Other Meetings - NACE International [PDF]

NACE International 15835 Park Ten Place Houston, TX 77084 Phone: 281-228-6223 Fax: 281-228-6329

Click on Meeting Name to Add to Itinerary

Other Meetings Time

Name

Friday,8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

NACE Foundation Board of Directors

Sunday,8 a.m. to 12 a.m.

Volunteer Day

Description

Join NACECares and fellow members as we partner with the City of Phoenix Parks and Recreation Department for a community project to leave our footprint and give back to our hosting city. Some duties include: working on some painting projects, cleaning up a park and baseball field, and planting trees. Transportation will be provided to and from the site.

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Sheraton Phoenix Downtown

Estrella

Phoenix Convention Center

Register at www.nace.org/VolunteerPhoenix Sunday,11 :30a.m. to 4 p.m.

Western Area Board of Trustees


Room 226 A

Sunday,1 p.m. to 5 p.m.

African Corrosion Professionals


Room 130


Guest Program Reception


Oculus


Chinese Society of Corrosion and Protection (CSCP) & NACE Dinner


Encanto

Monday,7 a.m. to 8 a.m.

Speaker Breakfast Monday


Room 120 A

On Sunday, April 15, guests will enjoy an afternoon to unwind and relax with other Guest Program attendees. The reception will last from 2 to 5 p.m., and food and drinks will be provided.



Plenary Lecture

Monday,8 a.m. to 9 :30a.m.

Guest Program Breakfast Monday

Monday,1 p.m. to 2 p.m.

NACE U Student Meeting


This talk highlights some of the industrial history of environmental cracking and suggests that our limited understanding and management has been affected by early, simplistic approaches that persist to this day in the code.


Room 121 A-C


Oculus


Room 129

Education Strategic Planning


Room 222 A

Tuesday,7 a.m. to 8 a.m.

Speaker Breakfast Tuesday


Room 120 A


Fellow's Breakfast


Room 129

Tuesday,7 :30a.m. to 9 a.m.

Guest Program Breakfast Tuesday


Oculus


Keynote

Commander Mike Abrashoff will be the featured keynote speaker at CORROSION 2018 in Phoenix, Arizona. Abrashoff, a former commander in the U.S. Navy, is a world-renowned expert on management techniques, leadership, and the importance of workplace culture.


Room 120 B-D

Tuesday,8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Headshot Station

Need to upgrade your professional headshot? Stop by the Headshot Station to update your look and professional profile. It is located in the main concourse.


Exhibit Hall

Do you have five minutes to discover your career? Or gain a snapshot into your future career? Are you a student or a professional with five or fewer years of industry experience? Join NACE U’s presenters as they share a glimpse into their industry and career. How much can you learn in five minutes? Get inspired, focus on your future, and plan your career.


Tuesday,11 :15a.m. to 11 :45a.m.

Whitney Lecture

Tuesday,1 p.m. to 5 p.m.

The Willis Rodney Whitney Award is given in recognition of significant contributions to corrosion science. This year's recognition goes to Dr. 6UGMDQ1HãLü)1$&(


Room 101

Chinese Society of Corrosion and Protection (CSCP) Seminar


Room 227 A

Wednesday,7 a.m. to 8 a.m.

Speaker Breakfast Wednesday


Room 120 A

Wednesday,8 a.m. to 9 :30a.m.

Guest Program Breakfast Wednesday


Oculus

Wednesday,11 a.m. to 1 p.m.

NACE Arizona Section


Ahwatukee

Wednesday,11 :15a.m. to 11 :45a.m.

Speller Lecture


Room 101

Wednesday,11 :30a.m. to 1 p.m.

TCC Officer Training


Room 104

Wednesday,1 p.m. to 2 p.m.

NACE/ASTM J01.02 Joint subcommittee on Terminology


Room 104


NIICAP Oversight Board


Room 122 A


Awards Dinner


Valley of the Sun

Thursday,7 a.m. to 8 a.m.

Speaker Breakfast Thursday


Room 120 A

The Frank Newman Speller Award is given in recognition of significant contributions in the field of corrosion engineering. This year's recognition goes to Dr. Robert (Bob) Tapping.

The Awards Dinner recognizes select NACE International members for their outstanding contributions to NACE, corrosion control methods, science, and engineering. Share in the celebration as the 20182019 NACE officers are introduced. The dress is business or cocktail attire. Due to limited seating, it is recommended that you purchase your ticket in advance. Individual tickets and full tables are available.


Central Area Board of Trustees CENTRAL BOT Time

Name

Description


Central Area Board of Trustees

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

CENTRAL BOT


Room 126 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

E ASIA BOT


Room 127 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

EASTERN BOT


Room 231

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

EC


Room 222 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

EURO BOT


Room 104

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

LAMERICAN BOT


Room 126 A

East Asia & Pacific Rim Area Board of Trustees E ASIA BOT Time

Name

Description


East Asia & Pacific Area Board of Trustees

Eastern Area Board of Trustees EASTERN BOT Time

Name

Description


Eastern Area Board of Trustees

Education Committee EC Time

Name


Education Committee

Description

European Area Board of Trustees EURO BOT Time

Name

Tuesday,12 :30a.m. to 3 p.m.

European Area Board of Trustee

Description

Latin American Area Board of Trustees LAMERICAN BOT Time

Name

Sunday,12 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Latin American Area Board of Trustees

Description


NACE Foundation Mini- Camp MINI CAMP Time

Name

Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail


Foundation Mini-Camp CORROSION: Opportunities Realized

To educate the next generation on MINI CAMP the destructiveness of corrosion, the NACE Foundation is hosting a daylong mini-camp for local high school students in conjunction with CORROSION 2018.


Room 125 A-B

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

NABOT


Room 104

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

NII004


Laveen

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

NII04B


Laveen

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

NII04E


Laveen

Northern Area BOT NABOT Time

Name

Tuesday,8 a.m. to 9 :30a.m.

