IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2017 - IMD Business ...

IMD WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING 2017

The 2017 IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking | Top performers

Knowledge

2

Technology

Future Readiness

Overall

1

1

6

Singapore

1

2

5

5

Sweden

2

5

6

2

USA

3

9

4

4

Finland

4

8

10

1

Denmark

5

11

9

3

Netherlands

6

6

3

17

Hong Kong SAR

7

4

8

13

Switzerland

8

3

13

8

Canada

9

15

2

12

Norway

10

I M D W O R L D D I G I TA L C O M P E T I T I V E N E S S R A N K I N G 2 0 1 7

Preface This year, the IMD World Competitiveness Center is launching the 29th edition of its rankings, the IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2017. It is with great pleasure and a sense of responsibility that we follow this tradition. Our mission remains that of advancing the understanding and knowledge on competitiveness, that is, the extent to which a country is able to foster an environment in which enterprises can generate sustainable value. Competitiveness allows us to recognize the factors that facilitate prosperity. The IMD World Competitiveness Center team is dedicated to assess how economies fared in generating long term value for their citizens. This year two countries are introduced in our rankings for the first time, Cyprus and Saudi Arabia, increasing the number of countries studied to 63. As in previous years, the countries that are characterized by high competitiveness performance include economies large and small, exporting and importing, manufacturing and services-based. The common pattern among them is their focus on business-friendly regulation, physical and intangible infrastructure, the promotion of inclusive institutions and openness in general. The rapidly changing technology has lately become a permanent feature of all economies. From 3D-printing, robotics, and neuro-technology to digital-currencies and e-participation, the landscape of current capabilities and future prospects for businesses but also for countries is shifting. Governments around the world are investing on their digital economy. However, digital technology also needs to be implemented and further explored in order to improve efficiency and, therefore, the range and quality of services provided to citizens and businesses. In response to the need of decision makers to assess the capacity and readiness of a country to make the most of the digital transformation, the IMD World Competitiveness Center is pleased to introduce the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking. The new Ranking provides a measure of a country’s ability to adopt and explore digital technologies leading to transformation in government practices, business models, and society in general. In the “Competitiveness in Context” section of this edition, the essay entitled “The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking” provides the analytical framework and presents the details of the index. An undertaking like the IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook could not have been accomplished without the support and assistance of many stakeholders. We are grateful to our Partner Institutes for the care and effort they put in coordinating the gathering of the necessary data. We would like to thank the members of the IMD Alumni community and our Panel of Experts from all the countries in the yearbook and further afield, for their continuous cooperation. Last but not least, we are indebted to the IMD faculty and staff for their support, feedback and involvement in many parts of the process.

Professor Arturo Bris Director IMD World Competitiveness Center

Dr Christos Cabolis Chief Economist & Head of Operations IMD World Competitiveness Center


3

Table of Contents The IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2017

Preface��3 Partner Institutes��8 User’s Guide to the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking��14 Overall and Breakdown Digital Rankings��14 Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles��15 The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking : Analytical Framework��18 World Digital Competitiveness Ranking 2017��27 Overall Digital Competitiveness Ranking��28 Methodology in a Nutshell��30 What is the IMD World Digital Competitiveness ranking?��31 The 2017 IMD World Competitiveness Rankings : Selected Breakdowns ��32 Populations greater than 20 million�� 32

Populations less than 20 million��33 GDP per capita greater than $20,000��34 GDP per capita less than $20,000��35 Europe- Middle East - Africa��36 Asia - Pacific��37 The Americas��37 Knowledge��38 Technology��39 Future Readiness��40 Factor Rankings - 5 years overview��42 Sub-factor Rankings��44 Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles��45 Appendices and Sources��172 Notes and Sources by Criteria��174 Factor I : Knowledge��174 Factor II : Technology��176 Factor III : Future Readiness��177 Index to Criteria��179

4


World Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles

Argentina�� 46 Australia�� 48 Austria�� 50 Belgium�� 52 Brazil�� 54 Bulgaria�� 56 Canada�� 58 Chile�� 60 China Mainland�� 62 Colombia�� 64 Croatia�� 66 Cyprus�� 68 Czech Rep�� 70 Denmark�� 72 Estonia�� 74 Finland�� 76 France�� 78 Germany�� 80 Greece�� 82 Hong Kong SAR�� 84 Hungary�� 86 Iceland�� 88 India�� 90 Indonesia�� 92 Ireland�� 94 Israel�� 96 Italy�� 98 Japan�� 100 Jordan�� 102 Kazakhstan�� 104 Korea Rep�� 106 Latvia�� 108

Lithuania�� 110 Luxembourg�� 112 Malaysia�� 114 Mexico�� 116 Mongolia�� 118 Netherlands�� 120 New Zealand�� 122 Norway�� 124 Peru�� 126 Philippines�� 128 Poland�� 130 Portugal�� 132 Qatar�� 134 Romania�� 136 Russia�� 138 Saudi Arabia�� 140 Singapore�� 142 Slovak Rep�� 144 Slovenia�� 146 South Africa�� 148 Spain�� 150 Sweden�� 152 Switzerland�� 154 Taiwan�� 156 Thailand�� 158 Turkey�� 160 UAE�� 162 Ukraine�� 164 United Kingdom�� 166 USA�� 168 Venezuela�� 170


5

The IMD World Competitiveness Center For almost thirty years, the IMD World Competitiveness Center has pioneered research on how countries and companies compete to lay the foundations for sustainable value creation. The competitiveness of nations is probably one of the most significant developments in modern management and IMD is committed to leading the field. The World Competitiveness Center conducts its mission in cooperation with a network of 57 Partner Institutes worldwide to provide the government, business and academic communities with the following services: • Competitiveness assessment and education • Workshops/Mega Dives on competitiveness • Special country/regional competitiveness reports • World Competitiveness Yearbook and Online • IMD World Talent Report The IMD World Competitiveness Center team: At IMD Professor Arturo Bris Director of The IMD World Competitiveness Center Christos Cabolis Chief Economist & Head of Operations José Caballero Senior Economist Maëlle Desard Marketing Specialist Fabian Grimm Survey Coordinator Madeleine Hediger Data Research and Online Services Specialist Catherine Jobin Order and Sales Administrator Luchia Mallet Programs and Client Relationship Manager William Milner Information Researcher Marco Pistis Research Specialist with the collaboration of IMD’s Information Center and Information Systems Department

At KAESCO Consulting

Jean-François Kaeser

We also have the privilege of collaborating with a unique network of Partner Institutes, and other organizations, which guarantees the relevance of the data gathered.

Contact: Tel: + 41 21/618 02 51 E-mail : [email protected] Internet: www.imd.org/wcc

6



7

Partner Institutes We would like to express our deep appreciation for the contribution of our Partner Institutes, enabling an extensive coverage of competitiveness in their home countries. The following Institutes and people supplied data from national sources and helped distribute the survey questionnaires:

Argentina Economic Development and Institutions Research Program Faculty of Economic Sciences Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires http://www.uca.edu.ar

Dr. Alicia Caballero, Dean Dr. Marcelo F. Resico, Senior Economist Mr. Ignacio Duran, Research Assistant

Australia CEDA - Committee for Economic Development of Australia, Melbourne www.ceda.com.au

Professor the Hon. Stephen Martin, Chief Executive Officer Ms. Roxanne Punton, Director, External Affairs Ms. Sarah-Jane Derby, Senior Economist

Austria Federation of Austrian Industries, Vienna Austrian Institute of Economic Research, Vienna http://www.iv-net.at

Dr. Christian Helmenstein, Chief Economist Ms. Helena Zwickl Mr. Michael Oliver

Belgium FEB - Federation of Enterprises in Belgium, Brussels www.vbo-feb.be

Ms. Morgane Haid, Economist

Brazil Fundação Dom Cabral, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center www.fdc.org.br

Carlos Arruda, Professor and Director FDC Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center Ana Burcharth, Professor Arthur Ramos, Researcher Mr. Ruslan Stefanov, Director, Economic Program Ms. Daniela Mineva, Research Fellow, Economic Program Mr. Martin Vladimirov, Analyst, Economic Program Dr. Todor Galev, Senior Analyst, Economic Program Mr. Brett Berman, Managing Director

Bulgaria Center for the Study of Democracy, Sofia www.csd.bg Canada Intifin Group, Toronto www.intifin.com/

8

Chile Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Economía y Negocios www.fen.uchile.cl

Dr. Enrique Manzur, Vice President Dr. Sergio Olavarrieta, Vice Dean Mr. Pedro Hidalgo, Associate Professor

China Mainland China Institute for Development University http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/

Prof. Yongheng Yang, Associate Dean (School of Public Policy & Management) Prof. Youqiang Wang, Executive Director Dr. Fangtao Liu, Research Fellow Dr. Jia Gao, Research Fellow Mr. Pu Gong, PhD Candidate Mr. Dong Guo, PhD Candidate Miss Hongyu Lai, Research Assistant

Planning,

Tsinghua


Colombia National Planning Department, Bogota www.dnp.gov.co Croatia National Competitiveness Council, Zagreb http://www.konkurentnost.hr/

Santiago Matallana Mendez, Director of Enterprise Development Sara Patricia Rivera, Research Analyst Adriana Quiñones, Project Manager Ms. Jadranka Gable, Advisor Mr. Kresimir Jurlin, PhD, Researcher

Cyprus Economics Research Centre University of Cyprus, Nicosia http://ucy.ac.cy/erc/en/

Sofronis Clerides, Professor of Economics Nicoletta Pashourtidou, Assistant Director Christos Papamichael, Research Officer

Czech Republic CERGE-EI, Prague www.cerge-ei.cz

Dr. Vilem Semerak Dr. Lucia Štefánková

Denmark Confederation of Danish Industry (DI) http://di.dk/English/Pages/English.aspx

Mr. Allan Sorensen

Estonia Estonian Institute of Economic Research, Tallinn www.ki.ee

Ms. Marje Josing, Director Ms. Ingrid Niklus Mr. Koit Nilson, Researcher

Enterprise Estonia, Tallinn

Mr Tanel Rebane, Director of Development Unit

Finland ETLA, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, Helsinki www.etla.fi

Mr. Petri Rouvinen, Research Director Mr. Markku Kotilainen, Head of the Forecasting Group Mr. Ville Kaitila, Researcher

France Business France, Paris http://en.businessfrance.fr/

Ms. Sylvie Montout, Economist

Greece Federation of Industries of Northern Greece, (FING), Thessaloniki

Dr. Christos Georgiou, Director, Research and Documentation Department Mr. Constantinos Styliaras, Economist, Research and Documentation Department

Foundation for Economic and Industrial Research (FEIR/ IOBE), Athens Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong Trade Development Council www.hktdc.com

Aggelos Tsakanikas, Assistant Professor National Technical University of Athens - Scientific Advisor Sophia Stavraki, Research Associate Mr. Daniel Poon, Principal Economist (Global Research) Ms. Wenda Ma, Economist

Hungary ICEG European Center, Budapest www.icegec.org

Ms. Renata Anna Jaksa, Director Dr. Oliver Kovacs, Research Fellow

National University of Public Service, Competitiveness and Fiscal Stability Research Group, Budapest http://en.uni-nke.hu/

Prof. Dr. Magdolna Csath, Research professor

Iceland Icelandic Chamber of Commerce, Reykjavik www.chamber.is

Ms. Kristrun Frostadottir, Chief Economist Mr. Leifur Hreggvidsson, Economic Analyst


9

India National Productivity Council, New Delhi www.npcindia.gov.in

Dr. K.P. Sunny, Director & Head (Economic Services) Mr. Rajesh Sund, Deputy Director (Economic Services)

Indonesia Lembaga Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia, Jakarta http://www.lmfeui.com/index.php

Dr Toto Pranoto, Managing Director Dr Willem Makaliwe, Associate Director of Research & Consulting Bayuadi Wibowo, Group Head of Research Division

NuPMK Consulting, Jakarta http://nupmk.co.id/

Ms Tini Moeis, Managing Director Mr Kiki Lekir Daud, Principal Partner Ms Devi Hamdani, Client Relation Manager

Ireland IDA Ireland, Investment and Development Agency, Dublin www.idaireland.com Israel The Federation of Israeli Chambers of Commerce, Tel-Aviv www.chamber.org.il Italy CONFINDUSTRIA, Economic Research Department, Rome www.confindustria.it Japan Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., Tokyo Research Center for Policy and Economy www.mri.co.jp

Mr. Hirotsugu Sakai, Research Director

Jordan Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation, Amman http://www.mop.gov.jo/

H.E Imad Najib Fakhour, Minister Dr. Saleh Al-Kharabsheh, Secretary General Basem Kanan, Acting Director of Policies & Strategic Dept. Basma Suleiman Arabiyat, National Competitiveness Team Farouq Drabseh, National Competitiveness Team

Kazakhstan JSC Economic Research Institute of the Ministry of National Economy, Astana www.economy.kz

Serzhan Madiyev, Chairman of the Board Shakharbanu Zhakupova, Deputy Chairman of the Board Bakytgul Khambar, Director, Center for Regulatory Environment Analysis Altyngul Utebayeva, Deputy Director, Center for Regulatory Environment Analysis; Kymbat Akhmetzhanova, Deputy Director, Center for Regulatory Environment Analysis Assel Tasbauova, Deputy Director, Center for Regulatory Environment Analysis Karlygash Bolat, Senior Expert, Center for Regulatory Environment Analysis Dr. Heungchong Kim, Senior Research Fellow Ms. Nayoun Park, Researcher

Korea, Rep. Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP) http://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/ Latvia University of Latvia Centre for European and Transition Studies, LU CETS, Riga http://www.lu.lv/cets Jean Monnet Center of Excellence, Riga

10

Ms. Israela Many, Deputy Managing Director of Economy and Tax Mr. Aviad Toub, Economist Dr. Luca Paolazzi, Director Research Centre Dr. Lorena Scaperrotta, Economist


Dr. Tatjana Muravska, Director Mrs. Zane Zeibote

Lithuania Enterprise Lithuania, Vilnius www.enterpriselithuania.com

Ms. Rasa Narusaityte, Senior Project Manager

Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg www.cc.lu

Mr. Marc Wagener, Member of the Managing Board Ms. Annabelle Dullin, Economist Ms. Lynn Zoenen, Economist

Malaysia Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC), Petaling Jaya, Selangor www.mpc.gov.my

Dato’ Mohd Razali Hussain, Director General Dato’ Abdul Latif Abu Seman, Deputy Director General Datin Zainon Bakar, Director Productivity & Competitiveness Development M.C. Carlos Maroto Cabrera, General Director M.S. Carlos Maroto Espinosa, Project & Relationship Manager Mr. Boldbaatar Tserenpuntsag, Founder Mr. Tsagaan Puntsag, Founder Ms. Lakshmi Boojoo, Director General Ms. Odonchimeg Ikhbayar, Deputy Director Mr. Ganbat Chuluun, Research Economist Ms. Tungalag Erdenebat, Research Economist Mr. Zolbayar Enkhbaatar, Research Economist Mr. Otgon-Erdene Khandaa, Research Economist Ms. Yesunchuluu Khuderchuluu, Research Economist Mr. Paul van Kempen, Advisor Economic policy

Mexico Strategic Studies Center for Competitiveness, Saltillo www.ceec.edu.mx Mongolia Economic Policy and Competitiveness Research Center, Ulaanbaatar www.ecrc.mn

Netherlands Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers (VNONCW), The Hague www.vno-ncw.nl New Zealand Kerridge & Partners, Auckland https://www.kerridgepartners.com/

Mr. Peter Kerridge, Partner Ms. Jasmine Glenister, Executive Assistant

Peru CENTRUM Católica Graduate Business School, Lima http://centrum.pucp.edu.pe

Mr. Fernando D’Alessio, General Director Mr. Luis Del Carpio, Center of Competitiveness Director

Philippines Asian Institute of Management Rizalino S. Navarro Policy Center for Competitiveness, Makati City http://beta.aim.edu/research-centers/rizalino-s-navarropolicy-center-competitiveness

Jamil Paolo S. Francisco, PhD, Executive Director Tristan A. Canare, Program Manager and Senior Economist Emmanuel M. Garcia, Economist Christopher Ed C. Caboverde, Research Associate

Poland Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw http://www.sgh.waw.pl/en/

Dr. Bogdan A. Radomski, Associate Professor of Finance Dr. Marcin Nowakowski, Professor of International Business and Prorector Prof Álvaro Almeida Prof Daniel Bessa Prof Ramon O’Callaghan Dr. Issa Ibrahim, Economic Expert (Project Manager) Hissa Al-Assiry, Economic Researcher Eman Ahmad Abbara, Senior economist

Portugal Porto Business School, University of Porto, Porto https://www.pbs.up.pt/ Qatar Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics, Department of Environmental and Economic Development Planning, Doha www.gsdp.gov.qa


11

Romania CIT-IRECSON Center Bucharest www.cit-irecson.ro

of

Technological

Information,

Mr. Bogdan Ciocanel, PhD, Director Mr. Dan Grigore, Economist

Russia Moscow Business School http://mbschool.ru/

Ms. Elina Pechonova

Saudi Arabia SAGIA, Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority, Riyadh https://www.sagia.gov.sa/en/

Fahdah Mohammed Al Rasheed, Investment Intelligence Senior Supervisor Nawaf Mohammed AlSalloum, Associate Specialist, Research and Reports Hatem Abdul-Mohsin Samman, Chief Economist Ms. Cheryl Kong, Assistant Executive Director

Singapore Singapore Business Federation www.sbf.org.sg/ Economics Division, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Singapore www.mti.gov. Slovak Republic The F.A Hayek Foundation, Bratislava www.hayek.skv

Mr. Martin Lindak, Analyst

Slovenia Institute for Economic Research, Ljubljana http://www.ier.si/

Mr. Peter Stanovnik, PhD, Associate Professor Ms. Sonja Ursic, M.A.

University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics http://www.ef.uni-lj.si/en

Ms. Mateja Drnovsek, PhD, Full Professor Mr. Ales Vahcic, PhD, Full Professor

South Africa Productivity SA, Midrand www.productivitysa.co.za

Mothunye Mothiba, Chief Executive Officer Sello Mosai, Executive Manager Value Chain Competitiveness Juliet Sebolelo Mashabela, Economist

Spain Spanish Confederation of Employers, Madrid www.ceoe.es

Ms. Edita Pereira, Head of Economic Research Unit Ms. Paloma Blanco, Economic Research Unit

Taiwan National Development Council, Taipei www.ndc.gov.tw

Ms. Kao, Shienquey, Deputy Minister Ms. Wu, Ming Huei, Director of Economic Development Department Ms. Lee, Cho-Jin, Senior Economist Ms. Wanweera Rachdawong, Chief Executive Officer, TMA Ms. Pornkanok Wipusanawan, Director, TMA Center for Competitiveness Zümrüt İmamoğlu, Chief Economist Elçin Tüzel, Expert Ezgi Kurt, Junior Expert

Thailand Thailand Management Association (TMA), Bangkok www.tma.or.th Turkey TUSIAD, Turkish Industry and Business Association Economic Research Department http://tusiad.org/en/ United Arab Emirates Federal Competitiveness & Statistics Authority (FCSA), Dubai

12


Ukraine International Management Institute (MIM-Kyiv) www.mim.kiev.ua Venezuela National Council to Investment Promotion (CONAPRI) www.conapri.org

Dr. Iryna Tykhomyrova, President Dr. Volodymyr Danko, Professor Ms. Oksana Kukuruza, External Relations Directorr Mr. Eduardo Porcarelli, Executive Director Ms. Litsay Guerrero A, Economic Affairs & Investor Services Manager


13

User’s Guide to the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking Overall and Breakdown Digital Rankings

The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking presents the 2017 overall rankings for the 63 economies covered by the WCY. The rankings are calculated on the basis of the 50 ranked criteria: 30 Hard and 20 Survey data. The countries are ranked from the most to the least digital competitive and the results from the previous year’s scoreboard (2016) are shown in brackets. The index value or “score” is also indicated for each country.

Selected breakdowns of the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking In addition to global digital rankings, other rankings are provided to show comparisons based on different perspectives. These digital rankings include countries split by population size (populations above and below 20 million), by GDP per capita to reflect different peer groups (above and below $20,000) and three regional rankings drawn from different geographical areas (Europe-Middle East-Africa, Asia-Pacific and the Americas).

Populations greater than 20 million 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

88.943

United Kingdom 3

87.566

Taiwan 4

85.006

Australia 5

84.108

Germany 6

82.961

Korea Rep. 7

79.944

Malaysia 8

78.810

France 9

78.094

Japan 10

72.091

Spain 11 China Mainland 12 Saudi Arabia 13 Poland 14

65.467

Italy 15

63.771

Thailand 16

62.854

Russia 17

55.887

Philippines 18

55.709

South Africa 19

54.483

Mexico 20

54.367

India 21

53.867

Turkey 22

52.290

Brazil 23

49.800

Argentina 24

48.462

Colombia 25

44.225

Digital Competitiveness Factor Rankings

100

USA 1

65.872

Indonesia 26

44.005

Ukraine 27

41.076

Peru 28

23.463


90

Canada 2

66.125

14

80

91.671

71.452

The global rankings for each of the Digital Competitiveness Factors are then shown as individual ranking tables. Again, the economies are ranked from the most to the least digital competitive and the previous year’s rankings (2016) are shown in brackets. Similar to the Overall Digital Ranking, the values or “scores” are indicated for each Factor. However, there is only one economy that has a score of 100 and one economy with a score of 0 across all four Factors.

70

95.410

Venezuela 29

KNOWLEDGE Know-how necessary to discover, understand and build new technologies

0

10 92.479 89.310 86.792 86.170 85.878 85.392 85.254 85.245 84.402 82.976 81.417 81.337 78.683 77.452 75.447 75.242 74.533 73.464 73.114 72.967 72.122 71.933 71.177 70.344 70.261 70.043 69.145 68.825 68.787 68.559 67.772 65.405 63.648 63.339 62.450 61.292 60.982 60.635 60.073 58.947

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

(1) Singapore 1 (2) Sweden 2 (7) Canada 3 (3) Switzerland 4 (4) USA 5 (6) Hong Kong SAR 6 (5) Israel 7 (8) Denmark 8 (9) Finland 9 (11) United Kingdom 10 (13) Netherlands 11 (12) Austria 12 (10) Germany 13 (15) Korea Rep. 14 (17) Norway 15 (19) Taiwan 16 (22) Malaysia 17 (16) Australia 18 (21) France 19 (14) New Zealand 20 (18) Lithuania 21 (20) Belgium 22 (24) China Mainland 23 (28) Russia 24 (25) Ireland 25 (26) Slovenia 26 (29) Luxembourg 27 (30) Estonia 28 (23) Japan 29 (32) Iceland 30 (31) Portugal 31 (27) Poland 32 (36) Spain 33 (33) Latvia 34 (37) Qatar 35 (34) Czech Republic 36 (39) India 37 (35) UAE 38 () Saudi Arabia 39 (47) Kazakhstan 40

Overall Ranking and Digital Competitiveness Factors This section presents the overall rankings and the 5-year trends for each of the three Digital Competitiveness Factors: Knowledge, Technology and Future Readiness. Thus, the reader is able to analyze the digital evolution of an economy over the past few years relative to the others on a global basis.

