Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals - Blake Education

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May 20, 2016 - Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4 iii ..... 5. Let's go over your work!
Basic Skills

Basic Skills

Years 3– 4 Ages 8 –10 years old In this book you will find: ✓ A focus on the NAPLAN and Australian Curriculum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

topics: Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Sixty units of work covering these topics in depth Units packed with exercises Many challenging problem-solving questions NAPLAN-style test revision

This book will help your child excel in the Australian Curriculum and NAPLAN topics of Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals. Tips, explanations and numerous exercises are provided in each unit to ensure your child gains the necessary mastery of these important syllabus areas. Upon completing this book, your child will feel confident in these topics.

About the author Alan Horsfield and Elaine Horsfield have more than 60 years teaching experience between them in primary schools, ranging from the classroom to senior school management. Alan spent several years working at the UNSW Educational Testing Centre and is still involved in writing assessment programs. Elaine worked with secondary students as coordinator of the Talent Development Project. Alan is author of many Excel test practice books, including titles in the following series: NAPLAN*-style Tests; NAPLAN*-style Literacy Tests; NAPLAN*-style Numeracy Tests; Revise in a Month NAPLAN*-style Tests; Excel Test Zone NAPLAN*-style Test Packs; Opportunity Class Tests; and Selective Schools and Scholarship Tests.

Your own checklist for Excel books for Years 3–4 Ages 8–10 children: Bookseller reference 978-1-86441-274-1 978-1-86441-275-8 978-1-74125-166-1 978-1-74125-163-0 978-1-86441-282-6 978-1-86441-284-0 978-1-74020-046-2 978-1-86441-286-4 978-1-86441-288-8 978-1-74020-030-1 978-1-74020-050-9 978-1-74020-044-8

Books

Level

Core books: Excel Basic Skills English and Mathematics Excel Basic Skills English and Mathematics English books: Excel Basic Skills Basic Reading Skills Excel Basic Skills Building Your Vocabulary Skills Excel Basic Skills Spelling and Vocabulary Excel Basic Skills Grammar and Punctuation Excel Basic Skills Writing Skills Mathematics books: Excel Basic Skills Addition and Subtraction Excel Basic Skills Multiplication and Division Excel Basic Skills Times Tables 2 Excel Basic Skills Problem Solving Science book: Excel Basic Skills Science and Technology



Year 3 Year 4 Years Years Years Years Years

3–4 3–4 3–4 3–4 3–4

Years Years Years Years

3–4 3–4 3–4 3–4

Years 3–4 ISBN 978-1-74125-589-8

Excel Test Zone

Get the Results You Want!

Help your child prepare with our H * N -style and Australian Curriculum Tests. FREE NAPLAN www.exceltestzone.com.au *This isi nott an offi *Thi fficially i ll endorsed d publication of the NAPLAN program and is produced by Pascal Press independently of Australian governments.

Pascal Press PO Box 250 Glebe NSW 2037 (02) 8585 4044 www.pascalpress.com.au 9 781741 255898

Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals

3–4

Years

Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals

MONEY, TIME, FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS Years 3– 4 A ges 8 –10

Get the Results You Want!

Ages

8 –10

Sixty self-contained units Four Revision Tests Four NAPLAN-style Tests

t! n a W u o Y s lt u s e R Ge t t he

Alan Horsfield & Elaine Horsfield

9781741255898_EBS Money Time and Fractons Years 3-4 COVER.indd 1

20/05/2016 4:30 PM

Basic Skills

3–4

Years

Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals

Ages

8 –10

t! n a W u o Y s lt u s e R Ge t t he PASCAL PRESS Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 1

Alan Horsfield & Elaine Horsfield 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

© 2016 Alan Horsfield, Elaine Horsfield and Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Pascal Press PO Box 250 Glebe NSW 2037 (02) 8585 4044 www.pascalpress.com.au Publisher: Vivienne Joannou Project editors: Rosemary Peers and Mark Dixon Edited by Rosemary Peers Proofread by Barbara Bessant Answers checked by Peter Little Typeset by Grizzly Graphics (Leanne Richters) Printed by Green Giant Press Reproduction and communication for educational purposes The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this work, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or that body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to the Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited Level 15, 233 Castlereagh Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 Email: [email protected] Reproduction and communication for other purposes Except as permitted under the Act (for example, a fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review) no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission. All inquiries should be made to the publisher at the address above. The publisher thanks the Royal Australian Mint for granting permission to use Australian currency coin designs in this book.

Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 2

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Contents About this book..................................................................... iv Year 4

Year 3 Money 1 Counting money—mixed coins and notes...................... 1 2 Getting change in dollars................................................... 2 3 Getting change in coins..................................................... 3 4 Getting change in notes and coins................................... 4 5 Rounding up to the next 5c............................................... 5 6 Rounding up to the next 10c............................................. 6 7 Rounding down to the nearest 10c.................................. 7 8 Rounding down to the nearest 5c..................................... 8 9 Counting up change........................................................... 9 10 Rounding and counting up change.............................. 10

Money 31 Rounding up to the next 5c........................................... 35 32 Rounding up to the next 10c......................................... 36 33 Rounding down to the nearest 10c.............................. 37 34 Rounding down to the nearest 5c................................ 38 35 Counting up change....................................................... 39 36 Rounding and counting up change.............................. 40 37 Exchanging money......................................................... 41 38 Discounted purchases.................................................... 42 39 More on discounted purchases..................................... 43 40 Mixed purchases............................................................. 44

Time 11 Half-hours and quarter-hours...................................... 11 12 ‘Past’ and ‘to’ times......................................................... 12 13 Understanding minutes................................................. 13 14 Understanding 5-minute intervals............................... 14 15 Understanding 1-minute intervals............................... 15 16 Understanding seconds.................................................. 16 17 Understanding digital ‘past’ time................................. 17 18 Understanding digital ‘to’ time..................................... 18 19 Understanding day and night....................................... 19 20 Understanding 24-hour time........................................ 20

Time 41 Telling time in 1-minute intervals............................... 45 42 Understanding seconds.................................................. 46 43 Converting hours and minutes..................................... 47 44 Converting hours and days........................................... 48 45 Understanding digital ‘to’ time..................................... 49 46 Understanding digital time........................................... 50 47 Understanding day and night....................................... 51 48 Understanding am and pm........................................... 52 49 Understanding 24-hour time........................................ 53 50 Timetables and time zones............................................ 54

Fractions 21 Fraction relationships—halves...................................... 21 22 Fraction relationships—quarters.................................. 22 23 Fraction relationships—thirds...................................... 23 24 Fraction relationships—fifths....................................... 24 25 Fractions and wholes...................................................... 25 26 Fractions of objects......................................................... 26 27 Fractions and whole numbers....................................... 27 28 Fractions of quantities—thirds..................................... 28 29 Fractions of quantities—fifths...................................... 29 30 More on fractions and whole numbers....................... 30

Fractions and Decimals 51 Fractions and wholes...................................................... 55 52 Equivalent fractions........................................................ 56 53 Fractions and mixed numerals..................................... 57 54 Improper fractions and mixed numerals.................... 58 55 Fractions and whole numbers....................................... 59 56 Simplifying fractions...................................................... 60 57 Fractions on number lines............................................. 61 58 Number lines with decimals.......................................... 62 59 More on number lines with decimals.......................... 63 60 Counting with fractions and decimals......................... 64





Test 1................................................................................ 31 Test 2................................................................................ 32

Answers (lift-out section)...........................................A1–A8

Test 5................................................................................ 65 Test 6................................................................................ 66 Test 7 (NAPLAN-style)................................................. 67 Test 8 (NAPLAN-style)................................................. 68

Test 3 (NAPLAN-style)................................................. 33 Test 4 (NAPLAN-style)................................................. 34

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 3

iii

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

About this book A note to parents

• It is very important for students in the middle primary school years to have a wide variety of practical experience with money, to understand the relationship between time periods and durations, and to use fractions and decimals in real-life situations. • This book covers all material in the Australian Curriculum for the topics Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals (as stated below) but it also goes beyond the curriculum in Years 3 and 4 to provide extension work for students to excel at these topics in Years 5 and 6. • This book has been written to help students prepare for the NAPLAN Year 3 Test. Year 3 is the first of the NAPLAN years. This book will develop the skills necessary for students to achieve maximum results relative to their potential. • Parents may need to help students with reading the questions on some occasions. The Australian Curriculum states for the topics of Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals:

By the end of Year 3 students should be able to: Money • Represent money values in various ways • Correctly count out change to the nearest five cents from simple financial transactions Time • Tell time to the minute and investigate the relationship between units of time Fractions 1 1 1 1 • Model and represent unit fractions, including 2 , 4 , 3 , 5 and their multiples, to a complete whole. Note: this book covers the above material and more. Please see the contents page for a detailed list of the material covered in this book on these topics.

By the end of Year 4 students should be able to: Money • Solve simple purchasing problems • Solve problems involving purchases and the calculation of change to the nearest five cents with and without digital technologies Time • Solve problems involving time duration • Convert between units of time • Use am and pm notation and solve simple time problems Fractions and Decimals • Locate familiar fractions on a number line • Recognise common equivalent fractions in familiar contexts and make connections between fraction and decimal notations up to two decimal places • Investigate equivalent fractions used in different contexts • Count by quarters, halves and thirds, including with mixed numerals • Locate and represent these fractions on a number line. Note: this book covers the above material and more. Please see the contents page for a detailed list of the material covered in this book on these topics. iv

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 4

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

YEAR 3

UNIT

1

Counting money—mixed coins and notes

A tip to help you!  Count the coins and notes separately, then add them together to get the total. Don’t forget to put the dollar sign and decimal point.  1 Sammy has these coins. How much does Sammy have? Write your answer on the line. 

$

.

$

.

 2 Kent counted the notes he had saved. How much did Kent have?   3 Mum empties her purse onto the desk. How much does Mum have?   4 This is all Anne has left after going to the school fete. How much does Anne have left?   5 Let’s go over your work! a These are the coins Rhona had in her money box. How much did Rhona have?  b Brad has these notes. He exchanges them for one note. Which note does he receive?

 c Dad had this mixture of coins and notes. How much did Dad have?  d Brett has saved this money for a model truck which will cost $18. How much more does Brett need? e After a class cake stall Cindy checked her money. She found she had 3  50c coins, 6  20c coins, 11  10c coins and 9  5c coins. How much did Cindy have?  ☞

Answers on page A1

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Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

1

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

2

Getting change in dollars

A tip to help you!  The amount of money offered to pay for an item is called the tendered amount. To find the change take the cost of the item from the amount of money tendered. When it is a whole-dollar amount you can give your answer in whole dollars. Find the change after making a purchase with the amounts shown.  1 a

b

$3.00



Change

$

$13.00

 b

 2 a $11.00

Change

$

$

Change

$

Change

$

$4.00



 3 a

Change

b $15.00

$22.00

Change

$



 4 I have $60. I buy this skateboard. How much change do I get?

$52.00

$

 5 Let’s go over your work! How much change will you receive? a b $2.00

$24.00



Change

$



c $28.00

Change

d

$

Change

$

Change

$

$35.00



e Luke has $50. He buys this jacket for $35.

He should get a $

2 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 2

note and a $

note.

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A1

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

3

Getting change in coins

A tip to help you!  The amount of cents in dollar amounts is always two numbers, e.g. $5.00, $5.05. If the change is only in cents you can write just the number of cents, e.g. 50 cents. Find the change after making a purchase with the amounts shown.  1 a

b

$1.20

Change

2 3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

#

0

$4.50 Change

cents

b

 2 a $3.60 Change  3 a

cents

1

$4.90 cents b

20c

Change

cents $14.00

cents

 Change

$

 4 I have $2. I buy an ice-cream for 75 cents. Put a cross on the coins needed to give the correct change.

 5 Let’s go over your work! How much change will you receive? a b $1.30

$1.65

Change

Change

c d e



cents 

I have a $5 note. I buy a magazine for $1.50. How much change will I get?  Mr Young buys a pasta meal for $9.95. How much change will he get from $10?  Jack buys a toy boat. He pays with a $10 note. Put a cross on the coins needed to give the correct change.

Answers on page A1

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 3

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

$

$ $8.70

3

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

4

Getting change in notes and coins

A tip to help you!  The amount of cents in dollar amounts is always two numbers, e.g. $5.00, $5.05. Find the change after making a purchase with the amounts shown.  1 a

 2 a

b

90c

Change

$

$3.60  b

$3.80



Change

$

$15.50

b

Change

$

$

Change

$

Change

$

$12.50



 3 a

Change

$23.00



 4 I have $20. I buy a cinema ticket for $13.50. Put a cross on the coins needed to give the correct change.

 5 Let’s go over your work! How much change will you receive? a b

1 2

1

50c

Change

$

$10.80

3

4



3

2

6

5 7

8 #

9 0

Change

$

c I have two $10 notes. I buy a magazine for $15.50. How much change will I get?  $ d Mr Ohm has a $100 note. He pays $55 for petrol. Put a cross on the notes for the correct change.

e CDs cost $15 each. Jason buys three. Put a cross on the notes that will cover the cost.

4 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 4

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A1

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

5

Rounding up to the next 5c

The coin with the lowest value is the 5c coin. Other coins are all multiples of 5c. Any item that has a cost price ending in 3c or 4c is rounded up to the next 5c for cash purchases, e.g. if an item costs $1.24 you will pay $1.25 in cash. You cannot get 1c or 2c in change. A tip to help you!  Cash purchases must be rounded to the nearest 5c (or 10c). There are no 1c or 2c coins to give change for items that have a price that ends in 3c or 4c. You round up.

 1 A light bulb has a price tag of $2.63. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? Circle a letter. A $2.55 B $2.60 C $2.65 D $3.00  2 A muesli bar has a price tag of $1.44. How much would it cost using cash? Circle a letter. A $1.40 B $1.44 C $1.45 D $1.50  3 Ms Sharp purchases petrol that comes to $24.03 on the bowser display. If she pays cash for her purchase how much will she pay? 

$

 4 At the supermarket Mrs Leong buys a packet of biscuits for $1.24. She hands over $1.25 in cash. How much change will she get?   5 Let’s go over your work!

a Flyspray has a price tag of $11.94. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? Circle a letter. A $11.90 B $11.93 C $11.94 D $11.95



b Ice-cream has a price tag of $3.03. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? Circle a letter. A $3.00 B $3.05 C $3.10 D $3.30 c Mark buys this shirt. If he pays cash for his purchase how much will he pay? 

$15.03

$

d At the hardware store Grant buys a hammer for $9.95. He hands over a $10 note. How much change will he get?  e At the supermarket Sherri buys these items. At the checkout she hands over $5.20. How much change will she get? $3.13 ☞

Answers on page A1

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 5

$2.01

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

5

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

6

Rounding up to the next 10c

The coin with the lowest value is the 5c coin. Other coins are all multiples of 5c. Any item that has a cost price ending in 8c or 9c is rounded up to the next 10c, e.g. an item that costs $9.99 will cost you $10.00 in cash. You cannot get 1c in change. A tip to help you!  Cash purchases must be rounded to the nearest 5c (or 10c). There are no 1c or 2c coins to give change for items that have a price that ends in 8c or 9c. You round up.  1 Pyjamas have a price tag of $4.88. How much would they cost to purchase with cash? Circle a letter. A $4.85 B $4.90 C $4.95 D $5.00  2 A cooked chicken has a price tag of $9.48. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? Circle a letter. A $9.40 B $9.45 C $9.48 D $9.50  3 Mr Long purchased a second-hand book for $1.99. If he pays cash for his purchase how much will he pay? 

$

 4 At the deli Jessica buys some olives for $4.89. She hands over $5 in cash. Circle the coins she should receive in change.

 5 Let’s go over your work!

a A hot pie has a price tag of $3.38. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? Circle a letter. A $3.00 B $3.35 C $3.40 D $3.50



b Biros have a price tag of $1.49. How much would it cost to purchase two with cash? Circle a letter. A $2.95 B $2.98 C $2.99 D $3.00 c Rowan purchased a stapler for $3.98. If he pays cash using a $5 note, how much change should he get? 

$

d Georgia buys three jelly Crunchos for 66c each. She tenders a $2 coin. How much change will she get?  e At the supermarket Fran buys a blouse for $9.59. She hands over $10 at the checkout. Circle the coins she should receive in change.

6 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 6

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A1

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

7

Rounding down to the nearest 10c

Any item that has a cost price ending in 1c or 2c is rounded down to the previous 10c, e.g. you will pay $4.20 in cash for an item that costs $4.22. There is no change under 5c. You make a saving of 2c! A tip to help you!  Cash purchases must be rounded to the nearest 5c (or 10c). There are no 1c or 2c coins to give change for items that have a price that ends in 1c or 2c. You round down.  1 Janice bought a bag of Smarties priced at 82c. How much cash did Janice need to buy them?   2 The bananas Mr Johns buys come to a total of $8.71. How much cash does he need? Circle a letter. B $8.71 C $8.72 A $8.70

D $8.75

 3 The total of Mrs Tsang’s supermarket purchases come to $30.12. If she pays cash for her purchases how much will she pay? 

$

 4 At a market stall Mick buys some loose nuts for $3.72. He hands over two $2 coins. Circle the coins he should receive in change.

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Janis bought a bag of grapes priced at $1.02. How much cash would Janis need to pay for the grapes?  b The groceries Roy buys come to a total of $98.91. How much would they cost with cash? Circle a letter. A $98.00 B $98.90 C $98.95

$ D $99.00

c Sue buys two sweets for $1.31 each. If she pays cash for the sweets, how much will she pay? 

$

d At a market stall Keith buys some cherries for $3.91. He hands over $4 for his purchase. Put a cross on the change he should get.

e At the school fete Fran buys three cupcakes for a total of $4.11. How much will she be expected to pay?  ☞

Answers on page A1

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 7

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

$ 7

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

8

Rounding down to the nearest 5c

Any item that has a cost price ending in 6c or 7c is rounded down to the previous 5c, e.g. you will pay $9.55 in cash for an item that costs $9.56. There is no change under 5c. You make a saving of 1c! A tip to help you!  Cash purchases must be rounded to the nearest 5c (or 10c). There are no 1c or 2c coins to give change for items that have a price that ends in 6c or 7c. You round down.  1 Pete bought a bag of Choccos at the supermarket priced at 67c. How much cash would Pete need to pay for the Choccos?   2 The lamb chops Ms Yew buys come to a total of $12.37. How much would they cost if paid for with cash? Circle a letter. A $12.00 B $12.30 C $12.35 D $12.40  3 The total cost, with tax, of car repairs came to $130.96. If they are paid for with cash, how much will the repairs cost?

$



 4 At a fruit stall Simone buys some berries for $4.97. She tenders a $5 note. Put a cross on the change she should get.

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Lydia bought a bag of marshmallows priced at $1.67. How much cash would Lydia need to pay for them?  b Roy buys party decorations that come to a total of $13.16. How much would they cost with cash? Circle a letter. A $13.00 B $13.06 C $13.10

$ D $13.15

c Luke buys a model jet for $2.55. If he pays cash for the jet, how much will he pay? 

$

d At a show Karl buys some wrapped lollies for a total of $2.07. He hands over $2.10 for his purchase. Put a cross on the change he should get.

e Phyllis wants to purchase a string of beads at the school fete for $3.86. How much will she be expected to pay in cash?  8 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 8

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

$ ☞

Answers on page A1

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

9

Counting up change

Before calculators and computerised cash registers people actually had to count out change. It can still happen at markets and fetes. ‘Counting up’ ensures the correct change is given. Simply count up from the item cost to the amount tendered (given). So, for example, if a customer buys a pie for $2.70 with a $5 note you could give change by counting up. First, you would say ‘$2.70 (the price of the pie), $2.80, $3, $5 (the amount tendered)’. The coins involved would be 10c to $2.80, 20c to $3 and $2 to $5. The total change would therefore be $2.30. A tip to help you!  When counting up change, always start with the coin or note with the least value.  1 Look at the example above. Put a cross on the first coin given in the change.  2 At the school fete Ashlie has to give change from $10 for a $4 book. She does this by counting up. Put a cross on the first coin or note she gives to the customer.  3 A can of Kola costs $2.25. Glenn has to count up change to $5. What is the first coin he will use? Circle a letter. A 5c B 10c C 20c D 50c

E $1

 4 Marcus is given a $20 note for an item costing $5. What is the first note or coin Marcus will hand the customer as he counts out the change?   5 Let’s go over your work! a I have to give change from $4 for $2.50 by counting up. Put a cross on the first coin I give in the change. b At the Sunday market Denni has to give change from $20 for a $6 book. She does this by counting up. Put a cross on the first coin or note she gives to the customer. c An ice-cream costs 80c. Aaron has to count up change to $5. What is the first coin he will use? Circle a letter. B 10c C 20c D 50c A 5c

E $1

d In question c above what is the last coin Aaron will give to the customer? A 5c B 10c C 20c D $1

E $2

e Elsie is given a $50 note for an item costing $15. What is the first note Elsie will hand the customer as she counts out the change?  ☞

Answers on page A1

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 9

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

9

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

10

Rounding and counting up change

A tip to help you!  When counting up change, always start with the coin or note with the least value. It is wise to say aloud what you are doing. Start with the item price and add up to the amount the customer tenders.  1 At the school fete cupcakes are 38c each. A customer buys one and pays $1. Julie has to give change. What is the first coin she gives the customer? A 5c B 10c C $1 D 50c  2 Dad pays with a $10 note for $8.61 worth of mower fuel at a petrol bowser. What is the first coin he will receive in the change that is counted out? A 5c B 10c C 20c D 50c  3 Rob has $5 to buy this cap at a church fete. When his change is counted out what is the last coin counted into his hand? 

