New Look at Project Management Triangle - WordPress.com

2° °International Conference on IT Data collection, Analysis and Benchmarking Tokyo (Japan) - October 22, 2014

New Look at Project Management Triangle

Pekka Forselius

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4SUM Partners [email protected]

http://itconfidence2014.wordpress.com

Prj Mgmt Triangle

Goals of the presentation

G1. Introduce the main elements any Project Manager should take into account G2. Propose new viewpoints on the PM Triangle for a better management of a project G3. Introduce the “northernSCOPE™” approach and related process

IT Confidence 2014 – October 22, 2014


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Project Scope Management – What?

•One of the ten knowledge areas of project management (source: Project Management Body of Knowledge, PMI) •… is primarily concerned with defining and controlling what is and is not included in the project.



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Project Management Triangle



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Observations about PM triangle

”If you can’t measure it, you cannot manage it!” – For management purposes all three dimensions need to be measured, and the measurement principles shall be defined. Examples: Cost = Supplier’s development cost from requirements specification to ready to install. Time = Duration of development in months, from the same activities as above. Scope = Quantity or size of the outcomes.

Shape and size of the triangle are not constant!



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A new look at the PM triangle

Everybody wants more outcomes with same cost and time, i.e. ”higher triangle”, but how to get it? What are the important elements of a triangle? How to influence the shape of a triangle?



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Elements of a PM triangle



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Examples of IT PM triangles



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Public sector reality in 2013

The numbered projects (1-6) used northernSCOPE™ management concept! IT Confidence 2014 – October 22, 2014


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My target cost and speed for budgeting

Is this level acceptable for my company? Is it too ambitious? What will be the target Pay Back Period? IT Confidence 2014 – October 22, 2014


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My sub-system estimates vs. ”standards”



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Business case, starting point

• Early requirements from a feasibility study, including business processes • Stakeholder analysis, including users • Scope statement, system overview picture • Will another system be replaced? • Investment calculations, including numbers of transactions, volumes, etc. • Rough budget and schedule IT Confidence 2014 – October 22, 2014


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Amount of outcomes

• Size of the software, estimated and measured in Function Points • Methods: all ISO/IEC FSM standards, most likely FiSMA method (ISO/IEC 29881:2010) at all accuracy levels • Tools: FiSMA 1.1 Size Estimator and Experience® Service • An independent Scope Manager recommended (not necessary to be external) IT Confidence 2014 – October 22, 2014


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Focus on quality too

• Quality requirements MUST be connected to functional requirements • Method: start connection from entire system and business processes • Tools: FiSMA Quality Requirements Analysis, ISO/IEC 9126 and 25010 (Software product quality standards) IT Confidence 2014 – October 22, 2014


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Capability of Developer Team

• The better the capability of developer team, the less re-work needed, and the more competitive price they can propose! • The capability level depends on how well the developers can: • • • • •

Read, question, communicate, and understand the functional requirements Design the functions Provide the program code Test the outcome units and integrated components Prepare the installation of software. IT Confidence 2014 – October 22, 2014

NOTE! The required developer skills are all related to SDLC –standard (ISO/IEC 12207)


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Capability of Product Owner

• The better the capability of product owner, the faster the delivery of software! • The capability level depends on how clearly the product owner can: • • • • • • •

Recognize and define all users Write all necessary user stories Specify terms and define ER model Draw business process charts Write and update use cases Define functional requirements Specify quality requirements


NOTE! The skills required from the product owner have NOTHING to do with management approach (agile or not). http://itconfidence2014.wordpress.com

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The most important metrics

• To evaluate first the reality of project plans, and in the end the success of the project we need to measure: – Delivery speed = h/b (FPs/month) – Unit price = a/h (€/FP)



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northernSCOPE™ - What?

• A professional scope management concept for software intensive development and maintenance from Finnish Software Measurement Association (FiSMA). • A management concept that describes the Scope Manager’s work with twelve steps, covering the development life cycle from feasibility study and initial requirements to program closure and collecting lessons learned.



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Three corner stones of northernSCOPE™

• Software project sizing using Functional Size Measurement (where appropriate) FP • Unit pricing in cost per function point €/FP • Independent Scope Manager provides scope transparency and governance



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12 steps of northernSCOPE™

Source: CrossTalk January/February 2010



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Functional size – Function points

5 ISO/IEC standard methods Easy to learn and use Training and support available FiSMA 1.1 method transparent equally for the product owner and the developer • All methods based on functional user requirements • If no requirements or no delivered functionality, no size measurement can be done. • • • •



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Unit price €/FP

ISBSG has collected more than 7000 projects FiSMA has collected more than 1000 projects Almost 1000 applications in the M&S repository Productivity varies a lot, but with good data and good classifiers it’s possible to find very realistic price level. • Experience® tools support estimation with high quality knowledge databases. • • • •

• 100 €/FP is very inexpensive, 2000 €/FP is extremely expensive in most of the cases. IT Confidence 2014 – October 22, 2014


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Independent Scope Manager

• Almost 150 northernSCOPE™ Certified Scope Managers (see ECQA and 4sumpartners.com) • Finland, Germany, Denmark, The Netherlands, Peru, USA • Also in Victoria, Australia, where the southernSCOPE is applied • Five days training program available in English and in Finnish, also partially in Danish.



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Thank you!

• Pekka Forselius,

MSc, MBA, Certified Scope Manager, Immediate Past President of ISBSG, Senior Advisor at FiSMA

• email: [email protected]

• see also www.4sumpartners.com, www.fisma.fi and www.isbsg.org



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