was collected on the amounts of energy derived from each source. The Renewable Energy STATisticS (RESTATS) database now contains 26 years of data from 1989 to 2014 and this database has been used to provide the detailed figures on renewable sources of energy contained within this article and also within the forthcoming 2015 edition of the Digest of UK Energy Statistics, to be published on 30 July 2015.

Regional statistics A further renewable statistics article will be produced in the September 2015 edition of Energy Trends, containing a regional breakdown of the renewable electricity generation and capacity statistics. For further information on renewable energy statistics please contact either of the following Liz Waters DECC Renewables Statistics Tel: 0300 068 5735 E-mail: [email protected]

James Hemingway DECC Electricity Statistics Tel: 0300 068 5042 E-mail: [email protected]

57

June 2015

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 Table 1: Percentages of electricity derived from renewable Overall renewables percentage – International basis

2005

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

4.3%

6.8%

9.4%

11.3%

14.8%

19.1%

3.9%

7.0%

9.8%

11.9%

15.5%

19.8%

4.1%

7.4%

8.8%

10.7%

13.8%

17.8%

(Electricity generated from all renewables except non-biodegradable wastes, as a percentage of all electricity generated in the UK)

Percentage on a Renewables Obligation basis (Electricity generated from renewables eligible for the Renewables Obligation as a percentage of electricity sales by licensed suppliers in the UK)

Percentage on a 2009 Renewable Energy Directive basis (Normalised hydro & wind generation combined with actual generation from other sources except non-biodegradable wastes, as a percentage of UK gross electricity consumption, calculated on a net calorific value basis)

Table 2: Progress against the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive

Percentage of electricity from renewable sources (normalised)

Percentage of heating and cooling from renewable sources Percentage of transport energy from renewable sources

Overall renewable consumption as a percentage of capped gross final energy consumption using net calorific values (normalised) [not directly calculated from the three percentages above]

June 2015

58

2005

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

4.1%

7.4%

8.8%

10.7%

13.8%

17.8%

0.9%

3.0%

3.4%

3.7%

4.1%

4.8%

0.3%

3.1%

2.7%

3.7%

4.4%

4.8%

1.4%

3.8%

4.2%

4.7%

5.6%

7.0%

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 Table 3: Capacity of, and electricity generated from, renewable sources 2012

2013

2014

Onshore

5,904

7,519

8,486

Offshore

2,995

3,696

4,501

7

7

9

1,756

2,851

5,377

Installed Capacity (MWe) Wind:

Shoreline wave / tidal Solar photovoltaics Hydro: Small scale Large scale (1)

218

231

246

1,477

1,477

1,477

Bioenergy: Landfill gas

1,037

1,043

1,051

Sewage sludge digestion

204

198

208

Energy from waste (2)

517

550

696

Animal Biomass (non-AD)(3)

111

111

111

Anaerobic digestion

119

164

216

1,171

1,955

2,244

3,159

4,021

4,526

15,515

19,801

24,623

204

35

16

Plant Biomass (4) Total bioenergy and wastes

Total Co-firing (5)

Generation (GWh) Wind:



Onshore (6) Offshore



16,950

18,611

7,603

11,472

13,404

4

6

2

1,352

1,989

4,050

Shoreline wave / tidal (7) Solar photovoltaics



12,232



Hydro:





Small scale (6)

654

676

832

Large scale (1)

4,631

4,026

5,053

5,145

5,160

5,045

719

761

846

Biodegradable energy from waste (8)

1,774

1,649

1,950

Co-firing with fossil fuels

133

Bioenergy: Landfill gas Sewage sludge digestion

1,783

309

Animal Biomass (3)

643

628

614

Anaerobic digestion

501

722

1,009

4,083

8,929

13,105

Total bioenergy

Plant Biomass (4)

14,648

18,159

22,702

Total generation

41,124

53,277

64,654

1,429

1,481

1,951

33,406

44,948

52,745

Non-biodegradable energy from wastes (9) Total generation from sources eligible for the Renewable Obligation (10) (1)

Excluding pumped storage stations. Capacities are as at the end of December.

(2)

Includes capacity for municipal solid waste, waste tyres, hospital waste, and general industrial waste.

(3)

Includes the use of poultry litter and meat & bone.

(4)

Includes the use of straw combustion and short rotation coppice energy crops.

