EU Energy Statistical Pocketbook - European Commission - Europa EU

ISSN 2363-247X

EU

energy in figures

Statistical pocketbook 2017

Energy

Printed by Bietlot in Belgium Manuscript completed in 07/2017 Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017 © European Union, 2017 Reuse is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of European Commission documents is regulated by Decision 2011/833/EU (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Credits all images ©Shutterstock For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the EU copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Print ISBN 978-92-79-70448-2 ISSN 1977-4559 doi:10.2833/16497 MJ-AB-17-001-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-79-70449-9 ISSN 2363-247X doi:10.2833/80717 MJ-AB-17-001-EN-N Epub ISBN 978-92-79-70231-0 ISSN 2363-247X doi:10.2833/743352 MJ-AB-17-001-EN-E

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2017

Introduction The energy sector is one of the pillars of growth, competitiveness and development for modern economies. To keep up with the ongoing transformation of the energy sector in Europe, we need data that is accurate and up-to-date. This publication provides an overview of the most relevant annual energyrelated statistics for the European Union as a whole and for each of its Member States. The data contained in this pocketbook is drawn from several sources: from the European Commission’s services, from international organisations such as the European Environment Agency and the International Energy Agency and also from the European Commission’s estimates when other data is unavailable. The publication is divided into five parts: Part 1. Energy overview at global and EU levels. Part 2. Main energy indicators, at EU and Member States levels. Part 3. Socio-economic indicators in the EU. Part 4. Impact of the energy sector on the environment. Part 5. Country profiles – Main energy indicators. Indicators have been calculated using the methodology established by the European Commission – DG Energy. The appendices include a glossary and methodological notes. This publication was produced using the most recently available data. Corrections and updates will be published at: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/ en/data-analysis/energy-statistical-pocketbook Recommended sources of data: European Commission websites: DG Energy Pocketbook: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/energy-statistical-pocketbook Country statistics: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/country Energy data and analysis: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis Eurostat Eurostat Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database DG Economic and Financial Affairs AMECO: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/ameco/index_en.htm DG Climate Action Climate strategies, targets and progress reports: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/index_en.htm Websites of other organisations: European Environment Agency Data and maps: http://www.eea.europa.eu/ International Energy Agency Statistics and balances: http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp Please send your comments on this publication and suggestions for improvement to [email protected], with the word ‘Pocketbook’ in the subject line. 1


Summary PART 1 Overview 1.1

1.2

1.3

Energy in the World (Overview) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10 1.1.1

World Energy Production by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10

1.1.2

World Energy Production by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11

1.1.3

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12

1.1.4

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13

1.1.5

World Final Energy Consumption by Region� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14

1.1.6

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15

1.1.7

World Electricity Generation by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16

1.1.8

World Heat Generation by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17

1.1.9

World CO 2 Emissions by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18

1.1.10

World CO 2 Intensity by Region� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19

Energy in the EU (Overview) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20 1.2.1

EU-28 Energy Flow – 1995 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20

1.2.2

EU-28 Energy Flow – 2015 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 21

1.2.3

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22

1.2.4

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 24

1.2.5

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 25

1.2.6

EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26

EU 2020 Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27 1.3.1

Renewable Energy Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27

1.3.2

Renewable Energy Shares � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29

1.3.3

GHG Emissions Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 30

PART 2 Energy in the EU 2.1

2.2

2

Energy Supply � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 35 2.1.1

Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 35

2.1.2

Net Imports� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 38

2.1.3

Gross Inland Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 41

Energy Imports � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 45 2.2.1

Imports – Solid Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 45

2.2.2

Imports – Petroleum and Products � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50

2.2.3

Imports – Gases � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 55

2.2.4

Imports – Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 59

2.2.5

Imports by Country of Origin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 63


2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

Energy Import Dependency� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 66 2.3.1

Import Dependency – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 66

2.3.2

Import Dependency – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 67

2.3.3

Import Dependency – Solid Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 68

2.3.4

Import Dependency – Hard Coal � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 69

2.3.5

Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 70

2.3.6

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 71

2.3.7

Import Dependency – Natural Gas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 72

Energy Transformation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 73 2.4.1

Transformation Input – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 73

2.4.2

Transformation Input – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 74

2.4.3

Transformation Input – By Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 75

2.4.4

Transformation Output – All Fuels� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 76

2.4.5

Transformation Output – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 77

2.4.6

Transformation Output – By Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 78

Final Energy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79 2.5.1

Primary Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79

2.5.2

Available for Final Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 80

2.5.3

Final Non-Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 81

2.5.4

Final Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 82

Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 86 2.6.1

Installed Electricity Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 86

2.6.2

Gross Electricity Generation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 89

2.6.3

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 94

Solar and Wind Energy� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 95 2.7.1

Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 95

2.7.2

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 97

2.7.3

Wind Gross Electricity Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 99

2.7.4

Wind Penetration Level � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 100

2.7.5

Wind Capacity Factor � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 101

2.7.6

Solar Collectors’ Surface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 102

2.7.7

Solar Installed Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 103

2.7.8

Solar Gross Electricity Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 104

2.7.9

Solar Penetration Level� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 105

3


2.8

2.9

CHP � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 106 2.8.1

CHP Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 106

2.8.2

CHP Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 107

2.8.3

CHP Electricity and Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 108

Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 109 2.9.1

Gross Heat Generation� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 109

2.10 Transport� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 112 2.10.1

Fuels Final Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 112

2.10.2

Biofuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 113

2.11 Energy Efficiency� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115 2.11.1

Energy Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115

2.11.2

Energy Consumption per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 116

2.11.3

Final Electricity Consumption per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 117

2.11.4

Primary Energy Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 118

2 .11 .5

Carbon Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 119

2.12 RES Indicators � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 120 2.12.1

RES Shares � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 120

2.13 Energy Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 123 2.13.1

Prices of Transport Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 123

2.13.2

Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 126

2.13.3

Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 128

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.1

Classification of the Energy Sector� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 134 3.1.1

3.2

3.3

4

Comparative Table � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 134

Enterprises in the Energy Sector� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 135 3.2.1

Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 135

3.2.2

Turnover in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 139

3.2.3

Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector 143

Economy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 147 3.3.1

GDP at Current Market Prices� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 147

3.3.2

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 148

3.3.3

GDP at 2010 Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 149

3.3.4

GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 150


3.4

Demography � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 151 3.4.1

3.5

Population � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 151

Employment� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 152 3.5.1

Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15-64 years) � � � 152

3.5.2

Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 153

3.5.3

Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 154

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU 4.1

4.2

Gases Emissions� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 158 4.1.1

GHGs Emissions� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 158

4.1.2

CO 2 Emissions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 163

Main Emissions Indicators � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 168 4.2.1

CO 2 per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 168

4.2.2

Carbon GDP Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 169

PART 5 Country Profiles 5.0

European Union 28 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 174

5.1

Belgium � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 176

5.2

Bulgaria� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 178

5.3

Czech Republic � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 180

5.4

Denmark � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 182

5.5

Germany � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 184

5.6

Estonia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 186

5.7

Ireland� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 188

5.8

Greece � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 190

5.9

Spain � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 192

5.10 France � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 194 5.11 Croatia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 196 5.12 Italy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 198 5.13 Cyprus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 200 5.14 Latvia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 202 5.15 Lithuania � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 204

5


5.16 Luxembourg � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 206 5.17 Hungary� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 208 5.18 Malta� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 210 5.19 The Netherlands� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 212 5.20 Austria � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 214 5.21 Poland � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 216 5.22 Portugal � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 218 5.23 Romania � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 220 5.24 Slovenia� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 222 5.25 Slovak Republic � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 224 5.26 Finland � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 226 5.27 Sweden� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 228 5.28 United Kingdom� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 230

Appendices Appendices Methodology � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 236 Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 236 Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 237 Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 238 Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 239 Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 240 Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 241 Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 242 Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 243 Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 244 Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 245 Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 246

Appendix Glossary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 247 Appendix 12 – Glossary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 247

Appendix Notes� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 257 Appendix 13 – Notes� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 257

Notes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 262

6

Overview

1

PART

PART 1 Overview


Summary 1.1

1.2

1.3

Energy in the World (Overview) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10 1.1.1

World Energy Production by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 10

1.1.2

World Energy Production by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11

1.1.3

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 12

1.1.4

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 13

1.1.5

World Final Energy Consumption by Region� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 14

1.1.6

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 15

1.1.7

World Electricity Generation by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 16

1.1.8

World Heat Generation by Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17

1.1.9

World CO 2 Emissions by Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 18

1.1.10

World CO 2 Intensity by Region� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 19

Energy in the EU (Overview) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20 1.2.1

EU-28 Energy Flow – 1995 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 20

1.2.2

EU-28 Energy Flow – 2015 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 21

1.2.3

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 22

1.2.4

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 24

1.2.5

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 25

1.2.6

EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 26

EU 2020 Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27 1.3.1

Renewable Energy Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 27

1.3.2

Renewable Energy Shares � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29

1.3.3

GHG Emissions Targets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 30

9

PART 1 Overview

1.1 Energy in the World (Overview) 1.1.1 World Energy Production by Region

(Mtoe) EU-28

1995 967

2000 950

2005 909

2010 843

China United States Middle East Asia* Russia Africa Rest of the World World

1 064 1 659 1 137 934 968 773 1 760 9 263

1 124 1 667 1 324 1 062 978 885 2 038 10 028

1 671 1 631 1 516 1 248 1 203 1 087 2 287 11 554

2 236 1 723 1 624 1 484 1 279 1 173 2 438 12 799

2015 2015 (%) 771 5.6 % 2 496 2 019 1 884 1 568 1 334 1 118 2 601 13 790

18.1 % 14.6 % 13.7 % 11.4 % 9.7 % 8.1 % 18.9 % 100.0 %

Total 2015: 13 790 Mtoe 5.6 % 18.9 %

EU-28 China United States Middle East Asia* Russia Africa Rest of the World

18.1 % 8.1 % 9.7 %

14.6 % 11.4 %

13.7 %

Mtoe 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

EU-28 China

United States Middle East

* non OECD and OECD Asia, excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

10

Asia* Russia

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Africa Rest of the World


1.1.2 World Energy Production by Fuel

(Mtoe) 1995 3 397 2 220 1 811 1 211 608 17 9 263

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other Total

2000 3 703 2 278 2 064 1 287 676 21 10 028

2005 4 045 2 997 2 370 1 398 722 21 11 554

2010 4 082 3 663 2 715 1 590 719 31 12 799

2015 2015 (%) 4 416 32.0 % 3 872 28.1 % 2 976 21.6 % 1 819 13.2 % 671 4.9 % 37 0.3 % 13 790 100.0 %

Total 2015: 13 790 Mtoe 4.9 % 13.2 % Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other (0.3 %)

32.0 %

21.6 %

28.1 %

Mtoe 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000

Petroleum and Products Renewables

Solid Fuels Nuclear

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Gas Other

Source: IEA, August 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

11

PART 1 Overview

1.1.3 World Gross Inland Consumption by Region

(Mtoe) EU-28

1995 1 649

2000 1 695

2005 1 794

2010 1 726

China United States Asia* Russia Africa Middle East Rest of the World World

1 055 2 067 1 521 637 444 307 1 549 9 228

1 143 2 273 1 761 619 496 354 1 686 10 028

1 794 2 319 1 983 652 600 469 1 890 11 499

2 550 2 215 2 291 688 695 624 2 083 12 873

2015 2015 (%) 1 586 11.6 % 2 987 2 188 2 495 710 788 729 2 165 13 647

21.9 % 16.0 % 18.3 % 5.2 % 5.8 % 5.3 % 15.9 % 100.0 %

Total 2015: 13 647 Mtoe

11.6 %

15.9 %

EU-28 China United States Asia* Russia Africa Middle East Rest of the World

5.3 % 21.9 %

5.8 % 5.2 % 18.3 %

16.0 %

Mtoe 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

EU-28 Asia*

China Russia


12

United States Africa

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Middle East Rest of the World


1.1.4 World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel

(Mtoe) 1995 3 376 2 208 1 807 1 212 213 39 4 972 608 16 9 228

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Hydro* Geothermal* Solar/Wind/Other* Biofuels and Waste* Nuclear Other Total

2000 3 660 2 311 2 071 1 288 225 52 8 1 023 676 21 10 028

2005 4 005 2 993 2 360 1 398 252 54 17 1 096 722 21 11 499

2010 4 142 3 654 2 736 1 591 296 63 48 1 213 719 31 12 873

2015 2015 (%) 4 334 31.8 % 3 836 28.1 % 2 944 21.6 % 1 823 13.4 % 334 2.5 % 74 0.5 % 126 0.9 % 1 323 9.7 % 671 4.9 % 40 0.3 % 13 647 100.0 %

Total 2015: 13 647 Mtoe 4.9 % 13.4 % Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other (0.3 %)

31.8 %

21.6 %

28.1 %

Mtoe


Solid Fuels Nuclear

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

5 000 4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

Gas Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, August 2017 Methodology and Notes:See Appendix 13 – No 1

13

PART 1 Overview

1.1.5 World Final Energy Consumption by Region

(Mtoe) EU-28

1995 1 133

2000 1 180

2005 1 243

2010 1 208

2015 2015 (%) 1 114 11.9 %

China United States Asia* Africa Russia Middle East Rest of the World World

788 1 378 1 076 324 458 202 1 180 6 539

791 1 546 1 211 369 418 241 1 281 7 036

1 192 1 563 1 357 437 412 313 1 420 7 937

1 587 1 512 1 548 508 447 416 1 554 8 781

1 915 1 520 1 716 573 457 475 1 614 9 384

20.4 % 16.2 % 18.3 % 6.1 % 4.9 % 5.1 % 17.2 % 100.0 %

Total 2015: 9 384 Mtoe

11.9 %

17.2 %

EU-28 China United States Asia* Africa Russia Middle East Rest of the World

5.1 % 20.4 %

4.9 % 6.1 %

16.2 %

18.3 %

Mtoe 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

EU-28 Asia*

China Russia


14


2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0



1.1.6 World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel

(Mtoe) 1995 2 797 662 1 006 848 936 287 3 6 539

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Electricity Heat Other Total

2000 3 115 548 1 117 910 1 092 248 7 7 036

2005 3 438 792 1 190 950 1 302 260 5 7 937

2010 3 597 1 005 1 337 1 021 1 540 274 7 8 781

2015 2015 (%) 3 840 40.9 % 1 044 11.1 % 1 401 14.9 % 1 082 11.5 % 1 737 18.5 % 271 2.9 % 9 0.1 % 9 384 100.0 %

Total 2015: 9 384 Mtoe 2.9 % 18.5 %

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Electricity Heat Other (0.1 %)

40.9 % 11.5 %

14.9 %

11.1 %

Mtoe 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000

Petroleum and Products Renewables Other

Solid Fuels Electricity

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Gas Heat

Source: IEA, August 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

15

PART 1 Overview

1.1.7 World Electricity Generation by Fuel

(TWh) Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gas Renewables Hydro* Solar/Wind/Other* Biofuels and Waste* Geothermal* Nuclear Other Total

1995 4 992 1 279 2 022 2 637 2 479 10 131 40 2 332 24 13 285

2000 6 005 1 252 2 753 2 837 2 619 35 164 52 2 591 34 15 471

2005 7 335 1 178 3 702 3 295 2 935 120 227 58 2 768 46 18 324

2010 8 664 982 4 828 4 209 3 443 387 372 68 2 756 62 21 502

2015 2015 (%) 9 538 39.3 % 990 4.1 % 5 543 22.9 % 5 534 22.8 % 3 888 16.0 % 1 111 4.6 % 528 2.2 % 80 0.3 % 2 571 10.6 % 78 0.3 % 24 255 100.0 %

Total 2015: 24 255 twh 10.6 % Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gas Renewables Nuclear Other (0.3 %)

39.3 % 22.8 %

22.9 %

4.1 %

twh 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000

Solid Fuels Renewables

Petroleum and Products Nuclear

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, August 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

16

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Gas Other


1.1.8 World Heat Generation by Fuel

(PJ) Gas Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Renewables Geothermal* Solar/Wind/Other* Biofuels and Waste* Nuclear Other Total

1995 7 157 4 367 1 939 254 17 9 345 20 162 13 900

2000 6 232 4 332 1 160 296 18 12 414 19 203 12 242

2005 6 654 4 720 965 395 24 386 530 21 601 13 355

2010 6 588 5 456 843 584 26 347 781 27 635 14 135

2015 2015 (%) 5 703 41.6 % 5 941 43.3 % 602 4.4 % 710 5.2 % 34 0.2 % 367 2.7 % 940 6.9 % 26 0.2 % 729 5.3 % 13 711 100.0 %

Total 2015: 13 711 pj 5.3 % 5.2 % 4.4 % Gas Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Renewables Nuclear (0.2 %) Other

41.6 %

43.3 %

pj


Gas Nuclear

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0

Petroleum and Products Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, August 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

17

PART 1 Overview

1.1.9 World CO2 Emissions* by Region

(Mio ton CO2) EU-28 China United States Asia** Middle East Russian Federation Africa Rest of the World World

1995 4 012

2000 4 036

2005 4 205

2010 3 898

2 951 5 211 3 275 816 1 562 614 3 639 22 080

3 159 5 790 3 836 951 1 488 700 4 038 23 997

5 459 5 854 4 412 1 229 1 497 899 4 480 28 034

7 848 5 496 5 221 1 595 1 552 1 041 4 926 31 576

2014 2014 (%) 3 425 10.2 % 9 222 5 290 5 925 1 846 1 532 1 148 5 124 33 511

27.5 % 15.8 % 17.7 % 5.5 % 4.6 % 3.4 % 15.3 % 100.0 %

Total 2014: 33 289 mio ton CO2 10.2 %

15.3 %

EU-28 China United States Asia** Middle East Russian Federation Africa Rest of the World

3.4 % 4.6 % 27.5 %

5.5 %

17.7 % 15.8 %

mio ton CO2

EU-28 Asia**

China Russian Federation



* Contains CO2 emissions from fuel combustion and international maritime and aviation bunkers. ** non OECD and OECD Asia, excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

18

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

10 000 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0


1.1.10 World CO2 Intensity* by Region

(Kg CO2 per toe – Average) EU-28

1995 2 433

2000 2 381

2005 2 344

2010 2 258

2013 2 221

2014 2 186

China United States Asia** Middle East Russia Africa Rest of the World World

2 797 2 521 2 153 2 661 2 454 1 383 2 350 2 393

2 763 2 547 2 178 2 689 2 402 1 412 2 395 2 393

3 043 2 525 2 225 2 624 2 297 1 499 2 371 2 438

3 078 2 481 2 279 2 556 2 255 1 498 2 364 2 453

3 119 2 395 2 386 2 616 2 180 1 489 2 368 2 474

3 107 2 386 2 406 2 558 2 114 1 481 2 363 2 463

World average 2014: 2 463 Kg CO2 per toe 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 EU-28 China

United States Asia**

Middle East Russia

Africa World Rest of the World

Kg CO2 per toe 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500

EU-28 Asia**

China Russia


2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1 000


* Per Unit of Gross Inland Consumption. ** non OECD and OECD Asia, excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

19

Total Production: 969.3

Net Imports: 736.8

Gross Inland Consumption: 1 675

Intermediary

Transformation Input: 1 416.1

Transformation Output: 1 026.6

Non-Transformed Energy

Demand

se

pti

Co

n

Source: Eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

m su

on

s Lo

bu

n nE

i

kC

tri

n tio

Los

s:

erg

oc

sfo

rm

n atio

St

Dis

9.2

n Tra

s:

20 l Fina

07.4 n: 1 ptio m u s Con rgy -Ene Non

: 331.6 n – Industry Consumptio Final Available Final Energy Energy for Final – Residential: 285.5 Consumption: Consumption: Final Energy Consumption 1 082.8 1 193.1 Final Energy Consum ption – Transport : 306.8 Final En ergy Co n Fin sumptio al E n – Serv ices: 11 Fin ner 4.3 a Fin l Ene gy Co ns. rgy al – En Ag erg Cons um ricult yC ure pti on on /Fo su res –F mp try i shi tio : 31 ng n– : .1 1.4 No nsp ec ifie d: 12 .2

Final

(Mtoe)

ge

ha n

Supply

PART 1 Overview

1.2 Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.1 EU-28 Energy Flow – 1995

ses

: 37

0.7

26

.6

yS

to ec

7.4 r: 8

s:

ine ar lM a 4 ion : 5. at Use ern irect Int D

er nk Bu

34

.9

Total Production: 781.9

Net Imports: 902.1

Gross Inland Consumption: 1 627.5

Intermediary

Transformation Input: 1 416.1

Transformation Output: 962.8

Non-Transformed Energy

Demand

tri

pti

n

m su

on

o

b

n nE

i

kC

nL

io ut

e ss

s:

erg

oc

Dis

3.7

Co

atio

os nL

St

m for

s:

ns Tra

ge

Available for Final Consumption: 1 182.4

Final 6.8

: 274.7 n – Industry Consumptio Final Final Energy Energy mption – Residential: 275.2 Consumption: Final Energy Consu 1 084 Final Energy Consum ption – Transport : 358.6 Final En ergy Co nsumpti Fin o a n – Serv ices: 14 Fin l Ene 6.9 rg al Fin Ene y Con rgy s. – al En C erg onsu Agric ult mp yC ure tio on /Fo n– su res mp Fis try hin tio : 23 n– g: .4 1.2 No nsp ec ifie d: 3.8

n-E

l No

Fina

n: 9

ptio nsum y Co nerg

ha n

Supply


1.2.2 EU-28 Energy Flow – 2015 (Mtoe)

ses

: 34

1.4

25

.5

yS

to ec

1.1 r: 8

s:

ine ar lM a 7 ion 10. at se: ern rect U i Int D

er nk Bu

42

.1


21

PART 1 Overview

1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

Energy Mix (%) – Primary Products Only

Total Primary 1995: 1 673.2 Mtoe

(Total Primary and Secondary 1995: 1 675 Mtoe)

5 % 14 % 39 % 22 %

20 %

Petroleum and Products Gas Solid Fuels Nuclear Heat Renewables Waste, Non-Renewable (0 %)

Total Primary 2015: 1 626.2 Mtoe

(Total Primary and Secondary 2015: 1 627.5 Mtoe)

13 %

1 %

34%

14 %

16 % 22%


22

Petroleum and Products Gas Solid Fuels Nuclear Heat Renewables Waste, Non-Renewable


1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

Energy Mix* – 2015 (%) 0 %

20 %

EU-28


40 %

60 %

Petroleum and Products Waste, Non-Renewable

80 %

Gas

100 %

Nuclear Heat

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK 0 %

20 %

40 %

60 %

80 %

100 %

* Primary Products Only. Source: Eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

23

PART 1 Overview

1.2.4 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency

By Fuel – (%) Total Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Natural Gas

1995 43.1

2000 46.7

2005 52.1

2010 52.6

2014 53.4

2015 54.0

21.5 29.7 74.1 73.0 43.3

30.6 42.6 75.7 74.4 48.8

39.4 55.7 82.1 81.3 57.1

39.4 57.9 84.5 84.6 62.2

45.7 68.0 87.5 87.9 67.3

42.8 64.1 88.8 88.4 69.1

1995-2015 (%) 100 % 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 %

Total

Solid Fuels

of which Hard Coal


24

Petroleum and Products

of which Crude and NGL

Natural Gas


1.2.5 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports 2015 Energy Import Dependency (%) 0

20

40

60

80

100

BE

BE

BG

BG

CZ

CZ

DK

DK

DE

DE

EE

EE

IE

IE

EL

EL

ES

ES

FR

FR

HR

HR

IT

IT

CY

CY

LV

LV

LT

LT

LU

LU

HU

HU

MT

MT

NL

NL

AT

AT

PL

PL

PT

PT

RO

RO

SI

SI

SK

SK

FI

FI

SE

SE

UK

UK 0

20

40

60

80

100

Net Imports (Mtoe)

0

40

80

120

160

200

0

40

80

120

160

200


25

PART 1 Overview

1.2.6 EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin EU-28 Imports* of Natural Gas – 2015 Total non-EU = 12 624 717 TJ-GCV 37.0 %

Russia 32.5 %

Norway 11.1 %

Algeria Qatar

7.7 %

Not specified

6.3 %

Libya

2.1 %

Nigeria

2.1 %

Trinidad & Tobago

0.6 %

Other non-EU suppliers

0.5 %

EU-28 Imports* of Crude Oil – 2015 Total non-EU = 526 776 kton Russia

29.1 %

Norway

12.0 %

Nigeria Soudi Arabia Iraq Kazakhstan Azerbaijan

8.4 % 7.9 % 7.6 % 6.5 % 5.2 %

Algeria 4.3 % Other non-EU suppliers

19.0 %

EU-28 Imports* of Solid Fuels – 2015 Total non-EU = 216 921 kton Russia

29.1 %

Colombia

24.0 %

United States Australia South Africa Not Specified Indonesia Canada Other non-EU suppliers

15.8 % 9.1 % 7.8 % 6.4 % 3.5 % 1.6 % 2.7 %

* From non-EU suppliers and as a share of total non-EU imports. Source: Eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

26


1.3 EU 2020 Targets 1.3.1 Renewable Energy Targets*

RES Heating and Cooling

Overall RES Share

Indicative Trajectory 2015/2016

2020 RES Target

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

RES Electricity

% EU-28

RES Transport

2015 Renewable Energy Shares

6.7

28.8

18.6

16.7

n.a.

20.0

3.8 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.8 0.4 6.5 1.4 1.7 8.5 3.5 6.4 2.5 3.9 4.6 6.5 6.2 4.7 5.3 11.4 6.4 7.4 5.5 2.2 8.5 22.0 24.0 4.4

15.4 19.1 14.1 51.3 30.7 15.1 25.2 22.1 36.9 18.8 45.4 33.5 8.4 52.2 15.5 6.2 7.3 4.2 11.1 70.3 13.4 52.6 43.2 32.7 22.7 32.5 65.8 22.4

7.6 28.6 19.8 39.6 12.9 49.6 6.4 25.9 16.8 19.8 38.6 19.2 22.5 51.8 46.1 6.9 21.3 14.1 5.5 32.0 14.3 33.4 25.9 34.1 10.8 52.8 68.6 5.5

7.9 18.2 15.1 30.8 14.6 28.6 9.2 15.4 16.2 15.2 29.0 17.5 9.4 37.6 25.8 5.0 14.5 5.0 5.8 33.0 11.8 28.0 24.8 22.0 12.9 39.3 53.9 8.2

7.1 12.4 9.2 22.9 11.3 21.2 8.9 11.9 13.8 16.0 15.9 10.5 7.4 35.9 18.6 5.4 8.2 4.5 7.6 28.1 10.7 25.2 20.6 20.1 10.0 32.8 43.9 7.5

13.0 16.0 13.0 30.0 18.0 25.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 23.0 20.0 17.0 13.0 40.0 23.0 11.0 13.0 10.0 14.0 34.0 15.0 31.0 24.0 25.0 14.0 38.0 49.0 15.0

* In % of the Gross Final Energy Consumption. Source: Eurostat-SHARES, March 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

27

PART 1 Overview

1.3.1 Renewable Energy Targets*

Overall Renewable enErgy share 2015 (%) 0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

EU-28 Overall RES Share 2015 Indicative Trajectory 2015/2016 2020 RES Target


10 %

20 %

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption. Source: Eurostat-SHARES, March 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

28

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %


1.3.2 Renewable Energy Shares * RES Shares in Heating and Cooling, Electricity, and Transport – 2015 (%) 0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

EU-28 RES in Transport 2015 RES Electricity 2015 RES Heating and Cooling 2015


10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption. Source: Eurostat-SHARES, March 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

29

PART 1 Overview

1.3.3 GHG Emissions Targets *

Emissions Compared to 1990 Index 100=1990 EU-28

1990 100.0

1995 94.1

2000 92.2

2005 93.5

2010 85.9

2014 77.4

2015 77.9


100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

105.7 72.2 79.4 111.1 89.9 50.0 106.6 105.9 114.2 99.8 71.3 102.4 123.5 48.5 46.3 81.0 80.5 111.5 105.8 101.8 93.9 117.3 73.6 100.7 73.1 100.6 103.1 94.7

103.6 57.1 75.6 101.4 84.1 42.9 124.0 122.1 134.9 101.9 80.4 107.0 144.1 39.6 40.6 80.8 78.6 116.6 101.6 103.2 83.5 138.3 56.9 102.8 67.0 98.3 96.8 91.4

99.9 61.6 74.9 95.6 80.4 47.7 126.8 131.6 153.9 102.4 93.4 112.3 159.7 43.5 47.9 108.8 81.1 126.5 99.7 118.7 85.3 144.9 59.4 110.3 69.2 98.0 94.3 89.6

91.8 58.3 70.8 91.0 76.5 52.5 112.0 114.5 125.9 95.0 87.3 98.1 163.8 47.6 43.2 102.6 70.1 128.0 99.3 109.3 87.2 118.0 49.1 105.5 62.7 106.9 91.4 79.6

79.4 55.6 64.2 74.2 73.5 52.3 104.9 96.8 115.3 84.6 74.0 82.5 144.7 43.7 41.5 91.4 61.9 125.7 87.8 98.3 82.1 110.2 47.0 89.5 54.7 84.5 76.9 68.7

81.8 59.4 64.9 70.7 73.4 44.7 109.2 93.4 119.4 85.4 75.4 84.5 144.5 44.1 42.0 88.9 65.3 99.2 91.4 101.6 82.8 117.9 47.7 90.7 55.6 79.6 76.6 66.4

* Emissions of the Kyoto basket of GHG. Source: Eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

30

Energy in the EU

PART

2

PART 2 Energy in the EU


Summary 2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

Energy Supply � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 35 2.1.1

Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 35

2.1.2

Net Imports� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 38

2.1.3

Gross Inland Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 41

Energy Imports � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 45 2.2.1

Imports – Solid Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 45

2.2.2

Imports – Petroleum and Products � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 50

2.2.3

Imports – Gases � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 55

2.2.4

Imports – Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 59

2.2.5

Imports by Country of Origin � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 63

Energy Import Dependency� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 66 2.3.1

Import Dependency – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 66

2.3.2

Import Dependency – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 67

2.3.3

Import Dependency – Solid Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 68

2.3.4

Import Dependency – Hard Coal � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 69

2.3.5

Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 70

2.3.6

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 71

2.3.7

Import Dependency – Natural Gas � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 72

Energy Transformation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 73 2.4.1

Transformation Input – All Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 73

2.4.2

Transformation Input – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 74

2.4.3

Transformation Input – By Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 75

2.4.4

Transformation Output – All Fuels� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 76

2.4.5

Transformation Output – By Fuel � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 77

2.4.6

Transformation Output – By Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 78

Final Energy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79 2.5.1

Primary Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79

2.5.2

Available for Final Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 80

2.5.3

Final Non-Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 81

2.5.4

Final Energy Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 82

Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 86 2.6.1

Installed Electricity Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 86

2.6.2

Gross Electricity Generation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 89

2.6.3

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 94 33


2.7

2.8

2.9

Solar and Wind Energy� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 95 2.7.1

Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 95

2.7.2

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 97

2.7.3

Wind Gross Electricity Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 99

2.7.4

Wind Penetration Level � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 100

2.7.5

Wind Capacity Factor � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 101

2.7.6

Solar Collectors’ Surface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 102

2.7.7

Solar Installed Capacity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 103

2.7.8

Solar Gross Electricity Production � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 104

2.7.9

Solar Penetration Level� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 105

CHP � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 106 2.8.1

CHP Electricity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 106

2.8.2

CHP Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 107

2.8.3

CHP Electricity and Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 108

Heat � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 109 2.9.1

Gross Heat Generation� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 109

2.10 Transport� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 112 2.10.1

Fuels Final Consumption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 112

2.10.2

Biofuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 113

2.11 Energy Efficiency� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115 2.11.1

Energy Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115

2.11.2

Energy Consumption per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 116

2.11.3

Final Electricity Consumption per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 117

2.11.4

Primary Energy Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 118

2 .11 .5

Carbon Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 119

2.12 RES Indicators � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 120 2.12.1

RES Shares � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 120

2.13 Energy Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 123

34

2.13.1

Prices of Transport Fuels � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 123

2.13.2

Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 126

2.13.3

Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 128


2.1 Energy Supply 2.1.1 Production *

All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 969.3 100 %

2000 952.1 98 %

2005 914.6 94 %

2010 851.6 88 %

2014 788.3 81 %

2015 781.9 81 %

11.83 10.27 32.69 16.26 145.26 3.89 4.10 9.36 31.43 127.36 5.00 29.83 0.04 1.43 3.78 0.05 13.90 0.00 70.07 8.77 99.38 3.38 32.31 2.96 5.06 13.13 31.38 256.46

13.61 9.87 30.81 28.77 135.60 3.55 2.16 10.01 31.49 130.14 4.26 28.49 0.04 1.47 3.28 0.06 11.60 0.00 61.95 9.79 79.59 3.89 28.47 3.09 6.39 15.16 30.05 268.55

13.72 10.70 33.17 30.78 139.11 4.39 1.65 10.33 30.09 136.20 4.75 30.33 0.05 1.87 3.96 0.11 10.37 0.00 66.86 9.80 78.59 3.62 28.22 3.49 6.68 16.95 34.26 204.60

16.19 10.53 32.03 22.92 133.04 5.60 1.88 9.46 34.53 134.90 5.16 33.07 0.09 1.98 1.33 0.12 11.92 0.00 74.42 11.85 67.39 5.80 27.82 3.78 6.35 17.99 32.76 148.77

13.32 11.31 29.81 15.75 124.69 6.58 2.12 8.85 35.10 136.94 4.43 36.81 0.12 2.38 1.50 0.16 11.09 0.01 62.99 11.97 67.91 6.19 26.66 3.67 6.72 18.72 34.31 108.16

11.59 12.13 29.05 15.72 124.23 6.50 2.00 8.51 33.60 137.56 4.47 36.13 0.13 2.35 1.61 0.15 11.28 0.02 51.99 11.93 68.33 5.51 26.74 3.40 6.74 18.17 33.81 118.27

PRODUCTION – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 1 200 1 000 800 600

EU-28

400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products. Source: Eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

35


2.1.1 Production *

By Fuel

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Nuclear

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Gases


Wastes, Non-Renewable

2015

221.2 28.3 %

145.4 18.6 %

205.0 26.2 %

107.9 13.8 %

89.3 11.4 %

13.0 1.7 %


6.73 3.98 6.95 0.00 23.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.78 112.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.10 0.00 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 1.46 3.95 6.00 14.54 18.15

0.01 5.87 17.06 0.00 43.00 4.20 0.76 5.68 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 1.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 53.87 0.00 4.71 0.86 0.50 0.84 0.11 5.12

2.96 2.03 4.28 3.53 38.89 1.29 0.98 2.64 16.87 21.42 2.23 23.56 0.12 2.33 1.47 0.11 3.24 0.02 4.81 9.30 8.64 5.18 5.94 1.03 1.59 10.39 18.37 11.84

0.00 0.09 0.21 4.16 6.34 0.00 0.11 0.01 0.05 0.03 1.47 5.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 1.37 0.00 39.26 1.04 3.68 0.00 8.79 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.01 35.66

1.22 0.14 0.28 7.66 8.08 0.95 0.09 0.10 0.40 1.94 0.76 5.82 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.00 0.94 0.00 6.17 0.87 1.62 0.20 4.24 0.00 0.43 0.70 0.16 46.48

0.68 0.03 0.28 0.38 4.25 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.25 1.35 0.01 1.15 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.11 0.00 0.69 0.73 0.52 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.19 0.24 0.62 1.04


36


2.1.1 Production *

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Solid Fuels Nuclear


Gases Wastes, Non-Renewable

PRODUCTION – by Fuel – EU-28 – 2015 (% of Total) Total = 782 Mtoe

1.7 % 11.4 % 28.3 %

13.8 %

26.2 %

18.6 %

Nuclear Solid Fuels Renewables Gases Petroleum and Products Wastes, Non-Renewable


37


2.1.2 Net Imports

All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 736.76 100 %

2000 827.10 112 %

2005 980.19 133 %

2010 953.73 129 %

2014 881.24 120 %

2015 902.12 122 %


46.64 12.83 8.60 7.27 195.18 1.81 7.77 18.29 75.42 117.06 2.85 134.50 2.04 3.36 5.54 3.25 12.55 0.84 17.32 18.02 -1.16 18.02 14.03 3.09 12.14 15.91 20.43 -36.83

50.50 8.54 9.41 -7.37 204.71 1.63 12.37 22.15 99.34 134.08 4.08 152.07 2.57 2.36 4.25 3.64 13.96 1.46 34.67 19.01 8.77 22.07 7.99 3.41 12.00 18.22 20.44 -39.22

53.43 9.28 12.64 -10.13 208.19 1.50 13.77 23.50 123.83 143.96 5.15 160.37 2.84 3.10 5.03 4.68 17.42 1.63 37.58 24.52 15.94 24.85 10.84 3.86 12.43 18.95 19.46 31.61

53.56 7.08 11.59 -3.25 201.99 0.87 13.21 21.72 106.34 131.95 4.39 149.46 2.94 2.22 5.67 4.51 15.00 2.37 29.91 21.57 31.53 18.59 7.83 3.58 11.26 17.84 19.29 60.74

47.13 6.16 12.79 2.15 194.75 0.62 11.68 17.36 90.66 115.33 3.59 116.12 2.29 1.90 5.23 4.07 14.12 2.05 29.60 21.48 27.05 16.15 5.50 2.99 9.86 17.06 15.99 87.58

50.63 6.59 13.54 2.30 196.02 0.48 12.72 18.81 94.43 116.84 4.12 121.83 2.45 2.37 5.48 4.01 13.45 2.23 46.79 20.21 28.02 18.30 5.54 3.23 9.64 15.66 14.24 72.19

NET IMPORTS – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 1 200 1 000 800 600 EU-28

400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


38


2.1.2 Net Imports

By Fuel

Gases

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Electricity




Net imports

2015

902.1 100 %

534.9 59.3 %

247.3 27.4 %

112.4 12.5 %

6.0 0.7 %

1.2 0.1 %

50.63 6.59 13.54 2.30 196.02 0.48 12.72 18.81 94.43 116.84 4.12 121.83 2.45 2.37 5.48 4.01 13.45 2.23 46.79 20.21 28.02 18.30 5.54 3.23 9.64 15.66 14.24 72.19

31.18 4.25 8.75 0.42 105.86 0.55 7.49 15.02 60.70 78.65 2.62 52.83 2.42 1.79 2.69 2.62 6.45 2.13 44.17 11.25 23.35 11.01 4.89 2.34 2.99 9.46 12.68 26.33

13.87 2.52 6.16 -1.38 58.68 0.39 3.62 2.67 23.78 34.59 0.56 50.00 0.00 1.08 2.06 0.77 5.22 0.00 -9.37 4.99 9.95 4.07 0.16 0.66 3.69 2.24 0.72 25.60

3.10 0.74 -0.29 1.47 36.17 -0.01 1.46 0.16 10.36 8.69 0.62 12.32 0.00 0.04 0.16 0.05 0.80 0.00 12.30 2.71 -5.61 3.21 1.03 0.20 2.77 2.46 1.95 15.57

0.68 -0.02 -0.01 1.23 -0.53 -0.37 0.09 0.13 -0.40 0.43 -0.27 2.69 0.03 -0.74 -0.06 0.09 -0.22 0.01 -1.18 0.41 0.36 -0.21 0.04 0.03 -0.02 0.09 0.83 2.89

1.81 -0.91 -1.08 0.51 -4.15 -0.08 0.06 0.83 -0.01 -5.51 0.58 3.99 0.00 0.16 0.62 0.48 1.18 0.09 0.75 0.87 -0.03 0.19 -0.58 0.00 0.21 1.41 -1.94 1.80


39


2.1.2 Net Imports

By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

700 600 500 400 300 200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Petroleum and Products Wastes, Non-Renewable

Gases Renewables

Solid Fuels Electricity

NET IMPORTS – by Fuel – EU-28 – 2015 (% Total) Total = 902 Mtoe 12.5 %

27.4 %

59.3 %


40

Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels Renewables (0.7 %) Electricity (0.1 %) Wastes, Non-Renewable (0 %)


2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption

All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 1 675.00 100 %

2000 1 730.11 103 %

2005 1 830.86 109 %

2010 1 764.37 105 %

2014 1 607.75 96 %

2015 1 627.48 97 %

53.83 22.69 41.94 20.20 341.64 5.53 11.07 23.87 102.08 241.78 7.86 161.77 1.97 4.62 8.64 3.32 26.18 0.76 75.52 27.11 98.83 20.64 46.31 6.07 17.72 29.36 51.47 222.25

59.30 18.52 41.37 19.74 342.33 4.97 14.43 28.29 123.64 257.54 8.42 174.22 2.41 3.86 7.06 3.65 25.30 0.80 78.02 29.02 88.65 25.29 36.65 6.45 18.30 32.41 48.90 230.56

59.06 19.75 45.43 19.56 341.93 5.62 15.27 31.41 144.22 276.38 9.78 190.08 2.54 4.59 8.71 4.80 27.61 0.97 84.11 34.13 92.22 27.48 39.21 7.33 19.03 34.50 50.99 234.17

60.90 17.77 45.43 20.04 332.49 6.15 15.17 28.72 130.25 266.89 9.43 177.93 2.74 4.63 6.79 4.64 26.60 0.94 85.78 34.29 100.68 24.28 35.80 7.34 17.86 37.11 50.78 212.95

53.55 17.74 42.24 16.80 313.24 6.68 13.56 24.37 116.68 248.45 8.20 151.03 2.23 4.45 6.70 4.22 23.82 0.89 76.36 32.47 94.33 22.09 32.16 6.65 16.18 34.77 48.21 189.71

54.22 18.51 42.44 16.77 314.20 6.26 14.18 24.45 121.42 252.62 8.53 156.17 2.27 4.38 6.91 4.18 25.20 0.76 77.56 33.25 95.43 23.00 32.41 6.58 16.43 33.16 45.47 190.75

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28

500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


41



By Fuel



Gases

Solid Fuels

Nuclear

Renewables

Waste, Non-Renewable

Electricity

2015

560.1 34.4 %

357.9 22.0 %

262.7 16.1 %

221.2 13.6 %

211.0 13.0 %

13.3 0.8 %

1.2 0.1 %


24.22 4.20 8.96 6.47 107.41 1.12 7.04 12.48 52.00 78.26 3.28 57.16 2.11 1.49 2.60 2.63 6.92 0.65 31.20 11.96 23.92 10.40 9.10 2.29 3.34 8.76 10.22 69.94

13.97 2.60 6.48 2.87 65.15 0.39 3.75 2.68 24.54 35.05 2.08 55.30 0.00 1.10 2.07 0.77 7.49 0.00 29.18 6.88 13.78 4.07 8.93 0.66 3.88 2.24 0.73 61.28

3.18 6.62 16.58 1.73 79.52 3.85 2.19 5.61 13.24 8.83 0.61 12.30 0.00 0.05 0.19 0.05 2.36 0.00 10.94 3.18 48.26 3.21 5.91 1.07 3.28 4.03 2.12 23.80

6.73 3.98 6.95 0.00 23.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.78 112.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.10 0.00 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 1.46 3.95 6.00 14.54 18.15

3.63 1.99 4.28 4.76 38.35 0.91 1.07 2.78 16.62 21.81 1.96 26.27 0.15 1.54 1.42 0.21 3.01 0.02 3.64 9.65 8.99 4.97 5.97 1.06 1.58 10.49 19.19 14.74

0.68 0.03 0.28 0.43 4.25 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.25 1.35 0.01 1.15 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.13 0.00 0.80 0.73 0.52 0.16 0.07 0.04 0.19 0.24 0.62 1.04

1.81 -0.91 -1.08 0.51 -4.15 -0.08 0.06 0.83 -0.01 -5.51 0.58 3.99 0.00 0.16 0.62 0.48 1.18 0.09 0.75 0.87 -0.03 0.20 -0.58 0.00 0.21 1.41 -1.94 1.80


42


2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption Renewables

Hydro

Wind

Solar

Geothermal

Tide, Wave and Ocean


Biomass and Renewable Wastes


Renewables

2015

211.0 13.0 %

136.2 8.4 %

29.3 1.8 %

26.0 1.6 %

13.1 0.8 %

6.5 0.4 %

0.0 0.0 %

3.63 1.99 4.28 4.76 38.35 0.91 1.07 2.78 16.62 21.81 1.96 26.27 0.15 1.54 1.42 0.21 3.01 0.02 3.64 9.65 8.99 4.97 5.97 1.06 1.58 10.49 19.19 14.74

2.84 1.21 3.86 3.46 25.70 0.84 0.42 1.31 6.75 14.33 1.32 13.45 0.05 1.37 1.31 0.18 2.81 0.01 2.80 5.75 7.83 2.89 3.74 0.65 1.19 8.84 11.30 10.03

0.03 0.49 0.15 0.00 1.63 0.00 0.07 0.52 2.42 4.68 0.55 3.92 0.00 0.16 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 3.19 0.16 0.75 1.43 0.33 0.33 1.44 6.48 0.54

0.48 0.13 0.05 1.22 6.81 0.06 0.57 0.40 4.24 1.83 0.07 1.28 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.65 0.42 0.93 1.00 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.20 1.40 3.47

0.29 0.14 0.21 0.09 4.00 0.00 0.01 0.53 3.19 0.72 0.02 2.16 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.12 0.27 0.05 0.15 0.17 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.70

0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.21 0.01 5.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.19 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


43



By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

700 600 500 400 300 200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Petroleum and Products Nuclear


Gases Wastes, Non-Renewable

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – by Fuel – EU-28 – 2015 (% Total) Total = 1 627 Mtoe

0.8 % 13.0 % 34.4 %

13.6 %

16.2 % 22.0 %


44

Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable


2.2 Energy Imports 2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 116.3 100 %

2000 131.7 113 %

2005 153.6 132 %

2010 136.2 117 %

2014 160.3 138 %

2015 151.5 130 %


10.34 2.42 1.84 7.68 12.26 0.35 1.90 0.92 8.67 9.60 0.15 13.09 0.01 0.17 0.16 0.49 1.65 0.00 11.62 2.64 1.08 3.86 3.07 0.19 4.18 3.86 2.80 11.34

8.41 2.38 1.04 3.86 22.20 0.33 1.70 0.81 13.35 13.55 0.48 13.22 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.11 1.21 0.00 14.01 3.06 1.02 3.97 1.93 0.24 3.47 3.55 2.43 15.23

6.01 2.57 1.35 3.56 26.57 0.07 1.91 0.40 14.83 14.14 0.62 16.52 0.04 0.08 0.18 0.08 1.45 0.00 12.99 3.99 2.15 3.23 2.96 0.33 3.90 3.36 2.58 27.73

4.39 1.75 2.38 2.68 32.55 0.05 0.96 0.40 7.85 12.37 0.70 14.00 0.01 0.12 0.22 0.07 1.41 0.00 12.78 3.37 8.27 1.63 1.28 0.28 3.22 3.98 2.57 16.92

3.87 0.95 2.98 2.56 37.17 0.05 1.22 0.20 9.53 9.25 0.60 13.13 0.00 0.05 0.22 0.05 1.06 0.00 28.67 3.06 6.43 2.60 1.01 0.23 2.93 3.65 2.01 26.84

3.16 0.76 2.81 1.52 37.45 0.01 1.48 0.16 10.96 8.70 0.62 12.58 0.00 0.04 0.17 0.05 1.11 0.00 34.27 2.76 5.07 3.21 1.10 0.20 2.83 2.55 2.01 15.92

IMPORTS – SOLID FUELS – TOTAL – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 200 150 100

EU-28

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


45


2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels Hard Coal Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 105.9 100 %

2000 120.7 114 %

2005 144.1 136 %

2010 127.1 120 %

2014 151.3 143 %

2015 143.5 136 %


9.44 2.35 1.63 7.65 9.50 0.05 1.87 0.92 8.09 8.91 0.07 12.58 0.01 0.17 0.16 0.13 1.23 0.00 11.06 2.05 1.05 3.84 3.01 0.14 3.10 3.67 2.37 10.87

7.46 2.25 0.63 3.82 17.39 0.06 1.68 0.81 13.25 12.49 0.44 12.87 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.10 1.12 0.00 13.63 2.34 1.01 3.97 1.65 0.20 3.15 3.21 2.14 14.90

5.70 2.49 0.76 3.54 23.93 0.04 1.88 0.40 14.74 13.00 0.57 15.94 0.04 0.07 0.16 0.07 1.30 0.00 12.71 3.00 2.05 3.22 2.42 0.30 3.48 3.01 2.22 27.11

4.09 1.70 1.42 2.67 29.33 0.05 0.95 0.40 7.71 11.41 0.66 13.99 0.01 0.11 0.18 0.06 1.40 0.00 12.54 2.48 8.16 1.63 0.52 0.23 2.57 3.68 2.29 16.84

3.45 0.89 2.06 2.54 34.66 0.05 1.20 0.20 9.36 8.71 0.56 12.30 0.00 0.05 0.18 0.05 1.03 0.00 28.29 2.20 6.22 2.59 0.41 0.19 2.59 3.36 1.91 26.20

2.69 0.70 1.92 1.51 35.35 0.01 1.47 0.16 10.73 8.29 0.59 12.12 0.00 0.04 0.14 0.04 1.05 0.00 34.03 2.09 4.91 3.20 0.47 0.18 2.53 2.24 1.92 15.15

IMPORTS – SOLID FUELS – Hard Coal – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 200 150 100 EU-28 50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


46


2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels Ranking Mtoe and %

1995

Imports

13.1 12.3 11.6 11.3 10.3 9.6 8.7 7.7 4.2 3.9 58.6

11.3 % 10.5 % 10.0 % 9.7 % 8.9 % 8.3 % 7.4 % 6.6 % 3.6 % 3.3 % 50.4 %

DE NL UK IT ES FR PL PT BE SK

37.5 34.3 15.9 12.6 11.0 8.7 5.1 3.2 3.2 2.8 111.2

24.7 % 22.6 % 10.5 % 8.3 % 7.2 % 5.7 % 3.3 % 2.1 % 2.1 % 1.9 % 73.4 %

116.3

100.0 %

151.5

100.0 %

12.6 11.1 10.9 9.5 9.4 8.9 8.1 7.6 3.8 3.7 53.4

11.9 % 10.4 % 10.3 % 9.0 % 8.9 % 8.4 % 7.6 % 7.2 % 3.6 % 3.5 % 50.5 %

35.3 34.0 15.2 12.1 10.7 8.3 4.9 3.2 2.7 2.5 107.4

24.6 % 23.7 % 10.6 % 8.4 % 7.5 % 5.8 % 3.4 % 2.2 % 1.9 % 1.8 % 74.8 %

105.9

100.0 %

143.5

100.0 %

Imports

Solid Fuels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

IT DE NL UK BE FR ES DK SK PT

Total EU-28

Total EU-28

IT NL UK DE BE FR ES DK PT FI

EU-28 Share

MS

MS

Of which: Hard Coal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

2015 EU-28 Share

Top 10 Ranking

DE NL UK IT ES FR PL PT BE SK


47


2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels

By Member State – Top 14 importers 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

DE

NL

UK

IT

ES

FR 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

PL

PT

BE

SK

CZ

AT

FI

SE 0

10


48

20

30

40


2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels

By Member State – Least 14 importers 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

DK

IE

HU

RO

BG

HR 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

SI

LT

EL

LU

LV

EE

CY

MT 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8


49


2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 801.4 100 %

2000 868.0 108 %

2005 954.5 119 %

2010 914.3 114 %

2014 884.6 110 %

2015 934.1 117 %

44.53 7.96 8.89 10.32 146.77 1.17 6.80 21.43 67.52 102.35 4.49 106.72 2.03 2.14 5.32 1.78 7.59 0.84 90.44 11.02 15.42 17.96 11.18 2.35 5.11 12.65 26.90 59.68

52.79 5.97 8.60 9.88 147.99 0.93 9.56 23.81 78.17 114.09 4.19 109.37 2.53 1.35 5.41 2.39 7.09 1.46 104.30 12.29 20.98 17.48 6.30 2.69 6.01 15.33 27.93 69.14

58.21 7.55 10.90 8.69 147.46 1.16 10.14 26.44 87.72 122.74 5.50 108.86 2.79 2.28 9.61 3.16 8.79 1.63 125.46 15.39 24.46 19.55 9.88 2.85 6.92 15.75 27.30 83.34

56.35 7.60 10.61 9.38 128.69 1.16 9.17 27.05 80.31 105.98 4.94 97.87 2.91 1.94 10.22 2.86 8.37 2.38 146.20 13.70 28.68 15.30 8.46 3.28 6.69 16.06 27.94 80.18

58.36 7.92 10.94 11.77 127.19 1.89 7.86 29.48 78.99 96.91 3.93 72.33 2.27 2.36 9.43 2.69 8.76 2.24 143.04 13.35 28.39 15.08 9.39 3.75 6.67 17.88 26.86 84.89

60.19 8.73 11.21 13.80 128.16 1.71 9.24 31.36 83.58 100.05 4.51 81.13 2.44 2.76 11.18 2.62 9.15 2.67 155.87 13.81 31.74 17.92 9.80 4.08 7.44 16.35 28.11 84.47

IMPORTS – PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS – Total – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 1 500 1 000 500