Northern Area Board of Trustee

Description

NACE Institute Certification Commission NII004 Time

Name


NII Certification Commission

Description

NII Specialty Board for Protective Coatings Certifications NII04B Time

Name

Tuesday,3 p.m. to 5 :30p.m.

NII Specialty Board for Protective Coatings

Description

NII Specialty Board for Pipeline Certifications NII04E Time

Name

Sunday,10 :30a.m. to 12 :30a.m.

NII Specialty Board for Pipeline Certifications

Description


Section Officer Meeting SEC OFC Time

Name

Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail


Section Officers Meeting

Connect with your peers, share, and SEC OFC learn best practices from NACE staff and your fellow leaders. There is no other place to meet more than 100 section leaders just like you— all ready to share their successes and learn from yours! Facing a challenge? You may find the answer at the Section Officer Meeting. This meeting is exclusively for section leaders!


Room 231

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

TCC ALL


Room 226 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail


Room 231

Technical Coordination Committee (TCC) TCC ALL Time

Name

Description


TCC Coordinator Training

TCC Session 1 TCC01 Time

Name

Description


TCC 101 Session I

Is this your first time at TCC01 CORROSION? Have you been a member and always wondered how our standards are developed or how you can play a role in the process? If so, technical committee officers and NACE staff members are offering two separate sessions to welcome you to Technical Committees 101. As a participant, this session will benefit you by: Providing a basic understanding of how technical committees work Learning how you can get involved in technical standards development Identifying research topics of greatest interest to you and your company Answering your technical committee questions



Name

Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail


TCC 101 Session II

Is this your first time at TCC2 CORROSION? Have you been a member and always wondered how our standards are developed or how you can play a role in the process? If so, technical committee officers and NACE staff members are offering two separate sessions to welcome you to Technical Committees 101. As a participant, this session will benefit you by: Providing a basic understanding of how technical committees work Learning how you can get involved in technical standards development Identifying research topics of greatest interest to you and your company Answering your technical committee questions


Room 129

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

W ASIA BOT


Room 226 A

West Asian and African Board of Trustees W ASIA BOT Time

Name


West Asia & Africa Area Board of Trustee

Networking Meetings

Description


Time

Name

Description

Saturday,7 a.m. to 9 p.m.

Saturday Guest Tour: The Grand Canyon

Sit back, relax and get ready to enjoy a fun and informative 14 hour tour to the Grand Canyon, including stops in Sedona and the Navajo Reservation. There will be brief stops to view the famous Red Rocks of Sedona before a spectacular scenic drive through Oak Creek Canyon. Enjoy a delicious lunch, on your own, at the Cameron Trading Post on the Navajo Reservation overlooking the Little Colorado River Gorge before heading into Grand Canyon National Park. Time allows to walk around the rim and take some spectacular pictures. Your last stop will include time to shop and view the canyon one last time from the historic El Tovar Hotel. Your return trip includes a 30 minute rest stop so you can grab a quick bite before returning to your hotel. Don’t miss this once in a lifetime Grand Canyon Experience!

Committee(s)

Location Sheraton Phoenix Downtown

Price includes: Entrance Fees, Guide Service, transportation, bottled water Sunday,8 a.m. to 11 a.m.

NACE Foundation - C18 NACE Race Individual Entry

Individual entry for the 23rd Annual NACE Race is $20 USD, and includes official race t-shirt and post-race refreshments. Participants will meet at convention center to ride shuttle to park.


Location TBD Sunday,8 :30a.m. to 3 p.m.

NACE Foundation - C18 Golf Join us at TPC Scottsdale for the Tournament Early Corporate Darrel D. Byerley Memorial Golf Package Tournament to kick off CORROSION 2018 in Phoenix. Corporate Package includes a foursome and Hole Sponsor recognition.

TPC Scottsdale

Location Detail


Sunday,8 :30a.m. to 3 p.m.

NACE Foundation - C18 Golf Join us at TPC Scottsdale for the Tournament Corporate Darrel D. Byerley Memorial Golf Package Tournament to kick off CORROSION 2018 in Phoenix. Corporate Package includes a foursome and Hole Sponsor recognition.

TPC Scottsdale


NACE Foundation - C18 Golf Join us at TPC Scottsdale for the Tournament Early Corporate Darrel D. Byerley Memorial Golf Team Tournament to kick off CORROSION 2018 in Phoenix. Corporate Team includes a foursome.

TPC Scottsdale


NACE Foundation - C18 Golf Join us at TPC Scottsdale for the Tournament Corporate Team Darrel D. Byerley Memorial Golf Tournament to kick off CORROSION 2018 in Phoenix. Corporate Team includes a foursome.

TPC Scottsdale


NACE Foundation - C18 Golf Join us at TPC Scottsdale for the Tournament Individual Player Darrel D. Byerley Memorial Golf Tournament to kick off CORROSION 2018 in Phoenix. Sign up as an individual player, and we will place you with a foursome.

TPC Scottsdale

Sunday,5 :30p.m. to 7 p.m.

Opening Reception


The 2018 Opening Night Reception opens CORROSION 2018 in Phoenix, as attendees and exhibitors interact over drinks and hor d'oeuvres. Drink tickets will be provided at registration. This reception is co-sponsored by Carboline and NACE International. The two organizations are bound together by a common vision of corrosion prevention, environmental preservation, and education.

Room 120 D



Monday Guest Tour: Desert Botanical Garden Discovery Tour

Experience and embrace the magnificent beauty of the desert with a visit to the Desert Botanical Garden. Your 1 hour guided tour will focus on desert plant biology. You can explore the great diversity of form, texture and color found in this wondrous array of cacti and succulents from around the world. You will also learn how desert plants are uniquely adapted to survive and thrive in a harsh desert environment and people’s interactions with desert plants. Learn the amazing ways people use desert plants for food, tools, and shelter. This tour features such plants as saguaros, agave, mesquite, prickly pear, and jojoba as you traverse through the highlights of this amazing collection. Additional time allowed to explore on your own.