(5)

This is the proportion of fossil fuelled capacity used for co-firing of renewables based on

(6)

Actual generation figures are given where available, but otherwise are estimated using a

(7)

Includes electricity from the EMEC test facility.

the proportion of generation accounted for by the renewable source. typical load factor or the design load factor, where known. (8)

Biodegradable part only.

(9)

Non-biodegradable part of municipal solid waste plus waste tyres, hospital waste and general industrial waste.

(10) See page 54 for definition and coverage.

59

June 2015

Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 Table 4: Load factors for renewable electricity generation Per cent

Load factors - based on average beginning and end of year capacity (1) Wind

2012

2013

2014

29.4

32.3

30.2

Onshore wind

26.4

28.9

26.5

Offshore wind

35.8

39.1

37.3

8.3

9.6

3.2

Solar photovoltaics

11.2

9.9

11.2

Hydro

Marine energy (wave and tidal stream)

35.7

31.6

39.2

Hydro (small scale)

35.5

34.4

39.8

Hydro (large scale)

35.7

31.1

39.1

46.9

56.8

60.3

Landfill gas

56.1

56.6

55.0

Sewage sludge digestion

40.7

43.2

47.5

Energy from waste (3)

39.5

35.3

35.8

Animal Biomass (4)

66.2

64.9

63.4

Anaerobic Digestion

60.3

58.3

60.5

Plant Biomass (5)

40.1

65.2

71.2

All renewable technologies (excluding cofiring and non-biodegradable wastes)

32.3

34.3

33.1

Load factors - for schemes operating on an unchanged configuration basis (2) Wind

Bioenergy (excludes cofiring and non-biodegradable wastes)

28.1

31.0

30.2

Onshore wind

25.6

27.9

26.4

Offshore wind

34.1

37.6

37.7

35.3

31.5

38.8

Hydro (small scale)

36.7

35.2

39.6

Hydro (large scale)

35.1

31.2

38.8

63.5

59.9

65.2

Landfill gas

58.8

57.0

55.3

Sewage sludge digestion

48.0

50.2

49.9

Energy from waste (3)

40.1

34.7

34.8

Animal Biomass (4)

66.2

70.4

63.4

Anaerobic Digestion

60.6

60.7

59.3

Plant Biomass (5)

67.2

61.6

70.6

36.2

35.5

39.3

Hydro

Bioenergy (excludes cofiring and non-biodegradable wastes)

All renewable technologies (excluding cofiring and non-biodegradable wastes) (1) Calculated as the average hourly quantity of electricity generated as a percentage of the average capacity at the beginning and end of the year. (2) Load factors calculated as above but restricted to those schemes that have operated throughout the calendar year with an unchanged configuration. (3)

Calculation is based on biodegradable energy from waste generation but all

energy from waste capacity; this reduces the load factor. (4)

Includes the use of poultry litter and meat & bone.

(5)

Includes the use of straw combustion and short rotation coppice energy crops.

June 2015

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Special feature – Renewable energy in 2014 Table 5: Renewable sources used to generate electricity and heat, and for transport fuels (1) (2) Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent Used to generate electricity (3) Wind: Onshore Offshore Shoreline wave/Tidal (4) Solar photovoltaics Hydro: Small scale Large scale (5) Bioenergy: Landfill gas Sewage sludge digestion Municipal solid waste combustion (6) Co-firing with fossil fuels Animal Biomass (7) AD Plant Biomass (8) Total bioenergy Total Non-biodegradable wastes (9) Used to generate heat Active solar heating Bioenergy: Landfill gas Sewage sludge digestion Wood combustion - domestic Wood combustion - industrial Animal Biomass (10) AD Plant Biomass (11) Municipal solid waste combustion (6) Total bioenergy Geothermal aquifers Heat Pumps (12) Total Non-biodegradable wastes (9) Renewable sources used as transport biofuels as Bioethanol as Biodiesel Total Total use of renewable sources and wastes Solar heating and photovoltaics Onshore wind Offshore wind Shoreline wave/Tidal (4) Hydro Bioenergy: Geothermal aquifers Heat Pumps Transport biofuels Total Non-biodegradable wastes (9) All renewables and wastes (13)

