MA RC H - Future Electronics

AMERICAS’ EDITION

MARCH

2 016

PRODUCT AND TECHNOLOGY NEWS FROM FUTURE ELECTRONICS

Infineon XMC4000 Family Speeds Up Functional Safety Development of Industrial Applications PAGE 3

Renesas Single-Chip Solution for Precise Motor and Servo Control Register to WIN a RZ/T1 Solution Kit PAGES 4-5

Intersil Breaking New Ground in Efficiency, Power Density and Ease of Use PAGE 7

Vishay Extended T55 Series of Polymer Tantalum Chip Capacitors PAGE 12

Interested in how TE Connectivity’s ARISO Contactless Connectivity can work for you? Register NOW to qualify for a live demonstration! See details on page 6.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT

APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT Infineon Renesas TE Connectivity Intersil Cypress SCHURTER CUI Inc. Littelfuse Littelfuse Crydom Vishay Semtech Sensirion Microchip Orion Fans Brady SCHURTER Littelfuse

XMC4000 Family Speeds Up Functional Safety Development of Industrial Applications 3 Single-chip Solution for Precise Motor and Servo Control 4-5 ARISO Contactless Connectivity 6 Breaking new ground in efficiency, power density and ease of use 7 SLC NAND Flash Memory with AECQ-100 Qualification, +105°C Operating Temperature and Compact Packaging 8 Reliable Short Circuit Performance with UL 508 Manual Motor Controller for Industrial Applications 8 The Power to Heal, Deliver, Connect and Build – The Power of Things™ 9 200W TVS Diode Array Offers Superior Clamping Protection to Similar Market Solutions 10 TVS Diode Array Optimized for RS-485 Port Protection – 50% Higher Power Handling Capability 10 Nova 22: Powerful, Innovative, Versatile 11 Extended T55 Series of Polymer Tantalum Chip Capacitors 12 A wide range of innovative platforms for industrial applications 13 World’s Smallest Sensor for Air Flow Measurements 14 Motion Monitoring Made Easy 14 Fans Built for Harsh Environments 15 When Performance Matters Most: Ultra-Temp Polyimide Labels 15 Looking for New Illumination Possibilities in One Switch? 16 Small Profile, 14mm Reed Switches with Close Differential 16

COMPONENT FOCUS Mallory Sonalert Susumu Future Electronics

cUL Approved IEC 60601-1-8 Medical Alarms for Any Medical Application World’s Smallest Low Noise Current Sensing Resistor Analog Corner

DESIGN NOTES NXP STMicroelectronics

Keep Your Factory Automation Humming! How to Achieve ‘Zero’ Stand-By Power Consumption in an Offline AC/DC Converter

TECHNICAL VIEW Future Electronics

Power MOSFETs and IGBTs: Not So Simple After All

AD Future Lighting Solutions

We Accelerate Time to Revenue by Providing…

17 17 22-23

18 19

20-21

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Current and previous versions of the virtual FTMs are available at www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

XMC4000 Family Speeds Up Functional Safety Development of Industrial Applications

Further advancing the development of functional safety industrial applications, Infineon recently announced the availability of the safety package for the XMC4000 family of 32-bit microcontrollers. The XMC4000 safety package helps to develop TÜV-certified automation systems that conform with safety integrity levels SIL2 and SIL3. In addition, with the XMC4000 safety package, Infineon helps to cut development time for the functional safety software test libraries down to about one year. The XMC4000 safety package includes XMC4000 microcontroller hardware, detailed documentation and a TÜV-certified software test library, which was developed together with the functional safety solution provider YOGITECH. Also, it includes consultancy and implementation support by the embedded engineering tool supplier Hitex that offers extensive experience in functional safety applications. The detailed documentation comprises a failure mode report, FMEDA (failure mode effects and diagnostic analysis) based on liable FIT (failure in time) rates for the XMC4000 microcontrollers, and the safety application note helping to develop SIL2 and SIL3 systems.

XMC4400 Drive Card: KIT_XMC4400_DC_V1 Stay Safe While Dealing with Hundreds of Watts

XMC4000 Families: XMC4800, XMC4700, XMC4500, XMC4400, XMC4200, XMC4100 All XMC4000 devices are qualified for operation at +125°C ambient temperature. They are powered by ARM® Cortex®-M4 with a built-in DSP instruction set, Single Precision Floating Point Unit, Direct Memory Access (DMA) feature and Memory Protection Unit (MPU). All members of the XMC4000 family come with a comprehensive set of common, fast and precise analog/mixed signal, Timer/PWM and communication peripherals. The XMC4000 family today has six series: XMC4100, XMC4200, XMC4400, XMC4500, XMC4700 and XMC4800, with more than 75 devices in VQFN, LQFP and LFBGA packages scaling from 48 to 196 pins. As a highlight, the XMC4800 devices are the first-ever highly integrated ARM Cortex-M4 based microcontrollers with EtherCAT® integrated, bringing real-time Ethernet communication that is easy to implement with high cost effectiveness.

Future Electronics’ New Product Introduction (NPI) program is an important part of our commitment to servicing all of our customers’ needs from prototype to production.

To ensure you continue receiving future copies of FTM

Look for the NPI icon to learn about the latest products and technologies available, and buy what you need in engineering quantities.

• Digital power conversion • Motor control • Sense and control • IO applications

Most products featured in FTM are available in engineering quantities. For more information or to buy products herein, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM. For immediate access to the WORLD’S LARGEST AVAILABLE-TO-SELL INVENTORY go to www.FutureElectronics.com. Follow us on:

Register at www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM/Register Accuracy of technical data: All technical data, information, detachable insert(s) or loose advertisement(s) contained in this magazine is derived from information provided by Future Electronics’ suppliers. Such information has not been verified by Future Electronics and we make no representation, nor assume any liability as to its accuracy. Future Electronics does not assume liability in respect to loss or damage incurred as a consequence of or in the connection with the use of such data and information. Prices subject to change without notice. ®Delight the Customer is a registered trademark of Future Electronics.

2

1.800.FUTURE.1 • www.FutureElectronics.com

FEATURES • XMC4400 microcontroller (ARM Cortex-M4F based) • On-board J-Link lite debugger with galvanic isolation • 2x hall interface • 2x encoder interface • Compatible with Infineon power boards (e.g. power board from XMC750 watt motor control application kit) • Fully supported by DAVE with motor control apps library

APPLICATIONS

To buy products or download data, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

Delight the Customer®

Take the XMC4400 drive card with galvanic isolation. The debug interface is isolated from the XMC microcontroller and the position detection interfaces to guarantee safe operation during software development. The best fit for the XMC1300 and XMC4400 drive cards is the DAVE™ motor control apps library and X-Spy for SW development and parameterisation.



Orderable Part Numbers

SP Numbers

XMC4400F100F256ABXQSA1

SP001019638

XMC4400F100F512ABXQMA1

SP001017518

XMC4400F100K256ABXQSA1

SP001019640


SP001017494

XMC4400F100K512BAXUMA1

SP001342448


SP001020232


SP001017492


SP001020234


SP001017516


SP001019642


SP001019646


SP001019650

3

RZ/T1 Real-Time Motion Control Processor

Networking and Servo Drive Capabilities

Single-chip Solution for Precise Motor and Servo Control Engineers designing industrial systems from advanced robotics, automated machines, and motion systems require real-time deterministic operation, high computational performance, as well as network connectivity. These enable overall system improvement while reducing operational costs and saving energy.

Key Features ■■ARM Cortex R4F CPU with Tightly Coupled Memory for real-time performance ■■Single/double precision floating point improves control loop arithmetic and reduces memory footprint

The RZ/T1 processor addresses these needs by combining the processing power and real-time architecture to manage tighter control loops, network connectivity to support the latest industrial communication protocols, and hardware integrated highspeed encoder interfaces, all to effectively function as a servo solution on a single chip. Built around the ARM® Cortex®-R4F core running at up to 600 MHz with doubleprecision floating-point arithmetic, the Renesas RZ/T1 processors readily handle complex control algorithms. Tightly coupled memory (TCM) allows definitive real-time response processing. The CPU gets highspeed access to code and data without passing through cache memory.