Price includes, Admission and guided tour, Guide Service, transportation, bottled water Monday,1 p.m. to 5 p.m.

Monday Guest Tour: Phoenix City

Enjoy a guided tour of Phoenix and the surrounding area. You will learn the history of Phoenix and its’ founders. Next, Mummy Mountain rises 300 feet above the Valley and offers 180 degree panoramic views of the Valley of the Sun. You will have a chance to see some of Frank Lloyd Wright’s famous homes, in addition to the State Capitol Museum and the quaint shops of Old Town Scottsdale. Your last stop will be at the Pueblo Grande Museum. Here you can see 1,500 year old Hohokam village ruins. What a day! Price includes: Museum Fee, tax, Guide Service, Transportation and Bottled Water



Monday,7 :30p.m. to 11 :30p.m.

30 Below - For Young Students & Professionals Under 30

Students and professionals under the age of 30 are invited to unwind and network during a night out on the town. Connect with the brightest new minds in the world of corrosion as you enjoy an evening of music, drinks, and food. We hope to see you there!

Valley Bar


Tuesday Guest Tour: Apache Trail, Dolly Steamboat, Goldfield Ghost Town

Your Apache Trail tour begins as you travel the same route as the early explorers of the Apache trail and into the rugged wilderness of the Tonto National Forest. First stop is Sonoran Desert Walk-The Superstition Mountains will serve as the backdrop for an easy and informative Sonoran Desert Walk. Over thrity different plants, desert birds and mammal species are encountered along this scenic trail. These desert inhabitants played an important role in the daily lives of the Native Americans of the Sonoran Desert. Nest, we visit Tortilla Flat, originally a stage stop in 1094. It is now a remnant of an Old West town and home to six people. Here, you will learn the history of the Superstition Mountains, hear about the Lost Dutchman, and other gold legends. Your journey back in time continues as you board the double decks of Dolly Steamboat for a 90 minute narrated tour of Canyon Lake. Here, you will enjoy lunch on your own.


Valley Bar



NACE Foundation - C18 GenNEXT Bash Individual Ticket

Join us for GenNEXT Bash and get ready to Get Your Groove On, as we honor our outstanding students and scholarship recipients for 2018, and celebrate the future of our industry.

The Van Buren

The evening kicks off at 7:00 pm with our Scholarship Awards Ceremony, as we recognize the achievements of this year’s student recipients. At 8:00 pm, the lights go down and the music turns up, as Salt Lake City’s Groove Merchants Band makes a return visit to the CORROSION stage! This versatile, high energy band brings excitement and crowd interaction that keeps the dance floor filled all night! Hosted bar - beer & wine. Proceeds benefit the NACE Foundation. Wednesday,9 :30a.m. to 2 p.m.

Wednesday Guest Tour: Odysea Experience

You are off to visit the largest aquarium in the southwest, housing over 30,000 animals. You are on your own to roam through all this amazing venue has to offer. It has nine massive globe-shaped aquariums suspended from the lobby ceiling and a submerged escalator, allowing visitors to descend deep into the ocean while surrounded by thousands of aquatic animals. After lunch, on your own, you will also have time to visit Butterfly Wonderland. Here, you will discover the amazing life of the butterfly, from caterpillar to chrysalis. Step inside the largest indoor rainforest conservatory in the United States. Butterfly Wonderland truly is one of the most amazing butterfly conservatories in the world. Price includes: Admission to Odysea Experience, Admission to Butterfly Wonderland, and Roundtrip Transportation




Awards Dinner Table

Thursday,7 a.m. to 9 p.m.

Thursday Guest Tour: The Grand Canyon

Sheraton Phoenix Downtown Sit back, relax and get ready to enjoy a fun and informative 14 hour tour to the Grand Canyon, including stops in Sedona and the Navajo Reservation. There will be brief stops to view the famous Red Rocks of Sedona before a spectacular scenic drive through Oak Creek Canyon. Enjoy a delicious lunch, on your own, at the Cameron Trading Post on the Navajo Reservation overlooking the Little Colorado River Gorge before heading into Grand Canyon National Park. Time allows to walk around the rim and take some spectacular pictures. Your last stop will include time to shop and view the canyon one last time from the historic El Tovar Hotel. Your return trip includes a 30 minute rest stop so you can grab a quick bite before returning to your hotel. Don’t miss this once in a lifetime Grand Canyon Experience!

Valley of the Sun


Price includes: Entrance Fees, Guide Service, transportation, bottled water

Administrative Meetings Time

Name

Saturday,8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Board of Directors


Maryvale


General Membership Meeting


Room 101


Student Poster Orientation


Room 129

Monday,10 a.m. to 1 p.m.

Past Presidents Council


North Mountain


Monday,11 :30a.m. to 1 :30p.m.

CORROSION Journal Editorial Board


Room 223


Policy Committee


North Mountain


Research Committee


Room 231

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

ACC


Room 126 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

ACPC1


Room 230

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Area Coordination Committee ACC Time

Name

Description


Area Coordination Committee

Symposium Officer Training ACPC1 Time

Name

Description


ACPC Symposium Officer Training

ACPC Session 2 ACPC2 Time

Name

Description


ACPC Session I

ACPC2


Room 223


ACPC Session II

ACPC2


Room 104

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

AWARDS


Room 226 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

CBC10


Room 227 A

Awards Committee AWARDS Time

Name


Awards Committee

Description

Conferences and Exposition Activities Committee (CEAC) CBC10 Time

Name


Conferences & Expositions Administrative Committee

Description


Expositions Administrative Committee CBC13 Time

Name


Expositions Committee

Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

CBC13


Room 227 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

CBC35


Room 104

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

MP EDIT


Room 104

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

NII001


Laveen

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

NII002


Laveen

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

OPR CMT


Room 104

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

PLN CMT


Room 226 A

Publications Activities Committee CBC35 Time

Name


Publications Activities Committee

Description

MP Editorial Advisory Board MP EDIT Time

Name


MP Editorial Board

Description

NACE Institute Board of Directors NII001 Time

Name

Monday,9 :30a.m. to 11 :30a.m.

