facts and figures - Universities UK

HIGHER EDUCATION IN

FACTS AND FIGURES 2016

2

HIGHLIGHTS

Facts and figures 2016

22% of 18-year-olds from the areas of lowest higher education participation in England have applied to university in 2016 as compared to 12% ten years ago.

In 2014–15, £1.25 billion worth of income for institutions came from collaborative research.

13% of undergraduate students, 38% of postgraduate students and 28% of academic staff are from outside the UK.

16% of research and development funding received by UK universities in 2014–15 came from overseas sources – the majority (£0.8 billion) from within the EU.

In 2015, the unemployment rate of graduates was half that of non-graduates (3.1% versus 6.4%).

For further information: Tel: +44 (0)20 7419 4111 Visit: www.universitiesuk.ac.uk Email: [email protected]

STUDENTS

18-year-old application rates to full-time first degree study in the UK, 2006 to 2016 Application rates to full-time first degree study for the most disadvantaged 18-year-olds, 2006 to 2016

5 6

7

Full-time and part-time higher education students by level of study at UK higher education providers, 2014–15

8

Higher education students by domicile and level of study, 2014–15

9

Students by subject area at UK higher education providers, 2014–15

10

Income from non-EU domiciled students and non-EU domiciled student numbers, 2003–04 to 2014–15

14

National Student Survey, 2008 to 2016

15

Qualifications awarded at UK higher education providers, 2014–15

16

Destinations of leavers by level of qualification, 2014–15

17

Unemployment rates and median salaries in the UK by group (2015)

18

STAFF Staff by nationality and contract level, 2014–15

19

Qualifications obtained by subject area, 2014–15 11

Academic staff in UK higher education providers by nationality and sex, 2014–15

20

Home country of international students at UK higher education providers, 2014–15

Staff salaries at UK higher education providers, 2014–15

21

12

Home country of European Economic Area students at UK higher education providers, 2014–15 13


Students at higher education providers in the UK by country of provider, 2013–14 to 2014–15

3

4

FINANCE

ANNEXE


Public expenditure on higher education as a percentage of GDP (2012)

22

Income and size of UK higher education providers, 2013–14 and 2014–15

23

Income and expenditure of UK higher education providers, 2014–15

24

RESEARCH AND INNOVATION Knowledge exchange income by type of activity for higher education providers, 2005–06 to 2014–15

25

Research and development funding received by UK higher education providers, 2014–15

26

Government-financed gross domestic expenditure on research and development as a proportion of GDP, 2007 to 2014

27

Glossary

28

Sources

30

STUDENTS AT HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS IN THE UK BY COUNTRY OF PROVIDER, 2013–14 TO 2014–15

Scotland 232,570 TOTAL +2.4% FULL-TIME -3.8% PART-TIME 19 PROVIDERS

0.8%

Northern Ireland

Students

In 2014 there was a continuing decrease in part-time students in all four UK nations, while there were small decreases in numbers of full-time students at English and Welsh providers.

5

0.1%

England

56,445 TOTAL +2.1% FULL-TIME -3.8% PART-TIME 5 PROVIDERS

-1.6% Wales

132,965 TOTAL -2.3% FULL-TIME -4.6% PART-TIME 10 PROVIDERS

-3.0%

1,844,095 TOTAL -0.1% FULL-TIME -6.1% PART-TIME 131 PROVIDERS

18-YEAR-OLD APPLICATION RATES TO FULL-TIME FIRST DEGREE STUDY IN THE UK, 2006 TO 2016

Students

18-year-olds in all UK nations are more likely than ever to apply to university.

50

48%

45 Application rate (%)

6

40

37%

35

33%

30

32%

25 20 2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Year England

Northern Ireland

Wales

Scotland

2014

2015

2016

APPLICATION RATES TO FULL-TIME FIRST DEGREE STUDY FOR THE MOST DISADVANTAGED 18-YEAR-OLDS, 2006 TO 2016

7

England

Northern Ireland

Wales

Scotland

POLAR3 method is used for England, Wales and Northern Ireland, while SIMD is used for Scotland. Therefore, they are not directly comparable. Application rates reported for Scotland are lower, as a substantial section of Scottish providers do not use UCAS.

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

5

0

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

5

2009

10

10

2008

20%

15

2007

20

16% 15

2006

22%

Application rate (%)

25

0

20

24%

2006

Application rate (%)

30

Students

18-year-olds from the areas of lowest higher education participation from England, Wales and Scotland have never been more likely to apply to university.