■■Renesas R-IN Engine supports multiple industrial protocols such as EtherCAT, Profinet, Ethernet/IP, Modbus TCP and more ■■Embedded encoder interface supports both incremental and absolute encoders

Motion in Real-Time - The integration of a high performance processor, industrial networking support, and built-in encoder interface reduces cost and time to market.

Industrial automation designs are increasingly implementing network connectivity via deterministic, openstandard networks such as EtherCAT®, EtherNet/IP™ and PROFINET. Traditionally, this functionality has mandated a separate ASIC with dedicated communication functionality. RZ/T1 processors support these leading industrial Ethernet protocols within the same platform.

range of digital encoders, including incremental encoders. The devices also accommodate absolute encoders such as EnDAT and BiSS. Conventional Drive Solution FA Network

ASSP (EtherCAT, etc.)

Single-chip AC Servo Solution

FA Network

RZ/T1 MCU

The Renesas chips also integrate highspeed analog and multiple encoder interfaces capable of handling a wide

The on-chip multi-protocol encoder reduces complexity while also enabling system design flexibility.

By eliminating the need for external FPGAs or ASICs, RZ/T1 processors significantly reduce component count, board size and system cost.

PWM Timers (MTU3a, GPT)

Engine

CPU

SRAM GPIO or SIO

IGBT

CPU

Motor

SRAM MEMC

PWM Timers (MTU3a, GPT)

IGBT

Absolute Encoder

Multi-Protocol Encoder-IF

MEMC

EnDat

FPGA (Encoder-IF)

Motor

Absolute Encoder

BiSS-B

firmware firmware BiSS-C firmware

Multi-Protocol Industrial Ethernet

High Performance Real-Time CPU Tightly optimized architecture ensures the highest level of responsiveness with no cache latency

600 MHz Cortex R4F CPU Tightly Coupled Memory (TCM)

Engine

Motor Encoder I/F

Industry-proven Peripherals

HW accelerator improves network performance 5x and switches tasks up to 3x faster

Embedded Encoder Interface Built-in I/F provides versatility, lowers system cost and simplifies product designs

Familiar, proven on-chip functions facilitate scalability

Deterministic Performance According to the industry-standard benchmark CoreMark® tests for embedded systems as defined by EEMBC, the RZ/T1 architecture has a CoreMark score of over 1,900 – at least 30% higher than other real-time MPUs targeted for motion control.

Cacheless operation with Tightly Coupled Memory improves control loop efficiency by significantly reducing interrupt service routine jitter. Interrupt Latency Test Cache

Interrupt Latency Test TCM

Additionally, the RZ/T1 achieves exceptionally low jitter that makes control loops more deterministic and reduces interrupt-handling cycles. Test data shows that jitter is reduced by more than 50%, and task switching is up to 3x faster.

For more information or to buy products, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

System Development Solution Kit To speed up application designs and shorten time to market, Renesas offers the RZ/T1 Solution Kit—a complete HW/SW development solution that supports up to two servomotors in a single platform. The kit includes an RZ/T1 CPU card and a dual-channel low-voltage inverter with connections for supporting incremental and absolute encoders. The robust inverter has built-in isolation with current-limiting circuits and overcurrent protection. A very flexible intelligent Motion Utility Tool automatically determines motor wiring and phasing. All it takes to start a motor spinning are a few clicks of a mouse! To aid customization, algorithms are written in source code.

Algorithms in source code

Motion Control tool (library)

Current control loop

Multi-axis support

FF velocity/acceleration

Position loop and feedback

Position/rev setting

Position capture

Windings mapping

Motor commutation profile

Space Vector Modulation (SVM)

Phase modes

Velocity profile penerator And more...

Kp, Ki, Kd tuning

Motion scope in real time Channel-selectable zoom-in

Get Started Now! Register for an opportunity to win a free RZ/T1 Solution Kit at am.renesas.com/rztmotionkit. Or, if you want to start TODAY, you can purchase your Renesas RZ/T1 Starter Kit at bit.ly/1orGUn5

APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT ARISO Contactless Connectivity Interested in how

ARISO

Contactless Connectivity

Breaking new ground in efficiency, power density and ease of use.

can work for you?

Register NOW to qualify for a live demonstration!

TE Connectivity’s (TE) ARISO Contactless Connectivity Platform is a hybrid interconnection system, based on contactless power and data technology, which can easily connect over a short distance without a physical connection. TE’s ARISO platform is not subject to any of the old design parameters, it’s immune to vibration, pollutants and harsh environments and unconfined by movement restrictions.

bit.ly/1K7O49N

Where traditional connectivity reaches its limits due to space restrictions, vibration, dust and debris, contactless connectivity can provide premier design flexibility while reducing maintenance and installation efforts. The ARISO Contactless Connectivity Platform is designed to replace complex and expensive harness construction and slip rings, enabling connectivity where connections previously were not possible.

This is made possible by the seamless integration of contactless power supply and high frequency technology. TE’s ARISO platform is particularly at home in applications involving moving parts and electronic components that need to stay reliably connected in harsh environments.

Part Number 2287598-1

2287598-2

2287598-3

2287598-4

2287598-5

Number of Outputs – Connector

• Robotics • Centrifuges • In-line inspection • Milling machines

BENEFITS • Freedom of movement that includes tilt, angle and misalignment • Design flexibility and cost savings by transfer of power and signal through fluids and walls • Easy, on-the-fly connections – e.g. connecting remote IOs or sensors on moving machine parts • Rotational freedom that enables faster rotation with more than 360° • Unlimited mating cycles in wet and dusty environments for reduced maintenance costs • Safe and reliable connections in harsh environments through vibration resistance and fully sealed couplers

Size (w/o Cable)

Description

Power Level

ARISO TxM030S012PNP2a; Transmitter, 12W, 2 PNP

12 Watt - Operating voltage: 24 VDC

2 PNP Signals – M12, male a-coded, 4 pos.

M30 x 80mm

ARISO RxM030S012PNP2a; Receiver, 12W, 2 PNP

- Output current: 500mA

2 PNP Signals – M12, female a-coded, 4 pos.

M30 x 80mm

ARISO TxM030S012PNP8a; Transmitter, 12W, 8 PNP ARISO RxM030S012PNP8a; Receiver, 12W, 8 PNP ARISO RxM030S012PNP8b; Receiver, 12W, 8 PNP

8 PNP Signals, M12, male, 12 pos. 8 PNP Signals, M12, female, 12 pos. Pinning option 1.

M30 x 80mm

For details please check the datasheet.

Operational Freedom

M30 x 80mm

Industry-leading power management solutions for demanding industrial applications •

• Specifications

Air Gap: max. 7mm

• IP67

Misalignment: max. 5mm

• Ambient temp.: -20°C to +55°C

Angle: max. +30°C

• Storage temp.: -25°C to +100°C • Housing material: Ni-Plated Brass • Switching frequency f: 500Hz • CE, RoHS

Features • Power input reverse polarity protection • Power output short circuit protection/ data output short circuit protection • Data input/output reverse polarity protection • Over-temperature protection

•

•

• Foreign object protection

For details please check the datasheet.

8 PNP Signals, M12, female, 12 pos. Pinning option 2.

• High end printers • Rotating tables • Molding machines

M30 x 80mm

• Dynamic pairing • In operating range/ status OK indication (12 pos. versions)

Additional variants include power and data and form factor upon request


•

ISL8117/A 60V sync buck controller’s low duty cycle (40ns min on time) delivers direct conversion from 48V to 1V—no need for intermediate power stage or external compensation.

40 ISL8240M

The ISL8018 synchronous buck converter steps-down 5V rails to pointof-load inputs as low as 0.6V for FPGAs, DSPs and microprocessors.

30

The ISL80510/05 1A/.5A LDO voltage regulators transient performance for noise-sensitive loads, at a highly competitive price.

20

For low-load applications, the ISL8541x family of sync buck switching regulators voltage range of 3 to 40V. Reduce your design time with the fully integrated ISL8203M dual 3A/single 6A power module, than 0.10 in3.


ISL8115

ISL8105

ISL8117/A

ISL8201M 10

ISL8018 ISL85003/A ISL8026

ISL80510/05 0 4

ARISO, TE Connectivity and TE connectivity (logo) are trademarks.