E $1

$1.79

 4 Mr Grimm buys petrol at a bowser. It costs $31.44. He gets change from $35. Which coin in his change has the highest value?    5 Let’s go over your work! a At the street cake stall Anne buys three ANZAC biscuits for 81c in total and hands over a $2 coin. Change is counted into her hand. What is the first coin she is given? A 5c B 10c C 20c D 50c b Dad pays with this note

for meat with a price tag of $2.32.

What is the first coin he will get in change that is counted out? A 5c

B 10c

C 20c

D 50c

E $1

c Rob has $5 to buy mince with this price tag. When his change is counted out what is the last coin he will be given?  d How much change from a $10 note will Marcia get for a purchase of $6.64? e If Marcia’s change was counted out correctly, how many coins would be in her change?  10 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 10

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on pages A1–A2

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

11

Half-hours and quarter-hours

The three main divisions when telling the time are the hours, half-hours and quarter-hours. A tip to help you!  A quarter-hour can be any 15 minutes of time. From 10 past 2 to 25 past 2 is 15 minutes or a quarter of an hour.

 1 This is 4 o’clock. 10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6 5

Show the time half an hour later on this clock face.

2 3 4

 2 This is 7 o’clock. 10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6 5

8

11 12 1

7 6 5

8

Show the time a quarter of an hour later on this clock face.

2 3 4

 3 This is 2 o’clock. 10 9

10 9

4

 4 a The time 15 minutes past the hour is said to be a quarter past the hour.

8

8

8

Show a quarter to 9 on this clock.

8

6 5

11 12 1

7

10 9

6 5

11 12 1

7

10 9

6 5

11 12 1

7

10 9

Show a quarter past 9 on this clock.

b The time 15 minutes before the hour is said to be a quarter to the hour.

7

10 9

Show the time three-quarters of an hour later on this clock face.

2 3

11 12 1

6 5

11 12 1

7

6 5

2 3 4

2 3 4

2 3 4

2 3 4

2 3 4

 5 Let’s go over your work! a The time is a quarter to 1. Tom has to wait until 1 o’clock for the bus. How many minutes is this?  b Write past or to in the space under these clocks to give the correct time. 11 12 1 10 9

2 3

8

4 7

6 5

quarter



10 9 8

11 12 1

2

10 9

3 7

5

4

8

11

12

7

6

4

3 7

6 5

4

3 4 5

These two clocks show the time on a Monday afternoon. What is the difference in time between the two clocks?  How many minutes are between a quarter to 3 and a quarter past 3? 

Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 11

2

8

2

8

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8

4

1

10

Answers on page A2

5

10 9

5

9



7 6

11 12 1 2 3

quarter quarter quarter 6

12 10 c This is when Rhona’s alarm went off. She got up 15 minutes later. When did she get up? 

d e

11 12 1

10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3

10 10 99

4

88

12 1 11 12 11

77 66 55

22 33 44

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

minutes 11

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

12

‘Past’ and ‘to’ times … o’clock

to the hour

A tip to help you!  All the times on a clock face are either ‘past’ or ‘to’ times, apart from the o’clock times.

past the hour

a quarter to …

a quarter past …

half past …

 1 When the minute hand is on 4, the time is on the ‘past’ side of the clock. Is this true? Tick a box. Yes No  2 When the minute hand is on 11 the time is on the ‘to’ side of the clock. Is this true? Tick a box. Yes No  3 How many minutes are between: a 12 o’clock and 1 o’clock?  b 12 o’clock and a quarter past 12?  c 6 o’clock and 12 o’clock? d 6 o’clock and a quarter to 7?   4 How many minutes are between: a 3 o’clock and 5 past 3? b 6 o’clock and half past 6? c 9:30 and 10 o’clock? d a quarter to 11 and 11 o’clock?   5 Let’s go over your work! a How many minutes are on the ‘past’ side of a clock? b c d e

How many minutes are on the ‘to’ side of a clock? minutes When the minute hand is on 6, the time is on the ‘past’ side of the clock. Yes No Is this true? Tick a box. Look at these clocks. What is the difference in time? Write your answer on the line. (There are two possible answers.)  Write the ‘to’ and ‘past’ times under these clocks. The first one has been done for you. 11 12 1

10

9

4

7

8



11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3

10 9

4

8



6 o’clock

12 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 12

11 12 1

7 6

5

2

3

8

10 9



minutes

10 9

11 12 1

8

6 5

2 3

10 9

4

8



7 6 5

11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3

10 9

4

8

11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3 4

11 12 1 2 3

10 9

4

4 7



2 3

8 6 5



Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A2

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

13

Understanding minutes

The numbers on the clock face show the hours. They are also used to show groups of 5 minutes. The small lines between numbers are 1-minute intervals. A tip to help you!  To find out how many minutes a number on a clock face stands for, you can count around the clock face in fives or you can multiply the number by five. So if the minute hand is on 6, you say 6  5 = 30. The 6 means 30 minutes.  1 The minute hand moves from the 7 to the 8. How many minutes did it take to go from the 7 to the 8? ___ minutes  2 The minute hand moves from the 5 to the 7. How many minutes did it take to go from the 5 to the 7? ___ minutes  3 This is the time Simone starts training. She trains for 10 minutes. What number will the minute hand be on when she stops her training? 

10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3 4

Start with 5 here.

 4 Write the numbers for the 5-minute intervals around this clock face.

 5 Let’s go over your work! a b c

The minute hand moves from the 4 to the 5. How many minutes did it take to go from the 4 to the 5?  The minute hand moves from the 10 to the 12. How many minutes did it take to go from the 10 to the 12?  Minnie leaves at 20 past 7 to go to a school concert. She arrives at school 10 minutes later. Draw the hands on this clock to show the time she arrived at school.

minutes minutes 10 9 8

11 12 1

7

6 5

2 3 4

d This is part of a clock face. How many minute intervals are shown?  e Fill in the minutes for each number around the clock face. The first two have been done for you.



1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

5

10

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

____

Answers on page A2

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 13

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

13

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

14

Understanding 5-minute intervals

This is the first 5-minute interval after the hour.

This time is 5 past 2.

A tip to help you!  Count in fives to find out how many minutes are between numbers on a clock face. So to find the number of minutes between half past 6 and 5 to 7, count in fives from the 6 to the 11. There are 5 steps or 25 minutes.  1 How many minutes past 7 o’clock are shown on this clock?

10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6



5

2 3 4

 2 Which clock face number will the minute hand be on at 25 minutes past the hour?   3 Draw the minute hand on this clock to show 40 minutes after 2 o’clock.

10 9 8

 4 How many minutes are there until 4 o’clock? 

10 9

11 12 1

8 7

6

5

11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3

10 9

4

8

11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3 4

2 3 4

 5 Let’s go over your work! a How many minutes past 8 o’clock b Draw the minute hand on this clock are shown on this clock? to show 10 minutes to 9 o’clock. 10 9 8



11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3

10 9

4

8

11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3

10 9

4

8

11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3 4

c Which clock face number will the minute hand be on at 15 minutes past the hour? d What is the time on this clock? 11 12 1 11 12 1 10 2 10 2 Write your answer in the spaces. 9 3 9 3 8



The time is

minutes to

7 6

5

4

.

8

7 6

e How many minutes are from 10 past 6 to 10 to 7?  14 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 14

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

5

4

minutes ☞

Answers on page A2

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

15

Understanding 1-minute intervals

On a clock face there are five spaces between each number or longer line.

The spaces between small lines show 1 minute. 1 minute

A tip to help you!  The time it takes something to happen is called the duration. The duration to repeat the alphabet clearly may be about 1 minute.

 1 How many minutes past 9 o’clock are shown on this clock?

11 12

11 12

1 2

10 9

3 8 7

11 12

7

 4 How many minutes to 2 o’clock is shown on the clock? 

11 12

5

12 3 11 10

1

3 8

4 7

5

6

1

10

2

9 8 7

6

5

11 12

minutes

2

4 9

3 8

4 7

  5 Let’s go over your work!

2

9

4 6

1

10

3 7

.

11 12 2

9

5

6

and

1

8

4

5

6

10

3 8

 2 Where will the minute hand be when the time is 11 to 2? The minute hand will be between the numbers  3 Draw the minute hand on this clock to show 17 minutes after 9 o’clock.

2

9

4



1

10

5

6

1

10

2

a How many minutes to 7 o’clock 9 b 3 Draw the minute hand on this clock are shown on this clock? 8 4 to show 3 minutes to 9 o’clock. 7

11 12

1

10

6

5

11 12

9 6

minutes



6

2

9

4 7

5

1

10

3 8

4 7



2

9

3 8

11 12

1

10

2

3 8

4

5

7

5

6

c Which clock face numbers will the minute hand be between at 23 minutes past 6?

11 12

1

The minute23 hand will be between the numbers 9 10

and

8 d What is the4 time on this clock? Write your answer in the spaces. 7 6 5 minutes to . The time is

e How many minutes are from 29 past 8 to 29 to 9? ☞

Answers on page A2

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 15

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

. 11 12

1

10

2

9

3 8

4 7

6

5

minutes 15

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

16

Understanding seconds

The second hand is usually a thin red hand on the clock face. There are 60 seconds in a minute. The spaces the second hand shows between the small lines are 1 second apart.

0

55 11

50 45

12

1

10

2

9

40

10

3 8

4 7

35

 1 How many seconds past the minute are shown on this clock face?

A tip to help you!  To work out the number of seconds between numbers on a clock face, count in fives. So, for example, to find the number of seconds between the 4 and the 8, count from the 4 (as zero) in fives to the 8. There are four steps or 20 seconds.

5

5

6

15 20

25

30

11 12

1

10

2

9

3 8



4 7

6

seconds

5

 2 Which number will the second hand be on at 20 seconds after the full minute?   3 Draw the second hand on this clock to show the time half a minute after 20 past 5.

11 12

2

9 6

5

11 12

1

10

2

9

4 7

11 12

1

10 3

8

 4 How many seconds have passed after the full minute on this clock face?

11 12

1

10

3 8

4 7

6

1

10

2

9

3 8

4

5

7

6

5

2

9

3 8

4 7



6

5

seconds

 5 Let’s go over your work! a How many seconds before this b Draw the second hand on this clock to second hand comes to the 12? show 15 seconds before 1 o’clock. 11

12

1

10

2

9

3 8

4 7



10 9

6

8

5

seconds



11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3 4

c Which clock-face number will the second hand be on at 5 seconds to 11 o’clock? The second hand will be on the number

.

d Joy has 1 minute to tie her ribbon. She does it in 40 seconds. How many seconds did she have to spare? 

seconds

e When the second hand starts at 12 which number will it be on 45 seconds later?  16 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 16

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A2

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

17

Understanding digital ‘past’ time

Digital clocks show the time using numbers only. This is half past 5:

5 : 30

A tip to help you!  There are two numbers after the : sign and there may be one or two numbers before the : sign. The hours come before the minutes.  1 Write the ‘past’ times on these digital clocks.

:

:



20 past 2

:



5 past 6

:

a quarter past 10

11 past 11

 2 Write these ‘past’ times on the digital clocks. 10 9 8



11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3

10 9

4

8



:



11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3

10 9

4

8



:



7 6



5

2 3

10 9

4

8



:



 3 What are the times on these digital clocks? 11 : 19 7 : 23



11 12 1

11 12 1

2 3

7

6

5

4

:



9 : 13

1 : 05





 4 Write the times on these digital clocks.

: half past 2

:





16 past 9

:

:



5 past 7

21 past 1

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Write the digital times for:

b Write the times on these digital clocks.

: : 12 past 7 3 past 11 c What are the times on these digital clocks? 7 : 28 d Write the digital times for these clocks. 10 9 8



11 12 1

7 6 5



2 3

10 9

4

8

:

Answers on page A2

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 17



11 12 1

7

6 5

: 16 past 2

e Write this time on the digital clock. 11 12

1

10

2

9

4

6

5

2

9

4 7

1

10

3 8



3 past 9

11 : 19 11 12

2 3

:



3 8



4 7

6

5

:

:

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

17

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

18

Understanding digital ‘to’ time

To express ‘to’ times on a digital clock use the numbers 31 to 59. So, for example, 20 to 6 is or 40 minutes after 5 o’clock.

5 : 40

A tip to help you!  To find the number of minutes to the full hour you subtract the digital minutes

from 60. So, for example, how many minutes are left in the hour when the digital clock shows 10:38? 60 – 38 = 22 (22 minutes). The clock-face time is 22 to 11.

 1 Write these ‘to’ times on the digital clock faces. 10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6



5

2 3

10 9

4

8

11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3

10 9

4

8



:



11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3

10 9

4

8

11 12 1

7 6

5

11 12 1 2 3

10 9

4

10 9

3

8 6 5

7



:



11 12 1

8

4 7



:



2

6

2 3

5

4

:



 2 Write the ‘to’ times on these digital clocks.

: 20 to 2

:



:



5 to 8

 3 What are the times on these digital clocks? 11 : 35 7 : 40





:

a quarter to 6

10 to 11

9 : 45

2 : 59





 4 Write the times on these digital clock faces.

: 10 to 2

:



:



20 to 8



5 to 5

: 2 to 4

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Write the digital times for these clocks. 11 12

11 12

1

10

2

9 8



6

5



5

6

2

9

4 7

1

10

3 8

: c Write the digital times for: :

2

9

4 7

11 12

1

10

3

b Write this time as digital time. 3 8



4 7

6

5



: d Write the times on these digital clocks.

: 10 to 10 a quarter to 5 16 to 2 e Using analog notation what are the times on these digital clocks? 11 : 58 2 : 40

18 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 18



:

:

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

: 29 to 1



Answers on page A2

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

19

Understanding day and night

A tip to help you!  There are 12 hours from midnight to midday and another 12 from midday to

midnight. On any day there are 12 hours between the same o’clock time in the morning and afternoon, e.g. the difference between 2 o’clock in the morning and 2 o’clock in the afternoon is 12 hours.

10 9

 1 Look at this clock.

11 12 1

8

7 6 5

2 3 4



The time is

o’clock.

 2 This picture is most probably showing: 6 o’clock in the morning. 6 o’clock in the evening. Tick a box.  3 How many hours are from midday to midnight?

hours

 4 The hours from 12 o’clock midnight to 12 o’clock midday are the: A night hours. B daylight hours. C afternoon hours (pm). D morning hours (am). Circle a letter.  5 Let’s go over your work! a Look at this clock.



10 9 8

The time is

o’clock.

b This picture is most probably showing:





9 o’clock in the morning.



9 o’clock in the evening. Tick a box.

11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3 4



c How many hours are from 10 o’clock in the morning to 4 o’clock in the afternoon? 

hours

d Tom gets up at 6 in the morning and goes to bed at 9 at night. How long is Tom up for? 

hours

e How many hours before 3 o’clock in the afternoon is 10 o’clock in the morning? 

hours

Answers on page A2

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 19

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

19

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

20

Understanding 24-hour time

There are 24 hours in each day. Each new day starts at midnight. The morning hours (am)

(midnight)

12

1

2

3

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

The afternoon hours (pm)

(noon)

12 12

4

(noon)

12 (midnight)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 00 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00/24 The hours after noon can be a continuation from 13 to 24 (24 is called 00).

Digital hours are often referred to as ‘hundreds’. 1 o’clock in the afternoon could be called 13 hundred hours. A tip to help you!  To convert afternoon hours to 24-hour time add 12 to the afternoon-hour time, e.g. 5 o’clock in the afternoon will become 17 (12 + 5 = 17). This would be called 17 hundred hours.  1 What is 3 o’clock in the afternoon in 24-hour time?   2 Using this 24-hour clock face, what will be the hour number 4 hours after 9 o’clock?

11 10 22

12 00

1

13

9 21

 3 Using the 24-hour clock face, what will be the hour number at 6 o’clock in the afternoon?  4 A train arrives at its destination at 7 o’clock at night. Using 24-hour time, what time will a digital clock show?

23

8

142 15 3

20 19

7

18

6

17

16 4

5

: 00

 11 23 10 22

 5 Let’s go over your work!

12 00

1

13

9 21 8 20

a What is 8 o’clock in the morning in 24-hour time? 

142 15 3

19

7

18

6

17

16 4

5

b Using the 24-hour clock face, what will be the hour number 6 hours after 8 o’clock?  c When the 24-hour clock is at 16 it will be night-time. Is this statement true or false? Tick a box. 

True

False

d Using the 24-hour clock face, what will be the hour number at 12 o’clock midnight?  e A bus leaves Glen Ridge at 3 o’clock in the afternoon. It arrives at Sandy Bay 7 hours later. Using 24-hour time, what time will this be on a digital clock? 20 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 20

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

: 00

 ☞

Answers on page A3

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

21

Fraction relationships—halves

Fractions can be expressed in many ways. One-half has the same value as two-quarters. 1

A tip to help you!  One half ( 2 ) can be written in many ways. The top number is always half of the 4 8

1 2

lower number, e.g. four-eighths is the same as one-half ( = ). 1

 1 Colour one-half ( 2 ) of the rectangle. How many quarters did you colour?  2 This rectangle is the same size. 1 Colour one-half ( 2 ). How many eighths did you colour?  3 Write a number in each box to show the fractions of pizza shown.

2

4

8

1

 4 Colour one-half ( 2 ) of this circle. How many sixths did you colour?  5 Let’s go over your work! a Colour half of this circle.



How many of the 10 parts did you colour?

b Marty had 12 blocks. He gave half of them to his sister. How many blocks did he give her?  c Colour half of this rectangle. How many of the strips did you colour?  d Parts of this shape are shaded.



Write two fractions to show how much of the circle is shaded.

and

e Kiah had a shape divided into several equal parts. Kiah coloured half of the parts. There were six parts uncoloured. What was the total number of parts in Kiah’s shape?  ☞

Answers on page A3

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 21

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

21

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

22

Fraction relationships—quarters

Fractions can be expressed in many ways. One-quarter has the same value as two-eighths. 1

A tip to help you!  One-quarter ( 4 ) can be written in many ways. The top number is always one2 8

1 4

quarter of the bottom number, e.g. two-eighths is the same as one-quarter ( = ). 1

 1 Colour one-quarter ( 4 ) of this rectangle. How many of the eighths did you colour?  2 What is one-quarter of 16? 1

 3 Colour one-quarter ( 4 ) of this circle. How many of the twelfths did you colour? 

 4 Draw a ring around the fraction with the least value. 1 2



1 3



1 5

1 4

1 8

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Divide this circle into quarters.



b Ben started a game with 12 marbles. He lost a quarter of his marbles. How many marbles did he lose?  c Colour one-half of this rectangle.

How many eighths of the following shape is this?

d Part of this shape is shaded.

Write two fractions to show how much of the circle is shaded.

and

e Draw a ring around the fraction with the greatest value.

1 4

22 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 22

1 2



1 8



1 3

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

1 10



Answers on page A3

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

23

Fraction relationships—thirds

A tip to help you!  To find one-third of a number you divide by three, e.g. 18 ÷ 3 = 6. Not all numbers divide evenly by three.  1 Colour one-third of this circle. How many thirds are not coloured?   2 Draw lines to divide this rectangle into thirds. Colour one-third of this shape.

 3 Raymond has 12 jelly snakes. 1 What is one-third ( 3 ) of 12? 1

 4 Which triangle has 3 shaded? Circle a letter. A

B

C

D

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Draw lines to divide this circle into thirds. Colour two-thirds of the circle.

b Draw lines to divide this square into thirds. Colour one-third of the square. c Maddie was given $15. She spent one-third at the school fete. How much did she spend?  d Two halves have the same value as three thirds. True Is this statement true or false? Tick a box.

$

False

e Melanie cut some sausages into thirds. She ended up with nine pieces of sausage. How many whole sausages did she use?  ☞

Answers on page A3

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 23

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

23

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

24

Fraction relationships—fifths

A tip to help you!  To find one-fifth of a number you divide by five, e.g. 20 ÷ 5 = 4. Not all numbers divide evenly by five.