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


50


2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products

Crude and NGL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995


1995 565.6 100 %

2000 609.8 108 %

2005 635.4 112 %

2010 572.9 101 %

2014 535.1 95 %

2015 567.1 100 %

26.18 7.39 7.06 5.43 102.37 0.00 2.27 15.51 55.34 78.65 4.23 73.82 0.80 0.00 3.10 0.00 5.89 0.00 61.08 7.56 11.95 13.04 8.31 0.49 5.09 8.67 19.50 41.91

34.04 5.18 5.68 3.77 104.69 0.00 2.98 19.60 57.70 86.84 3.95 83.27 1.16 0.00 4.86 0.00 5.88 0.00 60.56 7.28 17.48 11.63 4.76 0.13 5.74 11.56 21.97 49.11

31.77 5.84 7.70 2.71 111.82 0.00 3.16 18.92 59.94 85.22 4.02 89.91 0.00 0.00 9.05 0.00 6.25 0.00 62.05 7.88 17.75 13.46 8.86 0.00 5.46 10.57 19.49 53.57

33.11 5.37 7.83 2.69 92.61 0.00 3.08 20.40 52.69 64.95 3.56 79.59 0.00 0.00 9.16 0.00 5.68 0.00 60.13 6.70 22.49 11.39 6.11 0.00 5.33 11.21 19.62 49.24

32.57 5.02 7.51 3.44 89.29 0.00 2.70 21.10 58.81 54.92 1.87 54.90 0.00 0.00 7.57 0.00 6.04 0.00 54.89 7.62 23.24 10.61 6.92 0.00 5.37 12.08 18.61 50.03

32.26 5.91 7.27 4.15 90.09 0.00 3.69 22.34 64.87 58.22 2.34 62.87 0.00 0.00 8.73 0.00 6.19 0.00 59.93 8.02 26.10 14.18 6.77 0.00 5.78 11.10 19.95 46.34

IMPORTS – PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS – Crude and NGL – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 700 600 500 400 300

EU-28

200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


51


2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products Ranking Mtoe and %

1995

2015 MS

Imports

146.8 106.7 102.3 90.4 67.5 59.7 44.5 26.9 21.4 18.0 513.8

18.3 % 13.3 % 12.8 % 11.3 % 8.4 % 7.4 % 5.6 % 3.4 % 2.7 % 2.2 % 64.1 %

NL DE FR UK ES IT BE PL EL SE

155.9 128.2 100.1 84.5 83.6 81.1 60.2 31.7 31.4 28.1 552.1

16.7 % 13.7 % 10.7 % 9.0 % 8.9 % 8.7 % 6.4 % 3.4 % 3.4 % 3.0 % 59.1 %

934.1

100.0 %

90.1 64.9 62.9 59.9 58.2 46.3 32.3 26.1 22.3 20.0 336.0

15.9 % 11.4 % 11.1 % 10.6 % 10.3 % 8.2 % 5.7 % 4.6 % 3.9 % 3.5 % 59.2 %

567.1

100.0 %

MS

Imports

Petroleum and Products 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

DE IT FR NL ES UK BE SE EL PT

Total

801.4

100.0 %

Of which: Crude and NGL 1 DE 2 FR 3 IT 4 NL 5 ES 6 UK 7 BE 8 SE 9 EL 10 PT Top 5 Total

102.4 78.7 73.8 61.1 55.3 41.9 26.2 19.5 15.5 13.0 371.3

18.1 % 13.9 % 13.1 % 10.8 % 9.8 % 7.4 % 4.6 % 3.4 % 2.7 % 2.3 % 65.6 %

Total

565.6

100.0 %


52

EU-28 Share

EU-28 Share

Top 10 Ranking

DE ES IT NL FR UK BE PL EL SE




NL

DE

FR

UK

ES

IT 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

BE

PL

EL

SE

PT

FI

AT

DK 0

50

100

150

200


53




CZ

LT

RO

IE

HU

BG 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

SK

HR

SI

LV

MT

LU

CY

EE 0

5


54

10

15

20


2.2.3 Imports – Gases Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 180.18 100 %

2000 242.43 135 %

2005 323.75 180 %

2010 365.91 203 %

2014 320.42 178 %

2015 341.28 189 %

10.42 4.56 6.43 0.00 55.32 0.58 0.09 0.00 7.52 28.11 0.22 28.56 0.00 1.00 2.03 0.56 5.53 0.00 2.76 5.47 5.84 0.00 4.79 0.75 4.53 2.84 0.76 1.51

13.28 2.74 7.48 0.00 61.09 0.66 2.48 1.69 15.47 36.46 0.91 47.05 0.00 1.11 2.07 0.67 7.35 0.00 12.48 5.32 6.64 2.04 2.71 0.82 5.71 3.43 0.78 2.01

14.82 2.46 7.60 0.00 78.90 0.80 3.01 2.33 30.25 41.62 0.93 60.16 0.00 1.43 2.49 1.18 9.81 0.00 16.44 8.03 8.57 3.89 4.19 0.93 6.05 3.61 0.84 13.42

19.55 2.13 6.98 0.14 78.80 0.56 4.48 3.23 31.96 42.11 0.87 61.72 0.00 0.90 2.49 1.20 7.91 0.00 18.45 10.19 8.91 4.51 1.82 0.86 5.00 3.84 1.47 45.86

13.56 2.22 5.95 0.56 75.34 0.44 3.59 2.47 31.66 40.14 0.94 45.67 0.00 0.78 2.15 0.84 7.44 0.00 20.87 8.31 9.71 3.48 0.47 0.62 3.96 2.51 0.79 35.96

15.32 2.52 6.16 0.59 85.92 0.39 3.62 2.67 28.18 39.45 0.87 50.18 0.00 1.08 2.14 0.77 5.68 0.00 27.15 9.43 9.99 4.07 0.16 0.66 3.69 2.24 0.72 37.62

IMPORTS – GASES – TOTAL – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 400 300 200

EU-28

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


55


2.2.3 Imports – Gases Ranking Mtoe and %

1995

2015

EU-28 Ranking

MS

Imports

EU-28 Share

MS

Imports

EU-28 Share

Gases 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Top 5 Total

DE IT FR BE ES CZ PL HU AT RO BG SK FI NL LT UK LV SE SI EE LU HR IE DK EL CY MT PT

55.3 28.6 28.1 10.4 7.5 6.4 5.8 5.5 5.5 4.8 4.6 4.5 2.8 2.8 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 129.9

30.7 % 15.9 % 15.6 % 5.8 % 4.2 % 3.6 % 3.2 % 3.1 % 3.0 % 2.7 % 2.5 % 2.5 % 1.6 % 1.5 % 1.1 % 0.8 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 72.1 %

DE IT FR UK ES NL BE PL AT CZ HU PT SK IE EL BG FI LT LV HR LU SE SI DK EE RO CY MT

85.9 50.2 39.5 37.6 28.2 27.2 15.3 10.0 9.4 6.2 5.7 4.1 3.7 3.6 2.7 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 241.4

25.2 % 14.7 % 11.6 % 11.0 % 8.3 % 8.0 % 4.5 % 2.9 % 2.8 % 1.8 % 1.7 % 1.2 % 1.1 % 1.1 % 0.8 % 0.7 % 0.7 % 0.6 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 70.7 %

180.2

100.0 %

341.3

100.0 %

Total


56


2.2.3 Imports – Gases


DE

IT

FR

UK

ES

NL 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

BE

PL

AT

CZ

HU

PT

SK

IE 0

25

50

75

100


57


2.2.3 Imports – Gases


EL

BG

FI

LT

LV 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

HR

LU

SE

SI

DK

EE

RO

CY

MT 0

1

2

3


58

4

5

6

7


2.2.4 Imports – Electricity Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 17.0 100 %

2000 22.9 135 %

2005 28.8 170 %

2010 25.7 151 %

2014 33.3 196 %

2015 35.3 208 %

0.81 0.17 0.58 0.35 3.42 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.66 0.25 0.38 3.32 0.00 0.23 0.45 0.49 0.28 0.00 1.03 0.63 0.38 0.23 0.07 0.06 0.30 0.73 0.66 1.41

1.00 0.08 0.75 0.72 3.88 0.03 0.02 0.15 1.06 0.32 0.38 3.86 0.00 0.18 0.44 0.55 0.82 0.00 1.97 1.19 0.28 0.40 0.07 0.36 0.51 1.05 1.57 1.23

1.23 0.07 1.06 1.11 4.89 0.03 0.18 0.48 0.88 0.69 0.75 4.32 0.00 0.25 0.49 0.55 1.35 0.00 2.04 1.75 0.43 0.83 0.20 0.80 0.69 1.54 1.25 0.96

1.07 0.10 0.57 0.91 3.69 0.10 0.07 0.73 0.45 1.68 1.07 3.95 0.00 0.34 0.70 0.63 0.85 0.00 1.34 1.71 0.54 0.50 0.07 0.74 0.63 1.35 1.28 0.61

1.87 0.37 1.02 1.09 3.48 0.32 0.25 0.81 1.06 0.68 0.94 4.02 0.00 0.46 0.73 0.60 1.64 0.00 2.83 2.30 1.16 0.62 0.24 0.62 1.12 1.86 1.19 2.00

2.04 0.37 1.39 1.35 3.18 0.47 0.15 0.95 1.29 0.86 1.13 4.37 0.00 0.45 0.68 0.65 1.71 0.09 2.65 2.53 1.24 0.69 0.39 0.78 1.29 1.85 0.80 1.95

IMPORTS – ELECTRICITY – TOTAL – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 40 30 EU-28

20 10

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


59


2.2.4 Imports – Electricity Ranking Mtoe and %

1995

Imports

3.4 3.3 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0

20.1 % 19.6 % 8.3 % 6.1 % 4.8 % 4.3 % 3.9 % 3.9 % 3.7 % 3.4 % 2.9 % 2.7 % 2.2 % 2.2 % 2.0 % 1.7 % 1.6 % 1.4 % 1.3 % 1.3 % 1.0 % 0.7 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 58.7 %

IT DE NL AT BE UK FI HU CZ DK SK ES PL HR EL FR SE SI PT LT LU EE LV RO BG IE MT CY

4.4 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 14.8

12.4 % 9.0 % 7.5 % 7.2 % 5.8 % 5.5 % 5.2 % 4.9 % 3.9 % 3.8 % 3.7 % 3.6 % 3.5 % 3.2 % 2.7 % 2.4 % 2.3 % 2.2 % 2.0 % 1.9 % 1.8 % 1.3 % 1.3 % 1.1 % 1.0 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.0 % 41.8 %

17.0

100.0 %

35.3

100.0 %

Imports

Electricity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Top 5 Total

DE IT UK NL BE FI SE ES AT CZ LU LT HR PL DK SK HU FR LV PT BG EL RO SI EE IE CY MT


60

EU-28 Share

MS

MS

Total

2015 EU-28 Share

EU-28 Ranking


2.2.4 Imports – Electricity

By Member State – Top 14 importers 1990-2015 (Mtoe) IT

DE

NL

AT

BE

UK 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

FI

HU

CZ

DK

SK

ES

PL

HR 0

1

2

3

4

5

6


61


2.2.4 Imports – Electricity


EL

FR

SE

SI

PT

LT 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015

LU

EE

LV

RO

BG

IE

MT

CY 0

0.5


62

1.0

1.5

2.0


2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – Hard coal TOP 15 EXTRA-EU – (ordered by 2015 volume) kton Russia Colombia United States Australia South Africa Not specified Indonesia Canada Mozambique Kazakhstan Ukraine Norway Venezuela Chile Vietnam Other extra-EU kton Extra-EU

1995 8 800 11 181 41 140 19 551 32 108 6 604 3 411 4 237 0 262 348 329 2 822 0 363 2 504

2000 14 966 22 763 20 665 28 608 41 920 5 229 9 102 6 378 107 0 2 058 928 3 621 0 560 1 899

2005 48 784 24 253 15 737 27 120 51 988 3 359 14 949 6 642 0 932 4 229 1 124 2 003 0 253 592

2010 48 666 36 144 30 519 19 251 17 622 7 594 10 158 3 637 0 332 3 183 1 385 685 0 60 162

2014 66 127 48 307 47 310 14 533 22 620 6 856 7 886 5 732 736 1 124 2 941 1 532 292 435 43 153

2015 61 837 51 614 33 914 19 422 16 846 13 438 7 626 3 377 1 100 1 001 802 676 345 254 177 195

133 660 158 804 201 965 179 398 226 627 212 624

Intra-EU

30 115

Total Intra-EU and Extra-EU

31 206

26 519

22 090

17 024

18 750

163 775 190 010 228 484 201 488 243 651 231 374

EU-28 – Hard coal – TOP 5 IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU (1990-2015) Volume (kton) 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Russia South Africa

Colombia Australia

United States


63



EU-28 – Crude Oil and NGL TOP 15 EXTRA-EU – (ordered by 2015 volume) kton Russia Norway Nigeria Saudi Arabia Iraq Kazakhstan Azerbaijan Algeria Angola Mexico Libya Egypt Kuwait Venezuela Other African countries* other extra-EU kton

1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 76 349 120 165 191 504 182 879 150 984 153 913 102 382 115 861 97 606 73 406 67 131 66 019 28 633 22 530 18 617 21 783 45 170 44 276 82 630 65 089 60 740 30 759 44 218 41 728 0 31 317 12 290 16 945 22 836 40 019 78 9 993 26 386 29 701 32 621 35 104 0 3 712 7 255 22 922 21 940 27 296 17 069 21 434 22 776 8 252 22 915 24 518 4 758 3 861 7 065 8 479 16 486 22 167 7 247 9 770 10 647 6 782 10 851 13 114 47 978 45 883 50 681 53 751 16 828 12 816 6 950 5 579 1 716 4 654 5 975 7 794 12 239 9 741 7 618 3 420 4 816 6 649 9 929 6 944 6 988 5 001 6 183 5 502 0 0 510 553 3 627 5 052 114 269 71 106 62 082 61 804 29 162 28 290

Extra-EU

510 511 542 985 584 481 531 091 501 743 534 257

Intra-EU

50 375


62 254

48 269

39 612

30 055

30 286

560 886 605 239 632 750 570 703 531 798 564 543

Mio barrels Extra-EU

3 743

3 981

4 285

3 894

3 678

Intra-EU

369

456

354

290

220

222

4 112

4 437

4 639

4 184

3 899

4 139


3 917

EU-28 – Crude Oil and NGL – TOP 5 IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU (1990-2015) Volume (kton) 240 000 200 000 160 000 120 000 80 000 40 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Russia Iraq

Norway


64

Nigeria

Saudi Arabia



EU-28 – Natural Gas TOP 8 Extra-EU suppliers – (ordered by 2015 volume) TJ (GCV) 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Russia 4 245 121 4 582 197 5 207 606 4 555 386 4 422 811 4 674 423 Norway 1 159 830 1 921 081 3 040 188 3 905 622 3 731 858 4 107 571 Algeria 1 362 649 2 203 075 2 256 826 1 986 974 1 451 855 1 401 603 Qatar 0 12 443 195 713 1 383 263 814 597 974 639 Not specified 61 134 334 765 937 105 957 962 763 322 794 091 Libya 54 497 33 442 209 499 381 660 248 145 269 748 Nigeria 0 172 020 436 319 576 236 179 042 259 922 Trinidad & Tobago 0 36 334 29 673 206 167 109 214 76 446 Other Extra-EU 47 267 49 082 475 679 235 075 81 174 66 274 Extra-EU

6 930 498 9 344 439 12 788 608 14 188 345 11 802 018 12 624 717

Intra-EU 1 451 229 1 933 316 2 272 283 2 833 535 3 103 701 3 251 534 Total Intra-EU 8 381 727 11 277 755 15 060 891 17 021 880 14 905 719 15 876 251 and Extra-EU 3 Mio m Russia 112 079 120 699 136 283 119 665 115 166 121 689 Norway 28 968 47 879 79 259 100 851 96 680 106 837 Algeria 33 607 55 513 57 004 50 360 36 227 35 036 Qatar 0 309 4 859 34 828 20 672 24 805 Not specified 1 473 8 126 23 859 24 111 19 621 20 432 Libya 1 353 830 5 445 9 980 6 513 7 080 Nigeria 0 4 385 10 586 14 024 4 425 6 440 Trinidad & Tobago 0 902 751 5 142 2 732 1 948 Other Extra-EU 1 172 1 272 11 962 5 857 2 034 1 660 Extra-EU Intra-EU Total Intra-EU and Extra-EU

178 652

239 915

330 008

364 818

304 070

325 927

41 582

54 625

60 169

75 091

80 875

84 713

220 234

294 540

390 177

439 909

384 945

410 640

EU-28 – Natural Gas – TOP 4 IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU (1990-2015) Volume (Mio m³) 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Russia

Norway

Algeria

Qatar


65


2.3 Energy Import Dependency 2.3.1 Import Dependency – All Fuels * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 43.1 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 80.8 BG 55.9 CZ 20.5 DK 33.4 DE 56.8 EE 32.3 IE 69.5 EL 66.7 ES 71.7 FR 48.0 HR 36.1 IT 81.9 CY 100.5 LV 70.4 LT 63.1 LU 97.7 HU 47.9 MT 104.8 NL 20.1 AT 66.4 PL -1.2 PT 85.3 RO 30.3 SI 50.9 SK 68.5 FI 53.6 SE 38.9 UK -16.4

2000 46.7 108.3

2005 52.1 121.0

2010 52.6 122.1

2014 53.4 124.0

2015 54.0 125.4

78.1 46.0 22.8 -35.0 59.4 32.2 84.8 69.5 76.6 51.5 48.4 86.5 98.6 61.0 59.4 99.6 55.2 100.3 38.1 65.4 9.9 85.1 21.8 52.8 65.6 55.1 40.7 -16.9

80.1 46.7 27.8 -49.8 60.5 26.1 89.6 68.6 81.4 51.6 52.5 83.4 100.7 63.9 56.8 97.4 63.1 100.0 37.8 71.8 17.2 88.6 27.6 52.5 65.3 54.1 36.8 13.4

78.2 39.6 25.5 -15.7 60.3 13.6 86.6 69.1 76.7 49.0 46.6 82.6 100.8 45.5 81.8 97.1 56.4 99.0 30.1 62.9 31.3 75.1 21.9 48.7 63.1 47.8 36.6 28.2

80.0 34.5 30.3 12.2 61.7 8.9 85.3 66.2 72.9 46.1 43.8 75.9 93.2 40.6 78.0 96.5 59.3 97.7 33.3 66.1 28.6 71.2 17.1 44.5 60.9 48.9 32.0 45.5

84.3 35.4 31.9 13.1 61.9 7.4 88.7 71.7 73.3 46.0 48.3 77.1 97.7 51.2 78.4 95.9 53.4 97.3 52.1 60.8 29.3 77.4 17.1 48.7 58.7 46.8 30.1 37.4

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter. Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up. Source: Eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

66


2.3.2 Import Dependency – By Fuel

EU-28 – Imports from Extra-EU – 1990-2015 (%)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

All Fuels Natural Gas

Solid Fuels

Hard Coal

Crude and NGL


67


2.3.3 Import Dependency – Solid Fuels * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 21.5 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 108.9 BG 31.8 CZ -25.5 DK 117.9 DE 11.2 EE 8.4 IE 64.9 EL 11.0 ES 45.4 FR 56.8 HR 85.7 IT 105.9 CY 100.0 LV 61.6 LT 64.4 LU 100.0 HU 29.5 MT NL 97.9 AT 75.7 PL -30.2 PT 105.8 RO 26.5 SI 13.6 SK 76.7 FI 63.4 SE 95.4 UK 22.2

2000 30.6 142.5

2005 39.4 183.5

2010 39.4 183.7

2014 45.7 213.0

2015 42.8 199.4

91.2 35.1 -21.8 94.9 25.5 9.1 64.6 8.5 61.3 86.4 110.9 104.6 100.0 46.2 87.0 100.0 28.2

101.3 37.0 -16.1 94.4 31.7 0.8 70.8 4.1 70.1 94.5 91.4 99.4 119.4 93.9 94.6 100.0 42.9

98.3 24.7 -15.1 69.4 40.1 -0.6 49.1 5.1 85.5 101.0 102.3 101.0 64.7 102.8 92.0 100.0 41.9

101.6 14.5 -4.2 104.9 44.8 0.2 60.0 2.9 77.1 98.6 92.4 98.7 150.0 76.7 89.4 100.0 28.3

97.2 11.2 -1.8 85.0 45.5 -0.3 66.7 2.8 78.3 98.4 103.1 100.2 100.0 87.0 87.2 100.0 34.0

102.0 83.9 -29.1 102.9 25.6 18.7 80.2 68.9 98.3 39.6

101.5 99.3 -23.9 96.3 33.4 21.0 88.4 67.4 97.2 71.9

121.7 99.4 -5.2 98.3 17.6 19.2 75.7 57.5 102.2 51.9

108.9 100.9 -8.7 96.9 17.4 21.4 83.3 80.3 94.7 87.5

112.4 85.2 -11.6 100.0 17.4 18.9 84.6 61.2 92.3 65.4


68


2.3.4 Import Dependency – Hard Coal * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 29.7 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 108.5 BG 73.0 CZ -34.2 DK 118.0 DE 17.1 EE 101.9 IE 105.9 EL 95.2 ES 48.5 FR 58.0 HR 73.9 IT 105.6 CY 100.0 LV 93.6 LT 69.1 LU 100.0 HU 103.5 MT NL 97.4 AT 88.3 PL -31.7 PT 105.9 RO 81.7 SI 100.0 SK 92.9 FI 89.0 SE 101.6 UK 21.8

2000 42.6 143.2

2005 55.7 187.3

2010 57.9 194.8

2014 68.0 228.9

2015 64.1 215.6

90.4 100.5 -56.1 94.7 39.2 116.4 93.2 105.9 66.8 87.3 112.9 105.7 100.0 81.8 100.0 100.0 99.0

100.9 94.7 -49.4 94.3 57.5 97.2 100.8 112.5 74.4 92.9 90.5 99.7 119.4 97.3 102.6 100.0 105.1

100.7 88.3 -54.3 69.3 73.7 117.9 79.3 100.3 85.4 100.6 102.7 101.5 64.7 106.7 95.3 100.0 99.5

103.2 73.9 -18.1 104.9 86.5 103.9 96.7 109.8 76.8 97.5 92.3 99.0 150.0 78.0 97.3 100.0 101.0

96.5 94.9 -9.1 85.0 87.6 26.3 102.7 91.4 78.2 96.8 102.5 100.5 100.0 87.0 90.1 100.0 99.3

101.5 91.6 -29.9 103.4 96.0 100.5 103.8 97.7 107.7 39.4

100.3 107.1 -21.3 96.3 102.2 93.8 105.2 102.6 104.3 71.3

122.3 97.5 3.7 98.2 100.9 100.9 91.9 85.5 115.2 52.1

109.3 101.7 1.0 96.9 87.0 103.8 98.5 118.5 103.9 86.8

112.8 82.9 -2.4 100.0 95.3 96.7 97.5 89.9 99.5 64.5


69


2.3.5 Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 74.1 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 99.6 BG 99.6 CZ 98.0 DK 11.0 DE 95.8 EE 80.2 IE 100.1 EL 98.4 ES 101.5 FR 96.9 HR 55.6 IT 93.3 CY 102.6 LV 102.6 LT 114.5 LU 98.2 HU 71.0 MT 104.8 NL 85.7 AT 89.3 PL 95.9 PT 100.6 RO 48.6 SI 97.8 SK 100.6 FI 94.6 SE 95.6 UK -57.4

2000 75.7 102.2

2005 82.1 110.8

2010 84.5 114.0

2014 87.5 118.1

2015 88.8 119.9

100.2 95.4 95.3 -80.8 94.6 77.4 98.8 100.2 101.0 99.5 61.0 96.1 100.3 94.8 100.4 102.1 76.0 100.3 97.4 89.1 98.7 99.4 34.2 101.5 90.5 103.5 100.8 -54.9

100.8 102.2 97.5 -102.7 97.1 70.8 100.0 97.7 101.2 99.3 79.4 91.8 102.3 102.2 91.9 99.4 81.2 100.1 96.2 91.6 97.5 102.3 38.5 101.2 88.2 98.4 104.0 -3.2

101.4 101.1 96.5 -43.4 96.5 57.5 97.2 98.7 99.9 97.7 80.4 93.5 104.2 94.4 98.7 99.4 84.7 99.2 94.2 89.9 97.0 97.5 51.9 99.2 89.5 89.4 93.6 14.1

101.1 97.9 97.6 -9.5 95.7 51.6 97.6 99.9 101.7 98.5 74.0 88.6 97.9 92.4 93.0 100.3 87.7 98.3 91.9 91.6 93.1 95.5 54.0 97.7 91.0 94.8 101.7 42.1

103.8 99.1 97.8 5.8 96.4 39.3 103.9 105.4 102.1 98.5 79.7 89.5 102.9 102.9 100.7 99.3 93.2 97.8 101.5 94.0 96.8 99.7 53.4 99.6 89.4 104.5 105.4 36.4


70


2.3.6 Import Dependency – Crude and NGL * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 73.0 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 99.8 BG 99.7 CZ 100.2 DK 6.3 DE 96.9 EE IE 100.2 EL 98.8 ES 99.1 FR 95.8 HR 69.2 IT 92.8 CY 96.3 LV LT 99.5 LU HU 71.9 MT NL 94.2 AT 87.6 PL 97.1 PT 100.0 RO 54.9 SI 95.9 SK 101.5 FI 94.1 SE 99.3 UK -47.7

2000 74.4 101.9

2005 81.3 111.3

2010 84.6 115.8

2014 87.9 120.4

2015 88.4 121.1

100.2 98.7 95.2 -120.5 93.8

99.5 97.7 99.3 -141.3 97.3

99.9 99.1 97.6 -68.8 97.3

100.1 99.0 98.2 -19.4 97.6

100.0 100.5 98.4 -5.0 97.1

89.8 99.5 100.6 98.5 72.1 95.1 98.5

98.8 95.2 100.1 98.2 78.9 94.0

101.6 99.5 99.3 98.2 82.2 94.5

98.1 100.4 100.0 98.0 75.6 90.7

108.2 101.5 99.5 98.8 79.6 92.2

94.5

95.3

99.0

98.8

99.5

78.6

81.2

85.2

89.2

91.3

96.7 86.9 99.1 99.0 43.5 87.5 97.6 101.5 100.6 -48.0

96.7 88.5 97.3 100.2 61.3

97.6 86.2 98.4 98.8 56.5

94.4 89.0 96.5 97.7 64.1

98.0 90.8 100.5 100.9 62.4

97.7 97.5 100.4 -0.2

99.9 101.1 99.0 12.7

101.1 99.3 99.4 32.4

99.3 104.1 100.7 22.9


71


2.3.7 Import Dependency – Natural Gas * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 43.4 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 98.2 BG 99.5 CZ 98.0 DK -47.2 DE 78.6 EE 100.0 IE 3.6 EL 0.0 ES 97.4 FR 93.0 HR 11.6 IT 63.9 CY LV 98.9 LT 100.0 LU 100.0 HU 60.3 MT NL -76.4 AT 84.8 PL 64.6 PT RO 24.9 SI 100.5 SK 86.8 FI 100.0 SE 100.0 UK 1.0

2000 48.9 112.7

2005 57.1 131.6

2010 62.2 143.4

2014 67.3 155.2

2015 69.1 159.3

99.3 93.6 99.8 -64.8 79.1 100.0 72.1 99.1 101.6 100.0 41.0 81.1

100.5 87.7 97.8 -113.9 79.6 100.0 86.7 99.1 101.4 99.3 23.7 84.7

100.3 92.7 84.8 -68.3 81.2 100.0 95.5 99.9 99.4 93.0 18.1 90.5

101.2 94.0 96.3 -46.9 89.4 100.0 96.5 99.3 103.5 103.6 28.6 89.7

99.3 97.0 95.1 -48.2 90.1 100.0 96.5 99.9 96.9 98.7 27.1 90.4

101.9 100.0 100.0 75.4

105.6 100.7 100.0 81.1

61.8 99.7 100.0 78.7

72.1 104.1 99.5 97.7

98.6 99.7 99.4 69.7

-49.1 80.6 66.3 100.2 19.8 99.3 98.8 100.0 100.0 -10.7

-59.3 88.5 69.7 103.8 30.1 99.6 97.5 100.0 100.0 7.0

-61.6 75.3 69.3 100.4 16.8 99.3 99.9 100.0 100.0 37.9

-73.1 96.8 72.0 100.1 5.0 99.5 104.8 99.9 100.0 44.9

-32.1 72.5 72.2 99.8 1.8 99.7 95.1 99.7 100.0 41.8


72


2.4 Energy Transformation 2.4.1 Transformation Input – All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 397.3 100 %

2000 1 434.1 103 %

2005 1 504.2 108 %

2010 1 398.4 100 %

2014 1 278.3 91 %

2015 1 304.2 93 %


51.36 23.49 33.11 19.19 268.82 3.70 6.30 27.08 94.09 198.86 6.50 141.98 1.48 1.49 8.46 0.28 20.05 0.45 82.75 15.90 68.92 19.53 36.90 3.30 14.26 25.67 45.28 178.14

61.54 18.20 30.61 16.81 264.63 3.41 8.33 34.06 106.42 218.10 6.64 150.89 2.07 1.09 8.85 0.10 18.95 0.49 83.04 15.20 69.51 19.52 26.90 2.78 15.55 28.35 44.24 177.78

60.49 20.19 35.46 15.38 276.08 3.89 8.06 33.95 114.63 228.40 6.81 165.68 1.08 1.06 13.94 0.58 18.77 0.73 85.41 17.42 69.86 21.87 29.77 3.12 16.64 29.38 46.58 178.99

58.68 18.85 35.54 15.68 250.59 4.68 7.65 33.42 102.18 206.52 5.68 149.47 1.18 1.16 11.29 0.56 19.60 0.58 85.84 16.74 75.97 17.94 23.88 3.08 15.01 33.54 45.86 157.26

52.12 18.78 33.83 12.58 235.29 4.88 6.59 36.74 102.13 187.35 4.14 114.24 0.90 1.12 9.41 0.33 17.01 0.50 81.78 15.99 74.66 18.67 23.06 2.84 14.42 30.99 44.62 133.29

50.55 19.06 32.50 14.15 234.01 4.34 7.34 36.60 110.69 190.95 4.60 124.14 0.92 1.19 10.39 0.24 16.86 0.26 85.87 16.76 77.65 22.36 23.33 2.68 15.07 28.48 43.47 129.77

Transformation Input – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28

500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


73


2.4.2 Transformation Input – By Fuel Petroleum and Products

Gases

Nuclear

Renewables

Wastes non-RES


Solid Fuels


Total, All Products

2015

1 304.2 100.0 %

247.4 19.0 %

657.0 50.4 %

107.9 8.3 %

221.2 17.0 %

59.5 4.6 %

9.8 0.7 %

50.55 19.06 32.50 14.15 234.01 4.34 7.34 36.60 110.69 190.95 4.60 124.14 0.92 1.19 10.39 0.24 16.86 0.26 85.87 16.76 77.65 22.36 23.33 2.68 15.07 28.48 43.47 129.77

2.23 7.14 14.79 1.62 77.44 3.62 1.76 5.40 13.84 6.90 0.52 11.86 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 2.61 0.00 10.85 2.66 44.45 3.25 5.19 1.02 3.04 3.94 1.78 21.50

35.48 6.92 7.71 9.23 101.18 0.04 3.50 29.78 69.27 61.58 3.47 79.68 0.91 0.00 9.11 0.00 7.40 0.26 62.22 9.24 27.61 15.69 12.09 0.01 6.57 13.24 21.22 63.61

4.07 0.95 1.83 0.84 16.42 0.29 1.94 1.32 8.56 5.01 0.50 20.97 0.00 0.76 0.58 0.17 1.94 0.00 8.91 2.30 3.08 2.34 2.84 0.10 0.92 1.61 0.39 19.30

6.73 3.98 6.95 0.00 23.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.78 112.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.10 0.00 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 1.46 3.95 6.00 14.54 18.15

1.29 0.06 1.15 2.04 12.07 0.36 0.12 0.08 3.98 3.11 0.10 10.75 0.01 0.43 0.62 0.05 0.74 0.00 1.66 2.14 2.44 0.98 0.20 0.08 0.56 3.42 4.73 6.32

0.50 0.00 0.06 0.41 3.21 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.25 1.19 0.00 0.88 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.00 0.76 0.42 0.04 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.19 0.62 0.90


74


2.4.3 Transformation Input – By Sector Nuclear Power Stations

District Heating Plants

Refineries, Petroleum and sub-products

Other Transformation Input Industry


Conventional Thermal Power Stations


Total, All Sectors

2015

1 304.2 100.0 %

361.1 27.7 %

221.2 17.0 %

19.7 1.5 %

642.1 49.2 %

60.2 4.6 %

50.55 19.06 32.50 14.15 234.01 4.34 7.34 36.60 110.69 190.95 4.60 124.14 0.92 1.19 10.39 0.24 16.86 0.26 85.87 16.76 77.65 22.36 23.33 2.68 15.07 28.48 43.47 129.77

6.58 7.08 13.91 4.03 89.51 2.84 3.79 7.92 27.87 10.99 1.03 46.78 0.92 0.97 0.76 0.23 3.32 0.26 19.77 4.59 36.72 6.65 7.66 1.18 2.15 6.35 5.14 42.05

6.73 3.98 6.95 0.00 23.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.78 112.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.10 0.00 1.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 1.46 3.95 6.00 14.54 18.15

0.00 0.23 0.65 0.98 4.14 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.69 0.07 0.13 0.00 0.20 0.56 0.01 0.78 0.00 0.54 0.97 2.66 0.00 0.48 0.04 0.33 1.46 1.20 2.26

35.47 6.75 7.66 9.13 100.07 0.00 3.43 28.67 65.92 60.98 3.42 75.16 0.00 0.00 9.08 0.00 7.38 0.00 61.34 9.16 27.47 15.44 11.85 0.00 6.37 13.04 21.13 63.18

1.76 1.03 3.33 0.02 16.60 1.20 0.12 0.00 2.12 4.46 0.09 2.07 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 1.27 0.00 3.17 2.03 10.80 0.26 0.34 0.00 2.27 1.63 1.47 4.13


75


2.4.4 Transformation Output – All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 026.6 100 %

2000 1 056.5 103 %

2005 1 103.1 107 %

2010 1 022.2 100 %

2014 932.2 91 %

2015 962.8 94 %


39.85 15.81 21.85 15.83 190.24 1.69 3.91 21.19 71.54 127.11 6.00 114.66 1.05 1.19 6.04 0.18 14.19 0.14 73.97 13.45 46.70 16.15 28.82 1.65 9.96 19.83 32.79 130.84

49.65 11.40 19.56 14.01 188.46 1.52 5.41 26.84 79.39 140.68 6.00 119.80 1.47 0.87 7.11 0.04 13.35 0.17 74.23 13.36 47.97 15.79 20.70 1.24 11.03 22.46 33.76 130.20

48.44 12.61 22.47 13.32 199.84 1.66 5.36 26.24 85.48 142.41 6.06 133.23 0.38 0.88 11.81 0.35 13.42 0.19 75.68 14.91 48.42 17.69 23.79 1.24 12.17 23.27 33.26 128.51

46.39 11.58 22.35 13.47 177.68 1.91 5.18 26.55 78.39 123.01 5.09 120.58 0.46 0.95 10.98 0.34 13.95 0.18 75.61 14.41 54.79 15.06 17.54 1.24 11.17 26.22 34.49 112.71

43.77 11.55 21.13 11.37 168.31 1.74 4.58 31.11 77.93 106.68 3.59 90.60 0.35 0.88 9.41 0.20 12.42 0.19 72.36 14.21 53.84 15.48 17.38 1.13 10.57 24.72 32.54 94.17

43.28 11.86 20.41 13.40 169.54 1.48 5.28 31.92 84.41 109.46 4.03 99.55 0.36 0.92 10.33 0.14 12.21 0.10 76.09 14.78 56.71 18.52 17.38 1.13 11.20 22.71 32.85 92.72

Transformation OUTPUT – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 1 500

1 000

500 EU-28

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


76


2.4.5 Transformation Output – By Fuel Petroleum and Products

Gases

Electricity

Derived Heat


Solid Fuels


Total, All Products

2015

962.8 100.0 %

32.0 3.3 %

641.9 66.7 %

20.8 2.2 %

211.4 22.0 %

56.6 5.9 %

43.28 11.86 20.41 13.40 169.54 1.48 5.28 31.92 84.41 109.46 4.03 99.55 0.36 0.92 10.33 0.14 12.21 0.10 76.09 14.78 56.71 18.52 17.38 1.13 11.20 22.71 32.85 92.72

0.88 0.45 1.76 0.00 9.17 0.01 0.07 0.00 1.13 2.32 0.00 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.00 1.46 0.96 7.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.63 0.81 2.12

35.47 6.74 7.66 9.12 100.03 0.00 3.43 28.67 65.90 60.97 3.42 75.14 0.00 0.00 9.08 0.00 7.38 0.00 61.32 9.16 27.45 15.44 11.85 0.00 6.37 13.04 21.12 63.16

0.82 0.00 1.38 0.00 6.07 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.85 1.65 0.00 0.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.00 1.27 1.03 2.50 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.87 0.55 0.51 1.75

5.21 3.46 6.71 1.22 43.34 0.83 1.78 3.20 16.51 41.28 0.34 17.05 0.36 0.30 0.26 0.09 2.52 0.10 8.71 1.63 13.04 2.60 3.46 0.92 1.91 4.25 6.04 24.26

0.90 1.20 2.90 3.06 10.93 0.51 0.00 0.05 0.00 3.25 0.27 5.18 0.00 0.61 0.99 0.06 1.24 0.00 3.33 2.00 6.72 0.47 1.83 0.21 0.88 4.24 4.38 1.42


77


2.4.6 Transformation Output – By Sector Nuclear Power Stations, Electricity

District Heating Plants, Heat

Refineries, Petroleum and sub-products

Other Transformation Output Industry


Conventional Thermal Power Stations


Total, All Sectors

2015

962.8 100.0 %

177.8 18.5 %

73.7 7.7 %

16.4 1.7 %

641.9 66.7 %

53.0 5.5 %

43.28 11.86 20.41 13.40 169.54 1.48 5.28 31.92 84.41 109.46 4.03 99.55 0.36 0.92 10.33 0.14 12.21 0.10 76.09 14.78 56.71 18.52 17.38 1.13 11.20 22.71 32.85 92.72

3.87 3.08 6.66 3.28 43.27 1.10 1.78 3.25 11.59 5.56 0.55 22.14 0.36 0.76 0.72 0.14 1.63 0.10 11.23 2.82 17.49 3.07 3.98 0.61 1.15 5.06 4.35 18.22

2.24 1.32 2.31 0.00 7.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.93 37.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.36 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.49 1.30 2.00 4.85 6.05

0.00 0.24 0.61 1.01 3.11 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.16 0.53 0.01 0.75 0.00 0.45 0.81 2.26 0.00 0.32 0.04 0.29 1.44 1.23 1.42

35.47 6.74 7.66 9.12 100.03 0.00 3.43 28.67 65.90 60.97 3.42 75.14 0.00 0.00 9.08 0.00 7.38 0.00 61.32 9.16 27.45 15.44 11.85 0.00 6.37 13.04 21.12 63.16

1.70 0.47 3.16 0.00 15.24 0.14 0.07 0.00 2.00 3.97 0.01 2.18 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.10 0.00 2.73 1.98 9.51 0.01 0.24 0.00 2.09 1.18 1.32 3.87


78


2.5 Final Energy 2.5.1 Primary Energy Consumption Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 567.6 100 %

2000 1 618.0 103 %

2005 1 713.1 109 %

2010 1 657.4 106 %

2014 1 508.6 96 %

2015 1 530.7 98 %


47.91 21.46 39.63 19.88 318.02 5.35 10.49 23.37 94.20 225.92 7.05 152.03 1.90 4.58 8.10 3.28 24.55 0.76 64.46 25.73 95.12 18.55 45.07 5.95 16.79 28.24 49.48 209.76

52.32 17.54 39.27 19.44 317.27 4.79 13.75 27.57 114.25 241.36 7.77 165.79 2.33 3.79 6.40 3.60 23.71 0.80 66.04 27.30 84.29 22.89 34.77 6.21 16.94 31.37 47.17 219.23

51.33 18.91 42.48 19.27 317.26 5.39 14.75 30.65 135.87 260.27 9.11 181.47 2.47 4.50 7.98 4.77 25.44 0.95 68.89 32.42 87.65 24.89 36.74 7.02 17.75 33.35 48.70 222.81

53.54 17.35 42.50 19.78 309.91 6.06 14.82 27.61 123.22 252.94 8.83 168.37 2.66 4.56 6.13 4.61 24.63 0.93 70.45 32.45 95.72 22.55 34.33 7.13 16.80 35.88 48.67 205.04

45.15 17.23 39.29 16.55 291.11 6.57 13.35 23.67 112.57 234.59 7.66 143.84 2.21 4.36 5.69 4.19 21.99 0.88 62.23 30.45 89.17 20.65 30.64 6.51 15.25 33.57 46.24 183.05

45.70 17.90 39.93 16.51 292.94 6.16 13.96 23.75 117.11 239.27 8.00 149.56 2.25 4.27 5.80 4.15 23.28 0.75 64.59 31.33 90.00 21.66 31.29 6.45 15.38 31.95 43.70 183.04

Primary Energy Consumption – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28

500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


79


2.5.2 Available for Final Consumption Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 193.1 100 %

2000 1 243.2 104 %

2005 1 313.4 110 %

2010 1 276.4 107 %

2014 1 161.1 97 %

2015 1 182.4 99 %


39.93 12.93 28.09 15.03 244.01 3.04 8.30 16.40 72.46 156.87 6.10 124.85 1.48 3.94 5.13 3.17 18.16 0.41 64.32 22.74 67.25 15.92 30.36 4.23 12.23 21.92 36.67 157.11

44.83 9.99 27.50 15.02 247.33 2.69 11.05 19.08 88.79 166.22 6.66 133.74 1.75 3.28 4.28 3.56 17.72 0.44 67.80 25.45 58.57 20.22 25.03 4.70 12.72 24.76 36.21 163.83

44.42 10.56 29.55 15.47 247.18 3.00 12.02 21.39 105.95 177.09 7.91 145.23 1.80 4.11 5.39 4.53 20.37 0.40 72.28 29.57 62.71 21.69 26.87 5.23 12.84 26.44 35.23 164.16

45.66 8.79 29.01 15.67 242.63 3.02 12.20 19.66 95.95 170.66 7.81 137.17 1.97 4.17 5.48 4.36 19.41 0.52 72.69 30.05 71.09 19.81 24.77 5.27 12.65 27.50 36.90 151.59

42.73 8.95 26.58 13.71 229.87 3.15 11.07 16.23 81.44 157.05 6.78 118.59 1.65 3.99 5.90 4.03 17.71 0.56 63.61 28.76 66.19 17.18 22.76 4.73 10.98 26.39 33.83 136.74

44.46 9.65 27.37 14.10 233.14 3.03 11.63 17.15 83.18 160.34 7.12 121.99 1.67 3.89 5.99 4.02 19.10 0.58 64.59 29.30 66.52 17.29 23.04 4.82 11.16 25.43 32.66 139.19


80


2.5.3 Final Non-Energy Consumption Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 107.4 100 %

2000 112.2 104 %

2005 117.8 110 %

2010 106.9 100 %

2014 99.1 92 %

2015 96.8 90 %


5.92 1.23 2.32 0.32 23.62 0.18 0.57 0.49 7.87 15.86 0.81 9.73 0.06 0.04 0.54 0.05 1.63 0.00 11.07 1.38 3.71 2.08 1.24 0.12 0.93 1.13 1.99 12.49

6.99 0.98 2.09 0.30 25.06 0.18 0.68 0.72 9.40 16.18 0.66 8.43 0.09 0.08 0.66 0.06 1.59 0.00 11.99 1.72 4.36 2.39 1.88 0.24 1.37 1.04 1.73 11.33

7.73 0.85 2.95 0.29 24.66 0.23 0.52 0.76 8.35 16.12 0.68 8.61 0.07 0.10 0.73 0.03 2.17 0.02 15.22 1.71 4.57 2.59 2.47 0.31 1.28 1.15 2.29 11.37

7.36 0.42 2.93 0.26 22.58 0.09 0.34 1.11 7.03 13.95 0.60 9.56 0.09 0.07 0.66 0.03 1.97 0.01 15.34 1.84 4.96 1.73 1.47 0.21 1.05 1.22 2.11 7.91

8.40 0.51 2.95 0.25 22.13 0.11 0.21 0.71 4.11 13.86 0.54 7.19 0.02 0.09 1.01 0.04 1.83 0.00 14.13 2.02 5.16 1.44 1.52 0.14 0.93 1.20 1.97 6.66

8.52 0.61 2.52 0.25 21.27 0.10 0.22 0.70 4.31 13.35 0.53 6.61 0.02 0.11 1.12 0.03 1.92 0.01 12.96 1.92 5.43 1.34 1.13 0.13 1.05 1.21 1.77 7.71


81


2.5.4 Final Energy Consumption Total Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 082.8 100 %

2000 1 132.9 105 %

2005 1 192.3 110 %

2010 1 164.5 108 %

2014 1 061.7 98 %

2015 1 084.0 100 %


34.35 11.42 26.32 14.82 221.62 2.56 7.99 15.81 64.03 143.48 5.28 114.58 1.43 3.85 4.60 3.11 16.23 0.46 50.99 21.37 62.94 13.85 26.97 4.09 11.03 21.97 35.05 142.65

37.53 9.11 25.07 14.72 220.01 2.43 10.78 18.68 79.90 155.31 6.00 124.72 1.65 3.25 3.77 3.50 16.14 0.44 52.34 23.69 55.21 17.92 22.77 4.46 10.98 24.32 34.97 153.24

36.58 10.19 26.33 15.50 218.46 2.88 12.60 20.96 97.77 160.77 7.24 137.15 1.83 4.02 4.67 4.48 18.23 0.38 54.18 27.84 58.47 19.01 24.71 4.90 11.56 25.19 33.66 152.76

37.63 8.84 25.38 15.52 219.65 2.91 11.96 19.00 89.08 155.30 7.21 128.46 1.93 4.12 4.81 4.32 17.41 0.50 55.14 28.17 66.33 18.10 22.59 5.04 11.55 26.25 34.08 143.22

34.20 9.01 23.63 13.52 208.88 2.82 10.77 15.52 79.23 140.35 6.24 113.35 1.62 3.89 4.89 4.00 16.19 0.55 47.32 26.74 61.60 15.77 21.72 4.59 9.98 24.50 31.19 129.62

35.78 9.51 24.19 13.95 212.12 2.77 11.21 16.50 80.46 144.12 6.59 116.44 1.66 3.79 4.87 3.99 17.31 0.57 48.51 27.37 62.25 16.04 21.89 4.69 10.08 24.18 31.76 131.37


82


2.5.4 Final Energy Consumption

By Fuel

Electricity

Renewables

Derived Heat

Solid Fuels

Wastes, Non-Renewable


Gases



2015

429.6 39.6 %

236.3 21.8 %

235.7 21.7 %

86.8 8.0 %

45.9 4.2 %

46.3 4.3 %

3.5 0.3 %

15.72 3.37 6.72 5.84 81.12 0.99 6.47 9.39 40.47 61.13 2.75 44.34 1.18 1.37 1.87 2.60 5.13 0.38 17.20 9.84 19.19 7.96 7.01 2.17 2.12 6.72 8.52 58.02

9.20 1.31 5.43 1.47 51.76 0.22 1.72 0.97 13.45 28.32 0.98 33.18 0.00 0.32 0.52 0.60 5.45 0.00 17.17 4.88 8.98 1.64 5.47 0.56 3.09 0.84 0.75 37.97

7.03 2.44 4.68 2.64 44.26 0.59 2.16 4.37 19.95 36.54 1.32 24.72 0.35 0.56 0.80 0.54 3.11 0.18 8.87 5.23 10.99 3.94 3.70 1.10 2.10 6.75 10.74 26.04

1.58 1.21 2.73 1.45 13.96 0.48 0.33 1.44 5.29 11.54 1.24 8.37 0.11 0.94 0.70 0.13 2.17 0.01 1.23 3.83 5.45 2.19 3.53 0.62 0.64 5.39 6.53 3.77

0.51 0.82 2.08 2.42 9.59 0.43 0.00 0.05 0.00 2.35 0.21 3.85 0.00 0.50 0.80 0.05 0.97 0.00 2.46 1.83 5.46 0.24 1.27 0.17 0.63 3.83 4.19 1.15

1.61 0.33 2.33 0.12 10.40 0.04 0.51 0.22 1.31 4.11 0.08 1.72 0.00 0.04 0.18 0.05 0.43 0.00 1.53 1.46 11.69 0.01 0.84 0.04 1.32 0.60 1.04 4.28

0.14 0.03 0.22 0.02 1.03 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.00 0.13 0.01 0.27 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.04 0.30 0.49 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.17 0.05 0.00 0.14


83



By Sector

Industry

Services

Agriculture and Fishing

Other


Residential


Transport

2015

358.6 33.1 %

275.2 25.4 %

274.7 25.3 %

146.9 13.6 %

24.7 2.3 %

3.8 0.4 %

10.44 3.40 6.49 4.95 63.17 0.79 4.62 6.58 33.60 50.08 2.11 39.54 0.87 1.15 1.83 2.42 4.35 0.31 14.27 9.00 17.24 6.61 5.58 1.80 2.21 4.79 8.67 51.77

8.14 2.20 6.69 4.25 53.17 0.86 2.71 4.40 14.88 37.66 2.42 32.49 0.32 1.11 1.37 0.50 5.96 0.08 9.56 5.98 18.84 2.54 7.38 1.11 1.99 4.90 7.20 36.48

11.89 2.71 7.47 2.11 60.95 0.52 2.41 3.13 18.92 28.64 1.09 26.02 0.20 0.79 0.98 0.65 4.24 0.05 14.27 9.12 15.05 4.45 6.47 1.23 4.43 10.70 11.53 24.73

4.56 0.99 2.85 1.87 34.72 0.47 1.25 1.87 10.04 22.54 0.74 15.39 0.21 0.59 0.58 0.40 2.18 0.13 6.55 2.73 7.81 1.96 1.76 0.46 1.30 2.71 4.00 16.28

0.72 0.19 0.61 0.76 0.00 0.13 0.22 0.27 2.49 4.43 0.23 2.85 0.04 0.16 0.10 0.02 0.58 0.01 3.76 0.55 3.31 0.44 0.46 0.08 0.15 0.72 0.37 1.02

0.03 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.55 0.78 0.00 0.14 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.25 0.02 0.00 0.36 0.00 1.09


84



By Sector – EU-28 – 1990-2015 (Mtoe)

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Industry Services

Transport Agriculture and Fishing

Residential Other

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – By Fuel – 1990-2015 (Mtoe) 600 500 400 300 200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable

Gases Derived Heat


85


2.6 Electricity 2.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity Total MW EU-28* Index 1995

1995 618 490 100 %

2000 681 077 110 %

2005 758 023 123 %

2010 883 927 143 %

2014 974 965 158 %

2015 981 870 159 %


14 917 1 975 13 803 10 823 116 226 1 4 060 8 942 45 621 107 616 2 072 65 923 690 2 068 5 866 1 250 7 404 0 19 034 17 395 29 482 9 384 5 998 2 518 7 238 14 434 33 625 70 125

15 685 11 085 15 323 12 316 118 884 2 800 4 711 10 904 53 924 114 665 2 079 75 510 988 2 092 5 716 1 217 8 282 0 21 062 17 802 30 559 10 908 6 120 2 614 7 454 16 260 33 724 78 393

16 096 12 260 17 406 13 036 128 612 2 559 6 175 13 306 76 574 115 755 3 866 85 498 1 125 2 166 4 556 1 682 8 586 0 21 800 18 898 32 257 13 374 18 951 2 992 8 257 16 468 33 390 82 378

18 690 10 031 20 073 13 438 162 698 2 751 8 019 15 312 101 788 124 551 4 121 106 610 1 560 2 557 3 570 1 711 8 993 572 26 688 21 187 33 360 18 932 19 912 3 193 7 873 15 536 36 454 93 747

20 934 11 390 21 920 13 624 198 416 3 030 9 084 18 895 106 470 128 942 4 426 121 747 1 724 2 924 4 037 2 022 8 655 678 31 762 24 048 35 989 19 125 23 884 3 453 8 092 16 245 38 736 94 713

21 146 10 914 21 866 14 005 204 052 2 857 9 557 18 942 106 901 129 309 4 798 116 955 1 756 2 933 3 587 2 023 8 579 667 33 866 24 443 37 322 19 625 23 830 3 359 7 782 15 875 39 712 95 209

Installed electricity capacity – Total – 1990-2015 (MW) 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 EU-28 400 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

200 000

* No complete EU-28 data available for 1990-2000. Source: Eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

