Authority. Safeguarding. Referrals. NGO Referrals for NRM or services. Signposting for services or support. 0 ..... 2. 0
January - March 2017 579 Calls into the Helpline 112 Online Reports 511 Cases
– 08000 121 700
– www.modernslaveryhelpline.org
207 Cases of Modern Slavery
759 Potential Victims of Modern Slavery Indicated Types of Cases 207 Modern Slavery Cases, 41%
Modern Slavery Cases (one or more indicators of modern slavery identified)
132 Non-Modern Slavery Cases, 26%
Non-Modern Slavery Cases (other crimes, vulnerabilities, needs, risks)
101 General Information Cases, 20%
General Information Cases (media, info about helpline, general Qs about MS in the UK) Non-Substantive Cases (wrong number, hang ups, inaudible connection)
71 Non-Substantive Cases, 14% 0
50
100
150
200
250
Indicators of modern slavery reported to the Helpline include, but are not limited to, passport confiscation, little or no pay, debt bondage, isolation, monitoring, physical abuse, and demeaning/dehumanising treatment. Many of the general information cases relate to requests for Helpline materials and media interviews. A significant proportion of non-modern slavery cases handled by the Helpline relate to potential labour abuse, payment issues or employment contract concerns. Modern slavery cases reported to the Helpline may be from various locations across the UK or abroad, and may not be city or town specific. During calls, Helpline Advisers pose a series of questions to best identify the type(s) of modern slavery being indicated. Each case is reviewed by a supervisor and/or manager to ensure that the classification of the exploitation is appropriate, based on the information provided by the caller. These categories correspond with the offences in the Modern Slavery Act 2015 and the National Crime Agency’s published National Referral Mechanism statistics. Instances of domestic servitude may either be classified as human trafficking for non-sexual exploitation or slavery/servitude. Cases involving more than one form of modern slavery are recorded as ‘various’. Cases recorded as ‘unknown’ may result from a technical assistance call with a professional dealing with a victim where the specific details of the exploitation type are not disclosed on the call.
Types of Modern Slavery Unknown, 33 Cases, 16% Various Forms, 4 Cases, 2%
Forced Labour, 78 Cases, 38%
Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation, 33 Cases, 16%
Human Trafficking for NonSexual Exploitation, 44 Cases, 21%
Slavery/Servitude, 15 Cases, 7%
Unseen • Registered charity number 1127620 • Registered company number 06754171
759 Potential Victims of Modern Slavery Indicated
391 Referrals and Signposts 189
200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
500
160
452
450 400 350 300 250
32
200
200
10
150
Law Local NGO Referrals Signposting Enforcement Authority for NRM or for services or Referrals Safeguarding services support Referrals
The number of referrals and signposts include those made on non-MS Cases. Referrals may be made for other crimes indicated or non-MS related safeguarding concerns. Cases may have more than one referral or signpost made. Additional referrals may be made as new information is obtained on a case. Conversely, no referral may be made on a case, where that is appropriate.
100
107
50 0 January
February
March
Callers may provide approximate victim numbers when reporting a situation. The helpline records the lowest number provided to avoid inflating figures relating to potential victims.
Gender of Potential Victims of Modern Slavery 84 Unknown individuals, 11% 302 Males, 40%
Proximity of Caller to the Victim(s) in Modern Slavery Cases 373 Females, 49% Victim Self-Report, 25 Cases, 12% Direct Contact, 99 Cases, 48%
The gender of potential victims is recorded by the helpline where this is provided by the caller. If the caller is unable to specify the gender of indicated victims, ‘unknown’ is recorded.
Indirect Conctact, 17 Cases, 8%
Age of Potential Victims of Modern Slavery
Observation of Suspicious Activity, 59 Cases, 29% Unknown Proximity, 7 Cases, 3% 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
In the majority of cases recorded as modern slavery, either the victim themselves called the Helpline or someone who has direct contact with the potential victim called. Callers who are in direct contact with a victim may include an NGO, friends or family of the potential victim, health professionals, police, or local authority personnel such as social services. Indirect contact is recorded where the caller knows of the situation or the individual involved but has not had direct contact with the potential victim themselves. This may be where the caller has been told of a situation that involves a friend of a friend. Observation of suspicious activity refers to third-party tip offs where the information provided by the caller is often very limited.
305 Unknown individuals, 40%
411 Adults, 54%
43 Minors, 6%
Potential victims’ ages are recorded based on caller information. If the caller does not know the age of the victim, ‘unknown’ is recorded. In all cases, the Helpline seeks to establish if a minor is involved in a situation.
Unseen • Registered charity number 1127620 • Registered company number 06754171
England 442 Calls relating to cases in England 83 Online Reports relating to cases in England 177 Cases of Modern Slavery 696 Potential Victims of Modern Slavery Indicated Types of Modern Slavery
The helpline may receive multiple calls about one case. For example, a case may start with an online report and then subsequent calls about that case could be made into the helpline. Calls are recorded as relating to cases of modern slavery in England if exploitation reportedly occurs in England, but the caller may be calling from another country. The caller may also talk in general terms about cases in England but may not specify a particular town, city or county.
