Italy in figures - Istat

www.istat.it This easy-to-read leaflet portrays Italy to let people know more about its identity and transformations. Divided into 16 themes, it synthetically describes the main economic, demographic, social and territorial aspects as well as some basic behaviours and uses of its population. Thanks to its details, glossaries and brief methodological notes, everybody can make good use of the informative wealth. Distributed to the media, opinion leaders, international institutions, you may freely obtain a copy at the statistical information centre of your Italian region or request a copy to the Communication Office of Istat. Alternatively, you may download its complete version or browse each charter from the website homepage www.istat.it.

2008

POPULATION TERRITORY ENVIRONMENT LIVING STANDARDS CULTURE JUSTICE HEALTH EDUCATION LABOUR MARKET PENSIONS ECONOMY PRICES FOREIGN TRADE AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY AND SERVICES TOURISM

Italy in figures

key points

1° January 1957

RESIDENT POPULATION DENSITY Piemonte Valle d'Aosta Liguria Lombardia Trentino-Alto Adige Veneto Friuli-Venezia Giulia Emilia-Romagna Marche Toscana Umbria Lazio Campania Abruzzo e Molise Puglia Basilicata Calabria Sicilia Sardegna Italy

154 31 320 311 58 209 153 166 139 143 94 230 350 103 177 65 136 184 59 168

Geographical areas: ■ North: Piemonte, Valle d’Aosta, Liguria, Lombardia, TrentinoAlto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna ■ Centre: Toscana, Lazio, Umbria, Marche ■ South: Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Basilicata, Puglia, Calabria, Sicilia, Sardegna Resident population: Italian and foreign citizens registered in the municipal Register Offices, even if they were absent on the considered day because they were abroad or in another municipality

inhabitants per km2

POPULATION 1 ITALY'S NUMBERS Main territorial and demographic data Latitude North Latitude South Longitude West Longitude East Maximum span (km) Territorial surface (km2) Total surface of woods (km2) Total length of sea coasts (km) Surface at high seismic risk (km2) Protected areas (km2) Highest mountain - Monte Bianco (m)

47° 06’ 35° e 30' -5° e 50' 6° e 04' 1,200 301,336 68,571 7,375 27,645 57,325 4,810

Longest river - Po (km) Railway network (km) Road network (km) Regions Provinces Municipalities Resident population Resident foreigners Number of households Households' average members Population density (inhab./km2

RESIDENT POPULATION DENSITY Inhabitants per km2, 1 January 2007

65 38

400

81

171 297

154 259 Up to 100 From 101 to 200 From 201 to 300 Over 300

191 158 103 319

158 122

72 210 426 59

69

ITALIANAVERAGE 196

132

195

652 16,295 175,430 20 107 8,101 59,131,287 2,938,922 23,907,410 2.5 196

Natural balance: difference between the number of births and the number of deaths among the resident population occurred both in Italy and abroad

RESIDENCE PERMITS 1 JANUARY 2007 1,522,290 606,133 286,549 2,414,972

North Centre South Italy

Registration and removal balance: difference between the number of new registrations in and the number of removals from the Register Offices among the resident population occurred in Italy. New registrations and removals may be due to relocation from/to another Italian municipality; or relocation from/to a foreign country; or other reasons

FOREIGN RESIDENT POPULATION WITH REFERENCE TO THE CENSUS DAY 47,177 62,780 121,116 210,937 356,159 1,334,889

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

Residence permits: all foreigners who are legally present in Italy, i.e. holders of a valid document issued by the Italian police authorities, with the relevant exception of minors who in the majority of cases do not have their own permit and are recorded in their parents' papers

2 POPULATION RESIDENT POPULATION AND POPULATION CHANGE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Population on 1 January 2007 and changes in year 2006 Resident population 26,835,082 11,540,584 20,755,621 59,131,287


Natural balance -10,292 -7,993 20,403 2,118

Registration and removal balance 175,051 227,240 -24,833 377,458

RESIDENT POPULATION BY AGE CLASS, GENDER AND CITIZENSHIP

100 96 92 88 84 80 76 72 68 64 60 56 52 48 44 40 36 32 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0

Age

% values, 1 January 2007

0.9

National Non-national

National Non-national

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

key points AVERAGE NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WOMAN 1961 1981 2001 2006 (estimate)

2.41 1.60 1.25 1.35

AVERAGE AGE OF THE MOTHER AT THE BIRTH OF THE FIRST CHILD

Ageing ratio: ratio of population aged 65 and over to population aged 0-14, per 100 Dependency ratio: ratio of non-working age population (0-14; 65 and over) to working age population (15-64), per 100 Life expectancy at birth: average number of years a new-born is expected to live

25.7 25.2 28.7 29.6 30.8

1961 1981 2001 2005 (estimate) 2010 (projection)

POPULATION 3 LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH BY SEX 1930-2007 Males Females

53.8 56.0

77.9 83.7 77.8 83.5 78.3 83.9

77.9 73.8 80.3 77.0 82.8 67.2 72.3 69.0 74.9 71.1

1930-32

1961

1971

1981

1991

2001

2004

2005*

2006*

78.6 84.1

2007*

* estimate

RESIDENT POPULATION PROJECTIONS 2015-2050, thousands of people 59,051 58,344

59,167 58,743

57,375 57,890

55,936 56,738

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

2050

DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS Censuses 1961-2001 and 1 January 2003-2007

AGEING RATIO 46.1 38.9 1961

127.1

133.8

135.9

137.8

139.9

141.7

92.5 61.7

1981

1991

2001

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

DEPENDENCY RATIO 55.5 53.1 51.6

45.7

48.4

49.8

50.1

50.6

51.1

51.6

1991

2001

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

1961

1971

1971

1981

Marriages: the data refer to marriages celebrated in Italy during the year independently from the couple’s residence. They include marriages between two non-resident in Italy or between one resident and one non resident in Italy

MAIN HOUSEHOLD TYPES IN 2005-2006 Couples without children

Singles parents

20%

Household: a group of people tied together by marriage, kinship, affinity, adoption, guardianship or affection, sharing one home. A family may also be of one member only

8% 7%

39% 26%

Others

Couples with children

Singles

% volumes

4 POPULATION MARRIAGES 1931-2006 Per 1,000 inhabitants 6.7 6.1 6.9 7.9 7.5 5.6 5.5 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.1

Number 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2002 2004 2006*

276,035 273,695 328,225 397,461 404,464 316,953 312,061 264,026 270,013 248,969 243,764

Civil marriages (%) 2.6 1.5 2.4 1.6 3.9 12.7 17.5 27.1 28.9 31.9 34.4

With at least one foreign partner (%) — — — — — — — 8.1 9.5 12.3 13.3

* provisional data

SEPARATIONS AND DIVORCES 1971-2005 75,890

Separations

57,538

Divorces

44,920 30,899 17,134

21,225

11,796 1971

12,106 1976

35,547 32,717

12,606 1981

82,291

16,857 1986

40,051

47,036

27,350 1991

1996

2001

2005

HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF MEMBERS Censuses 1961-2001, % volumes 1 2 3 4 5 6 and over Total (thousands) Average number of members

1961 10.6 19.6 22.4 20.4 12.6 14.4 13,747 3.6

1971 12.9 22.0 22.4 21.2 11.8 9.7 15,981 3.3

1981 17.9 23.6 22.1 21.5 9.5 5.4 18,632 3.0

1991 20.6 24.7 22.2 21.2 7.9 3.4 19,909 2.8

2001 24.9 27.1 21.6 19.0 5.8 1.7 21,811 2.6

key points BATHING AND NON-BATHING WATERS 1992 55.3%

44.7%

2006 67.0%

Altitude: ■ mountain: it reaches a height of at least 600 metres in the Northern regions and at least 700 metres in the Central and Southern regions ■ hill: it does not exceed a height of 600 metres in the Northern regions, 700 metres in the Central and Southern regions ■ plain: low and flat, it is characterised by the absence of masses

33.0%

Bathing Non-bathing

% volumes

TERRITORY 5 FOREST FIRES BY CAUSE 1990-2006 Numbers of fires 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2006

9,479 11,932 4,134 4,058 4,601 7,950 5,641

Hectares of forest fires surface 96,157 104,385 15,008 28,136 20,216 19,399 15,399