NII Board of Directors

Description

NACE Institute Policy and Practices Committee NII002 Time

Name


NII Policy and Practices Committee

Description

TCC Advisory Committee on Operations OPR CMT Time

Name


TCC Advisory Committee on Operations

Description

TCC Planning Committee PLN CMT Time

Name


TCC Planning

Description


Public Policy and Outreach Committee PPOC Time

Name

Description


Public Policy & Outreach Committee

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

PPOC


Room 127 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

RPC


Room 104

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

TCC01


Room 231

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

TCC2


Room 130

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

TRAC


Room 130

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

TCC Reference Publications Committee (RPC) RPC Time

Name

Description


TCC Reference Publications Committee (RPC)


Name

Description

Sunday,1 :30p.m. to 4 :30p.m.

TCC Session I


Name

Thursday,12 a.m. to 2 p.m.

TCC Session II

Description

Technical and Research Activities Committee (TRAC) TRAC Time

Name

Thursday,2 :30p.m. to 4 :30p.m.

TRAC

Description

Technical Committee Meetings Reinforced Concrete STG 01 - Reinforced Concrete Time

Name

Description


Reinforced Concrete: Anode Test Procedures

TG 045 [01](05)


Room 221 C


Inspection Methods for Corrosion Evaluation of Prestressed Concrete Structures

TG 504 [01]


Room 221 C



State of the Art Report: Criteria for Corrosion Control of Steel in Concrete

TG 545 [01]


Room 221 C


Inspection Methods for Corrosion Evaluation of Conventionally Reinforced Concrete Structures

TG 055 [01](62)


Room 227 A


Sacrificial Cathodic Protection of Reinforced Concrete Elements

TG 557 [01](05)


Room 221 C


Test Procedure for Embeddable Impressed Current Anodes for Atmospherically Exposed Structures

TG 472 [01](05)


Room 221 C


Cathodic Protection of Prestressed Concrete Elements

TG 046 [01](05, 41)


Room 221 C


ICCP of Reinforcing Steel in Atmospherically Exposed Concrete Structures

TG 044 [01](05)


Room 127 B-C


Reinforced Concrete: Maintenance and Rehabilitation Considerations for Existing Structures

TG 324 [01]


Room 227 A


Testing and Evaluation of Corrosion on Steel-Framed Buildings

TG 460 [01](02)


Room 221 C


Reinforced Concrete: Corrosion-Resistant Reinforcement

TG 057 [01](11)


Room 102


Reinforced Concrete: StrayCurrent-Induced Corrosion

TG 356 [01](05)


Room 102


Reinforced Concrete: Design, Evaluation, and Remediation

TEG 053X [01]


Room 152


Electrochemical Realkalization of Steel-Reinforced Concrete – A State of the Art Report”

TG 556 [01]


Room 152



Reinforced Concrete

STG 01


Room 230

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Coatings and Linings, Protective: Atmospheric STG 02 - Coatings and Linings, Protective: Atmospheric Time

Name

Description


Offshore Coatings: Laboratory Testing Criteria

TEG 346X [02](03, 44)


Room 105


Threaded Fasteners: Coatings and Methods of Protection for Threaded Fasteners Used with Structural

TEG 311X [02]


Room 127 A


Review of NACE Standard TM 0304-2004

TG 260 [02](33)


Room 123



TG 312 [02]


Room 123


Determining True Insulative Value of Liquid Insulative Materials Applied on Steel Surfaces

TG 525 [02]


Room 150


Threaded Fasteners: Coatings for Protection of Threaded Fasteners Used with Structural Steel, Pipin

TG 148 [02]


Room 121 C


Hot-Dip Galvanizing for Steel Corrosion Protection

TEG 428X [02](03, 04)


Room 123


Application And Inspection of Intumescent Fireproofing

AD HOC 44 [02]


Room 226 A

Thursday,9 a.m. to 10 :30a.m.

Coatings and Linings, Protective: Atmospheric

STG 02


Room 122 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

TEG 351X [03](04)


Room 225 A-B

Coatings and Linings, Protective: Immersion and Buried Service STG 03 Coatings and Linings, Protective: Immersion and Buried Service Time

Name


Advances in Coatings Under Insulation (CUI) Technologies

Description



Consequences of Coating Failures as Related to Interaction with Cathodic Protection

TG 523 [03]


Room 103


Standard Practice for Evaluating Protective Coatings for Use Under Insulation

TG 516 [03](02, 04, 43)


Room 101


State of the Art in CUI Coating Systems

TG 425 [03](02, 04, 34, 36) Phoenix Convention Center

Room 127 B-C


Coating Conductance

TG 030 [03](05, 35, 62)


Room 103


High Temperature, High Pressure, Corrosive, Service Enviornments pertaining to Oil and Gas

TEG 526X [03](33)


Room 105

Sunday,4 p.m. to 5 :30p.m.