86


2.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity

By Fuel

Solar PV

Other Sources


21 146 10 914 21 866 14 005 204 052 2 857 9 557 18 942 106 901 129 309 4 798 116 955 1 756 2 933 3 587 2 023 8 579 667 33 866 24 443 37 322 19 625 23 830 3 359 7 782 15 875 39 712 95 209

3 122 1 029 2 075 782 39 786 0 2 2 604 4 856 6 755 48 18 892 76 0 69 116 168 74 1 515 937 108 447 1 326 238 533 15 104 9 187

4 0 0 0 431 0 0 0 2 300 1 376 0 1 089 0 0 25 0 14 0 37 1 2 25 0 0 30 0 0 4

8 509 3 991 12 960 8 141 96 967 2 551 6 586 10 855 49 350 22 553 2 124 65 617 1 522 1 275 2 180 513 6 011 593 28 401 7 665 29 956 8 048 11 233 1 133 2 754 8 854 7 751 57 737

1 422 3 219 2 260 7 11 399 6 529 3 392 20 053 25 278 2 208 22 220 0 1 589 877 1 330 57 0 37 13 351 2 370 6 168 6 730 1 295 2 522 3 249 16 329 4 503

Wind

5 338 0.5 %

Hydro

94 864 9.7 %

Combustible Fuels

981 870 465 830 152 400 141 481 121 957 100.0 % 47.4 % 15.5 % 14.4 % 12.4 %

Installed Electricity Capacity

MW EU-28 Share ( %)

Nuclear

2015

2 176 700 281 5 075 44 670 300 2 440 2 091 22 943 10 217 418 9 137 158 69 436 64 329 0 3 391 2 489 4 886 4 937 3 130 5 3 1 005 5 840 14 291

5 913 1 975 4 290 0 10 799 0 0 0 7 399 63 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 000 0 485 0 0 0 1 411 688 1 940 2 752 9 688 9 487


87


2.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity * Renewables

Solar Thermal

Geothermal

Tide Wave and Ocean

94 864 9.7 %

2 302 0.2 %

822 0.1 %

244 0.0 %

3 122 1 029 2 075 782 39 786 0 2 2 604 4 856 6 755 48 18 892 76 0 69 116 168 74 1 515 937 108 447 1 326 238 533 15 104 9 187

0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 2 0 768 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

6 720 4 948 4 616 5 864 95 883 306 2 971 8 087 50 152 42 492 2 674 51 017 234 1 658 1 382 1 510 554 74 4 943 16 778 7 364 11 577 11 186 1 538 3 058 4 269 22 273 27 985

Hydro

Solar PV


392 113 152 400 141 481 39.9 % 15.5 % 14.4 %

Total Renewables

MW EU-28 Share (%)

Wind

2015

1 422 3 219 2 260 7 11 399 6 529 3 392 20 053 25 278 2 208 22 220 0 1 589 877 1 330 57 0 37 13 351 2 370 6 168 6 730 1 295 2 522 3 249 16 329 4 503

2 176 700 281 5 075 44 670 300 2 440 2 091 22 943 10 217 418 9 137 158 69 436 64 329 0 3 391 2 489 4 886 4 937 3 130 5 3 1 005 5 840 14 291

* Net maximum capacity. Source: Eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

88


2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation Total TWh EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2 743.6 100 %

2000 3 035.8 111 %

2005 3 325.8 121 %

2010 3 366.1 123 %

2014 3 190.8 116 %

2015 3 234.3 118 %


74.41 41.79 60.85 36.76 537.28 8.69 17.86 41.55 167.09 494.27 9.28 241.49 2.50 3.98 13.90 1.23 34.02 1.63 81.17 56.23 139.01 33.27 59.27 12.91 26.77 64.04 148.35 334.04

84.01 40.92 73.47 36.05 576.54 8.51 23.98 53.84 224.47 539.95 11.28 276.64 3.37 4.14 11.43 1.17 35.19 1.92 89.63 61.26 145.18 43.76 51.93 13.62 31.16 69.98 145.27 377.07

87.03 44.37 82.58 36.25 622.58 10.21 25.97 60.02 294.08 576.06 13.16 303.70 4.38 4.91 14.78 4.13 35.76 2.24 99.92 66.83 156.94 46.58 59.41 15.12 31.46 70.58 158.44 398.36

95.19 46.65 85.90 38.86 632.98 12.96 28.35 57.39 301.53 569.10 14.90 302.06 5.32 6.63 5.75 4.59 37.37 2.11 119.27 71.13 157.66 54.09 60.98 16.44 27.86 80.67 148.56 381.77

72.67 47.49 86.15 32.18 627.80 12.45 26.09 50.47 278.75 563.69 13.55 279.83 4.35 5.14 4.40 2.97 29.39 2.25 103.42 65.44 159.06 52.80 65.68 17.44 27.40 68.09 153.66 338.18

70.65 49.23 83.89 28.95 646.89 10.42 28.39 51.87 281.02 568.45 11.40 282.99 4.53 5.53 4.93 2.76 30.34 1.30 110.07 65.30 164.94 52.42 66.30 15.10 26.90 68.60 162.06 339.10


89


2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation

By Fuel

Renewables

Nuclear

Gases


Wastes non-RES


Solid Fuels

TWh EU-28 Share (%)

Gross Electricity Generation

2015

3 234.3 100.0 %

791.5 24.5 %

965.8 29.9 %

857.1 26.5 %

529.9 16.4 %

61.1 1.9 %

23.2 0.7 %

70.65 49.23 83.89 28.95 646.89 10.42 28.39 51.87 281.02 568.45 11.40 282.99 4.53 5.53 4.93 2.76 30.34 1.30 110.07 65.30 164.94 52.42 66.30 15.10 26.90 68.60 162.06 339.10

2.21 22.52 41.14 7.11 272.20 8.04 7.39 22.11 51.37 9.65 2.31 43.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.79 0.00 38.44 2.98 130.52 14.73 18.13 4.39 2.83 8.21 0.57 75.63

15.57 9.25 10.70 18.96 193.29 1.50 8.15 14.90 100.32 94.32 7.68 110.34 0.40 2.78 2.35 1.86 3.21 0.10 13.70 50.78 23.29 25.51 26.58 4.64 6.31 30.53 102.57 86.29

26.10 15.38 26.84 0.00 91.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.31 437.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.83 0.00 4.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.64 5.65 15.15 23.25 56.35 70.35

24.85 1.86 4.96 1.82 74.53 0.62 12.37 9.09 53.81 22.32 1.20 113.05 0.00 2.76 1.98 0.83 5.23 0.00 49.39 9.88 8.83 10.56 9.48 0.40 2.11 5.77 1.12 101.12

0.21 0.18 0.09 0.31 6.21 0.13 0.41 5.66 17.24 2.16 0.22 13.38 4.14 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.08 1.20 1.43 0.86 2.12 1.31 0.47 0.02 0.38 0.21 0.25 2.13

1.25 0.00 0.08 0.75 7.06 0.13 0.07 0.11 0.77 2.25 0.00 2.43 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.14 0.00 1.63 0.78 0.08 0.30 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.39 1.20 3.58


90


2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation Renewables

Wind

Biomass and Renewable

Solar

Geothermal

Tide, Wave and Ocean


Hydro

TWh EU-28 Share (%)

Renewables

2015

965.8 100.0 %

371.2 38.4 %

301.9 31.3 %

177.9 18.4 %

107.9 11.2 %

6.5 0.7 %

0.5 0.1 %

15.57 9.25 10.70 18.96 193.29 1.50 8.15 14.90 100.32 94.32 7.68 110.34 0.40 2.78 2.35 1.86 3.21 0.10 13.70 50.78 23.29 25.51 26.58 4.64 6.31 30.53 102.57 86.29

1.42 6.15 3.07 0.02 24.90 0.03 1.10 6.15 31.37 59.40 6.56 46.97 0.00 1.86 1.02 1.53 0.23 0.00 0.09 40.59 2.44 9.80 17.01 4.09 4.14 16.77 75.44 9.03

5.57 1.45 0.57 14.13 79.21 0.72 6.57 4.62 49.33 21.25 0.80 14.84 0.22 0.15 0.81 0.10 0.69 0.00 7.55 4.84 10.86 11.61 7.06 0.01 0.01 2.33 16.27 40.31

5.51 0.27 4.79 4.21 50.32 0.76 0.48 0.23 5.76 5.92 0.27 19.40 0.05 0.77 0.45 0.13 2.16 0.01 4.93 4.41 9.94 3.10 0.52 0.27 1.66 11.42 10.77 29.39

3.07 1.38 2.26 0.60 38.73 0.00 0.00 3.90 13.86 7.26 0.06 22.94 0.13 0.00 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.09 1.12 0.94 0.06 0.80 1.98 0.27 0.51 0.01 0.10 7.56

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


91



Nuclear

Gases


Share of Total (%) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Renewables

By Fuel – EU-28

Solid Fuels

39.3 38.7 37.2 35.5 35.1 34.5 33.6 31.6 31.2 29.8 30.8 30.2 30.4 31.1 29.8 28.9 29.2 29.1 26.6 25.5 24.6 25.8 27.3 26.8 25.3 24.5

12.6 13.0 13.6 13.9 14.1 13.9 13.6 13.9 14.4 14.4 14.8 15.3 13.9 13.6 14.8 14.9 15.5 16.2 17.6 19.5 21.1 21.4 24.2 27.2 29.2 29.9

30.6 31.1 31.5 32.8 32.2 32.1 32.5 32.8 31.9 31.9 31.1 31.4 31.5 30.8 30.5 30.0 29.4 27.6 27.7 27.7 27.2 27.5 26.8 26.8 27.5 26.5

8.6 8.2 8.1 9.1 10.2 10.7 12.0 13.8 14.6 16.6 16.9 17.0 17.7 18.7 19.8 21.2 21.3 23.0 24.4 23.5 23.7 22.3 18.7 16.6 15.4 16.4

8.6 8.8 9.2 8.3 8.1 8.4 8.0 7.5 7.5 6.9 6.0 5.6 5.9 5.3 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.9


92



By Fuel – EU-28 – 1990-2015 (TWh)

1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Solid Fuels Nuclear


Gases Wastes non-RES

gross electricity generation – EU-28 – Renewables – 1990-2015 (TWh) 500

400

300

200

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Hydro Wind Solar Geothermal Wastes non-RES

Biomass and Renewable Wastes Tide, Wave and Ocean


93


2.6.3 Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer % BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1999 92.3

2000 91.1

2005 85.0

2010 79.1

2013 64.9

2014 59.8

2015 48.5

71.0 40.0 28.1 93.0 97.0 98.0 51.8 93.8

69.2 36.0 34.0 91.0 97.0 97.0 42.4 90.2

71.1 99.7 96.5 73.7

46.7 99.6 95.8 72.8

72.0 33.0 31.0 92.0 71.0 97.0 35.0 89.1 87.0 38.6 100.0 92.7 70.3

38.9 100.0

41.3 100.0

38.7 100.0

73.0 46.0 28.4 89.0 34.0 85.1 24.0 86.5 88.0 28.0 100.0 88.0 35.4 85.4 42.1 100.0

58.2 41.0 32.0 87.0 54.0 67.0 22.0 83.8 84.0 27.0 100.0 79.8 24.4 58.4 52.9 100.0

57.5 36.6 32.0 84.8 51.0 71.5 23.8 86.8 80.3 29.0 100.0 54.8 20.6 61.3 54.0 100.0

55.4 33.0 32.0 79.8 55.0 70.7 24.5 85.7 77.8 27.0 100.0 57.4 22.7 43.8 53.1 100.0

21.4 20.8 57.8

32.6 19.5 58.5

83.6 26.0 52.8 21.0

85.1 23.3 49.5 20.6

18.5 53.9 36.4 50.1 83.6 23.0 47.0 20.5

17.4 47.2 33.6 56.3 80.9 26.6 42.0 21.0

17.3 43.9 26.8 57.1 83.8 25.3 44.8 29.3

17.9 46.5 29.9 52.4 81.8 25.2 42.9

17.4 42.5 25.7 51.3 73.1 25.9 40.6


94


2.7 Solar and Wind Energy 2.7.1 Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity Total MW EU-28

1995 2 479

2000 12 890

2005 42 697

2010 114 837

2014 218 224

2015 238 647


5 0 0 599 1 155 0 6 27 105 5 0 38 0 1 0 0 0 0 252 2 0 8 0 0 0 7 69 200

14 0 1 2 391 6 209 0 119 226 2 218 45 0 382 0 2 0 14 0 0 460 55 4 84 0 0 0 40 212 414

169 8 23 3 131 20 431 31 517 492 9 978 703 6 1 669 1 26 1 59 17 0 1 275 808 121 1 066 1 0 5 86 497 1 576

1 816 513 1 940 3 809 44 734 108 1 375 1 500 25 346 6 956 79 9 386 89 30 133 73 295 1 2 327 1 135 1 108 3 930 389 12 22 204 2 030 5 497

4 971 1 726 2 346 5 493 77 429 275 2 213 4 574 30 062 14 722 372 27 277 211 69 357 168 406 55 3 913 2 895 3 863 5 271 4 537 227 536 638 5 157 18 461

5 298 1 729 2 356 5 857 84 458 300 2 442 4 695 30 099 16 972 466 28 029 234 69 505 180 497 74 4 906 3 426 4 994 5 384 4 456 243 536 1 020 5 944 23 478

Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity – Total – 1990-2015 (MW) 300 000 200 000 100 000

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


95


2.7.1 Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity Share of Total installed electricity capacity % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.4

2000 1.9

2005 5.6

2010 13.0

2014 22.4

2015 24.3

0.03 0.00 0.00 5.53 0.99 0.00 0.15 0.30 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.32 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.21 0.29

0.09 0.00 0.01 19.41 5.22 0.00 2.53 2.07 4.11 0.04 0.00 0.51 0.00 0.10 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.31 0.01 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.63 0.53

1.05 0.07 0.13 24.02 15.89 1.21 8.37 3.70 13.03 0.61 0.16 1.95 0.09 1.20 0.02 3.51 0.20 0.00 5.85 4.28 0.38 7.97 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.52 1.49 1.91

9.72 5.11 9.66 28.34 27.50 3.93 17.15 9.80 24.90 5.58 1.92 8.80 5.71 1.17 3.73 4.27 3.28 0.17 8.72 5.36 3.32 20.76 1.95 0.38 0.28 1.31 5.57 5.86

23.75 15.15 10.70 40.32 39.02 9.08 24.36 24.21 28.24 11.42 8.40 22.40 12.24 2.36 8.84 8.31 4.69 8.11 12.32 12.04 10.73 27.56 19.00 6.57 6.62 3.93 13.31 19.49

25.05 15.84 10.77 41.82 41.39 10.50 25.55 24.79 28.16 13.13 9.71 23.97 13.33 2.35 14.08 8.90 5.79 11.09 14.49 14.02 13.38 27.43 18.70 7.23 6.89 6.43 14.97 24.66

Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity – Share of Total – 1990-2015 (%) 30 20 10

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


96


2.7.2 Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity Total MW EU-28

1995 2 430

2000 12 711

2005 40 400

2010 84 566

2014 129 100

2015 141 481


5 0 0 599 1 137 0 6 27 98 3 0 22 0 1 0 0 0 0 250 1 0 8 0 0 0 6 67 200

14 0 1 2 390 6 095 0 119 226 2 206 38 0 363 0 2 0 14 0 0 447 50 4 83 0 0 0 38 209 412

167 8 22 3 128 18 375 31 517 491 9 918 690 6 1 635 0 26 1 35 17 0 1 224 778 121 1 064 1 0 5 82 493 1 565

912 488 213 3 802 27 180 108 1 374 1 298 20 693 5 912 79 5 794 82 30 133 44 293 0 2 237 981 1 108 3 796 389 0 3 197 2 019 5 401

1 944 700 278 4 886 39 193 275 2 211 1 978 22 975 9 068 339 8 683 147 69 288 58 329 0 2 865 2 110 3 836 4 856 3 244 4 3 627 5 097 13 037

2 176 700 281 5 075 44 670 300 2 440 2 091 22 943 10 217 418 9 137 158 69 436 64 329 0 3 391 2 489 4 886 4 937 3 130 5 3 1 005 5 840 14 291

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity – Total – 1990-2015 (MW) 150 000 100 000 50 000

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


97


2.7.2 Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity Share of Total installed electricity capacity % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.4

2000 1.9

2005 5.3

2010 9.6

2014 13.2

2015 14.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3

0.1 0.0 0.0 19.4 5.1 0.0 2.5 2.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.5

1.0 0.1 0.1 24.0 14.3 1.2 8.4 3.7 13.0 0.6 0.2 1.9 0.0 1.2 0.0 2.1 0.2 0.0 5.6 4.1 0.4 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.5 1.9

4.9 4.9 1.1 28.3 16.7 3.9 17.1 8.5 20.3 4.7 1.9 5.4 5.3 1.2 3.7 2.6 3.3 0.0 8.4 4.6 3.3 20.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 5.5 5.8

9.3 6.1 1.3 35.9 19.8 9.1 24.3 10.5 21.6 7.0 7.7 7.1 8.5 2.4 7.1 2.9 3.8 0.0 9.0 8.8 10.7 25.4 13.6 0.1 0.0 3.9 13.2 13.8

10.3 6.4 1.3 36.2 21.9 10.5 25.5 11.0 21.5 7.9 8.7 7.8 9.0 2.4 12.2 3.2 3.8 0.0 10.0 10.2 13.1 25.2 13.1 0.1 0.0 6.3 14.7 15.0


98


2.7.3 Wind Gross Electricity Production Total TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 4.1

2000 22.2

2005 70.5

2010 149.4

2014 253.1

2015 301.9

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 9.4 0.0 0.2 0.5 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9

0.2 0.0 0.0 6.6 27.2 0.1 1.1 1.3 21.2 1.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.3 0.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 2.9

1.3 0.7 0.3 7.8 37.8 0.3 2.8 2.7 44.3 9.9 0.1 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 4.0 2.1 1.7 9.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 3.5 10.3

4.6 1.3 0.5 13.1 57.4 0.6 5.1 3.7 52.0 17.2 0.7 15.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.0 5.8 3.8 7.7 12.1 6.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 11.2 32.0

5.6 1.5 0.6 14.1 79.2 0.7 6.6 4.6 49.3 21.2 0.8 14.8 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.0 7.6 4.8 10.9 11.6 7.1 0.0 0.0 2.3 16.3 40.3

Wind Gross Electricity Production – Total – 1990-2015 (Twh) 400 300 200 100

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


99


2.7.4 Wind Penetration Level in total gross electricity generation % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.1

2000 0.7

2005 2.1

2010 4.4

2014 7.9

2015 9.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 11.8 1.6 0.0 1.0 0.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3

0.3 0.0 0.0 18.2 4.4 0.5 4.3 2.1 7.2 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.1 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.7

1.4 1.5 0.4 20.1 6.0 2.1 9.9 4.7 14.7 1.7 0.9 3.0 0.6 0.7 3.9 1.2 1.4 0.0 3.3 2.9 1.1 17.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.4 2.7

6.4 2.8 0.6 40.6 9.1 4.9 19.7 7.3 18.7 3.1 5.4 5.4 4.2 2.7 14.5 2.7 2.2 0.0 5.6 5.9 4.8 22.9 9.4 0.0 0.0 1.6 7.3 9.5

7.9 2.9 0.7 48.8 12.2 6.9 23.2 8.9 17.6 3.7 7.0 5.2 4.9 2.7 16.4 3.7 2.3 0.0 6.9 7.4 6.6 22.1 10.7 0.0 0.0 3.4 10.0 11.9


100


2.7.5 Wind Capacity Factor

Annual Average % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 19.1

2000 19.9

2005 19.9

2010 20.1

2014 22.4

2015 24.3

20.5 0.0 0.0 22.4 17.2 0.0 30.4 14.4 31.4 19.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.5 11.4 0.0 22.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.9 16.9 22.3

13.0 0.0 11.4 20.2 17.5 0.0 23.4 22.8 24.4 14.4 0.0 17.7 0.0 22.8 0.0 22.0 0.0 0.0 21.2 15.3 14.3 23.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.4 24.9 26.2

15.5 7.1 10.9 24.1 16.9 19.9 24.5 29.4 24.4 15.9 19.0 16.4 0.0 20.6 22.8 16.9 6.7 0.0 19.3 19.5 12.7 19.0 0.0 0.0 13.7 23.7 21.7 21.2

16.2 15.9 17.9 23.4 15.9 29.3 23.4 23.9 24.4 19.2 20.1 18.0 4.3 18.6 19.2 14.3 20.8 0.0 20.4 24.0 17.1 27.6 9.0 0.0 22.8 17.0 19.8 21.7

27.1 21.7 19.6 30.5 16.7 25.1 26.5 21.3 25.8 21.7 24.6 19.9 14.1 23.3 25.3 15.7 22.8 0.0 23.1 20.8 22.8 28.5 21.8 11.4 22.8 20.1 25.1 28.0

29.2 23.7 23.3 31.8 20.2 27.2 30.7 25.2 24.5 23.7 21.7 18.5 16.0 24.3 21.2 18.2 24.0 0.0 25.4 22.2 25.4 26.8 25.7 13.7 22.8 26.4 31.8 32.2


101


2.7.6 Solar Collectors’ Surface 1 000 m2 EU-28

1995 6 543

2000 11 052

2005 18 291

2010 35 537

2014 46 251

2015 48 152


36 0 0 144 1 166 0 2 2 101 319 598 0 174 0 0 0 0 27 0 139 1 241 0 200 0 0 0 7 135 254

41 0 0 243 3 251 0 4 2 941 403 513 20 271 0 0 0 0 36 0 276 2 202 0 238 0 0 0 10 207 396

77 0 85 286 7 099 0 13 3 047 797 583 41 680 730 0 0 6 45 0 422 3 083 95 289 0 0 64 16 371 462

371 194 309 480 14 044 0 185 4 100 2 373 1 447 92 2 415 909 0 0 29 140 40 576 4 441 656 752 104 178 123 31 510 1 038

615 327 507 810 17 987 0 300 4 287 3 348 2 096 162 3 538 993 0 0 52 250 50 644 5 059 1 730 1 079 143 236 166 45 475 1 352

661 344 538 957 18 625 0 320 4 390 3 591 2 171 183 3 724 1 009 0 0 56 280 51 647 5 059 1 900 1 121 204 239 171 50 478 1 383

Solar Collectors’ Surface – Total – 1990-2015 (1 000 m2) 60 000 40 000 20 000

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


102


2.7.7 Solar Installed Capacity Total MW EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 49

2000 179

2005 2 297

2010 30 271

2014 89 124

2015 97 166

0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 7 2 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0

0 0 0 1 114 0 0 0 12 7 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 5 0 1 0 0 0 2 3 2

2 0 1 3 2 056 0 0 1 60 13 0 34 1 0 0 24 0 0 51 30 0 2 0 0 0 4 4 11

904 25 1 727 7 17 554 0 1 202 4 653 1 044 0 3 592 7 0 0 29 2 1 90 154 0 134 0 12 19 7 11 96

3 027 1 026 2 068 607 38 236 0 2 2 596 7 087 5 654 33 18 594 64 0 69 110 77 55 1 048 785 27 415 1 293 223 533 11 60 5 424

3 122 1 029 2 075 782 39 788 0 2 2 604 7 156 6 755 48 18 892 76 0 69 116 168 74 1 515 937 108 447 1 326 238 533 15 104 9 187

Solar Installed Capacity – Total – 1990-2015 (MW) 150 000 100 000

EU-28

50 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


103


2.7.8 Solar Gross Electricity Production Total TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.0

2000 0.1

2005 1.5

2010 23.3

2014 97.8

2015 107.9

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 7.2 0.6 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.9 1.3 2.1 0.6 36.1 0.0 0.0 3.8 13.7 5.9 0.0 22.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.6 1.6 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 4.0

3.1 1.4 2.3 0.6 38.7 0.0 0.0 3.9 13.9 7.3 0.1 22.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.9 0.1 0.8 2.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.1 7.6

Solar Gross Electricity Production – Total – 1990-2015 (TWh) 150 100

EU-28

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


104


2.7.9 Solar Penetration Level in Total Gross Electricity Generation % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.0

2000 0.0

2005 0.0

2010 0.7

2014 3.1

2015 3.3

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

4.0 2.6 2.5 1.9 5.7 0.0 0.0 7.5 4.9 1.0 0.3 8.0 1.9 0.0 1.7 3.2 0.2 3.0 0.8 1.2 0.0 1.2 2.5 1.5 2.2 0.0 0.0 1.2

4.3 2.8 2.7 2.1 6.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 4.9 1.3 0.5 8.1 2.8 0.0 1.5 3.8 0.4 7.1 1.0 1.4 0.0 1.5 3.0 1.8 1.9 0.0 0.1 2.2


105


2.8 CHP 2.8.1 CHP Electricity

Generation and Capacity CHP Electricity Generation

CHP Electrical Capacity

TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2014 331.1

2015 362.9

2013 113.4

2014 119.3

2015 119.7

12.7 3.7 12.0 14.1 78.7 1.2 2.0 1.9 24.1 13.9 1.7 36.7 0.1 2.4 1.7 0.4 3.9 0.0 34.8 9.9 26.1 7.2 6.6 1.2 22.2 24.3 15.6 19.7

12.2 3.0 11.8 11.5 74.8 1.2 2.0 1.9 23.3 11.6 0.9 36.7 0.1 2.4 1.5 0.4 3.8 0.0 30.0 8.5 24.1 6.8 6.1 1.2 23.0 12.1 20.3

12.5 2.9 11.8 11.6 78.8 1.2 2.1 2.0 22.7 13.9 0.8 39.5 0.0 2.5 1.5 0.4 4.1 0.0 29.8 9.0 26.5 6.5 5.6 1.2 21.1 21.7 13.7 19.4

2.3 1.2 4.6 6.3 27.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 3.4 4.8 0.7 8.3 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.7 0.0 9.4 5.6 8.3 1.4 2.1 0.4 4.4 6.1 4.8 6.2

2.4 0.9 4.6 6.2 37.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 3.9 6.2 0.7 8.6 0.0 1.1 1.1 0.1 2.3 0.0 9.2 4.0 8.6 1.4 1.8 0.4 6.0 5.0 6.3

2.4 1.1 4.6 6.1 37.1 0.4 0.3 0.6 3.5 5.6 0.6 9.0 0.0 1.1 1.0 0.1 1.6 0.0 9.2 2.8 8.6 1.3 1.8 0.4 3.7 5.8 4.9 5.9

Source: Eurostat, July 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

106

GW

2013 378.5


2.8.2 CHP Heat

Production and Capacity CHP Heat Production

CHP Heat Capacity*

PJ EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

GW

2013 2014 2015 2 901.1 2 767.9 2 791.7 27.1 40.4 120.9 104.6 654.0 12.6 12.4 10.5 174.9 150.7 13.3 212.8 0.2 11.3 15.3 3.4 27.0 0.0 217.9 110.8 257.4 68.4 57.9 10.8 27.8 251.2 165.1 142.5

107.4 33.4 105.6 91.1 651.4 12.7 11.6 10.1 138.2 132.0 11.3 202.5 0.2 11.8 13.1 2.5 25.9 0.0 196.3 102.5 237.6 69.3 55.4 10.2 247.6 145.1 143.3

2013 279.7

2014 285.7

2015 303.8

5.3 4.1 21.0 9.7 73.1 1.4 0.7 0.8 5.6 12.1 1.7 16.3 0.0 3.3 2.4 0.9 3.2 0.0 18.3 9.2 24.6 4.8 10.1 0.7 15.5 15.8 11.4 7.7

5.5 3.4 21.0 9.6 92.2 1.4 0.6 0.8 5.5 13.7 1.7 19.8 0.0 1.3 2.2 0.2 4.8 0.0 18.3 8.9 25.2 4.6 10.0 0.7 15.4 10.7 8.2

5.1 3.7 21.0 9.5 95.1 1.3 0.6 0.7 5.0 14.1 1.6 14.2 0.0 1.2 1.9 0.2 3.2 0.0 18.1 8.6 23.9 4.3 9.8 0.7 24.3 15.2 12.8 7.6

104.4 31.9 106.0 93.3 669.9 12.5 12.6 10.9 120.3 154.9 10.0 213.2 0.2 12.4 12.4 2.4 24.4 0.0 189.6 105.9 238.6 59.3 51.0 10.4 27.3 242.4 151.3 124.2

* Data on heat capacity before 2009 is not consistent across the EU-28. Source: Eurostat, July 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

107


2.8.3 CHP Electricity and Heat

CHP Electricity and Heat Generation EU-28 (PJ – GCV)

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CHP Electricity Generation

Source: Eurostat, July 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

108

CHP Heat Production


2.9 Heat * 2.9.1 Gross Heat Generation Total PJ (GCV) EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 2 286.7 100 %

2000 2 187.3 96 %

2005 2 593.2 113 %

2010 2 703.6 118 %

2013 2 504.3 110 %

2014 2 324.7 102 %

2015 2 370.4 104 %

10.0 133.5 175.9 119.1 416.6 30.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.0 13.2 0.0 0.0 46.1 66.9 0.0 61.3 0.0 130.1 39.2 420.8 1.5 287.0 8.9 42.1 97.7 163.1 0.0

23.2 50.8 139.2 119.2 315.9 27.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 135.5 11.5 0.0 0.0 31.9 48.2 0.5 69.2 0.0 172.4 47.9 340.7 5.6 190.8 9.4 36.8 150.6 157.9 102.1

22.4 52.1 139.2 129.0 494.0 26.8 0.0 2.0 0.0 178.3 13.3 193.1 0.0 31.1 49.9 3.2 63.6 0.0 178.5 58.9 336.3 13.7 127.7 10.1 52.5 179.3 181.1 57.2

38.3 59.4 148.6 152.1 515.2 25.5 0.0 1.9 0.0 160.9 12.5 205.3 0.0 28.7 48.8 3.1 53.0 0.0 159.9 83.9 335.8 21.1 99.1 9.8 48.6 211.0 224.2 57.0

38.6 53.0 137.3 135.8 488.3 23.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 138.0 11.7 216.4 0.0 26.2 43.6 3.3 49.0 0.0 150.1 88.4 302.3 25.6 84.8 9.4 42.5 188.4 190.1 56.4

36.3 54.2 119.7 122.2 438.3 21.8 0.0 2.1 0.0 122.6 10.1 206.0 0.0 25.7 43.3 2.5 48.0 0.0 147.2 79.9 276.9 21.4 78.0 8.2 34.8 185.0 179.9 60.5

37.8 50.3 121.3 128.1 457.6 21.2 0.0 2.1 0.0 135.9 11.1 216.9 0.1 25.5 41.5 2.3 52.0 0.0 139.3 83.9 281.4 19.6 76.6 8.7 36.7 177.6 183.5 59.6

* Only Heat sold, as considered currently in the energy balances. Source: Eurostat, May 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

109


2.9.1 Gross Heat Generation

By Fuel

Solid Fuels

Renewables


Wastes non-RES

Nuclear


Gases

PJ (GCV) EU-28 Share (%)

Gross Heat Generation

2015

2 370.4 100.0%

914.5 38.6%

624.6 26.3%

543.3 22.9%

104.3 4.4%

112.8 4.8%

4.3 0.2%

37.8 50.3 121.3 128.1 457.6 21.2 0.0 2.1 0.0 135.9 11.1 216.9 0.1 25.5 41.5 2.3 52.0 0.0 139.3 83.9 281.4 19.6 76.6 8.7 36.7 177.6 183.5 59.6

23.6 23.1 37.2 23.6 190.7 7.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.2 9.2 139.7 0.0 16.0 11.5 1.7 40.3 0.0 91.7 31.7 34.2 19.1 44.8 2.0 17.8 27.9 10.2 53.2

0.0 19.2 70.2 26.0 150.7 3.2 0.0 2.1 0.0 7.6 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.0 7.9 3.5 228.9 0.0 24.1 4.9 6.7 54.3 8.5 3.3

2.0 0.5 8.6 61.3 64.8 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.7 0.8 37.9 0.1 9.3 19.2 0.6 6.8 0.0 13.1 37.8 12.9 0.0 3.3 1.5 5.6 74.1 125.6 0.8

0.5 5.3 1.1 1.4 4.9 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 1.1 32.7 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 17.1 4.8 3.4 0.4 4.5 0.1 4.6 7.4 2.6 1.6

1.6 0.0 1.4 12.3 37.8 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.4 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.8 0.0 9.6 6.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 5.0 18.2 0.7

0.0 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


110


2.9.1 Gross Heat Generation Total – EU-28 – 1990-2015 (PJ – GCV) 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28

500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Gross Heat Generation – By Fuel – 1990-2015 (PJ – GCV) 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Solid Fuels Nuclear Other


Gases Wastes non-RES


111


2.10 Transport 2.10.1 Fuels Final Consumption

Motor Gasoline

LPG

Final Consumption Biofuels

Biodiesel

Biogasoline

ktoe 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Gas/Diesel Oil

Petroleum Products and Biofuels – EU-28 Final Consumption Petroleum Products

278 520 280 700 290 092 293 578 296 714 300 387 310 455 316 052 327 291 336 595 337 134 339 505 342 372 346 769 355 999 357 872 363 630 367 825 359 781 346 185 343 116 340 230 329 030 326 363 330 254 335 867

106 291 108 995 114 516 117 452 120 485 123 436 130 056 133 918 142 150 148 388 153 117 158 754 163 945 171 738 181 161 186 031 193 613 199 700 197 894 192 289 195 221 194 911 191 104 191 310 195 017 200 266

138 227 138 709 140 943 140 419 138 994 138 159 139 720 139 232 139 526 140 127 134 043 131 701 129 676 124 667 120 828 115 318 111 416 107 600 101 750 97 502 91 755 87 891 81 987 79 207 78 975 77 449

2 707 2 629 2 488 2 616 2 792 3 046 3 182 3 470 3 552 3 531 3 653 3 872 4 132 4 292 4 632 4 775 4 937 4 898 5 050 5 267 5 312 5 510 5 478 5 787 5 839 5 890

5.7 6.4 21.9 51.8 138.8 216.2 317.2 432.3 408.3 455.3 709.0 835.6 1 109.3 1 420.3 1 927.0 3 198.0 5 365.0 7 592.8 9 753.5 11 553.8 13 104.6 13 608.2 14 307.2 13 007.7 14 062.6 14 030.0

5.7 6.4 15.0 24.8 111.1 187.4 273.7 368.3 335.0 383.2 636.4 752.3 929.6 1 168.5 1 603.4 2 469.9 3 898.2 5 807.3 7 693.2 9 258.3 10 261.7 10 731.5 11 473.5 10 328.3 11 397.3 11 345.3

0.0 0.0 5.1 24.3 25.0 24.3 39.0 55.0 63.4 59.5 58.2 65.3 158.1 240.8 304.4 573.4 876.3 1 162.6 1 800.4 2 238.6 2 804.6 2 864.3 2 822.0 2 674.7 2 656.9 2 680.2

EU-28 – Fuels Consumption in the Transport Sector – 1990-2015 (ktoe) 400 000 350 000

Final Consumption Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline LPG Biodiesel Biogasoline

Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels

300 000 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


112


2.10.2 Biofuels By Fuel – EU-28

ktoe 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

6 7 20 48 135 222 313 401 383 441 709 886 1 186 1 496 2 191 3 373 5 486 7 362 8 716 10 510 11 725 10 593 11 482 12 743 13 982 13 660

6 7 16 25 95 188 268 338 310 369 634 789 997 1 183 1 772 2 499 3 674 5 199 6 401 7 876 8 931 8 504 9 111 9 793 11 370 11 085

of Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil

of Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline

Share in Transport Fuels

Biogasoline

Biodiesel

Total Biofuels

Production

Total Biofuels

% 0 0 2 18 25 24 39 53 63 58 59 70 159 263 311 480 741 1 036 1 492 1 688 1 972 1 763 2 046 2 564 2 274 2 177

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 0.9 % 1.5 % 2.1 % 2.7 % 3.3 % 3.8 % 4.0 % 4.3 % 4.0 % 4.3 % 4.2 %

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.5 % 0.8 % 1.1 % 1.7 % 2.2 % 3.0 % 3.2 % 3.3 % 3.3 % 3.3 % 3.3 %

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 0.6 % 0.7 % 0.9 % 1.3 % 2.0 % 2.8 % 3.7 % 4.6 % 5.0 % 5.2 % 5.7 % 5.1 % 5.5 % 5.4 %


113


2.10.2 Biofuels

Production Biofuels – EU-28 – 1990-2015 (ktoe)

14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Biogasoline

Total Biofuels Other Liquid Biofuels

Biodiesel

Biofuels Share in Transport Fuels – EU-28 – 1990-2015 (%) 6 % 5% 4 % 3% 2 % 1%

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0 %

Total Biofuels

of Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline of Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil


114


2.11 Energy Efficiency 2.11.1 Energy Intensity

All Fuels toe/M€ '2010 EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 174 100 %

2000 155 89 %

2005 149 86 %

2010 138 79 %

2014 122 70 %

2015 120 69 %

199 947 401 104 159 696 141 150 144 158 263 115 166 484 592 144 377 175 168 124 519 151 551 268 503 238 205 166

190 759 362 88 145 466 116 149 142 145 239 112 169 315 386 119 314 149 141 114 360 151 442 231 437 205 163 147

173 614 328 81 141 374 93 137 141 144 223 117 149 252 330 135 278 163 142 124 322 157 357 220 355 192 149 130

167 465 291 82 129 418 91 127 121 134 209 111 142 260 242 116 271 142 136 116 278 135 282 202 264 198 138 116

142 445 261 66 114 388 75 132 113 120 190 98 128 216 202 94 228 114 119 106 233 131 234 184 220 186 123 96

141 448 251 65 113 358 62 133 114 120 194 100 129 207 205 89 234 91 118 107 227 134 227 178 215 177 111 94

Energy Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (toe/M€ '2010) 200 150 100

EU-28

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

115


2.11.2 Energy Consumption per Capita

Gross inland consumption – All Fuels kgoe/cap EU-28 Index 1995

1995 3 476 100 %

2000 3 551 102 %

2005 3 702 106 %

2010 3 506 101 %

2014 3 171 91 %

2015 3 201 92 %


5 314 2 692 4 059 3 873 4 190 3 815 3 076 2 265 2 575 4 076 1 686 2 846 3 045 1 849 2 371 8 194 2 533 2 006 4 896 3 413 2 562 2 062 2 039 3 052 3 308 5 759 5 838 3 836

5 792 2 261 4 025 3 703 4 166 3 549 3 819 2 626 3 055 4 254 1 872 3 061 3 495 1 622 2 011 8 427 2 475 2 060 4 918 3 627 2 317 2 467 1 632 3 245 3 390 6 267 5 518 3 922

5 654 2 569 4 454 3 614 4 145 4 132 3 713 2 863 3 331 4 403 2 269 3 284 3 464 2 041 2 596 10 407 2 735 2 414 5 158 4 161 2 416 2 618 1 834 3 667 3 542 6 589 5 659 3 891

5 618 2 395 4 342 3 621 4 065 4 613 3 334 2 583 2 802 4 128 2 191 3 006 3 345 2 183 2 160 9 244 2 656 2 268 5 175 4 106 2 648 2 297 1 764 3 584 3 312 6 934 5 437 3 407

4 789 2 449 4 018 2 986 3 878 5 074 2 945 2 230 2 509 3 768 1 930 2 485 2 598 2 224 2 275 7 681 2 411 2 083 4 537 3 817 2 481 2 118 1 612 3 228 2 988 6 378 4 998 2 948

4 825 2 570 4 027 2 962 3 870 4 757 3 063 2 252 2 614 3 799 2 018 2 569 2 682 2 205 2 366 7 420 2 557 1 761 4 589 3 877 2 511 2 217 1 631 3 189 3 030 6 059 4 665 2 940

Energy consumption per Capita – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (kgoe/cap) 4 000 3 000 2 000

EU-28

1 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Source: Eurostat, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

116


2.11.3 Final Electricity Consumption per Capita

All Fuels kWh/cap EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 4 685 100 %

2000 5 189 111 %

2005 5 630 120 %

2010 5 642 120 %

2014 5 331 114 %

2015 5 390 115 %

6 757 3 404 4 653 5 922 5 534 3 146 4 128 3 235 3 555 5 780 2 129 4 192 3 444 1 786 1 744 12 316 2 684 3 345 5 245 5 881 2 325 2 878 1 601 4 696 4 057 12 791 14 129 5 086

7 573 2 961 4 804 6 089 5 884 3 579 5 371 4 005 4 657 6 357 2 631 4 795 4 339 1 880 1 764 13 319 2 880 4 031 6 020 6 441 2 563 3 744 1 511 5 293 4 077 14 636 14 526 5 611

7 678 3 345 5 421 6 184 6 330 4 445 5 923 4 640 5 595 6 735 3 344 5 199 5 402 2 547 2 377 13 334 3 203 4 614 6 419 7 001 2 751 4 414 1 817 6 379 4 253 15 420 14 504 5 797

7 686 3 652 5 183 5 792 6 509 5 181 5 588 4 777 5 266 6 868 3 686 5 057 5 960 2 931 2 652 13 132 3 416 4 406 6 516 7 222 3 122 4 718 2 036 5 835 4 477 15 603 14 048 5 262

7 258 3 819 5 082 5 425 6 350 5 248 5 241 4 530 4 878 6 291 3 493 4 631 4 621 3 289 3 138 11 247 3 517 4 713 6 039 7 133 3 297 4 334 2 101 6 045 4 460 14 518 12 669 4 709

7 272 3 933 5 169 5 424 6 339 5 211 5 416 4 677 4 995 6 391 3 631 4 729 4 830 3 253 3 198 11 051 3 672 4 924 6 101 7 091 3 363 4 416 2 166 6 199 4 495 14 340 12 810 4 668

Final Electricity Consumption per Capita – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (kWh/cap) 8 000 6 000 4 000

EU-28

2 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Source: Eurostat, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

117


2.11.4 Primary Energy Intensity

All Fuels toe/M€ '2010 EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 162 100 %

2000 145 89 %

2005 140 86 %

2010 129 80 %

2014 114 70 %

2015 113 70 %

177 896 378 102 148 674 134 147 133 147 236 108 161 480 555 142 353 175 144 118 499 136 536 263 477 229 197 157

168 719 343 86 135 450 110 145 132 136 220 107 163 309 349 117 295 149 119 108 342 137 419 223 404 198 157 140

151 588 306 80 131 359 90 133 133 135 207 111 145 247 302 134 256 159 116 117 306 143 335 211 331 186 143 124

147 454 272 81 120 412 89 122 114 127 196 105 138 256 219 115 250 141 112 110 265 125 271 197 249 192 132 112

119 433 243 65 106 381 74 128 109 113 177 93 127 211 172 93 210 114 97 99 221 122 223 180 207 180 118 92

119 434 236 64 105 352 61 129 110 114 182 96 127 201 172 88 216 90 99 101 214 126 219 174 201 171 107 90

Primary Energy Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (toe/M€ '2010) 200 150 100 EU-28 50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

118


2 .11 .5 Carbon Intensity

All Fuels kg CO2/toe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2 508 100 %

2000 2 415 96 %

2005 2 353 94 %

2010 2 241 89 %

2014 2 186 87 %

2015 2 181 87 %


2 230 2 545 3 148 2 965 2 773 3 252 3 304 3 267 2 609 1 674 2 185 2 760 3 275 1 940 1 725 2 919 2 374 3 367 2 096 2 415 3 658 2 669 2 723 2 520 2 530 1 992 1 157 2 568

2 030 2 442 3 083 2 735 2 666 3 038 3 224 3 311 2 485 1 648 2 369 2 696 3 047 1 854 1 660 2 642 2 342 1 915 2 001 2 342 3 574 2 617 2 548 2 403 2 257 1 759 1 128 2 526

1 933 2 574 2 787 2 696 2 580 3 013 3 287 3 402 2 515 1 577 2 418 2 602 3 119 1 648 1 607 2 785 2 220 1 823 1 895 2 381 3 485 2 552 2 550 2 313 2 254 1 669 1 056 2 521

1 716 2 701 2 599 2 514 2 555 3 004 2 881 3 180 2 143 1 501 2 279 2 401 3 026 1 825 2 001 2 693 1 990 1 232 1 943 2 174 3 306 2 240 2 311 2 234 2 166 1 761 1 046 2 486

1 707 2 564 2 473 2 312 2 596 2 720 2 839 3 106 2 159 1 391 2 214 2 329 3 115 1 603 1 955 2 615 1 871 1 342 1 900 2 037 3 274 2 244 2 414 2 025 2 074 1 426 912 2 406

1 739 2 625 2 485 2 178 2 579 2 439 2 854 2 967 2 222 1 392 2 143 2 321 3 032 1 637 1 915 2 563 1 878 919 1 966 2 070 3 268 2 341 2 446 2 059 2 068 1 387 962 2 310

Carbon Intensity – All Fuels – 1990-2015 (kg CO2/toe) 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500

EU-28

1 000 500 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

Sources: EEA/UNFCCC, Eurostat – June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

119


2.12 RES Indicators 2.12.1 RES Shares *

Overall and Heating & Cooling Overall RES with Aviation Cap** % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling

2005 9.0

2010 12.9

2014 16.1

2015 16.7

2005 10.9

2010 14.9

2014 18.1

2015 18.6

2.3 9.4 7.1 16.0 6.7 17.5 2.9 7.0 8.4 9.5 23.8 7.5 3.1 32.3 16.8 1.4 4.5 0.2 2.5 23.9 6.9 19.5 17.3 16.0 6.4 28.8 40.6 1.3

5.7 14.1 10.5 22.1 10.5 24.6 5.6 9.8 13.8 12.5 25.1 13.0 6.0 30.4 19.6 2.9 12.8 1.0 3.9 30.4 9.3 24.2 23.4 20.4 9.1 32.4 47.2 3.7

8.0 18.0 15.1 29.3 13.8 26.3 8.7 15.3 16.1 14.7 27.9 17.1 8.9 38.7 23.6 4.5 14.6 4.7 5.5 32.8 11.5 27.0 24.8 21.5 11.7 38.7 52.5 7.1

7.9 18.2 15.1 30.8 14.6 28.6 9.2 15.4 16.2 15.2 29.0 17.5 9.4 37.6 25.8 5.0 14.5 5.0 5.8 33.0 11.8 28.0 24.8 22.0 12.9 39.3 53.9 8.2

3.4 14.3 10.9 22.8 6.8 32.2 3.5 12.8 9.4 12.2 30.0 8.2 10.0 42.7 29.3 3.6 6.0 2.2 2.4 22.3 10.2 32.1 18.0 18.9 5.0 39.1 51.9 0.8

6.1 24.4 14.1 31.0 9.8 43.3 4.5 17.9 12.6 15.8 32.8 15.6 18.2 40.7 32.5 4.7 18.1 7.8 3.1 29.5 11.7 33.9 27.2 28.1 7.9 44.2 60.9 2.7

7.7 28.3 19.6 37.9 12.2 45.2 6.6 26.9 15.7 18.8 36.2 18.9 21.6 52.2 40.6 7.2 21.2 14.5 5.2 32.0 14.0 34.0 26.7 32.4 8.9 51.9 68.0 4.7

7.6 28.6 19.8 39.6 12.9 49.6 6.4 25.9 16.8 19.8 38.6 19.2 22.5 51.8 46.1 6.9 21.3 14.1 5.5 32.0 14.3 33.4 25.9 34.1 10.8 52.8 68.6 5.5

* Of the Gross Final Energy. ** Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules. Source: Eurostat, April 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

120


2.12.1 RES Shares *

Electricity and Transport RES-E – Electricity Generation % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

RES-T – Transport**

2005 14.8

2010 19.7

2014 27.5

2015 28.8

2005 1.8

2010 5.2

2014 6.5

2015 6.7

2.4 9.3 3.7 24.6 10.5 1.1 7.2 8.2 19.1 13.7 35.6 16.3 0.0 43.0 3.8 3.2 4.4 0.0 6.3 62.0 2.7 27.7 26.9 28.7 15.7 26.9 50.9 4.1

7.1 12.7 7.5 32.7 18.1 10.4 14.6 12.3 29.8 14.8 37.6 20.1 1.4 42.1 7.4 3.8 7.1 0.0 9.6 65.7 6.6 40.7 30.4 32.2 17.8 27.7 56.0 7.4

13.4 18.9 13.9 48.5 28.2 14.1 22.9 21.9 37.8 18.3 45.3 33.4 7.4 51.1 13.7 5.9 7.3 3.3 10.0 70.1 12.4 52.1 41.7 33.9 22.9 31.4 63.2 17.9

15.4 19.1 14.1 51.3 30.7 15.1 25.2 22.1 36.9 18.8 45.4 33.5 8.4 52.2 15.5 6.2 7.3 4.2 11.1 70.3 13.4 52.6 43.2 32.7 22.7 32.5 65.8 22.4

0.6 0.8 0.9 0.4 4.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.3 2.1 1.0 1.0 0.0 2.4 0.6 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.5 4.8 1.6 0.5 1.6 0.8 1.6 0.9 6.2 0.5

4.7 1.4 5.1 1.1 6.4 0.4 2.4 1.9 5.0 6.5 1.1 4.8 2.0 4.0 3.8 2.1 6.0 0.0 2.6 10.9 6.6 5.6 3.8 3.1 5.3 4.4 9.2 3.3

5.7 5.8 6.9 6.7 7.3 0.4 5.8 1.3 0.8 8.4 4.1 5.0 2.7 4.1 4.3 5.4 6.9 4.6 6.2 10.9 6.2 3.7 4.7 2.9 7.6 22.0 21.1 5.3

3.8 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.8 0.4 6.5 1.4 1.7 8.5 3.5 6.4 2.5 3.9 4.6 6.5 6.2 4.7 5.3 11.4 6.4 7.4 5.5 2.2 8.5 22.0 24.0 4.4

* Of the Gross Final Energy. ** Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules. Source: Eurostat, April 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

121


2.12.1 RES Shares *

In the gross final energy consumption – EU-28 (%)

30 %

25 %

20 %

15 %

10 %

5 %

0 %

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Overall RES with Aviation Cap – All Fuels RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport

* Break in Series between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules. Source: Eurostat, April 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

122


2.13 Energy Prices 2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

Automotive Diesel Oil – All Taxes Included Current Prices (€/litre) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2007 1.03 1.03 1.10 1.16 0.87 1.08 0.98 0.97 1.09 1.16 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.93 1.05 0.95 1.10 1.03 0.99 1.08 0.97 1.11 1.02 1.13 1.42

2010 1.14 0.98 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.10 1.22 1.24 1.07 1.14

2014 1.35 1.30 1.32 1.45 1.36 1.27 1.46 1.35 1.31 1.29

1.21 1.00 1.06 1.02 0.99 1.16 1.04 1.15 1.10 1.06 1.15 1.03 1.15 1.11 1.13 1.25 1.39

1.61 1.42 1.26 1.27 1.17 1.35 1.36 1.41 1.30 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.36 1.34 1.49 1.54 1.66

2015 1.16 1.13 1.15 1.28 1.18 1.08 1.26 1.18 1.12 1.15 1.16 1.41 1.23 1.06 1.07 1.02 1.16 1.27 1.24 1.12 1.08 1.19 1.20 1.18 1.14 1.31 1.37 1.59

2016 1.10 0.95 1.01 1.17 1.08 1.03 1.15 1.07 1.01 1.10 1.07 1.28 1.13 0.95 0.95 0.92 1.06 1.17 1.13 1.03 0.94 1.13 1.07 1.07 1.03 1.20 1.34 1.35

2017* 1.25 1.03 1.12 1.26 1.17 1.17 1.26 1.27 1.11 1.23 1.18 1.39 1.21 1.06 1.04 0.99 1.17 1.18 1.22 1.11 1.05 1.24 1.03 1.17 1.14 1.32 1.43 1.40

* Weekly prices, average 02/01/17-26/06/17. Sources: DG Energy, Member States, Weekly Oil Bulletin Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

123


2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

EurO-Super 95 – All Taxes Included Current Prices (€/litre) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2007 1.32 1.06 1.30 1.34 0.88 1.12 1.01 1.05 1.27 1.30 0.95 0.91 0.90 1.12 1.10 1.04 1.46 1.12 1.11 1.32 1.03 1.11 1.30 1.24 1.38

2010 1.40 1.02 1.25 1.44 1.39 1.11 1.30 1.43 1.16 1.34

2014 1.53 1.28 1.32 1.65 1.54 1.28 1.53 1.65 1.39 1.49

1.36 1.04 1.09 1.18 1.16 1.22 1.19 1.49 1.19 1.13 1.37 1.06 1.20 1.25 1.43 1.34 1.36

1.72 1.41 1.29 1.32 1.30 1.33 1.44 1.70 1.35 1.26 1.53 1.34 1.45 1.45 1.61 1.57 1.59

* Weekly prices, average 02/01/17-26/06/17. Sources: DG Energy, Member States, Weekly Oil Bulletin Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

124

2015 1.37 1.10 1.15 1.50 1.40 1.11 1.37 1.48 1.23 1.36 1.26 1.54 1.23 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.16 1.36 1.56 1.20 1.11 1.43 1.20 1.29 1.29 1.47 1.41 1.54