2012

2013

2014

1,705.5 1,051.8 653.8 0.3 116.3 454.4 56.2 398.2

2,443.8 1,457.4 986.4 0.5 171.1 404.3 58.1 346.2

2,752.9 1,600.3 1,152.6 0.2 348.2 506.0 71.5 434.5

1,687.6 235.9 638.5 400.5 225.0 164.3 1,062.3 4,414.1 6,690.6 520.3

1,692.4 249.6 564.7 53.7 226.4 236.8 2,009.1 5,032.7 8,052.3 513.1

1,654.6 277.4 551.1 25.1 224.8 330.8 2,912.9 5,976.8 9,584.1 557.4

47.8

50.1

52.1

13.6 63.7 1,392.3 289.5 31.5 14.5 276.6 29.8 2,111.5 0.8 68.4 2,228.4 144.1

13.6 68.3 1,626.7 342.9 29.1 18.7 340.9 30.1 2,470.2 0.8 88.2 2,609.3 155.0

13.6 67.7 1,554.4 459.4 34.5 43.0 373.1 23.3 2,569.1 0.8 107.6 2,729.6 159.3

436.9 520.9 957.8

462.2 629.4 1,091.6

458.8 783.8 1,242.7

164.0 1,051.8 653.8 0.3 454.4 6,525.6 0.8 68.4 957.8 9,876.9 664.4 10,541.2

221.2 1,457.4 986.4 0.5 404.3 7,502.8 0.8 88.2 1,091.6 11,753.2 668.1 12,421.3

400.3 1,600.3 1,152.6 0.2 506.0 8,545.9 0.8 107.6 1,242.7 13,556.4 716.7 14,273.1

(1) Includes some waste of fossil fuel origin. (2) See paragraphs 6.39 to 6.74 of the 2014 Digest of UK Energy Statistics for technical notes and definitions of the categories used in this table. (3) For wind, solar PV and hydro, the figures represent the energy content of the electricity supplied but for biomass the figures represent the energy content of the fuel used. (4) Includes the EMEC test facility (5) Excluding pumped storage stations. (6) Biodegradable part only. (7) Includes electricity from poultry litter combustion and meat & bone combustion (8) Includes electricity from straw and energy crops. (9) Non-biodegradable part of municipal solid waste plus waste tyres, hospital waste, and general industrial waste. (10) Includes heat from farm waste digestion, meat and bone combustion and sewage sludge combustion. (11) Includes heat from straw, energy crops, paper and packaging. (12) Includes heat pumps for the first time (13) The figures in this row correspond to the total demand and total supply figures in Tables 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3.

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June 2015

Special feature – Fuel Poverty levels

Fuel Poverty levels in England, 2013 Fuel poverty in England is measured using the Low Income High Costs (LIHC) indicator. In March 2015 the Government published ‘Cutting the cost of keeping warm: a fuel poverty strategy for England’1, setting out in detail its statutory target to raise as many fuel poor homes in England as is reasonably practicable to Band C by 2030. The strategy also set out interim milestones to lift as many fuel poor homes in England as is reasonably practicable to Band E by 2020 and Band D by 2025, alongside a strategic approach to developing policy to make progress towards those targets. Under the Low Income High Costs definition, a household is considered to be fuel poor if: • •

they have required fuel costs that are above average (the national median level); were they to spend that amount, they would be left with a residual income below the official poverty line.

The Low Income High Costs indicator consists of two components: • •

the number of households that have both low incomes and high fuel costs (shown by the shaded area in bottom left hand quadrant in Figure 1 below); and the depth of fuel poverty amongst these fuel poor households. This is measured through a fuel poverty gap (shown by the vertical arrow) which represents the difference between the required fuel costs for each household and the median required fuel costs.

The fuel poverty gap for each individual household is then aggregated across all fuel poor households to produce an overall fuel poverty gap which gives a sense of the depth of fuel poverty on a national level.

Figure 1: Fuel poverty under the Low Income High Costs indicator

Headline figures In 2013, the number of households in fuel poverty in England was estimated at around 2.35 million, representing approximately 10.4 per cent of all English households. This is broadly unchanged from 2.36 million households in 2012 (a change of around 0.5 per cent). The aggregate fuel 1

www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/408644/cutting_the_cost_of_keeping_warm.pdf

June 2015

62

Special feature – Fuel Poverty levels poverty gap fell by four per cent in real terms, from £909 million in 2012 to £877 in 2013, and the average fuel poverty gap also fell, in real terms, from £385 to £375.