Coating Systems (External) for Pipeline Directional Drill Applications

TG 352 [03](04, 35)


Room 102



TG 263 [03](33)


Room 123



TG 264 [03](33)


Room 123


Coating Bending Test Method

TG 555 [03](02)


Room 130


Field-Applied Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE) Pipe Coating Systems for Girth Weld Joints: Application

TG 249 [03](04, 35)


Room 123


Sheet Rubber Linings for Abrasion and Corrosion Service

TG 540 [03]


Room 150


Coating, Polyolefin Resin Systems: Review of NACE SP0185-2007

TG 265 [03](04, 05, 35)


Room 123


Coatings, Heat-Shrink Sleeves for External Repair, Rehabilitations, and Weld Joints on Pipelines

TG 248 [03](04, 35)


Room 102



Petroleum and natural gas industries -- External coatings for buried or submerged pipelines

TG 479 [03](02, 04, 35)


Room 221 C



STG 03


Room 122 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Coatings and Linings, Protective: Surface Preparation STG 04 - Coatings and Linings, Protective: Surface Preparation Time

Name

Description


Soluble Salt Limits based on Service Environment

TG 546 [04]


Room 222 A



STG 04


Room 122 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Cathodic/Anodic Protection STG 05 - Cathodic/Anodic Protection Time

Name

Description


Steel, Structural: Corrosion Control of Pilings in Nonmarine Applications

TG 018 [05](01, 03)


Room 122 A


Cathodic Protection Monitoring: Use of Coupons

TEG 338X [05](35)


Room 122 B-C


Alternating Current (AC) Power Systems, Adjacent: Corrosion Control and Related Safety Procedures

TG 025 [05](03, 35)


Room 122 A


Cathodic Protection Coupon Technology

TG 210 [05](35)


Room 122 B-C


AC Corrosion on Cathodically Protected Pipelines: Risk Assessment, Mitigation, and Monitoring

TG 430 [05](35)


Room 122 B-C


Cathodic Protection Rectifier Safety

TG 388 [05](01, 30, 35)


Room 122 A


Cathodic Protection

TEG 179X [05]


Room 101



ICCP of Internal Submerged Surfaces of Steel Water Storage Tanks

TG 284 [05](11, 35)


Room 130


ICCP of Internal Submerged Surfaces of Steel Water Storage Tanks

TG 167 [05]


Room 130


Corrosion Control Coordinating Committee

TEG 022X [05](01)


Room 151


Cathodic Protection of Metallic Structures Submerged in Fresh Water

TG 526 [05]


Room 151

Wednesday,2 :30p.m. to 4 p.m.

Interference Problems

TEG 262X [05](35)


Room 227 A


DC and Transit Stray Current Problems

TEG 024X [05](03)


Room 226 B-C

Thursday,1 p.m. to 3 p.m.

Cathodic/Anodic Protection, Pipelines, Tanks, and Well Casings

STG 05


Room 221 C

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Cleaning, Chemical and Mechanical STG 06 - Cleaning, Chemical and Mechanical Time

Name

Description


Cleaning: Chemical and Mechanical Cleaning

TEG 188X [06]


Room 221 C


Cleaning, Chemical and Mechanical

STG 06


Room 122 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Corrosion Management STG 08 - Corrosion Management Time

Name

Description


Economics of Corrosion: Standard

TG 200 [08]


Room 123


The Role of Corrosion Management in Materials Stewardship and Sustainability

TEG 531X [08]


Room 122 A


Corrosion Management

STG 08


Room 227 B-C


Nonmetallic Materials of Construction STG 10 - Nonmetallic Materials of Construction Time

Name


Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Corrosion Solutions for the Chemical Process Industry with Polymer Based Materials Session I

TEG 191X [10](39)


Room 230


Corrosion Solutions for the Chemical Process Industry with Polymer Based Materials Session II

TEG 191X [10](39)


Room 230


Non-Metallic Materials Basic Education

TEG 528X [10](33)


Room 101


Nonmetallic Materials of Construction: Expert Panel Discussion

TEG 239X [10](39)


Room 126 B-C


Nonmetallic Materials of Construction

STG 10


Room 230

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Water Treatment Systems STG 11 - Water Treatment Systems Time

Name

Description


Standard Practice for Monitoring Cooling Water Systems

TG 235 [11](62)


Room 130


Cooling Water Equipment, Initial Conditioning

TG 234 [11]


Room 130


Control of Corrosion, Deposition, and Microbiological Growth in Recirculating Water Systems in Build

TG 157 [11](61)


Room 151

Monday,1 p.m. to 3 :30p.m.

Recovery and Repassivation After Low pH Excursions in Open Recirculating Cooling Water Systems

TG 375 [11]


Room 221 C



Practical Applications of Water Treatment in Industrial and Commercial Systems

TEG 503X [11]


Room 150


Steam Generating Systems: Shut-Down/Lay-Up/Start-Up

TG 160 [11]


Room 225 A-B


Building Fire Protection Systems: Corrosion and Deposit Control

TEG 159X [11]


Room 225 A-B


Fire Protection Systems

TG 381 [11]


Room 225 A-B


Biocide Application/Misapplication

TEG 149X [11]


Room 230


Boiler Waterside Failure Analysis

TEG 163X [11](62)


Room 101


Water Treatment Systems

STG 11


Room 126 B-C

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Oil and Gas Production—Cathodic Protection STG 30 - Oil and Gas Production —Cathodic Protection Time

Name

Description

Sunday,9 :30a.m. to 12 a.m.

Cathodic Protection in Seawater—Discussion of Current Topics

TEG 166X [30]


Room 102


Petroleum , Petrochemical, and Natural Gas Industries— Cathodic Protection of Pipeline Transportation

TG 169 [30](05, 35)


Room 102


Corrosion Control of Submerged Areas of Offshore Steel Structures

TG 170 [30](05)


Room 102


Oil and Gas Production— Cathodic Protection

STG 30


Room 222 A


Oil and Gas Production—Corrosion and Scale Inhibition STG 31 - Oil and Gas Production—Corrosion and Scale Inhibition Time

Name


Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Oil and Gas Production, Oil Sands: Information Exchange

TEG 341X [31](11, 33, 34)


Room 231


Oil and Gas Production, Corrosion Inhibitors— Laboratory Evaluations: Information Exchange

TEG 253X [31](62)


Room 123


Corrosion Inhibitor Program Management for Oil and Gas Fields

TG 550 [31](08, 61)


Room 150


Summary of Knowledge and Experience on Internal Corrosion of Pipeline Under Dewing Conditions

TG 478 [31](35)


Room 222 A


Oil and Gas Production, CO2 Corrosion: Information Exchange

TEG 059X [31](60, 61)