6

ISL8130 ISL8225M

LOAD CURRENT

Unconstrained innovation relies on connectivity. Connectivity that’s not subject to any of the old design parameters. Unconfined by movement restrictions.

APPLICATIONS


MAX V IN

ISL85033

ISL8216M

ISL8203M ISL8541x

ISL8003x 8

SWITCHING REGULATORS

16 CONTROLLERS

32 MODULES

64 LDOS

APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT SLC NAND Flash Memory with AECQ-100 Qualification, +105°C Operating Temperature and Compact Packaging

Customers who use SLC NAND for smart meters, digital display panels, security cameras, point of sales devices and other industrial applications require components that can perform accurately and consistently, even in the harshest environments. They need reliable memory products which can operate at extended temperature ranges. Many of these applications are in production for multiple years and require form, fit and function compatible supply of products. Cypress SLC NAND meets the quality and reliability requirements of these challenging applications.

Customers seeking a high quality, non-volatile memory with extended operating temperatures, make it the preferred solution for automotive and industrial applications. Cypress’s SLC NAND flash family offers densities ranging from 1Gb to 16Gb and is backed by Cypress’s outstanding support and commitment for longevity of supply. FEATURES • Temperature range: -40°C to +105°C • 10PPM or less products available • ISO/TS 16949, AEC-Q100 and PPAP • Software support: complimentary drivers and Cypress FFS • Interface: ONFI 1.0 • Voltage: 3V/1.8V • Packages: 48-pin TSOP, 63-ball BGA, 67-ball BGA

The power to

.

APPLICATIONS • Industrial digital meters and sensors • Smart appliances and thermostat • Digital TV and display panels • Automotive clusters and infotainment • Medical • Security cameras • Point of sales devices • Printers

HEAL

DELIVER

CONNECT

BUILD


Reliable Short Circuit Performance with UL 508 Manual Motor Controller for Industrial Applications

SCHURTER’s AS168X thermal magnetic, high performance circuit breaker is a UL 508 listed, manual motor controller. The AS168X provides motor disconnect from 0.5A to 30A, and motor protection from 10Hp to 20Hp for industrial control applications. The AS168X series is rated 0.5A to 52A at 480Y/ 277VAC . The high performance CBE limits let-through energy in the event of a short circuit up to 10kA at 277VAC . The family has three levels of short circuit protection, categorized by F, G and H curves and is available in one to four poles. Multi-pole devices are connected internally and at the handle for simultaneous operation. This applies also to combinations with the switched neutral pole. The thermal magnetic, positively trip free breaker, with manual ON/OFF actuation has a high endurance (life cycle) of 6000 cycles (In) with an ambient temperature range of -20°C to +60°C.

8

This thermal magnetic circuit breaker combines a latching type bimetal with a magnetic coil to ensure protection and genuine physical contact isolation. This provides the joint benefits of delayed operation for low level overcurrent protection and fast magnetic action of higher value short circuits, disconnecting the faulty, circuit within milliseconds. The AS168X starts stops, regulates, controls and protects 1 and 3-phase electric motors. SCHURTER’s manual motor controller is DIN rail mountable, style EN50022, for quick installation. Screw terminal connections at line and load accept a range of wire sizes 16 - 4AWG; compact in design, measuring 17.5mm in width, these circuit breakers conserve panel space and are well-suited for high-density configurations. Ingress protection of IP40 from the front side is in accordance with IEC 60529.


The Power of Things FEATURES • 1 to 4 poles • Rated current/voltage: - 0.5A to 52A/480Y/277V - 0.5A to 52A/65VDC • 1/10Hp to 20Hp (horse power rating) • Suitable for motor disconnect (0.5A to 30A) • Energy limiting design • DIN rail mountable

TM

Technology is transforming the world around us at a rapid pace. While you are designing the products that will save lives and bring global communities together, we are developing the power systems to support your most demanding applications. Our power expertise and collaborative approach are in place to support you while you shape the future of technology.



APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT 200W TVS Diode Array Offers Superior Clamping Protection to Similar Market Solutions trial CAN Bus applications that are susceptible to damage due to lightning-induced transients or ESD. The SM24CANA series 200W TVS Diode Array (SPA® Diodes) is designed for protecting the automotive Controller Area Network (CAN) Bus from damage due to electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical fast transient (EFT), and other overvoltage transients. It absorbs repetitive ESD strikes above the maximum level specified in the IEC61000-4-2 international standard without performance degradation and safely dissipates 3A of surge current with very low clamping voltages. This AEC-Q101 qualified device helps maximize the reliability of automotive electronics applications like drive-by-wire (CAN BUS) systems, engine control modules, power train electronics, anti-lock brakes, airbags and other safety circuits. It is also suitable for use in indus-

2

1

FEATURES • Enhanced ESD and surge protection permits worry-free product implementation in automotive environments, with protection well in excess of the IEC61000-4-2 standard (±8kV). • Low dynamic resistance (0.7 typical) ensures superior clamping protection, providing a 10% reduction in clamping voltage versus similar market solutions. This makes the SM24CANA series ideal for protecting automotive ICs from catastrophic failure to maximize system reliability. • Low capacitance (11pF typical) helps to preserve signal integrity and minimizes data loss. • AEC-Q101 qualified for use in automotive electronics, which ensures maximum reliability.

3

APPLICATIONS • CAN Bus protection • Automotive applications


TVS Diode Array Optimized for RS-485 Port Protection 50% Higher Power Handling Capability FEATURES

The SM712 series TVS Diode Array (SPA® Diodes) was created for protecting RS-485 applications with asymmetrical working voltages (-7V to 12V) from damage due to electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical fast transients (EFT), and lightning-induced surges. The SM712 series can absorb repetitive ESD strikes above the maximum level specified in the IEC61000-4-2 international standard without performance degradation and safely dissipate up to 19A of surge current with very low clamping voltages. This AEC-Q101 qualified device ensures maximum reliability in the harshest environments so it is well suited for industrial applications, including protecting RS-485 ports in equipment such as security systems, Automatic teller machines (ATMs), test equipment, etc.

• Exceptional power handling capability (600W) with enhanced ESD/surge protection. With 50% higher power handling capability than other industry solutions, the SM712 series gives design engineers more headroom against worldwide regulatory standards. • Asymmetrical standoff voltage matches the RS-485 transceiver profile, which ensures data lines are clamped to the lowest possible voltage without interfering with normal circuit operation. • Low dynamic resistance (0.5Ω TYP) offers the advanced clamping performance needed to protect modern electronics. • Minimal capacitive loading of 75pF (MAX) preserves signal integrity and minimizes data loss over long installations of RS-485 wiring. • Automotive-grade quality (AEC-Q101 qualified) ensures maximum reliability in the harshest environments.

APPLICATIONS • RS-485 • Fieldbus • Modbus • Profibus • DMX512 • Security systems • ATMs • Automation equipment • Communication equipment To buy products or download data, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

For more information or to buy products, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM 10


APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT Extended T55 Series of Polymer Tantalum Chip Capacitors

Vishay’s extended T55 series of polymer tantalum chip capacitors offers new devices in D and V case sizes and higher voltage ratings from 16V to 35V. The extended T55 series of vPolyTan™ surface mount polymer tantalum molded chip capacitors are new devices in the D and V case sizes, with higher voltage ratings from 16V to 35V. In addition, devices in the A and B case sizes have been enhanced with lower ESR. The devices in the larger D and V case sizes are optimized for network equipment, computers, and solid state drives while the capacitors in the compact A and B case sizes are ideal for tablets, smartphones, and wireless cards. The increased voltage ratings support the 12V to 28V range commonly found in supply voltages for computer peripherals. The devices’ polymer cathodes provide greatly enhanced performance over manganese dioxide devices, including lower internal resistance for enhanced charge and discharge characteristics. FEATURES • Offered in the compact J, P, A, B, T (low profile B - 1.2mm max), D, and low profile V case sizes • Nine new devices in the D case size and six new devices in the V case size • Ultra-low ESR from 500mΩ down to 15mΩ at +25°C and 100kHz • Devices in the A and B case sizes enhanced with lower ESR down to 40mΩ • Higher voltage ratings from 16V to 35V • Excellent ripple current rating up to 3.9A IRMS • Wide capacitance range from 3.3μF to 470μF • Capacitance tolerance of ±20% • Operating temperature range of -55°C to +105°C • Lead (Pb)-free terminations • RoHS compliant, halogen-free, and Vishay Green • Compatible with high volume automatic pick-and-place equipment • Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) of 3 APPLICATIONS • Decoupling, smoothing, filtering • Bulk energy storage in wireless cards • Infrastructure equipment • Storage and networking • Computer motherboards • Smartphones and tablets