Chart 1: Fuel poverty in England, 2003 – 2013 Aggregate fuel poverty gap: 2013 prices (£ million) 1200

2.0

800

1.0

400

0.0

0

Aggregate fuel poverty gap in 2013 prices (£ million)

Number of households fuel poor (millions)

Fuel poor households (millions) 3.0

Years

In 2014 Government set a target to improve the energy efficiency of fuel poor homes, by getting as many households as reasonably practicable to a minimum standard of band C by 2030. Table 1 shows fuel poor households by the Fuel Poverty Energy Efficiency rating2 of their dwellings. As can be seen, the proportion of fuel poor households in band C has increased from two to five per cent between 2010 and 2013. There has also been an increase in the proportion of households in band D and a reduction in fuel poor households in bands E and F.

Table 1: Fuel Poverty by the FP Energy Efficiency Rating, 2010- 2013 2010 Band A/B C D E F G Total

2013

Number

Proportions

Number

Proportions

0.04 0.69 1.23 0.39 0.14 2.49

2% 28% 49% 16% 6% 100.0%

0.11 1.09 0.84 0.23 0.08 2.35

5% 46% 36% 10% 3% 100%

Interpreting Fuel poverty The fuel poverty status of a household is driven by an interaction of three key factors: incomes, fuel prices and energy efficiency.

Income In 2013, average median full income (before housing costs) continued to increase. However, as the chart below shows, this increase was not evenly spread across the income decile groups. Those households in the lower income deciles saw a greater rise in their income than those in the higher income deciles. 2 For details on the Fuel Poverty Energy Efficiency Rating Methodology see: www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/332236/fpeer_methodology.pdf

63

June 2015

Special feature – Fuel Poverty levels Chart 2: Annual percentage change in median full income by income deciles, 2012 – 2013

Percentage change in median full income 2012-2013

5%

4%

3%

2%

1%

0% 1st decile

2nd

Lowest income decile

3rd

4th

5th

6th

Full income deciles

7th

8th

9th

10th decile Highest income decile

Households in the lower income deciles are predominantly in receipt of state benefit, tax credits and housing related income. In contrast, incomes of households in the higher deciles are dominated by earnings. As a result, increases in state benefits and housing income are a major factor behind income rises in the lower deciles, whilst in general earnings saw smaller increases, affecting the incomes of households in the higher income deciles. Household income is made up of various elements, including benefits, earnings and income from additional adults. In 2013 there has been an increase in income from additional adults in the household, across all deciles, reflecting the growth in multi-person households. Under the LIHC indicator, housing costs are taken off the income of each household. This is to reflect that money spent on housing costs cannot be spent on fuel. Once housing costs are deducted, incomes are then equivalised to reflect the fact that different household types will have different spending requirements. For example, a single person on a given income will usually have more disposable income than a family of four on the same income. In the past, households in the lower income deciles have seen smaller increases in AHC equivalised income, as they are most likely to have housing costs. However, in 2013 households in the lower deciles have seen a larger increase in AHC equivalised income. This is because median housing costs for the bottom decile have risen by just 0.6 per cent between 2012 and 2013, compared to 4.0 per cent for the population as a whole. Moreover, rent payments for the bottom decile have risen by just two per cent. This coupled with an increase in the proportion of households renting in the bottom decile (from 68 to 74 per cent), has led to income increases outstripping the rise in housing costs.

June 2015

64

Special feature – Fuel Poverty levels

Percentaqge change in median income 2012-2013

Chart 3: Annual percentage change in median AHC equivalised income by income deciles, 2012 – 2013 6%

4%

2%

0% 1st decile

2nd

3rd

Lowest income decile

4th

5th

6th

7th

8th

9th

10th decile Highest income decile

AHC equivalised income deciles

An increase in equivalised AHC income for households in the very bottom decile is however unlikely to have a large impact under the LIHC indicator, as despite their income increasing they are still likely to be classed as having ‘low incomes’.