OVERALL Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Mainland Colombia Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong SAR Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea Rep. Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico Mongolia Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey UAE Ukraine United Kingdom USA Venezuela

2013 56 11 25 23 52 55 10 34 38 47 49 31 7 27 4 19 16 44 9 35 26 51 58 22 12 40 20 53 42 14 33 30 18 17 43 5 21 8 57 39 36 29 28 59 46 1 41 37 50 32 2 6 13 45 48 24 54 15 3 60

2014 58 10 24 25 55 53 8 34 38 49 45 31 7 23 4 22 14 48 13 36 27 56 57 17 11 41 20 46 35 21 33 32 19 15 51 6 18 9 59 43 39 30 28 54 42 1 40 37 47 29 3 5 16 44 52 26 50 12 2 60

2015 58 9 26 19 56 54 4 37 33 53 46 31 8 27 3 20 17 40 14 44 24 50 60 25 10 36 23 49 35 18 34 28 16 21 48 55 6 13 11 57 45 38 29 32 51 41 1 43 39 47 30 5 7 15 42 52 22 59 12 2 61

Knowledge 2016 55 14 19 18 54 47 5 37 35 56 44 32 8 27 6 22 15 45 11 42 26 53 60 20 13 34 23 48 43 17 33 29 21 24 52 57 4 10 9 58 46 38 31 28 49 40 1 41 36 51 30 3 7 16 39 50 25 59 12 2 61

2017 57 15 16 22 55 45 9 40 31 58 48 53 32 5 26 4 25 17 50 7 44 23 51 59 21 13 39 27 56 38 19 35 29 20 24 49 61 6 14 10 62 46 37 33 28 54 42 36 1 43 34 47 30 2 8 12 41 52 18 60 11 3 63

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 49 54 57 53 56 9 9 11 16 18 18 14 16 12 12 24 26 21 20 22 52 52 55 54 55 55 47 45 38 41 4 3 3 7 3 53 55 53 51 52 28 27 22 24 23 47 51 52 56 57 50 49 46 45 50 46 37 38 36 34 36 8 8 9 8 8 25 23 30 30 28 5 5 7 9 9 16 15 20 21 19 19 16 10 10 13 41 44 34 46 51 11 10 8 6 6 42 42 44 43 48 20 24 33 32 30 40 39 37 39 37 58 57 60 60 58 26 21 26 25 25 7 7 4 5 7 44 46 42 40 42 23 20 24 23 29 60 60 61 59 61 48 43 41 47 40 14 12 13 15 14 36 33 32 33 34 22 25 18 18 21 27 28 23 29 27 15 19 25 22 17 45 53 51 52 54 56 55 59 13 11 14 13 11 17 18 15 14 20 12 17 17 17 15 57 58 58 61 62 39 41 49 50 53 30 36 31 27 32 29 31 29 31 31 31 34 39 37 35 56 56 50 48 47 32 30 27 28 24 39 2 1 1 1 1 43 40 43 41 43 34 32 28 26 26 46 45 47 49 49 33 35 35 36 33 1 2 2 2 2 6 6 5 3 4 21 22 19 19 16 54 50 48 42 44 59 59 59 58 60 38 37 38 35 38 35 29 40 44 45 10 13 12 11 10 3 4 6 4 5 51 48 54 57 63

Technology

Future readiness

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 59 59 59 56 58 15 12 12 15 15 30 27 29 28 28 24 29 24 21 24 57 56 55 54 55 43 45 42 38 42 14 15 17 14 13 31 31 31 34 34 39 42 37 39 36 56 55 56 59 60 48 44 41 43 47 54 28 26 26 26 26 12 14 13 12 10 25 20 19 17 19 5 2 7 7 4 16 19 23 23 22 22 24 25 25 21 50 52 51 52 52 3 6 5 2 3 33 34 39 37 38 21 21 20 22 20 54 57 58 57 59 55 53 57 58 56 27 22 27 27 25 23 23 22 24 27 47 50 46 44 45 19 16 21 19 23 46 40 49 45 50 40 39 34 42 35 13 18 16 13 17 26 28 32 33 32 32 32 28 29 29 7 3 2 11 12 9 8 14 16 18 45 46 47 49 48 54 55 61 10 13 15 10 9 17 11 8 6 11 6 7 3 3 2 52 54 52 53 57 38 48 50 50 51 34 37 36 36 39 35 33 30 35 37 29 30 38 31 31 53 51 45 46 46 49 41 44 47 44 41 1 1 1 1 1 36 35 40 41 43 44 43 43 40 40 51 49 53 51 53 41 36 35 32 33 2 4 9 4 5 11 9 11 9 8 8 10 4 8 7 37 38 33 30 30 42 47 48 48 49 20 25 10 20 14 58 58 60 60 62 18 17 18 18 16 4 5 6 5 6 60 60 61 61 63

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 47 46 45 46 49 10 13 8 7 14 22 16 19 19 15 21 17 15 16 22 43 49 51 49 44 60 59 59 58 57 12 12 2 3 8 32 32 32 32 33 50 48 39 38 34 35 38 43 44 53 49 47 52 50 56 54 33 33 33 34 37 4 4 6 6 1 24 22 26 26 26 11 6 4 5 4 25 26 21 20 28 8 8 13 14 18 40 42 36 36 47 13 27 25 27 17 42 36 47 45 55 28 29 17 18 21 55 57 53 54 51 54 53 58 60 62 15 11 12 12 10 5 9 7 9 11 31 31 30 29 30 20 19 22 23 25 46 35 38 37 48 34 34 35 41 38 19 25 24 25 24 44 40 37 39 41 36 37 34 33 31 23 21 23 24 23 27 23 27 28 27 38 54 54 56 50 46 52 60 3 2 1 2 3 26 24 16 15 20 7 10 14 13 12 53 55 56 55 58 39 41 40 40 43 52 50 49 51 39 30 30 31 31 35 17 18 28 21 19 58 56 57 57 59 56 52 55 53 52 32 6 5 5 4 6 45 43 44 43 46 37 39 41 35 36 51 51 48 47 42 29 28 29 30 29 2 3 9 8 5 9 7 10 10 13 18 20 20 22 16 48 45 50 48 45 41 44 42 42 40 14 15 18 17 7 57 58 61 61 61 16 14 11 11 9 1 1 3 1 2 59 60 60 59 63

Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Mainland Colombia Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong SAR Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea Rep. Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico Mongolia Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey UAE Ukraine United Kingdom USA Venezuela

Digital Sub-factor Rankings

Regulatory framework

Capital

Technological framework

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

Each two page profile analyses the performance of one of the 63 economies that are included in the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking. The economies are presented in alphabetical order. The term economy signifies an economic entity and does not imply any political independence.

Future readiness

Scientific concentration

Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles


Technology

Training & education

We view the rankings as a tool for managers or policy makers to use when they analyze the above questions. Of course, each company must take into consideration the logic of its own economic sector, economic forecasts and its own traditions as well as governments should consider the national identity and value system of their economy.

Knowledge

Talent

A summary of the rankings for all nine sub-factors is presented for the 63 economies for 2017. It is possible, at a glance, to determine in what areas of digital competitiveness an economy excels or has par ticular weaknesses and to make comparisons between countries. These rankings provide a more detailed examination of specific aspects of the digital transformation and can be used to, for example, evaluate the technological framework of a country or support international investment decisions.

54 8 12 17 60 51 9 34 23 58 59 56 26 6 40 10 24 16 47 4 46 38 43 48 15 21 44 41 55 36 25 29 33 31 27 53 62 3 14 20 61 39 28 30 19 45 35 22 1 50 37 52 32 11 2 18 42 49 5 57 7 13 63

61 51 4 29 48 39 10 50 53 45 41 22 49 5 2 8 35 15 55 27 43 7 57 59 34 11 46 31 58 21 13 20 6 30 3 44 38 32 36 12 60 54 23 18 24 52 14 16 9 40 17 37 42 1 25 28 47 63 56 26 19 33 62

42 14 21 27 44 30 4 59 3 58 35 51 34 19 38 12 10 15 33 7 46 37 6 54 31 2 32 16 62 56 9 47 28 23 26 57 60 18 20 22 63 53 40 36 55 41 25 61 8 39 24 49 29 5 13 17 43 48 52 45 11 1 50

46 11 25 16 60 50 21 33 32 58 52 45 43 8 23 2 15 20 49 6 29 22 59 61 14 26 42 37 53 18 28 34 27 10 30 39 57 9 7 3 51 62 47 19 31 41 36 48 1 55 44 54 35 4 13 24 38 40 5 56 12 17 63

59 16 38 23 56 46 1 20 22 55 52 54 15 25 18 10 26 19 58 6 44 43 28 37 49 27 53 33 30 51 41 31 42 3 9 45 61 5 4 7 48 29 32 50 17 60 57 36 14 39 40 35 34 13 11 8 21 47 12 62 24 2 63

56 21 22 31 48 34 27 46 47 55 40 54 15 5 18 8 25 26 49 9 45 11 63 58 13 28 42 6 53 35 2 24 17 32 19 52 59 14 20 3 61 50 39 43 36 33 37 41 1 38 44 57 23 7 10 4 30 51 29 60 16 12 62

49 4 25 21 45 47 13 30 32 53 43 56 42 1 31 3 26 22 41 9 57 16 59 63 12 18 27 14 55 48 10 46 35 33 28 40 39 5 20 8 61 50 38 34 15 60 44 29 11 52 37 54 24 7 23 19 51 36 17 58 6 2 62

36 42 8 21 46 61 5 31 24 54 62 51 33 11 19 17 44 18 53 25 58 10 29 35 2 9 30 57 34 27 48 41 28 16 12 55 63 7 26 20 50 23 45 40 15 60 59 38 14 52 43 37 47 13 4 6 32 39 1 56 22 3 49

54 10 9 19 49 55 15 40 44 45 46 47 33 11 25 2 20 16 48 21 38 28 56 61 24 7 35 18 50 39 23 36 29 5 34 52 62 3 17 14 59 57 41 32 27 58 43 31 1 37 30 42 26 4 13 22 53 51 8 60 6 12 63


It is possible, in one glimpse, to evaluate the digital evolution of each economy over time and its relative strengths and weaknesses. However, each economy’s particular situation is influenced by its development level, political restraints and social value system.


15

Page 1: Digital Competitiveness – Overall and factors trends This page shows the overall, factors and subfactors ranking performances of the country in 2017, their 5-years trends and a comparison of between competitiveness and digital competitiveness rankings. The following indicators are presented:

Ranking and World Digital Competitiveness Ranking in the last 5 years. Peer Group Rankings: Based on geographical region and population size.

Overall Performance: Overall, factors and sub-factors digital ranking performances of the country in 2017. The direction of the triangles indicates whether there has been an improvement or a decline with respect to the previous year. Overall & Factors – 5 years: The evolution of the overall and factors digital rankings in the past 5 years. Competitiveness and Digital Rankings: Comparison of the country’ performances in the World Competitiveness

Overall Ranking DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL

OVERALL

FRANCE OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall

Factors Alpha AlphaLabel Beta BetaLabel 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2

1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

19

Knowledge

25

22 Technology

28 The direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year:  improved or stable declined

Future readiness

OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years

Sub-Factors

Gamma GammaLabel 2 2 1 1 1 1 24 1 1 1 1

35

10

Talent



15

26

25


Capital


26

44

20

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2014

2015

2016

2017

19

22

20

22

25

Knowledge

16

15

20

21

19

Technology

16

19

23

23

22

Future readiness

25

26

21

20

28

COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS 2013

2014

2015

2016

22

20

22

27

32

32

2017

2014 58 10 24 25 55 53 8 34 38 49 45 31 7 23 4 22 14 48 13 36 27 56 57 17 11 41 20 46 35 21 33 32 19 15 51 6 18 9 59 43 39 30 28 54 2014 42 58 1 1040 2437 2547 29 55 3 53 5 16 8 44 3452 3826 50 49 12 45 2 - 60

2015 58 9 26 19 56 54 4 37 33 53 46 31 8 27 3 20 17 40 14 44 24 50 60 25 10 36 23 49 35 18 34 28 16 21 48 55 6 13 11 57 45 38 29 32 51 2015 41 58 1 9 43 2639 1947 30 565 547 15 4 42 3752 3322 59 53 12 462 - 61

Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong SAR Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea Rep. Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico Mongolia Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey UAE Ukraine United Kingdom USA Venezuela

OVERALL

31 7 27 4 19 16 44 9 35 26 51 58 22 12 40 20 53 42 14 33 30 18 17 43

31 7 23 4 22 14 48 13 36 27 56 57 17 11 41 20 46 35 21 33 32 19 15 51

Knowledge 2016 55 14 19 18 54 47 5 37 35 56 44 32 8 27 6 22 15 45 11 42 26 53 60 20 13 34 23 48 43 17 33 29 21 24 52 57 4 10 9 58 46 38 31 28 49 201640 55 1 14 41 36 19 51 18 30 543 477 16 5 39 37 50 25 35 59 56 12 442 - 61

2017 57 15 16 22 55 45 9 40 31 58 48 53 32 5 26 4 25 17 50 7 44 23 51 59 21 13 39 27 56 38 19 35 29 20 24 49 61 6 14 10 62 46 37 33 28 54 201742 36 57 1 15 43 34 16 47 22 30 552 458 12 9 41 40 52 18 31 60 58 11 483 63 53

32 8 27 6 22 15 45 11 42 26 53 60 20 13 34 23 48 43 17 33 29 21 24 52 57 4 10 9 58 46 38 31 28 49 40

32 5 26 4 25 17 50 7 44 23 51 59 21 13 39 27 56 38 19 35 29 20 24 49 61 6 14 10 62 46 37 33 28 54 42 36 1 43 34 47 30 2 8 12 41 52 18 60 11 3 63

31 8 27 3 20 17 40 14 44 24 50 60 25 10 36 23 49 35 18 34 28 16 21 48 55 6 13 11 57 45 38 29 32 51 41

Breakdown Rankings

Digital Competitiveness

19 28

N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.

25 31

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA (40 countries)

16

2013 56 11 25 23 52 55 10 34 38 47 49 31 7 27 4 19 16 44 9 35 26 51 58 22 12 40 20 53 42 14 33 30 18 17 43 5 21 8 57 39 36 29 28 59 2013 46 561 1141 2537 2350 32 52 2 55 6 13 10 45 3448 3824 54 47 15 49 3 - 60

Factor Rankings

2013

OVERALL

Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Mainland Colombia Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong SAR Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea Rep. Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico Mongolia Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Argentina Singapore Australia Slovak Republic Slovenia Austria South Africa Belgium Spain Brazil Sweden Switzerland Bulgaria Taiwan Canada Thailand Chile Turkey UAE China Mainland Ukraine Colombia United Kingdom Croatia USA Venezuela Cyprus

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

11

12

12

14

16

POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)

2013

2014

9

10


2015

2016

2017

8

8

9

-

5 21 8 57 39 36 29 28 59 46

-

6 18 9 59 43 39 30 28 54 42 -

1 41 37 50 32 2 6 13 45 48 24 54 15 3 60

1 40 37 47 29 3 5 16 44 52 26 50 12 2 60

1 43 39 47 30 5 7 15 42 52 22 59 12 2 61

1 41 36 51 30 3 7 16 39 50 25 59 12 2 61

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 49 54 57 53 56 9 9 11 16 18 18 14 16 12 12 24 26 21 20 22 52 52 55 54 55 55 47 45 38 41 4 3 3 7 3 53 55 53 51 52 28 27 22 24 23 47 51 52 56 57 50 49 46 45 50 46 37 38 36 34 36 8 8 9 8 8 25 23 30 30 28 5 5 7 9 9 16 15 20 21 19 19 16 10 10 13 41 44 34 46 51 11 10 8 6 6 42 42 44 43 48 20 24 33 32 30 40 39 37 39 37 58 57 60 60 58 26 21 26 25 25 7 7 4 5 7 44 46 42 40 42 23 20 24 23 29 60 60 61 59 61 48 43 41 47 40 14 12 13 15 14 36 33 32 33 34 22 25 18 18 21 27 28 23 29 27 15 19 25 22 17 45 53 51 52 54 56 55 59 13 11 14 13 11 17 18 15 14 20 12 17 17 17 15 57 58 58 61 62 39 41 49 50 53 30 36 31 27 32 29 31 29 31 31 31 34 39 37 35 56 56 50 48 47 32 30 27 28 24 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 49 - 54 - 57 - 53 3956 2 1 1 1 1 439 409 4311 4116 4318 34 18 3214 2816 2612 2612 46 24 4526 4721 4920 4922 33 35 35 36 33 52 52 1 2 255 254 255 6 6 545 338 441 55 47 21 22 19 19 16 4 3 3 7 3 54 50 48 42 44 53 55 53 51 59 59 59 58 6052 38 37 38 35 38 28 27 22 24 23 35 29 40 44 45 47 51 52 56 57 10 13 12 11 10 50 49 3 4 646 445 550 48 54 57 6346 -51 -

Knowledge

37 8 25 5 16 19 41 11 42 20 40 58 26 7 44 23 60 48 14 36 22 27 15 45 -

38 8 23 5 15 16 44 10 42 24 39 57 21 7 46 20 60 43 12 33 25 28 19 53

36 9 30 7 20 10 34 8 44 33 37 60 26 4 42 24 61 41 13 32 18 23 25 51 56 14 15 17 58 49 31 29 39 50 27

13 17 12 57 39 30 29 31 56 32

-

11 18 17 58 41 36 31 34 56 30 -

2 43 34 46 33 1 6 21 54 59 38 35 10 3 51

1 40 32 45 35 2 6 22 50 59 37 29 13 4 48

34 8 30 9 21 10 46 6 43 32 39 60 25 5 40 23 59 47 15 33 18 29 22 52 55 13 14 17 61 50 27 31 37 48 28 -

1 43 28 47 35 2 5 19 48 59 38 40 12 6 54

1 41 26 49 36 2 3 19 42 58 35 44 11 4 57

36 8 28 9 19 13 51 6 48 30 37 58 25 7 42 29 61 40 14 34 21 27 17 54 59 11 20 15 62 53 32 31 35 47 24 39 1 43 26 49 33 2 4 16 44 60 38 45 10 5 63

Page 2: Factors breakdown & Strengths and Weaknesses This page shows the country’s performance over time for each of the nine sub-factors composing the three Digital Competitiveness Factors (Knowledge, Technology and Future Readiness) and their 50 criteria rankings for 2017. Factors Breakdown: shows the 5-years evolution of the sub-factors rankings composing the three factors of Knowledge, Technology and Future Readiness. Strengths and Weaknesses: this section highlights the economy’s strongest and weakest criteria included in the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking. The triangles (►) identify the five top criteria in which the economy ranks best (strengths – filled triangle) and the five criteria in which its performance is the worst (weaknesses – empty triangle) compared to the other countries included in the WCY sample. The selection of indicators is determined by the standard deviation values (STD) of the country for that specific criteria. In other words, the criteria selected represent the highest STD values and the lowest STD values among the 50 indicators

composing the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking and can thus be considered the digital competitive advantages and disadvantages of the economy. The full description of the criteria can be found in the statistical tables (see PDF documents on the USB key drive). It is important to note that what constitutes a strength or weakness is relative to each economy’s circumstances or development. Also, the ranking position of a country may not necessarily improve or decline as a consequence of its own evolution since it is always relative to the performance of the other economies. Therefore, an improvement may not be reflected by a higher ranking position if other economies have performed better for the criterion in question. The same can be said for any declines in performance – the economy’s ranking position relative to the others may or may not fall, depending on how the other economies have performed. For more details, please refer to the section Methodology – Excluded criteria.

Factor Rankings FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES

24


24

19

37

34

35

7

8

8

9

Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math w International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students


Rank

24 54 33 15 31 17

10 Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

38 16 21 45 21 37

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication u Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

14 22 43 14 3 20

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016


16

10

18

15

Capital

Subfactors

30

26

31

31

26


14

16

20

22

25


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

19 17 21 21 23 12

Capital

2017 15

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

20 18 42 24 21 39

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed u High-tech exports (%)

Rank

18 34 32 25 41 6

FUTURE READINESS 2013

2014

2015

2016

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

27

28

25

23

26

Business agility

20

19

18

21

44

IT integration

17

19

19

19

20

Adaptive attitudes u E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession Smartphone possession w Attitudes toward globalization

Business agility

Rank

12 14 27 31 62

w u w w

Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

2017

Rank

59 10 60 49 26

IT integration

Rank

u E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security Sofware piracy

10 30 23 22

Sub-factor Rankings Knowledge

Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Mainland Colombia Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong SAR Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea Rep. Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico Mongolia Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey UAE Ukraine

Technology

Future readiness

IT integration

2017

24

Business agility

2016

24

Adaptive attitudes

2015

20

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 49 54 57 53 56 9 9 11 16 18 18 14 16 12 12 24 26 21 20 22 52 52 55 54 55 55 47 45 38 41 4 3 3 7 3 53 55 53 51 52 28 27 22 24 23 47 51 52 56 57 50 49 46 45 50 46 37 38 36 34 36 8 8 9 8 8 25 23 30 30 28 5 5 7 9 9 16 15 20 21 19 19 16 10 10 13 41 44 34 46 51 11 10 8 6 6 42 42 44 43 48 20 24 33 32 30 40 39 37 39 37 58 57 60 60 58 26 21 26 25 25 7 7 4 5 7 44 46 42 40 42 23 20 24 23 29 60 60 61 59 61 48 43 41 47 40 14 12 13 15 14 36 33 32 33 34 22 25 18 18 21 27 28 23 29 27 15 19 25 22 17 45 53 51 52 54 56 55 59 13 11 14 13 11 17 18 15 14 20 12 17 17 17 15 57 58 58 61 62 39 41 49 50 53 30 36 31 27 32 29 31 29 31 31 31 34 39 37 35 56 56 50 48 47 32 30 27 28 24 39 2 1 1 1 1 43 40 43 41 43 34 32 28 26 26 46 45 47 49 49 33 35 35 36 33 1 2 2 2 2 6 6 5 3 4 21 22 19 19 16 54 50 48 42 44 59 59 59 58 60 38 37 38 35 38 35 29 40 44 45 10 13 12 11 10 3 4 6 4 5 51 48 54 57 63


2014

21

2017 57 15 16 22 55 45 9 40 31 58 48 53 32 5 26 4 25 17 50 7 44 23 51 59 21 13 39 27 56 38 19 35 29 20 24 49 61 6 14 10 62 46 37 33 28 54 42 36 1 43 34 47 30 2 8 12 41 52 18 60 11 3 63

Capital

Subfactors

Knowledge 2016 55 14 19 18 54 47 5 37 35 56 44 32 8 27 6 22 15 45 11 42 26 53 60 20 13 34 23 48 43 17 33 29 21 24 52 57 4 10 9 58 46 38 31 28 49 40 1 41 36 51 30 3 7 16 39 50 25 59 12 2 61


2013

Talent

2015 58 9 26 19 56 54 4 37 33 53 46 31 8 27 3 20 17 40 14 44 24 50 60 25 10 36 23 49 35 18 34 28 16 21 48 55 6 13 11 57 45 38 29 32 51 41 1 43 39 47 30 5 7 15 42 52 22 59 12 2 61


KNOWLEDGE

2014 58 10 24 25 55 53 8 34 38 49 45 31 7 23 4 22 14 48 13 36 27 56 57 17 11 41 20 46 35 21 33 32 19 15 51 6 18 9 59 43 39 30 28 54 42 1 40 37 47 29 3 5 16 44 52 26 50 12 2 60


w Overall top weaknesses

2013 56 11 25 23 52 55 10 34 38 47 49 31 7 27 4 19 16 44 9 35 26 51 58 22 12 40 20 53 42 14 33 30 18 17 43 5 21 8 57 39 36 29 28 59 46 1 41 37 50 32 2 6 13 45 48 24 54 15 3 60

Talent

FRANCE

u Overall top strengths


54 8 12 17 60 51 9 34 23 58 59 56 26 6 40 10 24 16 47 4 46 38 43 48 15 21 44 41 55 36 25 29 33 31 27 53 62 3 14 20 61 39 28 30 19 45 35 22 1 50 37 52 32 11 2 18 42 49 5 57

61 51 4 29 48 39 10 50 53 45 41 22 49 5 2 8 35 15 55 27 43 7 57 59 34 11 46 31 58 21 13 20 6 30 3 44 38 32 36 12 60 54 23 18 24 52 14 16 9 40 17 37 42 1 25 28 47 63 56 26

42 14 21 27 44 30 4 59 3 58 35 51 34 19 38 12 10 15 33 7 46 37 6 54 31 2 32 16 62 56 9 47 28 23 26 57 60 18 20 22 63 53 40 36 55 41 25 61 8 39 24 49 29 5 13 17 43 48 52 45