Room 132 A-B


Underdeposit Corrosion

TEG 092X [31](11, 38, 60, 61)


Room 152


Downhole Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor Application via Capillary Tubing

TG 512 [31](60, 61)


Room 225 A-B


Flow Assurance in Oil and Gas Production: Information Exchange

TEG 202X [31](61, 62)


Room 226 B-C


Oil and Gas Production, Sour Corrosion: Information Exchange

TEG 282X [31](60, 61, 62)


Room 101


Oil and Gas Production, Internal Erosion and Corrosion: Strategy for Monitoring and/or Detection

TG 245 [31]


Room 123



Oil and Gas Exploration Corrosion: Information Exchange

TEG 514X [31](32, 60)


Room 226 A


Oil & Gas End-User Experience with Molecular Microbiological Methods (MMM) and Problem Solving

TEG 286X [31](60)


Room 130


Oil and Gas Production— Corrosion and Scale Inhibition

STG 31


Room 228 A-B

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

TG 299 [32]


Room 124 A-B

Wednesday,7 :30a.m. to 10 :30a.m. Double-Cantilever-Beam (DCB) Test: Information Exchange

WG 085c [32](62)


Room 106


Cracking, Stepwise: Pipeline Steels

TG 082 [32](34, 62)


Room 103

Wednesday,10 :30a.m. to 12 a.m.

Evaluation of Carbon & LowAlloy Steels for Resistance to Stress-Oriented HydrogenInduced Cracking

TG 536 [32](34, 62)


Room 106


Development of Test Method for Elevated Temperature in TM0177

WG 085e [32]


Room 103


Ripple Load Test for Evaluation of Sour Service Cracking Resistance

TG 544 [32]


Room 106


Test Method for Resistance to Environmentally-Induced Hydrogen Stress Cracking in Welds

TG 554 [32](30, 34)


Room 103

Oil and Gas Production—Metallurgy STG 32 - Oil and Gas Production— Metallurgy Time

Name


Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries— Materials for use in H2Scontaining environment

Description



Computerized Environmental Cracking Database

TG 257 [32](34, 62)


Room 106

Wednesday,4 p.m. to 5 :30p.m.

Sulfide Corrosion Cracking: Metallic Materials Testing Techniques

TG 085 [32](62)


Room 106


Metallic Materials for SuckerRod Pumps for Corrosive Oilfield Environments

TG 084 [32]


Room 103

Thursday,7 :30a.m. to 10 :30a.m.

Oil and Gas Production Materials Information Exchange

TEG 374X [32](33)


Room 225 A-B

Thursday,10 :30a.m. to 12 a.m.

STG 32 Officers Meeting

STG 32


Room 225 A-B


Oil and Gas Production— Metallurgy

STG 32


Room 225 A-B

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Oil and Gas Production—Nonmetallics and Wear Coatings (Metallic) STG 33 Oil and Gas Production—Nonmetallics and Wear Coatings (Metallic) Time

Name

Description


Insulation for Upstream and Downstream Oil and Gas Operations

TEG 086X [33]


Room 223


Accelerated Testing of Nonmetallic Materials

TEG 501X [33]


Room 132 A-B


Coating and Lining Technology for Oil and Gas

TEG 524X [33]


Room 223

Tuesday,2 :30p.m. to 4 :30p.m.

Elastomers and Other Nonmetallics for Oilfield Sealing Service

TEG 319X [33](10, 62)


Room 132 A-B


Oil and Gas Production— Nonmetallics and Wear Coatings (Metallic)

STG 33


Room 223


RP0191 Worksheet for Selection of Oilfield Nonmetaliic Seal System

TG 912 [33](03, 10, 32)


Room 132 A-B



Structural Materials for Oil and Gas

TEG 500X [33]


Room 130

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Petroleum Refining and Gas Processing STG 34 - Petroleum Refining and Gas Processing Time

Name

Description


Protection of Austenitic Stainless Steels and Other Austenitic Alloys from Polythionic Acid Stress

TG 173 [34](39, 60)


Room 230

Monday,9 :30a.m. to 10 a.m.

Petroleum Refining Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC): Review of NACE Standard MR0103

TG 231 [34](60)


Room 230


Crude Unit Distillation Column Overhead Corrosion

TG 342 [34]


Room 230


Petroleum Refinery Corrosion Specialist Certification and Oversight of Refining Industry Corrosion

TG 393 [34]


Room 230


Materials and Fabrication Practices for New Pressure Vessels Used in Wet H2S Refinery Service

TG 301 [34](32)


Room 230


Refinery Injection and Process Mixing Points

TG 174 [34]


Room 230


Carbonate Stress Corrosion Cracking in Refinery Alkaline Sour Waters

TG 347 [34](60)


Room 230


Joint API/NACE Advisory Committee—API 751 Safe Operation of HF Alkylation Units—Corrosion & Material

TG 510 [34]


Room 230


STG 34 Officers Meeting

STG 34


Room 123


Refining Industry Information Exchange: Session I

TEG 205X [34]


Room 129



Gas Treating Control Systems Corrosion Minimization

TEG 113X [34]


Room 129


Refining Industry Information Exchange: Session II

TEG 205X [34]


Room 129


STG 34 Steering Committee

STG 34


Room 230

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Pipelines, Tanks, and Well Casings STG 35 - Pipelines, Tanks, and Well Casings Time

Name

Description


Pipelines: Liquid Petroleum Industry Corrosion Control Issues

TEG 314X [35](02, 03, 04, 05)


Room 127 A


Monitoring of Pipeline Casing using CP Coupons, ER probes, permanent reference electrodes, etc.