Key Specifications: Part Number

Cap (μF)

Voltage (V)

ESR (mΩ)

Case

T55B226M016C0070

22

16

70

B

T55B156M020C0070

15

20

70

B

T55B106M025C0100

10

25

100

B

T55B685M035C0200

6.8

35

200

B

T55D337M6R3C0040

330

6.3

40

D

T55D107M010C0055

100

10

55

D

T55D477M004C0025

470

4

25

D

T55D337M6R3C0025

330

6.3

25

D

T55D227M010C0025

227

10

25

D

T55V337M6R3C0025

330

6.3

25

V

T55V227M6R3C0025

220

6.3

25

V

T55V686M010C0060

68

10

60

V

T55D107M010C0025

100

10

25

D

T55V157M010C0025

150

10

25

V

T55V107M016C0050

100

16

50

V

T55D337M010C0025

330

10

25

D

T55D227M010C0040

220

10

40

D

T55D227M6R3C0040

220

6.3

40

D

T55V157M6R3C0025

150

6.3

25

V

ORDERING INFORMATION T55

B

156

M

6R3

C

0500

TYPE

CASE CODE

CAPACITANCE

CAPACITANCE TOLERANCE

DC VOLTAGE RATING

TERMINATION/ PACKAGING

ESR

See ratings and case codes table

This is expressed in picofarads. The first two digits are the significant figures. The third is the number of zeros to follow.

M = ±20%

This is expressed in volts. To complete the three-digit block, zeros precede the voltage rating. A decimal point is indicated by an “R” (6R3 = 6.3V)

C = lead (Pb)-free solderable coating, 7" reel

Maximum 100 kHz ESR in MΩ


12




World’s Smallest Sensor for Air Flow Measurements

Sensirion’s new SDP3x digital differential pressure sensor measures just 5 x 8 x 5mm and opens up countless new integration and application possibilities for the measurement of air flows in medical and consumer applications. With its unrivaled small size, the SDP3x can be integrated in spaces previously impossible to consider. The new sensor is particularly suited for portable or mobile medical devices used for home care (medical ventilation) or for products in the consumer goods industry. The SDP3x sensor can measure differential pressure or be configured for mass flow measurement in a bypass configuration. It’s not just the small size that’s impressive – the SDP3x also stands out with its accuracy, long-term stability, and no zero-point drift. The new SDP3x is reflow solderable and available in

a pick-and-place package on tape and reel for industrial manufacturing. The small sensor also offers fast signal processing, response time and includes various other digital functions such as multiple I2C addresses or interrupt and alarm functions. All of these new features make Sensirion’s SDP3x series differential pressure sensor the perfect choice for cost-sensitive applications requiring high production volumes. FEATURES • Smallest size (5 x 5 x 8mm), opening up new dimension of applications • Measurement range ±500Pa (±2 in. H2O), other ranges available later 2016 • Excellent accuracy and repeatability, even below 1Pa • No zero-offset, no drift • Calibrated and temperature compensated • Fast sampling time of 2kHz at 16-bit resolution • Digital I2C and analog output versions • Reflow solderable, shipped in tape-and-reel for pick-and-place

Fans Built for Harsh Environments With the industry’s shortest lead times, Orion rugged fans can be quickly integrated into your design.

APPLICATIONS • Medical home care applications • Portable medical devices • Lifestyle and consumer products • Appliances • Filter monitoring • Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC)


Motion Monitoring Made Easy

MM7150 Motion Module Speeds Design Cycles for Embedded Applications

Orion Fans harsh environment AC fans, DC fans, filter fan kits and accessories are designed and tested to perform in the toughest conditions and protect against dust, moisture, salt fog, salt spray, temperature changes, and humidity. Available with IP55 ratings, salt fog IP55 ratings, and all-metal versions, you’ll find the right harsh environment fan for your application. IP55-rated fans can withstand water jets sprayed from all directions. Salt-fog IP55-rated fans meet the International Standards on Salt Spray Tests, GR487, ASTM-B-117 and ISO 9227. All-metal AC fans are resistant to high temperatures and corrosive compounds, which enables longer L10 life spans of up to 65,000 hours.

Microchip makes it easy to design motion-based applications with our MM7150 Motion Module PICtail™/ PICtail Plus Evaluation Board using Microchip’s 16- and 32-bit PIC® microcontrollers. The board can be plugged directly into Microchip’s Explorer 16 Development Board. The MM7150 PICtail Evaluation Board is based on Microchip’s MM7150 Motion Module which integrates 9-axis motion sensors with a motion coprocessor into a single platform. The SSC7150 Motion Coprocessor is pre-programmed with integrated calibration and sensor fusion algorithms to provide raw and calibrated motion-compensated 3D data. The MM7150 Motion Module PICtail Evaluation Board allows engineers to speed designs to market and reduce the risk of launching motion for embedded and Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

Size

Airflow (CFM)

IP55-rated fans

120mm - 280mm

51 - 1130

Salt-fog IP55-rated fans

120mm - 254mm

53 - 283

All-metal AC fans

80mm - 280mm

18 - 1130

Features


B-719 Matte Low Profile White ESD Polyimide Labels B-717 Gloss 2 Mil White THT Polyimide Labels White polyimide film (2 mil) with gloss finish and ultra-durable static dissipative adhesive. Excellent resistance to wave solder + reflow environments for PCB and electronic component pre-process labeling.

Low profile (1 mil) white polyimide film with a gloss finish and ultra-durable static dissipative adhesive. Low profile film allows for easier use in processes needing thin and/or lighter labels that require tighter tolerances and clearances. MM7150 Motion Module PICtail/ PICtail Plus Evaulation Board (AC243007)

• Automation and instrumentation • Process control • HVAC equipment and blowers • Medical equipment • Military applications • Remote antenna installations • Wind power devices

When Performance Matters Most: Ultra-Temp Polyimide Labels

B-718 Gloss Low Profile White ESD Polyimide Labels Developing applications with motion sensors can be difficult. Designers need to develop complex algorithms to filter, compensate and fuse the raw data from the sensors, which requires specialized knowledge and can be very resource intensive.

APPLICATIONS


Low profile (1 mil) white polyimide film with a matte finish and ultra-durable static dissipative adhesive. Low profile film allows for easier use in processes needing thin and/or lighter labels that require tighter tolerances and clearances. Matte top coat prevents solder balls from sticking after molten wave solder exposure. APPLICATIONS • Pre-process traceability identification • Top or bottom board placement • Works with both surface mount and through-hole assembly processes REGULATORY APPROVALS • Adhesive resistivity in the recommended range set by ANSI/ESD S541-2008 • RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU • MIL-STD-202G, UL 969 • ASTM E595 out-gassing requirements

FEATURES • Ultra-durable permanent adhesive • Designed to withstand multiple cycles of harsh condition wash cycles (inline and batch) • Peak temperatures up to +300ºC • High dielectric strength of 12,000V (B-717), 10,000V (B-718), 8,500V (B-719) • Compatible for use with ZESTRON – ATRON® AC 207, ATRON® AC 205, VIGON® A 201, VIGON® N 600 • Approved for use with auto apply systems and label feeders

For more information or to buy products, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo and PIC are registered trademarks and PICtail is a trademark of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their registered owners. © 2016 Microchip Technology Inc. All rights reserved. 5/15 DS00001897A


15


COMPONENT FOCUS cUL Approved IEC 60601-1-8 Medical Alarms for Any Medical Application

Looking for New Illumination Possibilities in One Switch?