8

FULL-TIME AND PART-TIME HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS BY LEVEL OF STUDY AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15

Students

Part-time students make up about a quarter of all postgraduate research students, a fifth of all undergraduate students, and half of all postgraduate taught students. Undergraduate 1,727,895

Postgraduate taught 425,270

Postgraduate research 112,910

Total 2,266,075 25.1%

19.5% 47.9% 25.9%

74.1% 52.1%

74.9%

80.5%

Full-time

Part-time

HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS BY DOMICILE AND LEVEL OF STUDY, 2014–15

9

1,495,750

153,745

Undergraduate

78,345

269,070

124,610

Postgraduate taught

64,375 33,655

31,360

Postgraduate research

14,870 0

500,000 UK

EU

Non-EU

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

Students

13% of undergraduate students and 38% of postgraduate students are from outside the UK.

STUDENTS BY SUBJECT AREA AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15

350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000

y

ne M as d y su s co bj ec m m un ts ic at io Ar n ch Ag ite ric ct M ul u re at tu he re m & at ve t s ics ci en ce s

bi

Co

in ic ed

m

e

&

de

nt

is tr

or

w

Hi

g

M Undergraduate male

st

La

s

tin pu

m Co

s

ce

ls ci

en

g

ge ua

ng Ph

ys

La

ic a

n io En g

in

ee

rin

n

at

si g

uc

de

Ed

an

d

s ce

st u

al

Ar

ts

ci

Undergraduate female

di es

ts ic og

Bi

ol

So

al

sc

ie n

ec bj

su d

al lie

Bu

si

ne

ss

0

lth

Students

The most popular subjects for male undergraduate students are business, engineering and biological sciences, and for female undergraduate students are health allied subjects, business and biological sciences.

He a

10

Postgraduate female

Postgraduate male

QUALIFICATIONS OBTAINED BY SUBJECT AREA, 2014–15

11

Students

In 2014–15, the subject areas where a high percentage of postgraduate qualifications were obtained include education (57%), business (47%), medicine and dentistry (45%), and architecture (43%). Business & administrative studies Subjects allied to medicine Education Social studies Biological sciences Creative arts & design Engineering & technology Languages Law Physical sciences Computer sciences Historical & philosophical studies Medicine & dentistry Mass communications & documentation Architecture, building & planning Mathematical sciences Agriculture & related subjects Veterinary sciences 0% First degree

10%

20%

30%

40%

Professional Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE)

Other undergraduate qualifications (incl HND) Other postgraduate qualifications

50%

60%

Foundation degree

Postgraduate Certificate in Education

Other higher degree

Doctorate

70%

80%

90%

100%

12

HOME COUNTRY OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15

Students

Students from Europe accounted for 33% of all international students, while 20.5% were from China and 4.2% from India. Between 2013–14 and 2014–15 there was a decrease in the number of students from India by 7.2%, and an increase from South America by 12.9%.

North America 1.0% 27,610

EU -0.6% 124,575

6.3%

4.5% 4.6% 28.5%

South America 12.9% 5,995

19.3% 6.5%

8.0% up to 1% 1–5% 5–10% 10–20% 20–30%

1.4%

Legend % of total non-UK domiciled students at UK HEPs % change from last year Total students 2014–15

Other Europe 2.0% 19,920

Africa -0.1% 35,070

Rest of Asia -0.5% 84,460

20.5% 4.2%

Middle East 3.7% 28,525

0.6% India -7.2% 18,320

China 1.9% 89,540

Australasia -0.6% 2,565

HOME COUNTRY OF EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA (EEA) STUDENTS AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15

13

Country

2014–15

% change from 2013–14 to 2014–15

Country

2014–15

% change from 2013–14 to 2014–15

Germany

13,675

France

11,955

-2.7%

Portugal

2,730

7.9%

4.0%

Finland

1,895

Ireland

0.5%

10,905

-5.1%

Austria

1,880

5.3%

Italy

10,525

10.2%

Hungary

1,685

15.0%

Greece

10,130

-5.1%

Latvia

1,530

-16.8%

Cyprus (EU)

9,745

-5.3%

Slovakia

1,415

0.7%

Spain

7,040

6.9%

Czech Republic

1,405

6.8%

Romania

6,590

1.2%

Denmark

1,360

-4.6%

Bulgaria

6,255

-1.6%

Luxembourg

1,100

2.8%

Norway

5,475

4.9%

Estonia

1,075

-8.5%

Poland

5,245

0.9%

Malta

895

-8.7%

Lithuania

4,340

-10.8%

Slovenia

370

2.8%

Netherlands

3,390

1.5%

Croatia

355

39.2%

Switzerland

3,190

2.9%

Iceland

225

7.1%

Sweden

3,095

-4.2%

Liechtenstein

20

33.3%

Belgium

2,925

0.9%

Students

In 2014–15 there were 133,485 students from the EEA studying in UK universities, equating to 5.9% of the entire student body.