Forest fires surface by cause (%) Natural Voluntary Involuntary Uncauses causes causes classifiable (lightning) (arsons) * 0.9 63.8 19.6 15.7 3.6 74.0 13.8 8.6 0.9 72.5 18.1 8.5 0.2 80.6 8.2 11.0 0.3 69.5 12.0 18.2 0.1 62.3 14.5 23.1 2.2 68.2 10.2 19.5

* foresty and agricultural activities, cigarettes and matches

TERRITORIAL SURFACE DEFINED BY ALTITUDE AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2006, hectares Mountain

Hill

Plain

6,544,884

5,532,035

4,188,135 2,272,975 North

3,724,039 1,576,067

3,502,908

2,254,706

537,852 Centre

South

NUMBER OF INSPECTIONS CARRIED OUT BY THE MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT BY SECTOR 2006

Noise pollution Air pollution Soil pollution Electromagnetic pollution Water pollution Light pollution Unauthorized pollution Radioactive pollution Risk of revelant accident Transboundary Total

Inspectons Number Not complying 315 33 1,000 235 1,862 4,717 4 28 2,238 409 2 0 198 850 38 10 126 47 71 42 9,385 2,840

Persons Economic sanctions Seizures Reported Arrested (2) (2) 39 0 1,032 0 248 0 12,974 109,107,850 2,657 109 39,722,670 907,401,601 0 0 0 2 338 0 1,499,570 18,531,060 0 0 2,225 0 2 0 45,847,570 342 4 0 0 0 45 0 0 789,000 27 0 3,616 6,781,032 3,702 111 41,242,088 1,088,458,113

Municipal waste: ■ household waste, including bulky ones ■ non-hazardous waste similar to municipal waste in type and quantity ■ waste from street cleaning ■ greens waste from parks and gardens ■ waste from cemeterial activities Separate waste collection: waste is assembled into homogeneous groups of similar materials for re-use, recycling and recovery of raw materials

KILOMETRES OF CYCLE TRACKS IN 2006 88.0 26.5 80.3 22.7 11.1 49.4 36.6 1.1 0.9 6.9 3.6 4.7 3.9 2.3

Torino Milano Bolzano-Bozen Trento Venezia Bologna Firenze Perugia Ancona Roma Campobasso Bari Palermo Cagliari per 100 km2 of municipal area

6 ENVIRONMENT MUNICIPAL WASTE COLLECTION BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2006, % volumes Non separate collection 57.1 78.2 88.9 72.2


1996

2,529.5

Separate collection 39.9 20.0 10.2 25.8

2006

Bulky waste 3.1 1.8 0.9 2.1

Paper

550.2

1,448.0

Glass

69.1

457.3

Plastic

376.1

Kg/ inhabitant 545.8 644.2 508.6 551.8

SEPARATE WASTE COLLECTION

2,702.5

1,240.2 576.5

Total (tonnes) 14,601,853 7,363,979 10,556,818 32,522,650

296.4

Organic waste

1996 and 2006 thousands of tonnes

Other

ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS IN DISTRICT CHIEF TOWNS 2006 Parks and gardens % of m2 per municipal inhabitant area 16.2 23.3 4.0 25.0 11.4 15.9 3.8 20.1 7.8 111.3 28.3 1.8 15.8 3.9 10.2 40.4 8.6 32.5 5.4 15.2 1.2 34.5 28.1 341.4 14.8 3.0 10.7 691.5 16.4 1.5 23.9 28.6 1.1 4.0 0.9 21.7 4.5 52.7 33.9 80.5 52.9 283.2

Torino Aosta Milano Bolzano-Bozen Trento Venezia Trieste Genova Bologna Firenze Perugia Ancona Roma L'Aquila Campobasso Napoli Bari Potenza Catanzaro Palermo Cagliari * data are influenced by a lesser taxation for new cars registration

Cars per 1.000 inhabitants 622.0 *1.931.2 564.1 534.8 588.9 424.5 527.4 466.5 539.1 547.5 692.7 615.8 719.9 695.7 652.0 564.0 557.0 694.7 605.1 588.1 650.9

per km2 4,303.0 *3,129.0 4,046.8 1,013.9 415.3 275.0 1,284.0 1,183.5 1,430.2 1,958.9 248.9 506.1 1,446.1 107.4 600.3 4,711.5 1,562.7 273.2 513.5 2,475.1 1,216.1

Air air-monitoring stations per 100 km2 4.6 23.4 4.4 7.6 1.9 2.2 15.4 10.7 5.0 5.9 0.9 4.0 0.9 — 5.4 6.8 6.9 2.3 — 5.7 8.2

key points Average monthly expenditure: the family’s average expense for consumption. It is calculated by dividing the total expenditure by the number of households. In 1968 it was 147,000 liras (75.92 euro, value at current prices), about 30 times less than the one of 2006 ; it’s stable the territorial difference between 1968 and 2006, whereas the average expenditure of the families in the South was about 70% of that of the families in the North Average expenditure for purchase of goods: calculated by dividing the households’ total expenditure for a good (or service) by the number of households that have purchased the good (or service) Reference person: the family head as recorded in the Register Office

LIVING STANDARDS 7 AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY HOUSEHOLD TYPE 2006, % volumes by household type Average Food Clothing Housing Transport Leisure Others monthly

Single person under 35 Single person 35 to 64 Single person 65 and over Couple without children with r.p. under 35 Couple without children with r.p. 35-64 Couple without children with r.p. 65 and over Couple with 1 child Couple with 2 children Couple with 3 or more children Single parent Other types Total households

15.0 16.3 21.9 14.1 16.8 21.9 18.3 19.0 21.9 18.5 20.9 19.0

6.5 5.8 3.3 6.4 6.1 4.3 6.8 7.7 8.0 6.7 6.2 6.4

32.7 35.3 45.3 27.9 30.7 38.7 28.3 25.6 24.7 31.4 29.0 31.0

17.7 15.5 7.9 20.1 18.4 12.6 18.2 19.2 17.8 16.8 18.5 16.8

6.4 5.0 3.2 5.9 4.7 3.7 5.8 6.8 7.6 5.9 5.1 5.5

21.7 22.1 18.4 25.6 23.3 18.8 22.6 21.7 20.0 20.7 20.3 21.3

expense(2) 1,913 1,929 1,328 2,632 2,863 2,112 2,962 3,204 3,031 2,383 2,714 2,461

r.p.= reference person

AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURE BY CHAPTER 1968 and 2006, % volumes 1968 Healthcare and other good and services 16.5% Education, leisure and culture 3.0% Transport and communications 10.3% Furniture, household items and services 4.1% Housing, electricity and fuel 16.4%

2006 Food and beverages 37.4%

Tobacco products 2.6% Clothing and footwear 9.7%

Healthcare and other good and services 14.6% Education, leisure and culture 5.5% Transport and communications 16.8%

Food and beverages 19.0% Tobacco products 0.8% Clothing and footwear 6.4%

Furniture, household items and services 5.9%

Housing, electricity and fuel 31.0%

AVERAGE EXPENDITURE FOR DURABLES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2006, euro Dishwasher Air conditioner Television Personal computer Mobile phone Camera Car

North 604 1,265 659 643 160 622 17,179

Centre 582 911 586 449 149 637 17,912

South 492 673 356 583 167 658 16,135

Italy 594 949 581 625 160 629 17,153

Sport practise: in 2007, 20.6% of population aged 3 and over (over 8 millions of people) practised continuously one sport, 9.6% did it discontinuously. People who do not did any sport amounted to 39.5%: 44.2% of women and 34.5% of men. The trend on sport practise (available since 1982 for continuous sport activities and for persons aged 6 and over) highlights that participation has come back to rise after the slowdown registered between 1988 and 1995 (from 23% to 18%). The percentage of population aged 6 and over practising sport was quite stable between 2003 and 2007

DAILY CONSUMERS OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS IN 2006 Wine 40.0 15.6 Beer 7.7 1.4 Males Females per 100 people aged 14 and over of the same sex

8 LIVING STANDARDS CONSUMERS OF SOME FOOD AT LEAST ONCE A DAY 1997 and 2006, per 100 persons 3 aged and over 89.9

86.8

80.2 63.3

59.2

49.3

50.2

77.7 52.9

41.3

38.8

58.5 1997 2006

Milk

Bread, pasta, rice

Vegetables

Green

Fish*

Fruit

* at least once a week

MEANS OF TRANSPORT USED TO TRAVEL TO WORK 1997-2007, per 100 employed persons aged 15 and over that travel to work 1997 2.1 4.9 1.8 2.0 72.0 4.0 2.6 13.6