 1 Colour one-fifth of this circle. How many fifths are not coloured?   2 Draw four vertical lines to divide this rectangle into fifths. Colour one-fifth of this shape.  3 Raymond has 15 matchbox toys. 1 What is one-fifth ( 5 ) of 15?  4 How many fifths of this pentagon are coloured? Write the fraction in the boxes.   5 Let’s go over your work! a Colour three-fifths of the rectangle. How many fifths are not coloured? b Put a cross on the shape that has four-fifths coloured.

c Amy has three gold stars for her homework. This is one-fifth of all her stars. How many stars does Amy have altogether? d This circle is divided into 10 equal parts. Colour one-fifth of this circle.

How many tenths are the same as one-fifth?

e

Mum had 15 cherries in a bag. She shared them evenly between five children. Each child got one-fifth of the cherries. How many cherries did each child get?

24 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 24

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A3

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

25

Fractions and wholes

The top number of a fraction is called the numerator. The bottom number is the denominator. A fraction looks like this: numerator , e.g. 1 denominator

2

A tip to help you!  When the numerator and the denominator are the same the number is one whole, e.g.

2 = 1. 2

 1 Circle a letter for the fraction that is the same as one whole. A 2

B

4

3 10

C 1

D

3

5 5

 2 How many tenths are in one whole? Write numbers in the boxes.   3 How many eighths of this pizza have been eaten? Write your answer as a fraction.   4 What fraction of this shape is coloured? Write the numbers in the boxes.   5 Let’s go over your work! a Circle a letter for the fraction that is the same as one whole. A 6 6

B 3 6

C 1 8

D 4 5

b How many thirds are in one whole?  c What fraction of this rectangle is coloured?

Write numbers in the boxes. 

d Which fraction has the greatest value? A 2 4

e ☞

B

7 10

C 1 5

D 2 2

A whole pizza is cut into eighths. Five pieces are eaten. What fraction of the pizza is left? Write numbers in the boxes. 

Answers on page A3

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 25

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

25

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

26

Fractions of objects

A tip to help you!  To find more than one part or fraction of a number, calculate what one part is and then multiply to get a total, e.g. if you know

1 3 is 3 then will be 5  3 (15). 5 5

 1 These are Shaun’s cubes. Colour one-fifth of his cubes red. How many of his cubes are red?   2 Carol made an omelette with one-third of this carton of eggs. How many eggs did she use?   3 This is one-fifth of Sam’s money. How much does Sam have altogether?   4 Draw a line around two-fifths of Marie’s Lego blocks.

How many blocks do you draw a line around?   5 Let’s go over your work! a Sandy had 20 marbles in a bag. She took one-fifth of the marbles out of her bag. How many marbles did she take out?  b Kris had nine coloured pencils in his pencil case. One-third had broken leads. How many had broken leads?  c This is one-fifth of Natalie’s money.

How much does she have altogether? 

$

d Sandy had 20 marbles in a bag. She took one-fifth of the marbles out of her bag. How many marbles are still in the bag?  e In a club two-thirds of the members are boys. 18 members are boys. How many girls are in the club? Circle a letter. A 5 B 6 C 9 D 12 26 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 26

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A3

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

27

Fractions and whole numbers

When the numerator of a fraction is 1 (one) and you know what number that fraction represents, you 1 multiply by the denominator to find the number for the whole, e.g. if 6 equals 3 of a number you 3 multiply by 3 to get 3 (or the whole). The whole is then 18 (3  6 = 18). A tip to help you!  When the numerator (top number) and denominator (bottom number) are the same, that fraction can be represented by 1, e.g.

4 5 = 1, = 1. 4 5

 1 If one-third of a number is 2, what is the whole number?   2 If one-fifth of a number is 10, what is the whole number?   3 If one-fifth of a number is 6, what is the whole number?   4 If one-fifth of a number is 4, what is two-fifths of the number?   5 Let’s go over your work! a If one-third of a number is 10, what is the whole number?  b If one-fifth of a number is 8, what is the whole number?  c If one-fifth of a number is 2, what is the whole number?  d If one-third of a number is 4, what is two-thirds of the number?  e If five-fifths represents 50, what is one-fifth of that number? ☞



Answers on page A3

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 27

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

27

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

28

Fractions of quantities—thirds

A tip to help you!  If you know what one-third of a quantity is, you can find out what two-thirds is by subtracting one-third from the total quantity, e.g.

1 2 of 12 cm is 4 cm. will be 12 cm – 4 cm (8 cm). 3 3

 1 Kathy cut a third off the ribbon.

Draw a line on the ribbon to show roughly where Kathy made her cut.  2 Mr Bridger has a mass of 90 kg. His daughter, Kylie, is one-third his mass. What is Kylie’s mass?   3 Draw a line on this coffee container to show the level when it is roughly one-third full.

 4 Frank works on electricity towers. He is about one-third of the way up this tower. Put a cross to show roughly where Frank is working.

X

 5 Let’s go over your work! a This is a plank of wood. Paul cut a third off the plank.



Draw a line on the plank to show roughly where Paul made his cut.

b A bag of compost mix has a mass of 60 kg. Bill uses a third of the bag when gardening. How much does Bill use?  c

kg

Draw a line on this coffee container to d Sally took a photo from about show the level when it is roughly one-third the way up the one-third full. Eiffel Tower. Put a cross to show roughly where Sally took her photo from.

e A bag of compost mix has a mass of 60 kg. Bill uses a third of the bag when gardening. How much is left? 28 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 28

X

kg

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A3

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

29

Fractions of quantities—fifths 1

A tip to help you!  To find four-fifths of a quantity take one-fifth from the total, e.g. 5 of 20 g is 4 g. 4 will be 20 g – 4 g (16 g). 5

 1 This is a 10-cm ruler. Colour the first fifth of the ruler. 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 1 2 did 3 you4 colour? 5 6 How many centimetres

7

8

9

10

 2 Ms Black has a mass of 55 kg. Her sheepdog has one-fifth her mass. What is the mass of the sheepdog?   3 Draw a line on this juice bottle to  4 Reece lives in a level about one-fifth show the level when it is roughly up this building. one-fifth full. Put a cross to show roughly where Reece lives.

  5 Let’s go over your work! a This is a ribbon. Sasha cut a fifth off the right-hand end of this ribbon.



Draw a line on the ribbon to show roughly where Sasha made her cut.

b A sheepdog has a mass of 25 kg. c Her puppy is one-fifth her mass. What is the mass of the puppy? kg d



This water bottle was full. Ivan drank one-fifth of the water. Draw a line on the bottle to roughly show the new level.

Dad starts to climb this e This water bottle was full. ladder. Put a cross on a Tiffany drank four-fifths step that shows where he of the water. Draw a line will be when he is on the bottle to roughly one-fifth of the way up. show the new level.

Answers on page A3

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 29

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

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Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

30

More on fractions and whole numbers

A tip to help you!  If you know what a fraction of a quantity equals you can find multiples of that fraction by multiplying by the numerator (top number), e.g. if

1 3 3 of 25 = 5, find of 25. will be 3  5 (15). 5 5 5

 1 If one-quarter of a number is 2, what is three-quarters of that number?   2 I drink three-fifths of my milk. What fraction is left?

Write the numbers for the fraction in the boxes.   3 If one-fifth of a number is 4, what is three-fifths of the number?   4 I drink seven-tenths of the water from my water bottle. What fraction is left? Write the numbers for the fraction in the boxes. 

 5 Let’s go over your work! a If one-fifth of a number is 3, what is four-fifths of that number?  b I read three-tenths of my book. What fraction is left? Write the numbers for the fraction in the boxes.

c If one-tenth of a number is 2, what is eight-tenths of the number?  d  I pour out two-fifths of the water in a watering can. What fraction is left in the watering can? Write the numbers for the fraction in the boxes. 5

e Calculate: 1 – 8 = ? Write the numbers for the fraction in the boxes. 

30 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 30

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A4

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

TEST

1

Money, time, fractions and decimals

 1 Maggie has this change in her purse. How much does Maggie have?   2 Find the change after buying the T-shirt with these notes.

$11.00



Change

$

.

$

.

 3 I have $3. I buy an ice-cream for $1.50. Put a cross on each coin in the correct change.  4 DVDs cost $12 each. Annette buys two. Put a cross on the three notes that are closest to the cost.

 5 This is 4 o’clock. 10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6 5

Show on this clock face the time a quarter of an hour later.

2 3 4

10 9 8

11 12 1

7

6 5

2 3 4

 6 Write the times under these clocks. The first one has been done for you. 10 9 8



11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3

10 9

4

8



11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3

10 9

4

8



12 o’clock

11 12 1

7 6 5



11 12 1

2 3

10 9

4

4 7



2 3

8 6 5



 7 The minute hand on a clock face moves from the 4 to the 6. How many minutes did it take to go from the 4 to the 6? 

minutes

 8 Colour one part of this circle. What fraction of the circle is coloured?   9 Draw a ring around the fraction with the greatest value.

1 1      3 2

1

1

1

1

     4      5      8      10

 10   Put a cross on the shape that has three-fifths coloured.



Answers on page A4

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Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

31

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

TEST

2

Money, time, fractions and decimals

 1 Mr Tsang has a $100 note. He pays $65 for fuel. Put a cross on each note in the correct change.

 2 My brother buys petrol at a bowser. It costs $31.44. He gets change from $40 cash. How much change should he get? 

$

.

 3 At a street stall Ella buys some loose nuts for $3.78. She hands over a $5 note. Put a cross on the coins needed to give the correct change.  4 How many minutes are there until 7 o’clock?

11 12

1

10

2

9



4 7

 5 What is the time on this  6 clock as digital time? 11 12



1

10

2

9



3 8

3 8



4 7

6

5

: 

5

6

How many seconds are left in the minute on this clock? 11 12

1

10

2

9

3

8

11 12

10 7

6

5

41

2

9

3 8

4 7

6

seconds

5

 7 How many hours are between 11 12 1 2 9 am 10and 2 pm on the same day?  9

hours

3

8

4

 8 One-fifth of my money is $6. How much do I have?  7

6

5

$

.

 9 Daniel drank three-fifths of the water in this bottle. Draw a line on the bottle to show roughly where the water level would be.

 10   This is two-thirds of Jenny’s collection of marbles. Draw the missing third to make Jenny’s collection complete.



How many marbles did you draw?

32 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 32



Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A4

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

TEST

3

NAPLAN-style questions on money, time, fractions and decimals

 1 Carmel has these notes. She exchanges them for one note. Which note did she get?

A $40 note

B $50 note

C $80 note

D $100 note

 2 I have a $10 note. I buy a magazine for $2.50. How much change will I get? A $6.50 B $7.00 C $7.50 D $8.00  3 A textbook has a price tag of $2.73. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? A $2.70 B $2.75 C $2.80 D $8.00  4 This clock shows 7 o’clock. Which number will the minute hand be  on at 10 past 7? A 2 B 4 C 7 D 10

10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3 4

 5 Which clock shows a quarter past 10? 10 9

A

8

11 12 1

2 3

7

6

5

4



10 9

B

8

11 12 1

2 3

7

6

5

4



10 9

C

8

11 12 1

7

6 5

11 12 1 2 3 4

10



D

9

2 3

8

4 7

6 5

 6 What is the time on this clock face? 

11 12 1 10 9

A 9 to 12

B a quarter to 12

C 9 o’clock

 7 How many minutes are in three-quarters of an hour? B 30 C 45 A 25

D 5 minutes to 9

2 3

8

4 7

6 5

D 75

 8 Which triangle has one-third coloured? A

B

C

D

  9 Which fraction is the same as one-half? 2

A 3

4

B 5

1

C 8

5

D 10

 10   Circle a letter for the fraction that is the same as one whole. 5

A 5 ☞

Answers on page A4

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 33

B

3 10

1

C 3

4

D 5

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

33

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

TEST

4

NAPLAN-style questions on money, time, fractions and decimals

 1 This is Kent’s savings. How much has Kent saved?

A $27.65

B $28.55

C $28.65

D $28.75

 2 At the local shoe store Sally uses a $50 note to buy joggers for $39.59. How much change should she receive? A $1.40 B $10.40 C $10.41 D $11.40   3 Elsie gets $15.40 change from her $50 note. How much did her purchase cost? A $34.60 B $34.40 C $35.40 D $55.60  4 Trudy receives coins worth $6.60 in change. What is the least number of coins she can receive? A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6  5 Look at this clock. How many minutes are there until 9 o’clock? A 7

B 25

10 9

C 27

D 35

C 10 : 03

D

8

11 12 1

7 6

5

11 12

1

2 3 4

 6 Which digital clock shows 10 to 3? A

2 : 50



B

3 : 10

2 : 40

 7 How many seconds past the full minute does this clock show?

10

2

9

A 7

B 34

C 35

 8 How many hours are from 10 pm Sunday to 5 pm Monday? A 5 B 17 C 15

D 54

3 8

4 7

6

5

D 19

 9 Jerry had some ribbons of equal lengths. He cut each ribbon into fifths and had 30 short ribbon pieces. How many long ribbon lengths did he start with? A 5 B 6 C 35 D 150 1

 10   Which fraction is greater than one-half ( 2 )? 3

A 8 34 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 34

1

B 4

2

C 5

7

D 10

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A4

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

YEAR 4

UNIT

31

Rounding up to the next 5c

The coin with the lowest value is the 5c coin. Other coins are all multiples of 5c. Any item that has a cost price ending in 3c or 4c is rounded up to the next 5c for cash purchases, e.g. you would pay $2.35 in cash for an item with a price tag of $2.33. You cannot get 1c or 2c in change. A tip to help you!  Cash purchases must be rounded to the nearest 5c (or 10c). There are no 1c or 2c coins to give change for items that have a price that ends in 3c or 4c. You round up.

 1 In the supermarket a tin of fish has a price tag of $1.34. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? Circle a letter. A $1.30 B $1.34 C $1.35 D $1.40  2 A brush has a price tag of 44c. How much would it cost if you paid with cash? A 40c B 45c C 50c D $1.00  3 Mr James purchases petrol that comes to $34.33 on the bowser display.

$

If he pays cash for his purchase, how much will he pay?   4 At the supermarket Ms Glass buys a carton of milk for $1.94. She pays with a $2 coin. How much change will she get? 

  5 Let’s go over your work! a Thongs have a price tag of $5.84. How much would they cost to purchase with cash? A $5.80 B $5.84 C $5.85 D $5.90 b Shampoo has a price tag of $2.04. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? A $2.00 B $2.05 C $2.10 D $3.00 c Ruby buys these pencils. She pays with cash. How much will she pay? 



$1.73

$

d At a nursery Simone buys an orchid for $19.85. She hands over a $20 note. How much change will she get? 

$

e Batteries cost $1.02 each. Jo buys two. At the checkout she tenders $2.50. How much change will she get?

$

Answers on page A4

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Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

35

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

32

Rounding up to the next 10c

The coin with the lowest value is the 5c coin. Other coins are all multiples of 5c. Any item that has a cost price ending in 8c or 9c is rounded to the next 10c for cash purchases, e.g. you would pay $5 in cash for an item that costs $4.99. You cannot get 1c or 2c in your change. A tip to help you!  Cash purchases must be rounded to the nearest 5c (or 10c). There are no 1c or 2c coins to give change for items that have a price that ends in 8c or 9c. You round up.  1 A T-shirt has a price tag of $3.78. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? Circle a letter. A $3.70 B $3.75 C $3.78 D $3.80  2 A fast-food meal is priced at $9.17. How much would it cost paying with cash? A $9.10 B $9.15 C $9.20 D $9.25  3 Vanessa purchased a magazine for $3.98. If she pays cash for her purchase, how much will she pay? 

$

 4 A ham and pineapple pizza costs $7.89. Chloe hands over a $10 note. Circle the least number of coins she could get in her change.

 5 Let’s go over your work! a A sun hat has a price tag of $5.28. How much would it cost to purchase with cash? A $5.20 B $5.25 C $5.28 D $5.30 b Caps have a price tag of $2.09. How much would it cost to purchase two with cash? A $4.10 B $4.15 C $4.20 D $4.50 c Ross purchased a disposable camera for $13.58. If he paid cash using a $20 note, how much change should he have received?  d Arthur buys three Choco Logs for 96c each. He tenders two $2 coins. How much change will he get?  e At the supermarket checkout Tony’s grocery bill comes to $46.28.  Circle the least number of coins he should receive in change if he pays with a $50 note.

36 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 36

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A4

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

33

Rounding down to the nearest 10c

Any item that has a cost price ending in 1c or 2c is rounded down to the previous 10c for cash purchases, e.g. you would pay $4.20 in cash for an item that costs $4.22. There is no change under 5c. You make a saving of 2c! A tip to help you!  Cash purchases must be rounded to the nearest 5c (or 10c). There are no 1c or 2c coins to give change for items that have a price that ends in 1c or 2c. You round down. Card payments are for the exact amount.  1 Mischa bought a packet of Mint Treats priced at $1.72. How much cash would Mischa need to buy them?   2 The loose cherries Mrs Elton wants to buy come to a total of $4.52. If she pays with cash, how much would they cost? B $4.55 C $4.60 D $5.00 A $4.50  3 The total for Mrs Carter’s supermarket purchases come to $30.12. If she pays with her credit card, she will pay that amount. If she pays cash for her purchases, how much will she save?   4 At a street stall Chad buys some unpackaged tomatoes costing $4.11. He hands over a $5 note to pay for his purchase. Circle the least number of coins he should get in his change.

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Liam bought three scoops of raisins at the self-serve bar and they cost $1.02. How much cash would Liam need to pay for his purchase?  b For car repairs Roy is charged a total of $188.81. How much did they cost if paid for with cash? A $188.00 B $188.70 C $188.80 D $188.85 c Prue makes purchases of fresh fruit that come to a total of $11.11. If she pays with her credit card, she pays the full amount. If she pays cash for her purchases, how much will she pay? d At a farm stall Carlene buys some fruit for $5.92. She hands over $10 for her purchase. Circle the change she should get. e Cookies are on sale for 9c each. Lennie buys nine. Circle the least number of coins he could use to pay for his purchase.



Answers on page A4

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Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

37

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

34

Rounding down to the nearest 5c

Any item that has a cost price ending in 6c or 7c is rounded down to the previous 5c for cash purchases, e.g. you would pay $9.55 in cash for an item that cost $9.57. There is no change under 5c. You make a saving of 2c! A tip to help you!  Cash purchases must be rounded to the nearest 5c (or 10c). There are no 1c or 2c coins to give change for items that have a price that ends in 6c or 7c. You round down.  1 Kate bought a bag of Jellos priced at 47c at the supermarket. How much cash would Kate need to pay for the Jellos?   2 The mince Ms Lee buys comes to a total of $7.36. How much would it cost if paid for using cash? A $7.30 B $7.35 C $7.38 D $7.40  3 The total cost of car repairs, with tax, comes to $130.96. Wayne can pay with a debit card or cash. If Wayne pays with cash, how much will he save?   4 At a jewellery stall Simone buys some earrings for $8.97. She tenders a $10 note. Circle the change she should get.   5 Let’s go over your work! a Lynda purchased a bag of toffees priced at 87c from the supermarket. How much cash did Lynda need to pay for them?  b The magazines that Ray purchases come to a total of $15.26. How much will they cost with cash? A $15.00 B $15.20 C $15.25 D $15.30 c Luke buys a Matchbox tanker for $2.55. If he pays cash for the toy, how much will he pay?  d At a school fete Kent buys some wrapped lollies for a total of $3.07. Circle the least number of coins he will need to pay for the lollies.

e Mr Oaks wishes to buy a guitar at a music shop that is priced at $63.87. He can pay with a debit card or cash. If Mr Oaks pays with cash, how much will he save?  38 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 38

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A4

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

35

Counting up change

Before calculators and computerised cash registers, people had to count out change. This can still be necessary at markets and fetes. ‘Counting up’ ensures the correct change is given. Simply count up from the item cost to the amount tendered. Suppose, for example, a customer buys a cake for $2.70 with a $5 note. You could give change by counting up. You would say ‘$2.70 [the price of the cake], $2.80, $3, $5 [the amount tendered]’. The coins involved would be 10c to $2.80, 20c to $3 and $2 to $5. A tip to help you!  When counting up change, always start with the coin or note with the least value.  1 Look at the example given above. Put a cross on the first coin given in the change.  2 At the school fete Arnie has to give change from $10 for a $2.20 book. He does this by ‘counting up’.