TG 547 [35](05)


Room 150


Direct Assessment Methodology Application

TEG 558X [35](STAG A77) Phoenix Convention Center

Room 127 B-C


Pipeline Crossings: SteelCased, Thrust-Bored, and HDD

TEG 208X [35](05)


Room 122 A


Technical Guidance for Using Self-Propelled In-Line Inspection Devices in the Direct Examination

TG 522 [35](31, 41)


Room 150


Steel Pipelines and Piping Systems: Internal Corrosion Control

TG 038 [35]


Room 227 A


Pipeline Direct Assessment Methodology

TG 041 [35]


Room 122 A


Report on Underdeposit Corrosion (UDC) of Pipelines

TG 533 [35](31, 60)


Room 151


Molecular Microbiological Methods – Sample Handling and Laboratory Processing

TG 561 [35](60)


Room 103



Detection, Testing, and Evaluation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion on Internal Surfaces

TG 254 [35]


Room 104


Standard for External Corrosion Control of OnGrade Carbon Steel Storage Tank Bottoms Session I

TG 543 [35](05)


Room 122 A


Corrosion Management of Aboveground Storage Tanks

TEG 132X [35]


Room 122 A


Pipelines: In-Line Inspection

TEG 267X [35]


Room 221 C


Hydrotesting and Long-Term Wet Storage of Pipelines, Risers, and Subsea Equipment

TG 440 [35](31, 60)


Room 221 C


Pipeline Corrosion Management

TG 370 [35](02, 03, 05)


Room 126 A


Application of Cathodic Protection for External Surfaces of Steel Well Casings

TG 446 [35](05)


Room 126 A


Well Casings, Corrosion Control: Information Exchange

TEG 080X [35]


Room 123


3D Laser and Structured Light

TG 502 [35](05)


Room 126 A


External Cathodic Protection of On-Grade Carbon Steel Storage Tank Bottoms

TG 013 [35](05)


Room 123


Measurement Techniques Related to Criteria for Cathodic Protection on Underground or Submerged Metal

TG 020 [35](05)


Room 102


Standard for External Corrosion Control of OnGrade Carbon Steel Storage Tank Bottoms Session II

TG 543 [35](05)


Room 123



Wet Gas Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment Methodology for Pipelines

TG 305 [35](31)


Room 223


Cathodic/Anodic Protection, Pipelines, Tanks, and Well Casings

STG 35


Room 221 C

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Process Industry—Materials Performance in Chemicals STG 36 - Process Industry—Materials Performance in Chemicals Time

Name

Description


Control of Corrosion Under Thermal Insulation and Fireproofing Materials—A Systems Approach

TG 325 [36](03, 04)


Room 226 A


Hydrochloric Acid and Chlorine: Materials and Experiences

TEG 398X [36](10)


Room 127 A


Failure Prevention Case Histories

TEG 118X [36](39)


Room 130


Sulfuric Acid—Material and Experiences

TEG 115X [36]


Room 102


Materials Selection and Corrosion Control in the Mineral Processing Industries

TEG 509X [36]


Room 122 A


Hydrofluoric Acid and Hydrogen Fluoride: Review of NACE Publication 5A171

TG 358 [36](34)


Room 122 A


Hydrofluoric Acid: Materials for Receiving, Handling, and Storing

TEG 119X [36](34)


Room 221 C

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

TEG 128X [37](60)


Room 222 A

Process Industry—High Temperature STG 37 - Process Industry—High Temperature Time

Name


Metal Dusting and Associated Phenomena: Effects on Materials Performance

Description



Reformer Components: Materials Issues

TEG 270X [37](34, 39)


Room 222 A


Materials, Advanced, for HighTemperature Service in the CPI

TEG 123X [37]


Room 222 A


Process Industry—High Temperature

STG 37


Room 222 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

STG 38


Room 230

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Process Industry—Pulp, Paper, and Biomass Conversion STG 38 Time

Name


Process Industry—Pulp, Paper, and Biomass Conversion

Description

Process Industries—Materials Applications and Experiences STG 39 - Process Industries—Materials Applications and Experiences Time

Name

Description


Metals: Reactive

TEG 120X [39]


Room 122 A


Stainless Steels, Duplex and Ferritic: Application

TEG 114X [39]


Room 130


Stainless Steels: Austenitic and Nickel Alloys

TEG 116X [39]


Room 130

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

STG 40


Room 127 B-C

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

TEG 368X [41]


Room 103

Military and Aerospace Systems and Facilities STG 40 Time

Name


Military and Aerospace Systems and Facilities

Description

Electric Utility Generation, Transmission, and Distribution STG 41 - Electric Utility Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Time

Name


Electric Utility Transmission and Distribution Corrosion and Grounding: Discussion of Issues

Description



Power Generation and Delivery Education Roadmap

TEG 473X [41]


Room 151


“Inspection and Assessment of Below Grade and Groundline Corrosion on Weathering Steel on Electrical

TG 538 [41](02, 03)


Room 152


Atmospheric Above Grade Inspection and Assessment of Corrosion on Steel Electrical Transmission, Dis

TG 529 [41](02)


Room 127 A


Nuclear System Corrosion

TEG 224X [41]


Room 226 A


Renewable Energy Facilities Design, Construction and Commissioning

TEG 530X [41]


Room 226 A


External Cathodic Protection for Nuclear Power Plant Piping Systems

TG 491 [41](05, 35)


Room 222 A


Geothermal System Corrosion

TEG 182X [41]


Room 222 A


Combustion and Conversion of Fossil and Alternative Fuels

TEG 183X [41]


Room 127 B-C


Electric Utility Generation, Transmission, and Distribution

STG 41


Room 122 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Transportation, Land STG 43 Time

Name

Description


Transportation, Land Session I

STG 43


Room 227 A


Transportation, Land Session II

STG 43


Room 150


Marine Corrosion: Ships and Structures STG 44 - Marine Corrosion: Ships and Structures Time

Name


Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Test to Determine the Potential Corrosion Effects

TG 452 [44](03, 05)


Room 223


Discussion on Ecological Risks of BioFouling

TEG 532X [44]


Room 221 C


Marine Corrosion: Ships and Structures

STG 44


Room 230


Marine Corrosion of Copper Alloys

TEG 523X [44]


Room 122 A


Splash Zone Site-Applied Corrosion Protection System

TG 542 [44](02, 03)


Room 122 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Pollution Control, Waste Incineration, and Process Waste STG 45 - Pollution Control, Waste Incineration, and Process Waste Time

Name

Description


Welding: Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Techniques

TG 129 [45](39)


Room 222 A


Stainless Cr-Ni Steel and NiAlloy Roll- and ExplosionBonded Clad Plate for Air Pollution Control

TG 199 [45](36)


Room 222 A


FGD Pollution Control Industries Corrosion Control

TEG 230X [45]


Room 123

Thursday,10 :30a.m. to 11 :30a.m.