46 11 25 16 60 50 21 33 32 58 52 45 43 8 23 2 15 20 49 6 29 22 59 61 14 26 42 37 53 18 28 34 27 10 30 39 57 9 7 3 51 62 47 19 31 41 36 48 1 55 44 54 35 4 13 24 38 40 5 56

59 16 38 23 56 46 1 20 22 55 52 54 15 25 18 10 26 19 58 6 44 43 28 37 49 27 53 33 30 51 41 31 42 3 9 45 61 5 4 7 48 29 32 50 17 60 57 36 14 39 40 35 34 13 11 8 21 47 12 62

56 21 22 31 48 34 27 46 47 55 40 54 15 5 18 8 25 26 49 9 45 11 63 58 13 28 42 6 53 35 2 24 17 32 19 52 59 14 20 3 61 50 39 43 36 33 37 41 1 38 44 57 23 7 10 4 30 51 29 60

49 4 25 21 45 47 13 30 32 53 43 56 42 1 31 3 26 22 41 9 57 16 59 63 12 18 27 14 55 48 10 46 35 33 28 40 39 5 20 8 61 50 38 34 15 60 44 29 11 52 37 54 24 7 23 19 51 36 17 58

36 42 8 21 46 61 5 31 24 54 62 51 33 11 19 17 44 18 53 25 58 10 29 35 2 9 30 57 34 27 48 41 28 16 12 55 63 7 26 20 50 23 45 40 15 60 59 38 14 52 43 37 47 13 4 6 32 39 1 56

54 10 9 19 49 55 15 40 44 45 46 47 33 11 25 2 20 16 48 21 38 28 56 61 24 7 35 18 50 39 23 36 29 5 34 52 62 3 17 14 59 57 41 32 27 58 43 31 1 37 30 42 26 4 13 22 53 51 8 60

Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Bulgaria Canada Chile China Mainland Colombia Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hong Kong SAR Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea Rep. Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Mexico Mongolia Netherlands New Zealand Norway Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey UAE Ukraine


17

T h e I M D Wo r l d D i g i t a l C o m p e t i t i v e n e s s R a n k i n g: Analytical Framework Dr Christos Cabolis Chief Economist & Head of Operations IMD World Competitiveness Center

Dr José Caballero Senior Economist IMD World Competitiveness Center

I. Introduction The IMD World Competitiveness Ranking is published annually since 1989. It uses a broad definition for competitiveness: the extent to which a country is able to foster an environment in which enterprises can generate sustainable value. And in order to calculate the index it employs more than 260 variables classified in twenty distinct sub-factors such as international trade, societal framework, productivity and education. Despite the plethora of the criteria, the nature of country competitiveness constantly evolves. In an effort to keep up with this evolution, every edition of the IMD World Competitiveness Ranking incorporates a number of new indicators that enable us to better capture the competitiveness of countries. There are instances, however, when a more drastic approach is required and the introduction of a new ranking is necessary. This happens when structural changes in the economic environment demand attention in order to better

understand their involvement and implications. In the last decade economies have experienced technological changes in rapid succession in comparison to past developments (Loucks et al. 2016). These transformations affect not only how businesses function but also how countries perform today and how they will evolve in the future. From 3D-printing, robotics, and neuro-technology to digital-currencies and e-participation, the landscape of current capabilities and future prospects changes swiftly. This rapid transformation needs to be quantified and assessed so that decision makers in both public and private sectors can address it. The newly instituted IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking measures a country’s ability to adopt and explore digital technologies leading to transformation in government practices, business models and society in general. In comparison with the Competitiveness Ranking then, the Digital Competitiveness Ranking is much more focused.

II. Motivation and objective In the existing competitiveness ranking, technology is acknowledged and quantified mainly in the Scientific and Technological Infrastructure sub-factors. For instance, the innovative capacity of a country is heavily rooted in areas such as the concentration of scientists and engineers in the workforce, the degree of protection of intellectual property, and the depth of cooperation among the public, private and academic sectors. The above mentioned sub-factors provide a proxy for scientific and technological innovation. Graph 1 shows the positive relationship between the Competitiveness Ranking and the Scientific Infrastructure (with correlation coefficient equal to 0.73.) Similarly, Graph 2 presents the same type of relation between competitiveness and the Technological Infrastructure sub-factor (where the correlation coefficient is 0.87.) In both cases, higher measures in the sub-factor are associated with higher measures in the Competitiveness Ranking. Governments around the world are investing in scientific and technological infrastructure in order to augment value creation and prosperity in their countries via the digital economy. While the existence of technology is an essential and necessary condition for the future well-being of an economy, it is not sufficient to maximize competitiveness. Digital technology needs not only to be implemented, but

18


also to be explored in order to achieve two important goals: first, to improve efficiency, and second, to enhance both the range as well as the quality of services provided to citizens and businesses alike. In turn, readiness toward digital transformation is emphasized by an organizational tendency to adopt new technologies and related processes. Such inclination requires shifts in behaviors and responsibilities (Haeckel, 2013). The transformations experienced as a result of the swift technological changes and the subsequent digitalization of the economies call for a more concentrated analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of a country. Thus, the IMD World Competitiveness Center deemed it fundamental to develop a new analytical framework to assess the state of digital affairs and further our understanding of competitiveness. The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking assesses the capabilities and readiness of the economy to undertake the process of digital transformation. Given its focus, the Digital Competitiveness Ranking therefore complements the broader Competitiveness Ranking by fostering a better understanding of the forces related to the digital economy as well as its contribution to the country performance.

Graph 1 : Competitiveness - Scientific infrastructure Graph 1. Relation between Competitiveness and the Scientific Infrastructure sub-factor 70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Graph 2: Competitiveness - Technological infrastructure Graph 2. Relation between Competitiveness and Technological Infrastructure sub-factor 70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

III. Digital competitiveness: Analytical framework Digital Competitiveness is defined as the capacity of an economy to adopt and explore digital technologies leading to the transformation in government practices, business models and society in general. In this way, firms increase the opportunities to strengthen future value creation. The innovative “surge” underlining digital transformation requires a set of specific factors in order to ensure the achievement of maximum benefits from such a phenomenon. The assimilation of innovative knowledge requires “mediating” variables that lead to the development of the institutional/organizational capacity to absorb (Van Den Bosch et al., 1999) and transform (Dolata, 2009) in order to adapt to technological changes. To put it differently, the capacity to absorb and transform entails that the exploitation of technological changes involves the recognition of new and external knowledge, its assimilation and application for economic ends (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990).

Technological transformation occurs within a spectrum of modes ranging from “anticipative” to “smooth adjustment” to “reactive and disruptive” shifts (Dolata, 2009). This implies that transformation is gradual requiring shifts at the organizational, institutional and structural levels. Organizations need to be able to recognize, communicate and assume the challenges brought about by the emergence of new technologies. Institutions must further their “openness and flexibility” to adapt to transformations and in the process readjust relevant rules, regulations, norms and beliefs. Finally, the structural level is the degree of “permeability of research, production, market and demand conditions” in encouraging innovation, the development of new products, the emergence of new markets and the entry of new actors into relevant sectors (Dolata, 2009). It follows that a digital competitiveness framework must be built on factors, which encompass organizational, institutional


19

and structural elements. Furthermore, these elements need to incorporate, for example, the assimilation and application of knowledge, the role of research in transformation, the effectiveness of relevant regulation, the adoption of new technologies, and the openness and flexibility to confront

the resulting changes. We thus capture such elements through three factors: Knowledge, Technology and Future Readiness. Figure 1 illustrates the model that underlines the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking.

Figure 1. The Digital Competitiveness model

Knowledge

Technology

Future Readiness

Talent


Adaptive attitudes

Training and education

Capital

Business agility



IT concentration


Knowledge factor

Technology factor

Knowledge creation and use is fundamental for “absorbing” technological transformation (Zahra and George, 2002). Earlier knowledge facilitates the assimilation and use of new technologies as well as the availability of “diversity of expertise” (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990). Available relevant talent and strategies to develop the talent pool is thus a decisive component of digital transformation. The past experience in innovation influences the successful adaptation of groundbreaking ideas (Hage, 1999). In this sense, investment on R&D makes that capacity “pathdependent” (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990). Limited initial investment, for example, may lead to imperfect digital adaptation. The scope of knowledge is also fundamental (Van Den Bosch et al., 1999): it provides the environment of ideas from which innovative trends emerge. This is the context that encompasses investment in research and scientific output, for example.

Structural variables can influence the successful adaptation of innovative ideas (Hage, 1999). Among such variables it is important to point out the role of the regulatory framework in encouraging and facilitating the development of innovation. Transformation also needs institutions and organizations that support and are permeable to innovation (CepedaCarrion et al., 2012). In addition, new technologies require the existence of a “sponsor,” that is an entity willing to invest and promote new technologies (Katz and Shapiro, 1986). Innovative strategies and processes, product development, and identification and incursion into new markets necessary for successful transformation are thus driven by institutions and organizations (Cepeda-Carrion et al., 2012).

In this context, the Knowledge Factor refers to the necessary infrastructure, which underlines the process of digital transformation through the discovery, understanding and learning of new technologies. The factor encompasses three sub-factors: Talent, investment in Training and Education and Scientific Concentration. Talent is the pool of skills and capabilities available in a particular economy. The strength and level of development of the talent pool is interconnected to the priority assigned to the Training and Education of the workforce. Scientific Concentration highlights the investment and production of knowledge necessary for the digital transformation of an economy.

20


The Technology Factor thus assesses the overall context through which the development of digital technologies is enabled. This context includes first, a supportive Regulatory Framework which allows for the efficient performance of business activities and the enforcement of relevant regulation while encouraging business development and innovation. The second element of the technology factor is Capital which evaluates the availability and current investment on technology related development. It also considers the level of investment risk in a particular economy. The final element is the existing Technological Framework. The latter assesses the current physical technological infrastructure in a country and also its quality. In addition the framework accounts for high-tech production.

Future readiness factor Attitudes towards change influence the successful adaptation of innovative ideas (Hage, 1999). Readiness toward digital transformation is underlined by an organizational inclination to adopt new technologies and related processes. Such inclination requires shifts in behaviours and responsibilities (Haeckel, 2013). The uncertainty in the business context generated by the emergence of new technologies drives enterprises to become “agile” in order to maintain and sustain the competitive advantage (Mathiassen and PriesHeje, 2006). Simply put, readiness is interconnected with the agility of an organization. In this context, agility not only refers to the speed at which organizations approach changes, but also in their effective use of available resources in order to assume a suitable response to transformations and maximize the benefits from new opportunities (Haeckel, 2013). Knowledge management leads to an increased awareness that changes are necessary to confront transformation (Dove, 2005 and 2003). Knowledge sharing, in addition, plays an essential role in the capacity of organizations to identity the appropriate

response to technological shifts (Lane and Lubatkin, 1998). These responses lead to improved practices (e.g., better flow of information) which in turn facilitate the adoption and diffusion of new technologies (Mathiassen and Pries-Heje, 2006). The Future Readiness Factor thus examines the level of preparedness of an economy to assume its digital transformation. In this sense, it incorporates three components: Adaptive Attitudes, Business Agility, and IT Integration. Competitiveness requires that available digital technologies to be “absorbed” by society. The absorption of digital technologies needs particular Adaptive Attitudes including the willingness of a society to participate in digital-related processes, for example, to engage in internet purchases. Readiness also requires business flexibility in terms of adopting new technologies. In this sense, Business Agility implies that firms in a particular economy are able to transform their business models in order to take advantage of new opportunities. It also refers to the level of innovation that originates from the private sector. Readiness, finally, needs IT Integration which evaluates how well IT relevant practices and processes are applied by all actors.

IV. Methodology The IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking covers the same country sample (63 economies) as the IMD World Competitiveness Ranking. Table 1 presents all the components of Digital Competitiveness. There are 50 criteria divided into nine sub-factors which are in turn grouped into three factors. The ranking includes both types of indicators,

hard data (30) and survey data (20). It is important to point out that while the Digital Ranking and the Competitiveness Ranking share 31 indicators (both hard and survey data), the Digital Ranking incorporates 19 new criteria.

Table 1. Overall structure of Digital Competitiveness

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Regulatory framework Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Knowledge Training and education



Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital Investment in telecommunications

Communications technology Mobile broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)


E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security Sofware piracy

Technology Capital

Future readiness Business agility

Technological

IT integration


21

To develop the ranking, we use the same methodology employed in the IMD World Competitiveness Ranking. Accordingly, we assign two-thirds of the overall weight of the digital ranking to hard data and one-third to survey data. When developing the ranking, we undertake the following steps.

A short description about our methodology is presented in the Methodology in a Nutshell for the Digital Ranking, page 318 . A complete discussion of the methodology used to calculate all the rankings produced by the IMD World Competitiveness Center is available in our website www.imd.org/wcc section “Methodology, factors and criteria”.

1. We aggregate the standardized values of indicators into sub-factors

2. We then aggregate sub-factor into factors 3. We aggregate factors into the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking

V. Concluding remarks Many technological changes lead to disruptions in the workings of government, businesses and society at large. A disruption is, by definition, something that cannot be accounted for. The issue for decision makers, therefore, is to be in a position to be able to address such drastic changes. We suggest that the economies which exhibit high levels of adaptability and agility are better placed to face abrupt adjustments. A prerequisite, so to speak, for the exhibition of these characteristics are the stock of knowledge and technological competencies available in a country. The new ranking provides decision makers with the ability to identify the strengths of their economy and improve their weaknesses. Undoubtedly, the two rankings exhibit a strong positive correlation. Highly ranked economies with respect to Competitiveness also, on average, exhibit a high Digital Ranking. Graph 3 presents the positions in the two rankings for the 63 economies that we study. Countries like Singapore, USA, New Zealand, Belgium, Saudi Arabia and Jordan, among others, enjoy similar positions in both.

22


Nevertheless, many countries exhibit differences, large and small, between the two rankings. Thus, countries like Ireland, Luxemburg, China, Thailand, Cyprus and Indonesia, among others, are ranked in higher positions in the Competitiveness Ranking. Alternatively, countries like Sweden, Finland, Israel, Estonia, Slovenia and Croatia among others are placed better in the Digital Ranking. Comparative research among different countries as well as case studies are needed to identify any common properties for such differences. The production of the IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking is the culmination of a long research undertaking by the IMD World Competitiveness Center. We are particularly happy that the outcome of this research is included in the 2017 IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook!

Graph 3. Relation between Competitiveness and Digital Competitiveness

World Competitiveness Ranking Compared to Digital Ranking WCY 2017

Hong Kong SAR Singapore

7

1

Switzerland

8

2 1

3

USA

3 4

Netherlands

5 6

Ireland

21

6

Denmark

5

Luxembourg Sweden

7 20

8 2

9

UAE

18

10

Norway

10 11

Canada

9

12

Germany

17

13

Taiwan Finland

12

14

4

15

New Zealand

14

16

Qatar

28

17

China Mainland United Kingdom

31

18 11

19

Iceland 15

21

13

22

Belgium

22 23

Malaysia Austria

23

20

Australia Israel

24 16

25

Japan

26 27

Thailand

27

Czech Republic Korea Rep.

41 32

28 19

29

Estonia France

26

30

25

31

Kazakhstan Lithuania Spain

Digital 2017

38

32 29

33 30

34

Chile

40

35

Saudi Arabia

36

Cyprus

37

Poland

37 38

Portugal

33

53 39

Latvia

35

40

Philippines Slovenia Italy

46

41

Indonesia

59

42 34

43 39

44

India Russia

51

45 42

46

Turkey

52

47

Mexico

48 49

Bulgaria

45

49

Romania Slovak Republic Hungary South Africa

54

50 43

51 44

52 47

53

Colombia

58

54

Peru Jordan

56

Greece

50

57

Argentina Croatia

57 58 48

59

Ukraine Brazil Mongolia Venezuela

62

55

60 55

61 61 62 63


23

References Cepeda-Carrion, G., Cegarra-Navarro, J. G., and Jimenez-Jimenez, D. (2012). The effect of absorptive capacity on innovativeness: Context and information systems capability as catalysts. British Journal of Management, 23(1), 110-129. Cohen, W. M., and Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative science quarterly, 128-152. Dolata, U. (2009). Technological innovations and sectoral change: Transformative capacity, adaptability, patterns of change: An analytical framework. Research policy, 38(6), 1066-1076. Dove R. (2005) Agile Enterprise Cornerstones: Knowledge, Values, and Response Ability. In: Baskerville R.L., Mathiassen L., Pries-Heje J., DeGross J.I. (eds) Business Agility and Information Technology Diffusion. TDIT 2005. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, vol 180. Boston: Springer. Dove, R. (2003). Knowledge management and agility: Relationships and roles. In Handbook on knowledge management (pp. 309-330). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Haeckel, S. H. (2013). Adaptive enterprise: Creating and leading sense-and-respond organizations. Boston: Harvard business press. Hage, J. T. (1999). Organizational innovation and organizational change. Annual review of sociology, 25(1), 597-622. Katz, M. L., and Shapiro, C. (1986). Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities. Journal of political economy, 94(4), 822-841. Lane, P. J., and Lubatkin, M. (1998). Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning. Strategic management journal, 461-477. Loucks, J., Macaulay , J., Noronha, A., and Wade, M. (2016). Digital Vortex: How Today’s Market Leaders Can Beat Disruptive Competitors at Their Own Game. Lausanne: DBT Center Press. Mathiassen, L., and Pries-Heje, J. (2006). Business agility and diffusion of information technology. European Journal of Information Systems, 15(2), 116. Van Den Bosch, F. A., Volberda, H. W., and De Boer, M. (1999). Coevolution of firm absorptive capacity and knowledge environment: Organizational forms and combinative capabilities. Organization science, 10(5), 551-568. Zahra, S. A., and George, G. (2002). Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of management review, 27(2), 185-203.

24



25

26

IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK 2017

WORLD DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKINGS 2017 The statistical tables are provided only in PDF format on the USB key drive available on the cover of the IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2017.

Visit our eShop


27

T h e 2 0 1 7 I M D Wo r l d D i g i t a l DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING (Ranks 1 - 30) 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100.000

(1) Singapore 1

95.938

(3) Sweden 2

95.410

(2) USA 3

95.026

(6) Finland 4

94.524

(8) Denmark 5

93.225

(4) Netherlands 6

92.135

(11) Hong Kong SAR 7

91.998

(7) Switzerland 8

91.671

(5) Canada 9

90.790

(9) Norway 10

88.943

(16) Taiwan 12

86.662

(13) Israel 13

85.238

(10) New Zealand 14

85.006

(14) Australia 15

84.121

(19) Austria 16

84.108

(15) Germany 17

83.147

(25) UAE 18

82.961

(17) Korea Rep. 19

82.874

(21) Luxembourg 20

82.873

(20) Ireland 21

80.771

(18) Belgium 22

80.487

(26) Iceland 23

79.944

(24) Malaysia 24

78.810

(22) France 25

78.458

(27) Estonia 26

78.094

(23) Japan 27 (28) Qatar 28

75.021

(29) Lithuania 29

72.091

(30) Spain 30

(2016 rankings are in parentheses)

28

(12) United Kingdom 11

87.566

76.082


100

Competitiveness Rankings DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS RANKING (Ranks 31 - 63) 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

71.452

70

90

100

(35) China Mainland 31

70.554

(32) Czech Republic 32

69.673

(31) Portugal 33

68.691

(36) Slovenia 34

67.688

(33) Latvia 35

66.125

() Saudi Arabia 36

65.872

(38) Poland 37

65.704

(43) Kazakhstan 38

65.467

(34) Italy 39

65.383

(37) Chile 40

63.771

(39) Thailand 41

62.854

(40) Russia 42

59.278

(41) Slovak Republic 43

58.496

(42) Hungary 44

56.792

(47) Bulgaria 45

55.887

(46) Philippines 46

55.709

(51) South Africa 47

54.813

(44) Croatia 48

54.483

(52) Mexico 49

54.424

(45) Greece 50

54.367

(53) India 51

53.867

(50) Turkey 52

53.503

() Cyprus 53

52.529

(49) Romania 54

52.290

(54) Brazil 55

51.010

(48) Jordan 56

49.800

(55) Argentina 57

48.462

(56) Colombia 58

44.225

(60) Indonesia 59

44.005

(59) Ukraine 60

41.130

(57) Mongolia 61

41.076

(58) Peru 62

23.463

80

The IMD Digital World Competitiveness Ranking presents the 2017 overall ranking for the 63 economies covered by the WCY. The economies are ranked from the most to the least competitive and the results from the previous year’s ranking (2016) are shown in brackets. The Scores shown to the left are actually indices (0 to 100) generated for the unique purpose of constructing charts and graphics.

(61) Venezuela 63



29

Methodology in a Nutshell

1. The IMD World Digital Competitiveness (WDC) ranking analyzes and ranks countries’ ability to adopt and explore digital technologies leading to transformation in government practices, business models and society in general. 2. As in the case of the IMD World Competitiveness ranking, we assume that digital transformation takes place primarily at enterprise level (whether private or state-owned) but it also occurs at the government and society levels. 3. Based on our research, the methodology of the WDC ranking defines digital competitiveness into three main factors: - Knowledge - Technology - Future readiness 4. In turn, each of these factors is divided into 3 sub-factors which highlight every facet of the areas analyzed. Altogether, the WDC features 9 such sub-factors. 5. These 9 sub-factors comprise 50 criteria, although each sub-factor does not necessarily have the same number of criteria (for example, it takes more criteria to assess Training and Education than to evaluate IT integration). 6. Each sub-factor, independently of the number of criteria it contains, has the same weight in the overall consolidation of results, that is approximately 11.1% (9x11.1 ~100). 7. Criteria can be hard data, which analyze digital competitiveness as it can be measured (e.g. Internet bandwidth speed) or soft data, which analyze competitiveness as it can be perceived (e.g. Agility of companies). Hard criteria represent a weight of 2/3 in the overall ranking whereas the survey data represent a weight of 1/3. 8. The 50 criteria include 19 new indicators which are only used in the assessment of the WDC ranking. The rest of the indicators are shared with the IMD World Competitiveness Ranking. 9. In addition, some criteria are for background information only, which means that they are not used in calculating the overall competitiveness ranking (i.e., Population and GDP). 10. Finally, aggregating the results of the 9 sub-factors makes the total consolidation, which leads to the overall ranking of the WDC.

30


W h a t i s t h e I M D Wo r l d D i g i t a l Competitiveness ranking?

S U B - FA CTO R S

FA C T O R S

Digital Competitiveness Factors and Sub-factors

Technology

Knowledge Know-how necessary to discover, understand and build new technologies.

Future Readiness

Overall context that enables the development of digital technologies.

Level of country preparedness to exploit digital transformation.

