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Focus on Rural Ontario | Children in lone-parent families: Change by CSD ... had a growth of 20% or more in the number o
on Rural Ontario

Children in lone-parent families: Change by census subdivision i

Vol. 5, No. 8, 2018

Highlights • From 2011 to 2016, across census subdivisions in non-metro census divisions, there was a wide range in the rate of change in the number of children living with in a lone-parent family. • 31% of census subdivisions had a decline of 3.3% or more while 23% of census subdivisions had a growth of 20% or more in the number of children living with a lone-parent family. Why look at children with lone-parents? Children living in a lone-parent family face different experiences compared to children living in a twoparent family. The family life of children may have a direct impact on their health, their economic, social and emotional well-being, and on their life course in the long run. For example, family life during childhood may affect the long-term relationship between children and their parents, particularly when the parents are older and need support themselves. Children living in lone-parent families or stepfamilies may also have a greater need for some services (childcare, for example) and may be more exposed to certain situations, such as living in a low-income family. (Statistics Canada. (2017) Portrait of children’s family life in Canada in 2016 (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 98-200-X201606) p.1).

In fact, among CSDs in non-metro CDs, there is a large(r) share of CSDs (31%) with a decline (of more than 3.3%) in the number of children living with a lone parent and a large(r) share of CSDs (23%) of CSDs with a substantial increase (20% or more) in the number of children living with a lone parent (Table 2). Discussion Different localities are experiencing (very) different rates of change. Thus, organizations that aim to provide support to lone parents and their children will also be experiencing very different rates of change in the demand for their services, depending upon their location.

Assessing the pace of change in the number of children with lone parents will indicate the localities faced with a need to change the scale of their efforts to provide programs for both the parents and the children and youth in lone-parent families. Findings Across census subdivisions 1 (CSDs) within nonmetro census divisions (CDs), there is a wide range in the pace of change in the number of children living in a lone-parent family. From 2011 to 2016, 10 CSDs in non-metro CDs experienced a growth of over 43% whereas, at the other end of the distribution, 10 CSDs experienced a decline of more than 27% (Table 1). 1

A census subdivision is an incorporated town or municipality (or similar jurisdiction, such as an Indian Reserve). For details, see Statistics Canada. (2017) 2016 Census Dictionary (Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 98-301).

Focus on Rural Ontario | Children in lone-parent families: Change by CSD

Table 1. Ranking of census subdivisions1 by percent change in number of children (under 15 years of age) living in a lone-parent family, Ontario, 2011 to 2016 Rank of CSDs CD Name of census w ithin division (CD) each CD ID type

Number of children

CSD ID

Name of census subdivision1 (CSD)

Percent change, living in a lone-parent 2011 to census family 2016 2011 2016 (under 15 years of age)

Census subdivisions within metro CDs (showing2 the 5 highest and the 5 lowest ranking CSDs) 1 2 3 4 5

3524 3519 3519 3519 3519

Halton York York York York

3524009 3519049 3519044 3519036 3519028

Milton King Whitchurch-Stouffville Markham Vaughan

1,890 300 730 5,960 5,590

2,675 365 870 6,685 6,165

3529 Brant 3529005 Brant 18 790 785 3521 Peel 3521005 Mississauga 19 19,630 19,380 3520 Toronto 3520005 Toronto 20 91,160 88,225 3519 York 3519054 East Gwillimbury 21 465 440 3524 Halton 3524015 Halton Hills 22 1,580 1,430 Census subdivisions in partially-non-metro CDs (show ing2 the 5 highest and the 5 low est ranking CSDs) 3512 Hastings 3512036 Madoc 1 35 70 3552 Sudbury 3552001 French River 2 40 65 3522 Dufferin 3522021 Shelburne 3 205 325 3512 Hastings 3512026 Centre Hastings 4 80 125 3543 Simcoe 3543064 Wasaga Beach 5 400 565