Train Tram, bus Underground Coach Car Motorcycle, motorbike Bicycle Walking

1999 2.4 5.5 1.9 2.4 72.0 4.7 3.6 11.8

2001 2.6 5.0 1.8 1.9 75.0 4.3 2.7 11.6

2003 2.3 5.0 2.2 2.1 75.2 5.0 3.0 10.9

2005 2.6 5.0 2.2 3.0 76.8 4.2 2.9 11.1

2007 2.9 5.5 2.5 3.2 74.4 4.4 3.2 11.2

TECHNOLOGICAL GOODS OWNED BY HOUSEHOLDS 1997-2007, per 100 households 78.2

85.5

42.7

47.8 30.7

27.3

38.8 21.1

16.7

28.6

2.3 Mobile phone

Personal computer

Internet access

Satellite dish

1997 2003 2007

key points Theatre and music: including theatre, opera, ballets, concerts, musical comedy, puppet shows

READERS AND AUDIENCE IN 2007 TV watchers*

Museums: data are referred to public institutions - antiques and art institutions, galleries, monuments and archaeological sites opened during the year

93.8 Radio listeners* 62.8 Newspaper readers** 58.1 Book readers** 43.1 * per 100 persons aged 3 and over ** per 100 persons aged 6 and over

CULTURE 9 THEATRE, MUSIC, CINEMA AND MUSEUM 2001-2006 THEATRE AND MUSIC Performances Tickets sold (thousands) CINEMA Days of performance Tickets sold (thousands) MUSEUMS Museums Visitors (thousands)

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

149,135 27,181

169,476 27,878

184,754 27,484

191,289 30,479

207,968 31,896

203,116 32,449

877,640 109,969

981,887 111,493

1,074,224 105.030

1,151,152 115,104

1,193,772 104,684

1,220,229 104,980

387 29,543,020

392 30,268,487

401 403 403 402 30,451,243 32,226,640 33,048,137 34,574,591

ATTENDANCE AT SOME ENTERTAINMENT EVENTS* 2007, per 100 persons aged 6 and over 48.8

27.9 21.0

26.5

23.6

19.2

21.6

Other concerts

Archaeolig sites, monuments

9.3 Theatre

Cinema

Museum, Discotheque art exhibition

Sport events

Symphony concerts

* at least once per year

ANNUAL AVERAGE EXPENDITURE FOR SOME ENTERTAINMENT EVENTS 2001-2006, euro EXPENDITURE PER INHABITANT Theatre and music Cinema Sport events Total EXPENDITURE PER TICKET Theatre and music Cinema

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

7.2 10.3 5.8 23.4

8.0 11.0 5.7 24.8

8.1 10.6 5.3 24.0

9.0 11.3 5.7 26.1

9.0 10.3 5.6 24.8

9.1 10.2 6.0 25.4

15.1 5.4

16.4 5.6

16.8 5.8

17.1 5.7

16.5 5.7

16.5 5.7

Civil action: proceeding aimed at settling a controversial juridical relationship

Litigation rate: ratio of the number of first instance civil action to average resident population, per 1,000

Criminal action: proceeding aimed at ascertaining and sanctioning the criminal responsibility for an offence. The data refer to incoming and closed proceedings handled by all first and second instance legal offices during the various trial phases. Hence, each proceeding could be counted more than once based on the office that handled it

Convicted to prison: person sentenced to detention for having committed an offence rated as crime Interned: person sentenced to detention in special institutions (criminal psychiatric hospital, treatment and surveillance centre, etc.)

Average duration: ratio between pending civil action (initial+ending) and incoming and closed as per 365

10 JUSTICE CIVIL ACTIONS BY TRIAL LEVEL 2001 and 2005

Filed Closed Pending at the end of the year Average duration in days

first instance 1,361,774 1,483,185 3,058,032 800

2001 second instance 100,614 103,159 243,767 878

first instance 1,426,080 1,491,507 2,769,713 701

2005 second instance 142,942 114,066 343,455 935

LITIGATION RATE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2001-2005 36.4 22.6 14.0

14.2

23.0

40.8

39.7 23.7

22.3

25.4

24.3

13.2

North

2001 2003 2005

Centre

South

Italy

CRIMINAL ACTIONS BY TRIAL LEVEL 2001 and 2005

Filed Closed Pending at the end of the year

first instance 6,247,815 6,214,641 5,670,727

2001 second instance 77,134 77,286 108,895

first instance 5,822,834 5,693,766 5,196,551

2005 second instance 87,613 81,470 143,149

CONVICTED TO PRISON AND INTERNED* AT THE-END OF THE YEAR 1926-2006, per 100,000 inhabitants 142.8

129.1 68.2

1926

1936

1956

84.5

101.3 66.0

53.2 1976

1996

* minors not included; convicted to prison population can change as a consequence of amnesty and pardon proceedings

2005

2006

key points CONVICTED PEOPLE

Under age people in the first reception centres: stated in advance that not all under age people which have been arrested go into the first reception centres, the entrances in these structures were 3,505 in 2006; 57.8% of cases were foreigners. The highest number of imputations concerned the offences against the property (61.5% of the total for Italian under age, 81.1% for foreign under age), followed by the breaches of the law on drugs and the breaches against individuals

ABSOLUTE VALUE 239,174 2001 2003 219,679 221,381 2005 % FEMALES 14.4 2001 2003 14.0 14.0 2005 % FOREIGN PEOPLE 26.6 2001 21.4 2003 2005 21.9 % MINORS 2001 1.8 1.4 2003 2005 1.3

First reception centres: structures in which the arrested under age people are hosted until confirmation hearing in Court

JUSTICE 11 REPORTED OFFENCES AND PERSONS 2005 Reported offences total of known author 41 27 1,302 796 9 3 93 33 1,473 488 7,779 3,511 61,872 19,058 4,629 1,754 1,357,088 1,300,562 47,313 37,181 7,886 3,514 228 170 1,135 112 237 49 17,920 17,140 245,514 172,346 1,857 625 35,343 10,305 1,576 343 959,219 607,245 2,752,514 2,175,262

Slaughter Murder Attempted murder Infanticides Involuntary manslaughter Manslaughter Personal injury Sexual violence Theft Robbery Blackmail Kidnapping Criminal gang Mafia gang Arson Swindle Smuggling Drug traffic Prostitution exploitation Other offences Total

5,129.1

total 51 1,647 6 99 1,480 5,774 38,195 3,174 58,334 12,776 6,297 251 4,473 457 942 80,673 1,463 42,809 1,243 290,846 550,990

4,685.0

3,669.8 1,802.2

1,260.0

1,452.8

1935

1955

1925

1975

1995

Reported persons of which minors 4 27 0 5 59 63 1,417 231 7,159 1,325 245 11 20 2 43 2,251 6 1,553 2 4,866 19,289

REPORTED OFFENCES 1925-2005, per 100,000 inhabitants

2005

JUDICIAL SYSTEM PERSONNEL* 2005 Magistrates North Centre South Central offices** Total

3,162 1,717 4,126 — 9,005

Technical and administrative personnel 15,623 9,362 21,927 2,937 49,849

*excluding those without ordinary judicial functions ** national offices (Ministry, Anti-mafia National Department, Supreme Court, etc.)

Justices of the Peace 1,567 785 2,348 — 4,700

National Health Service (NHS): includes public hospitals and credited private clinics

PEOPLE WHO HAVE DONE AT LEAST ONE CHECK-UP IN 2005

Hospitalisation rate: ratio of number of in-patients to resident population (yearly average), per 1,000

Blood pressure Glycemia Cholesterol

Average length of stay in hospital: ratio of number of days of stay to number of in-patients

64.6 54.3 53.9

per 100 persons aged 18 and over

12 HEALTH INDICATORS ON HOSPITALS OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2004 Hospitals

Beds number


400 297 517 1,214

105,305 47,581 72,672 225,558

In-patients number hospitalisation rate 3,597,476 136.9 1,601,842 143.2 2,971,265 143.5 8,170,583 140.5

per 1,000 inhabitants 4.0 4.3 3.5 3.9

Days of stay number

average

29,784,199 13,810,778 19,370,989 62,965,966

8.3 8.6 6.5 7.7

NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE STAFF BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2005, per 1,000 inhabitants 4.6

