OC TOB ER - Future Electronics

AMERICAS’ EDITION

OCTOBER

2 0 15

PRODUCT AND TECHNOLOGY NEWS FROM FUTURE ELECTRONICS

ams AS5147P High Speed Rotary Position Sensor PAGE 3

ON Semiconductor NIV1161: ESD Protection with Automotive Short-to-Battery Blocking PAGE 5

Vishay Space and Power Saving PowerPAK® 8x8L Package AEC-Q101-Qualified for Automotive Applications PAGE 7

Design Notes and Technical View PAGES 12-21

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT

APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT ams

AS5147P High Speed Rotary Position Sensor

3

Diodes Inc.

High Performance Automotive Hall Effect Latch Features Wide Range of Sensitivity Options

4

ON Semiconductor

NIV1161: ESD Protection with Automotive Short-to-Battery Blocking

5

Altech Corp.

Miniature Circuit Breakers with Unique Features

5

Infineon

40V and 60V StrongIRFET™ Logic-Level Gate Drive

6

Vishay

Space and Power Saving PowerPAK® 8x8L Package AEC-Q101-Qualified for Automotive Applications

7

Varta

eCall Your Future

8

Power Dynamics Inc.

HEC and HEC2 Harsh Environment Connectors

8

Yageo

Automotive Product Family

9

Lumex QuasarBrite T-5mm Ultra Bright LED Indicators

9

™

Intersil

ISL94203 3-to-8 Cell Li-ion Battery Pack Monitor

24

COMPONENT FOCUS CUI Inc.

Compact 5W USB Wall Plug Adapters Comply with Level VI Standard

10

CUI Inc.

With You from Start to Finish

10

Susumu

World’s Smallest Low Noise Current Sensing Resistor

11

Panasonic

Industrial Grade SD Cards

Future Electronics

Analog Corner

22-23

DESIGN NOTES Vishay

A Short History of Automotive Transmissive Sensors and Their Evolution

12-13

NXP

UJA1169 – Mini CAN System Basis Chip Family

14-15

Diodes Inc.

Self-Protecting MOSFETs Deliver Improved Reliability in the Harsh Environment of Automotive Applications

16

Crocus Technology

Sensing High Currents of Several Hundreds Amperes Using MLU Magnetic Sensor

17

CUI Inc.

External Power Supplies: How to Be Ready for Tough New Efficiency Standards in Effect from 2016

18-19

TECHNICAL VIEW Future Electronics

Vulnerable Electronics in a Harsh Environment: What Can Go Wrong? Part II

20-21

11

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AS5147P High Speed Rotary Position Sensor

The AS5147P is an ultra high speed magnetic rotary position sensor which offers reliable performance in automotive applications compatible with the requirements of the ISO26262 functional safety standard. Providing accurate absolute and incremental measurement outputs at speeds up to 28,000 revolutions per minute (rpm), the AS5147P is ideal for safety critical applications such as electric power steering (EPS), brake and accelerator pedals, pumps, double clutch transmissions, starter motors, alternators and windscreen wiper motors. Its appeal to automotive system designers rests on a combination of high measurement accuracy at high rotation speeds, high reliability, low system cost and support for standards compliance. The AS5147P draws on patented Dynamic Angle Error Correction (DAEC™) technology to deliver accurate position measurements even at extremely high rotation speeds. The DAEC compensation scheme reduces the propagation delay inherent in the sensor’s signal chain to almost zero. As a result, the AS5147P’s angle error is a negligible 0.02° at 1.7krpm, 0.17° at 14.5krpm and 0.34° at 28krpm. The DAEC function also enables the device to refresh its measurement output every 1.9µs. High reliability and low system cost in automotive applications are assured by the AS5147P’s intrinsic immunity to stray magnetic fields. Strong stray magnetic fields are present in vehicles, particularly those with a partially or wholly electric drive train, which contains powerful electric motors and high current carrying conductors. These stray magnetic fields are much stronger than that of the small target magnet with which a magnetic position sensor is paired. The unique differential sensing principle of the magnetic position sensors from ams makes them immune by design to stray magnetism. This means that automotive system designers

can avoid the need to incorporate bulky and expensive magnetic shielding into their products, reducing their size, weight and cost when compared to designs based on competing magnetic position sensor ICs. The high sensitivity of the AS5147P also enables the use of a small (6mm diameter), low cost target magnet. In addition, the AS5147P supports automotive OEMs’ ISO26262 compliance programs in various ways: • the AS5147P was developed in accordance with the ISO26262 flow, following the Safety Element out of Context (SEooC) and Assumption of Use (AoU) guidelines specified in the standard, thus helping manufacturers to achieve the requirements of any ASIL grade • ams provides a safety manual and failure mode effects diagnostic analysis (FMEDA) document for the AS5147P, guiding customers on the way to achieve their target ASIL grade in various applications evidence – safety case, certifications and the AECQ-100 qualification (PPAP) – is ready to provide the documentation of the AS5147P’s development process • the complete SEooC process according to the ISO26262 and the documentation supporting it are certified by an independent third party • the AS5147P provides internal diagnostic functions supporting ISO26262 processes, including magnetic field strength threshold detection, and detection of loss of magnet VDD3V3

AS5147P

CSn SCL MISO MOSI

Volatile Memory

SPI

VDD

OTP

LDO

Hall Sensors

ABI

A B I/PWM

UWV

U V W/PWM

Analog Front-End

A/D

AGC

ATAN (CORDIC)

INTERPOLATOR

Dynamic Angle Error Compensation

PWM Decoder Selectable on I or W

The AS5147P provides both absolute and incremental angle measurements of a continuously rotating shaft, with a zero position setting. A standard four-wire serial peripheral interface allows a host microcontroller to read 14-bit absolute angle position data and to program non-volatile settings without a dedicated programmer.