Put a cross on the first coin or note he gives to the customer.  3 A ticket to a sporting event costs $3.50. Glenn has to count up change to $10. Which is the first coin he will use? B 10c C 20c D 50c A 5c

E $1

 4 Marcus is given a $20 note for an item costing $8. What is the first note or coin Marcus will hand the customer as he counts out the change?   5 Let’s go over your work! a I have to give change of $4 for $1.80 by counting up. Put a cross on the first coin I give in the change. b At the Sunday market Denni has to give change of a $50 note for a $7 book. She does this by counting up. Put a cross on the first coin or note she gives to the customer. c An iced donut costs 90c. Craig has to count up change to $5. What is the first coin he will use? A 5c B 10c C 20c D 50c E $1 d In question c above what is the last coin Craig will give to the customer? A 5c B 10c C 20c D $1 E $2 e Edwin tenders a $50 note for a purchase costing $15.50. What is $ the first note Edwin will receive when the change is counted out?  ☞

Answers on page A4

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 39

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

39

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

36

Rounding and counting up change

A tip to help you!  When counting up change, always start with the coin or note with the least value. It is wise to say aloud what you are doing. Start with the item price and add up to the amount the customer has tendered.

 1 At a church fete cream biscuits are 28c each. Shane has to give change of $1. He counts out the change. What is the first coin he gives to the customer? A 5c B 10c C 20c

D 50c

 2 Dad tenders $15 for $11.62 worth of fuel for an outboard motor at a petrol bowser. What is the first coin he will receive in change that is counted out? B 10c C 20c D 50c E $1 A 5c  3 Rob has $5 to buy this cold drink. When his change is counted out what is the last coin counted into his hand? 

$1.20

 4 Mr Glum buys petrol at a bowser. It costs $31.44. He gets change from $50. Which note in his change has the highest value?



$

 5 Let’s go over your work! a At the street cake stall Jodie buys three toffee buttons for 51c in total. Change from $2 is counted into her hand. What is the first coin she is given? A 5c B 10c C 20c D 50c b Dad pays with this note

for mince with the price tag of $2.39.

What is the first coin he will get in change that is counted out? A 5c B 10c C 20c D 50c

E $1

c Rob has $5 to buy dog meat with this price tag: $3.16 When his change is counted out what is the last coin he will be given?  d How much change from $20 will Meg get for a cash purchase of $16.64?  e

If Meg decides to pay with her debit card she will: A save 4c. B pay an extra cent. C save 6c. D pay the purchase price.

40 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 40

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A5

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

37

Exchanging money

There are times when you might want to exchange notes or coins for other denominations. The word denomination means ‘the value of a note or coin’. It is called its face value. To have enough change for a class cupcake stall, for example, the teacher may decide to exchange one $5 note for ten 50c pieces. They have the same value. A tip to help you!  When making a number of purchases from the same shop you only round the total cost, not the individual cost of each item, when paying with cash.

 1 In his desk drawer Dad has ten 5c pieces. Which coin can Dad exchange his 5c pieces for? A 20c coin B 50c coin C $1 coin

D $2 coin

 2 Mr Howes has ten $5 notes. He exchanges them for a single note. What is the denomination of this note? 

$

 3 Mum has saved these coins. She exchanges them for a single note.

$

What is the denomination of this note?   4 To be ready for sales at her market cake stall Melany decided to exchange $10 for 10c pieces at the bank. How many 10c pieces will she receive?   5 Let’s go over your work! a In his money box Harley has twenty 5c pieces. Which coin or note can Harley exchange his 5c pieces for? A $1 coin B $2 coin C $5 note

D $10 note

b Mrs Howes wants to exchange her $100 note for $5 notes. How many $5 notes should she get for her $100? c Yoshi has saved these coins. He exchanges them for one coin. What is the denomination of that coin? 

$

d John has seven $10 notes. How many more does he need before he can exchange his notes for one $100 note? e Jason has four 50c pieces and fifteen 20c pieces. What will be the denomination of the single note Jason can get for his coins?  ☞

Answers on page A5

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 41

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

$ 41

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

38

Discounted purchases

Sellers often use special deals to try to persuade buyers to make purchases. Remember: 10% is the 1 1 1 1 same as one-tenth ( 10 ), 20% is one-fifth ( 5 ), 25% is one-quarter ( 4 ) and 50% is one-half ( 2 ). A tip to help you!  When making a number of purchases from the same shop you only round the total cost, not the individual cost of each item, when paying with cash.

 1 At a sale a watch is reduced to half-price. If the watch was originally priced at $52, what is its sale price?

$

 2 Cushions are worth $120. At a sale they are reduced by 50%. What is their sale price? 

$

 3 A car-wash business has a special deal. For a limited time it will give a 10% reduction on washes. If the usual price for a car wash is $50, what is the special price? 

$

 4 Energy drinks are sold for $1.60 each. If a twin pack (two drinks) is purchased, it will cost $3. How much is saved by buying a twin pack instead of two individual drinks?   5 Let’s go over your work! a At a winter sale sunhats are reduced to half-price. If the sunhats were originally priced at $7 each what is their sale price? 

$

b Ink cartridges are worth $30 each. At a sale they are reduced by 50%. What is their sale price? 

$

c A barber has a special deal for seniors. He will give a 10% reduction for any haircuts before midday. If the usual price for a haircut is $15, what is the special price? 

$

d  The usual price for one chocolate bar is $1.75 but it is $3.20 for a twin pack of chocolate bars. How much is saved by buying a twin pack instead of two individual chocolate bars? 

$

e With a shopper docket, petrol is sold at a discounted price of 4c off each litre purchased. Mr Thicket bought 15 litres, which would normally cost $23.85. What will Mr Thicket be charged if he uses his shopper docket? 

$

42 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 42

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A5

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

39

More on discounted purchases

Sellers often use special deals to try to persuade buyers to make purchases. Remember: 10% is the 1 1 1 1 same as one-tenth ( 10 ), 20% is one-fifth ( 5 ), 25% is one-quarter ( 4 ) and 50% is one-half ( 2 ). A tip to help you!  To find the cost of individual items in packs of multiple items divide the marked price by the number of items, e.g. a six-pack of Kola cans costs $4.62. Each individual can of Kola costs $4.62 ÷ 6 = 77c.

 1 At a sale a $10 purchase is reduced by 20%. What is the sale price of the purchase? 

$

 2 DVD players are worth $160. At a sale they are reduced by 25%. What is their sale price? 

$

 3 A car-wash business has a special deal. For a limited time they will give a $4.50 reduction on washes. If the usual price for a car wash is $15, what is the special price? 

$

 4 Batteries are sold for $1.35 each. If two are purchased in a twin pack, they will cost $2.50. How much is saved by buying a twin pack instead of two individual batteries?

$

 5 Let’s go over your work! a A sale of Christmas cakes reduces their price to half. If the cakes were originally priced at $18.50, what is their sale price? 

$

b Ink cartridges cost $30 each. At a sale their price is reduced by 20%. What is their sale price? 

$

c A hairdresser has a special price for primary school children. He will cut their hair for a 25% reduction in price. If his usual price is $44, what is the special price? 

$

d The weekday price for a hotel meal is $20. This is increased by 10% on Sundays. How much is the meal on Sundays? 

$

e With a shopper docket, fuel is sold at a discounted price of 4c off each litre purchased. Wallace bought 20 litres, which would normally cost $26.18. What will Wallace be charged if he pays cash using his shopper docket?  $ ☞

Answers on page A5

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 43

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

43

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

40

Mixed purchases

Sellers often use special deals to try to persuade buyers to make purchases. Sometimes buying two items can work out cheaper per item. A tip to help you!  When making a number of purchases from the same shop with a debit or credit card you do not need to round the total cost.  1 Martin got $2.50 change after handing over $20 to pay for a car-cleaning kit. How much did the kit cost? 

$

 2 At the supermarket Lester bought four muesli bars priced at 21c each. Lester can pay with a debit card or with cash. He decides to pay with cash. How much will he pay?  3 Sugo soft drink is usually sold in packs of four bottles for $6. They are also sold as single bottles for $1.60 each. How much extra is a single bottle compared with a bottle from a pack? A 10c B 40c C $1 D $1.50  4 These are supermarket items.  Mr Long bought these items over three days. Mrs Long purchased them all at the same time. Both Mr and Mrs Long paid with cash. Who paid the most for the same items? Tick a box.

$1.84 $1.75 $2.03

Mr Long

Mrs Long

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Martin got $13.50 change after handing over $20 to pay for a concert ticket. How much did the ticket cost? 

$

b  At a supermarket Angus buys four Tim Toms priced at 24c each. Angus can pay with a debit card or with cash. He decides to pay with cash. How much will he pay?  c Instant soup is usually sold in cans in twin packs for $5 a pack. It is also sold for $2.70 per single can. How much extra does a single tin cost compared with a tin from a pack? A 10c B 20c C 40c D 50c d Look at the items for sale in question 4 above. If Mrs Long paid with her debit card, how much would she pay for the groceries?  e

$

Both Easy Buy and Bargain Shoes have identical joggers for sale. The usual price for these joggers is $24 a pair. Easy Buy is selling the joggers for a 25% discount off the normal price. Bargain Shoes is selling the joggers with a $4 discount for cash. Easy Buy  Which shop has the best buy? Tick a box. 

44 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 44

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

Bargain Shoes ☞

Answers on page A5

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

41

Telling time in 1-minute intervals

On a clock face there are five spaces between each number or longer line.

1 minute

1 minute

5 minutes

A tip to help you!  Each small line between the numbers on a clock face shows a 1-minute interval for the minute hand. The time it takes something to happen is called duration. The duration to count clearly to 10 is probably about 10 seconds.

5 minutes

 1 How many minutes past 6 o’clock are shown on this clock?

11 12

1

10

2

9

3 8

4 7



6

5

minutes

 2 Where will the minute hand be when the time is 16 past 9? The minute hand will be between the numbers  3 Draw the minute hand on this clock 1 11 12 10 to show 22 minutes past 9. 9 8

11 12 2 3

2

9

3 8

5

6

4 7

 4 How many minutes are there until 2 o’clock?

6

11 12

5

1

10

2

9

3 8



.

1

10

4 7

and

4 7

6

minutes

5

 5 Let’s go over your work! a How many minutes to 9 o’clock b Which clock face numbers will the are shown on this clock? minute hand be between at 23 to 12 noon? The minute hand will be between the numbers 11 12 1 10



2

8 4 9

3

7

6

c  Draw the minute hand on this clock to show 24 minutes past 8 o’clock.

and

.

5

11 12 10

1

2

9

3

8

4 7

6

5

d What is the time 1 2 on this clock? 3 Write your answer 4 7 6 in5 the spaces.

11 12 10 9 8

The time is

11 12

1

10

2

9

3 8

4 7

6

5

minutes to

e How many minutes are from 22 past 8 to 22 past 9? 

11 12

1

10

2

9

3 8



Answers on page A5

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 45

minutes

4 7

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

 .

6

5

45

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

42

Understanding seconds

The second hand is usually a thin red hand on the clock face. There are 60 seconds in a minute. The spaces between the small lines are 1 second apart for the second hand.

0

55 50 45 40

11

1

10

10

2

9

3 8 35

15

4 7

A tip to help you!  Each small line between the numbers on a clock face show 1-second intervals for the second hand.

5

12

20

5

6

25

30

 1 How many seconds past the minute are shown on this clock face?

11

12

1

10

2

9

3 8

4 7



5

6

seconds

 2 Which number will the second hand be on 30 seconds after the full minute?   3 Draw the second hand on this clock  4 How many seconds have passed to show the time 15 seconds after 20 past 5. after the full minute on this clock face? 12 12 11 1 11 1 11 12 1 10

2

9 8



10

3 4 7

6

10

2

9 8

5

6

3 8

4 7

2

9

3

4 7

5

seconds

5

6

 5 Let’s go over your work! a How many seconds before this b Draw the second hand on this clock face second hand comes to the 12? to show 25 seconds before 6 o’clock. 12 12 11 1 11 1 11 12 1 10

2

9

3 8

4 7

6

5

10

2

9

3 8

4 7

6

10

2

9

3 8

5

4 7

6

5

c Which clock face number will the second hand be on at 5 seconds to 11 o’clock?  . The second hand will be on the number d Mia has 1 minute to get to the shop. She does it in 45 seconds. How many seconds does she have to spare? 

seconds

e When Len looked at his watch the second hand was on the 5. When he looked at it again in less than a minute it was on the 4. How many seconds had passed?

seconds

46 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 46

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A5

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

43

Converting hours and minutes

There are 60 minutes in 1 hour. One hour on a clock is the time it takes for the small hand to move from one number to the next number.

11

12

A tip to help you!  To find out how long it takes for the minute hand to move between two numbers on a clock face count in fives, e.g. to find the number of minutes between the 4 and the 8, start counting in fives from the 4 (as zero) to the 8. There are four steps or 20 minutes.

1 2

10 9

3 8

4 7

6

5

 1 How many minutes are in 3 hours? A 120 B 180

C 300

D 360

 2 How many minutes are in 5 1 hours? 2 B 350 A 330

C 500

D 550

 3 Tracy had 2 hours in which to finish her homework. She finished in an hour and a quarter. How many minutes did she have to spare?   4 This is the time on a digital clock:

minutes

11 : 27

How many minutes are there until 12 o’clock? 

minutes

 5 Let’s go over your work! a How many minutes are in an hour and a half? A 75 B 90 C 130

D 150

b Mr Lucas worked for 280 minutes in his garden. Convert this time to hours and minutes. How long did Mr Lucas work in his garden? He worked

minutes.

c When Ms Hare looked at her clock the time was 7:33. Her lift to work was due at 8:00. How many minutes did she have before her lift was due? 

minutes

d This is the time on Robyn’s clock. How many minutes are there until 3 o’clock?

minutes

10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6 5

e How many hours and minutes is 200 minutes? It is ☞

hours and

Answers on page A5

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 47

2 3 4

hours and

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

minutes.

47

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

44

Converting hours and days

There are 24 hours in one full day: 12 hours before noon and 12 hours after noon. There are 7 days in a full week. A tip to help you!  Each new day starts at midnight. Even though the first few hours are in darkness they are considered morning hours when discussing time.

 1 How many hours are in 2 days? A 12

B 18

C 24

D 48

C 36

D 40

1

 2 How many hours are in 1 2 days? A 25

B 30

 3 Lucy had 21 days to complete her class project. How many weeks does Lucy have? 

weeks

 4 How many hours are from 7 o’clock in the morning until 3 o’clock in the afternoon? 

hours

 5 Let’s go over your work! a How many hours are in 10 days? A 100 B 120

C 200

D 240

b Mr Anhar worked for 17 days at a mine site. How many days more than 2 weeks is this? 

days

1



c Jenny went to work for 2 2 hours on Saturday. How many hours does she have on Saturday to do other activities? 

hours

d  How many hours are from 8 o’clock Monday night until 6 o’clock Tuesday morning? 

hours

e These are the hours Aaron worked last week. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 8 4 3 5 4

Is this the same as working two full days? Tick a box.

48 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 48

Yes

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

No ☞

Answers on pages A5–A6

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

45

Understanding digital ‘to’ time

Analog clocks show the time on a clock face with hands for the hours, minutes and sometimes seconds. When the minute hand moves past the 6 the clock is showing ‘to’ time, e.g. 20 to 8. Digital clocks show the minutes after the hour. Minutes after the half-past times are ‘to’ times. They go from 31 to 59. Subtract the minutes from 60 to convert an analog clock ‘to’ time to a digital time, e.g. 20 to 6 is 5 : 40 digital time (60 – 20 = 40). Remember to go back to the previous hour. A tip to help you!  To find the number of minutes to the full hour, subtract the digital minutes from 60, e.g. How many minutes left in the hour when the digital clock shows 10:38? 60 – 38 = 22 (22 minutes). The analog clock-face time is 22 to 11.

 1 Write these ‘to’ times on the digital clocks. 11 12 1

11 12

2

8

4

9



4 7



6

:



10 9

3 8

6 5

:

2

9

3 7

1

10

10

11 12

8

5

2

9

7 6

2 3

10 9

4

8

5

11 12 1

7 6

:



1

10

11 12 1

5

11 12

1

10

2 3

2

9

4

3 8

4 7



6

5

:



3

 2 Write the ‘to’ times on these digital clocks.  3  What are the ‘to’ clock times shown on these digital clocks? : : : : 7 : 40 11 : 35 9 : 45 2 : 59 8

4

7

25 to 3

6

5

8 to 2 a quarter to 1 11 to 11

 4 How many minutes difference is there between the times on these two clocks? 

11 12

1

10

2

9





12 : 50

minutes

3 8

4 7

6

5

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Write the digital time for this clock. :

11 12

1

10

2

9

3 8



b Write the time 25 to 7 on the digital clock.

4 7

6

5

c What is the ‘to’ clock time shown d How many minutes difference on this digital clock? is there between the times on these two clocks? 4 : 50 9 : 42 minutes e Marty wakes up at 7 : 30 and stays in bed until 8 : 10  . For how many minutes does Marty lie awake before getting up?  ☞

Answers on page A6

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 49

:

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

11 12

11 12

1

10

2

9

3 8

4 7

6

1

10

2

9

3 8

5

4 7

6

minutes 49

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

5

UNIT

46

Understanding digital time

Digital clocks show the time using numbers only, e.g. a quarter past 9 is shown as 9 : 15 . The numbers after the dots are the minutes after the hour. A tip to help you!  There are two numbers after the : sign and there may be one or two numbers before the : sign. If there are single minutes you need to include 0, e.g. 6 : 05  . The hours come before the minutes.

 1 Write the ‘past’ times on these digital clocks.

: 23 past 1

: 15 past 12

: half past 4

: 9 past 9

 2 Write these ‘past’ times on these digital clocks. 10 9 8



11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3

10 9

4

8

:





11 12 1

7 6 5

:



2 3

10 9

4

8



11 12 1

7

6 5

2 3

10 9

4

8



:



11 12 1

2 3

7

6

4

5

:



 3 Write the ‘to’ times on these digital clocks.

: 5 to 12

: 20 to 1

: 10 to 6

: a quarter to 4

7 : 45  4 This is the time when Vera first looked at her bedroom clock. This is the time when she looked at it a second time on the same night. How much time had elapsed between the two times? 

8 : 30

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Write the digital times for:

:

25 past 3

b Write the digital times for these clocks.

11 12

2

9

3 8

4

c What is the difference in time between these clocks? 

6

5

:

7 : 15

10 9

11 12

1 2

2

9

4 6

1

10

3

8 7

:

5 to 8

11 12

1

10

7



3 8

5

4 7

6

5

7 : 50

minutes

d Sally’s alarm went off at 7 o’clock. She was ready for the school bus 50 minutes later. Show that time on this digital clock. e What is the digital time 20 minutes earlier than this time? Show the time on this digital clock.  50 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 50

:

:

8 : 10

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

: ☞

Answers on page A6

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

47

Understanding day and night

Each day (24-hour period) is made up of hours when it is dark and hours of daylight. A tip to help you!  There are 12 hours from midnight to midday and another 12 from midday to midnight. On any day there are 12 hours between the same o’clock time in the morning and afternoon, e.g. the difference between 2 o’clock in the morning and 2 o’clock in the afternoon is 12 hours.  1 When does each new day start? B sunrise A midnight

C noon

D sunset

 2 At which time is the rooster most likely to crow? Tick a box. 5 o’clock in the morning 5 o’clock in the evening  3 The number of hours when it is dark varies depending upon the season. If there are 15 hours of daylight, how many hours of darkness will be in the same 24-hour period? 

hours

 4 The hours from 12 o’clock midnight to 12 o’clock midday are the: B daylight hours. A afternoon hours. C night hours. D morning hours.  5 Let’s go over your work! a What is the time 5 hours after the start of a new day? The time is

o’clock.

b Tick a box. This picture is most likely to be showing: 6 o’clock in the morning. 9 o’clock in the morning. 1 o’clock in the afternoon. 5 o’clock in the afternoon.



The number of hours when it is dark varies depending upon the season. c  If there are 11 hours of darkness, how many daylight hours are there in the same 24-hour period? 

hours

d Tim goes to sleep at 8 o’clock at night and wakes up at 9 o’clock the next morning. How long does Tim sleep for? 

hours

e How many hours after 10 o’clock in the morning is 7 o’clock on the same day? 

hours

Answers on page A6

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 51

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

51

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

48

Understanding am and pm

There are 24 hours in each day. Each new day starts at midnight. Midnight to noon hours are labelled the am hours (from ante meridiem), e.g. 7 o’clock in the morning can be written as 7 am. Noon to midnight hours are labelled the pm hours (from post meridiem). The morning hours (am)

(midnight)

12

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

(noon)

8

9

10

11

The afternoon hours (pm)

(noon)

12 (midnight)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 00 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00/24 afterafternoon noon can behours a continuation from 13 to 24 (24 is called 00). A tip to help you! The To hours convert to 24-hour time add 12 to the afternoon-hour time, 12 12

e.g. 5 o’clock in the afternoon will become 17 (12 + 5 = 17). This would be called 17 hundred hours.

