May 1, 2016 - biopsy and/or sputum cytology (an examination of mucus).8,9 ... Deadly Cancer Worldwide10. Cases. Deaths.
Lung Cancer Fact Sheet Symptoms1 Signs and symptoms may not be apparent in early stages of lung cancer. When the disease is more advanced, common signs include:
May 2016
What is Lung Cancer? Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs and is the leading cause of cancer death.2,3 The three main types of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer and lung carcinoid tumors.4
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for
COUGH
85–90%
of all lung cancers.5
COUGHING UP BLOOD
(persistent or worsening)
Key Risk Factors6,7
CHEST PAIN
SHORTNESS OF BREATH
• Smoking, the most common cause of lung cancer • Exposure to radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas • Exposure to other forms of radiation, such as during radiation therapy to the chest
• Workplace exposure to certain inhaled chemicals or minerals, asbestos, silica or diesel exhaust • Air pollution • Personal or family history of lung cancer • Personal history of lung disease
Diagnosis and Prognosis Diagnostic tests for lung cancer include imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan, a tissue biopsy and/or sputum cytology (an examination of mucus).8,9 Lung cancer is estimated to be responsible for nearly 1 in 5 deaths from cancer worldwide.10 The overall 5-year survival rate for patients with lung cancer ranges between 10% to 20%.11
WHEEZING
HOARSENESS
The prognosis for NSCLC is poor. In the US, for example, the overall 5-year survival rate for patients with NSCLC is 21%.12 However, when NSCLC metastasizes it can be difficult to treat and has a 5-year survival of only about 1%.12
Incidence
UNEXPLAINED WEIGHT LOSS
HEADACHE
BONE PAIN
Lung cancer has been the most common cancer in the world for several decades.10 In 2012, there were an estimated 1.8 million new cases of lung cancer diagnosed.10 It is estimated that in 2015, more than 221,000 people in the U.S. were diagnosed with lung cancer and more than 158,000 would die of this disease.13 In 2012, there were more than 409,000 new cases of lung cancer in Europe diagnosed, and over 353,000 lung cancer deaths.14
The Most Common and Deadly Cancer Worldwide10 Cases ~1.8M ~1.6M ~1.1M
Deaths ~1.6M ~522K ~307K
Lung Breast Prostate
Treatment15,16 Current treatment options for lung cancer may include: • Chemotherapy • Radiotherapy
• Chemoradiotherapy (a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy)
• Radiofrequency ablation • Surgery
• Targeted agents • Immunotherapy
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Lung Cancer Fact Sheet
May 2016
Need for Further Research Despite advances in the field of lung cancer, the prognosis for patients remains poor, especially for metastatic NSCLC.10,12 There is a clear unmet medical need for new treatment options. To learn about current clinical trials in lung cancer, visit www.clinicaltrials.gov and search for ‘lung cancer.’
References 1. Mayo Clinic. Lung Cancer Symptoms. Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/symptoms/con-20025531. Accessed April 2016. 2. Lungcancer.org. What is Lung Cancer? Available from: http://www.lungcancer.org/find_information/publications/163-lung_cancer_101/265-what_is_lung_cancer. Last accessed April 2016. 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lung Cancer Awareness. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/resources/features/lungcancer/. Last accessed April 2016. 4. American Cancer Society. Lung Cancer. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer/. Last accessed April 2016. 5. American Cancer Society. Lung Cancer (Non-Small Cell). Available from: http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003115-pdf.pdf. Accessed April 2016. 6. Cancer Research UK. Lung Cancer Risks and Causes. Available from: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/lung-cancer/about/lung-cancer-risks-and-causes. Accessed April 2016. 7. American Cancer Society. What Are the Risk Factors for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer? Available from: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/overviewguide/lung-cancer-non-small-cell-overview-what-causes. Accessed April 2016. 8. Mayo Clinic. Lung Cancer. Available from: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20025531. Last accessed April 2016. 9. National Cancer Institute. NCI Dictionary of Terms – Sputum Cytology. Available from: http://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms?cdrid=335080. Accessed April 2016. 10. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012; Lung Cancer. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_cancer.aspx. Accessed April 2016. 11. American Cancer Society. Global Cancer Facts and Firgures: 3rd Edition. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@research/documents/document/acspc-044738.pdf. Accessed May 2016 12. Cancer.net. Lung Cancer – Non-Small Cell: Statistics. Available from: http://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/lung-cancer-non-small-cell/statistics. Accessed April 2016. 13. National Cancer Institute. SEER Stat Fact Sheet: Lung and Bronchus. Available from: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html. Accessed April 2016. 14. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)/EUCAN. Lung Cancer Including Trachea and Bronchus; Estimated Incidence, Mortality & Prevalence for Both Sexes. Available from: http://eco.iarc.fr/eucan/Cancer.aspx?Cancer=18#block-table-a. Accessed April 2016. 15. NCCN. Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Guidelines version 4, 2016. Available from: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nscl.pdf. Accessed April 2016. 16. Reck M. et al. Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up. Annals of Oncology. 2014;25 Suppl 3:iii27-39
Immuno-oncology is a top priority for Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, and Pfizer Inc. The global strategic alliance between Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, and Pfizer Inc., New York, US, enables the companies to benefit from each other’s strengths and capabilities and further explore the therapeutic potential of immunotherapy. The alliance is focused on developing high-priority international clinical programs to investigate immunotherapy regimens, and is striving to find new ways to treat cancer.
Pfizer Inc.: Working together for a healthier worldTM At Pfizer, we apply science and our global resources to bring therapies to people that extend and significantly improve their lives. We strive to set the standard for quality, safety and value in the discovery, development and manufacture of healthcare products. Our global portfolio includes medicines and vaccines as well as many of the world's best-known consumer healthcare products. Every day, Pfizer colleagues work across developed and emerging markets to advance wellness, prevention, treatments and cures that challenge the most feared diseases of our time. Consistent with our responsibility as one of the world's premier innovative biopharmaceutical companies, we collaborate with health care providers, governments and local communities to support and expand access to reliable, affordable health care around the world. For more than 150 years, Pfizer has worked to make a difference for all who rely on us. For more information, please visit us at www.pfizer.com. In addition, to learn more, follow us on Twitter at @Pfizer and @Pfizer_News, LinkedIn, YouTube, and like us on Facebook at Facebook.com/Pfizer.
About Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, is a leading science and technology company in healthcare, life science and performance materials. Around 50,000 employees work to further develop technologies that improve and enhance life – from biopharmaceutical therapies to treat cancer or multiple sclerosis, cutting-edge systems for scientific research and production, to liquid crystals for smartphones and LCD televisions. In 2015, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, generated sales of €12.85 billion in 66 countries. Founded in 1668, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, is the world's oldest pharmaceutical and chemical company. The founding family remains the majority owner of the publicly listed corporate group. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, holds the global rights to the Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, name and brand. The only exceptions are the United States and Canada, where the company operates as EMD Serono, MilliporeSigma and EMD Performance Materials. US-AVL-0416-0028a
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