Incremental movements are indicated by a set of ABI signals with a maximum resolution of 4,096 steps/1,024 pulses per revolution. The resolution of the ABI signal is programmable to 4,096 steps/1,024 pulses per revolution, 2,048 steps/512 pulses per revolution or 1,024 steps/256 pulses per revolution. Brushless DC (BLDC) motors may be controlled through a standard UVW commutation interface with a programmable number of pole pairs from 1 to 7. The absolute angle position is also provided as a PWM encoded output signal. KEY FEATURES • DAEC • Immune to external stray magnetic field • 14-bit core resolution • Maximum speed up to 28.000rpm • Developed per ISO 26262 SEooC KEY BENEFITS • Eliminates angle measurement lag at high RPMs • Lower system costs (no shielding) • High resolution for motor and position control • No programmer needed (via SPI command) • Enables ASIL-x system safety level compliance


Accuracy of technical data: All technical data, information, detachable insert(s) or loose advertisement(s) contained in this magazine is derived from information provided by Future Electronics’ suppliers. Such information has not been verified by Future Electronics and we make no representation, nor assume any liability as to its accuracy. Future Electronics does not assume liability in respect to loss or damage incurred as a consequence of or in the connection with the use of such data and information. Prices subject to change without notice. ®Delight the Customer is a registered trademark of Future Electronics.

2

1.800.675.1619 • www.FutureElectronics.com


3



High Performance Automotive Hall Effect Latch Features Wide Range of Sensitivity Options

NIV1161: ESD Protection with Automotive Short-to-Battery Blocking FEATURES

®

The AH376xQ family of AECQ100-qualified Hall effect latches introduced by Diodes Incorporated offers eight magnetic sensitivity options to cover the requirements of numerous automotive applications. Such uses include commutation, encoding and position control of the various motors, pumps, fans and valves found in vehicle cabins for operating windows, sun roofs, seats, tailgates and airconditioning. These Hall effect latches can also be used in the engine bay for steering and sensing the speed and position of the crankshaft, camshafts, cooling fans, and water, oil and fuel pumps.

The NIV1161 is designed to protect high speed data lines from ESD as well as short-to-vehicle battery situations.

With an extended -40°C to +150°C temperature range and a 3V to 28V supply voltage range, the AH376xQ devices provide robust and reliable operation by tolerating the harsh automotive environment with its extremes of low crank voltage as well as over-voltage excursions. Comprehensive protection features enhance this robustness: a low leakage blocking diode guards against reverse supply connection; input and output clamps help withstand transient voltages; and an output current limit avoids overload. Plus, the devices have an ESD capability of 8kV and can withstand a transient load dump up to 32V.

The NIV1161’s flow-through style package allows for easy PCB layout and matched trace lengths necessary to maintain consistent impedance between high speed differential lines such as USB and LVDS protocols.

The AH376xQ family provides eight different magnetic operation and release thresholds (BOP and BRP) to address the wide variety of applications with regard to magnet strength or sensor to magnet distance. These range from the highest BOP/BRP sensitivity of +25G/-25G to the lowest sensitivity of +210G/-210G. Pin compatibility is maintained across the range and all devices are offered in industry-standard SOT23 and SIP3 packages. The AH3762Q/3Q/4Q/5Q are also offered in an SC59 package and provide the opposite polarity for magnetic detection compared to the SOT23 package. The AH376xQ Hall effect latch ICs offer superior performance with a fast 10μs power-on time and a quick 3.75μs response time to reduce delays and commutation errors. A chopper stabilized design with a low temperature coefficient minimizes switch point drift and provides enhanced immunity to stress. Flexibility is further enhanced by the open-drain output configuration, allowing the external pull-up resistor value to be adjusted to suit the application. The AH376xQ Hall effect latch family is fully qualified to the automotive AECQ100 standard and meets the AIAG production part approval process (PPAP). Available in SOT23, SIP3 or SC59 packages. To buy products or download data, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

4

The ultra low capacitance and low ESD clamping voltage make this device an ideal solution for protecting voltage sensitive high speed data lines while the low FET limits distortion on the signal lines.

FEATURES • High Performance Hall Effect Latch Family - 8 sensitivity options with high-tolerance, tight-operating windows (less magnetic spread) and low temperature coefficients for switch points - Magnetic characteristics specified over the whole operating range - Fast power-on time of 10μs typical and response time of 3.75μs typical with wide bandwidth • Product Flexibility - Designed for a wide range of applications: 3V to 28V and -40ºC to +150ºC - Open drain output for pull-up flexibility - Industry standard SC59, SOT23 and SIP3 packages - Selected devices in SC59 packages provide options for opposite magnetic field polarity switching. • Stability, Reliability and Robustness - Chopper stabilized design to provide minimal switch point drift - Superior temperature and supply line stability - Input and output clamps with output overcurrent limit - Reverse voltage protection and 32V load dump capability - High ESD ratings: 8kV HBM, 800V MM and 2kV CDM - AEC-Q100 Grade 0 (-40°C to +150°C) qualification APPLICATIONS • Automotive applications • Window power-lift and sun roof • Tailgate open/close BLDC motors • Seat adjust motors • Seat and dashboard cooling fans • Speed measurements • Incremental linear and rotary encoder and position sensors