4.6

4.3

3.8 1.9

1.9

1.7

1.8

Doctors and dentists Nurse staff

North

Centre

South

Italy

NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE INDICATORS 2005, absolute values and rates per 10,000 inhabitants North 20,337 Doctors of general medicine Medical practitioners rate 7.7 Pediatricians of National Health Service 3,015 8.7 National Health Service pediatricians rate* First-aid station services 742 First-aid station services rate 0.3 186,217 Prescriptions in convention** Per capita prescriptions 7.0 * per 10,000 children aged 0-14 ** thousands

Centre 9,850 8.7 1,455 9.9 400 0.4 87,709 7.8

South 16,835 8.1 2,989 9.0 1,854 0.9 187,385 9.0

Italy 47,022 8.0 7,459 9.0 2,996 0.5 461,311 7.9

key points INFANT MORTALITY PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS*

HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE FOR HEALTHCARE GOODS AND SERVICES IN 2006 Hospitalisations Check-ups Dentist Auxiliary health services Diagnostic tests Radiographies/ echographies Glasses/lenses Drugs Thermometers/syringes

115.2

112.9

66.6

453 109 379 157 55

1931

1941

40.7

1951

1961

28.5 1971

14.1

8.1

4.4

3.6

1981

1991

2001

2005

* calculated on the resident population

71 160 79 30

Infant mortality: includes deaths in the first year of age before the first birthday, including those died before the registration of birth. In 2005, the deaths in the first year of age amounted to 2,108; 558 related deaths in the first week of life, 966 in the first month and 584 over the first month

euro

HEALTH 13 HEALTH CONDITIONS AND DECLARED CHRONIC DESEASES 2002-2007, per 100 persons 74.4 73.3

2002 2007

12.7 3.9 In a good health

19.3 19.4

15.3 6.5

4.6

Diabetes

Hypertension

6.7

3.8

Bronchitis Osteoarthritis, and bronchial arthritis asthma

4.0

Hearth deseases

8.4

9.9

Allergic deseases

4.0

4.4

Fidgety deseases

DRUG CONSUMERS* BY AGE 1993-2006, thousands of people 1993 1,524 2,753 7,317 5,986 17,580

Up to 14 15-34 35-64 65 and over Total

1998 1,396 2,626 7,687 6,933 18,643

2003 1,166 2,636 8,490 7,730 20,022

2006 1,520 2,832 9,567 8,864 22,784

* in the two days before the interview

EXPENDITURE ON HEALTHCARE BY SECTOR 2002-2007, billions of current euro Total 104.2

107.8 81.8

116.5

123.4

129.3

130.9

89.9

96.1

101.3

102.3 Public sector

79.1 25.2

26.0

26.6

27.3

28.0

28.6 Private sector

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Legal induced abortions: there has been a sharp reduction since Law n°. 194/78 made induced abortions legal in Italy. 1982 and 1983 has been the peak years, with a number of interventions exceeding 230,000 per year and an abortion rate of 16.7 and 16.4 respectively per 1,000 resident women aged 15 to 49. From that moment on, the number of induced abortions and the abortion rate progressively reduced until reaching 9 per 1,000 Body Mass Index (BMI): determined dividing the body weight in kilograms by the squared height in meters. A BMI under 18.5 is considered underweight, one of 18.5-24.99 is considered a healthy weight, one of 25-29.99 is overweight and one of 30 or more is obese

SMOKERS BY NUMBER OF DAILY CIGARETTES IN 2007 More than 20 Up to 5 7.0% 19.0% 43.0%

31.0%

11 to 20

6 to 10

% volume

14 HEALTH SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS BY SEX 1983-2007, per 100* persons aged 14 and over MALES Smokers Former-smokers Never smoked FEMALES Smokers Former-smokers Never smoked TOTAL Smokers Former-smokers Never smoked

1980

1983

1991

1995

2000

2007

54.3 9.9 35.7

45.6 13.5 40.9

37.8 21.0 41.2

33.9 27.4 37.4

31.5 26.5 38.4

28.2 30.0 39.6

16.7 1.4 81.9

17.7 2.3 80.0

17.8 16.4 75.9

17.2 13.1 68.5

17.2 13.4 66.2

16.5 15.5 65.9

34.9 5.5 59.6

31.1 7.7 61.2

27.4 13.4 59.2

25.3 20.0 53.5

24.1 19.8 52.8

22.1 22.5 53.2

* due to non-response, some totals do not add up to 100

LEGAL INDUCED ABORTIONS 1980-2005, per 1,000 resident women aged 15-49 14.8 15.3 11.5

1980

1985

1990

9.3

9.4

8.9

1995

2000

2005

PERSONS BY BODY MASS INDEX 2006, per 100 persons aged 18 and over 58.5

Males Females Total

52.0

45.1

43.8 35.0 26.8

0.7

4.8 Underweight

10.4

9.9

2.8 Healthy weight

Overweight

Obese

10.2

key points School system: divided into six levels ■ pre-school education ■ primary ■ lower secondary ■ upper secondary ■ post-secondary (non-university) ■ university

SCHOOLING RATE AT UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL 57.7 68.3 80.8 87.6 92.4 92.5

1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2000/01 2005/06 2006/07

Schooling rate at upper secondary school: ratio of upper secondary school enrolled students to population aged 14-18, per 100

EDUCATION 15 SCHOOLS, CLASSES, STUDENTS AND TEACHERS BY TYPE OF SCHOOL School-year 2006/2007 Pre-school education Schools 24,848 Classes* 73,161 Students 1,652,603 % of female students 48.1 % of public schools-enrolled 67.9 Foreign students per 1,000 enrolled 57.3 Students repeating course per 100 enrolled — Teachers 147,453 Students per teacher 11.2

Lower secondary 7,904 82,975 1,730,031 47.8 96.1 65.4 2.7 214,191 8.1

Primary 18,179 148,573 2,820,674 48.3 93.1 67.6 0.2 297,233 9.5

Upper secondary 6,594 134,159 2,729,010 49.0 95.0 37.7 6.3 315,897 8.6

* pre-school’s values refer to sections

HOUSEHOLDS AVERAGE EXPENDITURE FOR EDUCATIONAL SERVICES 2006, euro

322


351 295

319 240

265

235 196

184

214 152

124

65

School taxes

Fees and charges

Private lessons

83 52

65

School transport

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION AGED 6 AND OVER BY TITLE OF STUDY Censuses 1951-2001, % volumes Graduates 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001

1.0 1.3 1.8 2.8 4.2 7.1

Upper secondary diploma 3.3 4.3 6.9 11.5 18.2 26.2

Lower secondary licence 5.9 9.6 14.7 23.8 30.7 30.1

Primary school 30.6 42.3 44.3 40.6 32.6 25.4

Literates without Illiterates a title of study 46.3 34.2 27.1 18.2 12.2 9.7

12.9 8.3 5.2 3.1 2.1 1.5

The reform of the university system: as stated in Law n.127/97 and Law n.5094/99, academic courses are organised in two cycles according to the so called “3+2” formula. The first threeyear cycle leads to a 1st level degree; the second one, lasting two years, enables students to achieve a 2st level degree. The “unique” formula courses (5 or 6 years), equivalent to the old long-programme courses, are still in force for architecture, civil engineering, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary science and medicine; Law n. 270/2004 stated a unique formula also for law courses

UNIVERSITY GRADUATES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA IN 2006* 128,254 78,937 93,544 300,735


* the geographical area considered is the one where the university is located

16 EDUCATION NEW ENTRANTS AT UNIVERSITY Academic years 1995/1996 - 2005/2006, per 100 upper secondary school leavers in the previous school-year 68.4

67.9

66.0

64.5

70.0

65.2

72.8

77.7

77.8

76.8

74.3

72.5

1995/96 1996/97 1997/98 1998/99 1999/2000 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07

UNIVERSITY NEW ENTRANTS BY FIELD OF STUDY Academic year 2006/2007, absolute values

Mathematics and physical science Chemistry and Pharmacy Life and natural sciences Health Engineering Architecture Agriculture Business Political and social sciences Law Humanities Language Education Psychology Physical training Army Total

New 1st level programmes 9,944 5,575 17,204 21,759 32,853 11,369 5,827 43,095 36,219 6,185 24,403 17,369 12,095 9,256 5,022 409 258,584

Unique formula programmes* — 7,833 — 6,153 — 3,840 1,046 — — 27,481 — — — — — — 46,353

Old programmes — — — 1 2 — — — — 16 1 — 3,125 — — — 3,145

Total 9,944 13,408 17,204 27,913 32,855 15,209 6,873 43,095 36,219 33,682 24,404 17,369 15,220 9,256 5,022 409 308, 082

* for Law, data refer to “Laurea magistrale”