Prices Historically there has been a strong relationship between fuel prices and the aggregate fuel poverty gap as can be seen by Chart 4. As prices increased steadily between 2003 and 2009, the fuel poverty gap also increased; and when prices fell sharply in 2010, the aggregate fuel poverty gap showed a corresponding reduction

Chart 4: Aggregate fuel poverty gap and real term fuel prices, 2003 – 2013 Fuel prices: real term 180

800

120

400

60

0

Real term fuel prices index (1996=100)

Aggregate fuel poverty gap (£millions)

Aggregate fuel poverty gap (£million): real terms 1200

0 2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

However, despite rising fuel prices in 2013, both the aggregate and average fuel poverty gap fell. This is largely due to rising incomes among the low income group, which helped to temper any increase in fuel costs. This effectively moved fuel poor households closer to the income threshold

65

June 2015

Special feature – Fuel Poverty levels (Figure 1). In addition, the fuel costs of the LIHC group increased by less than the overall median fuel costs, bringing them closer to the fuel cost threshold. It should be noted that the correlation between prices and fuel poverty is weakened by the fact that each fuel poverty dataset is actually a combination of two consecutive years’ worth of data (i.e. the 2013 data is a combination of 2012/13 and 2013/14 data).

Energy Efficiency The energy efficiency of a dwelling is a key driver of the likelihood of a household being fuel poor, as it is strongly linked to the fuel cost incurred by a household. The average energy efficiency of households, as indicated by the SAP 12 continued to increase in 2013, rising to 60 from 58.7 in 2012. In line with this, a greater proportion of dwellings are now classed SAP band D or above (75% of dwellings in 2013 compared to 69% in 2012 and 64% in 2011). Chart 5 shows the fuel poverty rates by different SAP rating bands (based on SAP12 methodology) under the low income high cost indicator.

Chart 5: Fuel poverty by SAP band, 2013 Mean fuel poverty gap

35%

1,400

30%

1,200

25%

1,000

20%

800

15%

600

10%

400

5%

200

0%

Average (mean) fuel poverty gap (£)

Proportion of households fuel poor (%)

Percentage in fuel poverty

0 G

F

E SAP Band

D

A-C

It can be seen that both the likelihood of being fuel poor and the fuel poverty gap increase in the lower SAP bands. In 2013, 31 per cent of households living in G rated properties were fuel poor compared to only two and nine per cent of households living in A/B/C and D rated properties respectively. The corresponding average fuel poverty gap is also three and half times higher in G rated properties compared to A/B/C rated properties and six times higher than in D rated properties (with an average fuel poverty gap of around £1274 in G rated properties compared to £370 in A/B/C rated properties and £209 in D rated properties. In addition, in 2013 there were some methodological changes to the English Housing Survey which may have caused some of the reduction in the fuel poverty gap (see the full report section 1.5.2 for more details).

Weather Fuel poverty is calculated using standardised temperatures over a 20 year period, in order to be able to assess long term changes and identify where improvements can be made. However, for 2013 some additional analysis was undertaken looking at the impact of using actual annual temperature data on fuel poverty. It was found the number of households in fuel poverty would have been 2.42 million in 2013, using 2012 and 2013 temperature data. The aggregate and average gap would also have increased by 12 and nine per cent respectively (Chart 6). June 2015

66

Specia al feature – Fuel Povverty levelss Mean and aggregate fuel gap p for 2013 for averag ge and acttual tempe erature Chart 6: M model runs.

However, predicting the impact of weather on fuel poverty p is complex c du ue to the fa act the fuell ataset cove ers a two year y period d. Whilst it is likely th hat a colde er year will see more e poverty da households move into o fuel pove erty and the e fuel poverrty gap increase, it is plausible p th hat differentt nd local tem mperature efffects may actually a lead to a small fall in fuel poverty. regional an

Summary y Due to the e relative na ature of the LIHC meassure, it is diifficult to ac ccurately iso olate absolu ute reasons s for change es. Howeve er, in summa ary, low inccome house eholds have e seen large er rises in in ncomes and d a smaller increase in fuel costs, than the ovverall population. The rise in inco omes has la argely been n hanged the eir fuel pove erty status,, concentratted in very low income househollds and so has not ch resulting in n the numbe er of fuel po oor househo olds staying g broadly the e same. omes and improveme ents in ene ergy efficien ncy among gst fuel poo or househo olds, and a Rising inco smaller inccrease in fu uel bills than experienc ced in the population p as a whole e has meant there has s been a deccrease in th he fuel pove erty aggrega ate and ave erage gap. Elizabeth Vincent Fuel Poverrty statisticss Tel: 0300 0 068 5162 E-mail: [email protected] Liz Whitin ng Fuel Poverrty statisticss Tel: 0300 0 068 5435 E-mail: Lizz.Whiting@d decc.gsi.govv.uk