 1 Using an am or pm label write the time for 7 o’clock at night.

 2   How many hours are there from

10 am until 5 pm?

hours

 3 Mr Francis left home at 8 am to go to work. He returned home at 6 pm. How long was Mr Francis away from home? 

hours

 4 The Ross family watched a fireworks display. What time are they likely to have watched it? A 2 am B 8 am C 4 pm D 9 pm  5 Let’s go over your work! a Using an am or pm label write the time for 2 o’clock in the morning. 

b How many hours are from 1 am until 2 pm on the same day?

c Misty works as an office cleaner. She arrives at work at 6:30 pm and leaves at 3:30 am. How many hours does she work?

hours

hours

d What might be a suitable time for this party to start? A 4:30 am B 7:30 am C 2:30 pm D 9:30 pm e A plane leaves at 8 am and arrives at its destination 5 hours later. Using an am or pm label, at what time did it arrive?  52 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 52

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A6

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

49

Understanding 24-hour time

Each new day starts at midnight and lasts for 24 hours. The morning hours (am)

(midnight)

12

1

2

3

12

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

The afternoon hours (pm)

(noon)

12

4

(noon)

12 (midnight)

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The hours after noon can be named 13 to 24 (24 is called 00). 00 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00/24

Digital hours are often referred to as ‘hundreds’, e.g. 2 o’clock in the afternoon would be called 14 hundred hours (1400). Half past 2 (2:30) in the afternoon would be 1430 hours. The minutes do not change. A tip to help you!  To convert afternoon hours to 24-hour time add 12 to the afternoon-hour time, e.g. 5 o’clock in the afternoon will become 17 (12 + 5 = 17). This would be called 17 hundred hours.  1 What is 8 o’clock in the afternoon in 24-hour time?   2 Using this 24-hour clock face, what will be the hour number 4 hours after 10 o’clock in the morning?

11 10 22

23

12 00

1

13

142

9 21

 3 Using the 24-hour clock face, what will be the hour number at 6 o’clock in the afternoon?

8

15 3

20 19

7

18

6

 4 According to a timetable, a plane arrives at 9:30 pm. Using 24-hour time, what time will a digital clock show? 

17

16 4

5

: 11 10 22

 5 Let’s go over your work!

23

12 00

1

13

142

9 21 8

a What is 7 pm in 24-hour time? 

15 3

20 19

7

18

6

17

16 4

5

b Using the 24-hour clock face, what will be the hour number 1 hour before midnight?  c Using the above 24-hour clock face, where will the hour hand be at 1530 hours?  d According to a timetable, a plane arrives at 11:30 pm. Using 24-hour time, what time will a digital clock show? 

:

e This is the time Sandra gets home from school. How would this be shown on a 24-hour digital clock? A ☞

4 : 30

Answers on page A6

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 53

B

4 : 50

C 14: 30

10 9

D 16 : 30

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

8

11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3 4

53

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

50

Timetables and time zones

Each new day starts at midnight and lasts for 24 hours. Look at this 24-hour clock. There is no 24:00. Midnight is 00:00, the start of a new day. This clock shows night as the dark half of the clock face and daylight as the white half. On this clock daylight starts at 6 o’clock (06:00) but day and night are not usually this evenly divided.

00 1 22 23 2 21 3 20 4 19 5 18 6 17 7 16 8 15 9 14 13 11 10 12

A tip to help you!  To convert afternoon hours to 24-hour time add 12 to the afternoon hour time, e.g. 5 o’clock in the afternoon will become 17 (12 + 5 = 17). This would be called 17 hundred hours. :

 1 According to the clock above, when does daylight finish?

 2 A train left Greenmill at 4 am. It arrived at Mount Kemp 10 hours later. At what time did it arrive? Give your answer in analog clock time.   3 Not all places in the world experience the same time. The Earth rotates so that different places are in different time zones. In winter New Zealand’s time is 2 hours ahead of the time in Victoria. At 5:45 in Victoria what time is it in New Zealand?  4 According to a timetable, a plane departs at 10 : 30 pm on Monday. It arrives at its destination 4 hours later. : Using 24-hour time, what time will a digital clock show? What day will it be?   5 Let’s go over your work! a What time is 23:00 on an analog clock? It is

o’clock.

b Using the 24-hour clock face, what will be the hour number 4 hours before noon?  c South Australia is half an hour behind NSW.

If it is

2 : 15

:

in NSW, what is the time in South Australia?

d Using 24-hour time, how many hours are between 300 hours and 1700 hours?  e Sydney is 3 hours ahead of Perth in Western Australia. If it is 5 o’clock in Perth, what is the time in Sydney? A 5 o’clock B 8 o’clock C 2 o’clock 54 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 54

D 9 o’clock

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A6

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

51

Fractions and wholes

The top number of a fraction is called the numerator. The bottom number is the denominator. A fraction looks like this: numerator or 3 denominator

5

A tip to help you!  When the numerator and the denominator are the same, the number it equals is 2 2

one whole (1), e.g.  .

 1 Circle a letter for the fraction that is the same as one whole. A

3 4

B

7 10

C

2 3

D

5 5

 2 How many tenths are in one whole? Write numbers in the boxes.   3 How many eighths of this pizza are left on the tray? Write your answer as a fraction.   4 What fraction of this rectangle is coloured? Write the numbers in the boxes.   5 Let’s go over your work! a Circle the fraction that is the same as one whole. A

6 6

B

3 6

C

7 8

D

9 10

D

3 10

b How many ninths are in one whole? c What fraction of this circle is coloured? Write the numerator and denominator in the boxes. d Which fraction of this shape is yet to be coloured to make it show one whole? A

3 7

B

3 5

C

1 3



e A whole pizza is cut ready for serving. What fraction of this pizza is the same as one whole? Write numbers in the boxes. ☞

Answers on page A6

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 55

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

55

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

52

Equivalent fractions

Fractions can be expressed in many ways. Equivalent fractions have the same value even though they look different. When you multiply or divide both the numerator and denominator of a fraction by the same number, the fraction keeps its value. One-half is the same as two-quarters or four-eighths. 1

A tip to help you!  One-quarter ( 4 ) can be written in many ways. The top number is always one-quarter 2

1

of the bottom number. Two-eighths is the same as one-quarter ( = ). Two-sixths is the same as 8 4 2 1 one-third ( = ). Divide the top and bottom number by the same number, in these examples by 2 (÷ 2). 6

3

2

 1 Colour two-quarters ( 4 ) of this rectangle. How many of the eighths did you colour?  1

 2 How many tenths is one-half ( 2 ) the same as?  1

 3 Colour one-third ( 3 ) of this circle. How many of the twelfths did you colour?   4 Circle the fraction with the greatest value. 1 2



1 3

1 4

1 5

1 8

 5 Let’s go over your work! a Divide this circle into quarters and b Ben started a game with 20 marbles. then shade half. How many He lost a quarter of his marbles. quarters did you shade? How many marbles did he lose?







c Colour three-quarters of this rectangle.

How many eighths of the shape is this?

d Part of this shape is shaded. Write two fractions to show how much of the circle is shaded.

and 1

e Circle the fraction that has the same value as one-quarter ( 4 ).

3 5

56 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 56

6 10

3 8

4 16

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

3 10



Answers on page A6

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

53

Fractions and mixed numerals

There are two types of fractions. 5 Proper fractions have values which are less than one (whole), e.g. 8  . Their numerators are less than their denominators. 8 Improper fractions have a numerator as large as, or larger than, their denominators, e.g. 5  . 1 1 7 Mixed numerals are numbers which have both a whole number part and a fractional part, e.g. 1 2 , 3 4 or 6 8 . A tip to help you!  If you know how much one fractional part of a number equals, you can 1

2

calculate the value of more than one part by multiplying, e.g. if you know is 3 then will equal 5 5 5 twice as much or 6 (2  3) and will be 5  3 (15). 5

1

 1 How many halves are in 1 2 ?

 2 How many eighths are in two wholes?

 3 Circle the option that is an improper fraction. 3 5



9 10

13 20





4 3

19 20

 4 What mixed numeral does the shading represent here? Write numbers in the boxes.   5 Let’s go over your work! a How many halves 1 are in 2 2 ?

b How many quarters are in three wholes?

c Circle the option that is a proper fraction. 1 15





10 10



6 5



8 2

5 4

d What mixed numeral does the shading represent here? Write numbers in the boxes.  e ☞

When Hans cut some small pizzas into 20 quarters he found he had 20 pieces or 4  . How many whole pizzas did he cut up? A 4 B 5 B 6 D 10

Answers on page A7

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 57

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

57

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

54

Improper fractions and mixed numerals 8

Improper fractions have a numerator as large as, or larger than, their denominators, e.g. 5 . Improper fractions can be converted to mixed numerals by dividing the numerator by 8 3 the denominator, e.g. 5 becomes 1 5 (8 ÷ 5 = 1 and 3 left over out of the next 5). A tip to help you!  You find the value of an improper fraction by dividing the numerator by the denominator, e.g.

7 3 =1 . 4 4

 1 What is this improper fraction as a mixed numeral? Write your answer in the boxes. 

5 2

 2 What is this improper fraction as a mixed numeral?

10 3

 3 What is this improper fraction as a whole number?

8 4



 4 Which mixed numeral does this diagram represent?

 5 Let’s go over your work! a What is this improper fraction as a mixed numeral?

9 2

b What is this improper fraction as a mixed numeral?

15 4 6

c What is this improper fraction as a whole number? 3



d Which improper fraction does this diagram represent?  e When Rajesh cut some pizzas into sixths he found he had 24 pieces. How many whole pizzas did he cut up?  58 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 58

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A7

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

55

Fractions and whole numbers

When the numerator of a fraction is 1 (one) to find the whole number for that fraction you multiply 1 4 by the denominator, e.g. if 5 is 4 of a certain number then 20 is 4 of the number (or the whole number) 3 (4  5 = 20). 4 of that number will be 15 (3  5 =15). A tip to help you!  When the numerator (top number) and denominator (bottom number) are the same, that fraction can be represented by 1, e.g.

4 5 = 1, = 1. 4 5

 1 If one-tenth of a number is 4, what is the whole number?   2 If one-fifth of a number is 10, what is three-fifths of that number?  1

 3 Mel has 20 certificates. One-fifth ( 5  ) of Mel’s certificates are for Maths. The rest are for Reading. How many certificates does Mel have for Reading?   4 If three-fifths of my money is $6, what is four-fifths of my money? 

$

 5 Let’s go over your work! a If one-third of a number is 7, what is the whole number?  b If one-sixth of a number is 3, what is five-sixths of that number?  c Lester has 20 superhero comics. This is two-fifths of all his comics. How many comics does Lester have? d If nine-ninths of a number is 18, what is the whole number?  e If one-fifth of Sasha’s money is $10 and she spends three-fifths of her money buying books, how much does she spend?  ☞

Answers on page A7

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 59

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

$ 59

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

56

Simplifying fractions

Equivalent fractions have the same value even though they look different. When you multiply or divide both the numerator and denominator by the same number the fraction keeps its value, e.g. one-half is the same as three-sixths or fifty hundredths. 3

A tip to help you!  Fractions such as 4 are often called vulgar fractions or common fractions so as

to distinguish them from decimal fractions (usually shortened to decimals). 15 25

 1

can be simplified. What fraction do you get if you divide the numerator and denominator by 5?

 2

1 5

is equivalent to many other fractions. What fraction do you get if you multiply the numerator and denominator by 2? 4

 3 Simplify 20 .

 4 This diagram shows equivalent fractions. Complete this equation using the diagram. =

 5 Let’s go over your work! a

16 20



What fraction do you get What fraction do you get if if you divide the numerator you multiply the numerator and and denominator by 4? denominator by 5?

can be simplified.

3

b is equivalent to many other fractions. 10

12

c Simplify 18  . d Look at this diagram. What is the missing fraction? e Look at this diagram.

1 2

2 4

3 6

?

Complete this equation using the diagram.

Numerator 2



Denominator 5 1 0 0 0 0 0

60

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8

0 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd

60

=



Answers on page A7

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

57

This is a number line. The arrows indicate that the line can continue in both directions. Fractions can be shown on number lines. –5

–4

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

–5

–4

–3

–2

–1

0

1

2

3

4

5

5

1

23

1

A tip to help you!  Tenths convert easily to decimals, e.g. 10 = 0.1, 10 = 2.3, 3 2 becomes 3.5 because

1 –5 has –4 to–3 –1 0 to a 1 fraction 2 3 of 410. Half 5 = 0.5. One-half be –2 changed of 10 is 5. 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 10

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10

10

10

10

7 10

10

8 10

1

?

8

1 ?  10 10What missing fraction 10 is10the10 10 10 10 10on this number line? Write your answer in the boxes. –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 –1 –5 –4 –3 –2 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 50 10 10 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 X 0

1

0

81 102

?1

1

1

1

1

X 1

2

–5

 0

1 3

2 3

0

1 4 2

1 2 03 6 7 8 15 110 210 310 410 510 610 710 810 14 105 2 10 37 1084 10 5 1010 11 6 10 7 1310 814 10 ? 10 10 3 310 2 103 3 3 10 3 10 3 410 3 103 5

0 0

1 X? 10 ? 1

–4 1 3

–3 2 3

–2 1

–1 4 3

5 3

1

0 2

7 3

1 2

0

1

3

22

2 2  2 2What is the missing number for the position X on this number line?

1

2

08

1 2

3

3

3 101 3

4

5

1 11 12 3 4

1 2 142 2 13 3 3 5

3

1  3 What would be the mixed numeral for the dot on this number line? 0 3 01 0 2

2

–1

0

1

2

5 10

6 10

7 10

03

8 10

1 X

2

7 3

8 3

4

1

3

10 3

11 3

?

1 4 1

Answers on page A7

1

Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 61

C

X X

4 3

1 X

5 3

2

7 3

4

2

1

6 2 1

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8

B

5

2 3

14 d 13 Put a cross to show where 7 2 would 3 3 5 2 X be11on this number line. 2 X

1



0

1 3

8 3

2 3 3 4 4 5 6 5 7 8 0 2 1 ? 1 1 1 10 1011 10 1310 014 102 101 10 12 102 10 22 3 1 1 3 3 3 4 3 3 15 6 8 0 1 2 101 1 12 2 1 2 2 3 0 1 12 2 2 2 3 2

1

4



5

1 1 2 4 1 1

4

1

1 ? 0 1 1 8 5 0 1 2 43 8 10 1 2 X6 4 1 2 4? 5 7 8 1 10 11 13 14 4 5 8 0 1 3 2 3 1 4 3 5 3 2 7 3 8 3 3 103 113 4 133 143 5 A B C D 01 32 3 14 35 3 27 38 3 310 11 3 3 4 3 3 5 13 14 Let’s 0 go 1 your 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 50 3 3over 3 3 work! 1 2 3 4 51 6 72 8 9 3 10 A D 0B 1C ? 1 8 1 2 23 4 35 6 47 8 5 9 10 0 1 42 1 2 3 7 8 8 4 10 10 11 4 65 13 14 0 1 2 3 3 3 3 38 3 3 10 3 3 4 3 3 5 a What is the 2 3 missing 4 fraction 5 on this number line? 4 6 ? 21 3 4 5 6 D 8 10 A B C 4 1 2 X 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Write your 0 answer 1 here. 2  3 1 2 3 4 1 0 1 2 X? 3 2 3 1 4 2 5 3 4 8 4 1 ? 0 1 1 2 3 4 8 1 2 X 3 1 3 ?1 0 1 1 8 c Put an X on this number line to show 2 4 . b Which dot 0represents 6121? 2 2 1 3 2 A 1 2B 2 C D 3 1X 2 X 3 Circle 2a letter. 0 1 2 3A 4 5B 6C 7 8 9 D0 10 1 0 1 3 41 ?2 0 1 2 A3 4 B5 C6 7 8 D9 10 8 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 1 2 X 3

0 4 10

1 2

 4 Put a cross to show where 2 3 would 4 be on this number2 line. 3 1  5

5 3

A

Fractions on number lines

D

2

X

2 8 2

X 3 10 X 3 X 3

B C e What is theA mixed numeral

3

0 3 for 1 the 2 position 3 4 X? 5 3

1

6

2

2

X

3

8

1

2 1 2

0

1

0

4

1

4 6

8

1

2

D

8

X

2 Skills 3Money, Time, 4 Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4 Basic 1

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6

9

10

0

3

61

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

1

2

UNIT

58

Number lines with decimals

Decimals are a way of expressing tenths. 2 5 You can see that 10 = 0.2 and 10 = 0.5. 1 1 10

= 1.1. Whole numbers can be included: Decimals can also be shown on number lines.

0

1 10

2 10

3 10

4 10

5 10

6 10

7 10

8 10

9 10

0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

1

1

4 4 5 5 6 77 8 0 71 821 293 1 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 10 10 1 10 10 10 10 10 1010 10 10 1 0 10 10 10 is to ‘think’ of the decimal as a whole A tip to help you!  A quick trick 10 to 10 count 10 10in decimal 10 10 amounts 10 10 10 number, e.g. What is the next number in this sequence: 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, ? 0 0.10 0.6 0.7 1 8 1 0.3 20.4 3 5 0.86 9 1 It looks like counting by 2s (21, 23, 25). The next term will be 27 with a decimal4 point (2.7). 7 0 0.1 0.2 0.310 0.410 0.510 0.610 0.710 0.810 0.910 110 10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

 1 Fill in the empty boxes1 to 2 complete the number line. 10 10 0

4 10

0.1

1 7100 10

5 10

C 0

10

0

7

9

1 1 3 103 2 4 4102 51 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

4 5 6 7 B D 10 10 10 10 10 0.64 0.75 0.8 7 10 10 10

A10

0 0.1 0.31 0.42 0.6 0.7 0.8 10 1 10

0.3 0.4

1

2

1

8 10

3

4

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 00 0.1 1 1 1 1 6 7 8 1 112 2 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 2 5 1 1 4 5 7 0 1 1210 210 2 210 4 42 1 5 2 2 10 10 line. 10 10 10 Write the letter to show where each number goes on the number C2 3A 4 5 B D 1 1 1 A B D1 C 0 1 12 2 2 2 3 3 2 4 2 0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 1 2 3 B 0 1 2 3 C 4 A 1 2 4 5 7 9 1 3 2 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 10 10 10 10 10 1 10 0.3   103.07.0 7.1 7.2 17.3 7.51 37.6 1 1 10 00 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 43 7

 2 What is0 the1decimal 2 3 for 42 10 5?  1 10 10 10 10 10  3

21 5 1 14 19 1210 2 10 2 2 2 10 0 10 0.1 10.2 0.3 1 2 3

3

04

0.17

1 09 211 310 3 2

0.3 0.4

0.6 0.7 0.8

 4 If 10 + 10 = 10 what does 0.3 + 0.4 =  2

3

1  5 Let’s go over your 1work!

0

2

1

1

2

12

3

22

1

32

1

2

4

3 C

45 1

4

2

42

5

0 2

6

2

A

4 3

2

8

1

2

1 1 1

0.9 11 9 10 1

42 4 D 1

42

1 5 1

5

4

B D

5 4

9 10 9 10

10

2

5

3

4

A C correct decimal a Add the for each box B7.0D 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0 as indicated by the arrow. 0

1

2

b What is the decimal for 4

3

1 13 2 ?

6

c Put a cross to show where 6.5 would be on line. 4 2 this number 3 5

8

4 2 7.1 7.2 37.3 7.0 4

10

6

7.54 7.6 7.7 57.8 7.9 8.0

8

7.0 4 7.1 7.2 67.3

10 7.5 87.6 7.7 7.8 10 7.9 8.0

d What is the missing decimal on this number line? 

7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3

7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0

4

6

8

10

9

e What is the mixed numeral for 5 ? 4

62 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 62

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8

10

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A7

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

59

More on number lines with decimals 25

1

Decimals are also a way of expressing hundredths, e.g. 0.25 is 25 hundredths or 100 or 4 and 0.65 is 65 13 65 hundredths or 100 or 20 . A tip to help you!  To change hundredths to decimals simply add a point before the numerator, e.g.

73 = 0.73. 100

 1 This is a small part of a number line showing hundredths. Put a cross at the point 0.12. 0.00 0.00

0.1 0.1

0.2 0.2

0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20

 2 This is the next part of a number line showing hundredths. Put a cross at the point 0.37. 0.2 0.2

0.3 0.3

0.4 0.4

0.20 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40

Now simplify this fraction.