SCHURTER’s PSE, piezo metal switch and MCS 30, mechanical metal switch series, powered by variable input voltages, offer new illumination possibilities. Through the use of RGB color technology, it’s now possible to indicate up to seven illumination color options with just one switch. The variable power supply offers a homogenous and brilliant illumination within a voltage range of 5VDC to 28VDC . The new multicolor illumination of the PSE and MCS 30 series is made easy using convenient color-coded wires in each of the illumination colors. Each color is given a specific voltage between 5VDC to 28VDC . The constant brightness intensity is maintained regardless of applied voltage. The standard version is offered in red, green, and blue. Additional color options include yellow, cyan, magenta and white, which can be

The new RGB multicolor illumination option greatly expands the application range of the PSE and MCS 30 button style switches. The PSE is available in 22/24/27/30mm diameters; the MCS 30 is available with a 30mm diameter. The PSE has an IP69K ingress protection rating. It has no moving actuator and is thus absolutely impervious to any leaks or accumulation of dirt underneath or around the switch surface. This technology is ideal for hygiene-related applications such as medical equipment, food processing equipment and outdoor applications subject to vandalism such as ticketing machines. The MCS 30 is an alternative to the highly robust, solid state PSE. It is also designed for demanding applications, although it uses a tactile switch that provides a clear haptic feedback.

MALLORY SONALERT PRODUCTS, INC.

Mallory Sonalert offers 44 medical alarm models approved by UL to IEC 60601-1-8.

FEATURES • Variable input voltage from 5VDC to 28VDC • Multicolor illumination with 7 different colors APPLICATIONS • Medical equipment • Harsh environments/public applications • Food processing equipment To buy products or download data, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

The MSS series of cUL approved IEC 60601-1-8 medical alarms features a compact 23 x 14mm PC pin mount package size and a 90dB at 10cm sound level. P/N MSS300R does not have circuitry (mounted speaker only), and the other 9 part numbers in this series are rated 5VDC and issue IEC 60601-1-8 approved sounds including a continuous tone, three priority tones (general melody), and the other medical melody tones. MSS Series of IEC 60601-1-8 Alarms Part Number

Voltage Range

MACD-14 (leaded) and MASM-14 (surface mount) are sub-miniature, normally open switches with a 14.00mm long x 2.28mm diameter (0.551” x 0.090”) glass envelope capable of switching 200VDC at 10W with close differential. Available sensitivity range is 10AT to 30AT. The reed switches have a high insulation resistance of 1010Ω minimum and a low contact resistance of less than 100mΩ. These devices are ideally

• Hermetically sealed switch contacts are not affected by and have no effect on their external environment • Zero operating power required for contact closure • Excellent for switching microcontroller logic level loads

Voltage Range

SBT200xx

Tone Type

30Vpp

N/A

SBT5LM0xx

3.3 to 5 VDC

Continuous

SBT12LMxx

9 to 12 VDC

Continuous

2.8Vpp

N/A

MSS5M0

4.5 to 5.5VDC

Continuous

SBT5LM1PC

3.3 to 5 VDC

SBS Series of IEC 60601-1-8 Alarms

3 Priority

Part Number SBS300xx

Voltage Range

Tone Type

2.8Vpp

N/A

MSS5MMG

4.5 to 5.5VDC

3 Priority

SBT12LM1PC

9 to 12 VDC

3 Priority

MSS5MMx

4.5 to 5.5VDC

Melody

SBT5LMMxxx

3.3 to5 VDC

Melody

SBS12M0xx

9 to 12VDC

Continuous

Melody

SBS12M1PC

9 to 12VDC

3 Priority

SBS12LMMxxx

9 to 12VDC

Melody


SBT12LMMxxx

9 to 12 VDC

World’s Smallest Low Noise Current Sensing Resistor FEATURES

FEATURES

BENEFITS

Part Number

The SBS series features a larger speaker enabling sound levels of 100dB at 10cm, which makes them useful where louder sound levels are needed, such as operating rooms. These cUL approved IEC 60601-1-8 alarms are available in a 44.5 x 14.3mm package (either PC pins or flange mount w/wires) and with or without circuitry. The devices with circuitry have a 9 to 12 operating voltage range, and continuous tone, 3 priority tones, or medical melody tones options.

Note: "x" or "xx" or "xxx" denotes that multiple variations are possible with the base part number. See literature for details.

suited to position, proximity, float position sensing for liquid level, industrial controls, office equipment, home appliances, and telecom applications.

• Capable of switching 200VDC or 0.5A at up to 10W • Normally open switch • Low close/open hysteresis (close differential)

SBT Series of IEC 60601-1-8 Alarms

Tone Type

MSS300R

Small Profile, 14mm Reed Switches with Close Differential

MACD-14 and MASM-14 sub-miniature reed switches are ideally suited to position, proximity and float position sensing for liquid level measurement and industrial controls.

The SBT series features a piezoelectric transducer, so these cUL approved IEC 60601-1-8 alarms are ideal for handheld battery applications or where low power is needed such as when internal back-up power is required. Available in a 44.5 x 14.3mm package (either PC pins or flange mount w/wires) and a 90dB at 10cm sound level, these alarms are available with or without circuitry. The devices with circuitry offer two operating voltage ranges of 3.3VDC to 5VDC and 9VDC to 12VDC . Tone types include continuous, 3 priority tones (general melody), and the other medical melody tones per IEC 60601-1-8.

APPLICATIONS • Position sensing • Level sensing • Security • Industrial controls • Office equipment • Home appliances

In high frequency electronics, unwanted noise added by the components themselves can become a significant issue. In order to address this, Susumu offers longer side terminal low resistance chip current sensing resistors. Their equivalent series inductance is so small that the signal integrity is preserved without adding extra noise. Susumu’s current sensors are also known to be the best in market in heat distribution and heat dissipation. Reduced Noise


APPLICATIONS

• Smallest for wattage • Excellent heat dissipation • Low ESL – low noise • Excellent current-surge tolerance • Offered in sizes: 0402-4320 • Resistance range 1mΩ to 100Ω • Resistance tolerance as low as ±0.5% • RoHS compliant • Offered in two configurations – longer and shorter side terminal 35 Temperature Increase Per Watt (°C/W)

Metal Line Switches with Multicolor Illumination and Variable Input Voltage

made through additive color mixing. As soon as the 2 or 3 wires are supplied with the applied voltage at the same time, the result is a mixed color. The traffic light colors of red, green and yellow (RGY) for status indication are also available as a standard version.

• Any application that requires current sensing raw resistance resistors such as protection and control circuits


Temperature Increase by Power (°C/W)

30 Long-side terminal: Competitor’s

25 20

Short-side terminal: RL1220S-R10-F

15

Long-side terminal: PRL1220-R10-F

10 5 0

Picture 1 with shortside terminal

16


Picture 2 with long-side terminal


1

2

3 4 Applied Power (W)

5

6

17

DESIGN NOTE

DESIGN NOTE

Keep Your Factory Automation Humming! By: Peter Stonard, Technical Marketing Manager, NXP Semiconductors

How to Achieve ‘Zero’ Stand-By Power Consumption in an Offline AC/DC Converter By: Giacomo Mercadante, Mirko Sciortino and Vittorio Giammello, STMicroelectronics

Regardless of the application or size, all industrial systems that incorporate electronic controls or monitoring face a similar problem – how do signals flow between sections, under harsh factory conditions? One established solution is also the most simple: a two-wire slow speed digital bus, called I2C.

Regulations which are in place today, or which are set to come into force in the near future, are forcing manufacturers of electronic equipment to reduce stand-by power consumption in devices sold in almost every developed region of the world. Many kinds of appliances sit in an idle state most of the time. Today, they normally waste energy simply because the user doesn't turn off the mechanical switch, leaving the connection with the mains power line open.