Unknown, 24 Cases, 14% Various Forms, 2 Cases, 1%
Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation, 29 Cases, 16%
Forced Labour, 69 Cases, 39%
Human Trafficking for NonSexual Exploitation, 40 Cases, 23%
Slavery/Servitude, 13 Cases, 7%
Potential Victim Nationalities Thailand Romania Poland England Vietnam Albania India Hungary Italy Belgium Bulgaria China Philippines Bostwana Pakistan Mauritius Slovakia Nigeria Iran Iraq Canada DRC Lithuania Malawi Bangladesh Pakistan
23 18 12 10 7 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 0
131
36
Although potential victims recorded for Thailand and Romania are significantly higher than other nationalities, the majority are recorded from a few specific cases.
200
If a caller indicates a potential victim is Eastern European, the Helpline will record the nationality as unknown. The nationality of 192 potential victims is unknown for England. Single victims with the following nationalities were reported: Afghanistan, Argentina, Brazil, Croatia, Czech Republic, Eritrea, Ghana, Grenada, Lebanon, Portugal, Senegal, Tanzania and the USA. 50
100
150
200
250
Unseen • Registered charity number 1127620 • Registered company number 06754171
Locations of Exploitation in England Type of Exploitation
HT Non-Sexual Exploitation
Unknown
Male
Female
Unknown
Male
Female
Unknown
Male
Female
Unknown
Police
Local Authority
16
0
5
4
3
3
1
80
50
9
5
0
2
4
10
0
0
5
1
4
1
0
0
3
0
0
17
15
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
18
10
2
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
6
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
2
0
3
0
0
11
4
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
3
2 1
0 0
2 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
4 1
3 0
1 1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1
3
0
2
1
0
0
0
203
3
0
0
0
0
0
0 200 0
3
1
10
1
4
2
2
0
1
19
10
7
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
10
1
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
7
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
1
7
0
4
2
1
0
0
18
10
2
0
0
2
0
1
0
3
5
4
0
3
1
0
0
0
15
6
1
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
3
5
0
4
0
0
1
0
11
5
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
6
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
5
0
3
0
1
1
0
13
8
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
45
4
7
11
14
9
0
78
24 44
0
2
2
1
0
1
4
25
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
Various
HT Sexual Exploitation
Durham Police Essex Police Greater Manchester Police Hampshire Police Hertfordshire Police Humberside Police Kent Police Lancashire Police Leicestershire Police Lincolnshire Police Merseyside Police Metropolitan Police Norfolk Police North Yorkshire Police
Forced Labour
Avon and Somerset Police Bedfordshire Police Cambridgeshire Police Cheshire Police Cleveland Police Cumbria Police Devon and Cornwall Police Dorset Police
Total # of Victims
Minors
Total # of Modern Slavery Referrals
Slavery/ Servitude
Total # of Modern Slavery Cases
Adults
Unknown Age
Unseen • Registered charity number 1127620 • Registered company number 06754171
2
1
Male
Female
Unknown
Male
Female
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0 0
4
0
1
1
2
0
0
27
1
17
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
8
1
1
0
5
1
4
0
1
1
2
0
0
17
4
3
4
0
3
0
0
2
0
1
0
3
0
3
0
4 8
0 1
2 5
0 0
1 0
1 2
0 0
5 22
2 13
1 5
1 0
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
4
1
0
11
1
2
1
5
2
0
73
39
6
3
0
2
1
0
0
8
4 5
0 1
2 3
0 1
2
0
0
12 7
180
13
69
29
43
24
2
699
0
0
3
0
0
8
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
6
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 2
1 0
0 0
0 2
2 6
2
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0 3
3
24
7
1
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
2
1 1
0 4
0 2
1
0
0
0
0
10
2
1
227 124 14 10 17
8
29 209 61
112
18
Male
Police
Various
2
Unknown
Unknown
0
Total # of Modern Slavery Referrals
Female
HT Non-Sexual Exploitation
3
Unknown
HT Sexual Exploitation
Total
Forced Labour
Northamptonshire Police Northumbria Police Nottinghamshire Police South Yorkshire Police Surrey Police Sussex Police Thames Valley Police West Mercia Police West Midlands Police West Yorkshire Police Wiltshire Police Unknown
Total # of Victims
Minors
Slavery/ Servitude
Total # of Modern Slavery Cases
Adults
Unknown Age
Local Authority
Type of Exploitation
The number of potential victims and modern slavery cases recorded by force area may be higher than the total number of victims and cases indicated for England. This is because a victim may report having been exploited in more than one force area or location. For more information on data regarding referrals and case locations, please see the Frequently Asked Questions at https://www.modernslaveryhelpline.org.