 3 What fraction out of 100 is 0.75?

 4 How many hundredths are represented by 0.83?   5

0.00 0 Let’s go over your11 work! 0 0.00

0.1 0.1

22

33

0.2 55 0.2

44

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20

a This is a small part of a number line showing hundredths. Put a cross at the point 0.07. 0.7 0.7 0.00 0.2 0.2

0.8 0.8 0.1 0.3 0.3

0.9 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.4

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40

0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 b How many hundredths are represented by 0.03? 

0.2

0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40

0.3

c What fraction out of 100 is 0.60? 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27

0.4

Now simplify this fraction.

and

0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40

d Put a cross to show where 3.80 (also called 3.8) would be on this number line. 0 0

1 1

2 2

0.7 0 0.7

1

2

3 3

4 4

5 5

3

4

0.9 5 0.9

e This is part of a number line. Put a cross at the point 0.85.



Answers on page A7

0.7 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 63

0.8 0.8

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

0.8

0.9

63

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

UNIT

60

Counting with fractions and decimals

A tip to help you!  When counting with fractions remember to simplify when the numerator and the denominator can be divided by the same number, e.g. both numerator and denominator of 2 5

can be divided by 10 ( ).

20 50

 1 What is the next term in this sequence?

3 , 4

1

3

1

14 , 14, 24, 

 2 What is the next term in this sequence? 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1,   3 What is the next term in this sequence? 2 4 , , 5 5

1

3

15, 15, 

 4 What is the next ‘jump’ on this number line?  7.0

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.9

8.0

?

 5 Let’s go over your work! a 0What is the missing term0.1in this sequence? 0.02

4 2 ,1 , 5 0.015

2,

1

4

, 35, 35

?



0.2

0.15

0.21

b What is the missing term in this sequence? 7.0



7.1

7.2

1.4, 1.8, 2.2,

?

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.7

7.9

7.5

7.6

7.7

?

7.9

8.0

0.2

0.01

0.15 1 4

8.0

7.8

0.1

0.02

0

7.8



7.2 7.3 7.4 c 7.0 Fill in the missing decimals. 0

7.6

 , 3.0, 3.4

0.3

3 4

0.3

0.21

4 4

d What is the missing term in this sequence?

1.25, 1.75, 2.25, 7.0

? 7.2

, 3.25, 3.75 7.3

7.4

7.5



7.6

7.7

7.8

7.9

8.0

e What is the missing term in this sequence?

3 10

4

,

3 5

9

, 10 ,

0

6

64 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 64

1

, 12

? 1 4

 3

8

4 10

4 4

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A8

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

TEST

5

Money, time, fractions and decimals

 1 Mr James purchases fuel that comes to $20.33 on the bowser display. If he pays cash for his purchase, how much will he pay?   2 Vincent purchased a magazine for $5.98. If he pays cash for his purchase, how much will he pay? 

$

.

$

.

 3 At a fete Nicole buys some loose toffees for a total price of $2.06. Circle the least number of coins she could have used to pay for her purchase.

 4 How many minutes past 9 o’clock are shown on this clock? 

11 12

11 12

1

10

2

9

3 8

4 7

6

5

1

10

2

9

3 8

4 7

6

5

 5 Which number will the second hand be on 15 seconds after the full minute?  6 How many hours are there from 5 o’clock in the morning until 5 o’clock in the afternoon? 

hours

 7 How many weeks and days is 25 days? It is

weeks and

days.

 8 How many fifths are in three wholes?   9 If one-tenth of a number is 5, what is the whole number?  3

 10 Colour these circles to show the fraction 2 8 .



Answers on page A8

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 65

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

65

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

TEST

6

Money, time, fractions and decimals

 1 Batteries cost $1.03 each and Jo buys two. At the checkout Jo tenders $2.50 in cash. How much change will she get?  2 The total cost of mower repairs, with tax, comes to $30.96. Wayne can pay with a debit card or cash.  If Wayne pays with cash, how much will he save?  3 Ed is given a $50 note for an item costing $18. What is the first note or coin Ed will hand the customer  as he counts out the change?  4 Write the time 20 to 11 on this digital clock display.  5 The number of hours of darkness varies depending upon the season. If there are 11 daylight hours, how many hours of darkness are in the same 24-hour period?

hours

 6 Using the 24-hour clock, what will be the hour number at 9 o’clock at night?  7 A plane leaves at 9 pm and arrives at its destination 5 hours later. Using an am or pm label, at what time did it arrive?   8

3 5

is equivalent to many other fractions. 7.0

7.1

0

0.02

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

What fraction do you get if you multiply the  numerator and denominator by 5?  9 What is the mixed numeral for

7.7

7.8

7.9

11 0.1 ? 3

8.0

?

0.2

0.01

0.15

0.3

0.21

 10   What are the missing decimals on this number line? Write your answer in the boxes. 7.0

66

0

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 66

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.9

Basic Skills Money, Time,3 Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4 1 4 4

4

8.0



Answers on page A8

4

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

TEST

7

NAPLAN-style questions on money, time, fractions and decimals

 1 A paintbrush has a price tag of 54c. How much would it cost paying with cash? A 50c

B 54c

C 55c

D 60c

 2 A meal comes to a total of $11.27. How much would it cost paying with cash? A $11.00

B $11.20

C $11.25

D $11.30

 3 For car repairs Roy is charged a total of $199.99. If he uses cash, how much will he pay? A $199.00

B $199.90

C $199.95

D $200.00

C 48

D 50

 4 How many hours long is the weekend? A 20

B 24

 5 Which is the time for a quarter to 7 on a digital display? A

6 : 15

B



 6 Silvia wakes up at 7 : 30 before she got up? A 15 min

C

6 : 45

7 : 45

8 : 15 . How many minutes did she wait

and stays in bed until

B 30 min

D

7 : 15

C 35 min

D 45 min

7.1 in7.2 7.3 7.4 to7.5 7.6 in 7.7the7.8 7.9 are 8.0the:  7 The hours from 67.0o’clock the morning 6 o’clock evening

A daylight hours. C night hours. 20

B afternoon hours. D morning hours. 0.1

0

0.02  8 What is 50 when it is simplified?

A

1 2

0.01

B



1 4

?

C



0.2 5 2

0.15



2

D 5

0.3

0.21

2

 9 Jarred has 10 superhero comics. This is 5 of all his comics. How many comics does he have in total? A 15

7.0

7.2

B 20

7.3

C 7.425 7.5

7.6

7.7 7.8 D 50

7.9

8.0

 10   What is the missing fraction in its simplest form on this number line? 0

A ☞

3 4

B



Answers on page A8

1 2

3 4

4 4

3

2

C 2



D 1

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 67

1 4

67

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4

4

6

8

10

1/07/2016 12:25 PM

TEST

8

NAPLAN-style questions on money, time, fractions and decimals

 1 In his moneybox Brad has saved twenty 5c pieces and five 20c pieces. Which coin or note can Brad exchange his savings for? A $1 coin B $2 coin C $5 note D $10 note  2 Bars of bath soap are sold in packs of four for $7. They are also for sale as single bars at $1.80 each. How much extra does it cost for a single bar compared with a bar from a pack? A 5c B 10c C 20c D 40c

Soft for silky skin

 3 Ink cartridges are worth $20. At a sale their price is reduced by 20%. What is their sale price? B $15 C $16 D $18 A $4  4 Meg’s purchases come to $17.63. If Meg decides to pay with her debit card, she will: B pay an extra 2 cents. A save 2 cents. D pay the purchase price. C save 3 cents.  5 This is the time Sandra gets home from school. How could this be shown on a 24-hour digital clock?

11 12

1

10

2

9

A

4 : 56



B 16 : 56

C 14 : 56

3 8

D 11 : 05

4 7

6

5

 6 What would be a suitable time for the activity in this picture to take place? A 5:00 am B 11:30 am D 4:00 pm C 1:30 pm  7 Which clock number represents 9 pm in 24-hour time? A 9 B 15 C 19

D 21

 8 Perth (Western Australia) is 3 hours behind Hobart (Tasmania). If it is 4 o’clock in the morning in Hobart, what is the time in Perth? A 1 o’clock B 4 o’clock C 7 o’clock D 10 o’clock  9 Which is the next term in this sequence? 9

A 1 11

11

B 2 9

4 9

8

1

7

, 9 , 13 , 19 ,

?

9

C 2 11

 10    Which is the next number in this sequence? 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4. A 2.5 68 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 68

B 2.8

C 3.0

Circle a letter. 2

D 2 9

? D 3.6

Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4



Answers on page A8

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:25 PM

Answers Year 3

Unit 6 Rounding up to the next 10c   Page 6

Unit 1 Counting money—mixed coins and notes   Page 1

1 $11.25 ((5  $2) + $1 + (2  10c) + 5c = $11.25) 2 $55.00 ((2  $20) + $10 + $5 = $55.00) 3 $17.80 ($10 + $5 + $2 + 50c + 20c + (2  5c) = $17.80) 4 $8.45 ($5 + $2 + (2  50c) + 20c + (2  10c) + 5c = $8.45) 5 a $3.85 ($2 + $1 + 50c + (2  10c) + (3  5c) = $3.85)

b $50.00 note ((2  $5) + (2  $20) = $50.00) c $18.45 ($10 + $5 + $2 + $1 + (2  20c) + 5c = $18.45) d $8.00 (Brett has $10.00: $2 + $5 + 3  $1 = $10.00. Brett needs another $8.00. $18.00 – $10.00 = $8.00) e $4.25 ((3  50c) + (6  20c) + (11  10c) + (9  5c) = $4.25)

Unit 2 Getting change in dollars   Page 2

1 a $7 ($10 – $3 = $7) 2 a $9 ($20 – $11 = $9) 3 a $28 ($50 – $22 = $28) 4 $8 ($60 – $52 = $8) 5 a $18 ($20 – $2 = $18)

b $2 ($10 + $5 = $15; $15 – $13 = $2) b $16 ($20 – $4 = $16) b $35 ($50 – $15 = $35)

b $6 ($10 + $20 = $30; $30 – $24 = $6) c $12 ($20 + $20 = $40; $40 – $28 = $12) d $65 ($100 – $35 = $65) e $5, $10 ($50 – $35 = $15; $10 + $5 = $15)

Unit 3 Getting change in coins

  Page 3

1 a 80c ($2 – $1.20 = 80c) b 50c ($5.00 – $4.50 = 50c) 2 a 40c ($2 + $2 = $4; $4.00 – $3.60 = 40c) b 10c ($5.00 – $4.90 = 10c) 3 a 30c (50c – 20c = 30c) b $1 ($5 + $10 = $15; $15 – $14 = $1) 4 Change equals $1.25. A cross should be on the $1, 20c and 5c coins. 5 a 70c ($2.00 – $1.30 = 70c) b 35c ($2.00 – $1.65 = 35c) c $3.50 ($5.00 – $1.50 = $3.50) d 5c ($10.00 – $9.95 = 5c) e $1.30 ($10.00 – $8.70 = $1.30) A cross should be on the $1, 20c and 10c (or two 5c) coins.

Unit 4 Getting change in notes and coins   Page 4

1 a $4.10 ($5.00 – 90c = $4.10) b $1.40 ($5.00 – $3.60 = $1.40) 2 a $6.20 ($10.00 – $3.80 = $6.20) b $7.50 ($20.00 – $12.50 = $7.50) 3 a $34.50 ($50.00 – $15.50 = $34.50) b $17.00 ($20.00 + $20.00 = $40.00) ($40.00 – $23.00 = $17.00) 4 The change would be $6.50. The crossed coins would be 3  $2 coins + one 50c coin. 5 a $9.50 ($10.00 – 50c = $9.50) b $9.20 ($20.00 – $10.80 = $9.20) c $4.50 (2  $10 = $20; $20.00 – $15.50 = $4.50) d Mr Ohm’s change would be $45. The crossed notes would be the two $20 notes and a $5 note. e The CDs cost Jason $45. The crossed notes would be the $20 note, the two $10 notes and a $5 note.

Unit 5 Rounding up to the next 5c   Page 5

1 C (Round up to the next 5c.) 2 C (Round up to the next 5c.) 3 $24.05 (Round up to the next 5c.) 4 Mrs Leong will not get any change as the purchase price will be rounded to $1.25. 5 a D (Round up to the next 5c.) b B (Round up to the next 5c.) c $15.05 (Round up to the next 5c.) d 5c (No rounding required) e 5c ($2.01 + $3.13 = $5.14; Round $5.14 to $5.15; $5.20 – $5.15 = 5c)

1 B (Round $4.88 to $4.90.) 2 D (Round $9.48 to $9.50.) 3 $2 (Round $1.99 to $2.00.) 4 The change is 10c. (Round $4.89 to $4.90; $5.00 – $4.90 = 10c) 5 a C ( Round up to the next 10c.)

b D ( Two biros would cost 2  $1.49 = $2.98; Round up to the next 10c.) c $1 change (Round to the next 10c or $4.00; $5.00 – $4.00 = $1.00) d No change (66c  3 = $1.98; $1.98 rounded to the next 10c = $2.00) e Put a cross on the two 20-cent pieces. (Round $9.59 to the next 10c = $9.60; $10.00 – $9.60 = 40c)

Unit 7 Rounding down to the nearest 10c   Page 7

1 80c (Round down to the previous 10c.) 2 A (Round down to the previous 10c.) 3 $30.10 (Round down to the previous 10c.) 4 Put a cross on the 10-cent coin and one 20-cent coin. (Round $3.72 down to $3.70; $4.00 – $3.70 = 30c) 5 a $1 (Round down to the previous 10c.)

b B (Round $98.91 down to the previous 10c = $98.90.) c $2.60 (2  $1.31 = $2.62; Round down to the previous 10c.) d Put a cross on the 10c piece. (Round $3.91 to $3.90.) e $4.10 (Round down to the previous 10c.)

Unit 8 Rounding down to the nearest 5c   Page 8

1 65c (Round down to the previous 5c.) 2 C (Round down to the previous 5c.) 3 $130.95 (Round down to the previous 5c.) 4 Put a cross on the 5c piece. (Round $4.97 to $4.95; $5.00 – $4.95 = 5c) 5 a $1.65 (Round down to the previous 5c.)

b D (Round down to the previous 5c.) c $2.55 (No rounding required) d Put a cross on the 5c piece. (Round $2.07 to $2.05; $2.10 – $2.05 = 5c) e $3.85 (Round down to the previous 5c.)

Unit 9 Counting up change

1 10c coin (When counting up, start with the coin of least value.) 2 $1 coin (Ashlie will give change of $1 and $5 in that order—a total of $6.) 3 A (Glenn will give change of 5c, 20c, 50c and $2—in that order.) 4 $5 note (Marcus will give notes of $5 and $10 in that order—a total of $15.) 5 a 50c coin (I will give change of 50c and $1 in that order—a total of $1.50.) b $2 coin (Denni will give change of $2, $2 and $10 in that order—a total of $14.) c C ( Aaron will give change of 20c, $2 and $2 in that order—a total of $4.20.) d E (When counting up the coin of greatest value is the last coin given.) e $5 note (Elsie will give notes of $5, $10 and $20 in that order—a total of $35.)

Unit 10 Rounding and counting up change   Page 10

1 B (Julie rounds up to 40c, then gives change of 10c and 50c in that order—a total of 60c.) 2 C (Round down to $8.60, then give change of 20c, 20c and $1 in that order—a total of $1.40.)

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 1

  Page 9

A1

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:26 PM

3 $2 coin ($1.79 is rounded up to $1.80, then change of 20c, $1 and $2 is given in that order.) 4 $2 ($31.44 is rounded to $31.45, then change is given of 5c, 50c, $1and $2 in that order.) 5 a C ( 81c is rounded down to 80c, then 20c and $1 in that

Unit 15 Understanding 1-minute intervals   Page 15 11 12 10

10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6 5

2

2 3

10 9 8

4

11 12 1

7 6

2 3

5

4

3

10 9

4a

2 3

8

8

4 7

10 9

6 5

11 12 1

7 6

5

7

10

2

9

4

3

8

4 7

6 5

55

50

40

35

10 9 8

11 12 1

7

6 5

60

30

10

15

20

25

2 3 4

2 3

minute hand has to move to the next number—5 minutes.) 5 a 25 minutes past 8 o’clock (5  5 = 25) b c 3 (5  3 = 15) d The time is 20 minutes to 3. e There are 40 minutes between the numbers 2 and 10. 5

4

10 9 8

A2

Unit 16 Understanding seconds

7 6

5

2 3

10 9

4

8

11 12 1

7 6

5

2 3 4

6

5

1

7

5

2

3

8

4

6

  Page 16

1 10 seconds (The second hand is on the 2: 2  5 =10.) 2 4 (4  5 = 20) 3 4 7 seconds (5 + 2 = 7) 5 a 18 seconds (15 + 3 = 18) 11 12

1

2

b

11

12

1

10

2 3 4 6

5

6

5

1

10

3

4

2

9

4

7

6

11 12

1

7

5

10

3

8

5

2

9

3

8

4

6

When the second hand is on 9 there are 15 seconds to go before it is on the 12.

  Page 17

Unit 18 Understanding digital ‘to’ time   Page 18

1 8:50, 2:40, 11:45, 3:55 (The hour will be the hour just passed

and you count the minutes around from 12—you can count in fives.) 2 1:40, 7:55, 5:45, 10:50 (Start with the previous hour then tally up the minutes that have elapsed or subtract the minute number from 60.) 3 20 to 8, 25 to 12, 15 to 10 (or a quarter to ten), 1 (minute) to 3 (Take the minutes from 60 and go to the next full hour.) 4 1:50, 7:40, 4:55, 3:58 (Take the minutes from 60 and go back to the previous full hour.) 5 a 4:55, 12:35 (Count the minutes ‘to’ 60 and go back to the previous full hour.) b 8:42 (Count the minutes back to 12 (40 + 2) and go back to the previous full hour.) c 9:50, 4:45 (Take the minutes from 60 and go back to the previous full hour.) d 1:44, 12:31 (Take the minutes from 60 and go back to the previous full hour.) e 20 to 3, 2 to 12 (Take the minutes from 60 and go to the next full hour.)

Unit 19 Understanding day and night

  Page 19

1 12 o’clock (Both hands point to 12.) 2 6 o’clock in the evening. This is around the time many students do their homework. 3 12 hours (Midday to midnight is half a day or 12 hours.) 4 D (Morning hours are from midnight to midday.) 5 a 6 o’clock

b 9 o’clock in the morning (when lessons have started) c 6 hours (There are 2 hours to 12 noon and another 4 hours to 4 o’clock (2 + 4 = 6).) d 15 hours (There are 6 hours to 12 noon and another 9 hours to 9 o’clock (6 + 9 = 15).) e 5 hours (Work backwards. There are 3 hours after 12 noon and 2 before 12 noon. 3 + 2 = 5)

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 2

11 12 1

4

7

11 12

10

9

e 9:22

5

1 10 minutes (The minute hand is on 2 which is two lots of 5 minutes from the 12.) 2 5 (5  5 = 25) 4 5 minutes to 4 o’clock (The 3 (5  8 = 40) 7 6

5

3

1 2:20, 6:05, 10:15, 11:11 2 2:05, 3:25, 7:10, 11:15 3 23 past 7, 19 past 11, 13 past 9, 5 past 1 4 2:30, 9:16, 7:05, 1:21 5 a 7:12, 11:03 b 2:16, 9:03 c 28 past 7, 19 past 11 d 5:20, 7:30

Unit 14 Understanding 5-minute intervals   Page 14

5

4

2

Unit 17 Understanding digital ‘past’ time

11 12 1 2 10 9 3 8 4 7 6 5

45

7 6

8

1

8

7

minute hand was on 3. She finished 10 minutes later when the minute hand was on 5.) 4 This diagram shows how the hour numbers and the minute numbers match up. 5 a 5 minutes (There are 5 minutes between the numbers on a clock face.) b 10 minutes (Two lots of 5 minutes) c Minnie arrives at school at half past 7. d 8 (Count the intervals between the small lines.) e The missing numbers are: 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 (which is also 0). Check with the diagram for question 4.

11 12 1

3

11 12

10

9

c 11 (The second hand moves through 5 seconds from 11 to 12.) d 20 seconds (60 – 40 = 20) e 9 (The second hand will be on the 9 after 45 seconds; 5  9 = 45.)

1 5 minutes 2 10 minutes (Two lots of 5 minutes) 3 5 (Simone started training at 15 minutes past 5 when the

8

9

b c The minute hand will be between 4 and 5. d The time is 4 minutes to 5 o’clock. e 2 minutes (There is 1 minute to half past 8 and another minute to 29 to 9.)