Talent

Regulatory Framework

Adaptive Attitudes

Training and Education

Capital

Business Agility

Scientific Concentration

Technological Framework

IT Integration

Computing the Rankings

Hard Data

Survey Data

Statistics from international regional and national sources

International panel of experts Executive Opinion Survey

30 Criteria

20 Criteria

Compute STD Values Individually, for all criteria used in the rankings 50 Criteria

Criteria Rankings

Factor Rankings

Overall Rankings

Each of the 50 criteria is individually ranked for the countries

Knowledge, Technology, Future Readiness

Aggregates the STD values for all the 50 ranked criteria


31

T h e 2 0 1 7 I M D Wo r l d D i g i t a l Competitiveness Rankings : S e le c t e d B re a k d o w n s Populations greater than 20 million Populations greater than 20 million 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

95.410

USA 1

91.671

Canada 2

88.943

United Kingdom 3

87.566

Taiwan 4

85.006

Australia 5

84.108

Germany 6

82.961

Korea Rep. 7

79.944

Malaysia 8

78.810

France 9

78.094

Japan 10

72.091

Spain 11

71.452

China Mainland 12

66.125

Saudi Arabia 13

65.872

Poland 14

65.467

Italy 15

63.771

Thailand 16

62.854

Russia 17

55.887

Philippines 18

55.709

South Africa 19

54.483

Mexico 20

54.367

India 21

53.867

Turkey 22

52.290

Brazil 23

49.800

Argentina 24

48.462

Colombia 25

44.225

Indonesia 26

44.005

Ukraine 27

41.076

23.463

32

Peru 28

Venezuela 29


100

Populations less than 20 million Populations less than 20 million 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100.000

Singapore 1

95.938

Sweden 2

95.026

Finland 3

94.524

Denmark 4

93.225

Netherlands 5

92.135

Hong Kong SAR 6

91.998

Switzerland 7

90.790

Norway 8

86.662

Israel 9

85.238

New Zealand 10

84.121

Austria 11

83.147

UAE 12

82.874

Luxembourg 13

82.873

Ireland 14

80.771

Belgium 15

80.487

Iceland 16

78.458

Estonia 17

76.082

Qatar 18

75.021

Lithuania 19

70.554

Czech Republic 20

69.673

Portugal 21

68.691

Slovenia 22

67.688

Latvia 23

65.704

Kazakhstan 24

65.383

Chile 25

59.278

Slovak Republic 26

58.496

Hungary 27

56.792

Bulgaria 28

54.813

Croatia 29

54.424

Greece 30

53.503

Cyprus 31

52.529

Romania 32

51.010

Jordan 33

41.130

100

Mongolia 34


33

GDP per capita greater than $20,000 GDP per capita greater than $20,000 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Singapore 1

100.000 95.938

Sweden 2

95.410

USA 3

95.026

Finland 4

94.524

Denmark 5

93.225

Netherlands 6

92.135

Hong Kong SAR 7

91.998

Switzerland 8

91.671

Canada 9

90.790

Norway 10

88.943

United Kingdom 11

87.566

Taiwan 12

86.662

Israel 13

85.238

New Zealand 14

85.006

Australia 15

84.121

Austria 16

84.108

Germany 17

83.147

UAE 18

82.961

Korea Rep. 19

82.874

Luxembourg 20

82.873

Ireland 21

80.771

Belgium 22

80.487

Iceland 23

78.810

France 24

78.094

Japan 25

76.082

Qatar 26

72.091

Spain 27

68.691

Slovenia 28

66.125

Saudi Arabia 29

65.467 53.503

34

100

Italy 30 Cyprus 31


GDP per capita less than $20,000 GDP per capita less than $20,000 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

90

100

Malaysia 1

79.944

Estonia 2

78.458 75.021

Lithuania 3

71.452

China Mainland 4

70.554

Czech Republic 5

69.673

Portugal 6

67.688

Latvia 7

65.872

Poland 8

65.704

Kazakhstan 9

65.383

Chile 10

63.771

Thailand 11

62.854

Russia 12

59.278

Slovak Republic 13

58.496

Hungary 14

56.792

Bulgaria 15

55.887

Philippines 16

55.709

South Africa 17

54.813

Croatia 18

54.483

Mexico 19

54.424

Greece 20

54.367

India 21

53.867

Turkey 22

52.529

Romania 23

52.290

Brazil 24

51.010

Jordan 25

49.800

Argentina 26

48.462

Colombia 27

44.225

Indonesia 28

44.005

Ukraine 29

41.130

Mongolia 30

41.076 23.463

80

Peru 31 Venezuela 32


35

Europe - Middle East - Africa Europe - Middle East - Africa 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

95.938

Sweden 1

95.026

Finland 2

94.524

Denmark 3

93.225

Netherlands 4

91.998

Switzerland 5

90.790

Norway 6

88.943

United Kingdom 7

86.662

Israel 8

84.121

Austria 9

84.108

Germany 10

83.147

UAE 11

82.874

Luxembourg 12

82.873

Ireland 13

80.771

Belgium 14

80.487

Iceland 15

78.810

France 16

78.458

Estonia 17

76.082

Qatar 18

75.021

Lithuania 19

72.091

Spain 20

70.554

Czech Republic 21

69.673

Portugal 22

68.691

Slovenia 23

67.688

Latvia 24

66.125

Saudi Arabia 25

65.872

Poland 26

65.704

Kazakhstan 27

65.467

Italy 28

62.854

Russia 29

59.278

Slovak Republic 30

58.496

Hungary 31

56.792

Bulgaria 32

55.709

Croatia 34

54.424

Greece 35

53.867

Turkey 36

53.503

Cyprus 37

52.529

Romania 38

51.010

Jordan 39

44.005

36

South Africa 33

54.813

Ukraine 40


100

Asia - Pacific Asia - Pacific 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100 Singapore 1

100.000 Hong Kong SAR 2

92.135

Taiwan 3

87.566

New Zealand 4

85.238

Australia 5

85.006 82.961

Korea Rep. 6

79.944

Malaysia 7

78.094

Japan 8

71.452

China Mainland 9

63.771

Thailand 10

55.887

Philippines 11

54.367

India 12

44.225

Indonesia 13

41.130

Mongolia 14

The Americas The Americas 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

80

90

100

USA 1

95.410

Canada 2

91.671 Chile 3

65.383 Mexico 4

54.483

Brazil 5

52.290

Argentina 6

49.800

Colombia 7

48.462

Peru 8

41.076 23.463

70

Venezuela 9


37

Knowledge KNOWLEDGE Know-how necessary to discover, understand and build new technologies

0

10 92.479 89.310 86.792 86.170 85.878 85.392 85.254 85.245 84.402 82.976 81.417 81.337 78.683 77.452 75.447 75.242 74.533 73.464 73.114 72.967 72.122 71.933 71.177 70.344 70.261 70.043 69.145 68.825 68.787 68.559 67.772 65.405 63.648 63.339 62.450 61.292 60.982 60.635 60.073 58.947 58.368 58.121 55.324 55.265 53.895 53.848 53.139 53.074 52.772 51.684 51.524 50.874 50.101 47.848 46.364 44.252 43.765 41.588 40.940 38.923 36.499 28.932 25.588

20

30

40

60

70

80

90

100

(1) Singapore 1 (2) Sweden 2 (7) Canada 3 (3) Switzerland 4 (4) USA 5 (6) Hong Kong SAR 6 (5) Israel 7 (8) Denmark 8 (9) Finland 9 (11) United Kingdom 10 (13) Netherlands 11 (12) Austria 12 (10) Germany 13 (15) Korea Rep. 14 (17) Norway 15 (19) Taiwan 16 (22) Malaysia 17 (16) Australia 18 (21) France 19 (14) New Zealand 20 (18) Lithuania 21 (20) Belgium 22 (24) China Mainland 23 (28) Russia 24 (25) Ireland 25 (26) Slovenia 26 (29) Luxembourg 27 (30) Estonia 28 (23) Japan 29 (32) Iceland 30 (31) Portugal 31 (27) Poland 32 (36) Spain 33 (33) Latvia 34 (37) Qatar 35 (34) Czech Republic 36 (39) India 37 (35) UAE 38 () Saudi Arabia 39 (47) Kazakhstan 40 (38) Bulgaria 41 (40) Italy 42 (41) Slovak Republic 43 (42) Thailand 44 (44) Ukraine 45 () Cyprus 46 (48) Romania 47 (43) Hungary 48 (49) South Africa 49 (45) Croatia 50 (46) Greece 51 (51) Chile 52 (50) Philippines 53 (52) Mexico 54 (54) Brazil 55 (53) Argentina 56 (56) Colombia 57 (60) Indonesia 58 (55) Mongolia 59 (58) Turkey 60 (59) Jordan 61 (61) Peru 62 (57) Venezuela 63


38

50


Technology TECHNOLOGY Overall context that enables the development of digital technologies

0

10 100.000 93.871 91.428 91.360 90.810 88.884 87.729 87.635 87.064 86.122 85.918 83.336 82.209 81.363 80.258 78.979 78.590 77.093 76.933 76.118 75.507 75.180 75.176 74.054 73.921 73.822 71.188 70.490 69.776 68.525 68.473 67.937 67.815 64.483 64.323 63.624 62.253 59.922 58.444 57.680 56.742 55.883 55.257 54.333 54.186 51.432 51.273 50.715 50.560 50.259 49.150 45.447 45.035 43.920 42.827 40.784 40.655 39.015 38.084 37.763 30.621 26.500 (61) -61 Venezuela 63

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

(1) Singapore 1 (3) Norway 2 (2) Hong Kong SAR 3 (7) Finland 4 (4) Sweden 5 (5) USA 6 (8) Taiwan 7 (9) Switzerland 8 (10) Netherlands 9 (12) Denmark 10 (6) New Zealand 11 (11) Luxembourg 12 (14) Canada 13 (20) UAE 14 (15) Australia 15 (18) United Kingdom 16 (13) Korea Rep. 17 (16) Malaysia 18 (17) Estonia 19 (22) Iceland 20 (25) Germany 21 (23) France 22 (19) Japan 23 (21) Belgium 24 (27) Ireland 25 (26) Czech Republic 26 (24) Israel 27 (28) Austria 28 (29) Lithuania 29 (30) Thailand 30 (31) Qatar 31 (33) Latvia 32 (32) Spain 33 (34) Chile 34 (42) Kazakhstan 35 (39) China Mainland 36 (35) Portugal 37 (37) Hungary 38 (36) Poland 39 (40) Slovenia 40 () Saudi Arabia 41 (38) Bulgaria 42 (41) Slovak Republic 43 (47) Russia 44 (44) Italy 45 (46) Romania 46 (43) Croatia 47 (49) Mexico 48 (48) Turkey 49 (45) Jordan 50 (50) Philippines 51 (52) Greece 52 (51) South Africa 53 () Cyprus 54 (54) Brazil 55 (58) Indonesia 56 (53) Peru 57 (56) Argentina 58 (57) India 59 (59) Colombia 60 (55) Mongolia 61 (60) Ukraine 62



39

Future Readiness FUTURE READINESS Level of country preparedness to exploit digital transformation

0

10 94.745 94.009 93.736 91.857 90.235 90.062 89.983 88.553 87.414 86.978 86.085 85.592 84.730 83.837 83.077 82.267 82.125 80.675 79.865 79.370 79.324 78.868 78.682 75.382 72.861 72.158 70.747 70.676 67.351 66.636 65.707 64.101 63.333 62.097 61.533 60.890 59.089 56.382 56.307 54.659 54.329 51.861 50.952 50.220 50.063 49.794 48.840 48.811 48.672 47.426 46.577 46.427 46.398 45.282 45.032 44.022 38.666 36.181 35.556 34.370 34.160 32.845 27.341

20

30

40

60

70

80

90

100

(6) Denmark 1 (1) USA 2 (2) Netherlands 3 (5) Finland 4 (8) Sweden 5 (4) Singapore 6 (17) UAE 7 (3) Canada 8 (11) United Kingdom 9 (12) Ireland 10 (9) Israel 11 (13) Norway 12 (10) Switzerland 13 (7) Australia 14 (19) Austria 15 (22) Taiwan 16 (27) Hong Kong SAR 17 (14) Germany 18 (21) Qatar 19 (15) New Zealand 20 (18) Iceland 21 (16) Belgium 22 (24) Luxembourg 23 (25) Korea Rep. 24 (23) Japan 25 (26) Estonia 26 (28) Malaysia 27 (20) France 28 (30) Spain 29 (29) Italy 30 (33) Lithuania 31 () Saudi Arabia 32 (32) Chile 33 (38) China Mainland 34 (31) Portugal 35 (35) Slovenia 36 (34) Czech Republic 37 (41) Kazakhstan 38 (51) Poland 39 (42) Turkey 40 (39) Latvia 41 (47) South Africa 42 (40) Philippines 43 (49) Brazil 44 (48) Thailand 45 (43) Slovak Republic 46 (36) Greece 47 (37) Jordan 48 (46) Argentina 49 (56) Mexico 50 (54) India 51 (53) Russia 52 (44) Colombia 53 () Cyprus 54 (45) Hungary 55 (50) Croatia 56 (58) Bulgaria 57 (55) Peru 58 (57) Romania 59 (52) Mongolia 60 (61) Ukraine 61 (60) Indonesia 62 (59) Venezuela 63


40

50



41

Factor Rankings - 5 years overview


42

2013 56 11 25 23 52 55 10 34 38 47 49 31 7 27 4 19 16 44 9 35 26 51 58 22 12 40 20 53 42 14 33 30 18 17 43 5 21 8 57 39 36 29 28 59 46 1 41 37 50 32 2 6 13 45 48 24 54 15 3 60

2014 58 10 24 25 55 53 8 34 38 49 45 31 7 23 4 22 14 48 13 36 27 56 57 17 11 41 20 46 35 21 33 32 19 15 51 6 18 9 59 43 39 30 28 54 42 1 40 37 47 29 3 5 16 44 52 26 50 12 2 60

2015 58 9 26 19 56 54 4 37 33 53 46 31 8 27 3 20 17 40 14 44 24 50 60 25 10 36 23 49 35 18 34 28 16 21 48 55 6 13 11 57 45 38 29 32 51 41 1 43 39 47 30 5 7 15 42 52 22 59 12 2 61


Knowledge 2016 55 14 19 18 54 47 5 37 35 56 44 32 8 27 6 22 15 45 11 42 26 53 60 20 13 34 23 48 43 17 33 29 21 24 52 57 4 10 9 58 46 38 31 28 49 40 1 41 36 51 30 3 7 16 39 50 25 59 12 2 61

2017 57 15 16 22 55 45 9 40 31 58 48 53 32 5 26 4 25 17 50 7 44 23 51 59 21 13 39 27 56 38 19 35 29 20 24 49 61 6 14 10 62 46 37 33 28 54 42 36 1 43 34 47 30 2 8 12 41 52 18 60 11 3 63

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 49 54 57 53 56 9 9 11 16 18 18 14 16 12 12 24 26 21 20 22 52 52 55 54 55 55 47 45 38 41 4 3 3 7 3 53 55 53 51 52 28 27 22 24 23 47 51 52 56 57 50 49 46 45 50 46 37 38 36 34 36 8 8 9 8 8 25 23 30 30 28 5 5 7 9 9 16 15 20 21 19 19 16 10 10 13 41 44 34 46 51 11 10 8 6 6 42 42 44 43 48 20 24 33 32 30 40 39 37 39 37 58 57 60 60 58 26 21 26 25 25 7 7 4 5 7 44 46 42 40 42 23 20 24 23 29 60 60 61 59 61 48 43 41 47 40 14 12 13 15 14 36 33 32 33 34 22 25 18 18 21 27 28 23 29 27 15 19 25 22 17 45 53 51 52 54 56 55 59 13 11 14 13 11 17 18 15 14 20 12 17 17 17 15 57 58 58 61 62 39 41 49 50 53 30 36 31 27 32 29 31 29 31 31 31 34 39 37 35 56 56 50 48 47 32 30 27 28 24 39 2 1 1 1 1 43 40 43 41 43 34 32 28 26 26 46 45 47 49 49 33 35 35 36 33 1 2 2 2 2 6 6 5 3 4 21 22 19 19 16 54 50 48 42 44 59 59 59 58 60 38 37 38 35 38 35 29 40 44 45 10 13 12 11 10 3 4 6 4 5 51 48 54 57 63

Technology

Future readiness

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 59 59 59 56 58 15 12 12 15 15 30 27 29 28 28 24 29 24 21 24 57 56 55 54 55 43 45 42 38 42 14 15 17 14 13 31 31 31 34 34 39 42 37 39 36 56 55 56 59 60 48 44 41 43 47 54 28 26 26 26 26 12 14 13 12 10 25 20 19 17 19 5 2 7 7 4 16 19 23 23 22 22 24 25 25 21 50 52 51 52 52 3 6 5 2 3 33 34 39 37 38 21 21 20 22 20 54 57 58 57 59 55 53 57 58 56 27 22 27 27 25 23 23 22 24 27 47 50 46 44 45 19 16 21 19 23 46 40 49 45 50 40 39 34 42 35 13 18 16 13 17 26 28 32 33 32 32 32 28 29 29 7 3 2 11 12 9 8 14 16 18 45 46 47 49 48 54 55 61 10 13 15 10 9 17 11 8 6 11 6 7 3 3 2 52 54 52 53 57 38 48 50 50 51 34 37 36 36 39 35 33 30 35 37 29 30 38 31 31 53 51 45 46 46 49 41 44 47 44 41 1 1 1 1 1 36 35 40 41 43 44 43 43 40 40 51 49 53 51 53 41 36 35 32 33 2 4 9 4 5 11 9 11 9 8 8 10 4 8 7 37 38 33 30 30 42 47 48 48 49 20 25 10 20 14 58 58 60 60 62 18 17 18 18 16 4 5 6 5 6 60 60 61 61 63

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 47 46 45 46 49 10 13 8 7 14 22 16 19 19 15 21 17 15 16 22 43 49 51 49 44 60 59 59 58 57 12 12 2 3 8 32 32 32 32 33 50 48 39 38 34 35 38 43 44 53 49 47 52 50 56 54 33 33 33 34 37 4 4 6 6 1 24 22 26 26 26 11 6 4 5 4 25 26 21 20 28 8 8 13 14 18 40 42 36 36 47 13 27 25 27 17 42 36 47 45 55 28 29 17 18 21 55 57 53 54 51 54 53 58 60 62 15 11 12 12 10 5 9 7 9 11 31 31 30 29 30 20 19 22 23 25 46 35 38 37 48 34 34 35 41 38 19 25 24 25 24 44 40 37 39 41 36 37 34 33 31 23 21 23 24 23 27 23 27 28 27 38 54 54 56 50 46 52 60 3 2 1 2 3 26 24 16 15 20 7 10 14 13 12 53 55 56 55 58 39 41 40 40 43 52 50 49 51 39 30 30 31 31 35 17 18 28 21 19 58 56 57 57 59 56 52 55 53 52 32 6 5 5 4 6 45 43 44 43 46 37 39 41 35 36 51 51 48 47 42 29 28 29 30 29 2 3 9 8 5 9 7 10 10 13 18 20 20 22 16 48 45 50 48 45 41 44 42 42 40 14 15 18 17 7 57 58 61 61 61 16 14 11 11 9 1 1 3 1 2 59 60 60 59 63



43

Sub-factor Rankings

44



Capital


Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

Future readiness



Technology

Talent

Knowledge

54 8 12 17 60 51 9 34 23 58 59 56 26 6 40 10 24 16 47 4 46 38 43 48 15 21 44 41 55 36 25 29 33 31 27 53 62 3 14 20 61 39 28 30 19 45 35 22 1 50 37 52 32 11 2 18 42 49 5 57 7 13 63

61 51 4 29 48 39 10 50 53 45 41 22 49 5 2 8 35 15 55 27 43 7 57 59 34 11 46 31 58 21 13 20 6 30 3 44 38 32 36 12 60 54 23 18 24 52 14 16 9 40 17 37 42 1 25 28 47 63 56 26 19 33 62

42 14 21 27 44 30 4 59 3 58 35 51 34 19 38 12 10 15 33 7 46 37 6 54 31 2 32 16 62 56 9 47 28 23 26 57 60 18 20 22 63 53 40 36 55 41 25 61 8 39 24 49 29 5 13 17 43 48 52 45 11 1 50

46 11 25 16 60 50 21 33 32 58 52 45 43 8 23 2 15 20 49 6 29 22 59 61 14 26 42 37 53 18 28 34 27 10 30 39 57 9 7 3 51 62 47 19 31 41 36 48 1 55 44 54 35 4 13 24 38 40 5 56 12 17 63

59 16 38 23 56 46 1 20 22 55 52 54 15 25 18 10 26 19 58 6 44 43 28 37 49 27 53 33 30 51 41 31 42 3 9 45 61 5 4 7 48 29 32 50 17 60 57 36 14 39 40 35 34 13 11 8 21 47 12 62 24 2 63

56 21 22 31 48 34 27 46 47 55 40 54 15 5 18 8 25 26 49 9 45 11 63 58 13 28 42 6 53 35 2 24 17 32 19 52 59 14 20 3 61 50 39 43 36 33 37 41 1 38 44 57 23 7 10 4 30 51 29 60 16 12 62

49 4 25 21 45 47 13 30 32 53 43 56 42 1 31 3 26 22 41 9 57 16 59 63 12 18 27 14 55 48 10 46 35 33 28 40 39 5 20 8 61 50 38 34 15 60 44 29 11 52 37 54 24 7 23 19 51 36 17 58 6 2 62

36 42 8 21 46 61 5 31 24 54 62 51 33 11 19 17 44 18 53 25 58 10 29 35 2 9 30 57 34 27 48 41 28 16 12 55 63 7 26 20 50 23 45 40 15 60 59 38 14 52 43 37 47 13 4 6 32 39 1 56 22 3 49

54 10 9 19 49 55 15 40 44 45 46 47 33 11 25 2 20 16 48 21 38 28 56 61 24 7 35 18 50 39 23 36 29 5 34 52 62 3 17 14 59 57 41 32 27 58 43 31 1 37 30 42 26 4 13 22 53 51 8 60 6 12 63



Digital Competitiveness Country Profiles


45

DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL

ARGENTINA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

56

Knowledge

57

58 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


61

42

Talent



46

59

56


Capital


49

36

54

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

56

58

58

55

57

Knowledge

49

54

57

53

56

Technology

59

59

59

56

58

Future readiness

47

46

45

46

49

OVERALL


Digital

2014

2015

2016 55

56

Competitiveness N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.

2017

58

59

57

58

58

59

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS THE AMERICAS (9 countries)

46

2013

2014

7

7

2015

8


2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

6

6

25

26

25


2016

2017

23

24

FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGHTS AND WEAKNESSES

ARGENTINA

u Overall top strengths w Overall top weaknesses

KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

55

58

59

50

54


45

44

56

57

61


44

45

42

40

42

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math u International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

49 24 46 51 56 24


Rank

Employee training w Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences u Women with degrees

57 61 56 54 3

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita u Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

49 42 3 29 56

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

53

51

54

46

46

Capital

59

59

59

59

59


58

56

56

54

56


Rank

w Starting a business Enforcing contracts u Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

60 37 2 55 46 52

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development w Banking and financial services w Investment risk Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

31 56 60 61 55 53

Technological framework w Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

62 51 40 54 57 39


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

53

53

49

49

49

Business agility

34

32

33

42

36

IT integration

52

52

54

51

54


Rank

44 37 46 44 59

Business agility u Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

12 46 44 39

IT integration E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

34 59 50 56


47


AUSTRALIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

18

Knowledge

15

15 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors

Gamma GammaLabel 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 18 1 1

51

14

Talent



11

16

21


Capital


4

42

10

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

11

10

9

14

15

Knowledge

9

9

11

16

18

Technology

15

12

12

15

15

Future readiness

10

13

8

7

14

OVERALL

COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS


2013

2014

2015

11

10

9

16

17

18


2016

2017

14

15

17

21

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS ASIA - PACIFIC (14 countries)

2013 3

48

2014

2015

2

2


2016 4

2017

5


2013

2014

2015

3

3

3

2016 4

2017

5


AUSTRALIA


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills u Net flow of international students

Rank

23 37 8 25 45 1

2013

2014

2015

2016

3

3

3

6

8

31

36

38

47

51

8

10

10

12

14


2017

Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement w Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) w Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

43 25 15 52 50 31

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

17 19 9 37

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

13

13

8

6

11

Capital

22

19

15

15

16


15

10

13

17

21


Rank

Starting a business u Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

5 3 32 28 19 15

Capital

Rank

34 35 23 11 33 9



Rank

54 8 9 21 40 28

FUTURE READINESS Subfactors

2013

2014

2015

2016

3

4

2

2

4

Business agility

22

27

26

22

42

IT integration

13

13

6

8

10

Adaptive attitudes

Adaptive attitudes u E-Participation Internet retailing u Tablet possession Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

2 10 3 13 39

Business agility w Opportunities and threats Innovative firms w Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

2017

Rank

56 18 56 37 25

IT integration u E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

2 24 40 5


49


AUSTRIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

12

Knowledge

16

28 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


4

21

Talent



25

38

22


Capital


25

8

9

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

25

24

26

19

16

Knowledge

18

14

16

12

12

Technology

30

27

29

28

28

Future readiness

22

16

19

19

15

OVERALL


2014

23

22

25

24

2015

2016

2017

Digital Competitiveness N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.