Unseen • Registered charity number 1127620 • Registered company number 06754171
Scotland 18 Calls relating to cases in Scotland 1 Online Report relating to a case in Scotland 7 Cases of Modern Slavery 15 Potential Victims of Modern Slavery Indicated Types of Modern Slavery
Potential Victim Nationalities Romania
Unknown, 1 Case, 14%
6
Northern Ireland
Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation, 2 Cases, 29%
3
United States of America
1
Argentina
1
Forced Labour, 1 Case, 14%
Unknown
Slavery/Servitude, 2 Cases, 29%
4 0
1
2
3
4
Human Trafficking for Non-Sexual Exploitation, 1 Case, 14%
5
6
7
The helpline saw a spike in calls in the Glasgow area following media reports on trafficking in Scotland in February 2017.
Locations of Exploitation in Scotland
Unseen • Registered charity number 1127620 • Registered company number 06754171
Local Authority
Total # of Modern Slavery Referrals
Police
1
Unknown
Female
6
Male
1
Unknown Age
Unknown
6
Female
1
Male
15
Minors
Unknown
1
Female
2
Total # of Victims
Male
1
Adults
various
2
Unknown
HT Non-Sexual Exploitation
7
HT Sexual Exploitation
Police Scotland
Forced Labour
Total # of Modern Slavery Cases
Slavery/ Servitude
Type of Exploitation
6
4
Wales 7 Calls relating to cases in Wales 2 Online Reports relating to cases in Wales 4 Cases of Modern Slavery 13 Potential Victims of Modern Slavery Indicated Potential Victim Nationalities
Types of Modern Slavery Unknown, 1 Case, 25%
8
Romania
3
Wales
1
China
Forced Labour, 3 Cases, 75%
1
Unknown 0
2
4
6
8
10
The most common potential victim nationality is Romanian. Interestingly, cases reported in Wales are spread across the country and not just in large populated areas like Cardiff.
Locations of Exploitation in Wales
2
2 4
1 3
Unseen • Registered charity number 1127620 • Registered company number 06754171
Police
Local Authority
Unknown
1
1 4
9 12
Male
3
Male
1
9 13
Female
Unknown
Unknown Age
3
4
Female
Unknown
various
HT Sexual Exploitation HT Non-Sexual Exploitation
Unknown 1 1
Total # of Victims
Minors
Female
2
Adults
Total # of Modern Slavery Referrals
Male
Dyfed Powys Police South Wales Police Total
Forced Labour
Total # of Modern Slavery Cases
Slavery/ Servitude
Type of Exploitation
Northern Ireland 2 Calls relating to cases in Northern Ireland
2 Online Reports relating to cases in Northern Ireland 3 Cases of Modern Slavery 13 Potential Victims of Modern Slavery Indicated Types of Modern Slavery
Potential Victim Nationalities
Romania
10
Northern Ireland
Unknown, 1 Case, 33%
1
Forced Labour, 2 Cases, 67%
Unknown
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Like Wales, the most common nationality of victims is Romanian.
Locations of Exploitation in Northern Ireland
1
13
Unseen • Registered charity number 1127620 • Registered company number 06754171
3
Local Authority
Police
Unknown
Female
Male
Unknown Age
Unknown
Female
4
Male
9
Minors
Unknown
various
Unknown
HT Sexual Exploitation HT Non-Sexual Exploitation
Forced Labour 2
Total # of Victims
Female
3
Adults
Male
PSNI
Slavery/ Servitude
Type of Exploitation Total # of Modern Slavery Cases
Total # of Modern Slavery Referrals
Referrals to UK-Wide Agencies
Unknown
1
Female
3
Male
4
Unknown Age
Unknown
4
Female
2
2
Male
2
7
Minors
Unknown
3
Female
2
Total # of Victims
Male
1
Adults
Various
HT Non-Sexual Exploitation
6
Unknown
HT Sexual Exploitation
National Crime Agency Gangmasters Labour Abuse Authority
Forced Labour
Total # of Modern Slavery Cases
Slavery/ Servitude
Type of Exploitation
1
Total # of Modern Slavery Referrals
6 2
110 Calls relating to cases outside UK or an unknown location 24
Online Reports relating to cases outside UK or an unknown location
16
Cases of Modern Slavery
22
Potential Victims of Modern Slavery Indicated
Bulgaria
1
Italy
1
Saudi Arabia
1
1
Sweden
1
1
Turkey
1
USA
1
Unknown
10
Total
16
Various
Unknown
HT NonSexual Exploitation
HT Sexual Exploitation
Forced Labour
Country
Slavery/ Servitude
Type of Exploitation # Modern Slavery Cases
1 1
1 1 3 0
3
2
3
5
2
6
2
Outside of the 16 modern slavery cases shown in the table, the Helpline received general information and nonMS cases from various countries, including Argentina, Australia, France, Guatemala, Saudi Arabia, Spain, and the USA.
Disclaimer: This report represents a summary of the information communicated to the UK-wide Modern Slavery Helpline and Resource Centre regarding cases created between 01 January 2017 and 31 March 2017. It is not intended to provide a comprehensive assessment of modern slavery in the UK. The number of potential modern slavery cases and victims indicated are based on the information provided to the helpline at the time of the contact. The Helpline does not corroborate or seek to prove the information provided. Unseen • Registered charity number 1127620 • Registered company number 06754171