148 149 150 151 152

3558 3523 3552 3558 3507

Thunder Bay Wellington Sudbury Thunder Bay Leeds & Grenville

3558059 3523009 3552023 3558062 3507017

Marathon Guelph/Eramosa Sables-Spanish Rivers Pic River 50 Front of Yonge

150 225 110 45 60

115 170 80 30 35

41.5 21.7 19.2 12.2 10.3 -0.6 -1.3 -3.2 -5.4 -9.5 100.0 62.5 58.5 56.3 41.3 -23.3 -24.4 -27.3 -33.3 -41.7

Census subdivisions within non-metro CDs (showing2 the 10 highest and the 10 lowest ranking CSDs) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180

3554 3547 3548 3509 3509 3538 3540 3556 3549 3509 3541 3547 3556 3538 3547 3557 3532 3544 3538 3536

Timiskaming Renfrew Nipissing Lanark Lanark Lambton Huron Cochrane Parry Sound Lanark Bruce Renfrew Cochrane Lambton Renfrew Algoma Oxford Muskoka Lambton Chatham-Kent

3554036 3547090 3548094 3509010 3509001 3538016 3540010 3556014 3549022 3509015 3541069 3547035 3556092 3538015 3547030 3557076 3532045 3544027 3538025 3536029

Armstrong Laurentian Hills Nipissing, Unorganized, North Part Drummond/North Elmsley Montague Enniskillen Bluewater Black River-Matheson Burk's Falls Tay Valley

30 50 40 110 85 45 110 50 45 80

55 85 65 175 135 70 170 75 65 115

83.3 70.0 62.5 59.1 58.8 55.6 54.5 50.0 44.4 43.8

Northern Bruce Peninsula Bonnechere Valley Cochrane, Unorganized, North Part Brooke-Alvinston Madawaska Valley Wawa Blandford-Blenheim Lake of Bays Sarnia 45 Moravian 47

55 90 100 95 95 125 140 55 70 55

40 65 70 65 65 85 95 35 40 30

-27.3 -27.8 -30.0 -31.6 -31.6 -32.0 -32.1 -36.4 -42.9 -45.5

1. Census subdivisions (CSDs) are incorporated tow ns, municipalities or similar jurisdictions, such as Indian Reserves. Census subdivisions w ith less than 30 children (under 15 years of age) living w ith a lone-parent in 2011 or 2016 are excluded from this table. 2. For the ranking of all CSDs, see the "Expanded Table 1" at http://w w w .ruralontarioinstitute.ca/rural-reports/focus-on-rural-ontario. Source: Statistics Canada. Census of Population, 2016, Table 98-400-X2016041.

Focus on Rural Ontario | Children in lone-parent families: Change by CSD

Table 2. Percent distribution of census subdivisions1 by size of PERCENT CHANGE in number of children (under 15 years of age) who live in a lone-parent census family, Ontario, 2011 to 2016 Percent change from 2011 to Type of census division (CD) 2016 in the number of children (under 15 years of age) who live Metro Partially-non- Non-metro All CDs metro CDs CDs in a lone-parent census family CDs Percent distribution of census subdivisions1

Less than -3.3% -3.3% to 3.2% 3.3% to 19.9% 20% and over All CSDs 1

13 25 50 13 100

26 20 34 20 100

31 24 22 23 100

28 23 28 21 100

1. Census subdivisions (CSDs) are incorporated tow ns, municipalities or similar jurisdictions, such as Indian Reserves). Only CSDs w ith more than 5 children in each of 2011 and 2016 are included in this table. Source: Statistics Canada. Census of Population, 2016, Table 98-400-X2016041.

The Rural Ontario Institute gratefully acknowledges the work of Ray Bollman in preparing this edition of Focus on Rural Ontario. Questions on data sources can be directed to [email protected]. Any comments or discussions can be directed to [email protected]. i

This is a companion to the Focus on Rural Ontario Fact Sheet entitled “Children in lone-parent families: Change by census division.”

Focus on Rural Ontario | Children in lone-parent families: Change by CSD