8

Unit 13 Understanding minutes   Page 13

10 9

2

6

3

5 a 16 minutes

10

7

2

4

9

c 360 minutes (6 hours: 6  60) d 45 minutes (three-quarters of an hour) 4 a 5 minutes b 30 minutes c 30 minutes d 15 minutes 5 a 30 minutes are on the ‘past’ side (right) side of the clock face. b 30 minutes are on the ‘to’ side (left) side of the clock face. c Yes (When the minute hand is on 6 it is half ‘past’ the hour.) d 30 minutes (half an hour) e a quarter past 6, half past 6, a quarter to 7

4

1

5

6

7

1 Yes (The right-hand side of the clock is the ‘past’ side.) 2 Yes (The left-hand side of the clock is the ‘to’ side.) 3 a 60 minutes (1 hour) b 15 minutes (quarter of an hour)

2 3

11 12

7

11 12

Unit 12 ‘Past’ and ‘to’ times   Page 12

11 12 1

5

1

8

8

b a quarter to 12, a quarter past 10, a quarter past 5, a quarter to 4 c a quarter to 8 d 1 hour (A quarter past 3 to a quarter past 4 is 1 hour.) e 30 minutes (It is half an hour from a quarter to 3 to a quarter past 3.)

8

6

11 12

10

9

10

11 12 1

5 a 15 minutes (quarter of an hour)

10 9

4

9

b

2 3

3

8

Unit 11 Half-hours and quarter-hours   Page 11

1

2

9

order is given to her.) b C $ 2.32 is rounded down to $2.30, then he is given change of 20c, 50c, $2 and $5 in that order.) c $2 coin (Round up to 20c then get change of 10c, 20c 50c and $2 in that order.) d $3.35 (Round up to $6.65, then get change of 5c, 10c, 20c, $1 and $2 is given in that order) e five coins (5c, 10c, 20c, $1 and $2 coins)

11 12 1

1 22 minutes 2 The minute hand will be between 9 and 10. 426 minutes 3

1

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:26 PM

Unit 20 Understanding 24-hour time

  Page 20

1 15 (You will see that the afternoon 3 is above the 15.) 2 The hand will point to 13 (13 hundred hours). Count around from the 9. 3 18 4 19:00 (hours) 5 a Look at the clock or the diagram and you will see that 8 o’clock in the morning is still 8 o’clock in 24-hour time. b 14 (2 o’clock). 8 + 6 = 14 (14 hundred hours). c False (When the 24-hour clock is at 16 the time will be 4 o’clock in the afternoon.) d 00 (12 o’clock midnight is 00 because it is the beginning of a new day.) e 22 (7 hours after 3 o’clock in the afternoon is 10 o’clock at night. The digital time for 10 pm is 22 (22:00).)

Unit 21 Fraction relationships—halves   Page 21

1 Two of the four parts (quarters) should be coloured. 2 Four parts (eighths) should be coloured. 3 12  , 24  , 48 4 Three parts (sixths) should be coloured. 5 a Five parts (tenths) should be coloured. b 6 c 2 d 12 or 48 e Kiah had 6 shaded parts and 6 unshaded parts giving a total of 12.

Unit 22 Fraction relationships—quarters

  Page 22

larger the fraction. is much smaller than .) 8 2 5 a Both lines should go through the centre at right angles. b 3 (One-quarter of 12 is 3. 12 divided by 4 = 3.) e

1 2 or 4 8

1 (The larger the number on the bottom of the fraction, the 2 1 smaller the fraction. has greater value than all the other 2

options.)

Unit 23 Fraction relationships—thirds   Page 23

1

2

or

2

1 D (Five parts of five is one whole—1.) 2 10 10 3 Seven-eighths of the pizza have been eaten ( 78 + 18 = 1). 4 88 (the whole circle) 2 3 5 3 d (two halves) e of the pizza is left (1 – = ). 5 a 66 b 3 c 10 10 2 8 8 8 Unit 26 Fractions of objects

  Page 26

1

1 2 (Shaun has 10 cubes. 5 of 10 is 2. 10 ÷ 5 = 2. Two cubes should be coloured.)

2 4 (Carol had 12 eggs. 13 of 12 is 4. 12 ÷ 3 = 4. Carol used four eggs.) 3 $10 (5  $2 = $10) 4   1 2 of 10 is 2. of 10 is 4. 5 5

5 a 4 (20 ÷ 5 = 4) b 3 (9 ÷ 3 = 3) 1

c $25 ( 5 of Natalie’s money is $5. She has five lots of $5 or $25.

5  $5 = $25)

1 2 (The shape has 8 equal parts. One-quarter of 8 is 2.) 2 4 (To get one-quarter of a number you divide by 4.) 3 3 1 (The circle has 12 equal parts. One-quarter of 12 is 3.) on the bottom of the fraction, the 4 8 (The smaller the number 1 1

c 4 d

Unit 25 Fractions and wholes   Page 25

1 5

d 16 ( of 20 marbles = 4 marbles; 20 – 4 = 16) 2

1

2 1

e 9 ( 3 + 3 = 1; 18 members = 3  ; 3 = 9)

Unit 27 Fractions and whole numbers   Page 27

1 6 ( 13 = 2; 3  2 = 6; 33 = 6) 2 50 ( 15 = 10; 5  10 = 50; 55 = 50) 3 30 ( 15 = 6; 5  6 = 30; 55 = 30) 4 8 ( 15 = 4; 25 = 8; 2  4 = 8) 5 a 30 ( 13 = 10; 3  10 = 30; 33 = 30) 1

5

1

5

b 40 ( 5 = 8; 5  8 = 40; 5 = 40) c 10 ( 5 = 2; 5  2 = 10; 5 = 10) 1 2 5 1 d 8 ( = 4; 2  4 = 8; = 8) e 10 ( = 10; 50 ÷ 5 = 10; = 10) 3

3

5

5

Unit 28 Fractions of quantities—thirds   Page 28

1

The ribbon must be divided into three equal pieces.

34 4 5 a

B

2 30 kg (90 ÷ 3 = 30) 3 b

or 2

5 a

3

c $5 d True (Both and are one whole. They are the same.) 2 3 e 3 (3  3 = 9)

Unit 24 Fraction relationships—fifths

1



Four-fifths are not coloured.

c

X

d

1 e 40 kg ( of 60 kg = 20 kg; 3

X

60 kg – 20 kg = 40 kg)

Unit 29 Fractions of quantities—fifths 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2

1 2 11 kg (55 ÷ 5 = 11) 5 a 0

5 a

b

Two-fifths are not coloured. c 15 (If one-fifth is 3, then five-fifths is 15: 3  5 = 15.) 2



b 20 kg (60 ÷ 3 = 20)

  Page 24

3 3 (To find 15 of 15 divide by 5: 15 ÷ 5 = 3.) 4 2, 25

d

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

b 5 kg (25 ÷ 5 = 5) c d

7

8

9

10

  Page 29

1 2 cm is of 10 cm. 5

3

4 X

e

1

( 10 is the same as 5  .) e 3 (15 ÷ 5 = 3)

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 3

A3

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:26 PM

Unit 30 More on fractions and whole numbers   Page 30

1 6 (3  2 = 6) 2 25 (1 = 55 ; 55 – 35 = 25 ) 3 12 ( 15 = 4; 3  4 = 12; 35 = 12) 3 3 10 7  ; – =  ) 4 10 (1 = 10 10 10 10 10 5 a 12 ( 15 = 3; 4  3 = 12; 45 = 12) 7

10 10

3

7

1

8

b 10 (1 = 10 ; 10 – 10 = 10  ) c 16 ( 10 = 2; 8  2 =16; 10 = 16) 3

5 5

2

3

3

8 8

5

3

d 5 (1 = 5 ; 5 – 5 = 5 ) e 8 (1 = 8  ; 8 – 8 = 8 )

Test 1   Page 31

1 $8.25 2 $4 ($10 + $5 = $15; $15 – $11 = $4) 3 Put a cross on the $1 and 50c coins. ($3.00 – $1.50 = $1.50) 4 Put a cross on each of the $10 notes and one $5 note. (Two DVDs cost $24: 2  $12.) 5 6 a quarter past 12, half past 12, a quarter to 1 7 10 minutes (There are 5 minutes between each number on a 10 9 8

11 12 1

7 6 5

2 3 4

clock face.)

8 15 9 12 ! Test 2   Page 32

1 Put a cross on one $20, $10 and $5 note. ($100 – $65 = $35) 2 $8.55 (Round $31.44 to $31.45. $40.00 – $31.45 = $8.55) 3 Put a cross on the $1 and one 20c coin. (Round $3.78 to $3.80. $5.00 – $3.80 = $1.20) 4 16 minutes (15 + 1 = 16) 5 1 : 34 (34 minutes have passed since 1 o’clock.) 6 50 seconds (10 seconds have passed. There are 50 seconds left in the minute: 60 – 10 = 50.) 2 hours after midday: 3 + 2 = 5) 7 5 hours1 (3 hours to midday and 8 $30 ( 5 = $6; 5  $6 = $30; 55 = $30) 9 Daniel drank a little over half the water. Less than half would remain. should draw three marbles. ! You 2 1 ( of the marbles = 6; 3

3

= 3)

Test 3 (NAPLAN-style)   Page 33

1 D ($50 + $20 + $20 + $5 + $5 = $100) 2 C ($10.00 – $2.50 = $7.50) 3 B (Round up to the next 5c: $2.75.) 4 A (For the minute hand every number represents another 5 minutes.) 5 B (At a quarter past 10 the minute hand is on the 3.) 6 B (The hour hand is moving towards the 12.) 7 C (There are 60 minutes in 1 hour and 45 minutes in 34 of an hour.) 8 B (One part of three is coloured.) 9 D ( 105 is the same as 12 . Remember 5 is half of 10.) ! A ( 55 is the same as one whole (1). It is 5 of 5 parts.) Test 4 (NAPLAN-style)   Page 34

1 C ($20 + $5 + $2 + $1 + 50c + 10c + 5c = $28.65) 2 B (Round $39.59 to $39.60; $50.00 – $39.60 = $10.40) 3 A (To get the item cost subtract the change from the amount tendered: $50.00 – $15.40 = $34.60.) 4 C (The least number of coins for $6.60 are 10c, 50c, $2, $2 and $2—a total of 5 coins.) 5 D (The clock shows 25 past 8. There are another 35 minutes until 9 o’clock: 60 – 25 = 35) 6 A 7 B (30 seconds to the 6 plus 4 more) A4

Year 4 Unit 31 Rounding up to the next 5c

  Page 35

1 C (Round to the next 5c. $1.34c is almost $1.35c.) 2 B (44c is almost 45c. The cash price is 45c.) 3 $34.35 4 5c ($1.94 is almost $1.95. $2 – $1.95 = 5c) 5 a C (Round to the next 5c. $5.84 is almost $5.85.) b B c $1.75 d 15c (No rounding is necessary. Simone would pay the listed price and get 15c change.) e 45c (Two batteries would cost 2  $1.02 = $2.04. $2.04 is almost $2.05. $2.50 – $2.05 = 45c) Unit 32 Rounding up to the next 10c   Page 36

1 D  2 B   3 $4 4 Put a cross on one 10c and a $2 coin. ($7.89 rounds to $7.90— the cash sale price. $10 – $7.90 = $2.10) 5 a D b C ( Two caps would cost $2.09  2 = $4.18. $4.18 rounds to $4.20—the cash sale price.) c $6.40 ($13.58 rounds to $13.60—the cash sale price. $20.00 – $13.60 = $6.40) d $1.10 (Arthur’s purchase will cost 3  96c = $2.88. $2.88 rounds to $2.90—the cash sale price. $4.00 – $2.90 = $1.10) e Put a cross on 20c, 50c, $1 and $2 ($46.28 rounds to $46.30—the cash sale price. $50.00 – $46.30 = $3.70. The change should include 20c, 50c, $1 and $2 coins.)

Unit 33 Rounding down to the nearest 10c   Page 37

1 $1.70 2 A 3 2c (A cash sale would cost $30.10—a saving of 2c.) 4 Put a cross on a 50c and two 20c coins (For a cash sale the tomatoes would cost $4.10. $5.00 – $4.10 = 90c) 5 a $1 b C c $11.10

d The coins crossed should be one 10c and two $2 coins. ($5.92 rounds down to $5.90. $10.00 – 5.90 = $4.10) e Lennie can pay with one 50c, one 20c and one 10c coin. (9  9c = 81c, which rounds to 80c.)

Unit 34 Rounding down to the nearest 5c   Page 38

1 45c 2 B 3 1c 4 Put a cross on $1 and 5c coins. ($8.97 rounds to a cash price of $8.95. $10 – $8.95 = $1.05) 5 a 85c b C c $2.55 (There is no need for rounding.)

d Put a cross on a $2, $1 and 5c coin. ($3.07 rounds to a cash price of $3.05.) e 2c ($63.87 rounds to a cash price of $63.85. Mr Oaks would save 2c.)

Unit 35 Counting up change   Page 39

1 Put a cross on the 10c coin. 2 Put a cross on the 10c coin. (The order the change is given: 10c, 20c, 50c, $2, $5.) 3 Put a cross on the 50c coin. (Glenn will give a 50c coin to make a full dollar ($4).) 4 $2 (Marcus will give a $2 coin to make $10.) 5 a Put a cross on 20c. (I will give a 20c coin to make $2.)

b Put a cross on $1. (Denni will give a $1 coin and then a $2 coin to make $10.) c B (Craig will give a 10c coin to make a full dollar ($1).) d E (The last coin Craig will give is a $2 coin to complete a payment to $5.) e $10 (The first note given would be the $10 note (after the 50c and two $2 coins).)

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 4

8 D (10 pm Sunday to midnight is 2 hours. From midnight to midday Monday is 12 hours. Midday to 5 pm Monday is another 5. 2 + 12 + 5 = 19) 9 B (30 ÷ 5 = 6) D ( ! 107 is greater than a half which would be 105  .)

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:26 PM

Unit 40 Mixed purchases

Unit 36 Rounding and counting up change   Page 40

1 $17.50 ($20.00 – $2.50 = $17.50) 2 85c (4  21c = 84c which rounds to 85c.) 3 A (Individually the bottles in the pack would cost

1 C (28c rounds to 30c. Shane will first give a 20c coin, followed by a 50c coin.) 2 C ($11.62 rounds to a cash price of $11.60. The first coin given in change would be a 20c piece.) 3 $2 (The change would be in this order: 10c, 20c, 50c, $1, $2.) 4 $10 ($31.44 rounds to a cash price of $31.45. The order the

$6.00 ÷ 4 = $1.50. The individual price per bottle is $1.60. Each single bottle is 10c dearer.) 4 Mr Long (Mr Long would pay rounded prices per item ($1.85, $2.05 and $1.75)—a total of $5.65. Mrs Long paid $5.62 rounded to $5.60 ($1.84, $2.03 and $1.75), which is 5c cheaper.) 5 a $6.50 ($20.00 – $13.50 = $6.50) b 95c (4  24c = 96c which rounds to 95c.) c B ( Individually the can of soup in the pack would cost $5.00 ÷ 2 = $2.50. The individual can price is $2.70. Each individual can is 20c dearer.) d $5.62 (If Mrs Long paid by debit card she would pay the full price of $5.62 ($1.84, $2.03 and $1.75). There is no rounding for card payments.) 1 e Easy Buy (The Easy Buy price is 25% off (or 4  ). $24 ÷ 4 = $6. This is $2 more than the $4 discount Bargain Shoes is offering.)

change is given: 5c, 50c, $1, $2, $5, $10. The $10 note has the highest value.) 5 a D ( 51c rounds to 50c. Jodie will be given a 50c coin first, then a $1 coin.) b B ($2.39 rounds to a cash price of $2.40. The order the change is given: 10c, 50c, $2, $5.) c $1 ($3.16 rounds to a cash price of $3.15. The order the change is given: 5c 10c, 20c 50c, $1. A $1 coin is the last coin handed over.) d $3.35 ($16.64 rounds to a cash price of $16.65. $20 – $16.65 = $3.35) e D ( Meg will pay the purchase price as debit and credit card payments are not rounded.)

Unit 37 Exchanging money

  Page 41

1 B (10  5c = 50c (coin)) 2 $50 (10  $5 = $50 (note)) 3 $20 (10  $2 = $20 (note)) 4 100 ($10 = 1000c. 1000c ÷ 10c = 100 (10c pieces) You could say there are ten 10c in $1. There will be 100 lots of 10c in $10.) 5 a A (20  5c = $1) b 20 ($100 ÷ $5 = 20 (notes))

Unit 41 Telling time in 1-minute intervals   Page 45

1 10 minutes (There are 5 minutes between each number.) 2 between the numbers 3 and 4 (between 15 minutes and 20 minutes) 3 4 9 minutes (5 + 4 = 9) 5 a 18 minutes (15 + 3 = 18) 11 12

11 12

1

10

2

9

Unit 39 More on discounted purchases   Page 43

1 $8 (20% is the same as 15  . One-fifth of $10 = $2.00. $10 – $2 = $8) 2 $120 (25% is the same as 14  . $160 ÷ 4 = $40. $160 – $40 = $120) 3 $10.50 ($15.00 – $4.50 = $10.50) 4 20c (Individually the batteries cost 2  $1.35 = $2.70. This is 20c dearer than buying a twin pack at $2.50.) 5 a $9.25 (Half of $18.50 is1$9.25. $18.50 ÷ 2 = $9.25) b $24 (20% is the same as  . $30 ÷ 5 = $6. $30 – $6 = $24) 5

4

c $33 (25% is the same as 1  . One-quarter of $44 = $11. 4 $44 – $11 = $33) d $22 (10% is the same as one-tenth. $20 ÷ 10 = $2. The $2 must be added to the normal price: $20 + $2 = $22.) e $25.40 (Wallace gets a 20  4c = 80c discount. $26.18 – 80c = $25.38. $25.38 is rounded to $25.40 for a cash purchase.)

5

6

11 12

1

7

5

10

6

11

Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 5

1

2

3

4

7

3 8

4 7

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2

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3 8

4 7

6

5

c It will be on the 11 (5 seconds to go). d 15 seconds (1 minute = 60 seconds. 60 – 45 = 15) e 55 seconds (The second hand had moved from the 5 to the 12, which was 35 seconds later. From the 12 it moved to the 4, which was 20 seconds later. 35 + 20 = 55)

b

11

2

12

1

10

2

9

3

8

7

4

6

5

Unit 43 Converting hours and minutes   Page 47

1 B (3  60 = 1180) 2 A (5  60 + 2  60 = 330) 3 45 minutes (2 – 1 14 = 34 hour) 4 33 minutes (60 – 27 = 33) 5 a B (60 + 30 = 90) b 4 hours and 40 minutes (If you take 4 lots of 60 from 280 you have 40 left over.) c 27 minutes (60 – 33 = 27) d 55 minutes (5 minutes of the 60 minutes have passed.) e 3 hours and 20 minutes (If you take 3 lots of 60 from 200 you have 20 left over.)

Unit 44 Converting hours and days

  Page 48

1 D (2  24 = 48) 2 C (24 + 12 = 36) 3 3 weeks (3  7 = 21) 4 8 hours (5 hours to midday and then 3 more hours into the afternoon)

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8

12

8

1

3

  Page 46 10

12

2 4

4

9

11

5

6

3

8

1 6 seconds (5 + 1 = 6) 2 6 (It will be halfway around the clock face.) 3 4 34 seconds (30 + 4) 5 a 26 seconds (25 + 1) 10

5

2

9

Unit 42 Understanding seconds

9

7

8

b between the numbers 7 and 8 (25 to and 20 to) c d 16 minutes to 7 (15 + 1 = 16) e 60 minutes (22 past 8 to 22 past 9 is 1 hour or 60 minutes.)

3 7

1

9

4

6

11 12

10

3

7

  Page 42

b $15 (Half of $30 is $15. $30 ÷ 2 = $15) 1 c $13.50 (10% is the same as 10  . One-tenth of $15 = $1.50. $15 – $1.50 = $13.50) d 30c (Individually the chocolates cost 2  $1.75 = $3.50. This is 30c dearer than buying a twin pack at the special price of $3.20.) e $23.25 ($23.85 is not rounded. Mr Thicket gets a 15  4c = 60c discount. $23.85 – 60c = $23.25)

2

8

8

Unit 38 Discounted purchases

1

10

9

c $2 (4  50c = $2) d 3 ( John has $70 (7  $10 = $70). He needs another three $10 notes ($100 – $70 = $30).) e $5 (4  50c = 200c or $2. 15  20c = 300c or $3. $2 + $3 = $5)

1 $26 (Half of $52 is $26. $52 ÷ 2 = $26) 2 $60 (50% is the same as 12 . $120 ÷ 2 = $60) 3 $45 (10% is the same as 101  . One-tenth of $50 = $5. $50 – $5 = $45) 4 20c (Individually the energy drinks cost 2  $1.60 = $3.20. This is 20c dearer than buying a twin pack.) 5 a $3.50 (Half of $7.00 is $3.50. $7.00 ÷ 2 = $3.50)

  Page 44

A5

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:26 PM

5 a D (10  24 = 240)

b 3 days (There are 14 days in 2 weeks. 17 – 14 = 3) 1

1

1

c 21 hours (24 – 2 = 21 ) 2 2 2 d 10 hours (4 hours on Monday and 6 hours on Tuesday) e No (Aaron worked a total of 24 hours, which is the same as one day.)