67

June 2015 5

Special feature – Energy Consumption in the UK

Energy Consumption in the United Kingdom: publication of data Energy consumption in the UK (ECUK) consists of five factsheets and a comprehensive set of tables containing the actual datasets. The five fact sheets relate to Overall Energy, Transport, Domestic, Industrial and Services consumption. They provide a brief overview of the trends and some key drivers that have influenced energy consumption in the UK since 1970. The overall consumption data are sourced from The Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES) and provide tables based on both primary energy (including conversion losses), and final end use. More disaggregated breakdowns are based on various additional sources and either modelled or interpolated. The majority of tables are reliant on DUKES data or other readily available data sources so the bulk of the tables will be published alongside DUKES on 30 July 2015. However, DECC is currently undertaking a Business Energy Efficiency Survey (BEES), the results of which will provide additional evidence for certain ECUK tables, notably in the services sector. The results of this survey will not be available for analysis until later in 2015 or early 2016, and so these tables will not be updated for the main release on 30 July; 

Service sector energy consumption by sub-sector and end use by fuel



Final energy consumption in the service sector by sub-sector and end use



Service sector final energy consumption by sub-sector and end use, by fuel

Table 1.07, “Overall energy consumption for heat and other end uses by fuel 2014” will be updated using current methodologies for estimating services consumption as this table provides the overall sector breakdown and is a key table. This will be revised along with the other services tables later in 2015 or early 2016.

Liz Waters DECC Statistics Tel: 0300 068 5735 E-mail: [email protected]

June 2015

68

Special feature – Recent and forthcoming publications

Recent and forthcoming publications of interest to users of energy statistics Smart Meters quarterly statistics This quarterly publication provides estimates of the number of Smart Meters installed and operating in homes and businesses in Great Britain. The latest release, covering estimates of the number of Smart Meters deployed up to the end of March 2015, was published on 11 June 2015 at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/smart-meters-statistics

Green Deal and ECO monthly and quarterly statistics These publications provide estimates of various elements of the rollout of the Green Deal and ECO policy, including number of assessments, plans, and measures installed. The latest releases were published on 18 June 2015 at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/green-deal-and-energy-company-obligation-eco-statistics

Estimates of home insulation levels in Great Britain This quarterly publication, released alongside the quarterly Green Deal and ECO statistics, provides estimates of the number of homes in Great Britain with cavity wall insulation, loft insulation and solid wall insulation. The latest release, detailing estimates of home insulation levels in Great Britain: March 2015, was published on 18 June 2015 at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/green-deal-and-energy-company-obligation-eco-statistics

Sub-national road transport consumption during 2013 This annual publication provides estimates of road transport fuel consumption in the United Kingdom, by vehicle and fuel type. Data for 2013 will be released on 25 June 2015 at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/road-transport-consumption-at-regional-and-local-level

National Energy Efficiency Data-framework 2015 This publication presents analysis from the National Energy Efficiency Data-Framework (NEED). It provides updated domestic energy consumption results to include 2013 gas and electricity consumption data. It also includes updated estimates of the impact of installing energy efficiency measures on a household’s gas consumption for measures installed in 2012. The publication will be released on 25 June 2015 at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/national-energy-efficiency-data-need-framework

Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics This annual publication provides essential information for everyone involved in energy, from economists to environmentalists, and from energy suppliers to energy users. The 2015 edition will be published on 30 July 2015. With extensive tables, charts and commentary covering all the major aspects of energy, it provides a detailed and comprehensive picture of energy production and use over the last 5 years. It will be available to purchase from The Stationery Office, and it can also be accessed for free on the Internet (along with additional annexes and key series back to 1970) at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/digest-of-uk-energy-statistics-dukes

UK Energy in Brief This annual publication summarises the latest statistics on energy production, consumption, prices and climate change in the United Kingdom. The figures are primarily taken from the Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics (see above). The 2015 edition will be published on 30 July 2015 and will be available free from DECC. It can also be accessed on the Internet at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-energy-in-brief

Energy Flow Chart This annual publication illustrates the flow of primary fuels from home production and imports to their eventual final uses. The flows are shown in their original state and after being converted into different kinds of energy by the secondary fuel producers, and are measured in million tonnes of oil

69

June 2015

Special feature – Recent and forthcoming publications equivalent, with the widths of the bands approximately proportional to the size of the flows they represent. The 2015 edition of the chart, showing the flows for 2014, will be published on 30 July 2015. The Chart will be available free from DECC and it can also be accessed on the Internet at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-flow-charts