• Low capacitance (0.65 pF Typical, I/O to GND) • Diode capacitance matching between I/Os: 1% Typical • Optimized layout for excellent high speed signal integrity • Protection for the following IEC standards: APPLICATIONS IEC 61000-4-2 (Level 4) • Automotive high speed signal pairs • Low ESD clamping voltage • USB2.0/3.0 • NIV prefix for automotive and other • LVDS applications requiring unique site and control • HDMI change requirements; AEC-Q101 qualified and PPAP capable • APIX2 • This is a Pb-free device Pin Configuration and Schematics Pin 2 − 5 V 1

6

2 3

6 5

4

4

(Top View)


Pin 1 D+ HOST

Pin 6 D+

Pin 3 D− HOST

Pin 4 D−

Pin 2 − 5 V

Pin 5 − GND

Miniature Circuit Breakers with Unique Features Serving the automation and control industry since 1984!

The UL489 series, with its exceptional electrical ratings, is the ideal solution for branch circuit protection. These current limiting circuit breakers minimize the short circuit current to a relative small amount in an extremely short time. This limits the short circuit’s potential harmful energy. The current limiting attribute was recently confirmed by UL tests. The UL508 manual motor controller/supplementary protector offers a unique way of protecting various loads including single phase motors and any components in the control circuit of a UL508A industrial control panel. The supplementary protectors tested according to UL1077 are suited for any control circuit and supplemental protection. The UL489 miniature molded case circuit breakers come in AC and DC versions. The AC version is dual voltage rated from 0.3A to 63A at 240V AC and 0.3A to 32A at 480Y/277V AC. The DC version is rated from 0.3A to 63A at 125V DC (1 pole) and 250V DC (2 pole). Combining the AC voltages in one design along with the industry

unique dual terminal design for accepting standard wire along with ring tongue terminal wire keeps the flexibility up and the stocking requirements down. The unique housing characteristics are featured in each of the UL489, UL508 and UL1077 versions and make the circuit protection side of a UL508A panel look uniform and clean. The offering is completed by the largest line up of IEC style busbars with UL approval. The busbars are rated in AC and DC to accommodate the respective voltages in the miniature circuit breaker series. FEATURES/BENEFITS Current Limiting Confirmed by UL Tests Industry ONLY dual wire terminal connection (cage clamp and ring tongue compatibility combined in one design); no need to special order ring tongue versions! • Terminal barriers are serviceable • Individual part numbers printed on each breaker • Clear protective marking area cover • Dual voltage (480Y/277V and 240V AC) design greatly reduces stocking requirements • DC version available up to 250V DC


APPLICATIONS • Branch circuits • Motors • Transformers • Heaters • Control circuits • Outlets To buy products or download data, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

5



40V and 60V StrongIRFET™ Logic-Level Gate Drive

Space and Power Saving PowerPAK® 8x8L Package AEC-Q101-Qualified for Automotive Applications

Infineon introduces an extension of the successful StrongIRFET family for battery-powered applications. The logic-level gate drive allows designers to drive MOSFETs with only 5V VGS. This is ideal in applications where standard gate drive is not available such as brushed motor drives, BLDC motor drives and battery-powered circuits.

Vishay’s SQJQ402E, the industry’s first AEC-Q101 qualified, 100% lead-free MOSFET in 8 x 8mm footprint, offers high temperature operation to +175°C providing the ruggedness and reliability required for automotive applications. The internal construction of the device’s PowerPAK 8x8L 8 x 8mm package minimizes inductance and enables a low maximum on-resistance of 1.5mΩ at 10V and 1.8mΩ at 4.5V. Additional design features also provide very high continuous drain current capability up to 200A.

The family maintains the same characteristics of the StrongIRFET family, including low RDS(ON) for reduced conduction losses, high current carrying capability for increased power capability, and rugged silicon for robustness.

The device also features gull-wing leads specifically designed to reduce PCB solder joint stress caused by the wide range of operating temperatures commonly experienced in automotive applications.

The flagship product is the IRL7472L1, which is available in the proprietary Large Can DirectFET™ package, enabling the lowest RDS(ON) in the market (0.97mΩ max at 4.5V) for a 67mm2 solution. The DirectFET features excellent top-side cooling, low package profile, and contains zero lead which complies with future RoHS requirements. FEATURES AND BENEFITS

To save PCB space and costs, and enable the creation of smaller and lighter modules in applications where multiple MOSFETs are often required, the SQJQ402E offers similar on-resistance and higher continuous current than devices in the D2PAK, while providing a 60% smaller footprint area and 60% thinner profile.

RDS(ON) vs. VGS 40

• Designed for industrial applications • Ideal for low switching frequency • High current carrying capability • 4.5V logic level optimized • Rugged silicon • Low RDS(ON)

35

To save power, the SQJQ402E offers half the on-resistance, twice the current, and a 21% smaller profile than devices in the DPAK, all with only a 12% larger footprint.

