europe in search of europeans - Institut Jacques Delors
tion is a red herring; there are no such things as strictly ârationalâ myths. .... intellectuals such as George Orwell, Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein, Lord. Acton ...
EUROPE IN SEARCH OF EUROPEANS THE ROAD OF IDENTITY AND MYTH Gérard Bouchard
STU
DIE S
& RE
POR
113
TS
DEC
EMB
ER 2
0 16
Foreword by Pascal Lamy
EUROPE IN SEARCH OF EUROPEANS
THE ROAD OF IDENTITY AND MYTH Gérard Bouchard Foreword by Pascal Lamy
EUROPE IN SEARCH OF EUROPEANS THE ROAD OF IDENTITY AND MYTH
TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD by Pascal Lamy
4
SUMMARY
6
INTRODUCTION
8
1. The concept of symbolic foundation
10
1.1. Myth
12
1.2. Identity
14
2. The founding choices of the European Union revisited
15
2.1. The founding choices
15
2.2. A critical view
18
2.3. The EU against the nations?
21
3. Building a European symbolic foundation
25
3.1. European myths: recent proposals… and failures
25
3.2. The ill-fated search for a European identity
28
3.3. Is there a future for European myths?
32
4. Reconciling the EU with the nations
36
5. A n alternative scenario: the europeanization of national myths
42
5.1. The europeanization of national myths
42
5.2. One European voice, various national echoes
44
CONCLUSION
46
REFERENCES
49
ON THE SAME THEMES…
56
AUTHOR
57
EUROPE IN SEARCH OF EUROPEANS THE ROAD OF IDENTITY AND MYTH
FOREWORD
by Pascal Lamy
erhaps we at the Jacques Delors Institute, which at the time was called “Notre Europe”, had realised earlier than others that the dream of the founding fathers of the 1950s would not come true, at least not as they had envisaged it. They had placed too much hope on alchemy, as if the leaden process of economic integration based on enlightened self-interest could magically be transformed into the golden promise of a political union that would give rise to a European demos.
P
The apocryphal quip often attributed to Monnet needs to be placed in that context. “If I had to do it again, I would begin with culture.” Se non è vero è ben trovato! For until now, an essential ingredient of European integration has been missing: a symbolic and cultural dimension capable of consolidating a sense of belonging. There is, to use the simultaneously grand and technical terms employed by the social sciences, an emotional deficit that originates in a lack of fictional powers. This insight provided the starting point for a research project begun in the early 2000s by Aziliz Gouez and continued by Gérard Bouchard and others. Bouchard presents some of the results of this work in the present study. Drawing on anthropological approaches, he sheds light on the difficult question of European identity or rather, the identity of Europeans. It is often in the border regions or “limes” where many influences intersect that cultural mores and habits but also the dreams and nightmares of Europeans take shape. I entirely agree with Bouchard’s emphatic call for a myth that would rouse the imagination of Europeans, bringing together reason and emotion to rally public opinion behind the project of European unification. With some aspects 4
EUROPE IN SEARCH OF EUROPEANS THE ROAD OF IDENTITY AND MYTH
of his argument, however, I would not concur. In his description of the founding “mythology” of Europe, he overemphasises the importance of anti-national discourse. In my opinion, it was above all the anti-war story that focused minds at the time. But the principal merit of
and the University of Antwerp, Social affairs adviser at the Jacques Delors .... Convergence, well-being and equality: how to define a 'Social Triple A' Europe? 7.
The EU should stimulate and support the member states to develop policy ... Convergence, well-being and equality: how to define a 'Social Triple A' Europe? 7.
Oct 4, 2016 - asking me to contribute to this cycle on the ethics of economic ... a universal moral law leads to two major schools: the .... to the new world, in which most obstacles to trade ... Lastly, the fifth reason is that in the near future,.
Jan 22, 2018 - sea who spark emotion. Boats give an ... job to restrict migrants. Southern ... A European task force must be created to deal with this aspect.
... time. The Sarre region being one ... At the same time, the conference urged the other European institutions to adopt it in their turn in order to avoid appearing to call into question the complementarity, solidarity and sentiment of unity in demo
Jul 6, 2017 - on Trade and Investment Policy. With its attractive ... the EU's policy of openness exposes European interests to .... timing of the control procedures (before the invest- ... Directive and the 2016 Directive on Network Security.
... militarily without relying solely on our. American ally. We are European, even when we lament that our endless crises of co-owners sap so much of our energy,.