2016 1.26 0.98 1.06 1.41 1.31 1.06 1.28 1.39 1.15 1.30 1.18 1.44 1.15 1.07 1.06 1.09 1.07 1.29 1.48 1.11 1.00 1.38 1.09 1.19 1.21 1.38 1.38 1.33

2017* 1.37 1.03 1.15 1.50 1.38 1.18 1.38 1.52 1.23 1.39 1.28 1.54 1.22 1.16 1.14 1.16 1.16 1.31 1.56 1.18 1.09 1.47 1.04 1.28 1.29 1.48 1.47 1.37


2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

Consumer Prices of Petroleum Products EU-28 Weighted Average * (€ per litre)

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Euro-Super 95 LPG

Automotive Gas Oil

Heating Gas Oil

* All Taxes Included, weekly prices. Uncomplete EU-28 series for the period 2005-2013 due to later accession to the Eu of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. Sources: DG Energy, Member States, weekly oil bulletin Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

125


2.13.2 Fuel Prices * – Domestic Consumers Gas – Band D2 20GJ < Consumption < 200GJ – 2ND Semester** €/GJ (GCV) EU-28

2009 14.60

2010 15.85

2013 19.65

2014 19.96

2015 19.75

2016 17.67


14.33 9.67 13.11 23.64 16.35 10.07 15.29

16.78 11.98 14.35 26.81 15.86 11.14 14.63

14.88 16.20 9.10 14.84

15.00 15.98 10.54 21.86

18.55 14.39 15.98 27.14 19.13 13.21 20.07 24.66 24.78 20.24 13.00 26.29

18.06 13.44 15.63 24.38 18.93 13.71 20.70 22.16 26.64 21.16 13.20 26.41

17.24 10.86 16.21 21.22 18.93 10.68 20.11 20.83 26.57 20.35 12.76 25.13

14.83 8.65 15.65 20.59 17.83 9.10 18.83 18.12 23.82 18.79 10.28 23.29

10.52 11.29 12.82 13.23

11.28 12.59 13.13 15.38

13.99 17.05 15.71 11.67

13.56 13.87 14.27 9.74

13.47 12.12 13.40 9.78

11.29 10.76 11.62 9.99

18.73 17.23 12.78 16.52 7.45 14.96 13.21

19.99 16.71 14.04 17.49 7.73 18.68 12.39

23.97 20.96 14.14 25.93 8.52 19.71 14.39

22.79 20.28 13.90 28.87 8.85 17.61 14.42

22.30 19.75 13.84 27.28 9.45 16.91 13.74

22.45 18.71 12.26 22.96 8.98 15.64 12.37

26.12 11.84

29.48 11.72

34.01 16.33

31.63 17.94

32.58 18.56

31.73 13.93

* All Taxes and Levies Included. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

126


2.13.2 Fuel Prices * – Domestic Consumers Electricity – Band DC 2 500 kWh < Consumption < 5 000 kWh 2nd Semester** €/100 kWh EU-28

2009 16.38

2010 17.31

2013 20.24

2014 20.75

2015 21.03

2016 20.54


18.64 8.18 15.33 25.55 22.94 9.20 18.55 10.32 16.84 12.07 11.64 19.97 16.42 10.54 9.26 18.82 16.62 15.13 19.06 19.09 12.91 15.94 9.79 13.41 15.60 12.89 16.46 14.07

19.74 8.30 15.49 27.08 24.38 10.04 18.75 12.11 18.51 13.50 11.53 19.20 20.21 10.48 12.16 17.47 15.74 16.53 17.89 19.30 13.82 16.66 10.52 14.26 16.37 13.70 19.58 14.49

22.15 8.82 16.45 29.36 29.21 13.67 24.05 16.97 22.73 15.96 13.50 23.23 24.81 13.58 13.91 16.46 13.26 16.89 19.05 20.18 14.37 21.31 12.79 16.57 16.78 15.59 20.46 17.97

20.43 8.95 13.79 30.35 29.74 13.25 25.36 17.85 23.67 17.02 13.24 23.38 23.56 13.01 13.19 17.38 11.46 12.48 18.01 19.87 14.08 22.31 12.48 16.32 15.23 15.38 18.67 20.13

23.52 9.57 14.08 30.42 29.46 12.91 24.54 17.71 23.70 16.82 13.12 24.28 18.38 16.50 12.43 17.67 11.45 12.69 18.46 19.83 14.18 22.85 13.19 16.31 15.17 15.30 18.74 21.83

27.45 9.38 14.21 30.84 29.77 12.38 23.38 17.23 22.84 17.11 13.31 23.40 16.21 16.24 11.71 16.98 11.25 12.74 15.92 20.10 13.52 23.64 12.33 16.29 15.37 15.45 19.62 18.31

* All Taxes and Levies Included. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

127


2.13.3 Fuel Prices * – Industrial Consumers Gas – Band I3 10 000 GJ < Consumption < 100 000 GJ 2nd Semester** €/GJ (GCV) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2009 8.32

2010 9.15

2013 11.13

2014 10.27

2015 9.59

2016 8.37

8.50 5.96 7.56 6.85 9.61 6.39 7.31

8.20 8.41 10.07 10.72 11.09 7.85 8.80

7.53 8.80 7.43 7.83

8.08 9.69 10.95 8.34

9.54 9.77 9.21 12.23 13.30 9.80 13.16 14.11 10.47 10.79 11.80 10.44

8.13 9.48 8.45 10.27 11.15 10.24 11.57 12.96 10.39 10.52 11.15 9.58

7.94 7.49 8.17 9.54 10.47 7.54 10.28 10.00 8.81 10.19 9.74 8.87

7.15 5.34 7.16 8.37 9.21 6.50 9.43 7.85 7.22 10.51 7.63 7.58

7.69 7.55 10.03 10.06

8.84 9.40 11.72 9.93

10.31 11.34 12.49 13.28

9.89 10.40 10.94 10.81

8.17 6.05 10.33 9.38

6.89 6.81 9.17 7.63

9.72 9.07 8.36 7.22 5.93 9.61 8.91 8.00 12.47 6.06

8.62 9.78 9.02 9.28 6.11 11.81 10.22 9.13 13.43 6.33

9.67 11.90 10.12 11.66 8.01 13.33 10.74 13.01 15.16 9.95

9.34 11.13 10.12 12.33 8.54 12.16 10.45 12.98 12.26 9.65

8.91 10.50 9.39 10.52 8.05 10.57 9.63 11.73 11.61 9.75

7.91 9.48 7.26 7.67 7.27 9.07 8.67 12.21 10.67 6.91

* Excluding VAT and other recoverable Taxes and Levies. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

128


2.13.3 Fuel Prices * – Industrial Consumers Electricity – Band IC 2 000 MWh < Consumption < 20 000 MWh 2nd Semester** €/100 kWh EU-28

2009 10.24

2010 10.51

2013 11.82

2014 12.06

2015 11.87

2016 11.40


10.79 6.39 11.22 9.20 11.34 6.45 11.75 9.36 11.20 6.48 9.04 13.70 14.94 8.93 7.90

10.54 6.64 10.81 9.61 11.90 7.27 11.31 10.26 10.93 7.16 9.04 14.43 17.30 9.07 10.46 10.24 10.53 18.10 9.70 11.28 9.87 9.20 8.08 10.05 11.98 6.83 8.41 10.00

10.99 7.26 9.90 9.98 14.44 9.70 13.72 12.39 12.02 8.55 9.44 17.18 20.13 11.52 12.27 10.01 9.80 17.80 9.45 11.08 8.78 11.38 8.20 9.45 12.69 7.49 7.47 11.96

10.86 7.57 8.19 9.72 15.20 9.31 13.57 12.98 11.67 9.38 9.18 17.35 19.03 11.83 11.71 9.87 8.99 17.80 8.88 10.55 8.33 11.87 8.07 8.47 11.74 7.22 6.66 13.38

10.81 7.82 7.83 9.06 14.93 9.58 13.57 11.50 11.33 9.51 9.28 15.97 14.12 11.83 9.97 8.93 8.70 14.05 8.46 10.47 8.61 11.54 8.02 8.70 11.22 7.06 5.90 15.20

11.58 7.88 7.32 9.36 14.92 8.96 12.45 11.15 10.29 8.93 8.77 15.56 12.95 12.01 8.82 8.58 7.96 13.99 8.05 10.04 8.15 11.32 7.71 8.32 11.12 6.94 6.56 12.78

12.97 12.91 10.61 11.62 9.33 9.44 8.28 9.62 14.03 6.83 6.89 10.12

* Excluding VAT and other recoverable Taxes and Levies. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

129

Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART

3

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU


Summary 3.1

Classification of the Energy Sector� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 134 3.1.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Enterprises in the Energy Sector� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 135 3.2.1

Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 135

3.2.2

Turnover in the Energy Sector � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 139

3.2.3

Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector 143

Economy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 147 3.3.1

GDP at Current Market Prices� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 147

3.3.2

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 148

3.3.3

GDP at 2010 Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 149

3.3.4

GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 150

Demography � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 151 3.4.1

3.5

Comparative Table � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 134

Population � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 151

Employment� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 152 3.5.1

Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15-64 years) � � � 152

3.5.2

Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 153

3.5.3

Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 154

133


3.1 Classification of the Energy Sector * 3.1.1 Comparative Table

Eurostat (NACE) and UN (ISIC) Classifications NACE rev 2 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 05.10: Mining of Hard Coal 05.20: Mining of Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas 06.10: Extraction of Crude Petroleum 06.20: Extraction of Natural Gas B07: Mining of Metal Ores 07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08: Other Mining and Quarrying 08.92: Extraction of Peat B09: Mining Support Service Activities 09.10: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 19.10: Manufacture of Coke Oven Products 19.20: Manufacture of Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 35.11: Production of Electricity Power Generation, Hydroelectric Power Generation, Fossil Fuel Power Generation, Nuclear Electric Power Generation, Solar Electric Power Generation, Wind Electric Power Generation, Geothermal Electric Power Generation, Biomass Electric Power Generation, Tidal 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity

05.10 05.20 06.10 06.20 07.21 08.92 09.10 19.10 19.20 35.10

35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains

35.20

35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

35.30

* Broad Definition, The Narrow Definition only Includes Division D35. Sources: Eurostat, UN, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

134

ISIC 4


3.2 Enterprises in the Energy Sector 3.2.1 Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector

Enterprises Survey – EU-28 2013 236

2014 200

2015* 255

416

418

420

5 917

4 961

4 950

1 050

1 130

1 151

B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1: Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2: Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3: Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

1 108

1 124

1 104

78 601

87 465

92 200

71 720 65 958

85 000

2 070 3 472 1 857 341

80 466 74 147 226 2 196 3 897 1 900 340

726

722

785 5 000

838 5 050

5 100

5 000

5 050

5 100

Broad Sector – Total

82 333

91 302

96 084

1 900

* Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), July 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

135


3.2.1 Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector

Enterprises Survey

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

2008 298

2013 236

2014 200

2015* 255

2008 315

2013 416

2014 418

2015* 420

0 23 0 0 7 0

0 24 12 0 5 0

0 24 11 0 5 0

0 22 12 0 7 0

0 9 0 10 4 1

0 6 5 10 4 2

0 7 5 11 4 2

0 4 5 19 4 2

4 110 10 0

0 56 0 0

0 25 0 0

3 78 0 0

0 3 0 0 12 0 0 0 44 0 38 2

0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 57 0 35 1

0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 58 0 32 1

0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 63 0 27 1

4 61 7 5 0 0 4 0 10 0 45 2 28 0 10 1

0 58 4 12 0 1 4 0 10 0 45 2 52 0 34 1

18 50 4 13 0 1 4 0 9 0 43 3 55 0 38 1

10 0 4 0 0 2 4 0 8 0 41 0 60 0 37 1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

22

20

0

0

105

158

145

98


136



Enterprises Survey Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

Extraction of Peat (B08.92) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 1 011

2013 917

2014 961

2015* 950

2008 830

2013 1 050

2014 1 130

2015* 1 151

0

0 10

0 3

4

4

2 83 42

3 87 41

47

11 5 52

12 5 55

14 6 55

91 41

0 28

0 41

0 39

0 38

24

48 45 6 42

52 4 39

7 90 38

0 8 7 49 1 10 0

0 5 21 0 4 0 50 25 0 15 0 7 6 34 0 5 0

519 87 24

473 73 21

6 2 0 0 54 20 0

5 19 0 5 0 65 26 0 0 6 5 34 0 5 0 467 70 20

7

46 54 4

0

8

13

0 0 0 0 29

1 0 0 35

1 0 0 32

2 0 0 37

103 6 52 1 93 3

201 8 92 2 90 4

228 9 107 3 105 2

251 8 108 4 106 2

0 39 267

0 58 286

0 59 284

0 63 251

1

19


137



Enterprises Survey Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 1 274

2013 1 108

2014 1 124

2015* 1 104

21 22 4 86 9

17 10 33 4 80 7

15 13 33 3 85 5

20 11 25 3 54 5

7 13 88 19 353

48 14 56 15 297

47 10 50 14 294

42 14 43 14

3 5 0 10

10 7 0 14

12 8 0 10

17 8 0 8

37 5 158 6 33 5

38 4 175 17 42 7

43 5 175 17 47 5

45 5 176 18 44 4

13 44 245

17 40 134

18

15 38 132

131

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35) 2008 33 758

583 1 264 1 692 1 589 181 204 5 12 004 3 866 133 2 472 1 279 213 60 542 558 1 512 1 788 678 506 417 203 722 1 528 478

2013 78 601

2014 87 465

2015* 92 200

618 1 784 8 446 1 845 1 974 226 485 32 13 867 20 756 513 10 169

693 1 743 10 414 1 784 2 058 226 483 28 14 244 24 883 560 10 459

736 1 745 10 887 1 760 2 059 230 535 27 14 044 26 742 573

480 1 214 74 675

506 1 434 82 668

541 1 428 73 610

950 2 256 2 546 925 1 345 1 526 430 816 2 287 2 577

1 191 2 271 2 583 941 1 501 1 570 487 849 2 470 3 285

1 130 2 442 3 132 1 209 1 460 1 529 465 900 4 233 4 279


138


3.2.2 Turnover in the Energy Sector

Enterprises Survey – EU-28 Mio EUR 2013 2014 2015* B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 13 282.4 11 783.6 11 196.9 B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and 172 599.5 146 325.6 127 389.2 Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat 1 749.8 1 749.4 1 700.0 B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and 16 389.7 18 764.0 19 391.9 Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and 606 176.5 557 103.4 405 871.0 Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and 1 539 990.8 1 478 875.8 1 510 000.0 Air Conditioning Supply D35.1: Electricity 1 233 856.6 1 185 837.6 1 221 650.3 35.11: Production of Electricity 335 039.1 325 816.4 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 68 751.2 69 990.7 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 237 541.8 241 043.1 35.14: Trade of Electricity 592 524.5 548 987.3 D35.2: Gas 265 273.3 256 721.0 256 668.8 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 5 794.6 5 779.6 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels 83 482.4 56 992.2 through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains 175 988.6 193 935.5 D35.3: Steam and Air Conditioning 40 860.9 36 317.2 35.30: Steam and 40 860.9 36 317.2 Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Total

2 350 188.7 2 214 601.8 2 075 549.0


139



Enterprises Survey Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Mio EUR 2008 2013 2014 2015* EU-28 16 674.9 13 282.4 11 783.6 11 196.9 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

0.0 326.6

0.0 0.0 287.5 307.9 348.8 2 097.4 1 608.6 1 578.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 015.8 2 387.2 2 271.2 2 161.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.0 858.2 47.6 0.0 0.0

433.8 0.0

445.7 0.0 0.0

0.0 7 212.1 0.0 485.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 6 669.3 0.0 102.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 53.2 0.0

1 024.8

58.1 235.6

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06) 2008 2013 2014 2015* 176 436.0 172 599.5 146 325.6 127 389.2

40.9

0.0 55.2

0.0 30.4

9 239.9 6 823.6 5 669.7 3 925.0 3 829.2 3 431.5 3 259.2 2 978.4

77.9 851.0

729.1

115.6 372.1

126.2 282.1

0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 752.9 0.0 0.0 32.8 20.5

0.0 0.0

48 042.4 63 194.3 56 552.5 56 651.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.2 77.1 73.1 38.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.1 135.1 51.2 33.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37 828.5 46 068.0 36 275.5 27 000.5 175.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 472.7 5 051.5 4 902.7 4 245.3

0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 153.9 41 147.4 33 686.0 28 916.7


140

0.0 80.7

0.0




Extraction of Peat (B08.92) Mio EUR 2008 2013 2014 2015* EU-28 1 651.4 1 749.8 1 749.4 1 700.0 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

0.0

348.8 71.5

11.6

0.0 0.0 32.5 0.0 0.0

39.3 1.1 0.0 460.1 38.3

0.0 1.7

0.0 1.1

413.4 79.8

412.6 88.6

399.6 83.5

9.2 67.7 0.0 3.7 0.0 142.9 57.0 0.0

9.9

0.0 9.1 63.3 0.0 2.6 0.0 132.6 58.5 0.0 3.0 0.0

2008 2013 2014 2015* 13 587.4 16 389.7 18 764.0 19 391.9

1.2

1.2

0.2

358.5

377.5

409.9

372.4

0.0 49.5

0.0 38.1

0.0 5.9

0.0 6.8

60.1

226.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 146.1

0.0 0.0 130.0

0.0 0.0 116.2

0.0 0.0 133.4

11.3 213.9

35.6 424.9

34.3 420.7

48.3 319.3

973.4

796.4

757.6

596.7

0.0

5.3

98.6 330.3 446.2 256.3 486.2 1 633.8 1 518.3

0.0

2.7 49.3 0.0 0.7 0.0

2.7

494.2 40.8 80.2

502.0 36.5 73.3

0.0 0.8 0.0

0.0

101.6

0.0 0.0 0.0 168.6 121.5 108.7 7 537.0 9 101.7 9 786.9 9 776.7


141



Enterprises Survey Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Mio EUR 2008 2013 2014 2015* EU-28 547 992.2 606 176.5 557 103.4 405 871.0 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35) 2008

60 047.0 56 368.4 42 260.8 4 837.5

4 943.2

2015*

7 993.7

8 083.2

8 357.4

30 927.4 45 257.8 38 780.3 40 844.1 20 410.1 26 655.8 24 828.6 24 426.0

134 361.4 140 054.5 131 075.1 107 407.8 179.9

297.0

280.8

253.8

17 296.6 19 688.0 21 585.2 17 677.4

357 896.1 581 264.4 560 482.1 537 677.0 1 542.3

2 245.2

2 013.6

1 764.7

6 891.7

8 711.8

7 763.4

8 145.3

5 977.0 12 353.6 11 420.1 11 472.0

44 349.3 52 243.3 47 980.4 36 051.4

74 338.8 93 620.4 94 965.9 93 787.0

69 128.4 53 048.3 47 136.7 39 385.2

106 500.6 119 162.0 112 204.8 110 714.7

48 947.8 51 131.3 38 791.9 33 417.8

156 801.7 212 610.2 205 223.7 201 396.0

3 147.9

4 336.7

4 364.6

4 358.9

738.2 6.6

7.4

2 390.8

2 819.9

2 313.5

2 090.6

2 690.3

3 234.6

2 772.4

2 369.6

2 252.1

4 133.7

3 844.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

9 384.0

8 728.3

8 160.6

6 529.2

26 852.9 18 953.1 16 682.5 16 726.6

52 344.4 50 694.6 35 122.0

38 660.1 38 759.4 34 983.0 32 435.8

9 698.2

8 938.3

7 219.2

27 553.5 38 505.7 34 508.0 35 307.0

28 312.7 34 880.3 32 743.8 26 977.8

44 091.4 46 297.7 44 063.7 47 792.3

7 841.7

9 659.7

8 510.9

7 130.6

18 485.1 21 552.4 21 669.9 21 119.1

4 112.9

4 323.3

4 747.4

3 370.8

13 180.6 12 671.6 12 404.1 13 153.8

14.6

8.1

3 580.0

5 949.9

5 535.5

6 075.6

11 021.1 12 834.5 10 725.6 11 318.8 6 520.6

12 012.3 13 630.5 13 074.4 12 340.4

10 695.7

24 823.9 30 323.3 26 833.9 26 452.8

49 837.4 57 903.5 52 334.0 40 197.8

107 875.7 130 805.0 138 730.6 148 344.2

1 526.2


142

2014

44 457.8 39 494.2 39 372.2 7 313.3

5 021.9

2013

1 149 803.8 1 539 990.8 1 478 875.8 1 510 000.0


3.2.3 Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector

Enterprises Survey – EU-28 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1: Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2: Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3: Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Employment Reported

2013 194 900

2014 177 143

2015* 158 945

77 000

79 131

77 187

11 200

11 622

11 400

56 100

57 497

56 570

119 600

117 892

111 946

1 216 300

1 230 152

1 233 305

916 300 457 800 54 800 309 700 94 000 152 300 8 800

937 829 446 326 54 825 339 317 97 360 148 589 7 241

102 700

99 993

40 800 147 700

41 344 143 734

147 700

143 734

1 675 100

1 673 437

1 649 353


143



Enterprises Survey Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05) 2008 2013 2014 2015* EU-28 253 883 194 900 177 143 158 945 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

0 13 905 0 38 415 0

0 12 534 21 595 0 22 511 0

0 12 132 19 972 0 20 164 0

159 7 311

4 012

3 666 0 0

0 0 18 0 0 121 0

0

0 138 338 0 20 804

0 0 0 0 243 0 0 0 116 760 0 5 758

0

0

5 944

5 421

0 0 0 0 143 0 0 0

11 995 18 715 0 17 468 0 127 1 684

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06) 2008 88 205

444 3 544

2013 77 000

2014 79 131

2015* 77 187

0

0

0

971 3 764

1 030 3 972

987 3 927

355

368

12 882 0 19 255 0 80 0 3 831

7 852 12 884 0 20 212 0 68 0 3 913

714 0 25 246

0 23 485

215 672

0

0 2 213

0 0 0 0 124 0 0 0 95 973 0 1 843

0 0 3 777

0 0 2 844

13 047 0 0 351 0 36 0 3 076

12 354 0 15 269 0 82 0 3 627

0 38 538

0 25 680 1

0

0

13 405

14 363


144

0 0

0 0 17 127




Extraction of Peat (B08.92) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 12 537

2013 11 200

0

0 107

0 33

55

1 844 1 076

2 015 1 042

1 762 963

32 203 0 19 0 2 136 1 154 0

36

1 912 1 276

41 0

0 34 195 0 17 0 2 081 1 091 0 94 0 110 29 532 0 29 0

1 735 358 634

2 044 311 29

57

0 0 1 970 1 229 0 0 36 711

2014 2015* 11 622 11 400

0 27 0 2 091 260 274

2013 56 100

2014 57 497

2015* 56 570

38

25 1 829 0 19

1 716

2 044

38 642 1 995

0 46

0 59

0 32

224

217

191

1 815

375 2 563 1 864

2 273 1 818

0 0 0 0 1 275

1 0 0 1 190

1 0 0 1 079

2 0 0 1 062

2 270 19 2 181

88 5 118

106 5 146

186 4 626

9 882

7 526 69

7 388

6 774

0

0 77

0 88

0 342

0

97 0 104 27

2008 47 333

18 489


145



Enterprises Survey

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2008 2013 2014 2015* 135 372 119 600 117 892 111 946

2008 2013 2014 2015* 1 243 616 1 216 300 1 230 152 1 233 305

4 401 2 129 2 053

4 402 2 078

2 926

4 453 2 208 2 173

19 611 1 330

19 269 1 644

22 593 1 668

22 302 1 679

4 557 8 823

3 945 8 855

3 920 8 644

3 723 8 453

16 383

13 292

11 259

262 11 111

9

30

41

66

0 6 538

0 6 106

0 5 923

0 5 691

6 652

5 213 1 124 13 220 1 990 2 516 34

5 422 1 145 13 224 1 794 2 657

5 354 1 180 13 476 1 830 2 560 26

16 606 2 132 5 017 93

2 748 9 998

2 814 2 817

20 181 20 907 21 854 36 197 32 809 32 573 31 751 32 652 33 495 33 849 34 307 13 206 11 265 14 308 14 509 221 450 219 936 228 179 224 669 6 290 5 218 5 097 4 949 9 235 8 246 8 496 8 569 23 955 20 481 21 598 20 902 47 622 38 974 38 514 39 764 181 335 190 297 16 849 15 472 14 739 14 893 84 224 87 908 88 476 90 546 2 347 12 185 11 109 10 624 11 233 18 303 13 781 13 912 13 849 1 091 1 435 1 470 27 387 24 608 24 782 24 601 23 869 27 056 27 153 27 753 28 218 29 402 29 297 29 274 153 286 139 998 136 068 128 386 10 336 8 913 8 703 9 589 89 511 77 393 76 016 72 307 7 828 8 942 9 069 8 957 21 641 17 885 18 104 17 950 13 430 13 729 13 645 13 282 31 151 31 264 31 811 32 027 121 447 129 496 129 335 141 099


146


3.3 Economy 3.3.1 GDP at Current Market Prices Mrd EUR* EU-28

1995 7 345.9

2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 9 648.9 11 590.7 12 817.6 14 010.9 14 728.5 14 824.7


221.4 11.0 45.5 141.4 1 982.1 2.9 52.9 104.7 468.9 1 231.4 17.1 895.3 7.6 4.1 5.1 16.5 35.4 2.8 341.6 183.9 108.7 91.0 28.8 16.3 15.3 102.7 201.8 1 009.5

258.2 14.3 66.6 178.0 2 116.5 6.2 108.4 143.0 646.3 1 485.3 23.6 1 239.3 10.8 8.6 12.5 23.1 51.2 4.4 448.1 213.2 186.4 128.5 40.8 21.9 22.3 136.3 281.9 1 773.4

311.5 23.9 109.4 212.8 2 300.9 11.3 170.2 199.2 930.6 1 772.0 36.5 1 489.7 15.0 13.7 21.0 30.0 90.6 5.1 545.6 253.0 246.2 158.7 80.2 29.2 39.3 164.4 313.2 2 017.4

365.1 38.2 156.4 243.2 2 580.1 14.7 167.1 226.0 1 080.9 1 998.5 45.0 1 604.5 19.3 17.8 28.0 40.2 98.3 6.6 631.5 294.6 361.8 179.9 126.7 36.3 67.6 187.1 369.1 1 833.0

400.8 42.8 156.7 265.2 2 923.9 19.8 193.2 177.9 1 037.0 2 147.6 43.0 1 621.8 17.6 23.6 36.6 50.0 105.0 8.4 663.0 330.4 411.0 173.1 150.4 37.3 75.9 205.5 432.7 2 260.8

410.2 45.3 167.0 271.8 3 032.8 20.3 255.8 175.7 1 075.6 2 194.2 43.8 1 645.4 17.6 24.4 37.3 52.3 109.7 9.3 676.5 339.9 430.0 179.5 160.0 38.6 78.7 209.5 447.0 2 580.1

4 21.6 47.4 1 74.4 2 76.8 31 34.1 20.9 265.8 175.9 1 113.9 2 228.9 45.6 1 672.4 17.9 25.0 38.6 54.2 112.4 9.9 697.2 349.3 424.3 184.9 169.6 39.8 81.0 214.1 462.1 2 366.9

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million €. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

147


3.3.2 GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices Thousand EUR/cap* EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 15.2

2000 19.8

2005 23.4

2010 25.5

2014 27.6

2015 29.0

2016 29.1

21.9 1.3 4.4 27.1 24.3 2.0 14.7 9.9 11.8 20.8 3.7 15.8 11.8 1.7 1.4 40.7 3.4 7.5 22.1 23.2 2.8 9.1 1.3 8.2 2.8 20.1 22.9 17.4

25.2 1.7 6.5 33.4 25.8 4.4 28.7 13.3 16.0 24.5 5.2 21.8 15.6 3.6 3.6 53.2 5.0 11.3 28.2 26.6 4.9 12.5 1.8 11.0 4.1 26.3 31.8 30.2

29.8 3.1 10.7 39.3 27.9 8.3 41.4 18.2 21.5 28.2 8.5 25.7 20.5 6.1 6.3 65.1 9.0 12.8 33.5 30.8 6.4 15.1 3.8 14.6 7.3 31.4 34.8 33.5

33.7 5.2 14.9 43.9 31.5 11.0 36.7 20.3 23.3 30.9 10.5 27.1 23.6 8.4 8.9 80.0 9.8 15.9 38.1 35.3 9.5 17.0 6.2 17.7 12.5 35.0 39.5 29.3

35.8 5.9 14.9 47.1 36.2 15.0 41.9 16.3 22.3 32.6 10.1 26.7 20.5 11.8 12.4 90.9 10.6 19.8 39.4 38.8 10.8 16.6 7.5 18.1 14.0 37.7 44.9 35.1

36.5 6.3 15.8 48.0 37.4 15.4 55.3 16.2 23.2 33.0 10.4 27.1 20.8 12.3 12.8 93.0 11.1 21.6 40.0 39.6 11.3 17.3 8.1 18.7 14.5 38.3 45.9 39.8

37.3 6.6 16.5 48.5 38.1 15.9 56.3 16.3 24.0 33.4 10.9 27.6 21.1 12.7 13.4 94.0 11.4 22.8 41.1 40.2 11.2 17.9 8.6 19.3 14.9 39.0 46.9 36.2

* 1 000 €' per Capita. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

148


3.3.3 GDP at 2010 Market Prices Mrd EUR* EU-28

1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 9 650.9 11 149.9 12 259.3 12 817.6 13 215.4 13 506.5 13 760.0


270.1 311.5 340.8 365.1 378.1 383.6 388.2 24.0 24.4 32.2 38.2 39.8 41.3 42.7 104.7 114.4 138.7 156.4 161.7 169.1 173.2 194.1 225.2 240.6 243.2 253.5 257.5 260.8 2 145.1 2 358.7 2 426.5 2 580.1 2 743.9 2 791.1 2 843.2 7.9 10.7 15.0 14.7 17.2 17.5 17.7 78.2 124.7 163.3 167.1 181.2 228.8 240.7 158.8 189.9 229.8 226.0 184.9 184.5 184.5 710.5 867.9 1 025.4 1 080.9 1 035.1 1 068.3 1 102.9 1 535.1 1 771.7 1 923.2 1 998.5 2 075.0 2 097.2 2 122.1 29.8 35.3 44.0 45.0 43.2 43.9 45.2 1 409.1 1 555.6 1 629.9 1 604.5 1 542.9 1 555.0 1 568.7 11.8 14.3 17.0 19.3 17.4 17.7 18.2 9.6 12.3 18.2 17.8 20.6 21.2 21.6 14.6 18.3 26.4 28.0 33.1 33.6 34.4 23.1 30.8 35.6 40.2 45.1 46.9 48.9 69.5 80.5 99.3 98.3 104.6 107.9 110.0 4.3 5.4 6.0 6.6 7.8 8.3 8.8 448.7 554.7 592.8 631.5 643.0 655.6 670.0 218.6 253.7 276.3 294.6 307.5 310.5 315.1 190.5 246.2 286.7 361.8 404.3 419.8 431.1 136.9 167.1 174.5 179.9 169.1 171.8 174.2 84.0 83.0 109.8 126.7 137.6 143.0 149.9 22.6 27.9 33.3 36.3 36.2 37.1 38.0 35.2 41.9 53.6 67.6 73.5 76.3 78.9 123.4 158.1 179.6 187.1 186.6 187.1 189.6 251.4 299.7 341.2 369.1 392.5 408.5 421.5 1 339.4 1 566.2 1 799.6 1 833.0 1 980.1 2 023.6 2 060.1

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million €. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

149


3.3.4 GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices Thousand EUR/cap* EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 20.0

2000 22.9

2005 24.8

2010 25.5

2014 26.1

2015 26.6

2016 27.0

26.7 2.8 10.1 37.2 26.3 5.5 21.7 15.1 17.9 25.9 6.4 24.8 18.3 3.8 4.0 56.9 6.7 11.5 29.1 27.5 4.9 13.7 3.7 11.4 6.6 24.2 28.5 23.1

30.4 3.0 11.1 42.3 28.7 7.6 33.0 17.6 21.4 29.3 7.8 27.3 20.7 5.2 5.2 71.0 7.9 13.9 35.0 31.7 6.4 16.3 3.7 14.0 7.8 30.6 33.8 26.6

32.6 4.2 13.6 44.5 29.4 11.1 39.7 20.9 23.7 30.6 10.2 28.2 23.2 8.1 7.9 77.2 9.8 14.8 36.4 33.7 7.5 16.6 5.1 16.7 10.0 34.3 37.9 29.9

33.7 5.2 14.9 43.9 31.5 11.0 36.7 20.3 23.3 30.9 10.5 27.1 23.6 8.4 8.9 80.0 9.8 15.9 38.1 35.3 9.5 17.0 6.2 17.7 12.5 35.0 39.5 29.3

33.8 5.5 15.4 45.0 34.0 13.1 39.3 16.9 22.3 31.5 10.2 25.4 20.2 10.3 11.2 82.0 10.6 18.3 38.2 36.1 10.6 16.2 6.9 17.6 13.6 34.2 40.7 30.8

34.1 5.7 16.0 45.5 34.4 13.3 49.4 17.0 23.0 31.5 10.4 25.6 20.8 10.7 11.5 83.3 10.9 19.4 38.8 36.2 11.0 16.6 7.2 18.0 14.1 34.2 41.9 31.2

34.3 6.0 16.4 45.7 34.6 13.5 50.9 17.1 23.7 31.8 10.8 25.9 21.4 11.0 11.9 84.8 11.2 20.2 39.5 36.3 11.4 16.8 7.6 18.4 14.5 34.6 42.8 31.5

* 1 000 €' 2010 per Capita. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

150


3.4 Demography 3.4.1 Population

On 1st January Thousand 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016 Inhabitants EU-28 4 819 04.0 4 872 59.1 494 598.3 503 170.6 506 973.9 508 504.3 510 284.4 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

10 130.6 8 427.4 10 333.2 5 215.7 81 538.6 1 448.1 3 597.6 10 536.0 39 639.7 59 315.1 4 658.9 56 844.4 645.4 2 500.6 3 643.0 405.7 10 336.7 376.4 15 424.1 7 943.5 38 580.6 10 008.7 22 712.4 1 989.5 5 356.2 5 098.8 8 816.4 57 943.5

10 239.1 8 190.9 10 278.1 5 330.0 82 163.5 1 401.3 3 777.6 10 775.6 40 470.2 60 545.0 4 497.7 56 923.5 690.5 2 381.7 3 512.1 433.6 10 221.6 388.8 15 864.0 8 002.2 38 263.3 10 249.0 22 455.5 1 987.8 5 398.7 5 171.3 8 861.4 58 785.2

10 445.9 7 688.6 10 198.9 5 411.4 82 500.8 1 358.9 4 111.7 10 969.9 43 296.3 62 772.9 4 310.9 57 874.8 733.1 2 249.7 3 355.2 461.2 10 097.5 402.7 16 305.5 8 201.4 38 173.8 10 494.7 21 382.4 1 997.6 5 372.7 5 236.6 9 011.4 60 182.1

10 839.9 7 421.8 10 462.1 5 534.7 81 802.3 1 333.3 4 549.4 11 119.3 46 486.6 64 658.9 4 302.8 59 190.1 819.1 2 120.5 3 142.0 502.1 10 014.3 414.0 16 575.0 8 351.6 38 022.9 10 573.5 20 294.7 2 047.0 5 390.4 5 351.4 9 340.7 62 510.2

11 180.8 7 245.7 10 512.4 5 627.2 80 767.5 1 315.8 4 605.5 10 926.8 46 512.2 65 942.1 4 246.8 60 782.7 858.0 2 001.5 2 943.5 549.7 9 877.4 425.4 16 829.3 8 506.9 38 017.9 10 427.3 19 947.3 2 061.1 5 415.9 5 451.3 9 644.9 64 351.2

11 237.3 7 202.2 10 538.3 5 659.7 81 197.5 1 314.9 4 628.9 10 858.0 46 449.6 66 488.2 4 225.3 60 795.6 847.0 1 986.1 2 921.3 563.0 9 855.6 429.3 16 900.7 8 576.3 38 005.6 10 374.8 19 870.6 2 062.9 5 421.3 5 471.8 9 747.4 64 875.2

11 311.1 7 153.8 10 553.8 5 707.3 82 175.7 1 315.9 4 724.7 10 783.7 46 445.8 66 760.0 4 190.7 60 665.6 848.3 1 969.0 2 888.6 576.2 9 830.5 434.4 16 979.1 8 690.1 37 967.2 10 341.3 19 760.3 2 064.2 5 426.3 5 487.3 9 851.0 65 382.6

Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

151


3.5 Employment 3.5.1 Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15-64 years)

Member States Data – EU-28 Thousands

2010

2013

2014

2015

2016

B05 Mining of coal and lignite

331.2

326.4

313.5

294.5

274.1

B06 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas

103.8

96.8

97.8

88.8

81.3

12.5

11.2

11.6

11.4

11.4

47.3

56.1

57.5

56.6

56.6

218.7

207.9

198.5

190.0

186.4

1 645.4

1 616.3

1 581.9

1 550.3

1 551.8

2 359.0

2 314.7

2 260.8

2 191.6

2 161.6

B0892 Extraction of peat* B091 Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction* C19 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products D35 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Broad Sector Total Employment**

* According to the Structural Business Survey (SBS), July 2017, and DG ENERGY estimates. ** Estimate of total employment as a sum of available and uncomplete figures presented in the table. Italics: DG Energy Estimations Sources: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), July 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

152


3.5.2 Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors

Member States’ Data – All Sectors (15-64 years) % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2010 64.1

2012 64.1

2013 64.1

2014 64.8

2015 65.6

2016 66.6

62.0 59.8 65.0 73.3 71.3 61.2 59.6 59.1 58.8 64.0 57.4 56.8 68.9 58.5 57.6 65.2 54.9 56.2 74.7 70.8 58.9 65.3 60.2 66.2 58.8 68.1 72.1 69.4

61.8 58.8 66.5 72.6 73.0 67.1 58.8 50.8 55.8 64.0 53.5 56.6 64.6 63.0 62.0 65.8 56.7 59.1 74.4 71.4 59.7 61.4 60.2 64.1 59.7 69.4 73.8 69.9

61.8 59.5 67.7 72.5 73.5 68.5 60.5 48.8 54.8 64.0 52.5 55.5 61.7 65.0 63.7 65.7 58.1 60.8 73.6 71.4 60.0 60.6 60.1 63.3 59.9 68.9 74.4 70.5

61.9 61.0 69.0 72.8 73.8 69.6 61.7 49.4 56.0 64.2 54.6 55.7 62.1 66.3 65.7 66.6 61.8 62.4 73.1 71.1 61.7 62.6 61.0 63.9 61.0 68.7 74.9 71.9

61.8 62.9 70.2 73.5 74.0 71.9 63.3 50.8 57.8 64.3 56.0 56.3 62.7 68.1 67.2 66.1 63.9 63.9 74.1 71.1 62.9 63.9 61.4 65.2 62.7 68.5 75.5 72.7

62.3 63.4 72.0 74.9 74.7 72.1 64.8 52.0 59.5 64.6 56.9 57.2 63.4 68.7 69.4 65.6 66.5 65.7 74.8 71.5 64.5 65.2 61.6 65.8 64.9 69.1 76.2 73.5

Sources: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), July 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

153


3.5.3 Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors *

Member States’ Data – All Sectors % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2010 9.6

2012 10.5

2013 10.9

2014 10.2

2015 9.4

2016 8.5

8.3 10.3 7.3 7.5 7.0 16.7 13.9 12.7 19.9 9.3 11.8 8.4 6.3 19.5 17.8 4.6 11.2 6.9 5.0 4.8 9.7 12.0 7.0 7.3 14.5 8.4 8.6 7.8

7.6 12.3 7.0 7.5 5.4 10.0 14.7 24.5 24.8 9.8 15.8 10.7 11.9 15.0 13.4 5.1 11.0 6.3 5.8 4.9 10.1 15.8 6.8 8.9 14.0 7.7 8.0 7.9

8.4 13.0 7.0 7.0 5.2 8.6 13.1 27.5 26.1 10.3 17.4 12.1 15.9 11.9 11.8 5.9 10.2 6.4 7.3 5.4 10.3 16.4 7.1 10.1 14.2 8.2 8.0 7.5

8.5 11.4 6.1 6.6 5.0 7.4 11.3 26.5 24.5 10.3 17.2 12.7 16.1 10.8 10.7 6.0 7.7 5.8 7.4 5.6 9.0 14.1 6.8 9.7 13.2 8.7 7.9 6.1

8.5 9.2 5.1 6.2 4.6 6.2 9.4 24.9 22.1 10.4 16.1 11.9 15.0 9.9 9.1 6.5 6.8 5.4 6.9 5.7 7.5 12.6 6.8 9.0 11.5 9.4 7.4 5.3

7.8 7.6 4.0 6.2 4.1 6.8 7.9 23.6 19.6 10.1 13.3 11.7 13.1 9.6 7.9 6.3 5.1 4.7 6.0 6.0 6.2 11.2 5.9 8.0 9.6 8.8 6.9 4.8

* Percentage of active population. Sources: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), July 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 3

154

Environment Indicators in the EU

4

PART

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU


Summary 4.1

4.2

Gases Emissions� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 158 4.1.1

GHGs Emissions� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 158

EU-28 and Member States – Total� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 158

EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 159

EU-28 and Member States – Other Than Fuel Combustion � � � � � 160

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 161

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 162

4.1.2

CO 2 Emissions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 163

EU-28 and Member States – Total� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 163

EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 164

EU-28 and Member States – Other Than Fuel Combustion � � � � � 165

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 166

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 167

Main Emissions Indicators � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 168 4.2.1

CO 2 per Capita � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 168

4.2.2

Carbon GDP Intensity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 169

157


4.1 Gases Emissions 4.1.1 GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Total Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Index 1995

1995 5 381.4 100.0 %

2000 5 270.8 97.9 %

2005 5 345.2 99.3 %

2010 4 909.5 91.2 %

2014 4 423.7 82.2 %

2015 4 451.8 82.7 %


157.3 75.3 157.6 80.1 1 135.7 20.3 60.9 111.8 335.2 554.6 22.6 536.8 7.9 12.8 22.4 10.6 76.0 2.9 239.2 81.2 439.7 71.7 181.7 18.8 54.5 72.7 75.2 765.8

154.2 59.6 150.0 73.1 1 062.2 17.4 70.9 128.9 395.8 566.4 25.5 560.9 9.2 10.4 19.7 10.6 74.2 3.0 229.7 82.2 391.4 84.5 140.6 19.2 49.9 71.1 70.7 739.8

148.7 64.3 148.6 68.9 1 014.9 19.3 72.5 138.9 451.6 569.1 29.6 588.3 10.2 11.5 23.2 14.3 76.6 3.3 225.4 94.6 399.8 88.6 146.8 20.6 51.5 70.9 68.8 724.5

136.6 60.8 140.6 65.6 966.0 21.3 64.0 120.9 369.6 527.7 27.6 514.1 10.4 12.6 20.9 13.5 66.1 3.3 224.5 87.1 408.4 72.1 121.4 19.7 46.7 77.3 66.7 643.9

118.1 58.0 127.5 53.5 928.8 21.2 60.0 102.2 338.3 470.0 23.4 432.5 9.2 11.5 20.1 12.0 58.4 3.3 198.5 78.4 384.7 67.4 116.0 16.7 40.8 61.1 56.1 555.8

121.6 62.0 128.8 51.0 926.5 18.1 62.4 98.6 350.4 474.6 23.9 442.8 9.2 11.6 20.3 11.7 61.6 2.6 206.7 81.0 387.7 72.1 117.8 16.9 41.4 57.5 55.9 536.9

* GHG emissions without LULUCF, with indirect CO2 and including international aviation. Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_20 June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

158


4.1.1 GHGs Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion

Fuel Combustion Activities

Energy Industries

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Transport

Commercial/ Institutional

Residential

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

Other Sectors

Other Combustion and Fugitive Emissions

2015

86.3 45.6 98.0 34.5 762.2 15.9 36.5 71.0 255.5 316.9 16.7 354.2 6.0 7.1 11.1 8.9 43.3 1.8 161.0 53.4 316.1 48.2 80.1 13.4 27.4 40.8 39.0 407.2

21.3 30.3 53.6 12.8 335.4 12.2 11.8 40.9 86.2 42.1 4.8 105.9 3.0 1.8 3.2 0.5 13.9 0.9 68.4 10.9 163.6 18.4 29.7 4.6 7.7 16.2 9.0 133.0

13.6 2.9 9.9 3.9 127.1 0.5 4.5 5.2 41.2 50.5 2.2 52.6 0.5 0.7 1.2 1.1 4.3 0.0 24.1 10.5 28.1 7.9 12.5 1.6 6.8 8.4 7.6 53.9

26.5 9.4 17.7 12.3 160.8 2.3 11.8 17.1 83.4 132.5 6.0 106.0 1.9 3.1 5.1 5.7 12.2 0.6 31.2 22.6 46.6 16.2 15.7 5.4 6.7 11.1 18.2 117.8

5.8 0.3 2.6 0.8 34.6 0.1 1.7 0.7 11.2 25.3 0.6 23.4 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 3.1 0.1 7.6 1.9 8.0 1.1 2.0 0.4 1.5 1.0 0.7 20.4

16.2 1.0 8.1 2.2 86.4 0.3 6.0 5.2 17.2 50.1 1.9 50.7 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.1 7.6 0.0 16.8 6.1 36.6 2.1 7.3 0.9 2.9 1.5 1.0 64.4

2.1 0.5 1.2 1.8 6.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 11.4 12.1 0.7 7.7 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.4 0.0 10.0 0.9 10.4 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.3 1.4 1.4 4.7

0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.2 2.0

0.6 1.2 4.4 0.4 10.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 4.6 4.2 0.5 7.5 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 2.8 0.5 22.9 1.3 11.4 0.4 1.6 0.1 0.9 11.0

Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 3 358.0 1 242.0 483.4 905.9 156.3 395.3 78.8 7.0 89.3 Share ( %) 75.43 % 27.90 % 10.86 % 20.35 % 3.51 % 8.88 % 1.77 % 0.16 % 2.01 % BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_20 June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

159



EU-28 and Member States – Other Than Fuel Combustion


Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_20 June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

160

International aviation

Indirect CO2

Waste and Others

Agriculture

Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Share (%)

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

2015

373.9 436.7 139.3 1.7 142.2 8.40 % 9.81 % 3.13 % 0.04 % 3.19 % 19.5 5.7 15.4 2.0 61.5 0.5 3.1 11.9 30.8 44.5 0.0 30.0 1.3 0.8 3.4 0.6 7.3 0.2 11.5 16.7 28.5 7.6 11.9 1.2 9.3 6.1 6.4 33.5

10.0 5.9 8.5 10.3 67.0 1.3 19.2 8.3 36.0 78.4 0.0 30.0 0.6 2.7 4.6 0.7 6.7 0.1 19.2 7.2 29.6 6.6 18.6 1.7 3.0 6.5 6.9 44.6

1.6 4.2 5.3 1.2 11.2 0.3 1.0 4.5 13.5 17.4 0.0 18.8 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.1 3.8 0.1 3.4 1.7 11.6 6.4 5.8 0.5 1.5 2.1 1.4 18.2

0.0 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

4.2 0.5 0.9 2.7 24.5 0.1 2.5 2.9 14.7 17.5 0.0 9.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.5 0.4 11.5 2.1 1.9 3.2 1.4 0.1 0.1 2.0 2.2 33.4



Residential

781.8 789.3 813.9 818.9 824.1 837.5 864.7 876.4 904.2 923.1 918.0 931.4 942.2 951.5 971.1 970.7 978.5 988.4 964.0 936.8 931.3 919.2 890.7 883.9 891.6 905.9

200.3 210.3 193.4 191.9 178.7 181.8 199.8 184.7 182.7 182.2 175.9 190.8 178.7 179.9 184.6 185.1 190.6 169.3 189.7 181.2 189.5 170.3 167.2 168.8 150.7 156.3

526.9 569.3 534.4 550.1 514.4 517.6 565.3 530.8 519.3 505.4 491.2 527.7 505.4 517.8 509.6 506.1 495.4 442.8 474.4 461.1 497.5 421.6 444.1 447.8 375.1 395.3

97.2 96.2 93.2 96.3 96.0 95.5 98.1 95.1 92.2 92.0 89.9 90.0 88.2 88.6 89.1 89.7 86.5 83.4 84.7 82.7 84.9 83.3 81.8 81.8 79.0 78.8

Other Sectors


836.4 789.4 752.8 724.0 727.4 743.5 732.3 724.2 692.6 671.7 679.5 656.1 640.6 648.9 646.6 635.1 627.7 629.5 600.5 503.4 537.4 523.4 499.4 489.4 481.6 483.4


Transport

4 337 1 679.6 4 295 1 642.3 4 161 1 582.3 4 082 1 515.2 4 040 1 524.7 4 071 1 520.7 4 179 1 550.4 4 077 1 503.5 4 063 1 521.0 3 998 1 478.3 4 005 1 509.1 4 086 1 550.5 4 057 1 567.5 4 137 1 618.0 4 132 1 604.8 4 108 1 597.9 4 107 1 608.9 4 052 1 623.2 3 973 1 547.2 3 691 1 421.1 3 790 1 445.2 3 643 1 422.3 3 601 1 416.4 3 513 1 342.1 3 329 1 254.3 3 358 1 242.0


5 716 5 614 5 443 5 347 5 328 5 381 5 495 5 399 5 360 5 256 5 271 5 325 5 279 5 367 5 375 5 345 5 338 5 294 5 179 4 804 4 910 4 759 4 693 4 599 4 424 4 452

Energy Industries

Million ton CO2 equiv. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

GHG Emissions National Total (including intern) Fuel Combustion Activities

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion

23.3 19.4 16.8 14.7 14.3 13.6 12.1 12.2 11.6 10.5 9.7 8.9 8.9 9.6 10.6 10.7 10.6 10.9 10.0 8.8 8.5 8.2 7.4 7.2 6.9 7.0

GHGs Emissions – EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2 equiv.) 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0

GHG’s Emissions - National Total (including intern) Fuel Combustion Activities Energy Industries

Manufacturing Industries and Construction Transport Commercial/Institutional


Residential Agriculture/ Forestry/Fisheries Other Sectors

161



548.3 518.3 496.3 483.6 476.6 478.1 478.8 477.2 473.3 470.8 464.5 457.9 451.3 447.1 446.8 439.8 436.9 439.1 436.4 431.2 425.5 426.3 423.8 426.7 433.9 436.7

240.9 245.5 244.0 244.1 243.9 245.3 245.2 241.8 238.7 233.6 230.7 227.0 223.6 217.7 209.1 203.0 197.9 191.4 182.9 176.2 169.7 164.0 158.8 150.6 144.4 139.3

4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7


Waste and Other

516.9 482.9 463.7 455.0 482.5 497.2 498.0 504.2 480.1 440.6 452.5 437.1 432.9 446.5 461.5 460.0 456.6 467.3 442.6 371.1 390.0 386.7 374.2 371.6 378.0 373.9

Indirect CO2

Agriculture

Million ton CO2 equiv. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion

69.3 68.2 73.8 78.1 81.6 86.1 90.2 94.6 101.7 109.8 115.9 114.1 111.3 115.8 123.6 131.7 137.3 141.9 142.6 132.0 132.3 136.6 134.0 135.2 137.3 142.2

GHGs Emissions – EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2 equiv.) 600 500 400 300 200 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0 Industrial Processes and Solvent Use Waste and Others International Aviation Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_20 June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

162

Agriculture Indirect CO2


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions *

EU-28 and Member States – Total Million ton CO2 EU-28 Index 1995


1995 4 288.3 100.0 % 128.7 58.4 132.0 64.6 952.9 18.3 36.9 89.6 274.5 408.4 17.2 453.2 6.7 9.3 15.1 9.7 62.2 2.7 180.9 65.5 362.1 56.4 126.1 15.3 44.8 59.2 60.7 577.0

2000 2005 4 280.2 4 423.0 99.8 % 103.1 % 131.2 45.4 127.5 57.5 918.4 15.4 47.0 105.5 322.0 429.0 20.0 474.2 7.9 7.2 11.9 9.7 59.3 2.8 181.9 68.0 317.9 67.9 93.4 15.5 41.3 58.2 56.7 587.7

128.9 51.1 126.6 54.8 888.6 17.3 50.5 116.5 382.4 439.9 23.7 500.4 8.8 8.0 14.2 13.4 61.3 3.0 188.4 81.3 322.6 71.6 100.0 17.0 42.9 58.4 55.9 595.5

2010 4 063.8 94.8 %

2014 3 606.4 84.1 %

2015 3 640.6 84.9 %

117.5 48.3 118.1 52.1 856.4 19.1 43.9 99.9 297.1 404.0 21.5 434.3 8.8 8.9 13.9 12.5 52.9 2.9 193.0 74.6 333.6 55.4 82.8 16.4 38.7 65.7 55.1 536.2

100.6 45.7 104.5 40.6 819.2 19.0 38.9 81.5 268.6 348.1 18.1 356.2 7.7 7.5 13.1 11.0 44.6 2.8 169.1 66.2 309.3 50.9 77.8 13.6 33.6 49.7 45.5 463.2