NEW ENROLMENTS AT UNIVERSITY AND GRADUATES* 46.4

34.5 40.3

GRADUATES**

Males 23.5

16.8 20.1

Females Total

NEW ENROLMENTS AT UNIVERSITY AND GRADUATES * Academic year 2006/07, per 100 persons aged 19-25, provisional data ** 2006, per 100 persons aged 25; the percentages are calculated on old programme degrees, uniques formula programmesdegrees and two-years specialistic programme degrees

key points Labour force survey: sample survey of employed, job-seekers and main labour market aggregates. Data are collected by interviewing 300,000 resident households per year. People permanently living abroad, in communities, religious institutes, barracks and similar are therefore not included in the survey. Starting from 2004, the survey is carried out on a continuous basis as data are collected in every week of the year, although the results are published every three months

EMPLOYED BY BRANCH AT CENSUS 1931 Agriculture

Services 22.4%

46.8% 30.8%

Labour force: employed and job-seekers

Industry

% volume

LABOUR MARKET 17 LABOUR FORCE BY WORKING STATUS, SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2007, thousands of people EMPLOYED North Centre South Italy JOB-SEEKERS North Centre South Italy LABOUR FORCE North Centre South Italy

Males

Females

Total

6,935 2,795 4,327 14,057

4,986 1,990 2,189 9,165

11,921 4,785 6,516 23,222

185 113 424 722

246 153 384 784

432 267 808 1,506

7,120 2,908 4,751 14,779

5,233 2,143 2,573 9,949

12,353 5,052 7,324 24,728

EMPLOYED BY BRANCH 1995-2007 % volumes Agriculture 6.0% Services 61.3%

Industry 32.7%

Agriculture 4.0%

Agriculture 5.3%

1995

Services 62.6%

Industry 32.1%

2000

Services 65.9%

Industry 30.2%

2007

EMPLOYED BY WEEKLY HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED AND BRANCH 2007, % volumes

Agriculture Industry Services Total

Absent from work 5.1 8.1 8.0 7.9

Up to 10 hours 2.5 0.9 2.7 2.1

11-30 hours 17.0 8.8 22.0 17.8

31 hours and up Value not (total) (of which: 40 hours) available 74.1 25.8 1.2 81.7 52.0 0.6 66.6 24.4 0.7 71.5 32.8 0.7

Employed: all individuals aged 15 and over which in the reference week: ■ have carried out at least 1 hour of paid work ■ have carried out at least 1 hour of non-paid work in a family relative’s company for which they usually work ■ are absent from work (e.i. for holidays or illness).

FIXED-TERM EMPLOYED ON TOTAL EMPLOYEES TOTAL EU25 Italy Germany Spain France AGED 15-24 EU25 Italy Germany Spain France

Job-seekers: all individuals aged 15-74 that: ■ have carried out at least 1 active action of job search during 30 days before the survey and are available to work in the 2 weeks after the interview ■ will begin to work in 3 months and are available to work in the 2 weeks after the interview

14.9 13.0 14.2 34.4 13.7 42.0 40.3 56.8 66.6 49.6

% values

18 LABOUR MARKET EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION, BRANCH AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2007, thousands of people AGRICULTURE Employees Self-employed Total INDUSTRY Employees Self-employed Total SERVICES Employees Self-employed Total TOTAL Employees Self-employed Total

Self-employed 46.0%

North

Centre

South

Italy

112 234 346

56 65 122

275 182 456

442 481 924

3,343 829 4,172

964 307 1,271

1,206 354 1,560

5,513 1,490 7,003

5,433 1,969 7,403

2,485 907 3,392

3,293 1,207 4,500

11,211 4,084 15,295

8,888 3,033 11,921

3,506 1,279 4,785

4,773 1,743 6,516

17,167 6,055 23,222

EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION

Self-employed 26.1%

Employees 73.9%

Employees 54.0% CENSUS 1931

Census 1931 and year 2007, % volumes

YEAR 2007

EMPLOYED BY OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT 2007, thousands of people TOTAL: 23,222 full time 20,059

part time 3,163

EMPLOYEES: 17,167 full time 14,746 SELF-EMPLOYED: 6,055 full time 5,313

part time 2,421 part time 742

key points Activity rate: ratio of persons part of the labour force to the correspondent reference population

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN 2007 TOTAL Males Females Total AGED 15-24 Males Females Total LONG TERM Males Females Total

Employment rate: ratio of employed to the correspondent reference population

4.9 7.9 6.1

Unemployment rate: ratio of job-seekers to labour force

18.2 23.3 20.3

Long-term unemployment rate: ratio of job-seekers for more than 12 months to labour force

2.2 3.8 2.8

LABOUR MARKET 19 ACTIVITY RATES BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA AND SEX 2007, % 78.3 59.7

76.0

69.1

65.8

55.8

74.4

68.4

62.5

52.4

50.7

Males Females Total

36.6

North

Centre

South

Italy

LABOUR FORCE INDICATORS BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2007, % values

SEX Males Females GEOGRAPHICAL AREA North Centre South Total

Activity rate (aged 15-64)

Employment rate (aged 15-64)

Unemployment rate

74.4 50.7

70.7 46.6

4.9 7.9

69.1 65.8 52.4 62.5

66.7 62.3 46.5 58.7

3.5 5.3 11.0 6.1

PARASUBORDINATE EMPLOYED BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA, BRANCH AND SEX 2007, % volumes South 22.5%

Services 84.7%

Industry 14.5% Centre 27.0%

North 50.5%

GEOGRAPHICAL AREA

Males 43.9% Females 56.1%

Agriculture 0.8% BRANCH

TOTAL NUMBER OF PARASUBORDINATE EMPLOYED: 392,000

SEX

Disability, old age, seniority and survivor annuities pensions (OADS): paid in presence of impaired working abilities; as a consequence of the carried out work when certain age limits are reached, or after payment of contributions for a given number of years; paid to survivors in case of death

Retirement rate: per cent ratio of number of pensions to resident population on 31 December of the year Relative benefit index: per cent ratio of average amount of pension to GDP per inhabitant

Injury pensions: indemnities by reason of an impairment or death (to survivors in this case) caused by an event occurred on the job Assistance pensions: paid to the sight and hearing impaired, to disabled persons and to low-income citizens over 65 years of age

20 PENSIONS PENSIONS 2006 OADS 18,520 201,765 10,894 13.68 31.32 43.66

Number (thousands) Total amount (millions of euro) Average yearly amount (euro) Expenditure/GDP Retirement rate Relative benefit index

Injury 991 4,245 4,282 0.29 1.68 17.16

Assistance 4,002 17,618 4,403 1.19 6.77 17.65

Total 23,513 223,629 9,511 15.16 39.76 38.12

TOTAL EXPENDITURE FOR PENSIONS 1980-2006, % of GDP 14.68

14.92

15.10 15.16

13.34 12.45 11.08

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005 2006

PENSIONERS AND AVERAGE YEARLY GROSS PENSION EARNINGS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2005 and 2006

North Centre South Italy*

number (thousands) 7,810,449 3,230,696 5,009,201 16,050,346

2005 average earning (euro) 14,006 14,147 11,632 13,293

number 7,864,921 3,254,601 5,042,016 16,161,538

* total does not include the pensioners which live abroad and some few cases for which it is not possible to identify the residence

2006 average earning (euro) 14,465 14,639 12,036 13,742

key points Gross Domestic Product (GDP): final result of the production activity of resident producer units. GDP at market prices is the sum of gross value added of all resident producers at basic prices plus taxes and less subsidies on products

CONTRIBUTION FROM TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS TO ECONOMY IN 2006 GDP North-west North-east Centre South FEU North-west North-east Centre South

Value added at basic prices: difference between total production and intermediate consumption used in production

31.8 22.6 21.6 24.0

Full-time equivalent unit (FEU): these are calculated by converting into full-time units all work positions each person performed during the reference period

29.4 22.1 20.9 27.5

% volumes

ECONOMY 21 RESOURCES AND USES ACCOUNT 2004-2007, millions of euro 2004 2005 CURRENT PRICES GDP at market prices 1,391,530 1,428,375 Imports of goods and services (Fob) 342,791 371,908 Total resources 1,734,321 1,800,283 Final consumption 1,092,052 1,132,924 Gross fixed capital formation 285,468 295,889 Changes of inventories 1,641 -1,293 Valuables 2,310 1,928 Exports of goods and services (Fob) 352,850 370,836 Total uses 1,734,321 1,800,283 CHAINED VOLUMES (IN MONETARY TERMS) WITH REFERENCE TO YEAR 2000 GDP at market prices 1,236,671 1,243,525 Imports of goods and services (Fob) 334,493 341,698 Total resources 1,570,405 1,584,074 Final consumption 976,649 988,237 Gross fixed capital formation 260,444 262,219 Changes of inventories — — Valuables 1,889 1,488 Exports of goods and services (Fob) 330,083 333,470 Total uses 1,570,405 1,584,074