Perhaps the heart of your system is a metal enclosure, rugged, and ready for the factory floor? Or, the pieces of your system are spread out, and interconnected with electrical cables? Perhaps you need to know about the real world, with limit switches or temp sensors? Or, a human operator is reading your data on displays, and pressing buttons manually. In all of these cases the major components must be interconnected in a reliable and simple way, to keep down costs and improve reliability. The I2C bus, and the vast array of available direct connect I2C bus components, is a sure solution to your interconnect needs. Although the I2C bus has been around for a long time (back to the 1980s), it remains a popular answer to today’s slow speed (up to 1MHz) digital data interconnections, and uses only two wires (clock and data). There are LCD and LED controllers, temp sensors, and GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output to read many single switches or LEDs), plus when the bus must go further than the originally intended single or small cluster of PCBs there are bus buffers to boost the signal. An important hurdle in system design, which is often built around a specific core (CPU, MPU), is the fear of running out of IO ‘pins’ or channels. GPIO is a handy solution, offering the designer many new pins by extending the existing I2C bus with one or more GPIO devices. Better yet, the latest offering of GPIOs operate directly from low voltage IO pins on today’s CPUs and MPUs. An often overlooked but important feature of industrial systems is time keeping, important because as data moves around, the timestamp has to remain valid and accurate. With an accurate and stable Real-Time Clock (RTC) that consumes little power, uses minimal board space and has a local battery backup, savvy designers will save the day in the event of utility power loss.

Over the life of the I2C specification, many electronic components have been introduced with much lower supply and signal voltage requirements; in particular, more powerful CPUs and MCUs operate from one to two volts instead of the five volts in vogue when I2C was invented. The NXP I2C catalog includes many voltage level translators to bridge these disparate needs. For those harsh industrial systems there is something new, a more robust interconnection using the same protocol combined with the known reliable addition of differential signaling – called dI2C. Take a look at PCA9614, the easy way to upgrade I2C in an electrically noisy application. We’ve refreshed some of the first components designed for I2C connections, such as the ubiquitous LM75 temp sensor, which is replaced by the lower cost and better accuracy PCT2075.

Now, however, there is a solution which solves this problem without having to change the behavior of the user: the Zero Power mode in the VIPer0P, an offline AC/DC converter from STMicroelectronics. Its clever on/off management enables extremely low input power consumption even when appliances are connected to the mains in an idle state. In fact, as soon as the equipment completes its working cycle, it can be automatically turned off and immediately switched on again only when required. The control of the Zero Power mode is automatic with a microcontroller, or manual using a tactile low voltage button or remote-control system. In fact, thanks to the VIPer0P’s Zero Power mode, mechanical switches can be eliminated, saving bill of materials cost. A simplified block diagram of the VIPer0P converter is shown in Figure 1. It consists of an 800V MOSFET with on-resistance rated at 20Ω, and a fixed frequency current mode PWM controller with overcurrent protection. It operates at a jittered fixed frequency, reducing EMI filtering requirements.

Popular I2C devices for industrial systems are below: Application

NXP Part Number

DIFFERENTIAL BUS DRIVER

PCA9614DP, 118

LCD DISPLAY DRIVER

PCF8553DTT/AJ

LED CONTROLLER

PCA9955BTWJ

I2C BUS BUFFER

PCA9617ADPJ

I C GPIO

PCAL6408APWJ

LEVEL TRANSLATOR

GTL2002DP, 118

REAL-TIME CLOCK

PCF85263AT/AJ

2

Two different part numbers are available: the ‘L’ version is optimized for a 60kHz switching frequency, and the ‘H’ version for 120kHz. The user can choose the frequency which best balances efficiency and transformer size. The VIPer0P is also equipped with a light load management scheme which ensures it achieves good efficiency even when supplying a load as small as a few milliamps. In the steady state, the IC supports either self-supply or an external supply. Since it has a wide input voltage range of 5V to 30V, it can operate from an

18


Zero Power Mode for Stand-By Operation A key feature of the VIPer0P IC is its Zero Power mode, an idle state in which the device is totally shut down, the output voltage is zero, and the residual power consumption from the mains is kept below 4mW at 230V AC (see Table 1). All the IC’s functional blocks are turned off except those needed to exit the mode. Microcontroller management of the operation of the Zero Power mode is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: The operation of Zero Power mode may be managed by a microcontroller

An evaluation kit, the STEVAL-ISA174V1, shows that a power supply with a built-in VIPer0P easily meets the demand of energy regulations such as the European Union’s Code of Conduct for the efficiency of external power supplies, and the IEC 62301 standard for zero power consumption in stand-by mode. Moreover, the evaluation kit demonstrates pre-compliance with IEC standards for EMC, EMI, surge current, burst-mode current, and in-application ESD. The evaluation board implements a non-isolated flyback topology, delivering about 7W across a dual output: 800mA on the -5V output, 400mA on the +7V output. It uses the VIPer0P L version. Values for the light-load and no-load power consumption of the equivalent single output 12V/6.8W converter are shown in Table 1. Its active mode efficiency, which is defined as the average of the efficiencies measured at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of maximum load, is 81.6% at a nominal 115V AC input voltage, and 81.5% at 230V AC. This means that the single output equivalent converter complies with the EU Code of Conduct and with US Department of Energy standards.

Figure 1: Simplified block diagram of the VIPer0P AC/DC converter To buy products or download data, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

external supply even when the output voltage is as low as 5V. The upper limit of 30V accommodates large variations in the auxiliary voltage, thus giving the user flexibility in the selection of a transformer.


Output power (mW)

0

25

50

250

Zero Power Mode

Input power (mW) at 115V AC

6.5

44.9

82.2

346.2

0.8

Input power (mW) at 230V AC

9.1

48.7

87.7

377.1

3.5

Table 1: Power consumption of the VIPer0P for various loads


19

TECHNICAL VIEW

TECHNICAL VIEW

Power MOSFETs and IGBTs: Not So Simple After All By: David DeLeonardo, Analog Specialist AE, Future Electronics

Drain

N-Ch Type

Drain

N-Ch Type

D_idb

Cdg Gate Rds

Gate

Cgs

Gate

Source Source

Figure 1: Simplified MOSFET model

Figure 2: MOSFET schematic symbols

20

Emitter

Figure 4: Simplified IGBT model

In Figure 3, just as in the case of the MOSFET model above, there are two parasitic capacitances that substantially affect IGBT performance. Here, they are Ccg and Cge, respectively. Now, unlike the MOSFET where the conductive path can be modeled by a resistor, here the conductive path is a PNP structure that transitions from a high impedance in the OFF state to a saturation voltage Vce(sat) in the ON state.

Critical MOSFET and IGBT Performance Parameters While good MOSFET and IGBT datasheets can have well over 25 electrical parameters, here we will limit our discussion to the most critical parameters that must be considered for nearly every application. Where possible, we will compare and contrast the MOSFET and IGBT parameters “in tandem”. 1. MOSFET Vds & IGBT Vce(max): For the MOSFET, the Vds is the maximum voltage between the drain (+) and the source (-) that the device is rated to withstand in the OFF state. Vce(max) is the analogous spec for the IGBT. There is some temperature dependency here, so care must be taken to account for the thermal effects of transients. Units are in volts measured across the drain source or collector emitter terminals. 2. MOSFET RDS(ON) & IGBT Vce(sat) : For the MOSFET, RDS(ON) is the Drain-to-Source ON State resistance. Units are in ohms measured across the drain - source terminals. This parameter has a POSITIVE temperature coefficient which allows MOSFETs to load share very easily when connected in parallel. For the IGBT, Vce(sat) is the saturation voltage when the device is in the ON state. Units are in volts measured across the collector emitter terminals. Vce(sat) has a NEGATIVE temperature coefficient which means it is hard to get IGBTs to load share in parallel configurations. This also makes them subject to thermal runway. However, Vce(sat) does NOT increase substantially for increasing current, which is one of the IGBTs main performance advantages over MOSFETS/IGBTs.

Figure 5: MOSFET/IGBT driver circuit

A MOSFET/IGBT drive circuit is often “asymmetric” in that it presents very different impedances in the ON mode vs. the OFF mode. That is, when PWM is high, current is driven through R1 to turn on the MOSFET/IGBT. To turn it OFF, PWM goes low and current is pulled through R2. R1 is usually substantially greater than R2 since the ON time is often “throttled back” to control EMI while there is a need to hold the gate low against the Miller Capacitance effect.