104.4 48.8 105.5 38.2 816.4 16.0 40.9 77.8 286.3 353.9 18.3 366.9 7.6 7.6 13.4 10.7 47.3 2.1 176.7 68.9 312.5 55.3 79.4 13.7 34.0 46.4 45.5 446.2

* CO2 emissions without LULUCF, with indirect CO2 and including international aviation. Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_20 June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

163


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion

Other Sectors

Other Combustion and Fugitive Emissions

2.0 0.5 1.2 1.8 5.8 0.3 0.5 0.5 11.3 11.1 0.6 6.9 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.0 1.4 0.0 9.0 0.8 9.3 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.3 1.3 1.3 4.1

0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.2 2.0

0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.0 0.3 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.1 0.2 3.5 1.2 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.8 4.6

84.5 43.8 92.1 33.7 744.3 15.6 36.0 69.2 250.8 310.2 15.9 341.7 6.0 6.7 10.4 8.8 41.6 1.8 158.0 52.2 290.8 47.2 68.1 12.8 25.4 40.0 37.8 395.7

21.1 13.4 26.2 30.2 2.8 9.3 53.3 9.8 17.3 12.7 3.8 12.2 330.0 126.0 159.1 12.2 0.5 2.3 11.6 4.5 11.7 40.8 5.2 16.8 85.7 40.1 82.5 41.8 50.0 130.7 4.8 2.2 5.9 105.3 51.5 104.8 3.0 0.5 1.8 1.7 0.6 3.1 3.1 1.2 5.0 0.5 1.1 5.6 13.8 4.3 12.0 0.9 0.0 0.6 67.9 24.0 30.8 10.8 10.3 22.4 162.7 27.8 46.0 18.2 7.7 16.0 29.6 12.4 15.5 4.5 1.6 5.3 7.6 6.7 6.6 16.0 8.3 11.0 8.7 7.4 18.0 131.7 53.0 116.5


164


26.4 0.7 %

Transport

6.9 0.2 %


73.0 2.0 %

Energy Industries



3 241.2 1 230.4 477.0 895.3 154.9 377.4 89.0 % 33.8 % 13.1 % 24.6 % 4.3 % 10.4 %

Fuel Combustion Activities

Million ton CO2 EU-28 Share (%)

Residential

2015

5.7 0.3 2.6 0.8 34.5 0.1 1.7 0.7 11.0 25.2 0.6 22.9 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.5 3.1 0.1 7.5 1.8 7.9 1.1 2.0 0.4 1.5 0.9 0.7 20.4

16.0 0.7 7.2 2.0 85.4 0.2 5.9 5.1 16.2 48.4 1.5 47.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 1.1 6.9 0.0 16.3 5.8 33.6 1.8 6.2 0.7 2.7 1.3 0.7 63.4


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

EU-28 and Member States – Other Than Fuel Combustion

10.3 0.3 %

3.2 0.1 %

1.7 0.0 %

140.9 3.9 %

15.3 4.4 11.2 1.2 44.7 0.3 2.0 5.7 20.4 22.9 1.9 15.0 0.9 0.5 2.6 0.5 4.8 0.0 7.1 14.4 18.5 4.7 9.8 0.7 8.3 4.2 5.3 15.9

0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 3.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.5 2.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.2

0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

0.0 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

4.2 0.5 0.9 2.6 24.3 0.1 2.5 2.9 14.6 17.3 0.4 9.7 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.4 0.5 0.3 11.4 2.1 1.9 3.1 1.4 0.1 0.1 2.0 2.2 33.1


243.4 6.7 %

Indirect CO2

Waste and Others


Agriculture

Million ton CO2 EU-28 Share (%)

Industrial Processes and Product Use

2015


165


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions


Residential

767.4 775.1 799.3 803.7 808.4 820.8 847.1 858.4 885.8 905.6 902.9 917.0 928.6 938.4 958.3 958.9 966.9 976.9 952.9 926.4 920.9 909.0 880.5 873.7 881.2 895.3

197.7 208.2 191.8 190.3 177.4 180.3 198.3 183.2 181.3 180.8 174.5 189.5 177.5 178.6 183.3 183.7 189.2 167.8 188.2 179.6 187.9 168.8 165.7 167.4 149.4 154.9

503.4 544.4 511.8 526.7 493.4 497.0 543.2 510.4 500.1 486.8 473.7 510.1 489.3 500.7 493.2 488.9 477.9 425.0 455.2 441.8 476.8 403.8 424.9 428.3 357.9 377.4

92.1 91.2 88.2 91.0 90.6 90.1 92.4 89.5 86.8 86.7 84.6 84.7 82.9 83.3 83.8 84.2 81.1 77.8 78.9 76.8 78.8 77.2 75.7 75.7 73.2 73.0

Other Sectors

Transport

828.9 782.2 745.8 717.4 720.7 736.5 725.3 717.2 685.4 664.7 672.3 648.8 633.2 641.2 638.6 627.1 620.0 621.8 593.0 497.1 530.7 516.9 493.0 483.1 475.4 477.0

4 530 4 111.6 1 669.9 4 469 4 080.8 1 632.7 4 332 3 954.7 1 573.0 4 252 3 878.1 1 506.2 4 243 3 848.3 1 515.6 4 288 3 879.1 1 511.4 4 395 3 989.0 1 540.9 4 310 3 894.4 1 494.2 4 309 3 889.9 1 511.7 4 248 3 830.6 1 469.2 4 280 3 844.6 1 499.8 4 348 3 925.9 1 540.9 4 323 3 904.6 1 557.7 4 419 3 986.6 1 607.6 4 439 3 988.0 1 594.3 4 423 3 968.2 1 587.4 4 435 3 972.0 1 598.0 4 393 3 920.5 1 612.1 4 294 3 841.5 1 536.2 3 945 3 566.4 1 410.3 4 064 3 663.4 1 433.8 3 924 3 520.3 1 410.8 3 865 3 476.6 1 404.5 3 779 3 392.4 1 330.3 3 606 3 212.6 1 242.8 3 641 3 241.2 1 230.4



Million ton CO2 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Energy Industries

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion GHG Emissions National Total (including intern) Fuel Combustion Activities

22.8 19.0 16.4 14.4 14.1 13.4 11.9 12.0 11.4 10.3 9.6 8.8 8.8 9.4 10.4 10.5 10.3 10.7 9.8 8.6 8.3 8.1 7.3 7.1 6.8 6.9

CO2 Emissions – EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2) 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000

Fuel Combustion Activities Manufacturing Industries and Construction Commercial/Institutional

Agriculture/ Forestry/Fisheries Energy Industries Transport

Residential Other Sectors

1 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


166


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

15.2 12.9 11.3 10.7 10.2 11.3 11.2 11.6 11.0 10.7 10.5 10.2 10.2 10.1 9.8 9.4 9.1 9.4 9.0 9.3 9.1 9.5 9.4 10.1 10.1 10.3

5.2 5.2 5.3 5.1 4.9 4.6 4.5 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.7 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.2

4.4 4.3 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7


325.3 298.4 283.3 277.0 294.8 304.2 297.0 302.9 300.2 291.6 304.1 292.5 291.3 301.5 312.6 308.8 311.2 316.7 296.5 233.2 254.6 253.7 240.3 237.5 242.5 243.4

Indirect CO2

Waste and Others

Million ton CO2 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Agriculture

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion Industrial Processes and Product Use

68.6 67.6 73.1 77.4 80.8 85.4 89.4 93.7 100.8 108.7 114.8 113.1 110.3 114.8 122.4 130.5 136.1 140.6 141.3 130.8 131.1 135.3 132.8 134.0 136.0 140.9

CO2 Emissions – EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion (Million ton CO2) 350 300 250 200 150

Industrial Processes and Product Use Waste and Others International Aviation

Agriculture Indirect CO2

100 50 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

0


167


4.2 Main Emissions Indicators 4.2.1 CO2 per Capita kg CO2/cap EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 8 899 100.0 % 12 701 6 933 12 778 12 381 11 687 12 607 10 269 8 503 6 925 6 885 3 700 7 972 10 313 3 702 4 156 23 922 6 013 7 147 11 730 8 250 9 385 5 631 5 551 7 691 8 369 11 601 6 888 9 959

2000 2005 8 784 8 943 98.7 % 100.5 %

2010 8 076 90.8 %

2014 7 114 79.9 %

2015 7 159 80.5 %

12 815 5 543 12 408 10 785 11 178 11 009 12 443 9 791 7 957 7 085 4 445 8 330 11 482 3 015 3 382 22 267 5 797 7 161 11 464 8 503 8 307 6 625 4 159 7 797 7 652 11 253 6 393 9 997

10 843 6 503 11 287 9 418 10 470 14 345 9 659 8 987 6 390 6 249 4 997 7 338 10 793 4 198 4 411 24 896 5 285 7 108 11 643 8 932 8 773 5 241 4 078 8 028 7 174 12 283 5 902 8 577

8 996 6 307 9 936 7 206 10 142 14 464 8 438 7 458 5 774 5 278 4 273 5 860 8 922 3 749 4 453 20 083 4 512 6 621 10 047 7 780 8 136 4 882 3 901 6 591 6 197 9 123 4 720 7 198

9 293 6 780 10 007 6 747 10 054 12 137 8 839 7 168 6 165 5 323 4 325 6 035 8 986 3 818 4 583 19 018 4 801 4 907 10 455 8 028 8 223 5 333 3 995 6 628 6 264 8 479 4 669 6 878

12 344 6 652 12 414 10 125 10 771 12 717 12 289 10 622 8 833 7 008 5 500 8 646 12 015 3 552 4 241 28 987 6 071 7 379 11 551 9 917 8 450 6 822 4 675 8 505 7 982 11 154 6 201 9 896

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_20 June 2017; Eurostat, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

168


4.2.2 Carbon GDP Intensity ton CO2/M€'10 EU-28 Index 1995

1995 444 100.0 %

2000 384 86.4 %

2005 361 81.2 %

2010 317 71.4 %

2014 273 61.4 %

2015 270 60.7 %


476.4 421.3 378.4 2 438.7 1 859.9 1 589.7 1 260.9 1 114.9 913.1 332.6 255.2 227.7 444.2 389.4 366.2 2 301.1 1 446.8 1 150.7 472.2 377.1 309.4 564.2 555.6 507.1 386.4 371.0 373.0 266.0 242.1 228.7 577.5 566.5 539.3 321.6 304.8 307.0 563.6 553.9 516.8 969.3 585.0 439.1 1 038.2 648.2 538.2 420.6 313.6 375.5 894.4 736.4 617.2 623.1 516.4 497.6 403.3 327.8 317.7 299.8 268.2 294.4 1 900.3 1 291.0 1 125.2 411.8 406.2 410.3 1 500.1 1 125.4 910.6 676.1 555.8 510.6 1 272.9 986.1 800.3 479.3 368.1 325.1 241.6 189.1 163.8 430.8 375.2 330.9

321.9 1 262.4 755.2 214.4 331.9 1 299.7 262.9 442.1 274.8 202.2 477.7 270.7 458.1 500.4 494.4 311.1 538.3 445.9 305.6 253.2 921.9 308.0 653.0 453.3 572.2 351.3 149.4 292.5

266.1 1 147.3 645.8 160.0 298.5 1 105.0 214.5 440.8 259.5 167.7 419.9 230.9 440.8 363.8 396.5 244.8 426.1 362.5 262.9 215.2 765.1 301.0 565.7 375.1 456.4 266.6 116.0 233.9

272.2 1 183.0 623.7 148.3 292.5 913.4 178.9 421.9 268.0 168.7 416.0 235.9 431.1 357.9 397.8 228.3 438.7 252.4 269.5 221.8 744.4 322.1 555.2 369.0 444.8 248.0 111.4 220.5

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_20 June 2017; DG ECFIN-AMECO database, June 2017 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 4

169

Country Profiles

PART

5

PART 5 Country Profiles


Summary 5.0

European Union 28 � � � � � �EU-28 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 174

5.1

Belgium � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �BE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 176

5.2

Bulgaria� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �BG � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 178

5.3

Czech Republic � � � � � � � � � � � �CZ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 180

5.4

Denmark � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �DK � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 182

5.5

Germany � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �DE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 184

5.6

Estonia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �EE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 186

5.7

Ireland� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �IE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 188

5.8

Greece � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �GR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 190

5.9

Spain � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �ES � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 192

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 194 5.10 France � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �FR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 196 5.11 Croatia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �HR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 198 5.12 Italy � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �IT � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 200 5.13 Cyprus � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �CY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 202 5.14 Latvia � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �LV � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 204 5.15 Lithuania � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �LT � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 206 5.16 Luxembourg � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �LU � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 208 5.17 Hungary� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �HU � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 210 5.18 Malta� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �MT � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 212 5.19 The Netherlands� � � � � � � � � �NL � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 214 5.20 Austria � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �AT � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 216 5.21 Poland � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �PL � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 218 5.22 Portugal � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �PT � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 220 5.23 Romania � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �RO � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 222 5.24 Slovenia� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �SI � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 224 5.25 Slovak Republic � � � � � � � � � � �SK � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 226 5.26 Finland � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �FI � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 228 5.27 Sweden� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �SE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 230 5.28 United Kingdom� � � � � � � � � � �UK

Sources: ESTAT – Database – June 2017; EEA – UNFCCC Database – June 2017; ECFIN – AMECO Database – June 2017; ESTAT – SHARES – March 2016; ESTAT – CHP Survey – June 2015; ESTAT – Market Survey – Feb. 2017

173


5.0 European Union 28 Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 969.3 Solid Fuels 279.8 of which Hard Coal 174.9 Petroleum and Products 180.8 of which Crude and NGL 172.3 Gases 191.5 of which Natural Gas 191.0 Nuclear 227.3 Renewables 84.3 Wastes, Non-Renewable 5.7 Net Imports 736.8 Solid Fuels 78.4 of which Hard Coal 76.6 Petroleum and Products 510.8 of which Crude and NGL 471.4 Gases 145.6 of which Natural Gas 145.6 Renewables 0.3 Electricity 1.8 Gross Inland Consumption 1 675.0 Solid Fuels 365.0 of which Hard Coal 257.6 Petroleum and Products 654.5 of which Crude and NGL 645.5 Gases 336.1 of which Natural Gas 335.7 Nuclear 227.3 Renewables 84.6 Electricity 1.8 Wastes, Non-Renewable 5.7 Primary Energy Consumption 1 567.6 Available for Final Consumption 1 193.1 Final Non-Energy Consumption 107.4 Final Energy Consumption 1 082.8 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 83.0 Petroleum and Products 466.1 Gases 247.5 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 43.6 Solar 0.3 Geothermal 0.4 Electricity 194.1 Derived heat 46.3 Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.6 by Sector Industry 331.6 Transport 306.8 Residential 285.5 Services 114.3 Agriculture and Fishing 32.5 Other 12.2

2000 952.1 214.6 120.7 180.0 169.9 209.4 209.2 243.8 98.2 6.1 827.1 98.3 94.3 533.0 501.0 193.5 193.5 0.3 2.0 1 730.1 321.3 221.5 662.2 673.5 396.2 396.0 243.8 98.5 2.0 6.1 1 618.0 1 243.2 112.2 1 132.9

2005 914.6 196.2 100.2 142.5 129.9 190.7 190.6 257.5 119.9 7.8 980.2 125.3 122.8 597.9 563.7 254.1 254.1 1.5 1.4 1 830.9 318.3 220.6 679.4 693.7 445.2 445.1 257.5 121.3 1.4 7.8 1 713.1 1 313.4 117.8 1 192.3

2010 851.6 165.0 75.0 110.2 94.9 159.8 159.8 236.6 168.9 11.1 953.7 111.7 111.1 557.5 522.3 278.0 278.0 5.8 0.6 1 764.4 283.3 192.0 610.9 617.6 447.1 447.0 236.6 174.8 0.6 11.1 1 657.4 1 276.4 106.9 1 164.5

2014 788.3 150.2 61.7 84.5 68.1 117.5 117.5 226.1 197.5 12.5 881.2 123.0 122.7 519.5 498.0 231.3 231.3 5.9 1.3 1 607.8 269.0 180.4 551.8 566.6 343.5 343.5 226.1 203.1 1.3 12.8 1 508.6 1 161.1 99.1 1 061.7

2015 781.9 145.4 58.2 89.3 72.7 107.9 107.9 221.2 205.0 13.0 902.1 112.4 112.6 534.9 528.0 247.3 247.3 6.0 1.2 1 627.5 262.7 175.7 560.1 597.0 357.9 357.9 221.2 211.0 1.2 13.3 1 530.7 1 182.4 96.8 1 084.0

61.9 490.5 267.6 48.3 0.4 0.4 217.4 45.3 1.0

54.0 503.8 282.0 57.8 0.7 0.4 239.4 52.7 1.5

50.1 458.5 272.3 80.9 1.5 0.4 244.1 54.0 2.7

46.2 422.4 229.1 80.5 1.9 0.5 232.4 45.3 3.4

46.3 429.6 236.3 84.3 2.0 0.5 235.7 45.9 3.5

333.4 344.7 291.2 121.4 29.5 12.7

328.1 369.3 309.2 144.2 29.0 12.5

287.0 364.2 318.9 157.8 26.2 10.4

274.0 352.6 264.5 141.8 24.7 4.1

274.7 358.6 275.2 146.9 24.7 3.8

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

174


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 618.5 681.1 758.0 883.9 975.0 981.9 Combustible Fuels 353.3 391.5 435.1 488.2 479.8 465.8 Nuclear 128.4 136.6 135.0 131.7 123.5 122.0 Hydro 133.5 139.0 143.4 147.3 150.3 152.4 Wind 2.4 12.7 40.4 84.6 129.1 141.5 Solar PV 0.0 0.2 2.3 29.5 86.8 94.9 Geothermal 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Other Sources 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 2.0 2.0 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 2 743.6 3 035.8 3 325.8 3 366.1 3 190.8 3 234.3 Solid Fuels 945.9 933.9 960.3 829.3 807.9 791.5 Petroleum and Products 230.3 181.3 142.8 87.0 58.0 61.1 Gases 294.4 513.1 704.0 799.1 490.6 529.9 Nuclear 880.8 945.0 997.7 916.6 876.3 857.1 Renewables 382.6 448.6 496.1 710.4 931.2 965.8 Wastes, non-RES 8.7 12.1 14.2 19.2 22.0 23.2 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 119.3 119.7 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 394.6 331.1 362.9 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 11.8 % 10.4 % 11.2 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 3 038.4 2 767.9 2 791.7 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 300 386.9 337 134.4 357 872.3 343 116.2 330 254.1 335 866.6 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 138 158.9 134 042.7 115 317.5 91 754.5 78 975.1 77 449.4 Gas/Diesel Oil 123 436.3 153 117.4 186 031.0 195 221.2 195 017.2 200 266.1 Final Consumption Biofuels 216.2 709.0 3 198.0 13 104.6 14 062.6 14 030.0 Biogasoline 24.3 58.2 573.4 2 804.6 2 656.9 2 680.2 Biodiesel 187.4 636.4 2 469.9 10 261.7 11 397.3 11 345.3 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 173.6 155.2 149.3 137.7 121.7 120.5 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 475.8 3 550.7 3 701.7 3 506.5 3 171.3 3 200.5 Final Electricity per Capita 4 685.2 5 188.9 5 630.3 5 641.5 5 330.9 5 389.9 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 162.4 145.1 139.7 129.3 114.2 113.3 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 43.1 % 46.7 % 52.1 % 52.6 % 53.4 % 54.0 % of Solid Fuels 21.5 % 30.6 % 39.4 % 39.4 % 45.7 % 42.8 % of Hard Coal 29.7 % 42.6 % 55.7 % 57.9 % 68.0 % 64.1 % of Petroleum Fuels 74.1 % 75.7 % 82.1 % 84.5 % 87.5 % 88.8 % of Crude and NGL 73.0 % 74.4 % 81.3 % 84.6 % 87.9 % 88.4 % of Natural Gas 43.4 % 48.9 % 57.1 % 62.2 % 67.3 % 69.1 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.0 % 12.9 % 16.1 % 16.7 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 10.9 % 14.9 % 18.1 % 18.6 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 14.8 % 19.7 % 27.5 % 28.8 % RES-T – Transport 1.8 % 5.2 % 6.5 % 6.7 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 4 288.3 4 280.2 4 423.0 4 063.8 3 606.4 3 640.6 GHGs Emissions* 5 381.4 5 270.8 5 345.2 4 909.5 4 423.7 4 451.8 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 898.7 8 784.2 8 942.6 8 076.3 7 113.6 7 159.5 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 508.0 2 415.3 2 353.2 2 241.1 2 185.9 2 180.5 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 444.3 383.9 360.8 317.0 272.9 269.5 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

175


5.1 Belgium Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 11.83 0.31 0.31 0.00

2000 13.61 0.21 0.21 0.00

2005 13.72 0.06 0.06 0.01

2010 16.19

2014 13.32

2015 11.59

0.01 0.80

0.01 0.99

0.01 1.22

0.00 0.00 10.67 0.44 0.41 46.64 9.42 8.90 26.37 26.18 10.42 10.42 0.09 0.35 53.83 8.65 8.21 22.61 26.23 10.61 10.61 10.67 0.53 0.35 0.41 47.91 39.93 5.92 34.35

0.00 0.00 12.42 0.53 0.44 50.50 7.30 6.56 29.45 34.04 13.28 13.28 0.10 0.37 59.30 8.00 7.26 24.06 33.97 13.37 13.37 12.42 0.64 0.37 0.44 52.32 44.83 6.99 37.53

12.28 0.88 0.50 53.43 5.24 4.96 32.55 31.77 14.82 14.82 0.28 0.54 59.06 5.17 4.91 24.67 31.92 14.74 14.74 12.28 1.16 0.54 0.50 51.33 44.42 7.73 36.58

12.37 2.27 0.74 53.56 3.70 3.72 32.45 33.11 16.79 16.79 0.57 0.05 60.90 3.76 3.69 24.41 33.13 16.75 16.75 12.37 2.83 0.05 0.74 53.54 45.66 7.36 37.63

8.69 2.95 0.68 47.13 3.39 3.10 28.94 32.57 12.83 12.83 0.45 1.51 53.55 3.33 3.00 23.25 32.53 12.68 12.68 8.69 3.40 1.51 0.68 45.15 42.73 8.40 34.20

6.73 2.96 0.68 50.63 3.10 2.64 31.18 32.26 13.87 13.87 0.68 1.81 54.22 3.18 2.74 24.22 32.24 13.97 13.97 6.73 3.63 1.81 0.68 45.70 44.46 8.52 35.78

3.33 16.03 8.44 0.35 0.00

3.40 16.54 9.89 0.41 0.00

2.03 16.52 9.94 0.64 0.00

1.63 16.10 10.44 1.52 0.01

5.89 0.23 0.09

6.67 0.49 0.12

6.90 0.43 0.12

7.16 0.64 0.14

1.68 14.55 8.63 1.65 0.02 0.00 6.98 0.53 0.16

1.61 15.72 9.20 1.55 0.02 0.00 7.03 0.51 0.14

11.91 8.57 9.30 3.46 1.10 0.00

14.10 9.66 9.47 3.48 0.78 0.03

11.71 9.95 9.93 4.15 0.81 0.03

12.06 10.35 9.41 5.03 0.76 0.03

11.92 9.90 7.40 4.23 0.71 0.04

11.89 10.44 8.14 4.56 0.72 0.03


176


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 14.92 15.69 16.10 18.69 20.93 21.15 Combustible Fuels 7.88 8.55 8.71 9.52 8.60 8.51 Nuclear 5.63 5.71 5.80 5.93 5.93 5.91 Hydro 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.43 1.43 1.42 Wind 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.91 1.94 2.18 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 3.03 3.12 Geothermal 0.00 0.00 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.00 0.00 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 74.41 84.01 87.03 95.19 72.67 70.65 Solid Fuels 16.52 12.92 8.20 4.20 2.23 2.21 Petroleum and Products 1.31 0.80 1.74 0.41 0.22 0.21 Gases 12.94 19.09 25.14 33.18 21.49 24.85 Nuclear 41.36 48.16 47.60 47.94 33.70 26.10 Renewables 1.56 2.28 3.42 7.85 13.38 15.57 Wastes, non-RES 0.72 0.77 0.66 1.36 1.25 1.25 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.89 2.58 2.40 2.4 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 7.36 15.20 12.20 12.5 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 8.5 % 16.0 % 16.8 % 17.7 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 75.86 0.00 107.36 104.4 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 8 439.9 9 536.5 9 802.7 9 747.7 9 316.7 9 996.1 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 977.3 2 359.3 1 846.5 1 235.9 1 242.2 1 321.0 Gas/Diesel Oil 4 282.6 5 416.1 6 522.1 7 074.6 6 692.0 7 154.9 Final Consumption Biofuels 366.0 419.2 261.2 Biogasoline 57.1 39.2 40.6 Biodiesel 308.9 380.0 220.6 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 199.3 190.4 173.3 166.8 141.6 141.3 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5 313.7 5 791.8 5 653.9 5 618.3 4 789.4 4 824.7 Final Electricity per Capita 6 756.6 7 573.1 7 677.9 7 685.6 7 258.2 7 271.7 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 177.4 168.0 150.6 146.7 119.4 119.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 80.8 % 78.1 % 80.1 % 78.2 % 80.0 % 84.3 % of Solid Fuels 108.9 % 91.2 % 101.3 % 98.3 % 101.6 % 97.2 % of Hard Coal 108.5 % 90.4 % 100.9 % 100.7 % 103.2 % 96.5 % of Petroleum Fuels 99.6 % 100.2 % 100.8 % 101.4 % 101.1 % 103.8 % of Crude and NGL 99.8 % 100.2 % 99.5 % 99.9 % 100.1 % 100.0 % of Natural Gas 98.2 % 99.3 % 100.5 % 100.3 % 101.2 % 99.3 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 2.3 % 5.7 % 8.0 % 7.9 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 3.4 % 6.1 % 7.7 % 7.6 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 2.4 % 7.1 % 13.4 % 15.4 % RES-T – Transport 0.6 % 4.7 % 5.7 % 3.8 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 128.67 131.21 128.94 117.53 100.59 104.42 GHGs Emissions* 157.27 154.19 148.68 136.64 118.15 121.64 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 701.2 12 815.0 12 343.6 10 842.6 8 996.5 9 292.6 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 230.0 2 029.8 1 933.4 1 715.9 1 706.9 1 739.3 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 476.4 421.3 378.4 321.9 266.1 272.2 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

177


5.2 Bulgaria Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 10.27 5.29 0.97 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 4.46 0.42 0.00 12.83 2.42 2.35 5.87 7.39 4.56 4.56 -0.01 -0.01 22.69 7.62 3.21 5.63 7.41 4.58 4.58 4.46 0.41 -0.01 0.00 21.46 12.93 1.23 11.42

2000 9.87 4.30 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.01 4.70 0.78 0.01 8.54 2.26 2.25 3.94 5.18 2.74 2.74 0.00 -0.40 18.52 6.43 2.23 4.07 5.25 2.93 2.93 4.70 0.78 -0.40 0.01 17.54 9.99 0.98 9.11

2005 10.70 4.18 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.38 0.38 4.83 1.12 0.06 9.28 2.55 2.49 4.94 5.84 2.46 2.46 -0.03 -0.65 19.75 6.90 2.63 4.72 5.98 2.80 2.80 4.83 1.10 -0.65 0.06 18.91 10.56 0.85 10.19

2010 10.53 4.94 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.06 3.96 1.50 0.01 7.08 1.70 1.67 4.03 5.37 2.13 2.13 -0.06 -0.73 17.77 6.89 1.89 3.89 5.41 2.30 2.30 3.96 1.46 -0.73 0.01 17.35 8.79 0.42 8.84

2014 11.31 5.12 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.16 0.16 4.11 1.84 0.02 6.16 0.93 0.89 3.88 5.02 2.22 2.22 -0.06 -0.81 17.74 6.40 1.21 3.88 5.07 2.36 2.36 4.11 1.79 -0.81 0.02 17.23 8.95 0.51 9.01

2015 12.13 5.87 0.03 0.14 0.02 0.09 0.09 3.98 2.03 0.03 6.59 0.74 0.70 4.25 5.91 2.52 2.52 -0.02 -0.91 18.51 6.62 0.74 4.20 5.88 2.60 2.60 3.98 1.99 -0.91 0.03 17.90 9.65 0.61 9.51

1.26 2.93 1.79 0.18

0.88 3.03 1.68 0.55

2.47 2.80 0.00

2.09 0.88 0.01

0.98 3.72 1.57 0.69 0.00 0.03 2.21 0.94 0.05

0.41 3.13 1.06 0.91 0.01 0.03 2.33 0.96 0.01

0.32 3.06 1.20 1.07 0.02 0.03 2.38 0.90 0.02

0.33 3.37 1.31 1.15 0.02 0.03 2.44 0.82 0.03

6.01 1.85 2.47 0.19 0.38 0.51

3.97 2.01 2.16 0.65 0.31 0.01

4.04 2.90 2.12 0.82 0.30 0.00

2.56 2.86 2.25 0.99 0.19 0.00

2.62 3.11 2.17 0.93 0.19 0.00

2.71 3.40 2.20 0.99 0.19 0.02


178


1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 1.98 11.09 12.26 10.03 Combustible Fuels 0.00 5.67 6.68 4.58 Nuclear 0.00 3.53 2.72 1.89 Hydro 1.98 1.88 2.85 3.05 Wind 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.49 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 41.79 40.92 44.37 46.65 Solid Fuels 17.32 16.94 18.46 22.61 Petroleum and Products 1.44 0.66 0.61 0.39 Gases 3.45 2.18 1.90 1.97 Nuclear 17.26 18.18 18.65 15.25 Renewables 2.31 2.95 4.74 6.42 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.2 1.0 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.7 3.7 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 6.1 % 8.0 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 50.4 40.4 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 775.7 1 803.5 2 624.4 2 607.7 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 161.4 706.7 571.2 610.6 Gas/Diesel Oil 277.7 778.7 1 416.1 1 440.7 Final Consumption Biofuels 13.5 Biogasoline Biodiesel 10.5 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 947.0 758.8 614.0 464.9 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 692.3 2 261.4 2 569.3 2 394.8 Final Electricity per Capita 3 404.2 2 960.7 3 344.7 3 651.8 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 895.5 718.7 587.6 453.9 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 55.9 % 46.0 % 46.7 % 39.6 % of Solid Fuels 31.8 % 35.1 % 37.0 % 24.7 % of Hard Coal 73.0 % 100.5 % 94.7 % 88.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 99.6 % 95.4 % 102.2 % 101.1 % of Crude and NGL 99.7 % 98.7 % 97.7 % 99.1 % of Natural Gas 99.5 % 93.6 % 87.7 % 92.7 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.4 % 14.1 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 14.3 % 24.4 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 9.3 % 12.7 % RES-T – Transport 0.8 % 1.4 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 58.43 45.40 51.15 48.26 GHGs Emissions* 75.32 59.61 64.26 60.81 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6 933.0 5 543.1 6 652.3 6 503.0 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 545.2 2 442.4 2 574.4 2 700.8 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 2 438.7 1 859.9 1 589.7 1 262.4

2014 11.39 4.47 1.98 3.22 0.70 1.03

2015 10.91 3.99 1.98 3.22 0.70 1.03

47.49 21.31 0.21 2.14 15.87 7.95 0.00

49.23 22.52 0.18 1.86 15.38 9.25 0.00

0.9 3.0 6.2 % 33.4

1.1 2.9 6.0 % 31.9

2 702.4 2 987.3 505.5 520.2 1 584.2 1 814.5 110.7 146.2 14.8 32.2 95.9 114.0 445.5 448.5 2 448.9 2 570.2 3 819.4 3 933.0 432.6

433.8

34.5 % 35.4 % 14.5 % 11.2 % 73.9 % 94.9 % 97.9 % 99.1 % 99.0 % 100.5 % 94.0 % 97.0 % 18.0 % 18.2 % 28.3 % 28.6 % 18.9 % 19.1 % 5.8 % 6.5 % 45.70 58.02

48.83 62.02

6 307.2 6 779.5 2 563.8 2 625.4 1 147.3 1 183.0

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

179


5.3 Czech Republic Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 32.69 27.57 10.80 0.30 0.15 0.20 0.20 3.16 1.43 0.03 8.60 -5.78 -2.86 7.91 6.96 6.42 6.42 0.01 0.04 41.94 22.66 8.35 8.08 6.95 6.55 6.55 3.16 1.43 0.04 0.03 39.63 28.09 2.32 26.32

2000 30.81 25.05 9.42 0.39 0.17 0.17 0.17 3.51 1.61 0.09 9.41 -4.72 -3.52 7.51 5.57 7.48 7.48 0.00 -0.86 41.37 21.64 6.28 7.88 5.85 7.50 7.50 3.51 1.62 -0.86 0.09 39.27 27.50 2.09 25.07

2005 33.17 23.57 8.41 0.59 0.31 0.15 0.15 6.41 2.27 0.17 12.64 -3.27 -2.77 9.65 7.65 7.54 7.54 -0.19 -1.09 45.43 20.25 5.61 9.90 7.70 7.70 7.70 6.41 2.09 -1.09 0.17 42.48 29.55 2.95 26.33

2010 32.03 20.83 7.50 0.30 0.18 0.20 0.20 7.25 3.25 0.20 11.59 -2.83 -2.73 8.98 7.81 6.85 6.85 -0.12 -1.29 45.43 18.77 5.03 9.30 8.01 8.07 8.07 7.25 3.13 -1.29 0.20 42.50 29.01 2.93 25.38

2014 29.81 16.98 5.73 0.33 0.15 0.21 0.21 7.84 4.20 0.25 12.79 -0.68 -0.85 8.93 7.48 5.95 5.95 -0.02 -1.40 42.24 16.04 4.69 9.15 7.62 6.18 6.18 7.84 4.18 -1.40 0.25 39.29 26.58 2.95 23.63

2015 29.05 17.06 5.57 0.28 0.13 0.21 0.21 6.95 4.28 0.28 13.54 -0.29 -0.46 8.75 7.24 6.16 6.16 -0.01 -1.08 42.44 16.58 5.03 8.96 7.35 6.48 6.48 6.95 4.28 -1.08 0.28 39.93 27.37 2.52 24.19

6.12 5.09 6.17 1.12 0.00

5.13 5.32 6.49 1.20 0.00

3.77 6.82 6.74 1.64 0.00

2.67 6.58 6.53 2.24 0.01

4.13 3.66 0.02

4.25 2.62 0.06

4.75 2.48 0.13

4.66 2.53 0.16

2.40 6.45 5.23 2.67 0.02 0.00 4.59 2.08 0.20

2.33 6.72 5.43 2.71 0.02 0.00 4.68 2.08 0.22

12.51 2.84 6.58 2.42 1.23 0.74

10.13 4.37 6.42 2.97 0.66 0.52

9.68 6.10 6.65 3.11 0.55 0.25

7.97 6.23 7.40 3.15 0.55 0.08

7.41 6.24 6.49 2.80 0.62 0.07

7.47 6.49 6.69 2.85 0.61 0.07


180


1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 13.80 15.32 17.41 20.07 Combustible Fuels 10.64 11.47 11.46 12.04 Nuclear 1.76 1.76 3.76 3.90 Hydro 1.40 2.10 2.17 2.20 Wind 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.21 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.73 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 60.85 73.47 82.58 85.90 Solid Fuels 44.34 52.75 49.52 46.90 Petroleum and Products 0.59 0.37 0.33 0.20 Gases 1.00 3.91 4.22 4.20 Nuclear 12.23 13.59 24.73 28.00 Renewables 2.68 2.84 3.78 6.49 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.20 4.79 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 13.87 12.24 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 16.8 % 14.2 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 150.67 135.67 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 601.5 4 076.4 5 865.9 5 783.8 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 693.8 1 921.5 2 125.3 1 868.0 Gas/Diesel Oil 703.6 1 886.4 3 321.9 3 491.8 Final Consumption Biofuels 15.9 61.9 2.7 231.2 Biogasoline 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.0 Biodiesel 15.9 61.9 2.7 173.2 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 400.5 361.6 327.6 290.5 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 059.1 4 024.8 4 453.9 4 342.2 Final Electricity per Capita 4 653.2 4 804.5 5 421.3 5 182.8 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 378.4 343.3 306.3 271.8 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 20.5 % 22.8 % 27.8 % 25.5 % of Solid Fuels -25.5 % -21.8 % -16.1 % -15.1 % of Hard Coal -34.2 % -56.1 % -49.4 % -54.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 98.0 % 95.3 % 97.5 % 96.5 % of Crude and NGL 100.2 % 95.2 % 99.3 % 97.6 % of Natural Gas 98.0 % 99.8 % 97.8 % 84.8 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 7.1 % 10.5 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 10.9 % 14.1 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 3.7 % 7.5 % RES-T – Transport 0.9 % 5.1 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 132.04 127.53 126.61 118.08 GHGs Emissions* 157.62 149.97 148.59 140.56 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 778.3 12 408.2 12 414.4 11 286.8 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 148.1 3 083.0 2 787.3 2 599.3 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 260.9 1 114.9 913.1 755.2

2014 21.92 13.03 4.29 2.25 0.28 2.07

2015 21.87 12.96 4.29 2.26 0.28 2.08

86.15 40.73 0.11 4.61 30.33 10.22 0.07

83.89 41.14 0.09 4.96 26.84 10.70 0.08

4.63 4.6 11.80 11.8 13.7 % 14.0 % 105.63 106.0 5 728.9 5 986.7 1 557.9 1 570.5 3 757.1 3 980.6 316.8 296.5 65.8 63.2 251.0 233.3 261.2 251.0 4 018.1 4 027.4 5 081.6 5 169.2 242.9

236.1

30.3 % -4.2 % -18.1 % 97.6 % 98.2 % 96.3 %

31.9 % -1.8 % -9.1 % 97.8 % 98.4 % 95.1 %

15.1 % 15.1 % 19.6 % 19.8 % 13.9 % 14.1 % 6.9 % 6.5 % 104.45 105.46 127.50 128.82 9 936.1 10 006.9 2 472.8 2 484.7 645.8 623.7


181


5.4 Denmark Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 16.26

2000 28.77

2005 30.78

2010 22.92

2014 15.75

2015 15.72

9.99 9.29 4.73 4.70

19.28 18.09 7.43 7.41

18.46 18.46 9.40 9.38

12.04 12.04 7.36 7.34

8.09 8.08 4.15 4.14

7.66 7.65 4.16 4.14

1.29 0.25 7.27 7.66 7.63 1.17 0.62 -1.50 -1.50 0.01 -0.07 20.20 6.50 6.47 9.03 9.77 3.20 3.17

1.74 2.51 0.33 0.41 -7.37 -10.13 3.78 3.51 3.75 3.48 -8.39 -9.07 -9.86 -10.87 -2.88 -5.01 -2.88 -5.01 0.06 0.33 0.06 0.12 19.74 19.56 3.99 3.71 3.96 3.69 9.10 8.06 8.18 7.70 4.47 4.41 4.45 4.40

3.11 0.41 -3.25 2.64 2.63 -3.59 -4.94 -3.02 -3.02 0.81 -0.10 20.04 3.81 3.79 7.57 7.18 4.44 4.42

3.13 0.38 2.15 2.53 2.51 -0.68 -1.33 -1.31 -1.31 1.33 0.25 16.80 2.41 2.39 6.44 6.88 2.82 2.80

3.53 0.38 2.30 1.47 1.46 0.42 -0.36 -1.38 -1.38 1.23 0.51 16.77 1.73 1.72 6.47 7.22 2.87 2.85

1.30 -0.07 0.25 19.88 15.03 0.32 14.82

1.80 0.06 0.33 19.44 15.02 0.30 14.72

2.84 0.12 0.41 19.27 15.47 0.29 15.50

3.92 -0.10 0.41 19.78 15.67 0.26 15.52

4.47 0.25 0.42 16.55 13.71 0.25 13.52

4.76 0.51 0.43 16.51 14.10 0.25 13.95

0.38 7.26 1.69 0.58 0.01

0.29 7.06 1.67 0.63 0.01

0.25 7.30 1.71 0.91 0.01

2.66 2.24 0.01

2.79 2.25 0.02

2.88 2.42 0.03

0.14 6.75 1.75 1.26 0.01 0.00 2.76 2.84 0.02

0.13 5.75 1.44 1.24 0.01 0.00 2.63 2.29 0.02

0.12 5.84 1.47 1.43 0.01 0.00 2.64 2.42 0.02

3.00 4.54 4.48 1.84 0.94 0.02

2.92 4.82 4.16 1.84 0.96 0.01

2.85 5.32 4.45 2.00 0.86 0.01

2.41 5.18 4.91 2.13 0.88 0.01

2.09 4.90 3.96 1.82 0.74 0.01

2.11 4.95 4.25 1.87 0.76 0.01


182


1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 10.82 12.32 13.04 13.44 Combustible Fuels 10.21 9.92 9.89 9.62 Nuclear Hydro 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Wind 0.60 2.39 3.13 3.80 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 36.76 36.05 36.25 38.86 Solid Fuels 27.36 16.67 15.46 17.01 Petroleum and Products 3.63 4.44 1.38 0.77 Gases 3.64 8.77 8.78 7.91 Nuclear Renewables 1.85 5.57 9.81 12.43 Wastes, non-RES 0.27 0.56 0.82 0.75 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.69 5.81 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 18.89 19.10 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 52.1 % 49.2 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 118.98 124.74 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 4 521.7 4 785.8 5 292.1 5 117.9 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 943.7 2 019.1 1 921.8 1 574.4 Gas/Diesel Oil 1 814.4 1 863.3 2 372.2 2 648.6 Final Consumption Biofuels 26.8 Biogasoline 26.8 Biodiesel 0.0 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 104.1 87.6 81.3 82.4 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 873.5 3 702.8 3 613.8 3 621.5 Final Electricity per Capita 5 921.5 6 089.5 6 183.6 5 792.1 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 102.4 86.3 80.1 81.3 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 33.4 % -35.0 % -49.8 % -15.7 % of Solid Fuels 117.9 % 94.9 % 94.4 % 69.4 % of Hard Coal 118.0 % 94.7 % 94.3 % 69.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 11.0 % -80.8 % -102.7 % -43.4 % of Crude and NGL 6.3 % -120.5 % -141.3 % -68.8 % of Natural Gas -47.2 % -64.8 % -113.9 % -68.3 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 16.0 % 22.1 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 22.8 % 31.0 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 24.6 % 32.7 % RES-T – Transport 0.4 % 1.1 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 64.58 57.48 54.79 52.13 GHGs Emissions* 80.12 73.12 68.93 65.64 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 380.9 10 784.7 10 125.1 9 418.3 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 964.9 2 734.9 2 696.4 2 514.5 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 332.6 255.2 227.7 214.4

2014 13.62 8.12

2015 14.01 8.14

0.01 4.89 0.61 0.00

0.01 5.08 0.78 0.00

32.18 11.06 0.32 2.09

28.95 7.11 0.31 1.82

17.99 0.72

18.96 0.75

6.17 6.1 11.49 11.6 35.7 % 40.0 % 91.12 93.3 4 635.3 4 681.4 1 321.3 1 317.1 2 343.7 2 432.4 231.1 232.0 0.0 0.0 231.1 232.0 66.3 65.1 2 986.0 2 962.3 5 425.4 5 424.3 65.3

64.1

12.2 % 104.9 % 104.9 % -9.5 % -19.4 % -46.9 %

13.1 % 85.0 % 85.0 % 5.8 % -5.0 % -48.2 %

29.3 % 30.8 % 37.9 % 39.6 % 48.5 % 51.3 % 6.7 % 6.7 % 40.55 53.51

38.18 50.98

7 206.3 6 746.8 2 312.1 2 178.0 160.0 148.3


183


5.5 Germany Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 145.26 Solid Fuels 78.94 of which Hard Coal 38.10 Petroleum and Products 4.30 of which Crude and NGL 2.97 Gases 15.10 of which Natural Gas 15.10 Nuclear 39.51 Renewables 5.98 Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.44 Net Imports 195.18 Solid Fuels 10.27 of which Hard Coal 8.17 Petroleum and Products 131.60 of which Crude and NGL 101.60 Gases 52.90 of which Natural Gas 52.90 Renewables 0.00 Electricity 0.42 Gross Inland Consumption 341.64 Solid Fuels 91.64 of which Hard Coal 47.71 Petroleum and Products 135.37 of which Crude and NGL 104.82 Gases 67.30 of which Natural Gas 67.30 Nuclear 39.51 Renewables 5.98 Electricity 0.42 Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.44 Primary Energy Consumption 318.02 Available for Final Consumption 244.01 Final Non-Energy Consumption 23.62 Final Energy Consumption 221.62 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 13.89 Petroleum and Products 105.63 Gases 51.83 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 2.69 Solar 0.04 Geothermal 0.00 Electricity 38.80 Derived heat 8.75 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.00 by Sector Industry 60.14 Transport 63.66 Residential 66.25 Services 25.89 Agriculture and Fishing 1.99 Other 3.69

2000 135.60 60.63 24.16 4.73 3.20 15.82 15.80 43.75 8.98 1.68 204.71 21.66 17.19 125.92 101.44 56.87 56.87 0.00 0.26 342.33 84.80 43.80 130.98 108.09 71.88 71.85 43.75 8.98 0.26 1.68 317.27 247.33 25.06 220.01

2005 139.11 56.48 18.03 7.54 3.46 14.33 14.33 42.06 16.85 1.85 208.19 25.97 23.76 120.32 111.12 61.94 61.94 0.36 -0.39 341.93 81.95 41.30 121.48 114.25 77.78 77.78 42.06 17.21 -0.39 1.85 317.26 247.18 24.66 218.46

2010 133.04 45.91 9.25 8.15 2.47 11.11 11.11 36.26 27.71 3.91 201.99 31.65 29.15 110.13 91.91 61.65 61.65 -0.14 -1.29 332.49 78.82 39.57 111.32 94.48 75.91 75.91 36.26 27.57 -1.29 3.91 309.91 242.63 22.58 219.65

2014 124.69 44.13 5.50 8.32 2.43 6.86 6.86 25.06 36.02 4.30 194.75 35.66 34.51 105.94 89.26 56.67 56.67 -0.61 -2.91 313.24 79.62 39.89 108.40 91.48 63.37 63.37 25.06 35.41 -2.91 4.30 291.11 229.87 22.13 208.88

2015 124.23 43.00 4.60 8.08 2.38 6.34 6.34 23.68 38.89 4.25 196.02 36.17 35.22 105.86 89.77 58.68 58.68 -0.53 -4.15 314.20 79.52 40.19 107.41 92.43 65.15 65.15 23.68 38.35 -4.15 4.25 292.94 233.14 21.27 212.12

10.96 99.74 56.08 4.72 0.11 0.00 41.57 6.83 0.00

8.24 90.31 55.14 8.54 0.26 0.04 44.91 10.75 0.28

9.38 83.17 56.43 12.14 0.48 0.05 45.78 11.27 0.95

9.73 81.90 49.76 12.52 0.63 0.08 44.10 9.15 1.02

10.40 81.12 51.76 13.22 0.67 0.07 44.26 9.59 1.03

57.57 66.77 65.24 25.79 0.29 4.35

59.09 62.32 63.50 33.19 0.02 0.34

60.56 61.10 62.45 35.36 0.00 0.18

60.72 63.47 51.53 33.04 0.00 0.13

60.95 63.17 53.17 34.72 0.00 0.12


184


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 116.23 118.88 128.61 162.70 198.42 204.05 Combustible Fuels 83.36 80.79 76.38 85.82 97.20 96.97 Nuclear 22.83 22.40 20.38 20.47 12.07 10.80 Hydro 8.88 9.49 10.86 11.22 11.23 11.40 Wind 1.14 6.10 18.38 27.18 39.19 44.67 Solar PV 0.02 0.11 2.06 17.55 38.23 39.79 Geothermal 0.01 0.02 0.03 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.45 0.45 0.40 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 537.28 576.54 622.58 632.98 627.80 646.89 Solid Fuels 289.14 296.69 288.14 262.90 274.41 272.20 Petroleum and Products 8.98 4.79 12.00 8.74 5.66 6.21 Gases 50.40 59.97 83.61 100.91 72.77 74.53 Nuclear 153.09 169.61 163.06 140.56 97.13 91.79 Renewables 30.40 39.71 69.28 111.21 168.37 193.29 Wastes, non-RES 5.26 5.79 3.25 6.35 7.43 7.06 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 20.8 37.2 37.1 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 77.9 83.2 74.8 78.8 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 12.5 % 13.2 % 11.9 % 12.2 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 652.5 675.8 651.4 669.9 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 62 229.4 65 139.3 58 489.5 56 660.0 59 231.5 59 204.6 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 32 058.9 30 650.8 23 721.5 18 859.5 17 682.2 16 926.3 Gas/Diesel Oil 24 098.7 27 046.6 26 364.4 28 449.1 32 175.3 32 943.9 Final Consumption Biofuels 35.6 236.5 1 858.9 2 884.2 2 739.6 2 537.3 Biogasoline 153.0 749.0 779.1 744.2 Biodiesel 31.1 222.1 1 551.7 2 104.4 1 957.0 1 791.9 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 159.3 145.1 140.9 128.9 114.2 112.6 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 189.9 4 166.5 4 144.5 4 064.5 3 878.3 3 869.6 Final Electricity per Capita 5 533.7 5 884.0 6 330.4 6 508.7 6 349.5 6 339.2 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 148.3 134.5 130.7 120.1 106.1 105.0 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 56.8 % 59.4 % 60.5 % 60.3 % 61.7 % 61.9 % of Solid Fuels 11.2 % 25.5 % 31.7 % 40.1 % 44.8 % 45.5 % of Hard Coal 17.1 % 39.2 % 57.5 % 73.7 % 86.5 % 87.6 % of Petroleum Fuels 95.8 % 94.6 % 97.1 % 96.5 % 95.7 % 96.4 % of Crude and NGL 96.9 % 93.8 % 97.3 % 97.3 % 97.6 % 97.1 % of Natural Gas 78.6 % 79.1 % 79.6 % 81.2 % 89.4 % 90.1 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 6.7 % 10.5 % 13.8 % 14.6 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 6.8 % 9.8 % 12.2 % 12.9 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 10.5 % 18.1 % 28.2 % 30.7 % RES-T – Transport 4.0 % 6.4 % 7.3 % 6.8 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 952.90 918.39 888.58 856.43 819.16 816.37 GHGs Emissions* 1 135.75 1 062.24 1 014.86 965.97 928.83 926.48 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11 686.5 11 177.6 10 770.6 10 469.5 10 142.2 10 054.1 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 772.5 2 665.7 2 580.1 2 554.7 2 596.1 2 578.6 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 444.2 389.4 366.2 331.9 298.5 292.5 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