16

19 24

26

25


50

2013

2014

2015

15

14

16

2016

2017

11

9


POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION (34 countries)

2013

2014

2015

15

14

16

2016

2017

12

11


AUSTRIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

13

11

17

13

12


16

14

16

4

4


22

23

22

22

21

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills u Net flow of international students

Rank

19 16 26 18 36 5


Rank

u Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences w Women with degrees

1 21 33 3 6 41

Scientific concentration u Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

5 12 39 48 18 28

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

28

24

31

29

25

Capital

43

40

47

39

38


25

18

18

19

22


Rank

w Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

52 10 31 34 21 14

Capital

Rank

38 19 30 13 38 62

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital w Investment in Telecommunications

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

29 10 38 24 28 29


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

26

27

31

30

25

Business agility

9

7

10

9

8

IT integration

16

17

15

16

9

Adaptive attitudes

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession Smartphone possession w Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

14 17 30 37 45

Business agility Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

15 6 11 31 12

IT integration E-Government Public-private partnerships u Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

16 28 5 6


51


BELGIUM OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

22

Knowledge

22

24 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


29

27

Talent



16

23

31


Capital


21

21

19

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

23

25

19

18

22

Knowledge

24

26

21

20

22

Technology

24

29

24

21

24

Future readiness

21

17

15

16

22

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

19

18

23

22

2017


23


25

26

28

22 23


52

2013

2014

13

15

2015

2016

11

10


2017

2013

2014

14

13

15


2015

2016

12

11

2017

15


BELGIUM


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

16

22

11

12

17


21

22

26

24

29


34

30

31

30

27


Rank

14 10 28 36 32 9


Rank

Employee training u Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) w Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

30 9 24 34 47 24

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment w High-tech patent grants

Rank

12 16 31 35 22 46

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

10

18

15

13

16

Capital

29

34

24

19

23


34

33

30

29

31


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts u Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

11 39 8 20 16 20

Capital

Rank

37 16 29 19 17 31


Technological framework Communications technology w Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

20 42 39 20 17 30


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

30

26

20

18

21

Business agility

4

3

7

7

21

IT integration

22

25

22

23

19

Adaptive attitudes

Adaptive attitudes w E-Participation Internet retailing u Tablet possession Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

42 13 10 31 29

Business agility w Opportunities and threats u Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

44 8 37 36 16


Rank

19 20 25 11


53


BRAZIL OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

55

Knowledge

55

55 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


48

44

Talent



60

56

48


Capital


45

46

49

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

52

55

56

54

55

Knowledge

52

52

55

54

55

Technology

57

56

55

54

55

Future readiness

43

49

51

49

44

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

51 Digital

54

52

Competitiveness

55

54

56

55

57


61


54

2013

2014

2015

6

6

6


2016

2017

5

5


2013

2014

2015

23

23

23

2016

2017

22 23


BRAZIL


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

54

57

60

59

60


46

46

52

49

48


45

41

40

43

44

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel w Management of cities w Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

56 53 54 60 58 34


Rank

Employee training u Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences u Women with degrees

49 8 57 39 51 14

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers u R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

23 51 16 50

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

58

58

57

58

60

Capital

44

51

55

54

56


53

49

49

47

48


Rank

w Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws w Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

62 31 38 58 56 55

Capital

Rank


40 57 50 44 54 49

Technological framework w Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers u Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

60 26 20 46 54 31


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

42

43

43

44

45

Business agility

43

45

54

51

46

IT integration

46

49

51

48

49


Rank

32 42 41 53 37

Business agility Opportunities and threats Innovative firms u Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

37 20 54 56


Rank

42 58 57 36


55


BULGARIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

41

Knowledge

45

42 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


39

30

Talent



50

46

34


Capital


47

61

55

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

55

53

54

47

45

Knowledge

55

47

45

38

41

Technology

43

45

42

38

42

Future readiness

60

59

59

58

57

OVERALL


2014

2015

55 55 57

53 56

54 55

2016

2017

47

45

50

49



2013

37

56

2014

37

2015

37

2016

2017

33

32



2013

2014

2015

31

31

32

2016 30

2017 28


BULGARIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

59

56

54

52

51


49

45

47

40

39


35

35

32

31

30

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math w International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

43 58 55 43 16 52


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

42 36 40 16 33 20

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita u Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment u High-tech patent grants

Rank

38 34 7 46 37 12

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

56

52

51

48

50

Capital

42

43

43

36

46


40

39

35

34

34


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation w Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

43 36 48 51 60 57

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital u Investment in Telecommunications

46 47 47 52 43 3

Technological framework u Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

15 47 24 43 18 44


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

60

57

59

58

47

Business agility

59

59

60

60

61

IT integration

50

50

52

53

55


Rank

37 45 53 47 47

Business agility Opportunities and threats Innovative firms w Agility of companies w Use of big data and analytics w Knowledge transfer

Rank

55 42 58 63 60


Rank

43 57 58 50


57


CANADA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

3

Knowledge

9

13 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


10

4

Talent



21

1

27


Capital


13

5

15

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

10

8

4

5

9

Knowledge

4

3

3

7

3

Technology

14

15

17

14

13

Future readiness

12

12

2

3

8

OVERALL


2014

2015

7

4

8

5

Digital

7

Competitiveness

10


2016

2017

5 9

10

12


58


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2



CANADA


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors

2013

2014

2015

2016

11

8

8

10

9


9

13

12

13

10


3

3

4

4

4

Talent


Rank

9 19 11 13 21 12


2017

Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) w Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

20 19 6 34 -

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment u High-tech patent grants

Rank

24 19 11 10 6

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

9

15

12

17

21

Capital

8

6

8

5

1

23

24

26

24

27

Technological framework Regulatory framework

Rank

u Starting a business w Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

2 52 13 16 15 19

Capital

Rank

26 21 4 9 12 1

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development u Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital u Investment in Telecommunications

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers w Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed w High-tech exports (%)

Rank

27 21 46 9 22 25


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

17

17

16

16

13

Business agility

11

15

1

1

5

IT integration

11

9

3

7

15


Rank

8 16 16 18 13

Business agility w Opportunities and threats u Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

43 1 30 9 13


Rank

14 16 17 14


59


CHILE OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

52

Knowledge

40

34 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


50

59

Talent



33

20

46


Capital


30

31

40

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

34

34

37

37

40

Knowledge

53

55

53

51

52

Technology

31

31

31

34

34

Future readiness

32

32

32

32

33

OVERALL



2013

2014

30

31

34

34


2015

2016

2017

35

36

35

37

37

40


2013

3

60

2014

3

2015

3


2016

3

2017

3


2013

2014

23

23

2015

2016

24

24

2017

25


CHILE


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

32

30

35

35

34


51

54

51

52

50


57

58

58

58

59

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience u Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

46 17 9 39 35 40


Rank


40 30 48 28 39 39

Scientific concentration w Total expenditure on R&D (%) w Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment w High-tech patent grants

Rank

54 52 36 28 61

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

31

30

30

32

33

Capital

15

15

21

23

20


47

47

46

45

46


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts u Immigration laws Technological regulation w Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

32 41 10 33 49 36

Capital

Rank


44 43 12 15 32 5

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed w High-tech exports (%)

Rank

25 35 44 40 44 54


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

22

24

23

22

30

Business agility

41

39

45

44

31

IT integration

39

36

35

37

40

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession Smartphone possession u Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

28 40 29 23 8


Rank

9 35 10 23 34


Rank

35 38 29 47


61


CHINA MAINLAND OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

23

Knowledge

31

36 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


53

3

Talent



32

22

47


Capital


32

24

44

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

38

38

33

35

31

Knowledge

28

27

22

24

23

Technology

39

42

37

39

36

Future readiness

50

48

39

38

34

OVERALL


2014

2015

21

23

22

38

38

2016

2017


18 25

33

31

35


2013

9

62

2014

9

2015

9


2016

9

2017

9


2013 13

2014

2015

12

12

2016

2017 12

13


CHINA MAINLAND


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

22

23

18

21

23


55

53

55

54

53

6

5

3

3

3

Scientific concentration Talent u Educational assessment PISA - Math w International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

5 52 34 23 27 43


Rank


23 44 34 41 49


Rank

18 37 1 49 18

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

47

53

34

38

32

Capital

34

33

27

27

22


44

46

45

46

47


Rank

w Starting a business u Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

55 5 45 25 26 49

Capital

Rank


32 20 40 37 27 10

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband w Internet users w Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

19 35 45 56 55 10


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

49

45

38

36

32

Business agility

42

38

34

32

24

IT integration

54

54

49

50

44


Rank

19 22 47 48 7


Rank

18 21 39 21 27

IT integration E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security w Sofware piracy

Rank

48 15 14 58


63


COLOMBIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

57

Knowledge

58

60 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


45

58

Talent



58

55

55


Capital


53

54

45

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

47

49

53

56

58

Knowledge

47

51

52

56

57

Technology

56

55

56

59

60

Future readiness

35

38

43

44

53

OVERALL


2014

47

49

48

51

2015

2016

2017

51

51

54

53

56

58



64

2013

2014

2015

5

4

5


2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

7

7

19

19

22

24

25



COLOMBIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

50

53

53

55

58


37

40

42

46

45


53

52

50

57

58

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities w Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

52 57 37 53 60 32


Rank


34 31 46 32 28 40

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita u Female researchers u R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment w High-tech patent grants

Rank

55 56 24 22 60

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

51

55

56

57

58

Capital

50

54

53

53

55


54

54

52

55

55


Rank

Starting a business w Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation w Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

33 63 43 49 58 46

Capital

Rank


47 54 53 39 49 22

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users w Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

55 50 56 49 60 38


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

43

38

40

42

53

Business agility

37

35

47

47

54

IT integration

40

44

43

44

45

Adaptive attitudes u E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

23 49 33 56 40


Rank

58 37 50 45 43


Rank

44 40 55 41


65


CROATIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

50

Knowledge

48

47 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


41

35

Talent



52

52

40


Capital


43

62

46

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

49

45

46

44

48

Knowledge

50

49

46

45

50

Technology

48

44

41

43

47

Future readiness

49

47

52

50

56

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

49

45

46 58

44

48


59

58

58

59


2013 33

66

2014

2015

2016

31

32

31


2017

2013

34

29

2014

2015

28


2016

2017

28 29

29


CROATIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

58

59

57

56

59


42

37

39

37

41


39

40

35

36

35

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math w International experience w Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

38 62 62 58 51 53


Rank

w Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

63 32 43 8 24 21

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita u Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment u High-tech patent grants

Rank

43 40 11 41 27 15

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

48

48

47

47

52

Capital

56

46

42

48

52


31

37

39

40

40


Rank


48 7 60 61 59 58

Capital

Rank


58 59 55 57 7


Rank

51 37 30 33 45 40


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

45

44

54

54

43

Business agility

56

56

50

45

62

IT integration

37

38

44

46

46


Rank

22 43 45 29 61

Business agility w Opportunities and threats Innovative firms w Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

63 29 62 61 62


Rank

32 62 48 42


67


CYPRUS OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

46

Knowledge

53

54 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


2013

22

51

Talent



45

54

54


Capital


56

51

47

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2014

2015

2016

2017

OVERALL

53

Knowledge

46

Technology

54

Future readiness

54


2014

2015

2016

2017


37 N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.

53


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

37

68



2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

31


CYPRUS



2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

56


22


51

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills w Net flow of international students


Rank

44 26 21 26 38 60

Rank

w u u u

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences u Women with degrees

59 11 9 18 48 9


Rank

53 44 22 53 12 47

TECHNOLOGY Subfactors

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


45

Capital

54


54


Rank

Starting a business w Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

29 60 30 47 39 40

Capital

Rank


41 55 43 43 58 40

Technological framework Communications technology w Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

50 60 48 50 53


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

56

Business agility

51

IT integration

47


Rank

56 42

Business agility Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies w Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

53 24 53 60 49


Rank

49 50 51 33


69


CZECH REPUBLIC OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

36

Knowledge

32

26 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


49

34

Talent



43

15

15


Capital


42

33

33

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

31

31

31

32

32

Knowledge

37

38

36

34

36

Technology

28

26

26

26

26

Future readiness

33

33

33

34

37

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

29

27

28

31

32

32


31

31

35

33


2013

2014

2015

21

21

21

2016

2017

2013

21 22

70



21

2014

2015

20

20

2016

2017 20

21


CZECH REPUBLIC


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

29

25

20

22

26


41

49

50

50

49


41

39

36

33

34


Rank

26 39 39 34 33 11


Rank

Employee training w Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement w Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

26 50 42 51 25 19


Rank

20 23 42 33 26 27

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

35

34

35

39

43

Capital

26

23

20

17

15


22

25

24

15

15


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts w Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

42 43 52 45 31 27

Capital

Rank

u IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital u Investment in Telecommunications

11 25 14 21 15 14

Technological framework Communications technology u Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users u Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

31 9 25 28 12 22


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

37

35

46

48

42

Business agility

33

34

30

29

33

IT integration

33

31

31

36

33

Adaptive attitudes w E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

52 23 37 41 34


Rank

31 22 31 48 48


Rank

41 43 33 20


71


DENMARK OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

8

Knowledge

5

10 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


5

19

Talent



8

25

5


Capital


1

11

11

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

7

7

8

8

5

Knowledge

8

8

9

8

8

Technology

12

14

13

12

10

4

4

6

6

1

OVERALL

Future readiness


2014

2015

2016

2017

6

Digital

7

7

12

9


8

5

8

7


2013

5

72

2014

5

2015

5

2016


2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

3

6

6

6

6

5


2017 4


DENMARK


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel u Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

11 13 25 2 10 8

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

10

15

10

8

6

7

6

9

7

5

17

17

16

18

19


Rank

u Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) w Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

2 5 22 12 35 30

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) u Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment w High-tech patent grants

Rank

8 1 30 47 20 39

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016


Subfactors

14

16

9

9

8

Capital

25

21

23

26

25

7

8

8

8

5


Rank


17 23 33 7 7 2

Capital

2017

Rank

w IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital w Investment in Telecommunications

45 13 18 4 14 41


Rank

7 5 7 6 6 20


2013

2014

2015

2016

9

5

4

5

1

Business agility

13

14

14

15

11

IT integration

2

1

9

10

11

Adaptive attitudes

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation u Internet retailing Tablet possession u Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

19 2 5 2 6


2017

Rank

8 20 9 15 4


Rank

9 11 21 8


73


ESTONIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

28

Knowledge

26

19 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


2

38

Talent



23

18

18


Capital


31

19

25

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

27

23

27

27

26

Knowledge

25

23

30

30

28

Technology

25

20

19

17

19

Future readiness

24

22

26

26

26

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

27

23 30

27

27

26

31

31

30


36


2013

17

74

2014 13


2015

2016

2017

2013

17

17

17

17


2014 13

2015

2016

2017

17

17

17


ESTONIA


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent u Educational assessment PISA - Math w International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills w Net flow of international students

Rank

8 50 45 40 46 50

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

53

51

51

46

40

2

2

1

3

2

24

19

38

38

38


Rank

u Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences u Women with degrees

8 15 28 22 1

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

26 29 16 58 28 21

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

29

27

24

19

23

Capital

31

10

16

16

18


19

19

14

14

18


Rank

u Starting a business Enforcing contracts w Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

8 11 49 22 28 30

Capital

Rank


29 20 23 26 20

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers u Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

26 19 6 30 37 33


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

25

23

29

28

31

Business agility

12

13

21

20

19

IT integration

25

24

25

25

25

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation Internet retailing w Tablet possession Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

19 21 48 21 43


Rank

29 11 24 26 31


Rank

13 42 9 30


75


FINLAND OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

9

Knowledge

4

4 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


8

12

Talent



2

10

8


Capital


3

17

2

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

4

4

3

6

4

Knowledge

5

5

7

9

9

Technology

5

2

7

7

4

11

6

4

5

4

OVERALL

Future readiness


2014

2015

4

4

3

2016

2017 4

6


18

20


15 20

20


76

2013

2014

2

2

2015

2016

1 3


2017

2013

2014

2

3

3


2015

2016

2 4

2017 3


FINLAND


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience w Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities u Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

12 20 43 8 4 13

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

9

12

13

15

10

11

7

6

8

8

4

6

6

7

12


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement w Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

15 6 27 40 12 17


Rank

9 6 35 50 13 9

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016


Subfactors

4

1

6

7

2

Capital

7

8

9

13

10

10

6

6

7

8


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws u Technological regulation Scientific research legislation u Intellectual property rights

20 27 6 4 8 3

Capital

2017

Rank

5 5 5 7 8 52


Technological framework u Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers u Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed w High-tech exports (%)

Rank

4 16 2 11 7 42


2014

2015

2016

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

15

10

9

9

3

Business agility

14

11

8

12

17

IT integration

4

2

4

5

2


Rank

8 5 13 16 11


2017

Rank

40 13 32 12 8


Rank

5 9 10 14


77


FRANCE OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

19

Knowledge

25

22 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


35

10

Talent



15

26

25


Capital


26

44

20

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

19

22

20

22

25

Knowledge

16

15

20

21

19

Technology

16

19

23

23

22

Future readiness

25

26

21

20

28

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

22

20

22

27

32

32

2017


19 28


25 31


78

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

11

12

12

14

16



2013

2014

9

10

2015

2016

2017

8

8

9


FRANCE


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

21

20

24

24

24


24

19

37

34

35

7

8

8

9

10

Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math w International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students


Rank

24 54 33 15 31 17

Rank


38 16 21 45 21 37


Rank

14 22 43 14 3 20

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

16

10

18

15

15

Capital

30

26

31

31

26


14

16

20

22

25


Rank


19 17 21 21 23 12

Capital

Rank


20 18 42 24 21 39


Rank

18 34 32 25 41 6


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

27

28

25

23

26

Business agility

20

19

18

21

44

IT integration

17

19

19

19

20


Business agility

Rank

12 14 27 31 62

w u w w


Rank

59 10 60 49 26


Rank

10 30 23 22


79


GERMANY OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

13

Knowledge

17

21 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


15

15

Talent



20

19

26


Capital


22

18

16

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

16

14

17

15

17

Knowledge

19

16

10

10

13

Technology

22

24

25

25

21

8

8

13

14

18

OVERALL

Future readiness


2014

2015

2016

6

Digital

9

Competitiveness

12

10

14

16


2017

13

15

17

17


2013

2014

9

9

2015

2017

2013

10

7

9 10

80

2016



2014

2015

2016

2017

5

6

5

6


GERMANY


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

18

16

15

16

16


26

24

4

2

15


15

15

17

15

15


Rank

15 11 16 11 43 20


Rank

u Employee training Total public expenditure on education w Higher education achievement u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) u Graduates in Sciences w Women with degrees

4 37 44 4 3 51


Rank

10 14 40 9 23 25

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

22

20

27

23

20

Capital

17

17

19

22

19


24

30

31

30

26


Rank

w Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation u Intellectual property rights

54 16 14 27 20 5

Capital

Rank

10 22 28 10 24 51



Rank

44 30 28 18 23 19


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

16

15

18

20

22

Business agility

1

1

5

6

18

IT integration

15

18

18

17

16

Adaptive attitudes


Rank

23 15 22 25 28

Business agility Opportunities and threats u Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

39 7 29 39 11


Rank

15 21 24 8


81


GREECE OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

51

Knowledge

50

52 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


55

33

Talent



49

58

49


Capital


41

53

48

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

44

48

40

45

50

Knowledge

41

44

34

46

51

Technology

50

52

51

52

52

Future readiness

40

42

36

36

47

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

44 54

48

40 50

45

2017


50

56

57

57


2013

30

82

2014

34

2015

28

2016

32

2017


2013 28

35


2014 30

2015 26

2016

2017

29

30


GREECE


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

42

48

38

47

47


47

48

28

51

55


33

33

29

34

33

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience w Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

40 35 61 55 20 46


Rank

w Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) u Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

62 34 29 54 7 25


Rank

39 27 20 26 16 41

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

52

50

40

51

49

Capital

55

57

57

55

58


43

45

48

49

49


Rank


31 57 26 53 52 45

Capital

Rank

u IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development w Banking and financial services w Investment risk w Venture capital u Investment in Telecommunications

19 60 63 60 61 12

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband u Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

39 59 55 19 48 34


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

34

36

32

33

41

Business agility

46

48

39

40

53

IT integration

41

43

39

43

48


Rank

47 28 40 27 56


Rank

52 27 55 53 57


Rank

36 52 44 52


83


HONG KONG SAR OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

6

Knowledge

7

3 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


27

7

Talent



6

6

9


Capital


9

25

21

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

9

13

14

11

7

Knowledge

11

10

8

6

6

Technology

3

6

5

2

3

13

27

25

27

17

OVERALL

Future readiness


2014

3


4

2015 2

2016

2017

1

1 7

9 13


11 14


2013 2

84

2014 3

2015 4


2016 3

2017 2


2013

2014

2015

2016

8

9

10

9

2017 6


HONG KONG SAR


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent u Educational assessment PISA - Math u International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills w Net flow of international students

Rank

2 1 5 6 13 45

2013

2014

2015

2016

5

5

4

3

4

34

35

31

26

27

9

7

7

6

7


2017

Rank

Employee training w Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

16 55 10 -

Scientific concentration w Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment u High-tech patent grants

Rank

44 31 20 4 1

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

8

12

7

4

6

Capital

1

4

5

2

6

11

9

10

11

9


Rank


3 20 15 12 13 16

Capital

Rank

3 11 2 14 7 32



Rank

9 11 8 10 4 35


2013

2014

2015

2016

7

8

6

6

9

Business agility

19

54

46

57

25

IT integration

24

23

20

20

21

Adaptive attitudes


Rank

24 4 3 3

Business agility u Opportunities and threats w Innovative firms u Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

2017

Rank

1 46 1 8 18


Rank

14 4 29


85


HUNGARY OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

48

Knowledge

44

38 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


43

46

Talent



29

44

45


Capital


57

58

38

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

35

36

44

42

44

Knowledge

42

42

44

43

48

Technology

33

34

39

37

38

Future readiness

42

36

47

45

55

OVERALL


2014

35

36

50

48

2015

2016

2017

44

42

44

48

46


52


86

2013

2014

24

25

2015

2016

2017

31

29

31



2013

2014

24

25

2015

28

2016

2017

26

27


HUNGARY


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

39

38

46

43

46


39

43

46

41

43


47

49

48

46

46

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities w Digital/Technological skills u Net flow of international students

Rank

34 40 56 47 61 19


Rank


56 33 38 29 43 11


Rank

27 32 37 44 33 35

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

25

23

32

30

29

Capital

45

50

49

47

44


27

36

44

44

45


Rank


39 8 28 43 33 35

Capital

Rank


30 45 51 53 48 15

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers w Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

47 49 59 35 26 27


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

40

39

51

50

57

Business agility

50

47

51

50

58

IT integration

35

33

36

35

38

Adaptive attitudes w E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession u Smartphone possession w Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

58 35 51 23 63

Business agility w Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

61 39 57 51 41


Rank

39 47 52 27


87


ICELAND OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

30

Knowledge

23

20 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


7

37

Talent



22

43

11


Capital


16

10

28

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

26

27

24

26

23

Knowledge

20

24

33

32

30

Technology

21

21

20

22

20

Future readiness

28

29

17

18

21

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017


25 26


27

20

23 24

23

26

29


88

2013

2014

16

17


2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

14

16

15

16

17


2015

2016

2017

14

16

16


ICELAND


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math w International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills w Net flow of international students