2006

2007

1,479,981 424,165 1,904,146 1,173,497 311,158 5,560 2,040 411,891 1,904,146

1,535,540 452,996 1,988,537 1.210.281 323,281 4,485 2,199 448,291 1,988,537

1,266,420 362,021 1,626,677 998,571 268,686 — 1,245 354,270 1,626,677

1,284,868 378,003 1,661,092 1,012,505 272,005 — 1,205 372,081 1,661,092

VALUE ADDED AT BASIC PRICES BY INDUSTRY 1970-2007, % volumes Agriculture, forestry and fishing 8.8%

Services 51.9%

Industry (excl. Construction) 30.0%

Services 70.9%

Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2.0% Industry (excl. Construction) 20.8% Construction 6.3%

Construction 9.3% 1970

Value added *

*millions of euro at current prices

32,156

2007

Value added *

1,371,833

General Government: includes institutional bodies involved mainly in the production of non-market services to the community and in the distribution of public income and wealth. Compulsory payments made by bodies belonging to other sectors are the General Government's main resources

Primary balance: net borrowing minus debtor interests paid Government debt: the amount of General Government liabilities (EU definition). The calculations shown are made to the methodological criteria provided by European Council Regulation no. 3605/93

Net borrowing (or deficit): income statement balance showing the total expenditure and receipts of the General Government. It is the sum of current balance plus capital account balance

22 ECONOMY GOVERNMENT DEBT 1997-2007, % of GDP 118.1 106.5

105.8

104.0

103.8

1997

2005

2004

2006

2007

NON FINANCIAL CONSOLIDATED ACCOUNT OF GENERAL GOVERNMENT 2004-2007, millions of euro at current prices EXPENDITURE Final consumption expenditure Social benefits in money Other current expenditure Interests Total current expenditure Gross fixed capital formation Investments grants Other capital account expenditure Total expenditure RECEIPTS Taxes Social security contributions Other current receipts Total current receipts Capital taxes Other capital receipts Total capital receipts Total receipts CURRENT BALANCE NET BORROWING PRIMARY BALANCE

2004

2005

2006

2007

276,238 234,701 36,112 65,509 612,560 33,426 21,553 54,979 667,539

290,818 242,346 35,735 64,700 633,599 33,711 24,666 58,377 691,976

299,074 252,119 36,029 68,244 655,466 34,792 39,216 74,008 729,474

303,950 265,284 38,972 76,726 684,932 36,134 32,359 68,493 753,425

380,833 175,968 50,246 607,047 8,374 3,806 12,180 619,227 -5,513 -48,312 17,197

392,551 183,445 49,600 625,596 1,871 4,081 5,952 631,548 -8,003 -60,428 4,272

433,489 189,683 52,194 675,366 225 4,249 4,474 679,840 19,900 -49,634 18,610

459,588 204,772 55,272 719,632 300 4,314 4,614 724,246 34,700 -29,179 47,547

6.6 1.2

-3.6 -2.7

-3.5

0.3 -4.2

-11.5 1987

1997

2004

2005

1.3

PRIMARY BALANCE 3.1

1987-2007, % of GDP

-1.9 -3.4 NET BORROWING 2006

GOVERNMENT FINANCE BALANCES

2007

key points Euro Countries: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA IN PURCHASING POWER STANDARDS (EU27=100) EU 27 Euro countries Austria Belgium Finland France Germany Grecee Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Slovenia Spain Bulgaria

100.0 110.3 127.7 120.0 117.1 111.1 114.3 97.4 145.7 103.6 279.6 130.8 74.6 88.0 105.1 36.7

Cyprus Denmark Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Malta Poland Czech Republic Romania* Slovakia Sweden United Kingdom

92.1 126.0 68.5 65.0 54.2 56.2 77.0 52.5 78.7 38.9 63.8 124.8 118.1

European Union Countries: European Union is constituted by 27 Countries : the 13 Euro Countries plus Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Czech Republic, Romania, Slovakia, Sweden, United Kingdom Purchasing Power Standards: is an indicator that eliminates the differences in price levels between countries allowing volume companrisons of GDP

*provisional data

ECONOMY 23 SOME INDICATORS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 2006, % Government deficit/GDP Government debt/GDP

Austria Belgium Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Slovenia Spain Bulgaria Cyprus Denmark Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Malta Poland Czech Republic Romania Slovakia Sweden United Kingdom EURO13 EU27

-1.1 0.2 3.9 -2.5 -1.7 -2.6 2.9 -3.4* 0.1 0.6 -3.9 -1.4 1.8 3.3 -1.5 4.2 3.8 -9.2 0.4 -0.3 -2.6 -3.9 -2.9 -1.9 -3.4 2.2 -2.8 -1.6 -1.7

62.2 89.1 39.1 63.9 67.9 104.6 24.9 106.5* 6.8 48.7 64.7 27.8 39.9 22.8 65.3 30.2 4.1 66.0 10.0 18.2 66.5 47.8 30.4 12.4 30.7 46.9 43.5 69.0 61.7

Inflation rate 1.7 2.3 1.3 1.9 1.8 3.3 2.7 2.2 3.0 1.7 3.0 2.5 3.6 7.4 2.2 1.9 4.4 4.0 6.6 3.8 2.6 1.3 2.1 6.6 4.3 1.5 2.3 2.2 2.3

Employment rate 70.2 61.0 69.3 63.8 67.5 61.0 68.6 58.4 63.6 74.3 67.9 66.6 64.8 58.6 69.6 77.4 68.1 57.3 66.3 63.6 54.8 54.5 65.3 58.8 59.4 73.1 71.5 64.8 64.5

Source: Eurostat, European Commission * Italian data are update to 2008 National Economic Accounts Version

FISCAL DRAG IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 2002-2006, % of GDP 46 44

France Italy*

42

EURO 13

40 Germany 38 Greece Great Britain 36 34 Spain 2002

2003

2004

Source: Eurostat, European Commission * Italian data are update to 2008 National Economic Accounts

2005

2006

Output prices index: refers to changes in time of prices applied by industrial enterprises, excluding construction companies. The index with basis 2000=100 is calculated by monitoring the prices of a basket of industrial products (1,102 items) by a sample of 3,600 companies Consumer prices index: measures the changes in the price of a basket of goods and services in time. Istat adopts three consumer price indices: ■ total Italian community consumer price index (NIC), which covers the consumption of the entire present population

■ index of households of wage and salary

earners (CPI), which covers the consumption of households having an employee as a reference person ■ harmonised consumer prices index (HICP), which refers to the general community of households present but the survey is restricted to the consumption of goods and services with comparable prices in the various EU countries

24 PRICES PRICE INDICES 2007, trend % changes OUTPUT PRICE

CONSUMER PRICE 5.1

3.4

2.5

2.1

GENERAL INDEX

Consumer goods

Capital goods

3.3

Intermediate goods

Energy

1.8

1.7

2.0

NIC*

CPI**

HICP

* including tobaccos; ** excluding tobaccos

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (NIC) BY ITEM OF EXPENDITURE 2003-2007, trend % changes 2003 3.1 6.9 3.0 3.3 2.1 0.3 2.5 -1.7 1.5 2.8 3.9 3.6 2.7 2.6

Food and soft beverages Alcoholic beverages and tobacco products Clothing and footwear Housing, water, electricity and fuel Furniture. household items and services Healthcare services and expenditure Transport Communications Leisure, culture and entertainment Education Hotels and restaurants Other goods and services General index General index less tobacco products

2004 2.2 8.0 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.2 3.1 -6.4 1.7 2.3 3.2 2.8 2.2 2.1