RDS(ON) (mΩ)

30

APPLICATIONS • Brushed motor drive applications • BLDC motor drive applications • Battery-powered circuits • Light electric vehicles • Power tools • Electric toys

25 20

IRL40B212 IRFB7534

15

VGS = 4.5V

10 5

• Very low package resistance contributes to low RDS(ON) and reduces paralleling requirement • Gull-wing leads provide stress relief during temperature cycling +175°C max junction temperature • 200A absolute max continuous drain current capability • 100% lead-free

The SQJQ402E signals the release of an extensive roadmap of MOSFETs that will allow designers to exploit the benefits of this package in a multitude of automotive applications such as motor drives, electric power steering, transmission control, and injector drives.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18


20

VGS Voltage

SQJQ402E – 40V, 1.7mΩ in PowerPAK 8x8L

Logic-level RDS(ON) curve vs. standard RDS(ON) curve

IRL7472L1TRPBF

Achieves similar or lower RDS(ON) in 58% smaller package than D2PAK

Package (Outline)

Current Rating (A)

R DS(ON) typ/max at 4.5V (mΩ)

40

Large Can DirectFET package (L8)

375

0.59/0.97

IRL7486MTRPBF

40

Medium Can DirectFET package (ME)

209

1.25/2.00

IRL40B209

40

TO-220

195

1.25/1.60

VDS

40V

1.90/2.40

ID Max (TC = +25°C)

200A

R DS(ON) - 10V Max

1.7mΩ

Qg Typ.

169nC

R DS - Qg FOM

220mΩ-nC

IRL40B212

SQJQ402E in PowerPAK 8x8L

0

Breakdown Voltage (V)

Part Number

FEATURES

40

TO-220

195

IRL40S212

40

D2-PAK

195

1.90/2.40

IRL40B215

40

TO-220

120

2.70/3.50

IRL60B216

60

TO-220

195

1.90/2.20

PowerPAK 8x8L (8 x 8 x 1.9mm)

D2PAK Height 4.5mm

PPAK 8x8L Height 1.9mm

Height

PPAK 8x8L 200A 64mm²

D2PAK

120A 155mm²

Footprint


6



7


APPLICATION SPOTLIGHT Yageo Automotive Product Family

eCall Your Future

In an accident or in distress, the emergency call (eCall) system in our cars wirelessly transmit our precise location, direction of travel, exact time and number of occupants as it sends a call for help. Nowhere is wireless technology needed more than in car accidents and the universal cry is revamping the communication systems around the world. Emergency call systems save more than lives – they expedite medical aid diminishing severe injury complications, shorten traffic jam time, conserve gasoline and they save municipalities money. These signals can be automatic – triggered by severe impact – or manual – when the distress button is pressed.

If all cars were equipped with these devices – sensors and the standardization of communication systems were in place – countries would save billions of dollars a year and hundreds of thousands of lives. The quicker response would mitigate the severity of hundreds of thousands of injuries – giving many better recovery prospects. Faster response enables faster clearance of crash sites with fewer traffic jams, reduced risk of secondary accidents, and savings on fuel with lower CO2 emissions. Telematics technology for vehicle systems – wireless data delivery, route advisories, traffic information and public safety answering point systems – will soon be universalized with standardization in communication protocols. Future Electronics in partnership with VARTA Microbattery, Inc. can provide a variety of battery

within an array, this series covers the products required within infotainment and comfort and convenience applications. The ever increasing presence of electronics in the automotive environment requires a wide diversity of passive components possessing advanced product characteristics and superior reliability.

chemistries to fit these types of critical vehicle applications. VARTA’s engineers and consultants are meeting the demands of OEMs – small and large. Future Electronics and VARTA are ready to work with you to help design a successful finished product with extensive engineering and Best-In-Class consultation. To buy products or download data, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

Not only are established systems like engine control, power steering, transmission, climate control, and lighting undergoing monumental changes, but relatively new systems, such as car-to-car communications, driver assistance, and self-parking are experiencing similar transformations which call for a greater number of resistors and capacitors. Yageo has introduced the automotive grade MLCCs in two temperature characteristics: NPO and X7R. The AC Automotive series features excellent long term reliability and improved mechanical properties. As a discrete part or

HEC and HEC2 Harsh Environment Connectors

The HEC series consists of a keyed multi-pin configuration that includes 3 power and 4 signal plus ground. The contacts are rated up to 20A, 400V UL and 25A VDE with signal contacts 3A, 60Vmax. The mated connectors are rated for immersion beyond 1m (IP68) and protected from steam-jet cleaning (IP69K). The HEC2 series are miniature connectors rated up to 2A, 175V and have 8 contacts. The receptacle remains waterproof (IP67) while

8

These LED indicators are an industry standard T-5mm package design and are able to be designed into any applications where standard T-5mm LED indicators are used, but require more light output applications of end uses.

HEC • IP68 and IP69K rated • Up to 20A per contact (UL) • Power and signal contacts • 1000 minimum mating cycles • Bayonet lock


Only a specially designed solution manufactured using selected materials can meet the needs of harsh environmental conditions in safety systems where sulfur may be a challenge. Yageo has the ultimate solution, the AA chip resistor series. High precision resistors working under humid conditions must meet unsurpassed reliability standards. Thin film AT series resistors from Yageo are the perfect choice for circuitry in power steering, instrument clusters, ECU, and ABS.

FEATURES/BENEFITS • AEC-Q200 qualified • 100% performed by automatic optical inspection • Capable of performing under the most demanding of conditions • Mass production under TS 19649 certification • Superior resistance against sulfur-containing environments • High precision and stability APPLICATIONS


• Automotive electronics • Industrial and medical equipment • Test and measuring equipment • Telecommunications

APPLICATIONS

FEATURES

HEC2 • Capless IP67 rating (receptacle) unmated • 5000 minimum mating cycles • Up to 2A per contact • 8 contacts • Bayonet lock

For the majority of automotive applications, the workhorse solution has been the standard AC series of chip resistors thick film technology.