4. I _ave and I_Pulse: These are the drain/collector average and pulse currents, respectively, that the power device can sustain in the ON state under a set of defined conditions including gate drive voltage, case temperature and test current duty cycle. Units are in amps. This parameter is limited by junction temperature and, subsequently, the thermal impedance and RDS(ON) /Vce(sat) of the device. 5. Maximum Power: This is a measure of the maximum power the device can dissipate


The most common cause of power MOSFET and IGBT device failure is running the die at an excessive temperature. To avoid this, it is important to consider two critical design concepts. These are Safe Operating Area (SOA) and Transient Thermal Response.

Transient Thermal Response is the effect that transients load currents have on the die temperature in raising it from its “DC” value towards, but hopefully not beyond, it’s safe thermal limiting value. Here, the relevant graph has a family of curves where each curve corresponds to pulse duration. See Figure 7. Ztr: (K/Watt)

§ = 0.6 0=5

Power MOSFET/IGBT safe operating area for a range of voltage and current conditions

Vds, Vde (Volts)

Figure 6: Safe operating area

In Figure 6, the power device Safe Operating Area for a range of conditions is shown. There are three distinct regions. At the far right, the device is limited by its ability to dissipate the average power + the pulse power. In the middle region, the device is strictly current limited. In the region on the left, the device is not thermally limited, but rather is functionally limited by voltages induced by excessive currents, which in turn, would cause operational problems.

0=4

10-1

Note: Every curve is for a different Pulse Duty Cycle § ratio

0=3 0=2

T

10-2 0=1

§ = tp/T

tp 10-3

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

time 10-1

tpulse - (seconds)

10-0

Figure 7: Power device transient thermal response

As MOSFET and IGBT devices continue to evolve, their relative advantages with respect to one another will shift over time. However, due to their respective strengths and weaknesses, some generalities are likely to apply for some time to come. In Figure 9, we see that there are four regions where one device or the other is fairly dominant. While the edges of these regions are always somewhat in flux, their broad outlines are not. For the region in the middle that is bounded by the other for regions, specific priorities of the application at hand are what tips selection one way or the other. Maximum Voltage Vds or Vce

MOSFET vs IGBT: Regions of Application Advantage Where Switching Frequency and Voltage Parameters Dominate

IGBTs dominate here

To use a “Transient Thermal Response” graph, follow these simple steps. First, calculate the peak power through the power device during the transient by multiplying the peak current and voltage values. Then determine the pulse duration and duty cycle. (tp, T & “§”, respectively). Next, locate the t p of your test pulse on the X-Axis and follow a vertical line from that point up to the appropriate “§” curve on the chart. From that intersection point, follow a horizontal line over to the vertical “Y” axis to determine the “Ztr” for the particular device under your given transient conditions. Now, multiply the Peak Power value of the transient that you calculated earlier by the “Ztr” value you just found from the graph. The product of these two terms is the value, in Kelvins or “°C” of the thermal transient induced in the die by the load transient. Finally, to get the resulting Peak Die Temperature, this transient temperature value must be added to the pre-transient “DC” value.

Pu lse Pu =s Pu lse ho lse rte =s =s st DC ho ho rte op rte r era r tio n

This region is limited by device maximum power dissipation limit.

Power Device Transient Thermal Response

Note: the units of Ztr are in (K/Watt)

Ids/Ice Max Limited

Pu lse =

When to Use Which Device MOSFETs vs. IGBTs

10°

Safe Operating Area can be thought of as the range or set of voltage and current values across which a given device under given conditions can be expected to operate without failure. Often, a family of curves will be presented together with a range of load current pulse conditions represented. See Figure 6.

Vds, Vde MAX limited

Again, at the simplest level, an IGBT can be thought of as a MOSFET driving a PNP Bipolar transistor. Here, the MOSFET gate acts to pull current from the base of the PNP transistor thereby turning it ON. Thus, the IGBT is something of a voltage dependent current source. As in the case of the MOSFET model above, the MOSFET inside the IGBT has similar input capacitances that affect performance.

Emitter

Figure 3: Simplified IGBT model

This region is limited by maximum current limit.

A Simplified IGBT Model

Cgs

while its case is held to a given temperature. Units are in watts. It is an indication of the thermal impedance of the package and the thermal limitations of the device material. It is measured at a specified set of conditions such as Vgs/Vge= 10V, Ids/Ice= 10A, case = 25°C. 6. Vth for MOSFETs: This is the Vgs at which the channel resistance (Rds) has decreased from fully OFF to within a specified percentage of its fully ON value. Units are in volts measured across the gate - source terminals. For IGBTs, this is the Vge at which the device is fully in saturation such that Vce is at a minimum. Units are in volts measured across the collector emitter terminals. Test conditions such as Ids/Ice, Vds/Vce, Vgs/Vge are given in the data sheet. Key Application Points

This region is limited by RDS(ON) or Vce(sat) respectively. This is an operational, rather than thermal, limit.

In Figure 1, the resistance (Rds) is a function of the gate - source voltage. However, internal parasitic capacitance between the terminals, represented by Cgs & Cdg, must also be considered. There is also an “intrinsic” body diode that is effectively in parallel with the drain-source channel. This diode has generally very poor performance characteristics in that it is relatively slow to turn off and has a high forward voltage, so for high performance applications, a separate “fast recovery” diode must be added in parallel with the FET.

Gate

Gate

Gate

3. Qg in both MOSFETs & IGBTs: This is a measure of the total charge needed to raise the gate to its full rated Vgs or “ON” voltage. Units are in nCoulobs. In the past, values were only given for Cgs/Cge and Cdg/Ccg which, along with Vth (threshold voltage) and the MOSFET drain/IGBT collector voltage, collectively determine Qg. These two internal capacitances are very influential in determining the dynamic behavior of the MOSFET/IGBT. For example, Cdg/Ccg, also known as the Miller Capacitance, provides “negative feedback” to the Gate, especially during fast switching events. Thus, when trying to turn the FET/IGBT ON by raising the gate voltage, the voltage at the drain/collector will fall very quickly. This, in turn, will pull charge away from the Vgs/Vge via the Cds/Ccg and thus tend to turn the device OFF again. Care must be taken in the drive circuit to see that there is sufficiently low impedance present to hold the gate ON against this effect. Further, Cgs/Cge has the effect of slowing down changes in Vgs and thus changes in the channel resistance. This, in turn, slows down the switching of the MOSFET/IGBT and increases switching losses.

Maximum Device Current (Amps)

A Simplified MOSFET Model At the simplest level, a MOSFET can be thought of as a voltage dependent resistor. Referring to Figure 1 below, the voltage between the gate and the source determines the resistance between the drain and the source. However, we must consider a number of other elements in order to arrive at a useful conceptual model of any MOSFET component.

Collector

Collector Ccg

Ids/Ice (Amps)

Power MOSFETs and IGBTs are actually fairly complex devices with a number of parameters that must be well understood to properly apply them. In this article, we will review the important operational parameters and key application issues for each device. We will then compare and contrast the performance and applicability of MOSFETs vs. IGBTs and discuss when to use one vs. the other.

Present Day Performance Envelope MOSFETs vs IGBTs

1000

100

IGBTs

10

MOSFETs

0

350

700

1050

1400

1750

2100

2450

2800

3150

3500

3850

4200

4550

Maximum Holdoff Voltage (Volts)

Figure 8: Present day performance envelope

Recent device design and process improvements have greatly expanded the ”performance envelope” for both MOSFETs and IGBTs. For the most part, IGBTs retain their voltage and current magnitude advantage. Of course application requirements will militate in favor of one over the other.


1200V

TDB area

IGBTs dominate here

MOSFETs dominate here

Selection dependent on application considerations

350V

MOSFETs dominate here

30

Required Switching Frequency: KHz

120

Figure 9: MOSFET vs. IGBT

20A

Device Current (Amps)

Crossover Point >

SF

MO

r ea

Lin

ve sti

-

fD

eo

tur

na

IGBT saturates with very steep current vs. voltage curve

l

ne

an

h SC

i

es

or

et

du

s

tv

en

urr

C ET

s)

Vd

e(

ag

lt Vo

IGBT minimum conduction voltage ~0.6 to 0.8

Device Voltage (Vds vs. Vce)

1.2

Figure 10: MOSFET vs. Voltage

In Figure 10, we compare the voltage vs. current transfer function for MOSFETs & IGBTs. Due to the linear nature of the drain-source conductive channel in the ON state, MOSFETs have a linear transfer function. However, when an IGBT is in the ON state, there is a three layer bipolar (PNP) structure in saturation and thus its curve is non-linear and very steep above a certain Vce(sat) voltage. Therefore, there is a “crossover” point above which higher device currents will result in lower losses in the IGBT than in the MOSFET. The value of this “crossover” point is changing with yearly process and design improvements for each device.