Sub-national consumption of other fuels, 2013 This factsheet presents the findings of the residual fuels sub–national energy consumption analysis in the UK for the period covering 1 January to 31 December 2013. Other fuels are defined as non-gas, non-electricity and non-road transport fuels, and cover consumption of coal, petroleum, manufactured solid fuels and bioenergy and waste not used for electricity generation or road transport. The release will be published on 24 September 2015 at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/sub-national-consumption-of-other-fuels

Sub-national total final energy consumption, 2013 This factsheet presents the findings of the sub–national energy consumption analysis in the UK for all fuels, for the period covering 1 January to 31 December 2013. The release will be published on 24 September 2015 at: www.gov.uk/government/collections/total-final-energy-consumption-at-sub-national-level

June 2015

70

Explanatory notes General

Symbols used in the tables

More detailed notes on the methodology used to compile the figures and data sources are available on the DECC section of the gov.uk website.

.. p r e

not available nil or not separately available provisional revised; where a column or row shows ‘r’ at the beginning, most, but not necessarily all, of the data have been revised. estimated; totals of which the figures form a constituent part are therefore partly estimated

Notes to tables

Conversion factors

 Figures for the latest periods and the corresponding averages (or totals) are provisional and are liable to subsequent revision.  The figures have not been adjusted for temperature or seasonal factors except where noted.  Due to rounding the sum of the constituent items may not equal the totals.  Percentage changes relate to the corresponding period a year ago. They are calculated from unrounded figures but are shown only as (+) or (-) when the percentage change is very large.  Quarterly figures relate to calendar quarters.  All figures relate to the United Kingdom unless otherwise indicated.

1 tonne of crude oil = 1 tonne = 1 gallon (UK) = 1 kilowatt (kW) = 1 megawatt (MW) = 1 gigawatt (GW) = 1 terawatt (TW) =

 Further information on Oil and Gas is available at: www.gov.uk/browse/business/g enerating-energy/oil-and-gasexploration-and-production

7.55 barrels 1,000 kilograms 4.54609 litres 1,000 watts 1,000 kilowatts 1,000 megawatts 1,000 gigawatts

All conversion of fuels from original units to units of energy is carried out on the basis of the gross calorific value of the fuel. More detailed information on conversion factors and calorific values is given in Annex A of the Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics.

Conversion matrices To convert from the units on the left hand side to the units across the top multiply by the values in the table. To:

Thousand toe

From Thousand toe Terajoules (TJ) Gigawatt hours (GWh) Million therms

Multiply by 1 0.023885 0.085985 2.5200

To:

Tonnes of oil equivalent

From Tonnes of oil equivalent Gigajoules (GJ) Kilowatt hours (kWh) Therms

Multiply by 1 0.023885 0.000085985 0.0025200

Terajoules

GWh

Million therms

41.868 1 3.6000 105.51

11.630 0.27778 1 29.307

0.39683 0.0094778 0.034121 1

Gigajoules

kWh

Therms

41.868 1 0.003600 0.105510

11,630 277.78 1 29.307

396.83 9.4778 0.034121 1

Note that all factors are quoted to 5 significant figures

Abbreviations

Sectoral breakdowns

ATF

The categories for final consumption by user are defined by the Standard Industrial Classification 2007, as follows:

CCGT DERV LNG MSF NGLs UKCS

Aviation turbine fuel Combined cycle gas turbine Diesel engined road vehicle Liquefied natural gas Manufactured solid fuels Natural gas liquids United Kingdom continental shelf

Fuel producers Final consumers Iron and steel Other industry Transport Other final users Agriculture Commercial Public administration Other services Domestic

05-07, 09, 19, 24.46, 35 24 (excluding 24.4, 24.53 and 24.54) 08, 10-18, 20-23, 24.4 (excluding 24.46), 24.53, 24.54, 25-33, 36-39, 41-43 49-51 01-03 45-47, 52-53, 55-56, 58-66, 68-75, 77-82 84-88 90-99 Not covered by SIC 2007

© Crown ccopyright 2015 De epartmen nt of Enerrgy & Clim mate Cha ange 3 Whitehalll Place Lo ondon SW W1A 2AW W ww ww.gov.u uk/decc URN 15D/7 79B