185


5.6 Estonia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.89 3.06

2000 3.55 2.67

2005 4.39 3.18

2010 5.60 3.94

2014 6.58 4.53

2015 6.50 4.20

0.48

0.37

0.52

0.67

0.80

0.95

0.35

0.51

0.69

0.99

1.81 0.30 0.05 1.01

1.63 0.27 0.06 0.79

1.50 0.02 0.04 0.92

0.87 -0.02 0.05 0.76

1.19 0.07 0.62 0.01 0.05 0.73

1.29 0.07 0.48 -0.01 0.01 0.55

0.58 0.58 -0.01 -0.07 5.53 3.50 0.05 1.17

0.66 0.66 -0.01 -0.08 4.97 2.97 0.06 0.91

0.80 0.80 -0.11 -0.14 5.62 3.19 0.04 1.18

0.56 0.56 -0.15 -0.28 6.15 3.92 0.04 1.10

0.44 0.44 -0.32 -0.24 6.68 4.45 0.05 1.10

0.39 0.39 -0.37 -0.08 6.26 3.85 0.02 1.12

0.58 0.58

0.66 0.66

0.80 0.80

0.56 0.56

0.44 0.44

0.39 0.39

0.34 -0.07 0.00 5.35 3.04 0.18 2.56

0.51 -0.08 0.00 4.79 2.69 0.18 2.43

0.59 -0.14 0.00 5.39 3.00 0.23 2.88

0.85 -0.28 0.00 6.06 3.02 0.09 2.91

0.86 -0.24 0.07 6.57 3.15 0.11 2.82

0.91 -0.08 0.07 6.16 3.03 0.10 2.77

0.19 0.85 0.25 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.59 0.00

0.12 0.77 0.18 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.51 0.00

0.12 0.98 0.26 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.55 0.00

0.08 0.94 0.21 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.53 0.00

0.09 0.97 0.22 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.44 0.02

0.04 0.99 0.22 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.43 0.01

0.84 0.50 0.96 0.17 0.08 0.00

0.57 0.59 0.93 0.29 0.06 0.00

0.72 0.77 0.89 0.39 0.11 0.00

0.58 0.79 1.03 0.42 0.10 0.00

0.56 0.78 0.89 0.46 0.13 0.00

0.52 0.79 0.86 0.47 0.13 0.00


186


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 0.00 2.80 2.56 2.75 3.03 2.86 Combustible Fuels 0.00 2.80 2.52 2.64 2.75 2.55 Nuclear Hydro 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Wind 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.11 0.28 0.30 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 8.69 8.51 10.21 12.96 12.45 10.42 Solid Fuels 8.29 7.68 9.30 11.17 10.36 8.04 Petroleum and Products 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.13 Gases 0.30 0.76 0.76 0.71 0.58 0.62 Nuclear Renewables 0.01 0.02 0.11 1.04 1.39 1.50 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.13 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.38 0.45 0.47 0.43 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.04 1.34 1.24 1.24 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 10.2 % 10.3 % 10.0 % 11.9 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 11.46 12.32 12.66 12.5 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 487.3 578.0 765.1 777.6 768.8 774.5 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 263.8 299.2 308.9 289.0 241.7 240.7 Gas/Diesel Oil 203.9 257.2 407.8 450.6 486.0 509.2 Final Consumption Biofuels 5.8 3.2 Biogasoline 5.8 3.2 Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 696.4 466.4 373.9 417.9 387.7 358.0 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 815.4 3 549.0 4 132.2 4 612.6 5 074.4 4 757.1 Final Electricity per Capita 3 146.2 3 578.9 4 444.9 5 181.2 5 248.4 5 211.2 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 674.1 449.5 358.6 411.8 381.4 352.4 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 32.3 % 32.2 % 26.1 % 13.6 % 8.9 % 7.4 % of Solid Fuels 8.4 % 9.1 % 0.8 % -0.6 % 0.2 % -0.3 % of Hard Coal 101.9 % 116.4 % 97.2 % 117.9 % 103.9 % 26.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 80.2 % 77.4 % 70.8 % 57.5 % 51.6 % 39.3 % of Crude and NGL of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 17.5 % 24.6 % 26.3 % 28.6 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 32.2 % 43.3 % 45.2 % 49.6 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 1.1 % 10.4 % 14.1 % 15.1 % RES-T – Transport 0.2 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.4 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 18.26 15.43 17.28 19.13 19.03 15.96 GHGs Emissions* 20.27 17.38 19.30 21.26 21.20 18.11 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 606.6 11 008.8 12 716.9 14 345.4 14 464.4 12 137.4 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 251.7 3 037.8 3 013.2 3 004.0 2 720.5 2 438.7 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 2 301.1 1 446.8 1 150.7 1 299.7 1 105.0 913.4 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

187


5.7 Ireland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 4.10 Solid Fuels 1.70 of which Hard Coal 0.00 Petroleum and Products 0.00 of which Crude and NGL Gases 2.25 of which Natural Gas 2.25 Nuclear Renewables 0.16 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.00 Net Imports 7.77 Solid Fuels 1.88 of which Hard Coal 1.87 Petroleum and Products 5.80 of which Crude and NGL 2.27 Gases 0.09 of which Natural Gas 0.09 Renewables 0.00 Electricity 0.00 Gross Inland Consumption 11.07 Solid Fuels 2.90 of which Hard Coal 1.76 Petroleum and Products 5.68 of which Crude and NGL 2.27 Gases 2.33 of which Natural Gas 2.33 Nuclear Renewables 0.16 Electricity 0.00 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.00 Primary Energy Consumption 10.49 Available for Final Consumption 8.30 Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.57 Final Energy Consumption 7.99 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 0.94 Petroleum and Products 4.89 Gases 0.80 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.09 Solar 0.00 Geothermal Electricity 1.28 Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.00 by Sector Industry 1.95 Transport 2.39 Residential 2.22 Services 1.09 Agriculture and Fishing 0.34 Other 0.00

2000 2.16 0.97

2005 1.65 0.82

2010 1.88 0.98

2014 2.12 0.97

2015 2.00 0.76

0.00

0.00

0.04

0.11

0.09

0.96 0.96

0.46 0.46

0.22 0.22

0.12 0.12

0.11 0.11

0.24 0.00 12.37 1.68 1.67 8.20 2.98 2.48 2.48 0.00 0.01 14.43 2.60 1.80 8.15 3.32 3.44 3.44

0.37 0.00 13.77 1.89 1.87 8.69 3.16 3.01 3.01 0.00 0.18 15.27 2.66 1.86 8.59 3.20 3.47 3.47

0.62 0.01 13.21 0.95 0.95 7.70 2.98 4.48 4.48 0.04 0.04 15.17 1.93 1.19 7.84 2.94 4.69 4.69

0.85 0.06 11.68 1.20 1.19 6.59 2.70 3.59 3.59 0.11 0.18 13.56 2.01 1.23 6.62 2.75 3.72 3.72

0.98 0.06 12.72 1.46 1.46 7.49 3.69 3.62 3.62 0.09 0.06 14.18 2.19 1.42 7.04 3.41 3.75 3.75

0.24 0.01 0.00 13.75 11.05 0.68 10.78

0.37 0.18 0.00 14.75 12.02 0.52 12.60

0.66 0.04 0.01 14.82 12.20 0.34 11.96

0.96 0.19 0.06 13.35 11.07 0.21 10.77

1.07 0.06 0.06 13.96 11.63 0.22 11.21

0.67 7.05 1.20 0.12 0.00

0.75 8.20 1.36 0.18 0.00

0.60 7.27 1.59 0.29 0.01

0.51 6.19 1.62 0.32 0.01

0.51 6.47 1.72 0.32 0.01

1.75

2.09

2.19

2.08

2.16

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.04

0.04

2.50 4.09 2.51 1.37 0.32 0.00

2.58 5.08 2.95 1.64 0.34 0.00

2.15 4.72 3.30 1.52 0.28 0.00

2.24 4.47 2.59 1.24 0.22 0.00

2.41 4.62 2.71 1.25 0.22 0.00


188


1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 4.06 4.71 6.18 8.02 Combustible Fuels 3.54 4.06 5.13 6.41 Nuclear Hydro 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.24 Wind 0.01 0.12 0.52 1.37 Solar PV 0.00 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 17.86 23.98 25.97 28.35 Solid Fuels 9.04 8.59 8.84 5.73 Petroleum and Products 2.68 4.64 3.34 0.60 Gases 5.16 9.26 11.57 18.11 Nuclear 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Renewables 0.98 1.49 2.22 3.91 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.11 0.29 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.60 1.92 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 2.3 % 6.7 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 4.40 11.96 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 385.9 4 082.4 5 075.4 4 617.8 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 104.4 1 590.0 1 823.3 1 527.2 Gas/Diesel Oil 851.3 1 832.9 2 369.8 2 303.6 Final Consumption Biofuels 1.2 93.3 Biogasoline 30.4 Biodiesel 1.2 62.9 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 141.4 115.7 93.5 90.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 075.9 3 818.9 3 712.6 3 333.6 Final Electricity per Capita 4 127.7 5 370.9 5 922.7 5 587.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 134.1 110.3 90.3 88.7 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 69.5 % 84.8 % 89.6 % 86.6 % of Solid Fuels 64.9 % 64.6 % 70.8 % 49.1 % of Hard Coal 105.9 % 93.2 % 100.8 % 79.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 100.1 % 98.8 % 100.0 % 97.2 % of Crude and NGL 100.2 % 89.8 % 98.8 % 101.6 % of Natural Gas 3.6 % 72.1 % 86.7 % 95.5 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 2.9 % 5.6 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 3.5 % 4.5 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 7.2 % 14.6 % RES-T – Transport 0.1 % 2.4 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 36.94 47.00 50.53 43.95 GHGs Emissions* 60.94 70.90 72.51 64.03 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 10 269.0 12 442.8 12 289.3 9 659.5 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 303.6 3 224.0 3 287.3 2 881.5 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 472.2 377.1 309.4 262.9

2014 9.08 6.34

2015 9.56 6.59

0.53 2.21 0.00

0.53 2.44 0.00

26.09 6.45 0.26 12.64 0.00 6.67 0.07

28.39 7.39 0.41 12.37 0.00 8.15 0.07

0.31 2.04 7.4 % 11.56

0.3 2.1 7.5 % 12.6

4 381.4 4 531.9 1 178.9 1 020.3 2 438.1 2 664.6 89.7 88.2 24.7 24.1 65.0 64.1 74.9 62.0 2 944.5 3 062.9 5 240.7 5 415.9 73.7

61.0

85.3 % 88.7 % 60.0 % 66.7 % 96.7 % 102.7 % 97.6 % 103.9 % 98.1 % 108.2 % 96.5 % 96.5 % 8.7 % 9.2 % 6.6 % 6.4 % 22.9 % 25.2 % 5.8 % 6.5 % 38.86 60.01

40.92 62.43

8 438.2 8 839.0 2 838.5 2 853.8 214.5 178.9


189


5.8 Greece Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 9.36 7.51

2000 10.01 8.22

2005 10.33 8.54

2010 9.46 7.32

2014 8.85 6.38

2015 8.51 5.68

0.46 0.46 0.06 0.04

0.28 0.28 0.04 0.04

0.10 0.10 0.02 0.02

0.13 0.12 0.01 0.01

0.11 0.07 0.01 0.01

0.10 0.06 0.01 0.01

1.29 0.04 18.29 0.92 0.92 17.30 14.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 23.87 8.39 0.96 14.02 15.05 0.06 0.04

1.40 0.06 22.15 0.77 0.77 19.70 19.60 1.69 1.69 0.00 0.00 28.29 9.04 0.73 16.09 19.70 1.71 1.71

1.64 0.03 23.50 0.36 0.39 20.48 17.99 2.33 2.33 0.00 0.33 31.41 8.94 0.34 18.12 18.90 2.35 2.35

1.97 0.03 21.72 0.40 0.40 17.44 19.54 3.23 3.23 0.16 0.49 28.72 7.86 0.40 14.97 19.64 3.24 3.24

2.33 0.02 17.36 0.19 0.19 13.83 21.04 2.47 2.47 0.12 0.76 24.37 6.69 0.17 11.98 20.96 2.48 2.48

2.64 0.09 18.81 0.16 0.16 15.02 22.26 2.67 2.67 0.13 0.83 24.45 5.61 0.17 12.48 21.94 2.68 2.68

1.29 0.07 0.04 23.37 16.40 0.49 15.81

1.40 0.00 0.06 27.57 19.08 0.72 18.68

1.64 0.33 0.03 30.65 21.39 0.76 20.96

2.13 0.49 0.03 27.61 19.66 1.11 19.00

2.45 0.76 0.02 23.67 16.23 0.71 15.52

2.78 0.83 0.09 23.75 17.15 0.70 16.50

1.04 10.84 0.01 0.90 0.08 0.00 2.93 0.00

0.89 12.74 0.26 0.95 0.10 0.00 3.71 0.03

0.46 14.41 0.59 0.96 0.10 0.01 4.38 0.05

0.30 12.11 0.78 0.99 0.18 0.02 4.57 0.05

0.23 8.81 0.84 1.14 0.19 0.01 4.26 0.05

0.22 9.39 0.97 1.23 0.20 0.01 4.37 0.05

4.01 6.52 3.33 0.94 1.01 0.00

4.45 7.30 4.50 1.31 1.12 0.00

4.16 8.19 5.51 1.95 1.15 0.00

3.47 8.16 4.62 1.95 0.80 0.00

3.09 6.41 3.79 1.71 0.28 0.24

3.13 6.58 4.40 1.87 0.27 0.25


190


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 8.94 10.90 13.31 15.31 18.90 18.94 Combustible Fuels 6.39 7.61 9.71 10.60 10.93 10.86 Nuclear 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydro 2.52 3.07 3.11 3.22 3.39 3.39 Wind 0.03 0.23 0.49 1.30 1.98 2.09 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.60 2.60 Geothermal 0.00 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 41.55 53.84 60.02 57.39 50.47 51.87 Solid Fuels 28.70 34.31 35.54 30.80 25.75 22.11 Petroleum and Products 8.86 8.89 9.21 6.09 5.54 5.66 Gases 0.08 5.92 8.17 9.83 6.78 9.09 Nuclear Renewables 3.82 4.56 7.00 10.55 12.31 14.90 Wastes, non-RES 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.13 0.10 0.11 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.24 0.59 0.55 0.6 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.02 2.48 1.89 2.0 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 1.7 % 4.3 % 3.7 % 3.9 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 9.70 12.71 10.07 10.9 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 6 504.1 7 277.8 8 156.9 8 004.0 6 235.2 6 387.1 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 921.3 3 463.9 4 169.6 3 867.4 2 643.1 2 573.7 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 037.0 2 247.1 2 482.7 2 729.9 2 155.0 2 253.7 Final Consumption Biofuels 123.9 134.5 141.5 Biogasoline Biodiesel 123.9 134.5 141.5 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 150.3 149.0 136.7 127.1 131.8 132.5 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 265.2 2 625.6 2 863.3 2 582.7 2 230.3 2 251.7 Final Electricity per Capita 3 235.3 4 004.5 4 640.3 4 777.3 4 530.1 4 677.4 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 147.2 145.2 133.4 122.2 128.0 128.7 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 66.7 % 69.5 % 68.6 % 69.1 % 66.2 % 71.7 % of Solid Fuels 11.0 % 8.5 % 4.1 % 5.1 % 2.9 % 2.8 % of Hard Coal 95.2 % 105.9 % 112.5 % 100.3 % 109.8 % 91.4 % of Petroleum Fuels 98.4 % 100.2 % 97.7 % 98.7 % 99.9 % 105.4 % of Crude and NGL 98.8 % 99.5 % 95.2 % 99.5 % 100.4 % 101.5 % of Natural Gas 0.0 % 99.1 % 99.1 % 99.9 % 99.3 % 99.9 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 7.0 % 9.8 % 15.3 % 15.4 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 12.8 % 17.9 % 26.9 % 25.9 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 8.2 % 12.3 % 21.9 % 22.1 % RES-T – Transport 0.1 % 1.9 % 1.3 % 1.4 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 89.58 105.51 116.53 99.93 81.49 77.83 GHGs Emissions* 111.79 128.87 138.88 120.92 102.21 98.61 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 502.6 9 791.4 10 622.3 8 986.8 7 457.6 7 168.2 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 267.4 3 310.9 3 401.7 3 179.6 3 106.1 2 967.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 564.2 555.6 507.1 442.1 440.8 421.9 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

191


5.9 Spain Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Production 31.43 31.49 30.09 34.53 35.10 33.60 Solid Fuels 10.15 7.97 6.27 3.30 1.63 1.25 of which Hard Coal 8.28 6.46 5.09 3.30 1.63 1.25 Petroleum and Products 0.80 0.24 0.21 0.36 0.46 0.40 of which Crude and NGL 0.80 0.23 0.17 0.12 0.30 0.23 Gases 0.45 0.23 0.19 0.08 0.02 0.05 of which Natural Gas 0.38 0.15 0.14 0.05 0.02 0.05 Nuclear 14.31 16.05 14.84 15.99 14.78 14.78 Renewables 5.51 6.82 8.40 14.64 18.00 16.87 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.21 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.20 0.25 Net Imports 75.42 99.34 123.83 106.34 90.66 94.43 Solid Fuels 8.61 12.84 14.42 6.98 8.85 10.36 of which Hard Coal 8.09 13.25 14.74 7.09 8.77 10.23 Petroleum and Products 58.91 70.65 79.28 68.70 57.76 60.70 of which Crude and NGL 55.34 57.70 59.94 52.69 58.81 64.87 Gases 7.52 15.47 30.25 30.95 24.50 23.78 of which Natural Gas 7.52 15.47 30.25 30.95 24.50 23.78 Renewables 0.42 -0.16 -0.40 Electricity 0.39 0.38 -0.12 -0.72 -0.29 -0.01 Gross Inland Consumption 102.08 123.64 144.22 130.25 116.68 121.42 Solid Fuels 18.99 20.94 20.57 8.16 11.49 13.24 of which Hard Coal 16.68 19.83 19.82 8.30 11.42 13.08 Petroleum and Products 54.89 63.97 70.46 60.44 49.07 52.00 of which Crude and NGL 55.82 57.33 59.91 53.04 58.79 65.17 Gases 7.79 15.31 29.89 31.16 23.67 24.54 of which Natural Gas 7.72 15.22 29.84 31.13 23.67 24.54 Nuclear 14.31 16.05 14.84 15.99 14.78 14.78 Renewables 5.51 6.82 8.40 15.05 17.77 16.62 Electricity 0.39 0.38 -0.12 -0.72 -0.29 -0.01 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.21 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.20 0.25 Primary Energy Consumption 94.20 114.25 135.87 123.22 112.57 117.11 Available for Final Consumption 72.46 88.79 105.95 95.95 81.44 83.18 Final Non-Energy Consumption 7.87 9.40 8.35 7.03 4.11 4.31 Final Energy Consumption 64.03 79.90 97.77 89.08 79.23 80.46 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 2.24 1.77 1.71 1.26 1.30 1.31 Petroleum and Products 39.51 46.31 53.46 46.79 38.80 40.47 Gases 6.84 12.14 17.98 14.65 14.52 13.45 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 3.23 3.43 3.72 5.14 4.83 4.99 Solar 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.18 0.26 0.28 Geothermal 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 Electricity 12.12 16.21 20.83 21.05 19.51 19.95 Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.08 by Sector Industry 20.54 25.38 30.98 21.45 20.01 18.92 Transport 26.44 33.23 39.94 37.19 31.99 33.60 Residential 10.01 12.00 15.13 16.92 14.71 14.88 Services 4.33 6.71 8.42 9.80 8.85 10.04 Agriculture and Fishing 2.20 2.57 3.11 2.24 2.77 2.49 Other 0.51 0.00 0.19 1.49 0.91 0.55


192


1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) 45.62 53.92 76.57 Combustible Fuels 21.94 26.24 40.80 Nuclear 7.07 7.50 7.58 Hydro 16.51 17.96 18.22 Wind 0.10 2.21 9.92 Solar PV 0.01 0.01 0.06 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 167.09 224.47 294.08 Solid Fuels 65.91 79.09 79.05 Petroleum and Products 14.62 22.58 24.42 Gases 4.92 21.94 80.73 Nuclear 55.46 62.21 57.54 Renewables 25.87 38.05 46.90 Wastes, non-RES 0.31 0.61 0.45 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 3.05 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 22.88 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 7.8 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 192.5 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 26 100.5 32 791.1 39 226.9 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 9 152.0 9 141.3 7 785.8 Gas/Diesel Oil 13 372.7 18 858.7 25 976.9 Final Consumption Biofuels 70.3 255.7 Biogasoline 113.3 Biodiesel 70.3 142.4 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 143.7 142.5 140.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2,575.1 3,055.1 3,331.1 Final Electricity per Capita 3,554.8 4,656.7 5,594.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 132.6 131.6 132.5 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 71.7 % 76.6 % 81.4 % of Solid Fuels 45.4 % 61.3 % 70.1 % of Hard Coal 48.5 % 66.8 % 74.4 % of Petroleum Fuels 101.5 % 101.0 % 101.2 % of Crude and NGL 99.1 % 100.6 % 100.1 % of Natural Gas 97.4 % 101.6 % 101.4 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 8.4 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 9.4 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 19.1 % RES-T – Transport 1.3 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 274.51 322.03 382.44 GHGs Emissions* 335.17 395.76 451.58 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6,925.1 7,957.1 8,833.1 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2,608.6 2,484.6 2,514.9 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 386.4 371.0 373.0

2010 2014 2015 101.79 106.47 106.90 50.46 49.79 49.35 7.45 7.40 7.40 18.54 19.22 20.05 20.69 22.98 22.94 3.92 4.79 4.86

301.53 278.75 281.02 25.33 43.81 51.37 16.56 14.12 17.24 95.84 48.76 53.81 61.99 57.31 57.31 100.98 114.07 100.32 0.66 0.69 0.77 3.38 22.42 7.4 % 153.3

3.91 23.29 8.4 % 138.2

3.5 22.7 8.1 % 120.3

35 409.4 30 595.6 31 802.5 5 695.6 4 596.4 4 623.2 24 171.5 20 577.0 21 383.4 1 411.7 950.8 958.2 230.4 186.3 188.8 1 181.3 764.5 769.4 120.5 112.7 113.7 2,801.9 2,508.6 2,614.0 5,266.1 4,878.2 4,995.5 114.0 76.7 % 85.5 % 85.4 % 99.9 % 99.3 % 99.4 %

108.8

109.6

72.9 % 73.3 % 77.1 % 78.3 % 76.8 % 78.2 % 101.7 % 102.1 % 100.0 % 99.5 % 103.5 % 96.9 %

13.8 % 16.1 % 16.2 % 12.6 % 15.7 % 16.8 % 29.8 % 37.8 % 36.9 % 5.0 % 0.8 % 1.7 % 297.07 268.58 286.35 369.56 338.28 350.40 6,390.3 5,774.5 6,164.7 2,143.3 2,158.6 2,222.5 274.8 259.5 268.0


193


5.10 France Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 127.36 Solid Fuels 6.02 of which Hard Coal 5.44 Petroleum and Products 3.48 of which Crude and NGL 2.98 Gases 2.79 of which Natural Gas 2.79 Nuclear 97.31 Renewables 17.04 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.72 Net Imports 117.06 Solid Fuels 9.14 of which Hard Coal 8.66 Petroleum and Products 86.44 of which Crude and NGL 78.65 Gases 27.49 of which Natural Gas 27.49 Renewables 0.00 Electricity -6.01 Gross Inland Consumption 241.78 Solid Fuels 16.08 of which Hard Coal 14.94 Petroleum and Products 87.06 of which Crude and NGL 82.08 Gases 29.58 of which Natural Gas 29.58 Nuclear 97.31 Renewables 17.04 Electricity -6.01 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.72 Primary Energy Consumption 225.92 Available for Final Consumption 156.87 Final Non-Energy Consumption 15.86 Final Energy Consumption 143.48 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 6.49 Petroleum and Products 69.82 Gases 27.25 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 9.67 Solar 0.03 Geothermal 0.13 Electricity 29.48 Derived heat 0.55 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.08 by Sector Industry 36.20 Transport 45.70 Residential 35.79 Services 20.72 Agriculture and Fishing 4.07 Other 1.01

2000 130.14 2.48 2.36 2.39 1.69 1.51 1.51 107.09 15.74 0.93 134.08 13.01 12.44 91.27 86.84 35.78 35.78 0.01 -5.97 257.54 15.05 14.24 88.94 88.19 35.77 35.77 107.09 15.74 -5.97 0.93 241.36 166.22 16.18 155.31

2005 136.20 0.38 0.38 1.64 1.24 0.91 0.91 116.47 15.73 1.06 143.96 13.51 12.81 94.97 85.22 40.72 40.72 -0.05 -5.19 276.38 14.30 13.80 93.04 86.80 41.03 41.03 116.47 15.68 -5.19 1.06 260.27 177.09 16.12 160.77

2010 134.90 0.16 0.16 1.70 0.94 0.65 0.65 110.54 20.65 1.20 131.95 12.19 11.32 82.69 64.95 39.55 39.55 0.16 -2.64 266.89 12.08 11.25 82.37 66.13 42.54 42.54 110.54 20.80 -2.64 1.20 252.94 170.66 13.95 155.30

2014 136.94 0.19 0.19 1.89 0.78 0.02 0.02 112.59 21.01 1.24 115.33 9.21 8.71 77.74 54.90 33.79 33.79 0.38 -5.78 248.45 9.34 8.93 77.11 56.02 32.60 32.60 112.59 21.35 -5.78 1.24 234.59 157.05 13.86 140.35

2015 137.56 0.00 0.00 1.94 0.85 0.03 0.03 112.84 21.42 1.35 116.84 8.69 8.29 78.65 58.18 34.59 34.59 0.43 -5.51 252.62 8.83 8.56 78.26 58.91 35.05 35.05 112.84 21.81 -5.51 1.35 239.27 160.34 13.35 144.12

5.78 73.18 30.91 8.82 0.02 0.13 33.10 3.24 0.15

5.22 71.45 34.34 9.14 0.03 0.02 36.35 4.16 0.06

4.55 64.60 32.77 11.49 0.06 0.02 38.19 3.53 0.10

3.27 60.36 27.78 10.86 0.10 0.03 35.67 2.16 0.13

4.11 61.13 28.32 11.41 0.10 0.03 36.54 2.35 0.13

37.35 50.41 40.79 18.36 4.28 4.14

33.48 50.26 43.07 20.76 4.68 8.51

28.46 49.47 43.10 23.18 4.52 6.58

27.33 49.34 36.24 22.16 4.49 0.78

28.64 50.08 37.66 22.54 4.43 0.78


194


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 107.62 114.67 115.76 124.55 128.94 129.31 Combustible Fuels 23.87 26.07 26.45 28.82 24.41 22.55 Nuclear 58.52 63.18 63.26 63.13 63.13 63.13 Hydro 24.99 25.13 25.11 25.40 25.29 25.28 Wind 0.00 0.04 0.69 5.91 9.07 10.22 Solar PV 0.00 0.01 0.01 1.04 5.65 6.76 Geothermal 0.00 0.00 Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 Other Sources 1.14 1.13 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 494.27 539.95 576.06 569.10 563.69 568.45 Solid Fuels 24.18 27.00 27.52 23.36 9.52 9.65 Petroleum and Products 7.75 7.17 7.93 5.52 2.10 2.16 Gases 6.22 15.37 26.26 26.71 15.30 22.32 Nuclear 377.23 415.16 451.53 428.52 436.47 437.43 Renewables 78.53 74.17 61.18 83.01 97.60 94.32 Wastes, non-RES 0.37 1.08 1.66 1.97 2.15 2.25 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 6.60 4.61 6.17 5.6 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 23.21 15.69 11.62 13.9 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 4.0 % 2.8 % 2.1 % 2.5 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 209.20 173.95 132.04 154.9 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 44 879.4 49 275.8 48 778.9 46 118.7 45 441.8 46 103.9 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 16 711.5 14 654.6 11 427.7 7 870.5 6 790.6 6 869.9 Gas/Diesel Oil 23 351.7 28 171.7 30 814.3 31 752.8 32 084.8 32 383.0 Final Consumption Biofuels 154.4 324.5 581.6 2 400.5 2 906.2 2 949.1 Biogasoline 24.3 58.2 99.9 395.6 406.5 421.2 Biodiesel 130.1 266.3 481.7 2 004.9 2 499.7 2 527.9 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 157.5 145.4 143.7 133.5 119.7 120.5 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 076.1 4 253.7 4 402.9 4 127.6 3 767.8 3 799.4 Final Electricity per Capita 5 780.1 6 357.3 6 734.9 6 868.2 6 290.5 6 390.9 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 147.2 136.2 135.3 126.6 113.1 114.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 48.0 % 51.5 % 51.6 % 49.0 % 46.1 % 46.0 % of Solid Fuels 56.8 % 86.4 % 94.5 % 101.0 % 98.6 % 98.4 % of Hard Coal 58.0 % 87.3 % 92.9 % 100.6 % 97.5 % 96.8 % of Petroleum Fuels 96.9 % 99.5 % 99.3 % 97.7 % 98.5 % 98.5 % of Crude and NGL 95.8 % 98.5 % 98.2 % 98.2 % 98.0 % 98.8 % of Natural Gas 93.0 % 100.0 % 99.3 % 93.0 % 103.6 % 98.7 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.5 % 12.5 % 14.7 % 15.2 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 12.2 % 15.8 % 18.8 % 19.8 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 13.7 % 14.8 % 18.3 % 18.8 % RES-T – Transport 2.1 % 6.5 % 8.4 % 8.5 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 408.37 428.96 439.89 404.02 348.05 353.90 GHGs Emissions* 554.63 566.36 569.14 527.68 470.04 474.61 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6 884.8 7 085.0 7 007.7 6 248.5 5 278.1 5 322.7 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 674.4 1 647.7 1 577.0 1 500.9 1 390.7 1 392.0 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 266.0 242.1 228.7 202.2 167.7 168.7 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

195


5.11 Croatia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 5.00 0.05 0.05 1.80 1.80 1.61 1.61

2000 4.26

2005 4.75

2010 5.16

2014 4.43

2015 4.47

1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36

1.03 1.03 1.87 1.87

0.77 0.76 2.22 2.22

0.68 0.61 1.44 1.44

0.76 0.69 1.47 1.47

1.54 0.00 2.85 0.15 0.07 2.21 3.98 0.22 0.22

1.56 0.00 4.08 0.48 0.44 2.41 3.91 0.91 0.91

1.86 0.00 5.15 0.62 0.57 3.58 4.02 0.56 0.56

0.27 7.86 0.18 0.09 3.94 5.76 1.93 1.93

0.29 8.42 0.43 0.39 3.93 5.43 2.21 2.21

0.38 9.78 0.68 0.63 4.49 5.10 2.37 2.37

2.17 0.01 4.39 0.70 0.66 2.98 3.56 0.48 0.48 -0.10 0.34 9.43 0.68 0.64 3.70 4.33 2.63 2.63

2.29 0.01 3.59 0.60 0.56 2.35 1.87 0.58 0.58 -0.27 0.34 8.20 0.65 0.61 3.17 2.48 2.02 2.02

2.23 0.01 4.12 0.62 0.59 2.62 2.34 0.56 0.56 -0.27 0.58 8.53 0.61 0.57 3.28 2.94 2.08 2.08

1.54 0.27 0.00 7.05 6.10 0.81 5.28

1.56 0.29 0.00 7.77 6.66 0.66 6.00

1.86 0.38 0.00 9.11 7.91 0.68 7.24

2.07 0.34 0.01 8.83 7.81 0.60 7.21

2.01 0.34 0.01 7.66 6.78 0.54 6.24

1.96 0.58 0.01 8.00 7.12 0.53 6.59

0.11 2.11 0.91 1.05

0.07 2.68 1.01 1.00 0.00

0.15 3.11 1.24 1.24 0.00

0.85 0.25 0.00

1.02 0.21 0.00

1.24 0.26 0.00

0.15 2.90 1.29 1.24 0.01 0.01 1.36 0.25 0.01

0.10 2.62 0.94 1.09 0.01 0.01 1.28 0.19 0.01

0.08 2.75 0.98 1.22 0.01 0.01 1.32 0.21 0.01

1.25 1.20 2.19 0.44 0.20

1.38 1.55 2.30 0.49 0.29

1.56 1.92 2.82 0.69 0.24

1.37 2.07 2.76 0.78 0.25

1.10 2.02 2.22 0.68 0.24

1.09 2.11 2.42 0.74 0.23


196


1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.07 2.08 Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro 2.07 2.08 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 9.28 11.28 Solid Fuels 0.24 1.55 Petroleum and Products 2.46 1.69 Gases 0.88 1.57 Nuclear Renewables 5.69 6.47 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.00 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 186.2 1 525.8 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 594.3 814.7 Gas/Diesel Oil 477.4 623.3 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 263.2 238.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1 686.5 1 872.5 Final Electricity per Capita 2 129.5 2 630.9 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 236.0 220.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 36.1 % 48.4 % of Solid Fuels 85.7 % 110.9 % of Hard Coal 73.9 % 112.9 % of Petroleum Fuels 55.6 % 61.0 % of Crude and NGL 69.2 % 72.1 % of Natural Gas 11.6 % 41.0 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 17.24 19.99 GHGs Emissions* 22.56 25.46 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 3 700.0 4 444.5 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 185.1 2 368.5 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 577.5 566.5

2005 3.87 1.80

2010 4.12 1.90

2014 4.43 1.86

2015 4.80 2.12

2.06 0.01

2.14 0.08

2.19 0.34 0.03

2.21 0.42 0.05

13.16 2.33 1.86 1.81

14.90 2.39 0.56 2.55

13.55 2.37 0.13 1.00

11.40 2.31 0.22 1.20

7.17 0.00

9.40 0.00

10.06 0.00

7.68 0.00

0.69 2.02 14.3 % 14.92

0.68 0.86 6.3 % 11.32

0.6 0.8 7.1 % 10.0

1 900.9 2 042.0 1 962.3 2 058.6 739.1 678.4 554.9 553.8 1 038.5 1 186.4 1 207.8 1 302.7 2.6 29.8 24.3 0.0 0.0 2.6 29.8 24.3 222.5 209.5 189.6 194.1 2 269.2 2 190.9 1 929.7 2 017.6 3 344.3 3 686.4 3 492.7 3 631.2 207.2

196.2

52.5 % 46.6 % 91.4 % 102.3 % 90.5 % 102.7 % 79.4 % 80.4 % 78.9 % 82.2 % 23.7 % 18.1 %

177.1

182.0

43.8 % 48.3 % 92.4 % 103.1 % 92.3 % 102.5 % 74.0 % 79.7 % 75.6 % 79.6 % 28.6 % 27.1 %

23.8 % 25.1 % 27.9 % 29.0 % 30.0 % 32.8 % 36.2 % 38.6 % 35.6 % 37.6 % 45.3 % 45.4 % 1.0 % 1.1 % 4.1 % 3.5 % 23.71 29.57

21.50 27.63

18.15 23.42

18.27 23.86

5 500.0 4 996.5 4 272.7 4 324.6 2 417.9 2 278.9 2 214.2 2 143.4 539.3 477.7 419.9 416.0


197


5.12 Italy Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 29.83 Solid Fuels 0.04 of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products 5.57 of which Crude and NGL 5.26 Gases 16.56 of which Natural Gas 16.35 Nuclear Renewables 7.49 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.16 Net Imports 134.50 Solid Fuels 13.00 of which Hard Coal 12.58 Petroleum and Products 89.52 of which Crude and NGL 73.67 Gases 28.53 of which Natural Gas 28.53 Renewables 0.23 Electricity 3.22 Gross Inland Consumption 161.77 Solid Fuels 12.28 of which Hard Coal 11.91 Petroleum and Products 93.52 of which Crude and NGL 79.35 Gases 44.87 of which Natural Gas 44.65 Nuclear Renewables 7.72 Electricity 3.22 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.16 Primary Energy Consumption 152.03 Available for Final Consumption 124.85 Final Non-Energy Consumption 9.73 Final Energy Consumption 114.58 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 3.93 Petroleum and Products 54.06 Gases 34.65 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 1.14 Solar 0.01 Geothermal 0.21 Electricity 20.49 Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.08 by Sector Industry 36.02 Transport 38.57 Residential 26.32 Services 9.82 Agriculture and Fishing 3.25 Other 0.59

2000 28.49 0.00 5.01 4.56 13.63 13.62

2010 33.07 0.06 0.06 5.68 5.14 6.89 6.89

2014 36.81 0.06 0.06 6.10 5.88 5.86 5.86

2015 36.13 0.05 0.05 5.82 5.51 5.55 5.55

9.60 13.33 19.40 23.64 23.56 0.26 0.67 1.04 1.16 1.15 152.07 160.37 149.46 116.12 121.83 13.13 16.37 13.79 12.90 12.32 12.87 15.94 13.98 12.30 12.07 87.60 79.15 67.78 51.14 52.83 83.27 89.10 79.21 54.54 62.15 47.01 59.84 61.60 45.47 50.00 47.01 59.84 61.60 45.47 50.00 0.52 0.78 2.50 2.85 2.69 3.81 4.23 3.80 3.76 3.99 174.22 190.08 177.93 151.03 156.17 12.55 16.46 13.66 13.07 12.30 12.18 15.98 13.78 12.42 12.00 89.54 83.96 69.51 55.83 57.16 87.52 94.76 83.87 60.14 67.43 57.95 70.65 68.06 50.71 55.30 57.94 70.65 68.06 50.71 55.30 10.11 14.11 21.86 26.51 26.27 3.81 4.23 3.80 3.76 3.99 0.26 0.67 1.04 1.16 1.15 165.79 181.47 168.37 143.84 149.56 133.74 145.23 137.17 118.59 121.99 8.43 8.61 9.56 7.19 6.61 124.72 137.15 128.46 113.35 116.44 3.59 57.84 38.02 1.52 0.01 0.21 23.47 0.06

3.98 59.01 40.61 4.30 0.03 0.21 25.87 3.08 0.06

2.86 48.73 38.50 8.81 0.13 0.13 25.74 3.33 0.22

2.27 44.33 31.08 7.16 0.18 0.11 24.20 3.75 0.27

1.72 44.34 33.18 8.06 0.19 0.11 24.72 3.85 0.27

39.74 42.52 27.59 11.54 3.16 0.17

39.86 44.84 33.92 15.05 3.32 0.16

31.25 41.73 35.39 16.98 2.94 0.16

26.16 40.09 29.55 14.67 2.78 0.11

26.02 39.54 32.49 15.39 2.85 0.14


198

2005 30.33 0.06 0.06 6.38 6.15 9.89 9.89


1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 65.92 75.51 Combustible Fuels 45.48 54.03 Nuclear Hydro 19.84 20.35 Wind 0.02 0.36 Solar PV 0.02 0.02 Geothermal 0.47 0.59 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.09 0.16 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 241.49 276.64 Solid Fuels 24.12 26.27 Petroleum and Products 120.80 85.88 Gases 50.44 105.61 Nuclear Renewables 45.58 57.58 Wastes, non-RES 0.17 0.51 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 37 664.7 41 460.6 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 18 278.7 17 555.7 Gas/Diesel Oil 15 237.8 18 415.4 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 114.8 112.0 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 845.8 3 060.6 Final Electricity per Capita 4 191.7 4 795.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 107.9 106.6 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 81.9 % 86.5 % of Solid Fuels 105.9 % 104.6 % of Hard Coal 105.6 % 105.7 % of Petroleum Fuels 93.3 % 96.1 % of Crude and NGL 92.8 % 95.1 % of Natural Gas 63.9 % 81.1 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 453.19 474.19 GHGs Emissions* 536.82 560.89 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 972.4 8 330.3 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 760.2 2 696.3 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 321.6 304.8

2005 2010 2014 2015 85.50 106.61 121.75 116.96 61.93 74.66 71.27 65.62 20.99 1.64 0.03 0.67

21.52 5.79 3.59 0.73

22.10 8.68 18.59 0.77

22.22 9.14 18.89 0.77

0.23 0.32 0.33 0.32 303.70 302.06 279.83 282.99 43.61 39.73 43.45 43.20 47.12 21.71 14.16 13.38 155.08 157.44 96.71 113.05 55.30 1.48

80.26 122.39 110.34 2.15 2.45 2.43

5.89 7.35 8.57 9.0 27.39 34.71 36.65 39.5 9.0 % 11.5 % 13.1 % 14.0 % 193.07 202.51 202.45 213.2 43 426.7 38 701.8 37 048.4 36 353.3 14 174.8 10 275.9 8 494.6 23 792.8 22 703.1 22 773.3 176.7 1 419.4 1 065.2 122.1 10.0 176.7 1 297.3 1 055.2

8 191.9 22 089.6 1 166.6 24.8 1 141.8

116.6 110.9 97.9 100.4 3 284.4 3 006.0 2 484.7 2 568.8 5 198.8 5 056.8 4 631.2 4 728.7 104.9

93.2

96.2

83.4 % 82.6 % 99.4 % 101.0 % 99.7 % 101.5 % 91.8 % 93.5 % 94.0 % 94.5 % 84.7 % 90.5 %

111.3

75.9 % 98.7 % 99.0 % 88.6 % 90.7 % 89.7 %

77.1 % 100.2 % 100.5 % 89.5 % 92.2 % 90.4 %

7.5 % 13.0 % 17.1 % 17.5 % 8.2 % 15.6 % 18.9 % 19.2 % 16.3 % 20.1 % 33.4 % 33.5 % 1.0 % 4.8 % 5.0 % 6.4 % 500.36 434.32 356.19 366.87 588.31 514.14 432.52 442.78 8 645.6 7 337.7 5 860.1 6 034.5 2 601.7 2 400.9 2 329.0 2 321.0 307.0 270.7 230.9 235.9


199


5.13 Cyprus Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 0.04

2000 0.04

2010 0.09

2014 0.12

2015 0.13

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.05 0.00 2.84 0.04 0.04 2.79

0.08 0.01 2.94 0.01 0.01 2.91

0.11 0.01 2.29 0.00 0.00 2.27

0.12 0.00 2.45 0.00 0.00 2.42

0.04

0.04

2.04 0.01 0.01 2.03 0.80

2.57 0.03 0.03 2.53 1.16

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.03

1.97 0.01 0.01 1.91 0.83

2.41 0.03 0.03 2.33 1.18

2.54 0.04 0.04 2.45

2.74 0.02 0.02 2.61

2.23 0.00 0.00 2.09

2.27 0.00 0.00 2.11

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.11

0.13

0.15

0.00 1.90 1.48 0.06 1.43

0.00 2.33 1.75 0.09 1.65

0.00 2.47 1.80 0.07 1.83

0.01 2.66 1.97 0.09 1.93

0.01 2.21 1.65 0.02 1.62

0.01 2.25 1.67 0.02 1.66

0.01 1.18

0.03 1.32

0.04 1.40

0.02 1.38

0.00 1.16

0.00 1.18

0.01 0.03 0.00 0.19

0.01 0.04 0.00 0.26

0.01 0.04 0.00 0.34

0.04 0.06 0.00 0.42

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.03 0.07 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.01

0.04 0.07 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.01

0.39 0.76 0.14 0.07 0.01 0.05

0.44 0.86 0.18 0.11 0.01 0.05

0.32 0.98 0.32 0.16 0.04 0.02

0.24 1.05 0.33 0.25 0.04 0.02

0.22 0.84 0.29 0.20 0.04 0.02

0.20 0.87 0.32 0.21 0.04 0.02


200

2005 0.05


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 0.69 0.99 1.13 1.56 1.72 1.76 Combustible Fuels 0.69 0.99 1.12 1.47 1.51 1.52 Nuclear Hydro Wind 0.08 0.15 0.16 Solar PV 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.08 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.50 3.37 4.38 5.32 4.35 4.53 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 2.50 3.37 4.38 5.25 4.03 4.14 Gases Nuclear Renewables 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.32 0.40 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.0 0.06 0.07 0.0 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 0.3 % 1.0 % 1.5 % 0.1 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 760.2 859.7 982.5 1 034.8 833.1 857.6 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 193.6 218.0 320.6 412.7 360.8 365.0 Gas/Diesel Oil 292.7 359.5 355.4 337.8 229.0 247.2 Final Consumption Biofuels 15.0 9.7 9.7 Biogasoline Biodiesel 15.0 9.7 9.7 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 166.4 168.6 149.0 142.0 128.4 128.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 044.6 3 494.6 3 463.5 3 345.0 2 597.9 2 682.4 Final Electricity per Capita 3 444.4 4 338.9 5 402.0 5 959.9 4 621.2 4 829.9 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 161.1 162.6 144.7 137.6 127.0 127.3 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 100.5 % 98.6 % 100.7 % 100.8 % 93.2 % 97.7 % of Solid Fuels 100.0 % 100.0 % 119.4 % 64.7 % 150.0 % 100.0 % of Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.0 % 119.4 % 64.7 % 150.0 % 100.0 % of Petroleum Fuels 102.6 % 100.3 % 102.3 % 104.2 % 97.9 % 102.9 % of Crude and NGL 96.3 % 98.5 % of Natural Gas Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 3.1 % 6.0 % 8.9 % 9.4 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 10.0 % 18.2 % 21.6 % 22.5 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 0.0 % 1.4 % 7.4 % 8.4 % RES-T – Transport 0.0 % 2.0 % 2.7 % 2.5 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 6.66 7.93 8.81 8.84 7.65 7.61 GHGs Emissions* 7.86 9.17 10.16 10.42 9.21 9.19 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 10 312.6 11 482.3 12 014.7 10 792.7 8 921.6 8 986.3 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 275.5 3 047.1 3 118.8 3 025.6 3 115.5 3 032.4 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 563.6 553.9 516.8 458.1 440.8 431.1 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

201


5.14 Latvia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 1.43 0.08

2000 1.47 0.02

2005 1.87 0.00

2010 1.98 0.00

2014 2.38 0.00

2015 2.35 0.00

0.00

0.06

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.01

1.35

1.39

3.36 0.17 0.16 2.09

2.36 0.06 0.05 1.24

1.85 0.00 3.10 0.08 0.07 1.78

1.96 0.01 2.22 0.11 0.11 1.67

2.37 0.01 1.90 0.05 0.05 1.54

2.33 0.01 2.37 0.04 0.04 1.79

1.00 1.00 -0.09 0.19 4.62 0.27 0.17 1.89

1.11 1.11 -0.20 0.15 3.86 0.13 0.07 1.30

1.43 1.43 -0.38 0.18 4.59 0.08 0.08 1.49

0.90 0.90 -0.56 0.08 4.63 0.11 0.11 1.52

0.78 0.78 -0.72 0.20 4.45 0.06 0.06 1.43

1.08 1.08 -0.74 0.16 4.38 0.05 0.05 1.49

1.01 1.01

1.09 1.09

1.36 1.36

1.46 1.46

1.08 1.08

1.10 1.10

1.26 0.19

1.19 0.15

4.58 3.94 0.04 3.85

3.79 3.28 0.08 3.25

1.48 0.19 0.00 4.50 4.11 0.10 4.02

1.44 0.08 0.03 4.56 4.17 0.07 4.12

1.61 0.20 0.07 4.36 3.99 0.09 3.89

1.54 0.16 0.06 4.27 3.89 0.11 3.79

0.13 1.16 0.37 0.88

0.06 1.06 0.33 0.82

0.07 1.32 0.51 1.01

0.09 1.45 0.50 0.95

0.05 1.32 0.33 1.05

0.04 1.37 0.32 0.94

0.38 0.93 0.00

0.39 0.60 0.00

0.49 0.60 0.00

0.53 0.58 0.03

0.57 0.51 0.07

0.56 0.50 0.06

0.70 0.72 1.60 0.66 0.17 0.00

0.58 0.75 1.33 0.47 0.13 0.00

0.70 1.07 1.50 0.59 0.15 0.00

0.77 1.20 1.39 0.60 0.16 0.00

0.79 1.09 1.24 0.61 0.15 0.00

0.79 1.15 1.11 0.59 0.16 0.00


202


1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.07 2.09 2.17 2.56 Combustible Fuels 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.95 Nuclear Hydro 1.51 1.51 1.54 1.58 Wind 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 3.98 4.14 4.91 6.63 Solid Fuels 0.10 0.08 0.00 0.00 Petroleum and Products 0.42 0.11 0.01 0.00 Gases 0.53 1.13 1.49 2.99 Nuclear Renewables 2.94 2.82 3.41 3.64 Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.59 0.87 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.51 2.98 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 30.7 % 45.0 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 11.91 10.45 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 699.3 734.3 1 049.7 1 163.3 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 429.8 346.8 351.8 294.1 Gas/Diesel Oil 241.5 340.0 613.0 727.7 Final Consumption Biofuels 2.7 27.0 Biogasoline 0.0 8.3 Biodiesel 2.7 18.7 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 484.0 314.8 252.3 260.2 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1 848.8 1 622.4 2 041.1 2 183.0 Final Electricity per Capita 1 785.6 1 879.7 2 546.5 2 930.9 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 479.7 308.7 247.0 256.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 70.4 % 61.0 % 63.9 % 45.5 % of Solid Fuels 61.6 % 46.2 % 93.9 % 102.8 % of Hard Coal 93.6 % 81.8 % 97.3 % 106.7 % of Petroleum Fuels 102.6 % 94.8 % 102.2 % 94.4 % of Crude and NGL of Natural Gas 98.9 % 101.9 % 105.6 % 61.8 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 32.3 % 30.4 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 42.7 % 40.7 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 43.0 % 42.1 % RES-T – Transport 2.4 % 4.0 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 9.26 7.18 7.99 8.90 GHGs Emissions* 12.81 10.44 11.49 12.58 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 3 702.0 3 014.8 3 552.1 4 197.9 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 940.3 1 854.4 1 647.7 1 824.9 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 969.3 585.0 439.1 500.4

2014 2.92 1.27

2015 2.93 1.28

1.59 0.07

1.59 0.07

5.14 0.00 0.00 2.34

5.53 0.00 0.00 2.76

2.80

2.78

1.09 1.1 2.44 2.5 47.5 % 44.7 % 11.78 12.4 1 059.3 1 113.1 205.8 680.0 24.2 6.4 17.8

204.8 736.8 24.6 7.7 16.9

215.8 206.7 2 224.4 2 205.3 3 288.6 3 253.1 211.3

201.4

40.6 % 51.2 % 76.7 % 87.0 % 78.0 % 87.0 % 92.4 % 102.9 % 72.1 % 98.6 % 38.7 % 37.6 % 52.2 % 51.8 % 51.1 % 52.2 % 4.1 % 3.9 % 7.50 11.55

7.58 11.65

3 749.3 3 817.9 1 602.7 1 636.7 363.8 357.9


203


5.15 Lithuania Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.8 0.02

2000 3.3 0.01

2005 4.0 0.02

2010 1.3 0.01

2014 1.5 0.03

2015 1.6 0.02

0.15 0.13

0.37 0.32

0.33 0.22

0.14 0.12

0.10 0.08

0.10 0.08

3.11 0.50

2.22 0.68

2.71 0.90

1.19

5.54 0.16 0.15 3.58 3.10 2.03 2.03 0.00 -0.23 8.64 0.25 0.22 2.99 3.11 2.03 2.03 3.11 0.49 -0.23 0.00 8.10 5.13 0.54 4.60

4.25 0.08 0.07 2.22 4.55 2.07 2.07 -0.01 -0.12 7.06 0.09 0.07 2.13 4.82 2.06 2.06 2.22 0.68 -0.12 0.00 6.40 4.28 0.66 3.77

5.03 0.18 0.16 2.62 8.90 2.49 2.49 -0.01 -0.26 8.71 0.19 0.15 2.71 9.34 2.48 2.48 2.71 0.88 -0.26 0.00 7.98 5.39 0.73 4.67

5.67 0.20 0.16 2.61 9.05 2.49 2.49 -0.14 0.52 6.79 0.21 0.17 2.50 9.14 2.49 2.49

1.36 0.02 5.23 0.21 0.18 2.28 7.51 2.15 2.15 -0.07 0.66 6.70 0.24 0.19 2.44 7.60 2.07 2.07

1.47 0.02 5.48 0.16 0.14 2.69 8.68 2.06 2.06 -0.06 0.62 6.91 0.19 0.15 2.60 8.73 2.07 2.07

1.07 0.52 0.00 6.13 5.48 0.66 4.81

1.28 0.66 0.02 5.69 5.90 1.01 4.89

1.42 0.62 0.02 5.80 5.99 1.12 4.87

0.23 1.67 0.51 0.45

0.08 1.36 0.36 0.61

0.18 1.62 0.59 0.70

0.21 1.61 0.62 0.74

0.23 1.80 0.53 0.71

0.18 1.87 0.52 0.70

0.55 1.19

0.53 0.83

0.69 0.91

0.72 0.92

0.79 0.84

0.80 0.80

1.02 1.04 1.64 0.69 0.20 0.00

0.78 1.06 1.37 0.46 0.10 0.00

1.06 1.43 1.51 0.56 0.11 0.00

0.95 1.55 1.60 0.60 0.11 0.01

1.03 1.74 1.41 0.59 0.11 0.01

0.98 1.83 1.37 0.58 0.10 0.01


204


1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) 5.87 5.72 4.56 Combustible Fuels 2.46 2.46 2.47 Nuclear 2.73 2.37 1.18 Hydro 0.67 0.86 0.88 Wind 0.00 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.01 0.03 0.03 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 13.90 11.43 14.78 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 1.07 0.66 0.40 Gases 0.23 1.62 3.02 Nuclear 11.82 8.42 10.34 Renewables 0.75 0.64 0.83 Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.04 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.30 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 15.5 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 19.90 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 030.8 1 050.1 1 405.3 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 618.3 390.5 350.6 Gas/Diesel Oil 346.1 512.9 778.6 Final Consumption Biofuels 3.3 Biogasoline 0.6 Biodiesel 2.7 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 592.4 385.5 329.5 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 371.4 2 011.1 2 596.3 Final Electricity per Capita 1 744.4 1 764.5 2 377.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 555.1 349.4 301.8 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 63.1 % 59.4 % 56.8 % of Solid Fuels 64.4 % 87.0 % 94.6 % of Hard Coal 69.1 % 100.0 % 102.6 % of Petroleum Fuels 114.5 % 100.4 % 91.9 % of Crude and NGL 99.5 % 94.5 % 95.3 % of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.7 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 16.8 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 29.3 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 3.8 % RES-T – Transport 0.6 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 15.14 11.88 14.23 GHGs Emissions* 22.44 19.67 23.21 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 4 156.3 3 381.6 4 240.6 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 725.1 1 660.1 1 607.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 038.2 648.2 538.2

2010 3.57 2.54

2014 4.04 2.78

2015 3.59 2.18

0.88 0.13 0.00

0.88 0.29 0.07

0.88 0.44 0.07

0.03 5.75

0.03 4.40

0.65 3.19

0.16 1.75

0.03 4.93 0.00 0.28 1.98

1.67

2.20 0.04

2.35 0.06

1.10 1.12 1.0 1.99 1.46 1.5 34.6 % 33.2 % 31.3 % 19.34 13.14 12.4 1 469.4 1 641.7 1 728.2 296.3 205.4 199.9 950.5 1 215.9 1 313.4 44.8 63.2 68.0 10.3 5.8 9.7 34.5 57.4 58.3 242.2 202.5 205.4 2 160.1 2 274.5 2 366.4 2 651.8 3 138.1 3 197.9 172.0