2005 0.0 6.9 1.6 4.9 1.7 -0.9 4.5 -4.6 0.9 3.5 2.4 2.8 1.9 1.8

2006 1.7 4.9 1.3 5.7 1.5 -0.2 3.0 -3.5 1.0 2.7 2.3 2.7 2.1 2.1

2007 2.9 3.4 1.4 2.6 2.4 -0.3 2.2 -8.4 1.1 2.2 2.7 2.3 1.8 1.9

VALUE OF THE MONEY 1927-2007, basis 2007= 1.00 1,675.2331 1,431.6080

1927

1937

34.0059

24.3583

17.0011

6.5918

1947

1957

1967

1977

1.9752 1987

1.2299 1997

1.0000 2007

key points Foreign trade: foreign trade statistics are obtained from two surveys that cover Italian trade with EU countries and with other countries respectively. The survey on trade with EU countries, defined according to the Intrastat system (introduced in January 1993) is implemented on a monthly basis. Reports are submitted directly to the customs offices concerned by territory. The survey on trade with non-EU countries takes into account customs entries (single administrative document), on a monthly basis

EXTERNAL TRADE IN 2007* NON EU COUNTRIES Exports Imports EU COUNTRIES Exports Imports

143,230 158,423 215,403 209,658

millions of euro * provisional data

Standardized balance: ratio between the current balance and the sum of imports and exports. Its value varies between -100 (only importing country) and +100 (only exporting country) and is null (void) when the trade balance is in draw

FOREIGN TRADE 25 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS BY BRANCH 2006-2007, millions of euro 2006 imports 9,946 55,071 22,234 17,355 7,514 4,074 7,036 6,875 45,138 6,994 3,407 43,492 23,703 40,594 43,396 5,734 2,178 7,723 352,465

Agriculture and fishing Energy-producing minerals Food, beverages and tobacco Textiles and clothing Leather and leather products Wood and wood products Paper and paper products, printing and publishing Refined oil products Chemicals and man-made fibres Rubber and plastics Non-metal mineral ore products Metals and metal products Machinery and mechanical equipment Electric and precision instruments Transportation means Other manufactured products Electricity, gas and water Other products Total

2007*

exports 4,408 1,090 17,876 27,440 13,883 1,506 6,696 11,283 32,708 12,167 9,543 37,888 66,963 29,942 35,579 16,297 155 6,588 332,013

imports 10,149 54,282 22,939 17,569 7,646 4,243 7,405 6,808 47,162 7,450 3,635 49,374 26,932 39,467 47,105 6,244 2,054 7,618 368,080

exports 4,848 1,295 18,861 27,791 14,102 1,656 6,947 12,891 34,026 12,901 9,773 42,881 74,581 31,065 40,824 16,919 99 7,171 358,633

* provisional data

STANDARDIZED BALANCES

-5.8

-6.1 -8.2 -10.7

-12.2

-13.5

-20.1 -21.7 * provisional data

-7.1

2007*

2006

0,3 -0.2

-3.4

-4.0

2005

1.5

2004

1.7

2003

2002

4.8 3.2

2001

1996-00

1991-95

1986-90

1981-85

1976-80

1971-75

1966-70

1961-65

1956-60

1951-55

1947-50

1936-40

1931-35

1931-2007

-1.3

-1.5 -3.0

Farm survey: as stated in Council Regulation (EC) no. 2139/04, in 2005 Istat made a sample survey on number and structure of farms in Italy. To compare data in European Union countries, the survey’s observation field refer to the EU universe, made up of all the farms with at least one hectar of used surface or with a minimum of sold production

WORKDAYS IN FARMS BY LABOUR TYPE IN 2005 135,927,802 Farmer Spouse 39,270,959 Farmer’s household 28,631,437 members Farmer’s relatives 9,212,052 Employed with open-term 20,605,993 contract Employed fixed-term 37,809,241 contract 271,457,484 Total

Farm Holidays: agricultural farms offering hospitality, by previous municipal authorization. They have modified their own firm structures to carry on the activities of accommodation, catering and testing

26 AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS AND UTILISED AGRICULTURAL AREA BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2000 and 2005 Agricultural holdings 2000 580,116 375,916 1,197,692 2,153,724


Citrus and fruit trees Sugar beet

2000 4,856,018 2,424,277 5,781,961 13,062,256

2005 4,578,414 2,329,479 5,799,953 12,707,846

AREA USED BY MAIN CROPS GROWN

636 253

Olive trees Vegetables

Utilised agricultural area (hectares)

2005 453,935 281,784 992,809 1,728,528

2006, thousands of hectares

1,169 503

Rotation forage

2,061

Wheat

2,123

Maize

1,113

AUTHORIZED FARM HOLIDAYS BY ACTIVITY* AND GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2006 North-west North-east Centre South Islands Total

Accommodation 1,399 4,122 5,626 1,871 836 13,854

Catering 1,507 2,146 1,804 1,550 891 7,898

Tasting 239 490 1,480 400 55 2,664

Other Activities* 1,054 2,808 3,915 1,344 522 9,643

* a farm may be authorized to carry on one or more activities ** there are included the activities of riding, hiking, nature explorations, trekking, mountain bike, courses, sport, etc.

Total 2,162 5,507 5,877 2,186 1,033 16,765

key points HARVEST OF TABLE GRAPES IN 2006 27 258 14,774 15,059

North Centre South Italy thousands of quintals

Harvest and use of grapes: 68.2 millions of quintals of wine grapes (-1.0% over 2005) and 15.0 millions of quintals of table grapes (-9.4%) were harvested in 2005. The production of wine and must was of 50.6 millions of hectolitres; 53.3% of the produced wine was white, 49.6% red and rosé The Italian wines D.O.C. (Certification of Controlled Origin) or D.O.C.G.(Certification of Controlled and Guaranteed Origin) produced equal 31.5%, the wines I.G.T. (Typical Geographical Indication) 26.8% and the table wines 41.7%

AGRICULTURE 27 HARVEST OF MAIN CROPS 2006, thousands of quintals


Wheat

Maize

Tomato

25,759 15,818 30,240 71,817

87,484 5,897 2,882 96,263

21308 5,086 37,262 63,656

m o n te 4,520 ' A o s t a 27 b a r d ia 1,593 o - A .A . 1,637 V e n e to F r i u l i - V .G . 1,503 L i g u r i a 144 E m ilia - R . T o s ca n a 4,132 U m b r ia 1,582 M a rch e 1,544 L a z io 3,103 A b ru zzo 4,198 M o lis e 511 C a m p a n ia 2,904 P u g lia B a s ilic a ta 386 C a la b r ia 676 S ic ilia S a rd e g n a 1,301

Sugar beet 33,935 7,167 6,594 47,696

Olive trees 418 4,119 29,619 34,156

Citrus and fruit trees 40,318 4,182 52,946 97,446

HARVEST OF WINE GRAPES

P ie V a lle d L o m T r e n tin

2006, thousands of quintals 9,803

8,952

10,443

9,269

HARVEST AND PRODUCTION OF MAIN WOODEN CROPS 1926 and 2006 1926 2006

66,014

68,208 40,940

34,156*

13,507 Harvest of olive trees thousand of quintals

2,371

49,633**

6,033

Olive oil production thousand of quintals

Harvest of wine grapes thousand of quintals

* included olive for direct consumption ** included wines obtaneid from wine-making of table grapes

Wine production thousands of hectolitres

Enterprises: organisations carrying out economic activities at a professional level for the production of market goods or services Workers: employees (full time, part-time o under training and employment contracts) and self-employed working for enterprises Cost of labour: includes all the items that make up the gross remuneration of the employed staff (managers, directors, employees, blue-collar workers, salespersons, trainees and home workers): basic wage, cost-of-living allowance, overtime, holypadays pays, and severance pay shares Manufacturing activities: include food indus-

try, textile and clothing industry, leather industry, wood industry, print and publishing industry, rubber and plastics industry, manufacturing of electric machinery and electric and optical equipment, oil industry, chemical industry, non-metalliferous and metalliferous ore processing industry, mechanical industry and transportation industry Value added: represents the increase in the value that the company activity brings into the value of the goods and services receveid from other enterprises through its ownaccount productive factors (work, capital and business activity). Such aggregate is obtained subtracting the sum of the costs fromn the total of the proceeds

28 INDUSTRY AND SERVICES INDUSTRY AND SERVICES ENTERPRISES BY SIZE AND BRANCH 2005 Industry (excluding Construction) Mining and quarrying Manufacturing activities Production and supply of electricity, water and gas Construction Services Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Real estate, information technologies, research, professional activities Education Health and other social services Other public, social and personal services Total

1-19 workers 488,711 3,140 483,318 2,253 576,525 3,158,403 1,244,185 263,273 153,800 1,022,366 17,148 222,397 235,234 4,223,639