QuasarBrite™ T-5mm Ultra Bright LED Indicators

unmated. The contacts are sealed in a touchproof design, providing even more protection from debris and rugged use. Power Dynamics Inc. waterproof harsh environment series HEC and HEC2 are designed for rugged indoor and outdoor applications, and feature easy to use and assemble components. All are highly resistant to UV rays, chemicals, and shock/vibration. Both series feature bayonet locks for easy locking and unlocking.

Thin Film Automotive Grade AT Series

Part Number

APPLICATIONS HEC and HEC2 • Instrumentation • Robotics • Industrial control • Test and measurement • Agriculture • Transportation • Security


Emitted Chip Color Material

• Industrial controls: safety control panel • Automotive: battery indication, brake lighting • Medical: dental equipment • Construction: outdoor signage equipment • The QuasarBrite T-5mm ultra bright LED indicators serve in a wide variety of markets and applications

Peak Wavelength (nm)

Lens Typ. Intensity Typ. Type Vf (mcd)

FEATURES

View Angle 2x Theta

If (mA)

SSL-LX5093UWC/H

Cool White

InGaN

-

Clear 3.2

27000

15

20

SSL-LX5093USBC/G

Blue

InGaN

465

Clear 3.4

15000

15

20

SSL-LX5093SYC + G

Yellow

AllnGaP

595

Clear

2.1

16500

12

20

SSL-LX5093SIC + G

Red

AllnGaP

630

Clear

2.1

15000

15

20

SSL-LX5093UPGC + G

Green

InGaN

520

Clear 3.2

40000

15

20


• High brightness suitable for outdoor • Standard T-5mm package design • Clear lens with more color clarity • Operating temp up to +85°C, suitable for outdoor and extreme temperature environments


9

COMPONENT FOCUS

COMPONENT FOCUS

Compact 5W USB Wall Plug Adapters Comply with Level VI Standard

World’s Smallest Low Noise Current Sensing Resistor

VI compliance. With a footprint as small as 64.9 x 36 x 22.5mm, the compact AC/DC converter design is ideally suited to portable consumer applications.

FEATURES

The SWI5-5-N-I38 and SWI5-5-E-I38 are designed to meet the stringent new average efficiency and no-load power requirements mandated by the US Department of Energy. The purpose of these new Level VI standards, which are set to go into effect on February 10th, 2016, is to markedly lower the amount of power consumed when the end application is not in use or is no longer connected to the system. Any manufacturer seeking to market an end product with an external adapter in the US must comply with Level VI. CUI’s SWI5-5-N-I38 and SWI5-5-E-I38 power adapters provide a ready made solution for Level

In high frequency electronics, unwanted noise added by the components themselves can become a significant issue. In order to address this, Susumu offers longer side terminal low resistance chip current sensing resistors.

The 5W adapters provide single 5V DC regulated outputs from a wide universal input voltage range from 90V AC to 264V AC. No-load power consumption is 250W

0.875

0.500

Low-voltage external power supply: an external power supply with a nameplate output voltage lower than 6V and nameplate output current greater than or equal to 550mA. Basic-voltage external power supply means an external power supply that is not a low-voltage power supply. Level VI: Single-Voltage External AC-AC Power Supply, Basic-Voltage Nameplate Output Power (Pout )

Minimum Average Efficiency in Active Mode (expressed as a decimal)

Maximum Power in No-Load Mode (W)

Pout < 1W

0.5 x Pout + 0.16

0.210

1W < Pout 49W

0.071 x ln (Pout ) - 0.0014 x Pout + 0.67

0.210

49 W < Pout 250W

0.880

0.210

Pout > 250W

0.875

0.500

Single-voltage external AC-AC power supply: an external power supply which is designed to convert line-voltage AC into a lowervoltage AC output and is able to convert to only one AC output voltage at a time. Level VI: Single-Voltage External AC-AC Power Supply, Low-Voltage Nameplate Output Power (Pout )



1W

0.517 x Pout + 0.087

1W < Pout 49W

0.0834 x ln (Pout ) - 0.0014 x Pout + 0.609

0.210 0.210

49 W < Pout 250W

0.870

0.210

Pout > 250W

0.875

0.500

Level VI: Multiple-Voltage External Power Supply Nameplate Output Power (Pout )



1W

0.497 x Pout + 0.067

0.300

1W < Pout 49W

0.075 x ln (Pout ) + 0.561

0.300

Pout > 49W

0.860

0.300

Multiple-voltage external power supply:an external power supply which is designed to convert a line-voltage AC input into more than one simultaneous lower-voltage output.

some cases eliminate no-load power consumption altogether. In late 2014, CUI began introducing Level VI compliant adapters to keep their customers one step ahead of the coming legislation. In the future, CUI will continue to look for ways to implement


the latest energy-saving technologies into its external power supplies in order to address market demands and to comply with current and future regulations. To buy products or download data, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

19

TECHNICAL VIEW

TECHNICAL VIEW

Vulnerable Electronics in a Harsh Environment: What Can Go Wrong? Part II By David DeLeonardo, Analog Specialist AE, Future Electronics

In this Part II, we finish with an overview of the other 4 most common protection components; provide a set of application tips and finish with a Device Comparison and Characterization Chart. In part I, we looked at the most common damaging events that threaten electronic circuits and 4 of the 8 most common components used to address them. 1. Fuses: These are the most diverse type of protection devices. In the types used to protect most electronic circuits, they range in size from as small as 0402 SMT devices up to ¾” dia. cylinders 2” long.All fuses function in a similar manner. First, the fuse is placed in series with the load being protected such that the entire load current passes through a specially prepared conductive element. When the temperature of this conductive element exceeds a given value, the element will undergo a phase change from conductive solid to gas. (Metallic elements melt to a liquid state first.) This gas is further heated by the resulting arc into plasma which is then either harmlessly dissipated into the air around the fuse or “captured” within the fuse body. In any case, since there is no longer any material present to conduct current, the fuse becomes an open circuit and the load current is interrupted. The speed of this irreversible process can take less than a millisecond in the case of Fast Fuses to multiple seconds in the case of “slow blow” devices which are intentionally designed with a delayed response to allow for inrush and transient conditions. Fuses are not re-usable once they have been blown opened due to an overcurrent event.