172.3

81.8 % 78.0 % 92.0 % 89.4 % 95.3 % 97.3 % 98.7 % 93.0 % 99.0 % 98.8 % 99.7 % 104.1 %

218.5

78.4 % 87.2 % 90.1 % 100.7 % 99.5 % 99.7 %

19.6 % 23.6 % 25.8 % 32.5 % 40.6 % 46.1 % 7.4 % 13.7 % 15.5 % 3.8 % 4.3 % 4.6 % 13.86 20.93

13.11 20.11

13.39 20.34

4 410.6 4 453.4 4 582.6 2 000.6 1 954.7 1 915.4 494.4 396.5 397.8


205


5.16 Luxembourg Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 0.05

2000 0.06

2010 0.12

2014 0.16

2015 0.15

0.00 0.00

0.01 0.01

0.04 0.01 3.25 0.49 0.13 1.77

0.04 0.03 3.64 0.11 0.10 2.37

0.07 0.04 4.68 0.08 0.07 3.14

0.09 0.03 4.51 0.07 0.06 2.85

0.12 0.03 4.07 0.05 0.05 2.69

0.11 0.03 4.01 0.05 0.04 2.62

0.56 0.56

0.67 0.67

1.18 1.18

0.43 3.32 0.49 0.13 1.80

0.49 3.65 0.11 0.10 2.32

0.28 4.80 0.08 0.07 3.16

1.20 1.20 0.04 0.35 4.64 0.07 0.06 2.87

0.84 0.84 0.07 0.42 4.22 0.05 0.05 2.68

0.77 0.77 0.09 0.48 4.18 0.05 0.04 2.63

0.56 0.56

0.67 0.67

1.18 1.18

1.20 1.20

0.85 0.85

0.77 0.77

0.04 0.43 0.01 3.28 3.17 0.05 3.11

0.04 0.49 0.03 3.60 3.56 0.06 3.50

0.07 0.28 0.04 4.77 4.53 0.03 4.48

0.13 0.35 0.03 4.61 4.36 0.03 4.32

0.19 0.42 0.03 4.19 4.03 0.04 4.00

0.21 0.48 0.03 4.15 4.02 0.03 3.99

0.34 1.75 0.58 0.02

0.11 2.26 0.61 0.02

0.08 3.11 0.63 0.04

0.07 2.84 0.68 0.09 0.00

0.05 2.65 0.58 0.12 0.00

0.05 2.60 0.60 0.13 0.00

0.43 0.00 0.00

0.50 0.01 0.01

0.53 0.07 0.02

0.57 0.07 0.01

0.53 0.06 0.02

0.54 0.05 0.01

1.17 1.30 0.56 0.07 0.01 0.01

0.74 1.91 0.47 0.36 0.02 0.01

0.78 2.78 0.53 0.37 0.02

0.76 2.60 0.51 0.43 0.03

0.65 2.50 0.47 0.36 0.02

0.65 2.42 0.50 0.40 0.02


206

2005 0.11


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 1.25 1.22 1.68 1.71 2.02 2.02 Combustible Fuels 0.12 0.07 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.51 Nuclear Hydro 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.33 1.33 Wind 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 Solar PV 0.02 0.03 0.11 0.12 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.23 1.17 4.13 4.59 2.97 2.76 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gases 0.34 0.22 3.11 2.92 1.45 0.83 Nuclear 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Renewables 0.85 0.92 1.00 1.63 1.46 1.86 Wastes, non-RES 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.1 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.42 0.44 0.38 0.4 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 10.1 % 9.6 % 12.8 % 12.7 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 1.19 3.21 2.55 2.4 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 291.5 1 909.1 2 772.2 2 551.9 2 413.9 2 326.1 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 529.5 595.3 514.1 359.8 313.6 293.0 Gas/Diesel Oil 569.3 990.4 1 823.5 1 759.6 1 693.6 1 573.9 Final Consumption Biofuels 0.5 42.0 71.6 82.7 Biogasoline 0.6 3.2 7.0 Biodiesel 41.0 68.3 75.6 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 144.1 118.7 134.8 115.5 93.6 89.1 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 8 194.3 8 427.1 10 407.0 9 243.8 7 680.8 7 419.7 Final Electricity per Capita 12 316.0 13 318.7 13 333.9 13 131.7 11 246.5 11 050.6 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 142.1 116.9 134.0 114.7 92.8 88.4 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 97.7 % 99.6 % 97.4 % 97.1 % 96.5 % 95.9 % of Solid Fuels 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % of Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % of Petroleum Fuels 98.2 % 102.1 % 99.4 % 99.4 % 100.3 % 99.3 % of Crude and NGL of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.5 % 99.4 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 1.4 % 2.9 % 4.5 % 5.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 3.6 % 4.7 % 7.2 % 6.9 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 3.2 % 3.8 % 5.9 % 6.2 % RES-T – Transport 0.1 % 2.1 % 5.4 % 6.5 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 9.70 9.65 13.37 12.50 11.04 10.71 GHGs Emissions* 10.63 10.61 14.30 13.48 12.01 11.68 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 23 921.6 22 266.9 28 987.0 24 895.6 20 083.3 19 018.0 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 919.3 2 642.3 2 785.3 2 693.2 2 614.7 2 563.2 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 420.6 313.6 375.5 311.1 244.8 228.3 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

207


5.17 Hungary Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 13.90 3.27

2000 11.60 2.89

2005 10.37 1.75

2010 11.92 1.59

2014 11.09 1.59

2015 11.28 1.52

2.33 2.33 3.79 3.79 3.62 0.87 0.03 12.55 1.36 1.23 5.44 5.89 5.53 5.53 0.00 0.21 26.18 4.62 1.19 7.67 8.20 9.18 9.18 3.62 0.87 0.21 0.03 24.55 18.16 1.63 16.23

1.70 1.69 2.48 2.48 3.67 0.83 0.03 13.96 1.09 1.12 5.29 5.88 7.28 7.28 0.00 0.30 25.30 3.85 1.13 6.96 7.48 9.66 9.66 3.67 0.83 0.30 0.03 23.71 17.72 1.59 16.14

1.46 1.39 2.33 2.33 3.59 1.19 0.06 17.42 1.30 1.30 5.78 5.90 9.81 9.81 0.00 0.54 27.61 3.03 1.24 7.12 7.27 12.09 12.09 3.59 1.19 0.54 0.06 25.44 20.37 2.17 18.23

1.18 1.06 2.24 2.24 4.08 2.74 0.09 15.00 1.14 1.39 5.64 5.66 7.73 7.73 0.04 0.45 26.60 2.73 1.40 6.67 6.65 9.82 9.82 4.08 2.78 0.45 0.09 24.63 19.41 1.97 17.41

0.93 0.82 1.44 1.44 4.06 2.98 0.10 14.12 0.63 1.03 5.66 6.00 6.82 6.82 -0.14 1.15 23.82 2.22 1.02 6.46 6.73 6.98 6.98 4.06 2.85 1.15 0.10 21.99 17.71 1.83 16.19

0.94 0.84 1.37 1.37 4.10 3.24 0.11 13.45 0.80 1.05 6.45 6.07 5.22 5.22 -0.22 1.18 25.20 2.36 1.05 6.92 6.65 7.49 7.49 4.10 3.01 1.18 0.13 23.28 19.10 1.92 17.31

1.16 4.20 6.37 0.73

0.67 4.22 6.50 0.69

0.08 2.39 1.30

0.08 2.53 1.45

0.71 4.90 7.84 0.58 0.00 0.08 2.78 1.31 0.03

0.50 4.59 6.28 1.88 0.01 0.09 2.94 1.09 0.03

0.35 4.71 5.12 2.01 0.01 0.06 2.99 0.91 0.05

0.43 5.13 5.45 2.11 0.01 0.05 3.11 0.97 0.06

3.85 2.70 6.26 2.64 0.66 0.13

3.51 3.31 5.60 3.03 0.67 0.02

3.38 4.31 6.46 3.51 0.56 0.00

2.91 4.32 6.65 3.05 0.49 0.00

3.96 4.04 5.48 2.12 0.60 0.00

4.24 4.35 5.96 2.18 0.58 0.00


208


1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 7.40 Combustible Fuels 5.52 Nuclear 1.84 Hydro 0.05 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 34.02 Solid Fuels 9.08 Petroleum and Products 5.28 Gases 5.36 Nuclear 14.03 Renewables 0.22 Wastes, non-RES 0.05 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 608.7 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 530.3 Gas/Diesel Oil 896.6 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 376.8 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 533.0 Final Electricity per Capita 2 684.0 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 353.3 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 47.9 % of Solid Fuels 29.5 % of Hard Coal 103.5 % of Petroleum Fuels 71.0 % of Crude and NGL 71.9 % of Natural Gas 60.3 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 62.16 GHGs Emissions* 76.03 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6 013.3 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 374.0 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 894.4

2000 8.28 6.38 1.85 0.05

2005 8.59 6.65 1.87 0.05 0.02

2010 8.99 6.65 2.00 0.05 0.29 0.00

2014 8.66 6.18 2.00 0.06 0.33 0.08

2015 8.58 6.01 2.00 0.06 0.33 0.17

35.19 9.59 4.40 6.72 14.18 0.24 0.06

35.76 7.02 0.46 12.50 13.83 1.87 0.07

37.37 6.23 0.49 11.71 15.76 3.02 0.15

0.01 29.39 6.00 0.08 4.36 15.65 3.14 0.12

0.01 30.34 5.79 0.08 5.23 15.83 3.21 0.14

2.05 1.86 2.31 1.6 6.84 7.31 3.82 4.1 19.1 % 19.6 % 13.0 % 13.5 % 47.42 42.18 25.94 24.4 3 220.4 4 208.3 4 020.8 3 716.4 4 047.2 1 432.8 1 589.3 1 348.3 1 243.2 1 283.2 1 553.4 2 322.9 2 413.6 2 272.1 2 559.0 2.6 174.7 188.5 175.2 2.6 56.5 60.4 42.6 118.2 128.1 132.6 314.4 278.0 270.5 227.7 233.6 2 474.9 2 734.5 2 656.1 2 411.1 2 556.9 2 880.3 3 202.6 3 415.8 3 516.8 3 672.3 256.2

250.5

210.2

215.8

55.2 % 63.1 % 28.2 % 42.9 % 99.0 % 105.1 % 76.0 % 81.2 % 78.6 % 81.2 % 75.4 % 81.1 %

294.7

56.4 % 41.9 % 99.5 % 84.7 % 85.2 % 78.7 %

59.3 % 28.3 % 101.0 % 87.7 % 89.2 % 97.7 %

53.4 % 34.0 % 99.3 % 93.2 % 91.3 % 69.7 %

4.5 % 12.8 % 14.6 % 14.5 % 6.0 % 18.1 % 21.2 % 21.3 % 4.4 % 7.1 % 7.3 % 7.3 % 0.9 % 6.0 % 6.9 % 6.2 % 59.25 74.17

61.30 76.59

52.93 66.12

44.57 58.41

47.32 61.64

5 796.7 6 070.6 5 285.2 4 511.8 4 801.4 2 342.2 2 220.0 1 989.8 1 871.3 1 877.8 736.4 617.2 538.3 426.1 438.7


209


5.18 Malta Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995

2000

2010 0.00

2014 0.01

2015 0.02

0.001

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.84

1.46

1.63

2.37

2.05

2.23

0.84

1.46

1.63

2.36

2.05

2.13

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.76

0.80

0.97

0.94

0.89

0.76

0.76

0.80

0.97

0.93

0.87

0.65

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.76 0.41 0.00 0.46

0.80 0.44 0.00 0.44

0.95 0.40 0.02 0.38

0.93 0.52 0.01 0.50

0.88 0.56 0.00 0.55

0.75 0.58 0.01 0.57

0.35

0.31

0.22

0.34

0.36

0.38

0.00

0.00 0.00

0.01 0.00

0.01 0.00

0.11

0.14

0.16

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.04 0.31 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.00

0.04 0.28 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.00

0.04 0.20 0.08 0.05 0.00 0.02

0.04 0.29 0.07 0.09 0.01 0.00

0.05 0.30 0.07 0.12 0.01 0.00

0.05 0.31 0.08 0.13 0.01 0.00


210

2005 0.00


1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.63 1.92 2.24 Solid Fuels 0.09 Petroleum and Products 1.54 1.92 2.24 Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 308.2 277.3 199.2 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 128.7 76.1 72.9 Gas/Diesel Oil 105.5 77.9 37.9 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 174.9 148.6 162.8 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 005.7 2 060.4 2 413.9 Final Electricity per Capita 3 344.6 4 030.8 4 614.2 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 174.9 148.6 159.4 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 104.8 % 100.3 % 100.0 % of Solid Fuels of Hard Coal of Petroleum Fuels 104.8 % 100.3 % 100.1 % of Crude and NGL of Natural Gas Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 0.2 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 2.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 0.0 % RES-T – Transport 0.0 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 2.69 2.78 2.97 GHGs Emissions 2.90 3.03 3.29 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 146.6 7 161.2 7 378.5 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 367.0 1 914.7 1 822.8 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 623.1 516.4 497.6

2010 0.57 0.57

2014 0.68 0.62

2015 0.67 0.59

0.00

0.06

0.07

2.11

2.25

1.30

2.11

2.17

1.20

0.00

0.08

0.10

286.3

291.5

306.9

73.9 107.8 0.5

73.9 103.7 4.9

77.0 110.9 4.5

0.5

4.9

4.5

142.3 114.0 90.6 2 268.0 2 082.8 1 760.8 4 405.5 4 713.4 4 923.8 140.9

113.5

90.0

99.0 % 97.7 % 97.3 %

99.2 % 98.3 % 97.8 %

1.0 % 4.7 % 5.0 % 7.8 % 14.5 % 14.1 % 0.0 % 3.3 % 4.2 % 0.0 % 4.6 % 4.7 % 2.94 3.33

2.82 3.27

2.11 2.58

7 108.3 6 621.0 4 907.1 1 232.4 1 341.8 918.8 445.9 362.5 252.4


211


5.19 The Netherlands Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 70.07

2000 61.95

2014 62.99

2015 51.99

6.92 6.70 6.86 6.07 6.34 3.53 2.40 2.31 1.43 1.92 60.88 52.20 56.28 63.53 50.37 60.88 52.20 56.28 63.53 50.37 1.04 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.06 0.92 1.45 1.97 3.06 4.56 0.32 0.58 0.72 0.73 0.68 17.32 34.67 37.58 29.91 29.60 8.74 7.92 8.22 9.18 9.81 8.96 7.94 8.21 9.06 9.86 33.97 42.40 48.43 44.58 40.79 59.45 60.24 60.97 59.52 54.19 -26.37 -17.19 -20.94 -24.21 -21.23 -26.37 -17.19 -20.94 -24.21 -21.23 0.00 -0.10 0.29 0.13 -1.19 0.98 1.63 1.57 0.24 1.27 75.52 78.02 84.11 85.78 76.36 8.93 7.77 8.09 7.54 9.01 9.20 7.82 8.19 7.40 9.03 28.84 30.67 35.09 33.76 31.75 63.09 62.27 63.06 60.95 57.41 34.51 35.01 35.34 39.31 29.06 34.51 35.01 35.34 39.31 29.06 1.04 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.06 0.92 1.35 2.27 3.19 3.40 0.98 1.63 1.57 0.24 1.27 0.32 0.58 0.72 0.73 0.82 64.46 66.04 68.89 70.45 62.23 64.32 67.80 72.28 72.69 63.61 11.07 11.99 15.22 15.34 14.13 50.99 52.34 54.18 55.14 47.32

6.17 1.83 39.26 39.26 1.05 4.81 0.69 46.79 12.30 12.46 44.17 59.60 -9.37 -9.37 -1.18 0.75 77.56 10.94 11.04 31.20 60.79 29.18 29.18 1.05 3.64 0.75 0.80 64.59 64.59 12.96 48.51

1.45 15.97 23.32 0.44 0.01

1.38 17.47 21.05 0.49 0.01

1.55 18.63 20.51 0.58 0.02

6.96 2.83 0.01

8.21 3.70 0.03

16.08 12.60 11.79 5.77 4.63 0.12

16.51 14.16 10.83 6.24 4.50 0.10


212

2005 66.86

2010 74.42

9.00 3.85 0.05

1.36 18.46 22.02 0.93 0.02 0.01 9.29 3.00 0.06

1.50 16.83 16.37 1.17 0.03 0.04 8.74 2.61 0.04

1.53 17.20 17.17 1.15 0.03 0.06 8.87 2.46 0.04

17.02 15.24 10.74 6.93 4.17 0.08

15.43 15.10 12.46 7.80 4.22 0.12

14.32 13.91 9.12 6.33 3.55 0.10

14.27 14.27 9.56 6.55 3.76 0.09


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 19.03 21.06 21.80 26.69 31.76 33.87 Combustible Fuels 18.20 20.07 19.97 23.74 27.29 28.40 Nuclear 0.51 0.45 0.45 0.51 0.49 0.49 Hydro 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Wind 0.25 0.45 1.22 2.24 2.87 3.39 Solar PV 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.09 1.05 1.52 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.04 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 81.17 89.63 99.92 119.27 103.42 110.07 Solid Fuels 27.40 24.28 23.50 22.59 29.49 38.44 Petroleum and Products 2.81 2.64 2.26 1.25 1.91 1.43 Gases 44.63 54.36 61.03 78.55 54.46 49.39 Nuclear 4.02 3.93 4.00 3.97 4.09 4.08 Renewables 1.41 2.97 7.45 11.20 11.71 13.70 Wastes, non-RES 0.60 1.21 1.43 1.56 1.63 1.63 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 7.16 9.30 9.18 9.2 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 29.47 39.24 29.96 29.8 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 29.4 % 33.2 % 29.0 % 27.1 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 220.28 233.61 196.28 189.6 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 12 471.7 14 017.3 15 097.4 14 711.6 13 379.2 13 788.4 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 4 205.8 4 233.1 4 313.0 4 161.7 3 801.2 3 862.1 Gas/Diesel Oil 4 840.3 5 861.2 6 675.1 6 783.2 5 730.7 5 892.8 Final Consumption Biofuels 229.7 349.2 297.4 Biogasoline 135.1 128.3 141.9 Biodiesel 94.6 220.9 155.5 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 168.3 140.6 141.9 135.8 118.7 118.3 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 896.3 4 918.1 5 158.1 5 175.4 4 537.3 4 589.0 Final Electricity per Capita 5 244.7 6 020.1 6 419.1 6 515.8 6 038.9 6 101.0 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 143.7 119.0 116.2 111.5 96.8 98.5 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 20.1 % 38.1 % 37.8 % 30.1 % 33.3 % 52.1 % of Solid Fuels 97.9 % 102.0 % 101.5 % 121.7 % 108.9 % 112.4 % of Hard Coal 97.4 % 101.5 % 100.3 % 122.3 % 109.3 % 112.8 % of Petroleum Fuels 85.7 % 97.4 % 96.2 % 94.2 % 91.9 % 101.5 % of Crude and NGL 94.2 % 96.7 % 96.7 % 97.6 % 94.4 % 98.0 % of Natural Gas -76.4 % -49.1 % -59.3 % -61.6 % -73.1 % -32.1 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 2.5 % 3.9 % 5.5 % 5.8 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 2.4 % 3.1 % 5.2 % 5.5 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 6.3 % 9.6 % 10.0 % 11.1 % RES-T – Transport 0.5 % 2.6 % 6.2 % 5.3 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 180.93 181.86 188.35 192.99 169.08 176.70 GHGs Emissions* 239.18 229.68 225.36 224.45 198.50 206.71 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11 730.1 11 464.0 11 551.3 11 643.4 10 046.7 10 455.4 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 096.0 2 000.9 1 895.4 1 943.0 1 899.8 1 966.3 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 403.3 327.8 317.7 305.6 262.9 269.5 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

213


5.20 Austria Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 8.77 0.34 0.00 1.08 1.07 1.27 1.27

2000 9.79 0.29

2005 9.80

2010 11.85

2014 11.97

2015 11.93

1.09 1.07 1.55 1.55

1.00 0.97 1.33 1.33

1.04 1.00 1.40 1.40

0.97 0.97 1.09 1.09

0.87 0.87 1.04 1.04

5.85 0.23 18.02 2.64 2.05 10.10 7.56 5.46 5.46 0.04 -0.21 27.11 3.48 2.32 11.29 8.63 6.44 6.44

6.61 0.25 19.01 3.02 2.34 10.84 7.22 5.31 5.31 -0.03 -0.12 29.02 3.60 2.56 12.13 8.31 6.59 6.59

7.08 0.39 24.52 3.97 2.99 13.21 7.88 7.15 7.15 -0.04 0.23 34.13 4.00 2.80 14.40 8.90 8.09 8.09

8.71 0.70 21.57 3.36 2.48 11.50 6.70 6.12 6.12 0.39 0.20 34.29 3.38 2.54 12.77 7.78 8.12 8.12

9.22 0.69 21.48 3.06 2.20 10.91 7.62 6.24 6.24 0.47 0.80 32.47 3.03 2.16 11.90 8.56 6.45 6.45

9.30 0.73 20.21 2.71 2.08 11.25 8.02 4.99 4.99 0.41 0.87 33.25 3.18 2.51 11.96 8.83 6.88 6.88

5.89 -0.21 0.23 25.73 22.74 1.38 21.37

6.57 -0.12 0.25 27.30 25.45 1.72 23.69

7.03 0.23 0.39 32.42 29.57 1.71 27.84

9.11 0.20 0.70 32.45 30.05 1.84 28.17

9.60 0.80 0.69 30.45 28.76 2.02 26.74

9.65 0.87 0.73 31.33 29.30 1.92 27.37

1.58 8.83 3.79 2.15 0.04 0.00 4.02 0.85 0.12

1.40 9.78 4.50 2.34 0.06 0.01 4.43 1.02 0.15

1.40 12.04 5.19 2.67 0.09 0.01 4.94 1.28 0.22

1.25 10.50 5.32 3.54 0.16 0.01 5.19 1.84 0.36

1.27 9.69 4.88 3.47 0.18 0.01 5.22 1.74 0.29

1.46 9.84 4.88 3.64 0.18 0.01 5.23 1.83 0.30

6.41 5.83 6.32 2.27 0.54

7.30 6.98 6.34 2.55 0.53

8.74 9.04 6.19 3.33 0.54

9.24 8.76 6.33 3.34 0.51

9.07 8.72 5.62 2.80 0.53

9.12 9.00 5.98 2.73 0.55


214


1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 17.40 Combustible Fuels 6.13 Nuclear Hydro 11.26 Wind 0.00 Solar PV 0.00 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 56.23 Solid Fuels 4.32 Petroleum and Products 2.12 Gases 9.76 Nuclear Renewables 39.95 Wastes, non-RES 0.07 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 5 444.1 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 429.1 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 537.4 Final Consumption Biofuels 10.3 Biogasoline Biodiesel 10.3 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 124.0 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 413.0 Final Electricity per Capita 5 880.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 117.7 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 66.4 % of Solid Fuels 75.7 % of Hard Coal 88.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 89.3 % of Crude and NGL 87.6 % of Natural Gas 84.8 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 65.53 GHGs Emissions* 81.16 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 250.0 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 415.5 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 299.8

2000 17.80 6.13

2005 18.90 6.46

2010 21.19 7.35

2014 24.05 7.86

2015 24.44 7.67

11.61 0.05 0.01

11.63 0.78 0.03 0.00

12.71 0.98 0.15 0.00

13.29 2.11 0.79 0.00

13.35 2.49 0.94 0.00

61.26 5.73 1.70 8.86

66.83 7.17 1.64 14.35

71.13 4.92 1.27 16.14

65.44 2.96 0.60 7.36

65.30 2.98 0.86 9.88

44.82 0.13

43.37 0.30

48.18 0.61

53.77 0.74

50.78 0.78

2.17 3.16 3.99 2.8 7.68 10.96 8.49 9.0 11.6 % 15.4 % 13.0 % 13.8 % 100.11 110.61 102.45 105.9 6 515.4 8 537.1 7 762.8 7 637.8 7 818.6 2 015.6 2 108.7 1 700.3 1 529.6 1 545.5 3 891.7 5 720.7 5 330.1 5 398.7 5 516.2 15.7 48.9 495.4 587.0 645.2 78.9 63.0 60.1 15.7 48.9 416.5 524.0 585.1 114.4 123.5 116.4 105.6 107.1 3 626.9 4 161.3 4 106.0 3 816.7 3 877.0 6 440.9 7 000.8 7 222.2 7 132.8 7 090.9 107.6

117.3

99.0

100.9

62.9 % 66.1 % 99.4 % 100.9 % 97.5 % 101.7 % 89.9 % 91.6 % 86.2 % 89.0 % 75.3 % 96.8 %

60.8 % 85.2 % 82.9 % 94.0 % 90.8 % 72.5 %

23.9 % 22.3 % 62.0 % 4.8 %

30.4 % 29.5 % 65.7 % 10.9 %

32.8 % 32.0 % 70.1 % 10.9 %

33.0 % 32.0 % 70.3 % 11.4 %

81.33 94.62

74.60 87.13

66.18 78.38

68.85 81.00

65.4 % 71.8 % 83.9 % 99.3 % 91.6 % 107.1 % 89.1 % 91.6 % 86.9 % 88.5 % 80.6 % 88.5 %

68.04 82.25

110.2

8 502.8 9 916.5 8 932.0 7 779.7 8 028.2 2 342.5 2 381.2 2 174.0 2 037.1 2 069.7 268.2 294.4 253.2 215.2 221.8


215


5.21 Poland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 99.38 91.07 78.19 0.37 0.27 3.18 3.17

2000 79.59 71.30 59.18 1.06 0.63 3.32 3.31

2010 67.39 55.38 43.82 1.06 0.68 3.70 3.69

2014 67.91 54.03 41.60 1.56 0.93 3.73 3.73

2015 68.33 53.87 41.57 1.62 0.91 3.68 3.68

3.92 3.81 4.55 6.85 0.84 0.10 0.16 0.40 -1.16 8.77 15.94 31.53 -21.25 -16.35 -13.04 -2.81 -18.94 -13.85 -9.70 1.80 14.52 19.07 21.47 25.16 11.95 17.36 17.54 22.28 5.81 6.61 8.53 8.87 5.81 6.61 8.53 8.87 0.00 0.00 -0.07 0.43 -0.24 -0.55 -0.96 -0.12 98.83 88.65 92.22 100.68 70.31 56.29 54.61 54.61 59.72 46.35 45.55 47.94 15.00 19.04 21.69 25.71 12.31 17.51 18.03 22.64 9.00 9.96 12.24 12.81 9.00 9.96 12.24 12.81

8.07 0.52 27.05 -4.29 0.43 20.97 22.83 9.65 9.65 0.54 0.19 94.33 49.24 41.39 22.37 23.66 13.41 13.40

8.64 0.52 28.02 -5.61 -0.96 23.35 25.85 9.95 9.95 0.36 -0.03 95.43 48.26 40.69 23.92 25.73 13.78 13.78

3.92 -0.24 0.84 95.12 67.25 3.71 62.94

3.80 -0.55 0.10 84.29 58.57 4.36 55.21

4.49 -0.96 0.16 87.65 62.71 4.57 58.47

7.27 -0.12 0.40 95.72 71.09 4.96 66.33

8.61 0.19 0.52 89.17 66.19 5.16 61.60

8.99 -0.03 0.52 90.00 66.52 5.43 62.25

22.58 11.65 7.76 3.73

13.22 15.50 7.57 3.52

12.21 17.84 8.77 3.85

7.71 8.82 0.70

0.00 8.43 6.89 0.08

0.01 9.03 6.63 0.14

13.77 20.73 9.46 5.22 0.01 0.01 10.21 6.55 0.38

12.03 18.60 8.94 5.25 0.04 0.02 10.78 5.45 0.50

11.69 19.19 8.98 5.39 0.05 0.02 10.99 5.46 0.49

23.03 8.30 22.67 4.16 4.78 0.01

18.45 9.92 17.19 4.97 4.64 0.04

15.32 12.54 19.45 6.73 4.43 0.00

14.10 17.70 21.97 8.83 3.73 0.00

15.03 16.37 18.97 7.79 3.43 0.00

15.05 17.24 18.84 7.81 3.31 0.00


216

2005 78.59 68.86 56.12 1.14 0.84 3.89 3.88


1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 29.48 Combustible Fuels 27.42 Nuclear Hydro 2.06 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 139.01 Solid Fuels 131.77 Petroleum and Products 1.52 Gases 1.50 Nuclear Renewables 3.92 Wastes, non-RES 0.30 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 7 890.9 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 4 610.3 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 796.3 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 518.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 561.6 Final Electricity per Capita 2 324.8 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 499.2 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) -1.2 % of Solid Fuels -30.2 % of Hard Coal -31.7 % of Petroleum Fuels 95.9 % of Crude and NGL 97.1 % of Natural Gas 64.6 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 362.06 GHGs Emissions* 439.70 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9 384.6 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 658.4 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 900.3

2000 30.56 28.37

2005 32.26 29.78

2010 33.36 29.91

2014 35.99 29.76

2015 37.32 29.96

2.18 0.00

2.32 0.12

2.34 1.11

2.36 3.84 0.03

2.37 4.89 0.11

0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 145.18 156.94 157.66 159.06 164.94 135.89 141.88 136.51 129.52 130.52 1.92 2.76 2.89 1.59 2.12 2.96 6.53 6.67 7.36 8.83 4.34 0.08

5.42 0.04

11.46 0.05

20.39 0.05

23.29 0.08

8.31 8.69 8.55 8.6 26.30 27.71 24.09 26.5 16.8 % 17.6 % 15.1 % 16.1 % 275.43 277.10 237.65 238.6 9 459.2 11 911.1 16 319.9 15 044.0 15 834.6 5 319.2 4 229.6 4 243.3 3 535.4 3 654.2 3 395.7 5 657.1 9 740.1 9 153.7 9 817.5 49.3 867.4 705.3 780.3 33.9 169.6 132.8 153.5 15.4 697.8 572.5 626.8 360.0 321.7 278.3 233.3 227.3 2 316.8 2 415.9 2 647.9 2 481.1 2 511.1 2 563.1 2 750.7 3 121.5 3 297.1 3 363.2 342.3

305.8

264.6

220.6

214.4

9.9 % -29.1 % -29.9 % 98.7 % 99.1 % 66.3 %

17.2 % -23.9 % -21.3 % 97.5 % 97.3 % 69.7 %

31.3 % -5.2 % 3.7 % 97.0 % 98.4 % 69.3 %

28.6 % -8.7 % 1.0 % 93.1 % 96.5 % 72.0 %

29.3 % -11.6 % -2.4 % 96.8 % 100.5 % 72.2 %

6.9 % 9.3 % 11.5 % 11.8 % 10.2 % 11.7 % 14.0 % 14.3 % 2.7 % 6.6 % 12.4 % 13.4 % 1.6 % 6.6 % 6.2 % 6.4 % 317.87 322.56 333.56 309.29 312.51 391.37 399.84 408.42 384.68 387.73 8 307.4 8 449.7 8 772.7 8 135.5 8 222.8 3 574.4 3 485.5 3 306.0 3 273.9 3 268.2 1 291.0 1 125.2 921.9 765.1 744.4


217


5.22 Portugal Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.38

2000 3.89

2010 5.80

2014 6.19

2015 5.51

0.21

0.20

5.84 0.15 16.15 2.60 2.59 10.29 10.61 3.48 3.48 -0.32 0.08 22.09 2.68 2.67 10.17 10.86 3.47 3.47

5.18 0.12 18.30 3.21 3.20 11.01 14.18 4.07 4.07 -0.21 0.19 23.00 3.21 3.20 10.40 14.06 4.07 4.07

0.07

0.05

3.32 18.02 3.81 3.84 14.14 13.04 0.00 0.00

3.76 0.09 22.07 3.91 3.97 16.04 11.63 2.04 2.04

3.48 0.14 24.85 3.23 3.22 17.14 13.46 3.89 3.89

0.08 20.64 3.60 3.63 13.57 13.04 0.07 0.00

0.08 25.29 3.81 3.84 15.48 11.76 2.08 2.03

0.59 27.48 3.35 3.35 16.17 13.44 3.75 3.75

5.64 0.16 18.59 1.63 1.63 12.44 11.39 4.51 4.51 -0.21 0.23 24.28 1.66 1.66 12.29 11.53 4.49 4.49

3.32 0.08 0.00 18.55 15.92 2.08 13.85

3.76 0.08 0.09 22.89 20.22 2.39 17.92

3.48 0.59 0.14 24.89 21.69 2.59 19.01

5.46 0.23 0.16 22.55 19.81 1.73 18.10

5.51 0.08 0.17 20.65 17.18 1.44 15.77

4.97 0.20 0.16 21.66 17.29 1.34 16.04

0.54 8.27 0.11 2.40 0.02 0.00 2.48 0.04

0.47 10.71 0.87 2.41 0.02 0.00 3.30 0.13

0.02 10.81 1.31 2.51 0.02 0.00 3.98 0.33 0.03

0.05 9.28 1.56 2.48 0.05 0.00 4.29 0.34 0.06

0.01 7.83 1.55 2.05 0.08 0.00 3.89 0.27 0.09

0.01 7.96 1.64 2.10 0.08 0.00 3.94 0.24 0.06

4.93 4.94 2.56 0.91 0.49 0.03

6.32 6.64 2.80 1.40 0.73 0.04

5.80 7.19 3.22 2.20 0.58 0.03

5.45 7.30 2.97 1.88 0.46 0.03

4.41 6.44 2.57 1.90 0.43 0.03

4.45 6.61 2.54 1.96 0.44 0.04


218

2005 3.62


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 9.38 10.91 13.37 18.93 19.13 19.63 Combustible Fuels 4.89 6.28 7.28 9.87 8.11 8.05 Nuclear Hydro 4.48 4.54 5.02 5.11 5.72 6.17 Wind 0.01 0.08 1.06 3.80 4.86 4.94 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.42 0.45 Geothermal 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.00 Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 33.27 43.76 46.58 54.09 52.80 52.42 Solid Fuels 13.41 14.60 15.23 7.10 11.95 14.73 Petroleum and Products 10.31 8.42 8.79 3.01 1.36 1.31 Gases 0.05 7.23 13.61 14.90 6.83 10.56 Nuclear Renewables 9.50 13.26 8.65 28.75 32.40 25.51 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.26 0.31 0.33 0.25 0.30 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.08 1.31 1.38 1.3 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 5.42 6.36 6.80 6.5 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 11.6 % 11.8 % 12.9 % 12.3 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 59.61 67.22 69.30 59.3 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 4 912.7 6 603.5 7 136.5 6 940.3 6 142.2 6 245.3 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 022.4 2 271.7 1 934.6 1 450.3 1 144.5 1 099.3 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 272.7 3 522.9 4 285.6 4 366.0 3 824.1 3 885.9 Final Consumption Biofuels 309.1 261.2 327.6 Biogasoline 2.0 22.2 Biodiesel 304.9 254.5 302.2 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 150.8 151.3 157.4 135.0 130.6 133.9 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 061.7 2 467.1 2 618.0 2 296.5 2 118.0 2 216.6 Final Electricity per Capita 2 877.9 3 744.1 4 413.9 4 718.2 4 334.3 4 415.7 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 135.6 137.0 142.6 125.3 122.1 126.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 85.3 % 85.1 % 88.6 % 75.1 % 71.2 % 77.4 % of Solid Fuels 105.8 % 102.9 % 96.3 % 98.3 % 96.9 % 100.0 % of Hard Coal 105.9 % 103.4 % 96.3 % 98.2 % 96.9 % 100.0 % of Petroleum Fuels 100.6 % 99.4 % 102.3 % 97.5 % 95.5 % 99.7 % of Crude and NGL 100.0 % 99.0 % 100.2 % 98.8 % 97.7 % 100.9 % of Natural Gas 100.2 % 103.8 % 100.4 % 100.1 % 99.8 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 19.5 % 24.2 % 27.0 % 28.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 32.1 % 33.9 % 34.0 % 33.4 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 27.7 % 40.7 % 52.1 % 52.6 % RES-T – Transport 0.5 % 5.6 % 3.7 % 7.4 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 56.36 67.90 71.60 55.42 50.91 55.33 GHGs Emissions* 71.68 84.52 88.61 72.12 67.39 72.09 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5 631.3 6 624.7 6 822.1 5 241.5 4 882.1 5 333.5 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 668.7 2 616.7 2 552.4 2 240.1 2 243.6 2 340.8 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 411.8 406.2 410.3 308.0 301.0 322.1 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

219


5.23 Romania Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 32.31 7.89 0.65 6.82 6.72 14.45 14.45 0.00 2.80 0.37 14.03 2.86 3.01 6.36 8.31 4.79 4.79 0.00 0.03 46.31 10.79 3.69 13.09 15.14 19.24 19.24 2.80 0.03 0.37 45.07 30.36 1.24 26.97

2000 28.47 5.60 0.16 6.36 6.30 10.97 10.97 1.41 4.04 0.09 7.99 1.92 1.65 3.42 4.76 2.71 2.71 0.00 -0.06 36.65 7.49 1.72 9.99 10.96 13.68 13.68 1.41 4.04 -0.06 0.10 34.77 25.03 1.88 22.77

2005 28.22 5.80 0.02 6.23 5.58 9.70 9.70 1.43 4.98 0.09 10.84 2.94 2.42 3.96 8.86 4.19 4.19 0.00 -0.25 39.21 8.79 2.37 10.29 14.44 13.92 13.92 1.43 4.94 -0.25 0.09 36.74 26.87 2.47 24.71

2010 27.82 5.90 0.00 4.57 4.52 8.62 8.62 3.00 5.71 0.03 7.83 1.23 0.47 4.84 6.03 1.82 1.82 0.14 -0.20 35.80 7.01 0.47 9.31 10.67 10.79 10.79 3.00 5.86 -0.20 0.03 34.33 24.77 1.47 22.59

2014 26.66 4.45 0.04 4.28 4.18 8.77 8.77 3.01 6.09 0.07 5.50 1.00 0.41 4.61 6.86 0.47 0.47 0.04 -0.61 32.16 5.75 0.47 8.47 10.71 9.35 9.35 3.01 6.12 -0.61 0.07 30.64 22.76 1.52 21.72

2015 26.74 4.71 0.01 4.24 4.13 8.79 8.79 3.00 5.94 0.07 5.54 1.03 0.47 4.89 6.72 0.16 0.16 0.04 -0.58 32.41 5.91 0.49 9.10 10.78 8.93 8.93 3.00 5.97 -0.58 0.07 31.29 23.04 1.13 21.89

1.64 5.70 10.34 1.28

1.05 5.53 6.91 2.74

1.61 6.63 7.75 3.17

0.00 3.13 4.68 0.20

0.01 2.92 3.57 0.06

0.02 3.34 2.14 0.06

0.94 6.19 6.19 4.02 0.00 0.02 3.55 1.65 0.03

0.72 6.80 5.64 3.60 0.00 0.02 3.60 1.27 0.07

0.84 7.01 5.47 3.51 0.00 0.02 3.70 1.27 0.07

15.15 3.11 6.33 0.51 1.00 0.87

9.30 3.46 8.41 0.67 0.40 0.54

10.01 4.28 7.99 1.67 0.22 0.56

6.88 5.12 8.10 1.88 0.39 0.21

6.47 5.47 7.41 1.77 0.42 0.18

6.47 5.58 7.38 1.76 0.46 0.25


220


1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 6.00 Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro 6.00 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 59.27 Solid Fuels 20.59 Petroleum and Products 5.80 Gases 15.97 Nuclear Renewables 16.69 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 911.9 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 082.1 Gas/Diesel Oil 1 583.1 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 550.9 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 038.8 Final Electricity per Capita 1 600.6 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 536.2 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 30.3 % of Solid Fuels 26.5 % of Hard Coal 81.7 % of Petroleum Fuels 48.6 % of Crude and NGL 54.9 % of Natural Gas 24.9 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 126.08 GHGs Emissions* 181.74 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5 551.2 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 722.9 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 500.1

2000 6.12

6.12

51.93 18.93 3.40 9.00 5.46 14.78 0.00

2005 18.95 11.95 0.71 6.29 0.00

2010 19.91 11.64 1.41 6.47 0.39

2014 23.88 11.32 1.41 6.61 3.24 1.29

2015 23.83 11.23 1.41 6.73 3.13 1.33

59.41 21.92 1.89 9.83 5.56 20.21 0.00

60.98 20.68 0.69 7.32 11.62 20.66 0.00

65.68 17.76 0.49 8.15 11.68 27.60 0.00

66.30 18.13 0.47 9.48 11.64 26.58 0.00

5.25 4.58 15.55 6.54 26.2 % 10.8 % 95.39 69.00

1.82 6.10 9.3 % 55.36

1.8 5.6 8.4 % 51.0

3 273.3 4 103.3 4 881.6 5 211.4 5 280.2 1 321.2 1 599.8 1 412.3 1 354.1 1 268.9 1 756.2 2 298.3 3 172.3 3 567.7 3 676.1 115.3 166.6 202.5 46.7 41.6 61.5 68.6 125.0 141.0 441.7 357.1 282.5 233.8 226.7 1 632.1 1 833.6 1 764.0 1 612.1 1 631.2 1 511.4 1 817.3 2 035.9 2 100.8 2 165.5 270.8

222.7

218.8

21.8 % 27.6 % 21.9 % 25.6 % 33.4 % 17.6 % 96.0 % 102.2 % 100.9 % 34.2 % 38.5 % 51.9 % 43.5 % 61.3 % 56.5 % 19.8 % 30.1 % 16.8 %

419.0

334.7

17.1 % 17.4 % 87.0 % 54.0 % 64.1 % 5.0 %

17.1 % 17.4 % 95.3 % 53.4 % 62.4 % 1.8 %

17.3 % 23.4 % 24.8 % 24.8 % 18.0 % 27.2 % 26.7 % 25.9 % 26.9 % 30.4 % 41.7 % 43.2 % 1.6 % 3.8 % 4.7 % 5.5 % 93.39 99.96 82.76 77.81 79.39 140.60 146.84 121.40 116.04 117.81 4 158.8 4 675.0 4 078.1 3 901.0 3 995.3 2 548.1 2 549.7 2 310.8 2 413.7 2 445.9 1 125.4 910.6 653.0 565.7 555.2


221


5.24 Slovenia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 2.96 1.19

2000 3.09 1.06

2005 3.49 1.18

2010 3.78 1.20

2014 3.67 0.82

2015 3.40 0.86

0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 1.23 0.51 0.00 3.09 0.19 0.14 2.26 0.49 0.75 0.75 0.03 -0.14 6.07 1.38 0.14 2.32 0.51 0.75 0.75 1.23 0.54 -0.14 0.00 5.95 4.23 0.12 4.09

0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 1.23 0.79 0.00 3.41 0.24 0.20 2.46 0.13 0.82 0.82 0.00 -0.11 6.45 1.31 0.19 2.42 0.14 0.83 0.83 1.23 0.79 -0.11 0.00 6.21 4.70 0.24 4.46

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.00

0.00 0.00 1.52 0.77 0.01 3.86 0.32 0.29 2.63

0.01 0.01 1.46 1.09 0.02 3.58 0.28 0.23 2.60

0.00 0.00 1.64 1.16 0.04 2.99 0.22 0.19 2.33

0.00 0.00 1.46 1.03 0.04 3.23 0.20 0.18 2.34

0.93 0.93 0.00 -0.03 7.33 1.54 0.30 2.58

0.86 0.86 0.03 -0.18 7.34 1.45 0.23 2.60

0.62 0.62 0.05 -0.24 6.65 1.05 0.18 2.33

0.66 0.66 0.03 0.00 6.58 1.07 0.18 2.29

0.93 0.93 1.52 0.77 -0.03 0.01 7.02 5.23 0.31 4.90

0.86 0.86 1.46 1.12 -0.18 0.02 7.13 5.27 0.21 5.04

0.63 0.63 1.64 1.20 -0.24 0.04 6.51 4.73 0.14 4.59

0.66 0.66 1.46 1.06 0.00 0.04 6.45 4.82 0.13 4.69

0.11 2.13 0.58 0.26

0.09 2.26 0.57 0.44

0.08 2.41 0.67 0.44

0.80 0.21 0.00

0.91 0.20 0.00

1.10 0.20 0.01

0.05 2.47 0.62 0.62 0.01 0.03 1.03 0.19 0.02

0.04 2.18 0.52 0.54 0.01 0.04 1.07 0.15 0.04

0.04 2.17 0.56 0.57 0.01 0.04 1.10 0.17 0.04

1.18 1.35 1.16 0.40 0.00 0.00

1.42 1.26 1.13 0.53 0.08 0.04

1.64 1.49 1.19 0.48 0.08 0.02

1.27 1.81 1.33 0.53 0.07 0.03

1.23 1.82 1.02 0.43 0.08 0.02

1.23 1.80 1.11 0.46 0.08 0.02


222


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.52 2.61 2.99 3.19 3.45 Combustible Fuels 1.10 1.12 1.36 1.26 1.24 Nuclear 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.69 Hydro 0.76 0.84 0.98 1.25 1.30 Wind 0.00 Solar PV 0.01 0.22 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 12.91 13.62 15.12 16.44 17.44 Solid Fuels 4.60 4.61 5.27 5.29 3.76 Petroleum and Products 0.26 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.04 Gases 0.02 0.29 0.34 0.55 0.37 Nuclear 4.78 4.76 5.88 5.66 6.37 Renewables 3.25 3.90 3.58 4.93 6.89 Wastes, non-RES 0.01 0.01 0.01 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.34 0.33 0.37 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.10 1.14 1.17 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 7.3 % 6.9 % 7.1 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 15.00 11.60 10.15 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 334.4 1 236.2 1 475.9 1 745.8 1 764.4 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 880.5 860.1 698.1 600.1 447.2 Gas/Diesel Oil 433.4 350.4 754.1 1 111.1 1 276.9 Final Consumption Biofuels 45.7 43.7 Biogasoline 4.3 7.6 Biodiesel 41.4 36.1 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 268.3 231.3 220.1 202.4 183.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 052.1 3 245.4 3 666.9 3 584.3 3 227.9 Final Electricity per Capita 4 696.2 5 292.9 6 378.7 5 835.4 6 044.9 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 263.1 222.8 210.9 196.6 179.8 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 50.9 % 52.8 % 52.5 % 48.7 % 44.5 % of Solid Fuels 13.6 % 18.7 % 21.0 % 19.2 % 21.4 % of Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.5 % 93.8 % 100.9 % 103.8 % of Petroleum Fuels 97.8 % 101.5 % 101.2 % 99.2 % 97.7 % of Crude and NGL 95.9 % 87.5 % of Natural Gas 100.5 % 99.3 % 99.6 % 99.3 % 99.5 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 16.0 % 20.4 % 21.5 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 18.9 % 28.1 % 32.4 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 28.7 % 32.2 % 33.9 % RES-T – Transport 0.8 % 3.1 % 2.9 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 15.30 15.50 16.99 16.43 13.58 GHGs Emissions* 18.78 19.16 20.56 19.68 16.68 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 691.4 7 797.3 8 505.5 8 028.2 6 590.9 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 520.1 2 402.6 2 312.9 2 234.3 2 025.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 676.1 555.8 510.6 453.3 375.1

2015 3.36 1.13 0.69 1.30 0.01 0.24

15.10 4.39 0.02 0.40 5.65 4.64 0.01 0.4 1.2 7.7 % 10.4 1 754.0 436.7 1 275.9 29.4 6.5 22.9 177.6 3 189.2 6 199.1 174.2 48.7 % 18.9 % 96.7 % 99.6 % 99.7 % 22.0 % 34.1 % 32.7 % 2.2 % 13.67 16.91 6 627.7 2 058.8 369.0


223


5.25 Slovak Republic Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 5.06 1.02

2000 6.39 1.02

2005 6.68 0.64

2010 6.35 0.61

2014 6.72 0.58

2015 6.74 0.50

0.13 0.07 0.26 0.26 2.95 0.50 0.21 12.14 4.14 3.10 3.36 5.09 4.53 4.53

0.17 0.06 0.13 0.13 4.26 0.50 0.32 12.00 3.43 3.15 3.09 5.72 5.71 5.71

0.12 17.72 5.39 3.34 3.34 5.01 5.22 5.22 2.95 0.50 0.12 0.21 16.79 12.23 0.93 11.03

-0.23 18.30 4.28 3.03 3.42 5.86 5.78 5.78 4.26 0.49 -0.23 0.32 16.94 12.72 1.37 10.98

0.38 0.04 0.13 0.13 4.63 0.86 0.05 12.43 3.74 3.48 3.27 5.43 5.74 5.74 -0.04 -0.28 19.03 4.23 3.31 3.71 5.56 5.88 5.88 4.63 0.81 -0.28 0.05 17.75 12.84 1.28 11.56

0.39 0.02 0.09 0.09 3.82 1.40 0.03 11.26 2.95 2.57 3.30 5.31 5.00 5.00 -0.08 0.09 17.86 3.90 2.79 3.68 5.32 5.01 5.01 3.82 1.33 0.09 0.04 16.80 12.65 1.05 11.55

0.42 0.01 0.08 0.08 4.04 1.44 0.15 9.86 2.85 2.59 2.98 5.36 3.95 3.95 -0.03 0.10 16.18 3.42 2.63 3.28 5.30 3.77 3.77 4.04 1.42 0.10 0.15 15.25 10.98 0.93 9.98

0.43 0.01 0.08 0.08 3.95 1.59 0.19 9.64 2.77 2.53 2.99 5.77 3.69 3.69 -0.02 0.21 16.43 3.28 2.59 3.34 5.81 3.88 3.88 3.95 1.58 0.21 0.19 15.38 11.16 1.05 10.08

2.56 1.61 4.07 0.08

1.75 1.70 4.70 0.09

1.57 2.18 4.54 0.33

1.87 0.72 0.12

1.89 0.62 0.23

0.00 1.97 0.95 0.02

1.64 2.30 4.12 0.54 0.00 0.00 2.08 0.85 0.02

1.43 2.11 3.11 0.51 0.01 0.00 2.08 0.61 0.14

1.32 2.12 3.09 0.63 0.01 0.00 2.10 0.63 0.17

4.69 1.41 1.98 2.66 0.30

4.53 1.45 2.59 2.20 0.21

4.71 2.39 2.54 1.75 0.17

4.36 2.63 2.31 2.11 0.13

4.45 2.21 1.95 1.23 0.14

4.43 2.21 1.99 1.30 0.15


224


1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) 7.24 7.45 8.26 Combustible Fuels 3.22 2.39 3.09 Nuclear 1.76 2.64 2.64 Hydro 2.26 2.42 2.51 Wind 0.01 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.01 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 26.77 31.16 31.46 Solid Fuels 6.46 5.58 5.54 Petroleum and Products 0.74 0.20 0.74 Gases 2.92 3.87 2.63 Nuclear 11.44 16.49 17.73 Renewables 5.23 4.98 4.78 Wastes, non-RES 0.03 0.02 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.41 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 4.80 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 15.3 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 33.68 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 294.1 1 371.5 1 731.1 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 512.2 605.0 666.8 Gas/Diesel Oil 741.8 739.8 1 011.3 Final Consumption Biofuels 11.2 Biogasoline Biodiesel 11.2 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 503.1 436.9 355.1 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 308.1 3 390.1 3 541.8 Final Electricity per Capita 4 057.0 4 076.9 4 253.0 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 476.8 404.3 331.2 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 68.5 % 65.6 % 65.3 % of Solid Fuels 76.7 % 80.2 % 88.4 % of Hard Coal 92.9 % 103.8 % 105.2 % of Petroleum Fuels 100.6 % 90.5 % 88.2 % of Crude and NGL 101.5 % 97.6 % 97.7 % of Natural Gas 86.8 % 98.8 % 97.5 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 6.4 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 5.0 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 15.7 % RES-T – Transport 1.6 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 44.83 41.31 42.89 GHGs Emissions* 54.46 49.91 51.54 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 369.2 7 652.5 7 982.4 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 529.9 2 257.3 2 253.8 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 272.9 986.1 800.3

2010 7.87 3.50 1.82 2.52 0.00 0.02

2014 8.09 3.07 1.94 2.52 0.00 0.53

2015 7.78 2.75 1.94 2.52 0.00 0.53

0.02 27.86 3.57 0.60 2.72 14.57 6.33 0.02

0.03 27.40 2.87 0.30 2.10 15.50 6.48 0.03

0.03 26.90 2.83 0.38 2.11 15.15 6.31 0.03

2.82 4.43 15.9 % 20.06

3.7 21.1 - 78.5 % 27.3

2 092.9 1 936.3 1 924.3 599.5 551.6 576.8 1 449.9 1 316.5 1 266.7 97.7 133.9 143.9 23.8 24.6 22.9 73.9 109.3 121.0 264.2 220.1 215.2 3 312.4 2 987.7 3 029.9 4 477.4 4 460.3 4 495.4 207.4

201.4

63.1 % 60.9 % 75.7 % 83.3 % 91.9 % 98.5 % 89.5 % 91.0 % 99.9 % 101.1 % 99.9 % 104.8 %