21

ANALOG CORNER

ANALOG CORNER

Analog Data Converters/Codecs

Power Regulation, Conversion and Management

MCP48FVB02: Digital-to-Analog Converters with Memory and SPI Interface MCP48FVB02 is a dual channel 8-bit, voltage output digital-to-analog converter with volatile memory and an SPI compatible serial interface. This device provides four different voltage reference options: device VDD, external VREF (buffered or unbuffered) and internal bandgap. It offers high AC performance, low power consumption and fast settling time, which makes it suitable for consumer and industrial applications, such as set point control, offset adjustment and sensor calibration applications, and portable instrument. It is part of the 8-, 10- and 12-bit resolution DAC family, MCP48FxBxx, that offers integrated EEPROM or volatile memory and SPI interface.

Analog Signal Chain

MCP9600: Thermocouple EMF to Temperature Converter

FAN49101: 2A, 1.8MHz, TinyPower™ I2C Buck-Boost Regulator

• 8-bit resolutions • 7.8µs settling time • Unity or 2x output gain options • 380µA (max) power consumption in normal operation • SPI Interface • Rail-to-rail output • External VREF (buffered or unbuffered) or internal bandgap (1.22V) • Power-down modes • 2.7V to 5.5V single-supply operation • 10-lead MSOP package

The FAN49101 is a high efficiency buck-boost switching mode regulator which accepts input voltages either above or below the regulated output voltage. Using full-bridge architecture with synchronous rectification, the FAN49101 is capable of delivering up to 2A while regulating the output at 3.4V. The FAN49101 exhibits seamless transition between step up and step down modes reducing output disturbances. The output voltage and operation mode of the regulator can be programmed through an I2C interface.

FEATURES

The MCP9600 is fully integrated thermocouple Electromotive Force (EMF) to degree Celsius converter, with integrated cold-junction compensation. The MCP9600 provides user-programmable registers, adding design flexibility for various temperature sensing applications. The registers allow user-selectable settings, such as, low power modes for battery-powered applications, adjustable digital filter for fast transient temperatures and four individually programmable temperature alert outputs, which can be used to detect multiple, temperature zones.

Interface

FEATURES

PTN5100: Industry’s First USB-IF Compliant Type-C PD-PHY PTN5100 is a single port USB Type-C power delivery (PD) PHY and Protocol IC that provides Type-C configuration channel interface and USB PD physical and protocol layer functions to a system PD port policy controller (policy engine and device policy manager, alternate mode controller). It complies with USB PD and Type-C specifications and delta updates of PD spec. PTN5100 is architected to deliver robust performance, compliant behavior, configurability and system implementation flexibility that are essential to tide over interoperability and compliance hurdles in the platform applications.

ISL80030/31A: 3A Synchronous Buck Converters in 2 x 2 DFN Package

• Integrated cold-junction compensation • ±1.5°C (max.) measurement accuracy • Four programmable temperature alert outputs • 1 to 128 temperature samples burst mode • 500μA (typical) operating current • 2μA (typical) shutdown current • Supported K, J, T, N, S, E, B and R types or thermocouples • 0.0625°C (typical) hot and cold-junctions temperature measurement resolution • Programmable digital filter for temperature • I2C™ compatible 2-wire interface • 2.7V to 5.5V operating voltage range • 20-lead MQFN package

The ISL80030, ISL80030A, ISL80031 and ISL80031A are highly efficient, monolithic, synchronous step down DC/ DC converters that can deliver up to 3A of continuous output current from a 2.7V to 5.5V input supply. They use peak current mode control architecture to allow very low duty cycle operation. These devices operate at either 1MHz or 2MHz switching frequency, thereby providing superior transient response and allowing for the use of small inductors. They also have excellent stability.

MPM3682: 18V 10A Step Down Power Module in 12 x 12 x 4mm QFN

FEATURES • Complies with USB PD and USB Type-C specifications • Supports Type-C role configurability (DFP, UFP, DRP) • 1A maximum current delivery over 2.7V to 5.5V • 3.3V VDD or VBUS power supplies • Tolerant up to 28V on VBUS • 5.5V tolerant CC1 and CC2 pins • Deliver up to 30mA power for policy controller MCU • Supports I2C and SPI slave interface • ESD 8kV HBM, 1kV CDM • 4 x 4 x 0.5mm HVQFN20 package

The MPM3682 is an easy-to-use fully integrated 10A step down DC/DC power module. It integrates the DC/ DC converter, power inductor, input/output capacitors and the necessary resistors/capacitors in a compact QFN 12 x 12 x 4mm package. This total power solution needs as few as two external components (one resistor and one capacitor) to work. MPM3682 can deliver 10A output current over a wide input supply voltage range with excellent load and line regulation. It implements Constant-On-Time (COT) control to provide fast transient response and ease the loop stabilization.

FEATURES • 24µA typical PFM quiescent current • 11.61mm2 total layout area • I2C compatible interface • Automatic/seamless step up and step down mode transitions • 0.5µA typical shutdown current • Above 95% efficiency • 2.5V to 5.5V input voltage range • 1.8MHz fixed-frequency operation in PWM mode • Forced PWM and automatic PFM/PWM mode selection • Low quiescent current pass-through mode

FEATURES • 35µA quiescent current (ISL80031/A) • Up to 95% peak efficiency • Negative current protection • Power-good and enable • Internal soft start and soft stop • 1MHz or 2MHz switching frequency • Overcurrent and short circuit protection • Over-temperature/thermal protection • 100% duty cycle • VIN under-voltage lockout and VOUT over-voltage protection

FEATURES • Complete 10A DC-to-DC solution • 1% reference voltage over 0˚C to 70˚C range • Adaptive COT control for ultrafast transient response • Support pre-bias start-up • Non-latch OCP, OVP and thermal shutdown • 2.5V to 18V input voltage range with external 5V bias • 0.65V to 5V adjustable output • 200KHz to 1MHz programmable switching frequency • Programmable soft start time with default 3ms • 12 x 12 x 4mm QFN-57 package

Sensors

Power Regulation, Conversion and Management AP65352/353: 3A Adaptive COT Synchronous DC-DC Buck Converters The AP65352/353 is an adaptive, constant on-time mode synchronous buck converter providing high efficiency, excellent transient response and high DC output accuracy for low voltage regulation. The constant ontime control scheme handles wide input/output voltage ratios and provides low external component count. The internal proprietary circuit enables the device to adopt both low equivalent series resistance (ESR) output capacitors, such as SP-CAP or POSCAP and ultra-low ESR ceramic capacitors.

CCS811: Ultra-Low Power Digital Gas Sensor for Monitoring Indoor Air Quality

FEATURES • Fixed frequency emulated constant on-time control • Good stability independent of the output capacitor ESR • Built-in overcurrent limit • Built-in over-voltage protection • Built-in thermal shutdown protection • 4.5V to 18V input voltage range • 0.76V to 6V output voltage range • 3A continuous output current • 650kHz switching frequency • Programmable soft start

CAMBRIDGE

CMOS

The CCS811 is an ultra-low power digital gas sensor solution which integrates a metal oxide (MOX) gas sensor for monitoring indoor air quality (IAQ) including carbon monoxide (CO) and a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a microcontroller unit (MCU), a analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and an I2C interface. It is based on Cambridge CMOS sensors’ unique micro-hotplate technology which enables a highly reliable solution for gas sensors, very fast cycle times and a significant reduction in average power consumption compared with traditional metal oxide gas sensors.

FEATURES • IAQ gas sensor • Integrated MCU and ADC • Optimized low power modes • Proven technology platform •