Open Access and Beyond Open Access at CERN Library - OCLC.org

EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015

Open Access and Beyond Open Access at CERN Library OCLC EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA REGIONAL COUNCIL

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Corrado Pettenati Consultant, Library performance measurements and former CERN Librarian - Geneva

Presentation plan The pre-print age – Open access before Open Access in the 50-ties EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015

The e-print age – The WWW was invented at CERN at the end of 80-ties • Tim Berners-Lee and his magic schema

The e-archive age – Paul Ginsparg started the first e-archive in early 90-ties – The e-archive was born OCLC EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA REGIONAL COUNCIL

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Time for a new scientific documentation business model – CERN Library launched in 2006 a proposal for a new scientific publications business plan – The new business plan was fully implemented in 2013

CERN, Geneva


OCLC EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA REGIONAL COUNCIL

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CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research (since 1954) EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


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• The world leading high-energy physics laboratory • 2400 staff (mostly engineers) • 11000 users (mostly physicists) • Operating the 27-km LHC accelerator • Observed the first scalar boson in July 2012

The open access before Open Access EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


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The CERN Convention (1953) contains what is effectively an early Open Access manifesto: “… the results of its experimental and theoretical work shall be published or otherwise made generally available”

An old preprint



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Built on a solid tradition EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


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The pre-print age • Open access in paper – 50ties EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


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• Mrs. Luisella Goldschmidt-Clermont, the CERN first librarian, started a paper distribution of the CERN preprints – Some 1100 copies to labs, departments of universities, and directly to a selected group of scientists all around the world

• The CERN e-archive went up on 1994 • The pre-print distribution (on paper) was discontinued in 1995

The e-archive age


• Tim Berners-Lee developed the first WWW at CERN at the end of 80-ties – The magic schema


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“information management”



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T. Berners-Lee at CERN, early ’90s

You may buy a T-shirt…



https://cds.cern.ch/record/369245?ln=fr 12



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☺



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Date: Fri, 13 Dec 91 17:55:53 GMT+0100 From: timbl (Tim Berners-Lee) Message-Id: To: www-interest, www-talk Subject: WWW to SPIRES on SLACVM - Experimental Cc: [email protected] (Paul Kunz) There is an experimental W3 server for the SPIRES High energy Physics preprint database, thanks to Terry Hung, Paul Kunz and Louise Addis of SLAC. It's only just been put up, so don't expect perfection. With the w3 line mode browser, follow a link to it from our home page, then type for example EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015

K FIND AUTHOR KUNZ the "FIND" is necessary at the moment, though it may change later.

- Tim Paul Kunz wrote a few days ago:OCLC EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA REGIONAL COUNCIL

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"The SLAC Library maintainer of SPIRES databases, Louise Addis, is absolutely delighted. She will ask for a permanent VM service machine and finish off the polishing. Things are really moving now." "By the way, we certainly have the impression that accessing SPIRES from www on a UNIX machine is faster than using a terminal logged into SLACVM. Even a real 3278 terminal is not as fast. Actually, accessing CERNVM FIND via www seems faster than logging into cernvm and doing the same command as well."

The first e-archive


• Paul Ginsparg started the first web e-archive in early 90-ties at Los Alamos Labs, then he moved the e-archive at Cornell • arXiv.org


– It contains now some 1 M papers » Supported by voluntary contributions

• The e-print was born 16

HEP has pioneered repositories; still developing Time to share with other disciplines and other geographic regions



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Open Access is not enough the opportunity for re-use is equally

important EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


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• Copyright should be liberal and has to be in the hands of the community – All LHC articles (~4 papers/week since December 2009) have been published Open Access, Copyright CERN under CC license

INSPIRE CERN, DESY, Fermilab, SLAC, IHEP (CN) worldwide digital library service for HEP based on INVENIO



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1M records 50K users

(HEP and neighboring fields)

(HEP and neighboring fields)

http://inspirehep.net 20



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The data behind plots - How to cite scientific data - Possible reuse of data behind plots EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


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The Higgs boson was finally observed!