248.6

58.7 % 84.6 % 97.5 % 89.4 % 99.3 % 95.1 %

9.1 % 11.7 % 12.9 % 7.9 % 8.9 % 10.8 % 17.8 % 22.9 % 22.7 % 5.3 % 7.6 % 8.5 % 38.67 46.69

33.56 40.80

33.96 41.42

7 173.5 6 196.7 6 264.3 2 165.7 2 074.1 2 067.5 572.2 456.4 444.8


225


5.26 Finland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 13.13 2.03

2000 15.16 1.09

2005 16.95 2.14

2010 17.99 1.81

2014 18.72 1.60

2015 18.17 0.84

0.02

0.46

0.54

0.72

0.67

0.70

5.88 9.43 0.15 17.84 3.95 3.68 9.23 11.21 3.84 3.84 -0.08 0.90 37.11 6.87 4.31 10.12 11.09 3.84 3.84 5.88 9.35 0.90 0.15 35.88 27.50 1.22 26.25

0.00 0.00 6.08 10.12 0.24 17.06 3.59 3.36 9.21 12.08 2.51 2.51 0.19 1.55 34.77 4.47 2.84 9.62 12.16 2.52 2.52 6.08 10.30 1.55 0.24 33.57 26.39 1.20 24.50

0.01 0.01 6.00 10.39 0.24 15.66 2.46 2.24 9.46 11.10 2.24 2.24 0.09 1.41 33.16 4.03 2.49 8.76 10.66 2.24 2.24 6.00 10.49 1.41 0.24 31.95 25.43 1.21 24.18

4.96 6.12 0.01 15.91 3.83 3.67 8.51 8.67 2.84 2.84

5.80 7.75 0.07 18.22 3.51 3.21 10.26 11.56 3.43 3.43

0.72 29.36 6.05 4.12 8.66 9.21 2.84 2.84 4.96 6.13 0.72 0.01 28.24 21.92 1.13 21.97

1.02 32.41 5.09 3.28 9.25 11.39 3.43 3.43 5.80 7.75 1.02 0.07 31.37 24.76 1.04 24.32

6.00 8.16 0.11 18.95 3.31 3.01 10.65 10.57 3.61 3.61 -0.08 1.46 34.50 4.90 2.93 10.33 10.83 3.61 3.61 6.00 8.09 1.46 0.11 33.35 26.44 1.15 25.19

1.30 7.67 1.33 3.94

1.03 7.81 1.21 4.48

0.89 8.15 1.10 4.23

0.85 7.70 1.03 4.89 0.00

0.66 6.71 0.86 5.41 0.00

0.60 6.72 0.84 5.39 0.00

5.61 2.13 0.00

6.51 3.27 0.02

6.94 3.85 0.03

7.18 4.55 0.04

6.81 3.99 0.06

6.75 3.83 0.05

9.86 4.18 5.44 1.01 0.76 0.72

12.20 4.28 4.49 2.32 0.77 0.26

11.88 4.65 5.02 2.62 0.75 0.27

11.34 4.84 5.81 3.08 0.81 0.36

10.70 4.76 5.07 2.87 0.75 0.36

10.70 4.79 4.90 2.71 0.72 0.36


226


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 14.43 16.26 16.47 15.54 16.25 15.88 Combustible Fuels 9.34 10.70 10.68 9.46 9.61 8.85 Nuclear 2.31 2.64 2.67 2.72 2.75 2.75 Hydro 2.78 2.88 3.04 3.16 3.25 3.25 Wind 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.20 0.63 1.01 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 64.04 69.98 70.58 80.67 68.09 68.60 Solid Fuels 16.62 12.45 11.00 20.83 11.33 8.21 Petroleum and Products 1.45 0.59 0.50 0.48 0.24 0.21 Gases 7.21 10.82 11.92 11.85 6.01 5.77 Nuclear 19.22 22.48 23.27 22.80 23.58 23.25 Renewables 19.55 23.38 23.47 24.20 26.27 30.53 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.07 0.18 0.21 0.38 0.39 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.83 6.17 6.01 5.8 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 27.46 29.24 23.04 21.7 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 38.9 % 36.2 % 33.8 % 31.7 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 249.98 272.84 247.58 242.4 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 4 127.2 4 212.9 4 569.0 4 624.1 4 188.3 4 226.9 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 023.7 1 748.0 1 835.3 1 531.3 1 363.9 1 359.8 Gas/Diesel Oil 1 649.7 1 942.7 2 167.2 2 433.2 2 121.3 2 155.4 Final Consumption Biofuels 140.2 497.7 496.9 Biogasoline 77.6 70.0 64.9 Biodiesel 62.6 427.7 432.0 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 237.9 205.0 192.1 198.3 186.4 177.2 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5 758.9 6 267.1 6 588.8 6 933.7 6 378.1 6 059.3 Final Electricity per Capita 12 790.8 14 635.6 15 420.1 15 603.3 14 518.3 14 340.2 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 228.8 198.4 185.6 191.8 179.9 170.8 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 53.6 % 55.1 % 54.1 % 47.8 % 48.9 % 46.8 % of Solid Fuels 63.4 % 68.9 % 67.4 % 57.5 % 80.3 % 61.2 % of Hard Coal 89.0 % 97.7 % 102.6 % 85.5 % 118.5 % 89.9 % of Petroleum Fuels 94.6 % 103.5 % 98.4 % 89.4 % 94.8 % 104.5 % of Crude and NGL 94.1 % 101.5 % 97.5 % 101.1 % 99.3 % 104.1 % of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.9 % 99.7 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 28.8 % 32.4 % 38.7 % 39.3 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 39.1 % 44.2 % 51.9 % 52.8 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 26.9 % 27.7 % 31.4 % 32.5 % RES-T – Transport 0.9 % 4.4 % 22.0 % 22.0 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 59.15 58.19 58.41 65.73 49.73 46.40 GHGs Emissions* 72.71 71.08 70.88 77.32 61.06 57.54 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11 601.0 11 253.0 11 153.5 12 282.6 9 122.8 8 479.3 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 992.0 1 759.5 1 668.7 1 761.5 1 426.4 1 387.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 479.3 368.1 325.1 351.3 266.6 248.0 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

227


5.27 Sweden Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Residential Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 31.38 0.22

2000 30.05 0.16

2005 34.26 0.21

2010 32.76 0.24

2014 34.31 0.13

2015 33.81 0.11

0.00 0.00 0.04

0.00

0.03

0.07

0.13

0.16

0.04

0.04

0.02

0.01

0.01

18.04 12.84 0.24 20.43 2.75 2.37 17.07 19.22 0.76 0.76

14.79 14.74 0.32 20.44 2.41 2.14 16.85 21.97 0.78 0.78

18.67 14.83 0.48 19.46 2.56 2.22 16.70 19.49 0.84 0.84

14.92 17.00 0.52 19.29 2.55 2.29 15.10 19.62 1.47 1.47

-0.14 51.47 2.88 2.33 16.82 19.36 0.80 0.76 18.04 12.84 -0.15 0.24 49.48 36.67 1.99 35.05

0.40 48.90 2.45 1.98 15.38 21.83 0.82 0.78 14.79 14.74 0.40 0.32 47.17 36.21 1.73 34.97

-0.64 50.99 2.63 2.12 14.14 19.40 0.89 0.84 18.67 14.83 -0.64 0.48 48.70 35.23 2.29 33.66

0.18 50.78 2.49 1.99 14.20 19.81 1.48 1.47 14.92 17.00 0.18 0.52 48.67 36.90 2.11 34.08

16.74 16.71 0.59 15.99 1.99 1.91 13.94 18.61 0.79 0.79 0.61 -1.34 48.21 2.10 1.84 12.00 18.71 0.80 0.79 16.74 17.32 -1.34 0.59 46.24 33.83 1.97 31.19

14.54 18.37 0.62 14.24 1.95 1.92 12.68 19.95 0.72 0.72 0.83 -1.94 45.47 2.12 1.93 10.22 19.82 0.73 0.72 14.54 19.19 -1.94 0.62 43.70 32.66 1.77 31.76

1.19 13.93 0.61 5.07 0.01

1.11 13.27 0.67 5.29 0.01

1.35 11.42 0.76 4.71 0.01

1.20 10.04 0.73 5.67 0.01

1.03 8.65 0.72 6.10 0.01

1.04 8.52 0.75 6.52 0.01

10.71 3.54 0.00

11.07 3.55 0.00

11.24 4.17 0.00

11.28 5.14 0.00

10.51 4.17 0.00

10.74 4.19 0.00

13.82 7.79 7.74 4.86 0.84 0.01

14.27 8.19 7.30 4.41 0.76 0.05

12.63 8.61 7.31 4.30 0.80 0.02

12.21 8.60 8.04 4.55 0.68 0.01

11.24 8.52 7.02 4.03 0.38

11.53 8.67 7.20 4.00 0.37


228


1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 Installed Capacity (GW) 33.63 33.72 33.39 36.45 38.74 39.71 Combustible Fuels 7.35 7.53 7.08 8.72 8.08 7.75 Nuclear 10.06 9.46 9.47 8.98 9.51 9.69 Hydro 16.15 16.53 16.35 16.73 16.00 16.33 Wind 0.07 0.21 0.49 2.02 5.10 5.84 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.10 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 148.35 145.27 158.44 148.56 153.66 162.06 Solid Fuels 2.45 1.71 1.17 1.77 0.59 0.57 Petroleum and Products 3.95 1.53 1.38 1.77 0.30 0.25 Gases 1.34 1.29 1.34 3.78 0.93 1.12 Nuclear 69.94 57.32 72.38 57.83 64.88 56.35 Renewables 70.61 83.18 81.30 82.20 85.85 102.57 Wastes, non-RES 0.07 0.24 0.87 1.21 1.13 1.20 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 3.49 5.10 5.01 4.9 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 10.67 18.53 12.12 13.7 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 6.7 % 12.5 % 7.9 % 8.4 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 132.73 187.20 145.10 151.3 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 7 550.3 7 907.2 8 216.7 7 958.7 7 377.1 7 308.1 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 4 558.8 4 265.0 4 141.7 3 320.2 2 850.5 2 568.4 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 099.5 2 671.3 3 153.9 3 652.9 3 668.2 3 847.6 Final Consumption Biofuels 134.4 376.3 788.3 1 005.0 Biogasoline 127.4 202.3 165.1 133.1 Biodiesel 7.0 174.0 623.2 871.9 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 204.7 163.2 149.5 137.6 122.8 111.3 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5 837.9 5 518.1 5 658.7 5 436.8 4 998.4 4 665.2 Final Electricity per Capita 14 128.9 14 526.4 14 503.6 14 047.9 12 669.0 12 809.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 196.8 157.4 142.7 131.9 117.8 107.0 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 38.9 % 40.7 % 36.8 % 36.6 % 32.0 % 30.1 % of Solid Fuels 95.4 % 98.3 % 97.2 % 102.2 % 94.7 % 92.3 % of Hard Coal 101.6 % 107.7 % 104.3 % 115.2 % 103.9 % 99.5 % of Petroleum Fuels 95.6 % 100.8 % 104.0 % 93.6 % 101.7 % 105.4 % of Crude and NGL 99.3 % 100.6 % 100.4 % 99.0 % 99.4 % 100.7 % of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 40.6 % 47.2 % 52.5 % 53.9 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 51.9 % 60.9 % 68.0 % 68.6 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 50.9 % 56.0 % 63.2 % 65.8 % RES-T – Transport 6.2 % 9.2 % 21.1 % 24.0 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 60.73 56.65 55.88 55.13 45.52 45.51 GHGs Emissions* 75.23 70.65 68.81 66.69 56.13 55.89 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6 888.3 6 393.3 6 201.1 5 902.1 4 719.7 4 669.0 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 156.6 1 127.6 1 056.1 1 045.6 912.0 962.4 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 241.6 189.1 163.8 149.4 116.0 111.4 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

229


5.28 United Kingdom Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 256.46 Solid Fuels 32.07 of which Hard Coal 32.07 Petroleum and Products 135.72 of which Crude and NGL 134.40 Gases 63.72 of which Natural Gas 63.72 Nuclear 22.95 Renewables 1.84 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.16 Net Imports -36.83 Solid Fuels 10.48 of which Hard Coal 10.26 Petroleum and Products -49.35 of which Crude and NGL -43.68 Gases 0.64 of which Natural Gas 0.64 Renewables Electricity 1.40 Gross Inland Consumption 222.25 Solid Fuels 47.18 of which Hard Coal 47.09 Petroleum and Products 83.61 of which Crude and NGL 91.60 Gases 65.12 of which Natural Gas 65.12 Nuclear 22.95 Renewables 1.84 Electricity 1.40 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.16 Primary Energy Consumption 209.76 Available for Final Consumption 157.11 Final Non-Energy Consumption 12.49 Final Energy Consumption 142.65 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 8.22 Petroleum and Products 61.02 Gases 47.14 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.86 Solar 0.01 Geothermal 0.00 Electricity 25.34 Derived heat 0.00 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.06 by Sector Industry 34.87 Transport 47.67 Residential 39.34 Services 16.32 Agriculture and Fishing 1.27 Other 3.18

2000 2005 268.55 204.60 18.66 12.07 18.66 12.07 127.94 87.94 127.81 87.62 97.55 79.40 97.55 79.40 21.94 21.05 2.26 3.49 0.19 0.66 -39.22 31.61 14.45 27.24 14.43 26.71 -45.58 -2.74 -41.82 -0.19 -9.31 5.97 -9.31 5.97 0.42 1.22 0.72 230.56 234.17 36.52 37.91 36.60 37.48 81.03 84.46 87.15 87.23 87.40 85.47 87.40 85.47 21.94 21.05 2.26 3.91 1.22 0.72 0.19 0.66 219.23 222.81 163.83 164.16 11.33 11.37 153.24 152.76

2014 108.16 6.92 6.92 40.92 40.89 33.15 33.15 16.44 9.86 0.86 87.58 26.46 25.90 29.83 19.52 26.99 26.99 2.54 1.77 189.71 30.25 29.83 67.96 60.21 60.07 60.07 16.44 12.36 1.76 0.86 183.05 136.74 6.66 129.62

2015 118.27 5.12 5.12 46.48 46.48 35.66 35.66 18.15 11.84 1.04 72.19 15.57 14.88 26.33 13.78 25.60 25.60 2.89 1.80 190.75 23.80 23.07 69.94 60.26 61.28 61.28 18.15 14.74 1.80 1.04 183.04 139.19 7.71 131.37

5.95 63.67 52.18 0.57 0.01 0.00 28.36 2.44 0.05

4.57 65.85 50.38 0.55 0.03 0.00 30.00 1.27 0.12

4.08 59.53 47.17 2.77 0.04 0.00 28.29 1.27 0.09

4.80 57.23 36.69 3.49 0.05 0.00 26.06 1.16 0.14

4.28 58.02 37.97 3.72 0.05 0.00 26.04 1.15 0.14

36.93 52.90 43.03 16.86 1.15 2.37

33.33 55.49 44.24 16.75 0.94 2.01

26.78 51.49 45.47 17.48 0.92 1.09

25.11 51.13 35.29 16.07 0.94 1.09

24.73 51.77 36.48 16.28 1.02 1.09


230

2010 148.77 10.84 10.84 64.26 64.26 51.47 51.47 16.03 5.71 0.47 60.74 16.06 16.33 10.68 9.39 32.20 32.20 1.57 0.23 212.95 30.92 31.33 72.98 73.86 85.05 85.05 16.03 7.28 0.23 0.47 205.04 151.59 7.91 143.22


1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 70.13 78.39 Combustible Fuels 52.94 61.22 Nuclear 12.76 12.49 Hydro 4.22 4.27 Wind 0.20 0.41 Solar PV 0.00 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.00 Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 334.04 377.07 Solid Fuels 153.84 119.95 Petroleum and Products 17.30 8.45 Gases 65.10 150.43 Nuclear 88.96 85.06 Renewables 8.42 12.66 Wastes, non-RES 0.41 0.52 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 46 974.7 52 154.0 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 23 542.8 23 167.4 Gas/Diesel Oil 15 321.6 17 754.1 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 165.9 147.2 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 835.6 3 922.1 Final Electricity per Capita 5 086.4 5 610.7 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 156.6 140.0 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) -16.4 % -16.9 % of Solid Fuels 22.2 % 39.6 % of Hard Coal 21.8 % 39.4 % of Petroleum Fuels -57.4 % -54.9 % of Crude and NGL -47.7 % -48.0 % of Natural Gas 1.0 % -10.7 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO 2) CO2 Emissions* 577.04 587.68 GHGs Emissions* 765.80 739.77 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9 958.6 9 997.1 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 568.2 2 526.3 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 430.8 375.2

2005 82.38 64.66 11.85 4.29 1.57 0.01

2010 93.75 73.00 10.87 4.39 5.40 0.10

2014 94.71 61.84 9.94 4.47 13.04 5.42

2015 95.21 57.74 9.49 4.50 14.29 9.19

0.00

0.00

0.00

398.36 381.77 338.18 339.10 134.64 107.69 100.23 75.63 5.34 4.95 1.90 2.13 154.34 176.44 102.30 101.12 81.62 62.14 63.75 70.35 19.87 28.97 67.47 86.29 2.56 1.59 2.53 3.58 5.44 6.10 6.32 27.24 23.64 20.32 6.8 % 6.2 % 6.0 % 185.24 155.52 143.25

5.9 19.4 5.7 % 124.2

55 071.6 49 963.4 49 569.3 50 439.3 19 975.2 15 598.0 13 185.1 12 926.1 21 497.1 22 482.8 24 490.6 25 478.2 68.5 1 150.7 1 168.1 932.8 42.7 321.0 413.9 404.3 25.8 829.7 754.2 528.5 130.1 116.2 95.8 94.3 3 891.1 3 406.6 2 948.0 2 940.2 5 797.0 5 262.5 4 708.8 4 668.2 123.8

111.9

92.4

90.5

13.4 % 71.9 % 71.3 % -3.2 % -0.2 % 7.0 %

28.2 % 51.9 % 52.1 % 14.1 % 12.7 % 37.9 %

45.5 % 87.5 % 86.8 % 42.1 % 32.4 % 44.9 %

37.4 % 65.4 % 64.5 % 36.4 % 22.9 % 41.8 %

1.3 % 0.8 % 4.1 % 0.5 %

3.7 % 7.1 % 8.2 % 2.7 % 4.7 % 5.5 % 7.4 % 17.9 % 22.4 % 3.3 % 5.3 % 4.4 %

595.53 536.16 463.22 446.21 724.50 643.93 555.85 536.90 9 895.6 8 577.1 7 198.3 6 877.9 2 521.4 2 485.8 2 406.1 2 309.9 330.9 292.5 233.9 220.5


231

Appendices

Appendices


Summary Appendices Methodology � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 236 Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 236 Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 237 Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 238 Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 239 Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 240 Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 241 Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 242 Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 243 Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 244 Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 245 Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 246

Appendix Glossary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 247 Appendix 12 – Glossary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 247

Appendix Notes� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 257 Appendix 13 – Notes� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 257

Notes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 262

235

Appendices

Appendices Methodology ESTAT – Energy Numeric Code

Belgique/België Bulgaria* Česká republika Danmark Deutschland Eesti Éire/Ireland Elláda España France Hrvatska Italia Kýpros Latvija Lietuva Luxembourg Magyarország Malta Nederland Österreich Polska Portugal România Slovenija Slovensko Suomi/Finland Sverige United Kingdom

ESTAT Partner Code

ISG Short Name, Source Language*

Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Germany Estonia Ireland Greece Spain France Croatia Italy Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom

ISO 3166 Alpha-2 Country Codes

ISG Short Name EN


ISG Protocol Order

Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG) Country Code

Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE GR ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE GB

0012 0068 0061 0008 0004 0053 0007 0009 0042 0001 0092 0005 0600 0055 0054 0022 0064 0085 0003 0038 0060 0040 0066 0091 0063 0032 0030 0006

09 82 22 10 04 85 12 11 15 06 84 07 21 24 25 13 23 27 08 16 87 14 83 86 26 18 17 05

* Latin transliterated. EU Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG): http://publications.europa.eu/code/ Eurostat Website: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ ISO 3166 Country Codes Maintenance Agency: http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm

236


Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN ESTAT Energy Database – EN Indicator B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

Code Primary production Recovered products Imports Stock changes Exports Net imports Final energy consumption Bunkers Gross inland consumption Transformation input Transformation output Exchanges, transfers, returns Consumption in energy sector Distribution losses Energy available for final consumption Final energy consumption Final energy consumption – industry Iron and steel Non-ferrous metals Chemical and petrochemical Non-metallic minerals Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Textile and leather Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Final energy consumption – transport Final energy consumption – rail transport Final energy consumption – road transport Final energy consumption – air transport Final energy consumption – inland navigation Final energy consumption – Residential, commerce, etc. Residential Final energy consumption – agriculture Final energy consumption – services Final energy consumption – fisheries Final energy consumption – other sectors Statistical difference

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

237

Appendices

Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE ESTAT Energy Database – DE Indicator B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

Code Primärerzeugung Wiedergewinnung Gesamteinfuhren Bestandsveränderungen Gesamtausfuhren Nettoeinfuhren Energetischer Endverbrauch Bunker Bruttoinlandsverbrauch Umwandlungseinsatz Umwandlungsausstoß Austausch, Übertragung, Rückläufe Verbrauch des Produktionsbereichs Energie Netzverluste Für den Endverbrauch zur Verfügung stehende Energie Energetischer Endverbrauch Energetischer Endverbrauch der Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Stahlindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der NE-Metallindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der chemischen Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nichtmetallische Mineralstoffe verarbeitenden Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Erzgewinnungsindustrie (mit Ausnahme der Brenn- und Kraftstoffgewinnung) Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nahrungs- und Genussmittelindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Textil-, Lederwaren- und Bekleidungsindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Papier- und Druckindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Holz Energetischer Endverbrauch – Baugewerbe Energetischer Endverbrauch im Verkehrssektor Energetischer Endverbrauch des Bahnverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch des Strassenverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch des Luftverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch der Binnenschifffahrt Energetischer Endverbrauch der Privathaushalte, des Handels usw.. Energetischer Endverbrauch der Privathaushalte Energetischer Endverbrauch der Landwirtschaft Energetischer Endverbrauch des Dienstleistungssektors Energetischer Endverbrauch des Fischereisektors Energetischer Endverbrauch anderer Sektoren Statistische Differenz

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

238


Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR ESTAT Energy Database – FR Indicator B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

Code Production primaire Récupération Importations totales Variations de stocks Exportations totales Importations nettes Consommation finale énergétique Soutes maritimes Consommation intérieure brute Entrées en transformation Sorties de transformation échanges, transferts, restitutions Consommation de la branche énergie Pertes sur les réseaux Disponible pour la consommation finale Consommation finale énergétique Consommation finale énergétique – industrie Consommation finale énergétique – sidérurgie Consommation finale énergétique – métaux non ferreux Consommation finale énergétique – chimie et pétrochimie Consommation finale énergétique – minéraux non métalliques Consommation finale énergétique – extraction Consommation finale énergétique – aliments, boissons Consommation finale énergétique – textile, cuir, habillement Consommation finale énergétique – papier, carton, imprimerie Consommation finale énergétique – bois Consommation finale énergétique – construction Consommation finale énergétique – transports Consommation finale énergétique – transports ferroviaires Consommation finale énergétique – transports routiers Consommation finale énergétique – transports aériens Consommation finale énergétique – navigation intérieure Consommation finale énergétique – foyers, etc. Consommation finale énergétique – ménages Consommation finale énergétique – agriculture Consommation finale énergétique – services Consommation finale énergétique – pêche Consommation finale énergétique – autres écart statistique

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ ramon/

239

Appendices

Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN ESTAT Energy Database – EN Indicator 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 5100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

Code All products Solid fuels Hard coal and derivatives Hard coal Patent fuels Coke Lignite and derivatives Total petroleum and products Crude oil and feedstocks Crude oil Crude oil and NGL Feedstocks All petroleum product LPG Motor spirit Motor gasoline, unleaded motor spirit Kerosenes – jet fuels Naphtha Gas / diesel oil Residual fuel oil Gas Natural gas Derived gas Nuclear power Derived heat Renewable energies Hydro power Wind energy Solar energy Tide/wave/ocean energy Biomass and wastes Wood and wood waste Biogas Municipal solid wastes – RES Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Geothermal energy Electrical energy Industrial waste

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

240


Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE ESTAT Energy Database – DE Indicator 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 4100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

Code Alle produkte Feste Brennstoffe Steinkohle und Nebenprodukte Steinkohle Steinkohlebriketts Koks Braunkohle und Nebenprodukte Rohöl und Mineralölerzeugnisse Rohöl und Feedstocks Rohöl Rohöl und Erdgaskondensate Feedstocks Alle Mineralölerzeugnisse Flüssiggas Motorenbenzin Unverbleites Benzin Petroleum und Flugturbinenkraftstoffe Rohbenzin Dieselkraftstoffe und Destillatheizöle Rückstandsheizöle Gas Naturgas Abgeleitete Gase Kernenergie Abgeleitete Wärme Erneuerbare Energien Wasserkraftenergie Windenergie Sonnenenergie Gezeiten-/Wellen-/Meeresenergie Biomasse und Abfälle Holz und Holzabfälle Biogas Hausmüll Erneuerbare Biotreibstoff Biobenzin Biodiesel Geothermische Energie Elektrizität Industrieabfälle

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

241

Appendices

Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR ESTAT Energy Database – FR Indicator 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 5100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

Code Tous produits Combustibles solides Houille et dérivés solides Houille Agglomérés de houille Coke Lignite et dérivés Pétrole brut et produits pétroliers Pétrole brut et feedstocks Pétrole brut Pétrole brut et liquides de gaz naturel Feedstocks Tous produits pétroliers GPL Essences moteurs Essences sans plomb Pétrole lampant et carburéacteurs Naphta Gasoil et fuel oil fluide Fuel oil résiduel Gaz Gaz naturel Gaz dérivés énergie nucléaire Chaleur dérivée énergies renouvelables Hydro-électricité énergie éolienne énergie solaire Énergie hydrocinétique/houlomotrice/marémotrice Biomasse/déchets Bois – déchets de bois Biogaz Déchets urbains solides renouvelables Biocarburants Bioessence Biodiesel énergie géothermique énergie électrique Déchets industriels

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ ramon/

242


Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations % € 0 bbl bcm Blank CHP CO2 DG EEA equiv. ESTAT GCV GDP GHG GJ IEA k kgoe ktoe kton kWh LPG M€ '2010 m3 Mio MS MSW Mtoe MW MWh NCV NGL p/cap PJ PV RES RES-E RES-H&C RES-T SI Units TJ toe ton TPES TWh UNFCCC VAT

per cent euro zero or figure less than half of the unit represented barrel billion cubic meters data not available combined heat & power carbon dioxide Directorate-General of the European Commission European Environment Agency equivalent Eurostat, Statistical Office of the European Union gross calorific value gross domestic product greenhouse gas gigajoule International Energy Agency thousand kilogram of oil equivalent kiloton of oil equivalent kiloton kilowatt hour liquefied petroleum gas millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, reference year 2010, at 2010 exchange rates cubic meter million European Union Member State municipal solid waste million ton of oil equivalent megawatt megawatt hour net calorific value natural gas liquid per capita petajoule photovoltaic renewable energy renewable energy – electricity generation renewable energy – heating and cooling renewable energy – transport International System of Units terajoule ton of oil equivalent metric ton, metric tonne, mt Total Primary Energy Supply terawatt hour United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change value added tax

243

Appendices

Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes Standard Prefixes for the SI Units of Measure 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 6 10 9 10 12 10 15 10 18 10 21 10 24

244

Multiple deca (da) hecto (h) kilo (k) mega (M) giga (G) tera (T) peta (P) exa (E) zetta (Z) yotta (Y)

10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9 10 -12 10 -15 10 -18 10 -21 10 -24

Sub-Multiple deci (d) centi (c) milli (m) micro (µ) nano (n) pico (p) femto (f) atto (a) zepto (z) yocto (y)


Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors ENERGY

TO:

TJ

Gcal

Mtoe

GWh

238.8

2.388 x 10 -5

0.2778

1

1 x 10 -7

1.163 x 10 -3

1 x 10 7

1

11 630

860

8.6 x 10 -5

1

bbl

gal US

gal UK

1

0.6290 x 10 -2

0.2642

0.2200

158.99

1

42

34.9723

Multiply by FROM:

Terajoule (TJ)

1

Gigacalorie (Gcal) 4.1868 x 10 Million ton of oil 4 equivalent (Mtoe) 4.1868 x 10 Gigawatt-hour GWh 3.6

-3

VOLUME

TO:

l Multiply by

FROM:

Litre (l) Barrel (bbl) US gallon (gal US)

3.7854

0.2381 x 10 -1

1

0.8327

UK gallon (gal UK)

4.5461

0.2859 x 10 -1

1.2009

1

t

lt

st

Mass

TO:

FROM:

Multiply by Ton, Tonne (t)

1

0.9842

1.1023

Long ton (lt) UK

1.0160

1

1.1200

Short ton (st) US

0.9072

0.8929

1

245

Appendices

Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values Energy Content Hard Coal Recovered Hard Coal Patent Fuels Hard Coke Brown Coal Black Lignite Peat Brown Coal Briquettes Tar Benzol Oil Equivalent Crude Oil Feedstocks Refinery Gas LPG Motor Spirit Kerosenes, Jet Fuel Naphtha Gas Diesel Oil Residual Fuel Oil White Spirit Lubricants Bitumen Petroleum Cokes Other Petro. Products Electrical Energy

246

1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kWh

kJ (NCV) 17 200 – 30 700 13 800 – 28 300 26 800 – 31 400 28 500 5 600 – 10 500 10 500 – 21 000 7 800 – 13 800 20 000 37 700 39 500 41 868 41 600 – 42 800 42 500 50 000 46 000 44 000 43 000 44 000 42 300 40 000 44 000 42 300 37 700 31 400 30 000 3 600

kgoe (NCV) 0.411 – 0.733 0.330 – 0.676 0.640 – 0.750 0.681 0.134 – 0.251 0.251 – 0.502 0.186 – 0.330 0.478 0.900 0.943 1 0.994 – 1.022 1.015 1.194 1.099 1.051 1.027 1.051 1.010 0.955 1.051 1.010 0.900 0.750 0.717 0.086


Appendix Glossary Appendix 12 – Glossary In parenthesis EUROSTAT Energy database/EUROBASE, (Energy section) codes for products (p:) and indicators (B_), as of May 2017. All Fuels The code ‘all fuels’, (p: 0000), covers all energy products. These consist of hard coal and derivatives, lignite and derivatives, peat and derivatives, oil shale and oil sands, petroleum (crude oil) and petroleum products (such as LPG, refinery gas, motor spirit, kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil), natural gas, manufactured gases, derived heat, renewable energies (such as hydro power, wind energy, biomass, wastes, geothermal energy), electrical energy and nuclear power. Annual Installed Capacity Annual installed or new installed capacity of a given source refers to the capacity entering in operation, during a year period. Autoproducer Thermal Power Stations Autoproducer thermal power stations are defined as undertakings which generate electricity wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. Available for Final Consumption (Energy) Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: gross inland consumption (B_100900) + transformation output (B_101100) - transformation input (B_101000) + exchanges, transfers, returns (B_101200) - consumption of the energy sector (B_101300) - distribution losses (B_101400). Biofuels Liquid or gaseous fuels used primarily for transport, produced from biomass, and wastes (p:5545). Liquid biofuels cover bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass), biodiesel (diesel produced from biomass or used fried oil), bio methanol, bio-dimethylether and bio-oil (a pyrolysis oil fuel produced from biomass). The code biofuels (p:5545), groups biogasoline (p:5546), biodiesel (p:5547), bio jet kerosene (p:5549) and other liquid biofuels (p:5548).

247

Appendices

Biomass and RES Wastes Biomass and RES wastes (p: 5540), covers organic, non-fossil material of biological origin, which may be used for heat production or electricity generation. They comprise wood and wood waste (p: 5541), biogas (p: 5542), municipal RES solid waste (p:55431), charcoal (p:5544) and biofuels (p: 5545). The non-renewable part of municipal waste (p: 55432) and the industrial waste (p:7100) are included in Wastes non-RES (p:7200). Capacity Factor – Annual Average It is a measure of efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of actual energy output of a source against its annual maximum potential output, or in other words, to the energy it would produce if operated at full rated power for 24 hours per day during a year. It is equal to the total annual energy production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to average statistical year base. Carbon Energy Intensity This is the average emission rate of CO2 relative to the intensity of the energy activity. It is calculated, in the tables, in kg CO2 emissions per ton of oil equivalent of energy used. Carbon GDP Intensity This represents the average emission rate of CO2 emissions of an economy relative to its GDP. CHP – Combined Heat and Power A combined heat and power unit is an installation in which energy released from fuel combustion is partly used for generating electrical energy and partly for supplying heat for various purposes. The definition of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) or ‘cogeneration’ implies that heat and electricity are produced simultaneously in one process. CO2 Energy Intensity Vide Carbon Energy Intensity. Conventional Thermal Power It is a technology for the production of electricity by fuel combustion. It will include biomass use, which is also considered a renewable source of electricity. Thermal power stations cover conventional public utility power stations for the production of electricity and heat, as well as in auto-producer power stations for the generation of electricity and heat sold to third parties only. Cumulative Installed Capacity This represents the running sum for consecutive periods of a given installed source. It indicates the total capacity availability in each of those periods.

248


Electricity Mix The electricity mix is the proportion of different sources in electricity production. While energy mix is measured at gross inland consumption level, electricity mix is measured at energy transformation level. Energy Available for Final Consumption Energy available for final consumption, (B_101500), covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: gross inland consumption + transformation output - transformation input + exchanges, transfers, returns - consumption of the energy sector distribution losses. It includes final non energy consumption, (B_101600). Energy Import Dependency Energy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon imports in order to meet its energy needs. It is calculated using the following formula: net imports (B_100300–B_100500)/(gross inland consumption (B_100900) + bunkers (B_100800)). Energy Intensity Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is being used to produce added value. It is defined as the ratio of gross inland consumption of energy (B_100900), to gross domestic product. Energy Mix The energy mix is the proportion of different sources in energy production, supply side, at gross inland consumption level. Energy Sector Broad Definition It includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector as well as the energy commodities production activities, mining and extraction, support activities and manufacture of energy products. Energy Sector Narrow Definition It includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector. EUROBASE The Eurostat, web based, dissemination database contains the full range of publically available data from Eurostat. Final Energy Consumption (FEC) Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses, (B_101700). It excludes deliveries to the energy transformation sector (B_101000…) and to the energy industries themselves (B_101300…). It is the sum of final energy consumption by industry (B_101800), transport (B_101900), household (B_102010), services (B_102035), agriculture/forestry (B_102030), fishing (B_102020) and other unspecified (B_102040). 249

Appendices

Final Energy Consumption – Transport Final energy consumption – transport, (B_101900), covers the consumption in all types of transportation, i.e., rail, road, air transport and inland navigation. Final Non-Energy Consumption (FNEC) Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products for nonenergy purposes (B_101600). It is the sum of final non-energy consumption in the chemical industry, (B_101601) and in non-chemical industries (B_101602). Gases, Gaseous Fuels Gases covers fossil natural gas and derived gases, coke oven gas (p:4210), blast furnace gas (p:4220), gas work gas (p:4230), and oxygen steel furnace gas (p:4240). Gases (p:4000) is the sum of natural gas (p:4100) and derived gases (p:4200). GDP – Gross Domestic Product The gross domestic product is the value of the output of all goods and services produced within the borders of a country. The income measure of gross domestic product (GDP) is derived as compensation of employees plus gross operating surplus plus gross mixed incomes plus taxes less subsidies on both production and imports. GDP at Constant Market Prices GDP values, used, were referenced to year 2010, in millions of euro, chainlinked volumes, at 2010 exchange rates. GHG – Green Houses Gases GHG includes gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect. The Kyoto Protocol covers a basket of six greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by human activities: Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride. Gross Calorific Value (GCV) The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. Gross Electricity Generation The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included.

250


Gross Electricity Generation Penetration Level Electricity penetration level refers to the fraction of gross electricity production of a source, compared with the total gross electricity generation, all sources. Gross Final Consumption of Energy Gross final consumption of energy means the energy commodities delivered for energy purposes, including the consumption of electricity and heat, by the energy branch for electricity and heat production including losses of electricity and heat in distribution. It excludes the final non energy use (FNEC). The gross (overall) final consumption of energy from renewable sources is calculated as the sum of: (a) gross final consumption of electricity from renewable energy sources; (b) gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources for heating and cooling; and (c) final consumption of energy from renewable sources in transport. Gross Heat Produced It is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary energy form. For auto-producers, the heat used by the undertaking for its own processes is not included here. Only heat sold to third parties should be reported. Gross Inland Consumption (GIC) Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration, (B_100900). It is calculated using the following formula: indigenous production (B_100100) + primary product receipts (B_100110)+ recovered products from other sources (B_100200)+ recycled products (B_100210) + imports (B_100300) + stock changes (B_100400) - exports (B_100500) - international marine bunkers (B_100800). Gross Installed (Electricity) Capacity This covers the gross installed electrical capacity of thermal, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, wind and any other types of power plants. ISIC The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities is a United Nations system for classifying economic activity data, in the fields of production, employment, gross domestic product and other statistical areas. ISG The Inter-institutional style guide is intended to serve as a reference tool for written works for all European Union institutions, bodies and organisations, representing an achievement in linguistic harmonisation.

251

Appendices

Inhabitants This represents the group of persons fulfilling the requirements for legal permanent residency in a region/country. LFS The EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a large sample survey among private residential which provides detailed annual and quarterly data on: employment, unemployment and inactivity. The LFS is an important source of information about the situation and trends in the EU labour market, with a sample size is about 1.5 million people every quarter. The data can be broken down along many dimensions including age, sex, educational attainment, and distinctions between permanent/temporary and full-time/part-time employment. In terms of employment figures are more representative of the total sector, but unfortunately not so disaggregated as the SBS survey. Long Scale – Short Scale The long and short scales are two of several different large-number naming systems used for integer powers of ten. Many countries, including most in continental Europe, use the long scale whereas most English-speaking countries and Arabic-speaking countries use the short scale. In the long scale every new term greater than a million is a million times the previous term. Thus, billion means a million millions, trillion means a million billions, and so on. In the short scale every new term greater than million is 1 000 times the previous term. Thus, billion means a thousand millions, trillion means a thousand billions. Name

Long Scale Value in Scientific notation

Short Scale Value in Scientific notation

million

10 6

10 6

billion

10

12

10 9

trillion

10

18

10 12

to the next:

to the next:

multiply by 1 000 000

multiply by 1 000

Milliard, is used in several languages that use the long scale to represent a corresponding value to billions in short scale, i.e. 10 9.

NACE NACE is the acronym used to designate the various statistical classifications of economic activities developed since 1970 in the European Union. It provides the framework for collecting and presenting a large range of statistical data according to economic activity in the fields of economic statistics (e.g. production, employment, national accounts) and in other statistical domains.

252


Net Calorific Value (NCV) The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity does not include the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel nor of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. Net Imports Net import is calculated as the difference between imports (B_100300) and exports (B_100500). Net Electricity Generation It is the amount of gross generation a generator produces less the electricity used to operate the plant. Petroleum and Products Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products include crude oil (p: 3105), natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstocks (p:3190) and all petroleum sub-products such as LPG (p:3220), refinery gas (p:3210), motor gasoline (p:3234) aviation gasoline (p:3235), kerosene and jet fuels (p:3240), naphtha (p:3250), gas/diesel oil (p:3260), residual fuel oil (p:3270A), white spirit, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum coke (p:3280) and other petroleum products (p:3295). Petroleum and petroleum products (p:3000) is the sum of Crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, and other hydrocarbon (p:3100) and all petroleum sub-products (p:3200). Primary Energy Consumption Primary energy corresponds to the gross inland consumption minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption. Primary energy intensity Primary energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which primary energy consumption produces added value. It is defined as the ratio of primary energy consumption to gross domestic product. Primary Energy Production – Indigenous production Any kind of extraction of energy products from natural sources to a usable form is called primary production. Primary production takes place when the natural sources are exploited, for example in coal mines, crude oil fields, hydro power plants or fabrication of biofuels. Transformation of energy from one form to another, such as electricity or heat generation in thermal power plants, or coke production in coke ovens, is not included in primary production (B_100100).

253

Appendices

The precise definition depends on the fuel involved: > Solid fossil fuels: Hard coal, lignite, peat… Quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any operation for removal of inert matter. In general, production includes the quantities consumed by the producer during the production as well as any quantities supplied to other on-site producers of energy for transformation or other uses. > Liquid fossil fuels: Petroleum and petroleum sub products Quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boundaries, including off-shore production. Production includes only marketable production, and excludes any quantities returned to formation. Production includes all crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), condensates and oil from shale and tar sands, etc. > Gas fossil fuels: Natural gas and derived gas Quantities of dry gas, measured after purification and extraction of natural gas liquids and sulphur. The production includes only marketable production, and excludes any quantities re-injected, vented and flared, and any extraction losses. The production includes all quantities used within the natural gas industry, in gas extraction, pipeline systems and processing plants. > Nuclear heat Quantities of heat produced in a reactor. Production is the actual heat produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant. > Renewable energy > Hydropower, Wind energy, Solar thermal, Solar photovoltaic energy... Quantities of electricity generated. Production is calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and a conversion factor of 3 600 kJ/kWh. > Geothermal energy Quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids. Production is calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid disposed of via the re-injection borehole. > Biomass/Wastes In the case of municipal solid wastes (MSW), wood, wood wastes and other solid wastes, production is the heat produced after combustion and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In the case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the heat content (NCV) of the biogases produced. The production includes all quantities of gas consumed in the installation for the fermentation processes, and excludes all quantities of flared gases. In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel .In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel.

254


Pumping, pumped storage Method for storing electrical energy at hydroelectric installations by pumping water between reservoirs at different altitudes. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Vide Primary Energy Production. Public Supply Thermal Power Stations Are defined as undertakings which generate electricity (and heat) for sale to third parties as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Solar Energy Solar radiation exploited for hot water production - solar thermal (p:5532) and electricity generation – solar photovoltaic (p:5534). This energy production (p:5530), is the heat available to the heat transfer medium, i.e. the incident solar energy less the optical and collectors’ losses. Solid Fuels Solid fuels cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal (p: 2111), coal patent fuels (p: 2112), coke (p: 2120), coal tar (p: 2130), lignite (p: 2210), browncoal briquettes and peat briquettes (p: 2230) and peat (p: 2310). Solid fuels (p: 2000) is the sum of the codes hard coal and derivatives (p: 2100) and lignite and derivatives (p: 2200). SBS Structural business statistics cover industry, construction, trade and services. Presented according to the NACE activity classification, they describe the structure, conduct and performance of businesses across the European Union. Tonne of Oil Equivalent (toe) The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for measuring energy, defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net calorific value of 41 868 kilojoules/kg. TPES Total primary energy supply, an IEA definition, represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration. It corresponds to EUROSTAT gross inland consumption. It is equal to the indigenous production + imports - exports - international marine bunkers +/- stock changes.

255

Appendices

Transformation input Covers all inputs into the transformation plants destined to be converted into derived products, (B_101000). Transformation is only recorded when the energy products are physically or chemically modified to produce other energy products, electricity and/or heat. It is the sum of the Input to conventional thermal power stations (B_101001), Input to nuclear power stations (B_101002), Input to patent fuel and briquetting plants (B_101003), Input to coke-oven plants (B_101004), Input to blast furnace plants (B_101006), Input to gas-works (B_101007), Input to refineries (B_101008), Input to district heating plants and (B_ 101009). Transformation output It is the result of the transformation process of energy, (B_101100). This output covers derived products, namely: patent fuel, coke, brown-coal and peat briquettes, pitch, tar, benzol, refined petroleum products, derived gases, electricity from conventional thermal and nuclear power stations and derived heat. Transformation output refers always to gross production of derived products, i.e. the own consumption of the transformation plants is included. It is the sum of the Output from conventional thermal power stations (B_101101), Output from nuclear power stations (B_101102), Output from patent fuel and briquetting plants (B_101103), Output from coke-oven plants (B_101104), Output from blast furnace plants (B_101106), Output from gas-works (B_101107), Output from refineries (B_101108) and Output from district heating plants (B_101109). Transformation Losses The difference between transformation input and transformation output constitutes transformation losses. Turnover Or Gross Premium Written comprises the totals invoiced by the observation unit during the reference period, and this corresponds to market sales of goods or services supplied to third parties. Unemployment Rate The unemployment rate represents unemployed persons as a percentage of the active population.

256


Appendix Notes Appendix 13 – Notes Appendix 13.1 1.1.1, 1.1.2 pages 10, 11 Energy production corresponds to the indigenous energy production (IEA methodology). It does not include production from other sources. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.2, 1.1.4, 1.1.6, 1.1.8, pages 11, 13, 15 and 17 Solid fuels, includes hard coal, lignite and peat, as well as derived fuels. Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products comprises crude oil, NGL, feedstock, additives as well as other hydrocarbons. RES (renewables) is equal to the sum of hydro, geothermal, solar PV, solar thermal, tide, wind, municipal waste, primary solid biofuels, biogases, bio gasoline, biodiesel, other liquid biofuels, non-specified biofuels and charcoal energy. Industrial waste not included. 1.1.3, 1.1.4, pages 12, 13 Gross inland consumption, EUROSTAT methodology (see glossary), corresponds to the Total primary energy supply (see glossary TPES), of the IEA methodology. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.5, 1.1.6, pages 14, 15 Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.8, page 17 It is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges. However only autoproducers heat sold to third parties is here included. Autoproducers heat, used by the undertaking for their own processes, is excluded. 1.1.10, page 19 CO2 Intensity refers to CO2 emissions activity intensity, measured by its energy gross inland consumption. 1.2.5, page 25 Natural gas, crude oil and solid fuels (p:4100, p:3105 and p:2000). 1.3.1, page 27 Overall RES share, measured against the total gross final energy consumption.

257

Appendices

Appendix 13.2 2.1.1, pages 35-37 Production comprises primary production and products recovered from other sources, (B_100100 + B_100110+ B_100200+ B_100210). 2.1.2, pages 38-40 Net imports correspond to the total imports minus the total exports, (B_100300 – B_100500). 2.1.3, pages 41-44 Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration, (B_100900). 2.2.1, pages 45-49 Solid fuels, (p:2000), cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal, coal patent fuels, coke, coal tar, lignite, brown-coal briquettes, peat briquettes, peat and oil sands. Hard coal, (p:2111), comprises, only, coking coal and steam coal. 2.2.2, pages 50-54 Total Petroleum and sub-petroleum products, (p:3000), include crude oil (p: 3105), natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstock (p:3190) and all petroleum sub-products. Crude oil and NGL (p:3110) is a subgroup containing only crude oil (p: 3105) and natural gas liquids (p:3106) codes. 2.2.3, pages 55-58 Gases, (p:4000), include natural gas (p:4100) and derived gases (p:4200). 2.2.5, pages 63-65 For products see former points 2.2.1 to 2.2.3. 2.3, pages 66-72 See, glossary energy import dependency, appendix 12. Please note that hard coal dependency is a part of the solid fuels dependency, natural gas, of the gases dependency, and crude and NGL of the total petroleum and petroleum sub-products dependency. The total import dependency – covers all fuels, and it is not a simple average of the upper mentioned products. 2.5.1, page 79 Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. It includes final non energy consumption. 2.5.2, pages 80-83 Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses. It does not include final non-energy consumption.

258


2.5.3, page 84 Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products in nonenergy purposes. 2.5.4, page 85 Primary energy intensity corresponds to the gross inland consumption minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption, (B_100900B_101600). 2.6.1, pages 86-88 Installed capacity represents the maximum active power that can be supplied, continuously, with all systems running. Please note that combustible fuels include not only fossil fuels, as well as biomass and wastes, that are later included, also, in the renewables installed capacity. 2.6.2, pages 89-93 The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included. 2.7.1, pages 95-96 The share of the solar and wind energy is measured against to total installed capacity, all sources. 2.7.2-2.7.8, pages 97-105 Wind and solar energy generated by all producers. Annual installed capacity includes new installations and replacement of former wind or solar systems. 2.7.3, 2.7.4, pages 100-101 Gross electricity production wind share measures the percentage of wind produced electricity in the total production. Average capacity factor it is the ratio of actual energy output of wind sources against its annual maximum potential output. It is equal to the total annual electricity production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to an average statistical year base. 2.7.8, page 105 Gross electricity production solar share measures the percentage of solar produced electricity in the total production. 2.8, pages 106-108 The data collection for CHP generation is not based in the annual Heat survey, but instead in a specific survey in accordance with the Community Directive 2004/8/EC. Differences can appear between the two datasets, especially due to the more restrictive methodology employed in the CHP Directive. 259

Appendices

While the Directive includes the production of all heat, sold to third parties, under the Directive approach only heat/electricity obeying high-efficiency criteria, is considered. However own heat used by the undertaking for its own processes, is here included. 2.9, pages 109-111 Data is generated by the annual heat survey. Heat, in these tables, include the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary energy form. Only heat sold to third parties is here reported. 2.10, pages 112-114 The tables include the total final energy consumption of petroleum products, and two of its main products: motor gasoline (p:3234), and gas diesel (p:3260), and the total final energy consumption of biofuels (p:5545), and its two main products: biogasoline (p:5546) and biodiesel (p:5547). 2.11.1, page 115 Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is being used (GIC) to produce an added value (GDP). 2.11.4, page 118 Primary energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which primary energy is being used (GIC-FNEC) to produce an added value (GDP). 2.13, pages 123-129 All available price data has been used in the calculation of EU-wide fuel price averages. The overall EU price is an average of the prices in the individual countries weighted by their consumption. Petroleum Products Heating gasoil, low sulphur fuel oil, unleaded petrol and automotive diesel prices are supplied to Energy DG by the Member States as those being the most frequently encountered for the specific categories of sales. The prices given are as of January 15th in each year. The heating gasoil prices given are for deliveries of between 2 000 and 5 000 litres while those for low sulphur fuel oil are for monthly deliveries of less than 2 000 tonnes or annual deliveries of less than 24 000 tonnes. The average pump prices are given for motor fuels. The EU average prices are calculated by weighting the prices from each country by the corresponding final energy consumption. Electricity and gas The legal basis for the collection of industrial gas and electricity prices is defined by EC Directive 2008/92/EC. The collection of prices includes national average prices of the last 6 months reported by different consumer bands. All taxes are included in the current prices.

260


Consumption bands have been selected as the most representative for the exercise. Appendix 13.3 3.1.1, page 134 Energy activities sector in its broad and narrow definition (sector d35), as defined by EUROSTAT/NACE and UN/SIC nomenclatures. 3.2, pages 135-137 Data from the LFS survey. At employment level, this dataset presents larger figures than the SBS, due to the difference of methodology, and its sample size. 3.3, pages 138-149 Includes data on number of enterprises, turnover, and persons declared as employed, as originated from the SBS survey that targets especially enterprises business. At employment level is more disaggregated but less complete than the LFS survey. 3.4, pages 150-154 Data is extracted from DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO database. Differences mainly due to data freshness, constant revisions, and methodology can appear when comparing with Eurostat economic data. Appendix 13.4 4.1.1, pages 158-162 GHG, greenhouse gases, are gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect. GHG emissions aggregate includes Fuel combustion emissions and other non-fuel linked emissions (Industrial processes, agriculture, etc.). Fuel combustion emissions include combustion in Energy industries, Manufacturing Industries and construction, Transport, Commercial and Institutional, Residential, Agriculture, Forestry/Fisheries and other combustion and fugitive emissions. 4.1.2 pages 163-167 Structure of emissions similar to the GHG emissions. 4.2.2 page 169 Carbon GDP intensity is the average emission rate of CO2 relative to the total intensity of the economic activity, measured by its GDP. Appendix 13.5 For products see appendices 5-7 and glossary appendix 12. For indicators see appendices 2-4 and glossary appendix 12. For units see appendices 8-11.

261


Notes

262


263


264

Getting in touch with the EU In person All over the European Union there are hundreds of Europe Direct Information Centres. You can find the address of the centre nearest you at: europa.eu/contact On the phone or by e-mail Europe Direct is a service that answers your questions about the European Union. You can contact this service by freephone: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (certain operators may charge for these calls), or at the following standard number: +32 22999696, or by electronic mail: europa.eu/contact

Finding information about the EU: Online Information about the European Union in all the official languages of the EU is available on the Europa website at: europa.eu EU Publications You can download or order free and priced EU publications from EU Bookshop at: bookshop.europa.eu. Multiple copies of free publications may be obtained by contacting Europe Direct or your local information centre: europa.eu/contact EU law and related documents For access to legal information from the EU, including all EU law since 1951 in all the official language versions, go to EUR-Lex at: eur-lex.europa.eu Open data from the EU The EU Open Data Portal (data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data) provides access to datasets from the EU. Data can be downloaded and reused for free, both for commercial and non-commercial purposes.

MJ-AB-17-001-EN-N

http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/ energy-statistical-pocketbook

ISBN 978-92-79-70449-9 doi:10.2833/80717