INCOME FROM NON-EU DOMICILED STUDENTS AND NON-EU DOMICILED STUDENT NUMBERS, 2003–04 TO 2014–15

350,000

5.0 4.5

300,000

4.0 250,000

3.5 3.0

200,000

2.5 150,000

2.0 1.5

100,000

1.0 50,000

0.5 0

08

7– 00

2

09

20

– 08

20

11

10

– 09

0– 01

2

12

1– 01

2

14

13

– 12 20

2

3– 01

15

2

Year Real tuition fee income from non-EU students (£bn)

Note: Base year 2014–15 prices.

4– 01

Total non-EU domiciled students

0

Total non-EU domiciled students

Students

Higher education providers received £4.2 billion in tuition fees from 312,000 registered international students in 2014–15. Real tuition fee income from non-EU students (£bn)

14

NATIONAL STUDENT SURVEY, 2008 TO 2016

15

Students

Overall student satisfaction at UK providers has remained at a record level of 86% since 2014, an increase of four percentage points compared to 2008. In 2016, satisfaction with teaching on the course was 87%, assessment and feedback 74%, and academic support 82%. Satisfaction with academic support has increased by eight percentage points since 2008.

Level of satisfaction (%)

90 85 80 75 70 65 60 2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

The teaching on my course

Overall satisfaction

Academic support

Assessment and feedback

2013

2014

2015

Learning resources

2016

16

QUALIFICATIONS AWARDED AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15

Students

53% of all qualifications awarded in 2014–15 were for undergraduate first degrees, 12% were for other types of undergraduate degrees, and 35% were for postgraduate degrees. Undergraduate Mode of study

Postgraduate

First degree

Other undergraduate

Foundation degree

Postgraduate taught

PGCE

Postgraduate research

20,255

22,015

1,055

4,625

Full-time

38,910

10,365 143,495

358,355 Part-time

6,515

37,225

32,040

Total

395,580

70,950

16,875

213,650

21,310

26,640

% of total

53.1%

9.5%

2.3%

28.7%

2.9%

3.6%

70,155

DESTINATIONS OF LEAVERS BY LEVEL OF QUALIFICATION, 2014–15

17

81.6%

4.3% 6.2% 3.6% 4.3%

Postgraduate

70.3%

5.1% 14.0%

4.9% 5.7%

First degree

56.3%

12.9%

22.7%

4.2% 3.9%

Other undergraduate

0

40

20 Work

Work and study

Study

Other

60

80

Unemployed and looking for work

100

Students

Six months after graduation, 92% of postgraduates and other undergraduates, and 89% of first degree students were working or pursuing further study.

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES AND MEDIAN SALARIES IN THE UK BY GROUP (2015)

40,000

20% 18%

35,000

16%

30,000

14%

25,000

12%

20,000

10% 8%

15,000

6%

10,000

4%

5,000

2% 0%

0

Postgraduate

Graduate

Non-graduate

Young unemployment rate (21–30 year olds)

Unemployment rate (16–64 year olds)

Young median salary (21–30 year olds)

Median salary (16–64 year olds)

Median salary (£)

Students

In 2015, the unemployment rate of graduates was half that of non-graduates. The median salary for graduates was a third higher than for non-graduates among those aged 21–30, and 43% higher for those aged 16–64.

Unemployment rates (%)

18

STAFF BY NATIONALITY AND CONTRACT LEVEL, 2014–15

19

EU and international staff make up 7% of senior management, and 25% of senior lecturers, professionals and researchers.