2014

2015

2016

2017

40

35

40

41

38

1

1

8

10

7

29

38

47

37

37


Rank

29 55 42 19 5 58

2013

u u w u

Rank


32 2 30 5 49 5

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment w High-tech patent grants

Rank

16 7 15 62 21 52

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

11

11

11

22

22

Capital

46

45

37

43

43

9

12

9

10

11


Rank


23 29 22 18 27 24

Capital

Rank

27 37 33 42 46



Rank

12 7 15 8 11 15


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

41

49

21

25

16

Business agility

10

8

4

5

10

IT integration

26

27

27

27

28

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession u Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

40 15 1 20


Rank

11 2 8 29 22


Rank

26 25 30 35


89


INDIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

37

Knowledge

51

59 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


57

6

Talent



59

28

63


Capital


59

29

56

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

51

56

50

53

51

Knowledge

40

39

37

39

37

Technology

54

57

58

57

59

Future readiness

55

57

53

54

51

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017


44

40

44

51


56

45

41

50

51

53


90


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

12

12

12

12

12

22


2014

24

2015

2016

2017

20

21

21


INDIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

35

36

39

38

43


54

56

45

56

57


19

21

21

21

6


Rank

41 36 57 28 36


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) u Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

51 58 53 48 9 55

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers u R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment u High-tech patent grants

Rank

40 3 11

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

59

59

59

56

59

Capital

20

28

34

30

28


57

60

61

61

63


Rank


59 62 23 29 42 51

Capital

Rank

u IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

8 34 27 46 22 42

Technological framework Communications technology w Mobile Broadband subscribers w Wireless broadband w Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

43 62 61 61 58 45


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

56

60

56

57

59

Business agility

45

41

37

35

29

IT integration

56

56

53

54

56

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession w Smartphone possession u Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

23 52 59 60 14


Rank

14 26 22 44


Rank

60 26 47 48


91


INDONESIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

58

Knowledge

59

56 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


59

54

Talent



61

37

58


Capital


63

35

61

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

58

57

60

60

59

Knowledge

58

57

60

60

58

Technology

55

53

57

58

56

Future readiness

54

53

58

60

62

OVERALL


2014

39

37

58

57

2015

2016

2017


42

42

48 60

60

59


92

2013

2014

13

13


2015

2016

14

14

2017

2013

2015

2016

27

27

25

13


2014

27

2017 26


INDONESIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

48

41

52

54

48


57

57

59

60

59


54

54

56

53

54


Rank

54 29 18 45 48 35


Rank

u Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

19 51 59 50 36 47


Rank

56 50 10 53

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

57

57

60

60

61

Capital

35

25

35

42

37


55

57

59

57

58


Rank


58 61 36 42 41 56

Capital

Rank

u IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development u Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

16 42 25 54 31 34

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband w Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

49 58 58 60 52 50


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

55

56

61

61

63

Business agility

44

36

41

48

35

IT integration

58

57

59

59

61


Rank

61 54 54 59 27


Rank

25 33 28 27 37

IT integration w E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security w Sofware piracy

Rank

61 34 43 61


93


IRELAND OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

25

Knowledge

21

25 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


34

31

Talent



14

49

13


Capital


12

2

24

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

22

17

25

20

21

Knowledge

26

21

26

25

25

Technology

27

22

27

27

25

Future readiness

15

11

12

12

10

OVERALL


2014

Digital

2015

15

Competitiveness

17 22


17

16

2016

2017

7

6

20

21

25


94

2013

2014

12

10

2015

15


2016

2017

2013

2014

12

13

12

10


2015

2016

2017

15

13

14


IRELAND


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

24

9

21

18

15


19

17

29

25

34


37

36

34

32

31


Rank

17 8 10 35 25 39


Rank


17 52 11 30 25 43


Rank

25 21 34 45 14 22


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

5

2

13

18

14

Capital

53

44

51

49

49


20

23

21

18

13



Rank

Starting a business w Enforcing contracts u Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

6 49 4 14 9 11

Capital

Rank

w IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital w Investment in Telecommunications

48 11 38 30 10 56


Rank

48 14 15 13 21 9


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

20

18

14

13

12

Business agility

2

4

6

8

2

IT integration

23

20

24

22

24

Adaptive attitudes


Rank

34 6 18 9 1

Business agility u Opportunities and threats u Innovative firms u Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

3 5 2 17 6


Rank

25 22 19 19


95


ISRAEL OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

7

Knowledge

13

27 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


11

2

Talent



26

27

28


Capital


18

9

7

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

12

11

10

13

13

Knowledge

7

7

4

5

7

Technology

23

23

22

24

27

5

9

7

9

11

OVERALL

Future readiness



2013

2014

2015

12

11

10

19 24


21

2016

2017

13

13

21

22


96

2013

2014

2015

7

7

6

2016

2017

8

8



2013

2014

2015

9

8

7

2016

2017

10

9


ISRAEL


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

26

26

25

23

21


12

10

7

6

11

2

2

2

2

2

Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities u Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

36 21 31 28 1 42


Rank


33 7 19 34

Scientific concentration u Total expenditure on R&D (%) u Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

1 4 51 11 10

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

32

32

26

26

26

Capital

16

18

18

20

27


21

22

25

26

28


Rank

Starting a business w Enforcing contracts w Immigration laws Technological regulation u Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

25 48 53 11 4 13

Capital

Rank

27 7 32 29 9 55


Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers w Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

23 22 50 31 25 16


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

14

13

17

17

18

Business agility

7

12

11

11

9

IT integration

3

3

2

3

7

Adaptive attitudes


Rank

17 20 19 15 21


Rank

13 16 21 4 5


Rank

20 4 2 17


97


ITALY OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

42

Knowledge

39

45 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


46

32

Talent



42

53

42


Capital


27

30

35

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

40

41

36

34

39

Knowledge

44

46

42

40

42

Technology

47

50

46

44

45

Future readiness

31

31

30

29

30

OVERALL


2014

40

41

44

46

2015

2016

36

34

2017


39

35

38

44


98


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

27

29

25

24

28

15

14

13

12


2017

15


ITALY


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

47

50

47

44

44


50

51

49

48

46


32

31

30

29

32

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience w Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities w Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

28 47 53 44 52 27


Rank


52 41 51 38 27 12


Rank

28 30 29 5 17 51

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

50

54

43

41

42

Capital

51

55

52

51

53


41

40

43

43

42


Rank


35 51 16 48 50 37

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development w Banking and financial services Investment risk w Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

36 48 57 42 56 30


Rank

52 44 22 26 43 47


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

32

32

28

27

27

Business agility

25

22

20

16

30

IT integration

36

39

32

33

35


Rank

8 30 25 33 46


Rank

36 4 41 50 38

IT integration E-Government w Public-private partnerships Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

22 56 46 33


99


JAPAN OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

29

Knowledge

27

23 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


31

16

Talent



37

33

6


Capital


14

57

18

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

20

20

23

23

27

Knowledge

23

20

24

23

29

Technology

19

16

21

19

23

Future readiness

20

19

22

23

25

OVERALL


2014

20

20

2015

2016

23

23

27

26

2017


21

24

26 27


2013

2014

7

7

2015

2016

2017

2013

8

10

7 8

100



2014 8

2015

2016

2017

10

9

10


JAPAN


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

28

24

31

30

41


18

15

27

28

31


14

16

14

14

16

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math w International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities w Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

4 63 51 9 59 23


Rank


5 56 5 2 32 56

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment u High-tech patent grants

Rank

3 17 48 15 35 3

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

27

31

39

37

37

Capital

33

27

26

29

33

3

2

3

3

6


Rank


45 35 54 35 30 22

Capital

Rank


12 32 39 28 37 47

Technological framework Communications technology u Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

24 1 4 5 9 18


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

13

16

13

15

14

Business agility

30

33

35

33

57

IT integration

21

14

10

15

18


Rank

2 11 21 22 33

Business agility w Opportunities and threats Innovative firms w Agility of companies w Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

60 28 63 59 29

IT integration E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security u Sofware piracy

Rank

11 36 31 2


101


JORDAN OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

61

Knowledge

56

50 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


58

62

Talent



53

30

53


Capital


55

34

50

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

53

46

49

48

56

Knowledge

60

60

61

59

61

Technology

46

40

49

45

50

Future readiness

46

35

38

37

48

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

46

49

48

53

52

53

2017


53 56

56


102

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

35

32

34

34

39



2013

2014

2015

2016

30

29

30

31

2017

33


JORDAN


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

49

42

45

40

55


58

58

60

59

58


59

59

60

61

62


Rank

55 34 38 52 44 18


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) u Graduates in Sciences w Women with degrees

55 42 49 16 58


Rank

54 45 48

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

49

40

45

50

53

Capital

23

20

29

24

30


51

51

54

50

53


Rank


50 56 55 38 47 38

Capital

Rank


39 34 58 41 6

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users w Internet bandwidth speed w High-tech exports (%)

Rank

45 29 54 52 60 61


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

48

46

44

43

55

Business agility

40

25

28

31

34

IT integration

48

46

48

40

50


Rank

59 55 30 49

Business agility Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies u Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

42 45 10 35

IT integration w E-Government Public-private partnerships u Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

59 39 16 46


103


KAZAKHSTAN OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

40

Knowledge

38

35 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


21

56

Talent



18

51

35


Capital


48

27

39

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

42

35

35

43

38

Knowledge

48

43

41

47

40

Technology

40

39

34

42

35

Future readiness

34

34

35

41

38

OVERALL


2014

2015

Competitiveness

34

32

34

42

35

35


2016

2017

Digital

32 38

43 47


104

2013

2014

2015

29

24

24


2016

2017

2013

30

27

27


2014

2015

24

23

2016

27

2017 24


KAZAKHSTAN


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

44

43

37

45

36


32

27

25

31

21


58

57

55

55

56


Rank

39 15 17 33 37 56


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education u Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

14 47 4 26 38

Scientific concentration w Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita u Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment w High-tech patent grants

Rank

57 46 5 43 44 62

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

33

28

25

27

18

Capital

52

53

50

56

51


42

42

32

37

35


Rank


26 9 20 19 18 29

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services w Investment risk Venture capital w Investment in Telecommunications

24 33 56 35 61


Rank

40 46 42 47 42 5


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

29

31

41

41

48

Business agility

35

31

29

36

27

IT integration

47

47

40

45

39


Rank

48 53 37 52 23


Rank

17 41 18 3 23

IT integration E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security w Sofware piracy

Rank

29 13 20 59


105


KOREA REP. OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

14

Knowledge

19

17 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


13

9

Talent



28

41

2


Capital


10

48

23

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

14

21

18

17

19

Knowledge

14

12

13

15

14

Technology

13

18

16

13

17

Future readiness

19

25

24

25

24

OVERALL


Digital

2014

14

Competitiveness

21


2015

2016

2017

18

17

19

29

29

25

26


2013 5

106

2014

8


2015

2016

2017

2013

6

6

6

5


2014

9

2015

2016

2017

7

7

7


KOREA REP.


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

23

21

23

27

25


13

12

10

14

13


10

9

9

8

9


Rank

6 51 48 16 22 49


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education u Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

46 26 2 27 5 50

Scientific concentration u Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

2 8 47 25 30 5

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

26

29

23

28

28

Capital

19

30

32

35

41

2

3

2

2

2


Rank

Starting a business u Enforcing contracts w Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

7 1 57 44 34 44

Capital

Rank

22 46 54 22 53 24

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development w Banking and financial services Investment risk w Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users u Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

16 12 13 17 1 7


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

10

11

8

8

10

Business agility

31

43

38

43

48

IT integration

19

21

17

21

23


Rank

4 4 34 8 31


Rank

46 32 34 56 32


Rank

3 29 49 24


107


LATVIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

34

Knowledge

35

32 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


20

47

Talent



34

31

24


Capital


46

41

36

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

33

33

34

33

35

Knowledge

36

33

32

33

34

Technology

26

28

32

33

32

Future readiness

44

40

37

39

41

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

33

33

34

33

35

35

43

37


41

40


2013

2014

2015

2016

23

23

23

23

2017 24

108



2013

2014

2015

2016

22

22

22

22

2017 23


LATVIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

36

27

30

28

29


17

20

14

12

20


50

50

49

48

47


Rank

32 32 32 29 18 47


Rank


37 23 31 21 37 4

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita u Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment w High-tech patent grants

Rank

48 36 4 55 29 49

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

24

21

37

35

34

Capital

28

31

39

45

31


26

26

29

23

24


Rank


15 22 59 32 40 33

Capital

Rank


25 41 38 30 26

Technological framework u Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband u Internet users u Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

8 45 37 14 13 21


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

44

41

35

38

46

Business agility

54

49

43

46

41

IT integration

34

35

34

38

36


Rank

56 34 48 35 44

Business agility Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics w Knowledge transfer

Rank

24 31 22 40 51


Rank

38 45 26 39


109


LITHUANIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

21

Knowledge

29

29 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


6

28

Talent



27

42

17


Capital


35

28

29

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

30

32

28

29

29

Knowledge

22

25

18

18

21

Technology

32

32

28

29

29

Future readiness

36

37

34

33

31

OVERALL


2014

30

32

2015

2016

2017

28

29

29


31

30

34

33


110

2013

2014

20

22


2015

2016

2017

2013

18

19

19

20


2014

2015 18

21

2016

2017

19

19


LITHUANIA


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities u Digital/Technological skills w Net flow of international students

Rank

33 33 49 31 2 54

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

31

39

28

29

33

3

5

3

5

6

27

26

25

24

28


Rank


27 20 8 11 30 8

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita u Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

36 15 6 52 32 26

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

34

33

28

24

27

Capital

36

41

30

37

42


29

32

28

25

17


Rank

Starting a business u Enforcing contracts w Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

21 6 58 26 36 26

Capital

Rank


28 35 32 16 58

Technological framework u Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

1 13 27 38 23 32


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

33

33

36

37

35

Business agility

52

53

42

39

28

IT integration

31

34

28

29

29


Rank

17 31 50 36 35


Rank

5 36 6 14 36


Rank

23 33 22 42


111


LUXEMBOURG OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

27

Knowledge

20

12 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


30

23

Talent



10

3

32


Capital


33

16

5

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

18

19

16

21

20

Knowledge

27

28

23

29

27

Technology

7

3

2

11

12

23

21

23

24

23

OVERALL

Future readiness


2014

2015

2016

2017

6


11

13 18


19

8

11 16

20

21


112

2013

2014

10

11

2015 9

2016

2017

13

12



2013 10

2014

2015

12

11

2016

2017

14

13


LUXEMBOURG


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

30

28

27

33

31


14

18

13

29

30


31

34

27

25

23


Rank

31 5 6 10 19 59


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) w Graduates in Sciences w Women with degrees

7 40 12 1 55 42

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) u Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication u Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

31 3 41 61 1 32

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

1

9

4

8

10

Capital

5

1

1

3

3

18

21

22

28

32


Rank


36 15 9 8 11 17

Capital

Rank


1 10 21 5 23 23


Rank

13 32 26 12 38 51


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

31

29

34

34

33

Business agility

16

18

17

19

16

IT integration

10

12

7

12

5


Rank

37 25


Rank

19 17 13 19 15


Rank

24 7 7 4


113


MALAYSIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

17

Knowledge

24

18 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


3

26

Talent



30

9

19


Capital


28

12

34

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

17

15

21

24

24

Knowledge

15

19

25

22

17

Technology

9

8

14

16

18

27

23

27

28

27

OVERALL

Future readiness


Digital

2014

2016

2017

19 24

24

12

15

Competitiveness

2015

15

17

14

21



2013 6

114

2014 4

2015

7


2016

2017

8

7


2013 8

2014 6

2015

2016

9

10

2017 8


MALAYSIA


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills w Net flow of international students

Rank

41 18 23 21 23 48

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

14

18

26

26

27

6

9

17

11

3

30

27

28

27

26


Rank


13 29 35 13 2 26


Rank

29 38 10 23 41 16

TECHNOLOGY Subfactors Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework Regulatory framework

Rank


53 34 37 15 22 31

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

18

14

21

21

30

3

3

7

7

9

17

15

17

21

19

Capital

Rank


18 15 13 34 10 4

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users w Internet bandwidth speed u High-tech exports (%)

Rank

33 41 18 41 45 4


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

21

21

27

29

28

Business agility

23

16

15

17

12

IT integration

27

26

29

30

34

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation w Internet retailing Tablet possession Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

39 50 17 25 16

Business agility u Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies u Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

6 19 19 5 19

IT integration w E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

46 8 12 45


115


MEXICO OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

54

Knowledge

49

48 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


44

57

Talent



39

45

52


Capital


40

55

52

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

43

51

48

52

49

Knowledge

45

53

51

52

54

Technology

45

46

47

49

48

Future readiness

38

54

54

56

50

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

45

48

52

49


39

32 41 51

43


48


2013 4

116

2014

5


2015

2016

2017

4

4

4


2013 16

2014

2015

2016

2017

21

19

20

20


MEXICO


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

41

52

44

51

53


38

39

43

42

44


55

56

57

56

57


Rank

50 30 29 54 55 37


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) u Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

36 49 54 7 10 46


Rank

50 54 18 57

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

39

37

41

42

39

Capital

40

37

40

44

45


49

53

51

52

52


Rank


47 33 19 45 53 48

Capital

Rank


13 53 46 35 44 43

Technological framework w Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband w Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

56 38 53 57 49 23


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

38

42

53

53

40

Business agility

39

58

57

58

55

IT integration

42

48

45

49

52

Adaptive attitudes u E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession Smartphone possession u Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

14 46 43 54 12


Rank

41 43 40 42 45

IT integration E-Government Public-private partnerships w Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

45 51 59 44


117


MONGOLIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

59

Knowledge

61

61 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


2013

38

60

Talent



57

61

59


Capital


39

63

62

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2014

2015

2016

2017

55

57

61

Knowledge

56

55

59

Technology

54

55

61

Future readiness

46

52

60

OVERALL


2014

Digital

2015

2016

2017

55 57

Competitiveness

57

60


61 62


2013

2014


2015

2016

13

13

2017

14

118


2013

2014

2015

2016

33

33

2017

34


MONGOLIA


KNOWLEDGE 2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

56

57

62


35

36

38


59

60

60


2013

Rank

61 58 61 57 55

2014


Rank

u Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences u Women with degrees

21 35 39 42 46 6


Rank

58 48 9 59 46 -

TECHNOLOGY 2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

2013

50

53

57

Capital

54

52

61


53

53

59


Rank

u Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation w Intellectual property rights

24 47 50 60 62 62

2014

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk w Venture capital u Investment in Telecommunications

61 62 59 63 13

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband w Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

53 53 62 51 58


2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

30

32

39

Business agility

48

54

63

IT integration

58

58

62


2013

Rank

34 52

2014

Business agility Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics w Knowledge transfer

Rank

62 61 62 63

IT integration E-Government Public-private partnerships w Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

57 61 62 -


119


NETHERLANDS OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

11

Knowledge

6

9 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


32

18

Talent



9

5

14


Capital


5

7

3

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

5

6

6

4

6

Knowledge

13

11

14

13

11

Technology

10

13

15

10

9

3

2

1

2

3

OVERALL

Future readiness


2014

5

Digital

6


14

14

2015

2016

2017 5

4

6

6

8

15


2013 3

120

2014 4

2015 3

2016


2017

2013

4

4

2014

2015

2


5

4

2016

2017

3 5


NETHERLANDS



2013

2014

2015

2016

6

4

5

4

3


30

31

33

33

32


13

13

15

16

18

Talent


Rank

10 4 7 4 6 10


2017

Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) w Graduates in Sciences w Women with degrees

6 18 20 22 53 35

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita w Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

19 13 44 24 7 17

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

12

8

17

14

9

Capital

13

14

12

9

5


13

17

16

13

14


Rank


15 44 5 6 5 4

Capital

Rank

7 3 19 8 4 25

IT & media stock market capitalization u Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

Technological framework u Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers w Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

3 31 35 4 10 14


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

5

2

3

3

5

Business agility

6

6

3

2

7

IT integration

6

8

5

2

3


Rank

5 12 12 12 9

Business agility Opportunities and threats u Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics u Knowledge transfer

Rank

28 3 16 20 3

IT integration E-Government u Public-private partnerships Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

7 2 15 14


121


NEW ZEALAND OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

20

Knowledge

14

11 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


36

20

Talent



7

4

20


Capital


20

26

17

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

21

18

13

10

14

Knowledge

17

18

15

14

20

Technology

17

11

8

6

11

Future readiness

26

24

16

15

20

OVERALL


2014

Digital

2015

2016

10

13

Competitiveness

18


20

2017

14

16

16

17

25


2013

8

122

2014 6


2015

2016

3

2

2017

2013

2014

11

11

4


2015

2016

9

8

2017 10


NEW ZEALAND


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

15

14

9

9

14


20

25

30

32

36


16

18

18

17

20

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel w Management of cities w Digital/Technological skills u Net flow of international students

Rank

20 25 14 46 53 2


Rank


39 22 32 35 41 22

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers R&D productivity by publication u Scientific and technical employment w High-tech patent grants

Rank

33 25 37 2 42


Rank

u Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

1 13 7 23 24 18

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

15

4

2

1

7

9

9

3

4

4

28

20

23

20

20

Capital

Rank

15 30 7 12 28 2



Rank

40 20 10 16 31 37


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

23

22

22

24

20

Business agility

32

29

16

14

26

IT integration

18

16

8

6

17


Rank

5 19 23 39 19


Rank

35 14 27 34 24

IT integration E-Government w Public-private partnerships Cyber security u Sofware piracy

Rank

8 41 37 2


123


NORWAY OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

15

Knowledge

10

2 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


12

22

Talent



3

7

3


Capital


8

20

14

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

8

9

11

9

10

Knowledge

12

17

17

17

15

Technology

6

7

3

3

2

Future readiness

7

10

14

13

12

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

Digital

6 8

Competitiveness

7 9


10

9

10

11

11


2013

2014

6

6

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

6

6

7

7

7

124



2015

2016

2017

7 8

8


NORWAY


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math w International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills w Net flow of international students

Rank

18 43 19 7 9 51

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

19

19

16

20

20

5

8

11

15

12

23

25

24

23

22


Rank


9 17 16 9 42 28


Rank

21 11 25 38 15 33


Rank


14 4 12 13 14 10

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

7

3

1

5

3

12

12

11

8

7

6

7

7

4

3

Capital

Rank

9 9 1 1 19 48

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development u Banking and financial services u Investment risk Venture capital w Investment in Telecommunications

Technological framework u Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users u Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

2 4 17 3 2 13


2013

2014

2015

2016

2

3

7

7

8

Business agility

26

26

27

28

20

IT integration

9

11

14

9

14

Adaptive attitudes


Rank

23 9 7 3 17


2017

Rank

32 26 12 11 17


Rank

18 6 27 11


125


PERU OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

62

Knowledge

62

57 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


60

63

Talent



51

48

61


Capital


61

50

59

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

57

59

57

58

62

Knowledge

57

58

58

61

62

Technology

52

54

52

53

57

Future readiness

53

55

56

55

58

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

50

54

54

55

59

57

58

62


43 57



2013

2014

8

8

2015


2016

2017

2013

2014

8

8

26

27

7

126


2015

2016

24

25

2017

28


PERU


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

57

55

58

60

61


59

59

58

58

60

59

63

Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience u Foreign highly-skilled personnel w Management of cities w Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

53 36 20 62 62 -


Rank

w Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

61 48 -


Rank

54

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

46

49

48

49

51

Capital

41

42

38

40

48


59

59

58

60

61


Rank


49 42 18 57 57 60

Capital

Rank


42 59 49 40 45 8

Technological framework Communications technology w Mobile Broadband subscribers w Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

59 61 60 55 58 56


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

46

50

50

52

61

Business agility

51

44

53

49

50

IT integration

57

59

55

56

59


Rank

54 55 42 58 36


Rank

47 42 55 59


Rank

56 55 60 52


127


PHILIPPINES OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

53

Knowledge

46

51 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


54

53

Talent



62

29

50


Capital


50

23

57

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

39

43

45

46

46

Knowledge

39

41

49

50

53

Technology

38

48

50

50

51

Future readiness

39

41

40

40

43

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

42

41

42

41

43

45

46

46


38 39



128

2013

2014

10

10


2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

11

11

11

14

16

17

17

18



PHILIPPINES


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

25

32

32

32

39


53

55

57

55

54


28

29

46

49

53


Rank

23 30 50 40 -


Rank


29 60 52 32

Scientific concentration w Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita u Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