20 workers and over 36,736 341 36,005 390 7,924 34,070 10,927 3,579 5,106 8,556 554 2,900 2,448 78,730

Total 525,447 3,481 519,323 2,643 584,449 3,192,473 1,255,112 266,852 158,906 1,030,922 17,702 225,297 237,682 4,302,369

MAIN ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF ENTERPRISES BY BRANCH AND SIZE 2005, thousands of euro 38.1 23.3

22.3

35.0

32.1

33.7

26.3

28.1

22.4 COST OF LABOUR PER EMPLOYEE

1-19 workers

20 workers and over

Industry (excluding Construction) Construction Services

Total

62.2 46.2

30.1

28.6

46.9

49.3 32.0

28.4

VALUE ADDED PER WORKER 1-19 workers

20 workers and over

Total

34.9

key points ENTERPRISES WITH AT LEAST 10 WORKERS THAT USE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN 2007 Personal computer* 96.6 E-mail** 96.4 Internet** 97.6 Intranet** 32.4 Extranet** 13.7 Web site**

Information and Communication Technologies: are used in treating and elaborating information or in communicating, included transmission and visualization of data. They are also utilized to make products that use electronic processes Intranet: local net, typical of a firm, that uses Internet technologies and functions (TPC/IP protocol, e-mail, transfer of file, etc.) Extranet: external extension of the local firm net (toward suppliers, customers) Broad band: is referred to the used technology: xDSL, optical fibre and other fixed connections to Internet

59.0 Broadband** 78.4

* % of total enterprises ** % of total enterprises that use information technologies

INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 29 EMPLOYMENT IN ENTERPRISES BY SIZE AND BRANCH 2005 Industry (excluding Construction) Mining and quarrying Manufacturing activities Production and supply of electricity, water and gas Construction Services Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transport, storage and communications Real estate, information technologies, research, professional activities Education Health and other social services Other public, social and personal services Total

1-19 workers 1,917,821 17,230 1,893,208 7,383 1,455,054 6,307,986 2,550,224 825,471 388,654 1,684,347 47,360 350,563 461,367 9,680,861

20 workers and over Total 2,852,822 4,770,643 25,201 42,431 2,717,137 4,610,345 110,484 117,867 354,780 1,809,834 3,440,961 9,748,947 840,863 3,391,087 257,184 1,082,655 831,709 1,220,363 1,027,771 2,712,118 23,240 70,600 256,975 607,538 203,219 664,586 6,648,563 16,329,424

1-19 workers 57,765 946 55,181 1,637 41,554 179,246 71,478 12,123 11,794 61,371 957 13,776 7,747 278,565

20 workers and over 177,470 6,465 153,725 17,280 16,399 161,422 37,305 6,861 59,714 38,313 454 7,702 11,073 355,291

VALUE ADDED OF THE ENTERPRISES BY SIZE AND BRANCH 2005, millions of euro Industry (excluding Construction) Mining and quarrying Manufacturing activities Production and supply of electricity, water and gas Construction Services Wholesale and retail trade Hotels and restaurants Transports Real estate, information technologies, professional activities Education Health and other social services Other public, social and personal services Total

Total 235,235 7,411 208,907 18,917 57,953 340,668 108,783 18,984 71,508 99,684 1,411 21,479 18,820 633,856

Accomodation establishments: include hotels, campings, resorts, rural tourism facilities, youth hostels, rooms and flats for rent, holiday homes, alpine huts, bed and breakfast and other establishments (rural residences and centres for study stays)

HOUSEHOLD AVERAGE EXPENDITURE FOR TRAVELS IN 2006 ITALY All included Full Board Overnight stay ABROAD All included Full Board Overnight stay

Arrivals: number of guests spending at least one night in the accommodation establishments Presences: number of nights spent by guests in accommodation establishments Average length of stay: ratio of number of nights spent to number of guests arrived

euro

30 TOURISM ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2006 North 21,089 1,098 61,199 4,968 164 980 793 1,467 4,764 96,522

Hotels Campings & resorts Rooms and flats for rent Rural tourism facilities Youth hostels Holiday homes Alpine huts Other establishment Bed & breakfast Total

Centre 6,360 533 5,151 6,096 156 596 55 121 3,450 22,518

South 6,319 875 2,026 1,810 66 167 26 27 4,351 15,667

Italy 33,768 2,506 68,376 12,874 386 1,743 874 1,615 12,565 134,707

GUESTS OF ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS BY GEOGRAPHICAL AREA 2006, thousands ITALIANS Arrivals Presences Average stay (days) FOREIGNERS Arrivals Presences Average stay (days)

North

Centre

South

Italy

26,893 110,060 4,09

12,813 48,488 3,78

12,145 51,355 4,23

51,851 209,903 4,05

22,600 91,746 4.06

13,519 43,807 3.24

5,075 21,308 4.20

41,194 156,861 3.81

PRESENCES BY TYPE OF LOCATION 2006, % volumes ITALIANS

Others 22.4%

FOREIGNERS

Art towns 18.5% Mountain 14.1%

Hot springs 4.1%

Lakeside 3.1% Seaside 37.8%

Others 16.1%

Art towns 33.8%

Hot springs 3.4% Seaside 24.2%

Mountain 11.2% Lakeside 11.3%

432 755 535 1,133 1,185 528

key points Holidays: travels made by Italians in the reference period for holiday, leisure, recreation, visiting relatives and friends, religious purpose and health treatment

TRAVELS BY TOURIST CHARACTERISTICS IN 2006 SEX Males Females AGE GROUP Up to 14 15 to 24 25 to 44 45 to 64 65 and over RESIDENCE AREA North Centre South

49.0 51.0

Holiday travels and destinations: the most visited Italian region was Toscana (the destination of 10.7 out of every 100 travels to Italy). Travels of Italians to foreign countries concentrated mainly on France (17.5 travels out of every 100 travels abroad. Egypt and Maghreb Countries (Tunisie, Maroc and Algeria) (3 out of every 100 travels abroad) are the most visited non European Countries

16.9 10.7 37.3 26.1 9.0 54.6 21.2 24.2

% volumes

TOURISM 31 HOLIDAYS BY QUARTER AND LENGHT 2006

THOUSANDS 1-3 nights 4 or more nights Total % VOLUMES 1-3 nights 4 or more nights Total

JanuaryMarch

AprilJune

JulySeptember

OctoberDecember

11,333 6,774 18,107

10,860 7,887 18,747

11,806 30,617 42,423

9,663 4,950 14,613

43,662 50,228 93,890

26.0 13.5 19.3

24.9 15.7 20.0

27.0 60.9 45.1

22.1 9.9 15.6

100.0 100.0 100.0

Total

HOLIDAYS BY MAIN DESTINATION 2006, % volumes 1-3 nights 92.0 48.2 23.4 20.4 8.0 6.6 1.3 0.1 100.0

Italy North Centre South Abroad EU countries Other European countries Rest of the world Total

4 nights or more 76.5 31.9 14.6 30.0 23.5 15.2 3.3 5.0 100.0

Total 83.7 39.4 18.7 25.6 16.3 11.3 2.3 2.7 100.0

HOLIDAY TRAVELS BY CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS 2006, % volumes RESERVATION Direct 36.0% None 51.1%

Through agency 12.9%

MODE OF TRANSPORT Others 3.1% Plane 11.7% Coach Train 5.2% 8.3% Ship 3.9%

ACCOMMODATION Others 11.5%

Hotel 32.5%

Rented home 8.1% Car 67.8%

Private 47.9%

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By the Communication Office Editorial Coordination Anna Maria Tononi Graphic design Sofia Barletta Typesetting Bruna Tabanella Printing Csr - Roma

www.istat.it This easy-to-read leaflet portrays Italy to let people know more about its identity and transformations. Divided into 16 themes, it synthetically describes the main economic, demographic, social and territorial aspects as well as some basic behaviours and uses of its population. Thanks to its details, glossaries and brief methodological notes, everybody can make good use of the informative wealth. Distributed to the media, opinion leaders, international institutions, you may freely obtain a copy at the statistical information centre of your Italian region or request a copy to the Communication Office of Istat. Alternatively, you may download its complete version or browse each charter from the website homepage www.istat.it.

2008

POPULATION TERRITORY ENVIRONMENT LIVING STANDARDS CULTURE JUSTICE HEALTH EDUCATION LABOUR MARKET PENSIONS ECONOMY PRICES FOREIGN TRADE AGRICULTURE INDUSTRY AND SERVICES TOURISM

Italy in figures