13.6%

12.1%

80%

10.1%

8.4%

70%

76.3%

90%

5.6% 90.9%

8.1% 6.1% 85.8%

3.5%

79.5%

4.1%

10.7%

92.9%

7.1% 82.1%

60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

t em

en

so rs

ag an m io r Se n

Ta sk

Pr of es

pr ov id

er

s

f st af Ad m

in

ad le m Te a

Se

ni

or l

ec t

ur

er

er

s

s

0%

UK

Other non-European Union countries

Staff

100%

EEA

Note: Each column contains a number of job titles, which can be found in the online version of this publication.

3.0%

20

ACADEMIC STAFF IN UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS BY NATIONALITY AND SEX, 2014–15

Staff

16% of academic staff at UK higher education providers are from EU countries, while 12% are from non-EU countries, and 72% are from the UK. 7% 5% 9%

32% Female UK staff Male UK staff

8%

Female EU staff Male EU staff Female non-EU staff Male non-EU staff

39%

STAFF SALARIES AT UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15

21

60,000

Staff

54% of the total higher education workforce is female, and accounts for two thirds of those earning under £24,057 per annum. In contrast, men make up 46% of the total higher education workforce and account for 70% of those earning over £58,172 per annum.

Percentage of employees from total

50,000

19%

22%

30,000 20,000 10,000

27%

to

+ ,1 72

3, 3

25

£5 8

£5 8,

17 2

,3 25

32%

£4

77

to

£4 3

,2 77

Male non-academic

£3 2, 2

£2 4, 0

57

to

£3 2

,0 57 £2 4 to

£1 8, 03 1

to

£1 8

,0 31

0

Up

Staff

40,000

Male academic

Female non-academic

Female academic

22

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON HIGHER EDUCATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF GDP (2012)

Finance

In 2012 the UK’s public spending on higher education was 1.2% of total GDP – a lower proportion than many competitor countries including the United States, Canada, Finland, France and Germany. Country

Total expenditure in %

Country

Total expenditure in %

Finland

1.78 1.74 1.58 1.51 1.47 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.37 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.20 1.18 1.06

Chile

1.04 1.03 1.03 1.01 0.97 0.96 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.88 0.84 0.80 0.80 0.67 0.55 0.53 0.45

Austria Norway Sweden Canada United States Estonia Belgium Netherlands France Switzerland Germany Slovenia Turkey New Zealand Czech Republic United Kingdom Poland Iceland

Latvia Ireland Spain Mexico Slovak Republic Portugal Brazil Colombia Israel Russian Federation Australia Korea Italy Hungary South Africa Indonesia Japan Luxembourg

INCOME AND SIZE OF UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2013–14 AND 2014–15

23

Less than £10m

Less than 1,000

£10–20m

1,000 to 5,000 5,000 to 10,000 Number of students

£20–50m Income (£)

Finance

One third of all UK higher education providers have an annual income of up to £100m, and two thirds of providers have an annual income above £100m.

£50–100m £100–200m £200–500m

10,000 to 15,000 15,000 to 20,000 20,000 to 25,000 25,000 to 30,000

£500–1000m

30,000 to 50,000

More than £1bn

50,000 to 200,000 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

10

20

30

40

Total income 2013–14

Number of students 2013–14

Total income 2014–15

Number of students 2014–15

24

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE OF HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15

Finance

In total, tuition fees made up 44% of provider income. Within that 44%, the highest proportion came from full-time UK and EU students. Total income £33.2 billion

Total expenditure £31.2 billion

10%

6%

1%

21%

1% 38%

55%

8% 44% 16%

Teaching – UK government

Teaching – fees

Staff costs

Other operating expenses

Research – UK government

Research – other

Depreciation

Endowment

Other income

Interest and other finance costs

KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE INCOME BY TYPE OF ACTIVITY FOR HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2005–06 TO 2014–15

Research and innovation

In 2014–15, income from collaborative research accounted for 30% of the sources of income shown below. 1,400,000 1,200,000

Income (₤)

1,000,000 800,000 600,000 400,000 200,000 0 2005–06 2006–07 2007–08 2008–09 2009–10 2010–11

25

2011–12 2012–13 2013–14 2014–15

Income from collaborative research

Contract research

Courses for businesses and the community

Facilities and equipment related services

Intellectual property revenues

Regeneration and development programmes

Consultancy contracts

26

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDING RECEIVED BY UK HIGHER EDUCATION PROVIDERS, 2014–15


16% of research and development funding received by UK providers came from overseas sources – the majority (68%) from within the EU. 5% 11%

13%

4%

1%

66%

Research funding from EU sources increased by

Research funding from non-EU sources increased by

from 2013–14.

in the same period.