59 55 8 36 48 23

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

55

56

58

59

62

Capital

27

39

33

28

29


37

41

47

48

50


Rank


61 58 29 54 54 53

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development u Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital u Investment in Telecommunications

33 50 15 48 36 11

Technological framework w Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users w Internet bandwidth speed u High-tech exports (%)

Rank

61 55 51 58 62 1


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

52

51

48

46

50

Business agility

24

21

23

23

23

IT integration

53

55

56

57

57


Rank

48 57 58 46 15


Rank

21 9 23 35 50


Rank

52 35 56 55


129


POLAND OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

32

Knowledge

37

39 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


23

40

Talent



47

32

39


Capital


38

45

41

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

36

39

38

38

37

Knowledge

30

36

31

27

32

Technology

34

37

36

36

39

Future readiness

52

50

49

51

39

OVERALL


2014

33


36

2015

2016

33

33

38

38

2017

36


39

37 38


2013

2014

25 27

130

2015

2016

2017

26

26

26



2013 12

2014 13

2015

2016

2017

14

14

14


POLAND


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

20

31

22

17

28


40

33

34

22

23


42

43

41

39

40

Talent u Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

16 28 41 32 34 30


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education u Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences u Women with degrees

28 24 23 37 44 2


Rank

37 35 26 13 36 45

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

36

43

38

45

47

Capital

24

35

28

32

32


39

34

34

39

39


Rank

w Starting a business Enforcing contracts w Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

51 40 51 50 48 43

Capital

Rank


35 38 35 27 25 33


Rank

37 40 41 37 33 41


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

54

54

52

51

38

Business agility

57

52

55

55

45

IT integration

43

40

41

41

41


Rank

14 26 35 49 58


Rank

33 34 35 40 42

IT integration E-Government w Public-private partnerships w Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

31 54 54 37


131


PORTUGAL OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

31

Knowledge

33

37 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


18

36

Talent



19

50

43


Capital


34

40

32

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

29

30

29

31

33

Knowledge

29

31

29

31

31

Technology

35

33

30

35

37

Future readiness

30

30

31

31

35

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

29

30

29

31

33

43

36

39

39


46


132

2013

2014

2015

19

20

19

2016 21

2017

22



2013

2014

2015

19

19

19

2016 20

2017

21


PORTUGAL


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

33

34

29

31

30


22

21

20

21

18


38

37

37

35

36


Rank

27 56 35 24 14 29


Rank

Employee training u Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

54 10 36 10 15 23


Rank

30 26 14 31 31 44

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

19

22

20

20

19

Capital

48

47

44

50

50


36

38

40

38

43


Rank


22 18 3 30 29 32

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development w Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

29 37 55 45 52 37

Technological framework u Communications technology w Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed w High-tech exports (%)

Rank

10 56 47 15 32 57


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

28

30

33

31

34

Business agility

29

30

25

27

40

IT integration

30

29

30

32

32


Rank

40 33 32 20 26


Rank

50 15 43 57 30


Rank

33 44 41 28


133


QATAR OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

35

Knowledge

28

31 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


24

55

Talent



31

17

36


Capital


15

15

27

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

28

28

32

28

28

Knowledge

31

34

39

37

35

Technology

29

30

38

31

31

Future readiness

17

18

28

21

19

OVERALL


2014

10


2015

2016

13

13

2017

17

19 28


28

28

32

28


134

2013

2014

18

18

2015

22

2016

2017

18

18



2013

2014

18

18

2015

21

2016

2017

18

18


QATAR


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

27

29

34

25

19


27

28

24

27

24


48

48

53

54

55


Rank

51 7 13 17 17 15


Rank

Employee training w Total public expenditure on education w Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) u Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

24 54 55 19 4 10

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment u High-tech patent grants

Rank

51 49 46 57 42 4

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

30

35

46

33

31

Capital

18

22

25

18

17


32

29

36

42

36


Rank


46 55 26 9 17 23

Capital

Rank


14 8 17 20 44


Rank

17 39 29 39 35 59


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

4

6

10

12

15

Business agility

21

28

32

26

15

IT integration

29

30

37

28

27

Adaptive attitudes

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation Internet retailing u Tablet possession Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

42 2 10 22


Rank

27 25 2 21


Rank

40 10 3 37


135


ROMANIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

47

Knowledge

54

46 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


52

41

Talent



41

60

33


Capital


60

60

58

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

59

54

51

49

54

Knowledge

56

56

50

48

47

Technology

53

51

45

46

46

Future readiness

58

56

57

57

59

OVERALL


2014

2015

47

47

54

51

2016

2017


55 59


50

49

54


136

2013

2014

38

38

2015

2016

35

35


2017

2013

2014

38

32

32

2015

2016

2017

32

32

31



ROMANIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

56

54

49

49

45


52

50

48

45

52


46

44

43

42

41

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel w Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

42 38 47 56 26 44


Rank

Employee training w Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) u Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

44 57 50 44 11 27

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita u Female researchers u R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

52 43 12 17 43 29

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

44

41

29

31

41

Capital

58

58

58

58

60


45

44

37

36

33


Rank


34 25 40 52 55 50

Capital

Rank


50 52 52 51 51 45

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users u Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

32 25 36 42 16 46


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

59

59

58

59

60

Business agility

58

57

59

56

60

IT integration

49

42

47

42

58

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession w Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

44 41 36 57 54

Business agility w Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

57 44 52 38 54

IT integration E-Government w Public-private partnerships Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

53 60 32 50


137


RUSSIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

24

Knowledge

42

44 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


14

25

Talent



36

57

37


Capital


44

59

43

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

46

42

41

40

42

Knowledge

32

30

27

28

24

Technology

49

41

44

47

44

Future readiness

56

52

55

53

52

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

41

40

42

45

44

46


38


42

46


138

2013

2014

2015

31

30

29

2016 27

2017


2013

29


18

2014

2015

2016

2017

15

15

16

17


RUSSIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

43

44

36

37

35


33

29

19

17

14


21

24

23

26

25


Rank

21 49 40 48 15 21


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education u Higher education achievement u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences u Women with degrees

45 45 7 15 18 15


Rank

35 24 19 12 38

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

41

36

36

36

36

Capital

54

52

56

57

57


46

43

41

35

37


Rank

Starting a business u Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation w Intellectual property rights

18 12 44 56 43 59

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services w Investment risk w Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

39 44 56 57 58 36


Rank

35 27 34 44 36 26


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

35

34

42

40

44

Business agility

60

60

61

61

59

IT integration

44

41

42

39

43


Rank

28 38 39 43 60

Business agility Opportunities and threats Innovative firms w Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

49 45 59 46 55


Rank

30 46 34 54


139


SAUDI ARABIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

39

Knowledge

36

41 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


2013

16

61

Talent



48

36

41


Capital


29

38

31

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2014

2015

2016

2017

OVERALL

36

Knowledge

39

Technology

41

Future readiness

32


2014

2015

2016

2017



36


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

25

140



2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

13


SAUDI ARABIA



2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

22


16


61


Rank

14 15 30 41 41


Rank

Employee training u Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) u Graduates in Sciences w Women with degrees

47 1 49 43 1 53


Rank

49 7 43


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


48

Capital

36


41


Rank

w Starting a business w Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

57 50 41 31 32 39

Capital

Rank


31 31 31 39 38

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers u Wireless broadband Internet users w Internet bandwidth speed w High-tech exports (%)

Rank

38 33 3 45 55 63


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

29

Business agility

38

IT integration

31


Rank

34 44 14 28 48


Rank

48 48 18 28


Rank

37 27 13 39


141


SINGAPORE OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

1

Knowledge

1

1 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


9

8

Talent



1

14

1


Capital


11

14

1

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1

1

1

1

1

Knowledge

2

1

1

1

1

Technology

1

1

1

1

1

Future readiness

6

5

5

4

6

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

1

1

1

1

1

3

3


3 4

5



142


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1



SINGAPORE



2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1

1

1

1

1


10

11

5

9

9


12

12

13

11

8

Talent

Talent u Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel u Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

1 6 3 1 12 6


Rank

Employee training w Total public expenditure on education u Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

25 59 1 24 -

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita w Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

13 10 38 42 2


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts w Immigration laws u Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

4 2 42 1 3 8

2013

2014

2015

2016

3

5

3

2

1

11

11

10

10

14

1

1

1

1

1

Capital

2017

Rank

21 2 3 3 5 59


Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers u Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

11 2 1 1 8 2


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

8

9

12

11

11

Business agility

15

9

12

13

14

IT integration

7

5

1

1

1

Adaptive attitudes


Rank

8 25 6 7 5


Rank

16 14 13 9


Rank

4 3 6 18


143


SLOVAK REPUBLIC OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

43

Knowledge

43

43 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


40

39

Talent



55

39

38


Capital


52

52

37

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

41

40

43

41

43

Knowledge

43

40

43

41

43

Technology

36

35

40

41

43

Future readiness

45

43

44

43

46

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

41

40

43

41

45

47

46

2017

Digital

40


43 51


2013

2014

28

28

2015

2017

28 30

144

2016

30



2013 26

2014

2015

2016 25

27

27

2017 26


SLOVAK REPUBLIC


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

46

45

50

48

50


43

38

40

35

40


43

46

45

44

39


Rank

35 43 50 37 49 57


Rank


48 38 41 31 37 7


Rank

34 33 18 40 34 30

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

42

44

52

52

55

Capital

37

38

41

34

39


33

31

33

33

38


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts w Immigration laws w Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

37 46 63 59 44 42

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services u Investment risk Venture capital u Investment in Telecommunications

49 44 26 40 28


Rank

46 48 33 29 30 36


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

50

47

39

39

52

Business agility

49

46

56

53

52

IT integration

38

37

38

34

37

Adaptive attitudes w E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession Smartphone possession w Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

54 29 44 42 55


Rank

54 38 51 30 52


Rank

50 37 36 25


145


SLOVENIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

26

Knowledge

34

40 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


17

24

Talent



44

40

44


Capital


37

43

30

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

37

37

39

36

34

Knowledge

34

32

28

26

26

Technology

44

43

43

40

40

Future readiness

37

39

41

35

36

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

37

37

36

34

52

55

39 49

43

43



146

2013

2014

26

26

2015

27

2016 25

2017 23



2013

2014

2015

25

26

25

2016

2017

23

22


SLOVENIA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

45

47

43

39

37


29

30

18

16

17


26

22

20

20

24

Talent u Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience w Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

13 45 59 42 24 33


Rank


22 28 26 25 17 18

Scientific concentration u Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment u High-tech patent grants

Rank

15 18 28 56 24 8

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

45

46

49

44

44

Capital

49

48

46

41

40


38

35

42

41

44


Rank


27 54 46 39 37 41

Capital

Rank


28 41 48 36 46 17


Rank

30 51 49 34 27 52


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

39

40

45

45

37

Business agility

47

51

49

37

43

IT integration

32

32

33

31

30


Rank

32 36 31 33 53


Rank

38 38 43 47


Rank

21 49 28 31


147


SOUTH AFRICA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

49

Knowledge

47

53 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


37

49

Talent



54

35

57


Capital


54

37

42

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

50

47

47

51

47

Knowledge

46

45

47

49

49

Technology

51

49

53

51

53

Future readiness

51

51

48

47

42

OVERALL



2014

2015

47

47

2016

47

50


52

53

2017

51 53

53

52


148

2013

2014

2015

34

33

33

2016

2017


2013

33 37


21

2014

2015

18

18

2016

2017

19

19


SOUTH AFRICA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

51

49

48

53

52


35

34

36

38

37


51

51

51

50

49


Rank

48 52 49 54 25


Rank

Employee training u Total public expenditure on education w Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences u Women with degrees

31 4 58 45 16


Rank

45 53 17 27 55

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

40

45

53

54

54

Capital

39

32

45

33

35


60

52

55

56

57


Rank


56 53 62 41 35 25

Capital

Rank


4 51 22 50 47 35

Technological framework Communications technology w Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband w Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

57 57 43 59 53 55


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

51

52

55

55

54

Business agility

53

50

36

38

37

IT integration

45

45

46

47

42


Rank

52 56 57 38 30


Rank

34 44 24 40


Rank

54 48 45 20


149


SPAIN OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

33

Knowledge

30

33 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


42

29

Talent



35

34

23


Capital


24

47

26

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

32

29

30

30

30

Knowledge

33

35

35

36

33

Technology

41

36

35

32

33

Future readiness

29

28

29

30

29

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

29

30

30

30

34

34



39

45

37


2013

22

150

2014

2015

2016

2017

19

20

20

20



2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

11

11

11

11

11


SPAIN


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

34

33

33

34

32


36

42

41

43

42


25

28

26

28

29


Rank

30 46 22 27 42 26


Rank

w Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

58 39 25 20 23 36


Rank

32 28 21 6 25 40

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

43

38

33

34

35

Capital

47

49

48

38

34


35

27

27

27

23


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation w Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

44 26 17 37 51 34

Capital

Rank


25 40 45 41 34 21

Technological framework Communications technology u Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed w High-tech exports (%)

Rank

22 17 23 32 20 49


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

24

25

26

26

24

Business agility

28

24

31

30

47

IT integration

28

28

26

26

26

Adaptive attitudes u E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession u Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

7 27 28 17 32

Business agility w Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies w Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

51 23 47 58 46


Rank

17 32 35 32


151


SWEDEN OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

2

Knowledge

2

5 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


1

5

Talent



4

13

7


Capital


7

13

4

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2

3

5

3

2

Knowledge

1

2

2

2

2

Technology

2

4

9

4

5

Future readiness

2

3

9

8

5

OVERALL


2014

2

Digital

2016

3

4

Competitiveness

2015

5


2017 2

3 5

5

9

9


2013

2014

1

1

2015

2016

2017

1

1

2

152



2013

2014

2

2

2015

3

2016

2017

2

2


SWEDEN


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

7

10

12

14

11


4

3

2

1

1


5

4

5

5

5

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities u Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

22 9 27 12 3 22


Rank

Employee training u Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

12 3 18 23 20 13

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita w Female researchers w R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

4 9 32 39 5 13


Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws u Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

9 21 11 2 10 7

2013

2014

2015

2016

2

6

5

3

4

10

13

14

11

13

4

5

5

5

7

Capital

2017

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk u Venture capital w Investment in Telecommunications

14 6 16 6 3 50

Technological framework Communications technology Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users u Internet bandwidth speed w High-tech exports (%)

Rank

5 15 5 7 3 24


2014

2015

2016

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

6

7

11

10

7

Business agility

8

10

13

10

13

IT integration

1

6

12

11

4


Rank

23 8 11 6 4


2017

Rank

22 12 15 16 14


Rank

6 12 18 6


153


SWITZERLAND OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

4

Knowledge

8

8 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


25

13

Talent



13

11

10


Capital


23

4

13

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

6

5

7

7

8

Knowledge

6

6

5

3

4

Technology

11

9

11

9

8

9

7

10

10

13

OVERALL

Future readiness


2014

2

2


5

6

2015

2016

2017

2

2

4 7

7

8



2013 4

154

2014 3

2015

2016

4

4

2017

5



2013

2014

2015

2016

5

4

5

5

2017

7


SWITZERLAND



2013

2014

2015

2016

2

2

2

2

2


15

16

21

18

25


18

14

12

13

13

Talent


Rank

7 2 1 5 11 7


2017

Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences w Women with degrees

3 27 14 6 29 57


Rank

7 5 33 34 6 36


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

6

7

14

10

13

Capital

14

7

13

12

11


16

14

12

9

10



Rank

Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws Technological regulation u Scientific research legislation u Intellectual property rights

38 32 34 5 1 1

Capital

Rank

w IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services u Investment risk Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

43 4 11 2 13 18


Rank

6 24 14 27 5 8


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

19

19

24

21

23

Business agility

3

2

2

3

4

IT integration

8

7

13

14

13

Adaptive attitudes

Adaptive attitudes w E-Participation Internet retailing Tablet possession w Smartphone possession Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

51 7 7 40 24

Business agility Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics u Knowledge transfer

Rank

7 5 25 1


Rank

27 5 8 11


155


TAIWAN OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

16

Knowledge

12

7 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


28

17

Talent



24

8

4


Capital


19

6

22

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

13

16

15

16

12

Knowledge

21

22

19

19

16

Technology

8

10

4

8

7

18

20

20

22

16

OVERALL

Future readiness


Digital

2014

11

Competitiveness

13

13 16


2015

2016

11

14

15

16

2017

12 14


2013 4

156

2014

5

2015

5


2016

2017

2013

3

4

5


2014

7

2015

2016

5

6

2017 4


TAIWAN


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

17

17

19

19

18


23

23

22

23

28


20

20

19

19

17



Rank

3 31 44 20 30 14

w u w w

Rank


10 46 3 46 8 52

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) u Total R&D personnel per capita w Female researchers R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment High-tech patent grants

Rank

6 2 45 30 38 14


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

23

26

22

25

24

Capital

4

5

6

6

8


5

4

4

6

4



Rank


12 14 47 24 25 28

Capital

Rank


2 23 17 18 18 29

Technological framework Communications technology u Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed u High-tech exports (%)

Rank

28 3 19 22 18 3


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

18

20

19

19

19

Business agility

17

20

19

24

6

IT integration

20

22

23

24

22


Rank

18 25 5 10


Rank

4 3 7 20


Rank

18 11 25


157


THAILAND OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

44

Knowledge

41

30 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


47

43

Talent



38

21

30


Capital


51

32

53

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

45

44

42

39

41

Knowledge

54

50

48

42

44

Technology

37

38

33

30

30

Future readiness

48

45

50

48

45

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

27

29

30

28

27

45

44

42

39

41



158

2013

2014

11

11


2015

2016

2017

10

10

10


2013

17

2014

17

2015 16

2016 15

2017 16


THAILAND


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

38

40

42

42

42


56

52

54

44

47


49

47

44

41

43


Rank

48 22 24 38 50 38


Rank


18 43 37 47 13 44


Rank

47 47 2 21 47 31

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

38

39

42

43

38

Capital

21

29

17

21

21


48

48

38

32

30


Rank


40 38 24 36 38 47

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development u Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

17 33 10 49 29 16

Technological framework Communications technology u Mobile Broadband subscribers Wireless broadband w Internet users Internet bandwidth speed u High-tech exports (%)

Rank

36 6 31 53 29 11


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

47

48

47

47

51

Business agility

36

37

40

34

32

IT integration

55

51

57

55

53


Rank

48 48 52 49 18


Rank

26 36 33 33

IT integration w E-Government Public-private partnerships Cyber security w Sofware piracy

Rank

55 23 38 56


159


TURKEY OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

60

Knowledge

52

49 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


63

48

Talent



40

47

51


Capital


36

39

51

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

48

52

52

50

52

Knowledge

59

59

59

58

60

Technology

42

47

48

48

49

Future readiness

41

44

42

42

40

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

37

40

40

38

47

52

52

50

52


48



2013


2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

36

36

36

36

20

22

21

18

2017

32

160


22


TURKEY


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

37

37

41

36

49


60

60

61

61

63


52

53

52

52

48

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience w Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

47 42 57 41 39 31


Rank

Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences w Women with degrees

53 53 45 53 40 54

Scientific concentration Total expenditure on R&D (%) Total R&D personnel per capita Female researchers u R&D productivity by publication Scientific and technical employment w High-tech patent grants

Rank

42 45 27 8 40 58

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

37

42

44

40

40

Capital

38

36

36

46

47


50

50

50

51

51


Rank


41 30 39 40 45 54

Capital

Rank

u IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk Venture capital w Investment in Telecommunications

23 36 26 47 50 57


Rank

34 43 52 51 47 60


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

36

37

37

35

36

Business agility

38

40

44

41

39

IT integration

51

53

50

52

51


Rank

44 39 24 19 41

Business agility u Opportunities and threats Innovative firms u Agility of companies Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

10 30 17 52 53


Rank

51 31 53 48


161


UAE OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

38

Knowledge

18

14 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


56

52

Talent



5

12

29


Capital


17

1

8

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

24

26

22

25

18

Knowledge

38

37

38

35

38

Technology

20

25

10

20

14

Future readiness

14

15

18

17

7

OVERALL


2014

8

8


24


26

2015

2016

2017

10

12

15

22

18

25


162

2013

2014

14

16

2015

2016

13

15

2017 11



2013

2014

14

16

2015

2016

13

15

2017 12


UAE



2013

2014

2015

2016

4

6

6

5

5


48

47

53

53

56


56

55

54

51

52

Talent

Talent w Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience u Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

45 3 2 3 7 4


2017

Rank

Employee training w Total public expenditure on education w Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) Graduates in Sciences w Women with degrees

11 62 47 36 31 48


Rank

41 41 49 24


Rank


29 24 1 3 12 21

2013

2014

2015

2016

21

25

19

16

5

6

16

4

14

12

30

28

19

31

29

Capital

2017

Rank


8 6 25 6 27


Rank

21 28 11 36 39 43


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

12

14

15

14

17

Business agility

18

17

24

18

1

IT integration

14

15

21

18

8


Rank

28 32 9 11 2


Rank

2 4 1 10

IT integration E-Government u Public-private partnerships u Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

28 1 1 22


163


UKRAINE OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

45

Knowledge

60

62 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


26

45

Talent



56

62

60


Capital


58

56

60

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

54

50

59

59

60

Knowledge

35

29

40

44

45

Technology

58

58

60

60

62

Future readiness

57

58

61

61

61

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

59

59

60


49

49

54

50

60


164

2013

2014

36

35

2015

2016

38

38

2017 40



2013

24

2014 20

2015

2016

2017

26

26

27


UKRAINE


KNOWLEDGE Subfactors Talent Training & education Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

60 60 59 47 28

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

52

46

55

58

57

8

4

15

20

26

40

42

39

45

45


Rank

Employee training u Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement u Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) u Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

50 13 14 14 45


Rank

46 39 13 32 39 34

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

54

47

55

55

56

Capital

57

56

60

60

62


56

58

60

58

60


Rank

u Starting a business Enforcing contracts Immigration laws w Technological regulation Scientific research legislation Intellectual property rights

13 45 35 62 61 61

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization w Funding for technological development Banking and financial services w Investment risk Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications

62 61 62 60 54

Technological framework Communications technology w Mobile Broadband subscribers w Wireless broadband Internet users Internet bandwidth speed High-tech exports (%)

Rank

58 63 62 50 33 48


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

57

58

60

60

58

Business agility

48

42

58

59

56

IT integration

59

58

61

60

60


Rank

28 47 55 55 51


Rank

45 40 49 47 58


Rank

47 53 61 60


165


UNITED KINGDOM OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

10

Knowledge

11

16 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


19

11

Talent



12

24

16


Capital


6

22

6

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

15

12

12

12

11

Knowledge

10

13

12

11

10

Technology

18

17

18

18

16

Future readiness

16

14

11

11

9

OVERALL


2014

2015

2016

2017

12

12

12

11

19

18

19


15


16

18


166

2013

2014

2015

8

8

8

2016

2017

7

7



2013 6

2014

2015

2016

2017

4

4

3

3


UNITED KINGDOM



2013

2014

2015

2016

8

7

7

7

7


28

32

23

19

19


11

11

11

10

11

Talent


Rank

25 12 12 14 29 3


2017

Rank


35 14 13 33 18 33


Rank

22 20 23 4 8 19

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

20

17

10

11

12

Capital

32

24

22

25

24


12

13

15

16

16


Rank


10 28 25 17 6 9

Capital

Rank

24 17 24 20 2 60

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk u Venture capital w Investment in Telecommunications


