MLA CITATION STYLE GUIDE

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Always provide issue numbers, when available. Author(s). ... information or otherwise modified information, like domain
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MLA CITATION STYLE GUIDE as simplified from Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used for writing papers and citing sources within liberal arts and humanities courses. This guide will offer general guidelines in creation of a works cited list as well as examples of source citations. General Guidelines: Double space the body of your paper with a simple font that is easy to read such as Times New Roman. Font size should be 12 pt. Leave only one space after periods and other punctuation marks. Set margins to one inch on all sides. Start the first line of a new paragraph with a half inch (5 spaces) indentation. Create a header that numbers your pages consecutively in the upper right hand of the paper in line with the right margin. See https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/ for formatting the first page of your paper

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MLA Works Cited page format guidelines: According to MLA style, you must have a Works Cited page at the end of your research paper. All entries in the Works Cited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text.

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/05/ Begin your Works Cited page on a new separate page at the end of your research paper. Label the page Works Cited but do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks. Center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between citation entries. Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations by half an inch. This is called a hanging indent. List page numbers with source citations efficiently. For example, if a journal article appeared on pages 225-250, list the numbers in the citation as 225-50. Determine the Medium of Publication for each entry. Most entries will be listed as either Print or Web sources. URLs (web addresses) are no longer required for citations. However, if your teacher does require them, include them in angle brackets < > after the entry and end with a period. For long URLs break lines only as slashes. Articles cited from an online database should list the database name in italics. Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc., but do not capitalize the articles (the, a, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless it is the first word of the title or subtitle. Use italics (instead of underlining) for titles of larger sources such as books and magazines. Use quotation marks for titles of shorter sources such as poems or magazine articles.

On the following pages are various source types with example of the citations.

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PRINT CITATIONS BOOKS: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/

Gather the following bibliographic information for book sources: Book title Publication date Publisher Place of publication The medium of publication for all print books is Print. Generally bibliographic information can be found on the title page and the back of the title page. Books with one author Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. example: Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, 1999. Print.

Books with two authors The first author is listed last name, first name, but additional author names are listed first name, last name. example: Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print.

Books with three or more authors List only the first author followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for “and others”). example: Wysocki, Anne Frances, et al. Writing New Media: Theory and Applications for Expanding the Teaching of Composition. Logan: Utah State UP, 2004. Print. For examples of books by corporate authors or books with no authors go to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/

4 Article in a Reference book such as single encyclopedia or dictionary Cite the source as you would for a book but do not include publisher information. example: "Ideology." The American Heritage Dictionary. 3rd ed. 1997. Print.

Multivolume Work such as a volume of an encyclopedia set When citing only one volume of a multivolume set, include the volume number after the article title or after the work’s editor (ed.) or (trans.). example: Quintilian. Institutio Oratoria. Trans. H. E. Butler. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Loeb-Harvard UP, 1980. Print.

Periodicals (magazines, newspapers, journals, etc.) https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/07/ When citing a periodical, the author is listed as with a book, lastname, firstname and the medium of web or print must also be used. Be sure to abbreviate the month of publication. Magazines Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication. example: Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71. Print. Newspapers Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured Patients." Washington Post 24 May 2007: LZ01. Print. Anonymous Article Cite the article title first, and finish the citation as you would any other for that kind of periodical. example: "Business: Global Warming's Boom Town; Tourism in Greenland." The Economist 26 May 2007: 82. Print.

5 Scholarly Journals Always provide issue numbers, when available.

Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication. example: Bagchi, Alaknanda. "Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 15.1 (1996): 4150. Print.

ELECTRONIC CITATIONS (web publications) https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/ When including the medium of publication for electronic sources, list the medium as Web. It is always a good idea to bookmark or save the electronic information with the URL to find it easier for future use. MLA does not require the use of URLs (web addresses) in the citation as they sometimes change or the documents appear in more than one location. Make sure to check with your teacher to see if he/she wants you to include the source URL in the citation. If so, place the URL in angle brackets, , after the date of access. Be sure to only break URLs after slashes. example: Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The Internet Classics Archive. Web Atomic and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept. 2007. Web. 4 Nov. 2008. ‹http://classics.mit.edu/›.

Below is a list of common information you should try to find when using electronic sources. Not all information can be found, but the more information you can find about the source, the more reliable, it tends to be. Author and/or editor names (if available) Article name in quotation marks (if applicable) Title of the Website, project, or book in italics. (Remember that some Print publications have Web publications with slightly different names. They may, for example, include the additional information or otherwise modified information, like domain names [e.g. .com or .net].) Any version numbers available, including revisions, posting dates, volumes, or issue numbers. Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date. Take note of any page numbers (if available). Medium of publication. Date you accessed the material. It is important to list the date accessed as some material changes with time on websites. URL (if required, or for your own personal reference; MLA does not require a URL).

6 Citing an entire website Remember to use n.p. if no publisher name is available and n.d. if no publishing date is given.

Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access. example: Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006. The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008. Web. 23 Apr. 2008.

Citing a page on a website example: "How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow. Demand Media, n.d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009.

Citing an image (including a picture, painting, sculpture) Be sure to provide the artist’s name, the work of art italicized, the date of creation, where the work is house (city or museum). The name of the website should be in italics and include the medium of publication (web or print) and the date of access. Klee, Paul. Twittering Machine. 1922. Museum of Modern Art, New York.The Artchive. Web. 22 May 2006.

Citing an article from an Online Database Cite online magazine or journal articles from databases just as you would the print version. Be sure to review the citation directions for print periodical articles. Additionally, you will need to provide the title of the database (italicized), the medium of publication (web), and date of access. example: Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. “Nature's Rotary Electromotors.”Science 29 Apr. 2005: 642-44. Science Online. Web. 5 Mar. 2009. For more citation examples go to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/

The next page offers an example works cited page and how it should appear. You can also find an example at the OWL Purdue https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/12/.

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Works Cited Lipson, Charles. Cite Right: A Quick Guide to Citation Styles – MLA, APA, Chicago, the Sciences, Professions, and More. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011, Print. Russell, Tony, Allen Brizee, and Elizabeth Angeli. "MLA Formatting and Style Guide." The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, 4 Apr. 2010. Web. 20 July 2010.