Unit 45 Understanding digital ‘to’ time

  Page 49

1 11 : 45 6: 44 8 : 50 8 : 42 2 2 : 35 1 : 52 12 : 45 10 : 49 (With conversions to digital times you go back to the hour number just passed.) 3 20 to 8, 25 to 12, a quarter to 10 (or 15 to 10), 1 to 3 4 14 minutes (The clock face shows 12 : 36 or 24 to 1. The

digital clock shows 12 : 50 or 10 to 1. There is a difference of 14 minutes (50 – 36 = 14).) 5 a 1 : 51 (9 to 2) b 6 : 35 (Work out the number of minutes since the previous full hour.) c 10 to 5 d 20 minutes (The digital clock shows 9 : 42 or 18 to 10. The clock face shows 9: 22 or 22 past 9. There is a difference of 20 minutes (42 – 22 = 20).) e 40 minutes (There are 30 minutes until 8 o’clock and 10 minutes after 8 o’clock (30 + 10 = 40).)

Unit 46 Understanding digital time

  Page 50

1 1 : 23 12 : 15 4 : 30 9 : 09 2 7: 10 3 : 25 7 : 30 11 : 15 3 12 : 40 11 : 55 5 : 50 3 : 45 4 45 minutes (There are 15 minutes until 8 o’clock and 30

minutes after 8 o’clock: 15 + 30 = 45.) 3 : 25 7 : 55 b 9 : 22 4 : 56 c 35 minutes (50 – 15 = 35) d 7 : 50 e 20 minutes before 8 : 10 is 7 : 50  . (10 minutes to 8 o’clock and 10 minutes after 8 o’clock.)

5 a

Unit 47 Understanding day and night

  Page 51

1 A (Every day starts at midnight or 12 o’clock at night.) 2 5 o’clock in the morning (Roosters usually crow in the early morning.) 3 9 hours (24 – 15 = 9) 4 D 5 a 5 o’clock is 5 hours after midnight.

b 1 o’clock (The family is having a picnic lunch so the time would most likely be 1 o’clock in the afternoon.) c 13 hours (24 – 11 = 13) d 13 hours (4 hours to midnight and 9 hours after midnight: 4 + 9 = 13) e 9 hours (2 hours to 12 o’clock and 7 hours in the afternoon: 2 + 7 = 9)

Unit 48 Understanding am and pm

  Page 52

1 7 pm (pm is after noon/12 midday.) 2 7 hours (2 hours to midday and 5 hours to 5 pm: 2 + 5 = 7) 3 10 hours (4 hours to midday and 6 hours to 6 pm: 4 + 6 = 10) 4 D (9 pm which is 9 o’clock at night would be a suitable time to watch fireworks.) 5 a 2 am b 13 hours (11 hours to midday and 2 hours until 2 pm: 1 2

1 2

11+ 2 = 13) c 9 hours (5 hours to midnight and 3 hours to

1 1 3:30: 5 + 3 = 9) 2 2

d C ( 2:30 pm in the early afternoon is a suitable time for a young children’s party to start.) e 1 pm (The plane arrives 1 hour after midday.)

A6

  Page 53

1 20 (2000 hours—from the graphic you can see 20 corresponds with 8 after noon.) 2 14 (12 + 2 = 14) 3 18 (12 + 6 = 18) 4 2130 (12 + 9 = 21, then add the 30 minutes) 5 a 19 (1900 hours—from the graphic you can see 19 corresponds with 7 after noon.) b 23 (This is the last hour before midnight—12 o’clock or 00.) c between the 3 and the 4 d 23 : 30 ( 11 : 30 is an after noon time. To 12 add 11 to convert to 24-hour time: 12 + 11 = 23.) e D (It is a pm time. Add 4 to 12 to convert to 24-hour time: 12 + 4 = 16)

Unit 50 Timetables and time zones

  Page 54

1 18 : 00 (or 1800 hours) 2 2 o’clock (4 am (4 o’clock) is a morning time. There are 8 hours

to midday then another 2. This will be 2 o’clock in the afternoon or 2 pm.) 3 7 : 45 (You add 2 hours to the Victorian time to find the New Zealand time. New Zealand will be later in the day.) 4 Tuesday 2 : 30 (The plane will arrive after midnight. That will be a new day. On a 12-hour clock 4 hours after 10 : 30 will be 2 : 30  . As this is an am time there is no need to add 12 hours to make 24-hour time.) 5 a 11 o’clock (Take 12 from 23.) b 8:00 (Before noon is still am time: 12 – 4 = 8) c 1 : 45 (You take half an hour from 2:15 or go back 30 minutes.) d 14 hours (1700 – 300 = 1400) e B (You add 3 hours to the Sydney time.)

Unit 51 Fractions and wholes

  Page 55

1 D (When the numerator and the denominator are the same 2 10 10 number it is called one whole.)

3 18 ( 78 have been taken. 18 + 78 = 88 or 1 whole (pizza).)

(or 1 whole) 4 10 10 6 5 a 6 (When the numerator and the denominator are the same b

number it is called 1 whole.)

9 (When the numerator and the denominator are the same 9

number it is called 1 whole.)

5 (the whole circle) 5 7 3 d D ( 10 is coloured. 10 remains to be coloured.) 8 e (When the numerator and the denominator are the same 8

c

number it is called 1 whole (pizza).)

Unit 52 Equivalent fractions

1 4 ( 24 = 48 ) 4 12 5 a 2 4

  Page 56

2 5 ( 12 = 105 ) 3 4 b5 c6

1

3

d 2 and 6

1

e 16 is the same as 4  . Divide both numbers by 4.

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 6

Unit 49 Understanding 24-hour time

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:26 PM

Unit 53 Fractions and mixed numerals

Unit 57 Fractions on number lines

  Page 57

1 3 (2 + 1 = 3) 2 16 (2  8 = 16) 3 43 (The numerator is larger than the denominator.) 4 1 34 (One whole circle is coloured and 34 of the next one.) 5 a 5 (2  2 + 1 = 5) 2 3

1 109 (The fractions increase by 101  .) 2 3 (Count along the strokes in halves.) 3 3 23 (11 ÷ 3 = 3 with 2 remaining from the next 3.) X

b 12 (3  4 = 12)

1 c 15 (The numerator is smaller than the denominator.) 2 0 1 d 2 5 (Two whole circles are coloured and 2 out of the 5

segments in the next circle are coloured.) e B (20 ÷ 4 = 5)

4

  Page 61

4

5

X

2

4

1

X

2

3

4

2 the way along between 3 and 4. 3 X X 1 2 a 5 (Count along the divisions in eighths:  ,  , and so on) 3 5 1 2 X4 X38 84 8 2

The cross would be 3

4

5

2

X

6 (7) 8

3

4

5

1

2

3

X b C (C is halfway between 6 and 7.)

10

4

0.00

c

6 (7) 8

00.1 0

1 2 X 2 1

X X3

10

3

1 2

0.2

2 is between 2 and 3.

4

3 4 4 Unit 54 Improper fractions and mixed numerals   Page 58 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20

1

d

1 2 2 (5 ÷ 2 = 2 with 1 remaining out of the next 2.)0.2 1 2 3 3 (10 ÷ 3 = 3 with 1 remaining out of the next 3.) 0.00 3 2 (2 wholes) (8 ÷4 = 2) 2 4 3 5 (Three whole circles are coloured and 2 out of the 5

40.3 4 0.00

X

6 (7)X 8 6 (7) 8

4

10 X 10

X

4 0.4 6 X(7) 8 4 0.1 6 (7) 8

10 10

0.2 (The numbers increase by 2. Seven (7) X would be halfway 0.2 0.00 0.1 1 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 X 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 halfway between 7 and 8.) between 6 and 8. 7 would be 0.1 0.2

0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40

X

2 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 3 5

1 .) 5

X

0.8 0.9 Unit0.00 58 Number lines decimals X with 0.1

  Page 62

0.3 e 20.2 (The divisions are increasing by

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.2 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.3

segments in the next circle are coloured.)

0.00

5 a 4 12 (9 ÷ 2 = 4 with 1 remaining out of the next 2.) 0.7

3 4

0 4.) b 3 (15 ÷ 4 = 3 with 3 remaining out of the next

c 2 (6 ÷ 3 = 2)

2

e 4 pizzas (24 ÷ 6 = 4)

0

1

X

3

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4

4

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2

  Page 59

0.1

0.2 0.2

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 X 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 3 6 8X 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20

11 d 4 (Count the quarters: 2  4 + 3 = 11)

Unit 55 Fractions and whole numbers

0.4 0.4

0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 X 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 X 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40

X

6 (7) 8

3

 ,  . Bottom line: 1 2 Top line: 10 3  , 5 0.2, 0.5, 0.9. 10 10 4 X 2 2.7 0.7 X X 0.8 5 1 2 3 4 3 0.7 2 0.8 1 = A, 0.3 = C, 3.0 = B, 3 = D 3 10 10 X X 4 07 1 2 3 0.7 ( and 0.7 have the same value.) 4 010 1 2 3 4 4 5 a 3.5 and 4.1 b 13.5 10

c

4

X

6 (7) 8

0.9 0.9 5 5

10

1 10 0.00 0.1 numbers increase by 2. Seven 0.2 (7) would be halfway (The 40 (If 10 = 4 then 10 = 40 (10  4 = 40)) X XX between 6 and 8.56.50.16would be halfway 6 and 7.) 3 between 4 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.0820.09 0.10 30.11 0.12 4 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.1710.18 0.1920.20 1 3 d 7.4 (The decimals increase by 0.1.) X X 30 (If = 10 then = 30 (3  10 = 30)) X X 5 5 0.2 0.3 3 0.42 4 5 1 3 4 e 1 422 (Divide the 3 4 numerator 5 1 the2denominator: 3 4 X by 1 X 5 16 ( of 20 = 4 (number of maths certificates). 200.20– 0.21 4 =0.2216) 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.2800.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 4 5 9 ÷ 15 = 12 with3 4 remaining.) 3 1 4 X $8 (If = $6 then = $2. = $8 (4  2= 8)) 0.00 0.2 00.1 1 2 X3 4 5 5 5 1 X2 3 4 X X Unit 059 More on number lines with decimals   Page 63 4 0.10 0.11 6 0.12 (7) 0.13 8 0.14 0.15 100.16 0.17 0.1840.19 0.20 6 (7) 8 10 1 3 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 X X a 21 (If = 7 then = 21 (3  7 = 21)) 0.00 2 0.2 3 3 X4 3 5 10.1 2 X 3 4 X X6 X(7) 8 4 6 (7) 8 X 10 4 10 5 1 4 0.02 0.03 6 0.04 (7) 0.05 8 0.06 0.07 10 0.08 0.09 0.10 4 0.11 0.126 0.13 (7)0.148 0.15 0.16100.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.00 0.01 b 15 (If = 3 then = 15. (5  3 = 15)) 0.00 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.8 0.9 6 6 0.00 0.1 0.2 X X 2 1 0.2 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04X0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.3 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.4 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0 1 2 3 4 c 50 ( If = 20 then = 10. Lester would have 5  10 = 50 X 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 X 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 5 5

1 2 3 4 5

1 2

0 1 comics.) 9 d 18 ( = 1 whole. When the numerator and the denominator 9 are the same number it is called 1 whole. The whole lot in this instance is 18.)

e $30 (If

1 3 = $10 then = $30 (3  $10 = $30)) 5 5

Unit 56 Simplifying fractions

  Page 60

3 2 5 10 1 (You could have 2 but in its simplest form it would be 1 . 10 5 5 3 6

1 2  3

You divide by 4.)

4  5 = 10

15 4 a b  50 5 2 6 2 c (You could have but in its simplest form it would be . 3 9 3

5

2 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 3 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 4 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.31 5 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 X

X

75 4 3 6 (7) 838 0.00 or 3 100 4 100 0.00 4 0.00 5 a 0.00

X

X

0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.1 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.20.39 0.40 10 0.27 (7)0.33 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.294 0.30 0.316 0.32 0.3380.34 0.3510 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40

X

0.1 0.1 0.1

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 X

0.2 0.2 0.2

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 X 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 X 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 X 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20

0.7 0.2

3

0.8 0.3

60

6 10

3 X 5

X

0.4

0.9

0.20 0.21 0.23which 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27simplify 0.28 0.29 0.30to 0.31 0.32or 0.33 0.34X0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.40 b 100 c 0.22 will X 100 0.7 0.8 0.9

0 0.7 0.00

d e

1

2

X

0.8 3 0.1

4

X X

5 0.9 0.2

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 1 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 2 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.12 3 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 4 5 0.00 0 1 2 3 4 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.20 5

X 0.7

0.8

80

0.9

(The small divisions are 0.01. From 0.8 ( 100) count on 5 X places.) 0 1 2 3 4

5

You divide by 6.)

d

2 4 4 1 (All diagrams show shaded.) e = 5 10 8 2

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4 © Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 7

A7

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:26 PM

Unit 60 Counting with fractions and decimals   Page 64 2 3 1 2 (The terms are increasing by (or ).) 4 4 2

1 2 1.3 (The terms are increasing by 0.2.) 3 2 (The next term is 25 greater than 1 35  , which is 1 55 or the whole number 2.) jump is 0.3. The next jump after 8.0 is 8.3.) 4 8.3 (Each 5 a 2 35 (The sequence is increasing by 35 each time. The missing 3

term is 2  .) 5 b 2.6 (The sequence is increasing by 0.4 each time. The missing term is 2.6.) c Top decimal: 0.07. Bottom decimals: 0.03, 0.11, 0.19, 0.24. 1

d 2.75 (The sequence is increasing by 0.5 (or 0.50 or  ) each 2 time. The missing term is 2.75.) 1

2

1

e 1 5 (1 10 can be simplified to 1 5 .)

Test 5   Page 65

1 $20.35 ($20.33 rounds to $20.35, the cash sale price.) 2 $6.00 ($5.98 rounds to $6.00, the cash sale price.) 3 Put a cross on two $1 coins and a 5c coin. ($2.06 rounds to $2.05, the cash sale price.) 4 22 minutes (4  5 + 2 = 22) 5 3 6 12 hours 7 3 weeks and 4 days (25 ÷ 7 = 3 remainder 4) 8 15 (5  3 = 15) 9 50 (One-tenth equals 5. Ten-tenths will be 10 times as much

Test 8 (NAPLAN-style)   Page 68

1 B (20  5c = 100c or $1. 5  20c = 100c or $1. Brad has a total of $2.) 2 A (Bars of soap sold in four-packs are worth $7.00 ÷ 4 = $1.75. Bars sold singly cost $1.80. This is an extra 5c.) 3 C (20% is 15 . One-fifth of $20 is $4. The sale price is $20 – $4 = $16.) 4 D (There is no rounding when paying with a debit card.) 5 B (Sandra would come home after midday (noon). The minute hand points to 56. For the hours add 12 and 4 (= 16).) 6 D (pm is an afternoon time—the time to head for home after school.) 7 D (9 + 12 = 21) 8 A (You take 3 from 4 to get Perth time, which is behind Hobart time.) 4 3 9 D (The numbers are increasing by 9  . Remember: 1 9 is the 1

same as 1 3 .) ! C (The numbers are increasing by 0.6. Note: if you think of the numbers without the decimal point, you are adding 6. You must include the decimal point in your answer.)

or 10  5 = 50.)

(2 whole numbers) and ! You need to colour two full circles 3 three parts of a third circle (  ). 8

Test 6   Page 66

1 45c (Two batteries would cost 2  $1.03 = $2.06, which rounds to $2.05—the cash sale price. $2.50 – $2.05 = 45c) 2 1c ($30.96 rounds to $30.95, the cash sale price. Wayne saves 1c by paying with cash.) 3 $2 coin ($50 – $18 = $32. The change with be counted out with a $2 coin and a $10 and $20 note.)

4 10 : 40 Take 20 from 60 and go back to the previous hour. 5 13 hours (24 – 11 = 13) 6 21 (12 + 9 = 21) 7 2 am (9 pm is at night. Add 5 hours. The plane will arrive at 2 o’clock the next morning.)

(3  5 and 5  5) 8 15 25 9 3 23 (11 ÷ 3 = 3 with 2 (out of 3) remaining.) ! 7.1 and 8.0 (The numbers are increasing by 0.1.)

Test 7 (NAPLAN-style)   Page 67

1 C (54c rounds to 55c, the cash sale price.) 2 C ($11.27 rounds to $11.25, the cash sale price.) 3 D ($199.99 rounds to $200.00, the cash sale price.) 4 C (A weekend is 2 days: 2  24 = 48.) 5 B (Take 15 (quarter hour) from 60 and go back to the previous hour.) 6 D (There are 30 minutes to 8 o’clock and then another 15: 30 + 15 = 45.) 7 A (This is a full day of light.) 8 D (The largest number both 20 and 50 can be divided by is 10.) 9 C ( 25 = 10. 15 = 5. 5  5 = 25. 55 = 25) ! B ( 24 is 12 simplified. Divide the top and bottom by 2.) A8

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3–4

© Pascal Press ISBN 978 1 74125 589 8 Year 3 MoneyTimeFractions_PRESS.indd 8

Excel Basic Skills Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Years 3-4 1/07/2016 12:26 PM

Basic Skills

Basic Skills

Years 3– 4 Ages 8 –10 years old In this book you will find: ✓ A focus on the NAPLAN and Australian Curriculum ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

topics: Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals Sixty units of work covering these topics in depth Units packed with exercises Many challenging problem-solving questions NAPLAN-style test revision

This book will help your child excel in the Australian Curriculum and NAPLAN topics of Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals. Tips, explanations and numerous exercises are provided in each unit to ensure your child gains the necessary mastery of these important syllabus areas. Upon completing this book, your child will feel confident in these topics.

About the author Alan Horsfield and Elaine Horsfield have more than 60 years teaching experience between them in primary schools, ranging from the classroom to senior school management. Alan spent several years working at the UNSW Educational Testing Centre and is still involved in writing assessment programs. Elaine worked with secondary students as coordinator of the Talent Development Project. Alan is author of many Excel test practice books, including titles in the following series: NAPLAN*-style Tests; NAPLAN*-style Literacy Tests; NAPLAN*-style Numeracy Tests; Revise in a Month NAPLAN*-style Tests; Excel Test Zone NAPLAN*-style Test Packs; Opportunity Class Tests; and Selective Schools and Scholarship Tests.

Your own checklist for Excel books for Years 3–4 Ages 8–10 children: Bookseller reference 978-1-86441-274-1 978-1-86441-275-8 978-1-74125-166-1 978-1-74125-163-0 978-1-86441-282-6 978-1-86441-284-0 978-1-74020-046-2 978-1-86441-286-4 978-1-86441-288-8 978-1-74020-030-1 978-1-74020-050-9 978-1-74020-044-8

Books

Level

Core books: Excel Basic Skills English and Mathematics Excel Basic Skills English and Mathematics English books: Excel Basic Skills Basic Reading Skills Excel Basic Skills Building Your Vocabulary Skills Excel Basic Skills Spelling and Vocabulary Excel Basic Skills Grammar and Punctuation Excel Basic Skills Writing Skills Mathematics books: Excel Basic Skills Addition and Subtraction Excel Basic Skills Multiplication and Division Excel Basic Skills Times Tables 2 Excel Basic Skills Problem Solving Science book: Excel Basic Skills Science and Technology



Year 3 Year 4 Years Years Years Years Years

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Years 3–4 ISBN 978-1-74125-589-8

Excel Test Zone

Get the Results You Want!

Help your child prepare with our H * N -style and Australian Curriculum Tests. FREE NAPLAN www.exceltestzone.com.au *This isi nott an offi *Thi fficially i ll endorsed d publication of the NAPLAN program and is produced by Pascal Press independently of Australian governments.

Pascal Press PO Box 250 Glebe NSW 2037 (02) 8585 4044 www.pascalpress.com.au 9 781741 255898

Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals

3–4

Years

Money, Time, Fractions and Decimals

MONEY, TIME, FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS Years 3– 4 A ges 8 –10

Get the Results You Want!

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Sixty self-contained units Four Revision Tests Four NAPLAN-style Tests

t! n a W u o Y s lt u s e R Ge t t he

Alan Horsfield & Elaine Horsfield

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