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Open Data Portal • CERN makes public first data of LHC experiments EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


– Geneva 20 November 2014. CERN launched today its Open Data Portal where data from real collision events, produced by the LHC experiments will for the first time be made openly available to all. It is expected that these data will be of high value for the research community, and also be used for education purposes. – All data on OpenData.cern.ch are shared under a Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication

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And what about ..


• Last summer people started to ask “why not also proceedings” • Conference proceedings – An important scientific publication – A substantial effort to prepare – Very expensive publication • Hard negotiation with specialised publishers

– Late in publication OCLC EUROPE, MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA REGIONAL COUNCIL

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• • • •

Quite a steep hill to overcome Many lessons learned Strong support from the many people involved On going action

What is the easy solution? • Negotiate and agree with publishront EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


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– Ensuring reasonable prices that can be absorbed within the (conference) budget – Ensuring real Open Access with regards to re-use, optimally CC-BY-3.0 – Ensuring printing as an “add on” - either to be handled by the publisher or the organizer

What should we do now to make conference proceedings OA? EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


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• You have certainly, in your own fields, many opportunities to take the initiative at the next conference • You may use your librarian role to ensure OA for all science proceedings around the world • Publication Committee Chairs should reach out with the information to their respective research teams • Library teams should be involved in the organisation of science conferences The easy road to Open Access to proceedings is just waiting for us!

Beyond Open Access



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• The e-archives are a great step forward an Open Science • Open Data is becoming real • The real possibility to prepare conference proceedings in open access is an additional step • Bu it is not enough …

Time for a new scientific documentation business model EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


• Jens Vigen, the current CERN head librarian, launched in 2006 a proposal for a new scientific publications business plan – Funds from subscriptions should be moved to pay in advance author fees in main scientific journals – The journals accepting the proposal would become “Open Access”

• The new business plan was fully implemented in 2013 33



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Let’s peek at a paper



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4 ½ pages of article



9 pages of authors and affiliations 36



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32 page article out of a 16 pages author list ☺

Many questions (and possibly more answers … or questions))

• Who is the author? EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


– Obviously the Collaboration

• Are all authors entitled to transfer copyright? – Most people have no idea … – US federal employees retain copyright – UK government employees should claim Crown copyright etc.

• How is an author defined? – Is a future member of the collaboration considered as an author and hence entitled the same rights?

• Etc. etc. 38

SCOAP3 : a shared effort towards gold OA



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Includes currently 17 countries The project has become mainstream “Missing countries” are currently being contacted

A study of HEP authorship in leading journals J.Krause,C.M.Lindqvist,S.Mele CERN-OPEN-2007-014

11326 articles



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All HEP “core” journals and HEP fraction of broadband journals. Co-authorship is taken into account on a pro-rata basis by assigning articles to countries according to their number of authors.



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• SCOAP3 budget is now of 6 M$/year • In 2014 the consortium published 4300 articles from 88 countries • CERN publications will be 100% OA from 2015-16 onwards. • For SCOAP3 members money is being returned by Elsevier in 2014. • New Springer contracts include this discount. • So does IOPP.

Further ..



• All LHC physics results have been published Open Access • Most importantly, this information can be re-used thanks to Creative Commons licenses, • As of January 2014, thanks to the SCOAP3 initiative this opportunity is now available to the entire high-energy physics community. Together with over 2000 libraries in 38 countries, CERN has arranged for all high-energy physics results published in SCOAP journals to become Open Access • In 2014, CERN and the American Physical Society (APS) announced a partnership to increase the opportunities for articles with CERN authors to be published Open

Access. 43

Beyond Open Access EMEA REGIONAL COUNCIL MEETING 2015


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A 60-year story from High-Energy Physics … but nobody cared about retaining copyright




Thank you Questions?

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