IEC

IEEE/ANSI

IEEE/ANSI

Figure 1: Standard Symbols for Fuses

20

2. Electronic/PTC Resettable Fuses: As in the case of traditional fuses, PTC Electronic fuses are also placed in series with the load to guard against overcurrent to the load. However, unlike traditional fuses, they can be activated or “tripped” many times. They are comprised of a conductive material (carbon black) mixed into a polymer binder that expands when heated. This thermally induced expansion greatly increases the resistivity of the overall device. This, in turn, limits the current into the protected circuit. Once conditions return to nominal, the device will cool down and it will return to its prior low resistance state. This allows the PTC to protect the load against multiple transient events without needing to be replaced. It should be noted however, that PTCs do exhibit some aging with repeated activation such that their nominal resistance slowly increases. This can lead to “thermal runaway” such that, even under non-fault conditions, the resistivity will rise to the point that the device will need to be replaced. However, this effect is usually not observed until a very large number of events have occurred (on the order of hundreds.)

and PTCs, these devices are placed in series with the current into the load. However, since their resistance DECREASES with temperature, NTCs serve an opposite function. NTCs have HIGH resistance at lower temperatures, so when power is first applied to the load, they limit the initial input current to a safe value. Then, as load current passes through them, their temperature will increase due resistive heating. However, as they heat up, their resistance drops by orders of magnitude. This allows them to pass sufficient load current without excessive losses. They are commonly used in AC/DC power supplies, but are being displaced by more efficient FET-based solutions in order to meet increasingly tough efficiency standards. Their schematic symbol is the same as the PTC, but with a negative sign in front of the “t” indicating the negative temperature coefficient. 4. Thyristors: A thyristor is a four layer semiconductor device that can be thought of as a combination of an NPN and PNP transistor pair connected in the following manner: Thyristor internal NPN-PNP structure

Bi-Directional

Uni-Directional

Anode

+t° Figure 2: PTC electronic fuse schematic symbol

Gate

Device Key Specifications and Relative Comparisons Component

Relative Energy Absorbtion (1 to 10 scale) 1 = smallest

Relative Speed of Activation (1 to 10 scale) 1 = fastest

Device Impedance Prior to, During and After Activation

Activated Voltage Range

Activated Current Range

Cycle Endurance

ESD Diodes

1 to 3

1

Clamp to diode voltage during activation; open circuit when reverse biased

Activated upon biasing of diode junction, so 0.6V

Using 10/1000µs standard pulse; devices range from 0.15A to 3A

Limited by magnitude of applied test pulse. Else, undefined.

TVS Diodes

2 to 6

2 to 4

Depends on conduction mode; Diode when forward and Zener in reverse.

From 0.6V to 570V per single device. Multidevice assemblies used for higher voltages

Using 10/1000µs standard pulse; devices range from 0.25A to 15KA


MOVs

4 to 9

3 to 5

High impedence prior to activation. Clamp during transient, high and slightly reduced impedence, after.

5V to 4.7KV

1A to 100KA

Limited by magnitude of energy absorbed per pulse. Leakage current will increase with activation cycles.

GDTs

6 to 10

4 to 8

Open circuit prior to activation. Low impedance during transient. Returns to open circuit after transient.

55V to 8.5KV

Using 10/1000µs standard pulse; devices range from 500A to 100KA

Limited by magnitude of applied test pulse. Activations will “age” device.

Fuses

Not applicable

Varies widely by device type: 3 to 9

Short circuit prior to activation; open circuit thereafter.

Current activated, but can “break” voltages from 12VDC to 1000VDC

Fuses for circuit protection are rated from 2mA to 600A

Not resettable; single cycle only.

Electronic/ PTC Resettable Fuses

1 to 4

4 to 10

Low impedance when “cold” and high impedance when “hot”.

Current activated, but voltage ratings range from 12VDC to 600VDC

Trip current ratings range from 14mA to 32A; hybrid devices to 60A

Cycle endurance extremely high when used within ratings >1K

In-Rush Current Limiters/NTC Devices

2 to 4

7 to 10

Low impedance when “hot”, high impedance when “cold”.

Current activated, but can “break” voltages from 12VDC to 1000VDC

Resistance decreases exponentially with current. Max loads range from 0.1A to 50A

Cycle endurance extremely high when used within ratings >1K

Thyristors

2 to 5

5 to 9

Open circuit prior to activation. Low impedance during transient. Returns to open circuit after transient.

15V to 700V

24A to 5KA. NOTE: ON state voltages range from just 1.5V to 8V.