Rank

42 18 21 23 15 12


2014

2015

2016

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

11

12

5

4

6

Business agility

27

23

22

25

22

IT integration

12

10

16

13

6

Adaptive attitudes u E-Participation u Internet retailing Tablet possession w Smartphone possession w Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

1 1 20 45 38


2017

Rank

30 25 33 28 7

IT integration u E-Government Public-private partnerships w Cyber security Sofware piracy

Rank

1 19 39 8


167


USA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

5

Knowledge

3

6 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


33

1

Talent



17

2

12


Capital


2

3

12

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

3

2

2

2

3

Knowledge

3

4

6

4

5

Technology

4

5

6

5

6

Future readiness

1

1

3

1

2

OVERALL


2014

2015

1

1

1

2

2


2016

2017

2

3

3

3 4



168


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1



USA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

12

13

14

11

13


25

26

32

30

33

1

1

1

1

1

Scientific concentration Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

37 27 4 22 8 16


Rank

w Employee training Total public expenditure on education Higher education achievement Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) w Graduates in Sciences Women with degrees

41 12 17 17 52 29


Rank

11 2 19 7


2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

17

19

16

12

17

Capital

2

2

2

1

2


8

11

11

12

12



Rank


28 19 56 10 2 6

Capital

Rank

6 1 9 16 1 19

IT & media stock market capitalization u Funding for technological development Banking and financial services Investment risk u Venture capital Investment in Telecommunications


Rank

14 23 12 2 13 17


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

1

1

1

1

2

Business agility

5

5

9

4

3

IT integration

5

4

11

4

12

Adaptive attitudes E-Participation Internet retailing u Tablet possession Smartphone possession w Attitudes toward globalization

Rank

12 3 1 14 50


Rank

20 7 6 2

IT integration E-Government Public-private partnerships w Cyber security u Sofware piracy

Rank

12 17 42 1


169


VENEZUELA OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Overall


1 4 6.5 8.5 10.5

63

Knowledge

63

63 Technology


Future readiness


Sub-Factors


62

50

Talent



63

63

62


Capital


62

49

63

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

IT integration

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

60

60

61

61

63

Knowledge

51

48

54

57

63

Technology

60

60

61

61

63

Future readiness

59

60

60

59

63

OVERALL


Digital

2013

2014

60

60

Competitiveness

2015

2016

61

61

2017

63



2013

9

170

2014

9

2015

9


2016

9

2017

9


2013

2014

2015

2016

28

28

28

28

2017 29


VENEZUELA


KNOWLEDGE 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Talent

Subfactors

60

60

61

61

63


44

41

44

39

62


36

32

33

47

50

Talent Educational assessment PISA - Math International experience Foreign highly-skilled personnel w Management of cities Digital/Technological skills Net flow of international students

Rank

59 63 63 63 -


Rank


60 -


Rank

1 60 59

TECHNOLOGY 2013

2014

2015

2016

2017


Subfactors

60

60

61

61

63

Capital

60

60

61

61

63


52

55

57

59

62


Rank


63 59 61 63 63 63

Capital

Rank

IT & media stock market capitalization Funding for technological development Banking and financial services w Investment risk Venture capital w Investment in Telecommunications

49 63 58 63 62 63


Rank

63 54 56 48 63 62


2014

2015

2016

2017

Adaptive attitudes

Subfactors

58

55

57

56

62

Business agility

55

55

52

52

49

IT integration

60

60

60

61

63


Rank

60 51 60 51 57

Business agility u Opportunities and threats Innovative firms Agility of companies u Use of big data and analytics Knowledge transfer

Rank

23 54 32 61


Rank

58 63 63 62


171

A p p e n d i c e s a n d S o u rc e s The statistical tables are provided only in PDF format on the USB key drive available on the cover of the IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2017. Visit our eShop

Fa c t o r I : K n o w le d g e 1 . 1 Ta le n t 1.1.1 Educational assessment PISA - Math 1.1.2 International experience 1.1.3 Foreign highly-skilled personnel 1.1.4 Management of cities 1.1.5 Digital/Technological skills 1.1.6 Net flow of international students

PISA survey of 15-year olds International experience of senior managers is generally significant Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country’s business environment Management of cities supports business development Digital/Technological skills are readily available Tertiary-level international students inbound minus students outbound (per 1000 people)

289 289 290 290 291 291

1 . 2 Tr a i n i n g & e d u c a t i o n 1.2.1 Employee training 1.2.2 Total public expenditure on education 1.2.3 Higher education achievement 1.2.4 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) 1.2.5 Graduates in Sciences 1.2.6 Women with degrees

Employee training is a high priority in companies 292 Percentage of GDP 292 Percentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25-34 293 Number of pupils per teacher 293 % of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences 294 Percentage of female graduates in tertiary education 294

1 . 3 S c i e n t i f i c co n ce n t r a t i o n 1.3.1 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 1.3.2 Total R&D personnel per capita 1.3.3 Female researchers 1.3.4 R&D productivity by publication 1.3.5 Scientific and technical employment 1.3.6 High-tech patent grants

Percentage of GDP Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people % of total (headcount FT&PT) No. of scientific articles over R&D expenditure (as % GDP) % of total employment % of all patents granted by applicant’s origin (average 2013-2015)

295 295 296 296 297 297

Distance to Frontier Distance to Frontier Immigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor Technological regulation supports business development and innovation Laws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced

289 289 290 290 291 291

% of total stock market capitalization Funding for technological development is readily available Banking and financial services do support business activities efficiently Euromoney country risk overall (scale from 0-100) Venture capital is easily available for business Percentage of GDP

292 292 293 293 294 294

Fa c t o r I I : Te c h n o lo g y 2.1 Regulatory framework 2.1.1 Starting a business 2.1.2 Enforcing contracts 2.1.3 Immigration laws 2.1.4 Technological regulation 2.1.5 Scientific research legislation 2.1.6 Intellectual property rights

2.2 Capital 2.2.1 IT & media stock market capitalization 2.2.2 Funding for technological development 2.2.3 Banking and financial services 2.2.4 Investment risk 2.2.5 Venture capital 2.2.6 Investment in Telecommunications

172


2 . 3 Te c h n o lo g i c a l f r a m e w o r k 2.3.1 Communications technology 2.3.2 Mobile Broadband subscribers 2.3.3 Wireless broadband 2.3.4 Internet users 2.3.5 Internet bandwidth speed 2.3.6 High-tech exports (%)

Communications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements 3G & 4G market, % of mobile market Penetration rate (per 100 people) Number of internet users per 1000 people/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac Average speed Percentage of manufactured exports

295 295 296 296 297 297

Fa c t o r I I I : Fu t u re R e a d i n e s s 3.1 Adaptive attitudes 3.1.1 E-Participation 3.1.2 Internet retailing 3.1.3 Tablet possession 3.1.4 Smartphone possession 3.1.5 Attitudes toward globalization

Use of online services that facilitate public’s interaction with government US$ Per ‘000 People % households % households Attitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your society

289 289 290 290 291

Companies are very good at responding quickly to opportunities and threats Percentage of all medium manufacturing firms Companies are agile Companies are very good at using big data and analytics to support decision-making Knowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities

291 292 292 293 293

Provision of online government services to promote access and inclusion of citizens Public and private sector ventures are supporting technological development Cyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations % of unlicensed software installation

294 294 295 295

3.2 Business agility 3.2.1 Opportunities and threats 3.2.2 Innovative firms 3.2.3 Agility of companies 3.2.4 Use of big data and analytics 3.2.5 Knowledge transfer

3.3 IT integration 3.3.1 E-Government 3.3.2 Public-private partnerships 3.3.3 Cyber security 3.3.4 Sofware piracy


173

Notes and Sources by Cr iter ia Standard notes used in the data tables When statistical data is not available or is too out-dated to be relevant for a particular economy, the name appears at the bottom of the statistical table and a dash is shown. When the data is older than the reference year, the year of the data is shown next to the criterion value. Exchange Rate Per capita

As most data are expressed in U.S. dollars, you will find the exchange rates used at the beginning of the Statistical Tables.the sources for the Exchange Rates are International Financial Statistics Online March 2017 (IMF) and national sources. For all information presented “per capita” the sources for the population are Passport GMID (Euromonitor) and national sources.

% of GDP

For all information presented as a “percentage of GDP” the sources for GDP are the OECD Main Economic Indicators April 2017 and national sources.

Factor 1: Knowledge 1.1 Talent 1.1.1 Educational assessment PISA - Math PISA 2015 (OECD) http://www.oecd.org/pisa/ The OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) is a regular survey of 15-year olds which assesses aspects of their preparedness for adult life. Mathematical literacy: an individual’s capacity to identify and understand the role that mathematics plays in the world, to make well-founded judgments and to use and engage with mathematics in ways that meet the needs of that individual’s life as a constructive, concerned and reflective citizen. Scientific literacy: an individual’s scientific knowledge and use of that knowledge to identify questions, to acquire new knowledge, to explain scientific phenomena, and to draw evidence based conclusions about science-related issues, understanding of the characteristic features of science as a form of human knowledge and enquiry, awareness of how science and technology shape our material, intellectual, and cultural environments, and willingness to engage in science-related issues, and with the ideas of science, as a reflective citizen. 1.1.6 Net flow of international students Global Education Digest 2015 - Comparing Education Statistics Across the World (UNESCO) http://www.uis.unesco.org/publications/GED2012 UNESCO http://stats.uis.unesco.org Net flow of internationally mobile students (inbound from abroad studying in a given country minus outbound from a given country), both sexes, in tertiary education. Data can refer to the school or financial year prior or after the reference year.

1.2 Training & education

1.2.2 Total public expenditure on education UNESCO http://stats.uis.unesco.org Eurostat April 2017 National sources Philippines: 2013 figure is based on the Department of Education’s budget; 2015 figure includes allocations made by Commission of Higher Education and Department of Science and Technology. Jordan and Chile: Budgetary central government.

174


1.2.3 Higher education achievement OECD Education at a Glance 2016 National sources Percentage of the population aged 25-34 that has attained tertiary-type B and tertiary-type A and advance research programs. Tertiary-type A education covers more theoretical programs that give access to advanced research programs and to professions with high general skills requirements. Tertiary-type B education covers more practical or occupationally specific programs that provide participants with a qualification of immediate relevance to the labor market. New-Zealand and Slovenia: break in series. Singapore: proportion of resident non-students aged 25-34 years with polytechnic, professional qualification or other diploma, or university qualification. Japan: Data for short-cycle tertiary education and total tertiary education include post-secondary non-tertiary programmes (less than 5% of the adults are under this group). 1.2.4 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) UNESCO http://stats.uis.unesco.org OECD Education at a Glance 2016 National sources Average number of pupils per teacher at a given level of education, based on headcounts of both pupils and teachers. Tertiary education (ISCED levels 5 to 8). Tertiary education builds on secondary education, providing learning activities in specialised fields of education. It aims at learning at a high level of complexity and specialisation. Tertiary education includes what is commonly understood as academic education but also includes advanced vocational or professional education. 1.2.5 Graduates in Sciences OECD Education at a Glance UNESCO Share of graduates in Natural Sciences; Mathematics and Statistics; Computing, Information and Communication technologies. In tertiary education (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8), both sexes (%) 1.2.6 Women with degrees UNESCO Percentage of graduates (a person who, during the reference school or academic year, has successfully completed an education programme) from tertiary ISCED 5, 6, 7 and 8 programmes who are female. Israel: ISCED levels 6 and 7 only up to 2012, av. of levels 6-8 in 2014. Russia: ISCED levels 6 and 7 only.

1.3 Scientific concentration

1.3.1 Total expenditure on R&D (%) OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators 2/2016 UNESCO http://stats.uis.unesco.org National sources National estimates, projections or provisional data for the most recent year. Chile, Denmark, France, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden: break in series. Hungary (up to 2003), Israel: defense excluded(all or mostly). Indonesia: Estimate based on target GERD by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Sweden: underestimated or based on underestimated data. USA: excludes most or all capital expenditure. 1.3.2 Total R&D personnel per capita OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators 2/2016 UNESCO http://stats.uis.unesco.org National sources National estimates, projections or provisional data for most recent year. Czech Republic, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Hungary, Japan, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden and Taiwan: break in series. United Kingdom: underestimated or based on underestimated data. Jordan, Philippines: based on headcount, not FTE. 1.3.3 Female researchers UNESCO Female researchers (headcount) who are mainly or partially employed in R&D. This includes staff employed both full-time and part-time. Expressed as a percentage of the total workforce (male + female) 1.3.4 R&D productivity by publication NSF Science & Engineering Indicators 2016 Courtesy: National Science Foundation National sources The indicator is calculated as a ratio between the number of scientific articles by author’s origin and the total expenditure in R&D as % GDP, which clearly include the input costs to produce research (e.g. researchers’ salaries, equipement etc.). The result gives therefore the number of scientific articles published every year for a one percent (of GDP) expenditure in R&D activities. This measure can be consider as a proxy to assess the efficiency (or productivity) in producing high-level scientific research at country level.


175

1.3.5 Scientific and technical employment Business Monitor International Eurostat Scientific and technical employment as a % of total employment. Defined as formal employment within the ‘scientific and technical’ sector. For more information, refer to NACE2 category M (or equivalent). 1.3.6 High-tech patent grants WIPO Statistics Database http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en/statistics/patents/ TIPO for Taiwan High-Tech patent grants as a percentage of total patent grants (Direct and PCT national phase entries) by applicant’s origin. Three year average to reduce volatility. Counts are based on the grant date. Country of origin refers to the country of residency of the first-named applicant in the application. Taiwan: data compiled by TIPO using data supplied by international patent offices (USPTO, JPO, EPO, KIPO, SIPO). Factor 2:

Technology 2.1 Regulatory framework

2.1.1 Starting a business Doing Business 2017 - World Bank The distance to frontier score aids in assessing the absolute level of regulatory performance and how it improves over time. This measure shows the distance of each economy to the frontier, which represents the best performance observed on each of the indicators across all economies in the Doing Business sample since 2005. This allows users both to see the gap between a particular economy’s performance and the best performance at any point in time and to assess the absolute change in the economy’s regulatory environment over time as measured by Doing Business. An economy’s distance to frontier is reflected on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the lowest performance and 100 represents the frontier. For example, a score of 75 in DB 2016 means an economy was 25 percentage points away from the frontier constructed from the best performances across all economies and across time. A score of 80 in DB 2017 would indicate the economy is improving. In this way the distance to frontier measure complements the annual ease of doing business ranking, which compares economies with one another at a point in time. 2.1.2 Enforcing contracts Doing Business 2017 - World Bank The distance to frontier score aids in assessing the absolute level of regulatory performance and how it improves over time. This measure shows the distance of each economy to the frontier, which represents the best performance observed on each of the indicators across all economies in the Doing Business sample since 2005. This allows users both to see the gap between a particular economy’s performance and the best performance at any point in time and to assess the absolute change in the economy’s regulatory environment over time as measured by Doing Business. An economy’s distance to frontier is reflected on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the lowest performance and 100 represents the frontier. For example, a score of 75 in DB 2016 means an economy was 25 percentage points away from the frontier constructed from the best performances across all economies and across time. A score of 80 in DB 2017 would indicate the economy is improving. In this way the distance to frontier measure complements the annual ease of doing business ranking, which compares economies with one another at a point in time. 2.2 Capital 2.2.4 Investment risk Euromoney Country Risk Rankings September 2015 www.euromoneycountryrisk.com No further copying or transmission of this material is allowed without the express permission of Euromoney.com ([email protected]). Including political risk, economic performance, structural assessments, access to bank finance and capital markets, debt indicators and credit ratings. 2.2.6 Investment in Telecommunications Passport GMID Source: © Euromonitor International 2017 National sources Investment refers to as the annual capital expenditure; this is the gross annual investment in telecom (including fixed, mobile and other services) for acquiring property and network. The term investment means the expenditure associated with acquiring the ownership of property (including intellectual and non-tangible property such as computer software) and plant. This includes expenditure on initial installations and on additions to existing installations where the usage is expected to be over an extended period of time. Note that this applies to telecom services that are available to the public, and exclude investment in telecom software or equipment for private use.

176


2.3 Technological framework

2.3.2 Mobile Broadband subscribers Business Monitor International Total active mobile 3G and 4G subscriptions, excluding broadband connections on dedicated data SIM cards or USB dongles. Data given as a percentage of the total mobile market. 2.3.3 Wireless broadband Passport GMID Source: © Euromonitor International 2017 The penetration rates of wireless broadband is calculated by dividing the number of Wireless Broadband subscribers by the total population and multiplying by 100. Wireless-broadband subscriptions refer to the sum of satellite broadband, terrestrial fixed wireless broadband and active mobile-broadband subscriptions to the public Internet. The indicator refers to total active wireless-broadband Internet subscriptions using satellite, terrestrial fixed wireless or terrestrial mobile connections. Broadband subscriptions are those with an advertised download speed of at least 256 kbit/s. In the case of mobile-broadband, only active subscriptions are included (those with at least one access to the Internet in the last three months or with a dedicated data plan). The service can be standalone with a data card, or an add-on service to a voice plan. The indicator does not cover fixed (wired)-broadband or Wi-Fi subscriptions. Both residential and business subscriptions should be included. 2.3.4 Internet users Computer Industry Almanac Inc. April 2017 http://www.c-i-a.com National sources 2.3.5 Internet bandwidth speed © Akamai 2017 State of the Internet Report 4/2016 Average connection speed in Mbps: data transfer rates for Internet access by end-users for documents stored on Akamai networks. 2.3.6 High-tech exports (%) The World Bank (Development Data Group) http://databank.worldbank.org National sources High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Factor 3:

Future readiness 3.1 Adaptive attitudes

3.1.1 E-Participation UN E-Government Knowledge Database The e-participation index (EPI) measures the use of online services to facilitate provision of information by governments to citizens (e-information sharing), interaction with stakeholders (e-consultation), and engagement in decision-making processes (e-decision making). 3.1.2 Internet retailing Passport GMID Source: © Euromonitor International 2017 Retail Value excluding sales tax 3.1.3 Tablet possession Passport GMID Source: © Euromonitor International 2017 Percentage of households having at least one item. Portable, usually battery-powered, and very thin personal computer contained with a touchscreen panel. 3.1.4 Smartphone possession Passport GMID Source: © Euromonitor International 2017 Percentage of households having at least one item. A smartphone is a cellular telephone with an integrated computer and other features not originally associated with telephones, such as an operating system, Web browsing, music and movie player, camera and camcorder, GPS navigation, voice dictation for messaging, the ability to run software applications, etc.


177

3.2 Business agility

3.2.2 Innovative firms UNESCO Medium firms (50-250 employees) that implemented an innovation, as caluclated by the UIS Questionnaire on Innovation Statistics. The indicator is presented as a percentage.

3.3 IT integration

3.3.1 E-Government UN E-Government Knowledge Database The E-Government Development Index presents the state of E-Government Development of the United Nations Member States. Along with an assessment of the website development patterns in a country, the E-Government Development index incorporates the access characteristics, such as the infrastructure and educational levels, to reflect how a country is using information technologies to promote access and inclusion of its people. The EGDI is a composite measure of three important dimensions of e-government, namely: provision of online services, telecommunication connectivity and human capacity. 3.3.4 Sofware piracy BSA Global Software Survey The BSA Global Software Survey calculates unlicensed installations of software that runs on PCs — including desktops, laptops, and ultra-portables, such as netbooks. A key component of the BSA Global Software Survey is a global survey of more than 20,000 home and enterprise PC users, conducted by IDC. In addition, a parallel survey was carried out among 2,200 IT managers in 22 countries. Please consult the original report for a more detailed explanation of the methodology.

178


Index to Cr iter ia The first number indicates the Competitiveness Factor, the second number indicates the sub-factor and the third number indicates the criterion number. A Agility of companies...........................................................................................................................................3.2.1-3.2.3 Attitudes toward globalization..................................................................................................................................... 3.1.5 B Banking and financial services....................................................................................................................................2.2.3 Big data.......................................................................................................................................................................3.2.4 Broadband........................................................................................................................................................ 2.3.2-2.3.3 C Capital...............................................................................................................................................................2.2.1-2.2.6 City, management....................................................................................................................................................... 1.1.4 Communications technology.......................................................................................................................................2.3.1 Company agility.................................................................................................................................................3.2.1-3.2.3 Computer penetration.........................................................................................................................................3.1.1-3.1.5 Cyber security.............................................................................................................................................................3.3.3 D Degrees,............................................................................................................................................................1.2.5-1.2.6 Digital/Technological skills.......................................................................................................................................... 1.1.5 E Education........................................................................................................................................................... 1.2.1-1.2.6 Educational assessment PISA - Math..........................................................................................................................1.1.1 E-Government............................................................................................................................................................3.3.1 Employee training....................................................................................................................................................... 1.2.1 Enforcing contracts..................................................................................................................................................... 2.1.2 E-Participation............................................................................................................................................................ 3.1.1 Exports, High-tech......................................................................................................................................................2.3.6 F Female researchers....................................................................................................................................................1.3.3 Foreign highly-skilled personnel................................................................................................................................. 1.1.3 Funding for technological development...................................................................................................................... 2.2.2 G Globalization, attitudes towards.................................................................................................................................. 3.1.5 Graduates in Sciences................................................................................................................................................1.2.5 H Higher education achievement....................................................................................................................................1.2.3 High-tech exports (%).................................................................................................................................................2.3.6 High-tech patent grants...............................................................................................................................................1.3.6 I Immigration laws......................................................................................................................................................... 2.1.3 Innovative firms.......................................................................................................................................................... 3.2.2 Intellectual property rights.......................................................................................................................................... 2.1.6 International experience............................................................................................................................................. 1.1.2 Internet............................................................................................................................................................. 2.3.1-2.3-6 Internet bandwidth speed............................................................................................................................................2.3.5 Internet retailing.......................................................................................................................................................... 3.1.2 Internet users..............................................................................................................................................................2.3.4 Investment.........................................................................................................................................................2.2.1-2.2.6 Investment in Telecommunications.............................................................................................................................2.2.6 Investment risk............................................................................................................................................................2.2.4 IT & media stock market capitalization........................................................................................................................2.2.1 IT penetration......................................................................................................................................................3.1.1-3.1.5 IT, digital skills............................................................................................................................................................. 1.1.5


179

K-L Knowledge transfer.....................................................................................................................................................3.2.5 Legislation..........................................................................................................................................................2.1.1-2.1.6 M Management of cities.................................................................................................................................................. 1.1.4 Mobile Broadband subscribers...................................................................................................................................2.3.2 N-O Net flow of international students................................................................................................................................ 1.1.6 Opportunities and threats...........................................................................................................................................3.2.1 P Piracy..........................................................................................................................................................................3.3.4 Public-private partnerships.........................................................................................................................................3.3.2 Pupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education)........................................................................................................................1.2.4 R R&D .................................................................................................................................................................. 1.3.1-1.3.6 R&D productivity.........................................................................................................................................................1.3.4 Regulations.........................................................................................................................................................2.1.1-2.1.6 S Scientific and technical employment...........................................................................................................................1.3.5 Scientific research legislation..................................................................................................................................... 2.1.5 Skills.........................................................................................................................................................1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.5 Smartphone possession............................................................................................................................................. 3.1.4 Sofware piracy............................................................................................................................................................3.3.4 Starting a business..................................................................................................................................................... 2.1.1 T Tablet possession....................................................................................................................................................... 3.1.3 Talent........................................................................................................................................................1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.5 Technological regulation............................................................................................................................................. 2.1.4 Technology....................................................................................................................................................... 2.3.1-2.3-6 Total expenditure on R&D (%)..................................................................................................................................... 1.3.1 Total public expenditure on education.........................................................................................................................1.2.2 Total R&D personnel per capita..................................................................................................................................1.3.2 Training....................................................................................................................................................................... 1.2.1 U-V Use of big data and analytics......................................................................................................................................3.2.4 Venture capital............................................................................................................................................................2.2.5 W Wireless broadband....................................................................................................................................................2.3.3 Women with degrees..................................................................................................................................................1.2.6

180