5.9%

3.6%

UK government*

EU sources

UK business

Non-EU sources

UK charities

Other sources

*Note: UK government includes RDEC funding, a one-off funding amount, which therefore increases research and total income for 2014–15 only. For more information please see the glossary and online version of this publication.

GOVERNMENT-FINANCED GROSS DOMESTIC EXPENDITURE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AS A PROPORTION OF GDP, 2007 TO 2014

27


UK government spending on research and development is consistently below the OECD average as a proportion of GDP. 1.0%

Govt-financed GERD as % of GDP

0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0%

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Year United Kingdom EU28

United States

Germany

France

OECD

Japan

Canada

Italy

China

28

GLOSSARY

Annexe

Application rate The number of applicants divided by the estimated base population. DLHE The Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) survey asks leavers from higher education what they are doing six months after graduation. About three quarters of leavers complete the survey. Domicile A student’s permanent country of residence. EEA The European Economic Area (EEA) is the 28 EU countries plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. Entry rate The number of acceptances for entry to start higher education divided by the estimated base population.

First degree A three- or four-year undergraduate higher education course taken after finishing further education, generally resulting in a bachelor’s degree. GDP Gross domestic product: monetary measure of the value of all final goods and services produced in a period. GERD Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) is the total spending on research and development performed within a country during a given period. HE-BCI Higher Education-Business and Community Interaction Survey. HEFCE The Higher Education Funding Council for England funds and regulates universities and colleges in England.

29

HESA Higher Education Statistics Agency

POLAR3 Participation of Local Areas (POLAR) is a widening participation measure which classifies local areas or ‘wards’ into five groups, based on the proportion of 18-year-olds who enter higher education aged 18 or 19 years old. These groups range from quintile 1 areas, with the lowest young participation (most disadvantaged), up to quintile 5 areas with the highest rates (most advantaged).

Mode of study Whether a student studies full or part-time.

RDEC Research and Development Expenditure Credit

NSS National Student Survey

SIMD Scottish index of multiple deprivation. SIMD ranks small geographical areas in Scotland by their relative level of deprivation across a range of measures. Data used in this publication refers to 18-year-olds from the most disadvantaged SIMD quintile.

OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Other undergraduate Undergraduate degrees which are not first degrees, including foundation degrees and Higher National Diplomas.

Annexe

HEP Higher education provider. This publication covers organisations that deliver higher education and receive government funding, plus The University of Buckingham. It excludes alternative providers and further education colleges.

30

SOURCES P.5

HESA Student Record [2014–15]*

p.21 HESA Staff Record [2014–15]*

Annexe

P.6 UCAS, 2016

p.22 OECD Education at a Glance (2015)

P.7

P.8 HESA Student Record [2014–15]*

p.23 HESA Finance Record and Student Record [multiple years]


p.24 HESA Finance Record [2014–15]*


p.25 HESA HE-BCI Record [2014–15]*


p.26 HESA Finance Record [2014–15]*


p.27 OECD (2016) Main Science and Technology Indicators *Copyright Higher Education Statistics Agency Limited

UCAS, 2016

P.13 HESA Student Record [2014-15]* P.14 HESA Finance and Student Record (multiple years) and BIS GDP deflators series, 2016 P.15 National Student Survey (NSS), 2016 P.16 HESA (2016) Statistical First Release 224 P.17 HESA Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education (DLHE) [2014–15]* P.18 BIS (2016) Graduate Labour Statistics P.19 HESA Staff Record [2014–15]* P.20 HESA Staff Record [2014–15]*

All data and further information on sources can be found on our website: www.universitiesuk.ac.uk/facts-and-figures Neither the Higher Education Statistics Agency Limited nor HESA Services Limited can accept responsibility for any inferences or conclusions derived by third parties from data or other information obtained from Heidi Plus.

UNIVERSITIES UK Universities UK is the representative organisation for the UK’s universities. Founded in 1918, our mission is to be the voice of universities in the UK, providing high quality leadership and support to our members to promote a successful and diverse higher education sector. With 135 members and offices in London, Cardiff (Universities Wales) and Edinburgh (Universities Scotland), we promote the strength and success of UK universities nationally and internationally. Woburn House, 20 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9HQ Tel: +44 (0)20 7419 4111 Email: [email protected] Web: www.universitiesuk.ac.uk Twitter: @UniversitiesUK ISBN 978-1-84036-364-7 August 2016