Gate-to-Cathode Cathode resistor

Figure 3: Disk-type PTC devices

PTC devices range in size from small 0402 SMT devices that will trip at 0.1A to radial disk type devices that cover the mid-range of voltage and currents to large “blade” types that measure over an 1.2” x 0.4” and will trip at 50A. 3. Inrush Current Limiters/NTC Devices: As in the case of the previously discussed fuses

The parameters used to characterize fuses are not uniformly defined among various manufacturers but do consistently include the following: • Ampere Rating: the load current the fuse can conduct indefinitely without tripping within a set of test conditions defined by the manufacturer. • Voltage Rating: the maximum voltage at which the fuse can interrupt the rated short circuit current. • Cold Resistance: the resistance of the fuse when conducting no more than 10% of the rated current. • Hot Resistance: the resistance of the fuse when conducting the maximum rated current. • Nominal Melting I2t: This is the amount of energy that is required to melt the fuse element under a particular set of test conditions.

Figure 4: Gate-to-Cathode resistor

The addition of a Gate-to-Cathode resistor (as shown in Figure 4) will allow the thyristor to be “self-triggering”. In this case, simply applying a voltage across the anode and cathode terminals (called the “Switching Voltage”) will cause the lower NPN structure to turn “ON” which turns on the upper PNP structure and thus “sets” or triggers the thyristor to remain on until the conducted current falls below the minimum “Holding Current” for the device. The value of the thyristor switching voltage should be at or below the peak voltage rating of the components being protected. This “self-triggering” characteristic is very desirable in circuit protection applications and is why most thyristors used for protection have a built in-resistor and are thus two-terminal devices.


Normally, the thyristor is triggered to conduct from anode to cathode by a current injected into the gate. Then, the voltage across the anode-cathode terminals will collapse to less than a few volts or so, depending on how much current is being conducted. The device will remain in this state until the current falls below a minimum “holding” current. Then, the device returns to its “off” state and will not conduct again until the next current pulse into the gate terminal.

Other critical device parameters include: • On-State Voltage: This is the voltage across the anode and cathode when the full rated current is being conducted (typically below 5V). • Surge and Peak Current Rating: These are the currents the device can conduct without degradation for a given set of test conditions/ time durations.

• Capacitance: Since thyristors are often used to protect high-bandwidth signal lines, the capacitance that is present between the anode and cathode terminals is an important consideration. Thyristors used for circuit protection range in size from 3.3 x 3.3mm QFN devices with trigger voltages as low as 25V and peak pulse currents as low as 100A to TO-218-3 packaged devices with trigger voltages of around 200V and peak pulse currents of 5,000A. Tips for Choosing a Protection Solution When deciding on a circuit protection strategy, a good place to start would be with the relevant Safety Agency standards and certification requirements for your application. Once these are identified, copies of the standards can be obtained from UL for a fee. While these are often


only available from UL, there are a number of NRTLs (Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories) that can certify a given product’s compliance to nearly any UL Standard. That is, UL may write a given standard, but there are MANY NRTLs can certify compliance to that standard. Next, searching the sites of the leading protection device providers for application guides and design notes for your application can be a very helpful next step. Of course, any due diligence should include a review of “prior art” and how those established solutions have fared in field in terms of product failures, returns, warranty claims, etc. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis should be done to balance the usual design criteria of device cost reduction verses warranty and liability claim costs. To buy products or download data, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM

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ANALOG CORNER

ANALOG CORNER

Power Regulation, Conversion and Management

Power Regulation, Conversion and Management

BCR420U/421U: Current Regulators Simplify the Driving of LEDs

®

BCR420U and BCR421U constant current regulators provide a simple means of driving low power LED strings. Supporting adjustable currents from 10mA to 350mA allows for platform designs based on a single device to be used across multiple LED strip applications, considerably easing a manufacturer’s overall qualification process. The 40V maximum input rating ensures sufficient headroom for transient supply voltages and allows for LED short failures on long strings. With its low side driver configuration, BCR421U has the added feature of an enable function that can adjust the light output level using a PWM input signal.

XR79120: Industry’s Smallest 20A Power Module The XR79120 is a synchronous step down controller for point-of load supplies up to 20A. A wide 4.5V to 22V input voltage range allows for single supply operation from industry standard 5V, 12V, and 19.6V rails. With a proprietary emulated current mode Constant On-Time (COT) control scheme, the XR79120 provides extremely fast line and load transient response using ceramic output capacitors. It requires no loop compensation, hence simplifying circuit implementation and reducing overall component count.

IR25750L: Current Sensing IC in SOT23 Package The IR25750L is a novel current sensing IC that extracts the VDS(on) of a power MOSFET, or the VCE(on) of an IGBT, during the switch on-time. IR’s proprietary 600V HVIC technology then blocks the high drain voltage during the MOSFET or IGBT off-time. This IC allows for external current sensing resistors to be eliminated for reducing power losses and increasing overall system efficiency. The IC includes a gate drive input that provides VCC supply voltage to the IC and synchronizes the internal sensing circuit to the on and off times of the switch. Programmability and temperature compensation are also possible.

ISL8002B: UCompact Synchronous Buck Regulator The ISL8002B is a highly efficient, monolithic, synchronous step down DC/DC converter that can deliver up to 2A of continuous output current from a 2.7V to 5.5V input supply. It uses peak current mode control architecture to allow very low duty cycle operation. ISL8002B operates at a 2MHz switching frequency, thereby providing superior transient response and allowing for the use of a small inductor. Key features: programmable soft start, and output tracking and sequencing of FPGAs and microprocessors.

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FEATURES

MAQ5300: 300mA, AEC-Q100-Compliant LDO for Automotive Applications

• 10mA ± 10% constant preset current • 40V supply voltage • Low side control enabling 93% efficiency • Constant on-time control • Stable ceramic output capacitor operation • Constant 400kHz to 600kHz switching frequency • Programmable current limit with thermal compensation • Programmable soft start

The NCP51200 is a source/sink Double Data Rate (DDR) termination regulator specifically designed for low input voltage and low-noise systems where space is a key consideration. The NCP51200 maintains a fast transient response and only requires a minimum output capacitance of 20µF. The NCP51200 supports a remote sensing function and all power requirements for DDR VTT bus termination. The NCP51200 can also be used in low power chipsets and graphics processor cores that require dynamically adjustable output voltages. The NCP51200 is available in the thermally-efficient DFN10 exposed pad package, and is rated both Green and Pb-free.

FEATURES • 100mV dropout voltage at 300mA • 2.3V to 5.5V input voltage range • Stable with ceramic output capacitors • 30µs turn-on time • Thermal shutdown and current-limit protection • ±2% initial accuracy, ±3% over-temperature • 120µ VRMS output noise • 300mA guaranteed output current • 85µA total quiescent current • 2 x 2mm DFN package • 1kpcs MSRP: $0.39 US

FEATURES • Supports 2.5V and 3.3V input voltage rails • Integrated Power MOSFETs • PGOOD-logic output pin to monitor VTT regulation • VRI-reference input allows for flexible input tracking either directly or through resistor divider • Built-in soft start, under-voltage lockout and overcurrent limit • 1.1V to 3.5V P VCC voltage range • Fast load-transient response • EN-Logic input pin for shutdown mode • Remote sensing (VTTS)

FEATURES • VDS(on) or VCE(on) sensing • Enables inductance-less current sensing • Programmability and temperature compensation possible • Gate drive on/off sync input • 20.8V zener clamps on GATE and CS pins • Integrated ESD protection and latch immunity on all pins • Eliminates external current sensing resistors • 600V blocking capability • No VCC required • Filter delay at GATE turn-on (200nsec typ.) • Tiny 5-pin SOT-23 package

FEATURES • 2.7V to 5.5V input voltage range • Up to 95% peak efficiency • 2A maximum output current • Selectable PFM or PWM operation • Over-temperature/thermal protection • Overcurrent, short circuit protection • Output tracking and sequencing • 2MHz switching frequency • Under-voltage lockout, over-voltage protection • 2 x 2mm TDFN package • 1kpcs MSRP: $1 US


BD9E301EFJ: 36V, 2.5A Integrated Synchronous Buck DC/DC Converter The BD9E301EFJ-LB is a synchronous buck switching regulator with built-in power MOSFETs. It supports 7.0V to 36V input voltage range and is capable of up to 2.5A output current. The D9E301EFJ-LB is a current mode control regulator with high speed transient response. Phase compensation can also be set easily. The D9E301EFJ-LB provides complete protection features including short circuit protection, under-voltage lockout protection, thermal shutdown, overcurrent protection, reverse current protection and over-voltage protection.

FEATURES • 7.0V to 36V input voltage range • 2.5A (Max) output current • 170mΩ high side MOSFET ON-resistance • 140mΩ low side MOSFET ON-resistance • 1.0V to VIN x 0.7V output voltage range • 570kHz (typ) switching frequency • Under-voltage lockout protection • Overcurrent protection

Sensors AS5147P: High Speed Rotary Position Sensor for Safety-Critical Automotive Applications The AS5147P is a high resolution rotary position sensor for high speed (up to 28krpm) angle measurement over a full 360° range. This new position sensor is equipped with a revolutionary integrated dynamic angle error compensation (DAEC™) with almost zero latency. The robust design of the device suppresses the influence of any homogenous external stray magnetic field. A standard 4-wire SPI serial interface allows a host microcontroller to read 14-bit absolute angle position data from the AS5147P and to program non-volatile settings without a dedicated programmer.


FEATURES • DAEC dynamic angle error compensation • 14-bit core resolution • Developed per ISO 26262 SEooC • 3.3V or 5.0V supply voltage • Immune to external stray magnetic field • Up to 28.000rpm maximum speed • SPI, ABI, UVW, PWM output • TSSOP-14 package


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MAILROOM – PLEASE RECYCLE. If undelivered to the addressee, please route to the purchasing department or fax this back page to toll free number, 1-800-645-2953

ISL94203 3-to-8 Cell Li-ion Battery Pack Monitor

The ISL94203 is a Li-ion battery monitor IC that supports from 3 to 8 series connected cells. It provides full battery monitoring and pack control. The ISL94203 provides automatic shutdown and recovery from out of bounds conditions and automatically controls pack cell balancing. The ISL94203 is highly configurable as a standalone unit, but can be used with an external microcontroller, which communicates to the IC through an I2C interface. APPLICATIONS • Power tools • Battery back-up systems • E-bikes

FEATURES • Eight cell voltage monitors support Li-ion CoO2, Li-ion Mn2O4 and Li-ion FePO4 chemistries • Standalone pack control - no microcontroller needed • Multiple voltage protection options (each programmable to 4.8V; 12-bit digital value) and selectable overcurrent protection levels • Programmable detection/recovery times for over-voltage, under-voltage, overcurrent and short circuit conditions • Configuration/calibration registers maintained in EEPROM • Open battery connect detection • Integrated charge/discharge FET drive circuitry with built-in charge pump supports high-side N-channel FETs • Cell balancing uses external FETs with internal state machine or external microcontroller • Enters low power states after periods of inactivity. Charge or discharge current detection resumes normal scan rates

For more information or to buy products, go to www.FutureElectronics.com/FTM