Pollution Control, Waste Incineration, and Process Waste

STG 45


Room 123


Corrosion in Mining and Mineral Processing STG 47 - Corrosion in Mining and Mineral Processing Time

Name

Monday,11 :30a.m. to 1 p.m.


Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Slurry Pipeline Corrosion Management

TG 559 [47](31)


Room 151

Corrosion in Mining and Mineral Processing

STG 47


Room 123

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Corrosion Mechanisms STG 60 - Corrosion Mechanisms Time

Name

Description


Environmentally Assisted Cracking

TEG 186X [60]


Room 130


Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

TEG 187X [60](11)


Room 125 A-B


Nanotechnology and Corrosion

TEG 474X [60]


Room 102


Biomedical Implant Device Corrosion

TEG 331X [60]


Room 102


Atmospheric Corrosion

TEG 189X [60](02, 40, 62)


Room 151


Corrosion Mechanisms

STG 60


Room 130

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Inhibition—Corrosion and Scaling STG 61 - Inhibition—Corrosion and Scaling Time

Name

Description


State-of-the-Art Research on Corrosion Inhibitors

TEG 094X [61]


Room 222 A


Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors (VCIs)

TEG 093X [61](11)


Room 222 A


Inhibitors, Corrosion and Scale/Deposit

TEG 184X [61](31)


Room 125 A-B


Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors and Rust Preventives for Interim (Temporary) Corrosion Protection Advance

TEG 145X [61](02)


Room 222 A



Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors and Rust Preventives for Interim (Temporary) Corrosion Protection

TG 261 [61](02)


Room 222 A


Inhibition—Corrosion and Scaling

STG 61


Room 221 C

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

Corrosion Monitoring and Measurement—Science and Engineering Applications STG 62 - Corrosion Monitoring and Measurement—Science and Engineering Applications Time

Name

Description


Electrochemical Measurements

TEG 097X [62](41)


Room 132 A-B


Acoustic Emission Testing and Measurement

TEG 098X [62]


Room 123


Sensors: Corrosion and Corrosiveness Sensor Technology

TEG 100X [62](41)


Room 127 A


Techniques for Monitoring Corrosion and Related Parameters in Field Applications

TG 390 [62](11, 31)


Room 127 A


Corrosion Monitoring and Measurement—Science and Engineering Applications

STG 62


Room 127 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail


Room 124 A-B

ISO Meetings Time

Name


MR0175/ISO 15156 Maintenance Agency

Description


ISO TC 156 TAG - U.S. TAG to ISO TC 156 Corrosion of Metals and Alloys ISO TC 156 TAG Time

Name


ISO TAG TC 156

Description

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

ISO TC 156 TAG


Room 126 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

ISO TC 35 TAG


Room 126 A

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail

MR0175 MP


Room 124 A-B

U.S. TAG to ISO_TC 35 Paints and Varnishes ISO TC 35 TAG Time

Name


ISO TAG TC 35

Description

NACE MR0175/ ISO 15156 Maintenance Panel MR0175 MP Time

Name


MR0175/ISO 15156 Maintenance Panel

Symposia Meetings

Description


Time

Name

Description


CATHODIC PREVENTION- Margareth Dugarte, Alberto Sagues PROTECTION OF STEEL IN CRACKED CONCRETE Reinforcement steel in concrete corrodes severely in marine service when chloride ion concentration exceeds a critical threshold level (CT). Cathodic prevention (CPrev) has been proposed as a supplemental corrosion management approach to extend service life of structures under this severe environment. This work seeks to determine the performance of CPrev and cathodic protection (CP) systems applied to cracked concrete in a simulated marine environment. Experiments use reinforced concrete blocks with controlled-width cracks placed along the length of a central reinforcing steel bar, with initial cyclic exposure to a 5% NaCl solution. Crack widths ranging from 0.25 mm to 1 mm and polarization levels ranging from -330 mV to -540 mV (SCE) were evaluated for cathodic prevention over a 3.5 year exposure period. When activation occurred, specimens were tentatively switched to -430 mV or -540 mV polarization to determine if that could repassivate the steel

Committee(s)

Location Phoenix Convention Center

Location Detail



THE OECD/NEA CONTRIBUTION TO NUCLEAR MATERIALS PERFORMANCE KNOWLEDGE PRESERVATION

Bengt Lydell, Olli Nevander Structural integrity of piping systems is important for plant safety and operability. In recognition of this, information on degradation and failure of piping components and systems is collected and evaluated by regulatory agencies, international organizations (e.g., OECD/NEA, IAEA) and industry organizations worldwide. This information is often used to provide systematic feedback to reactor regulation and research and development programs associated with non-destructive examination (NDE) technology, in-service inspection (ISI) programs, leakbefore-break evaluations, riskinformed ISI, and probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) applications involving passive component reliability. Several OECD Member Countries have agreed to establish the OECD/NEA "Component Operational Experience, Degradation & Ageing Program" (CODAP) to encourage multilateral co-operation in the collection and analysis of data relating to degradation and failure of metallic pipi




Advancements in Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment using an Integrated Approach

Chukwuma Onuoha, Shamus McDonnell, Eric Pozniak, Vignesh Shankar, Lloyd Oscar de Guzman Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment (SCCDA), specified in NACE SP0204-2008, was developed to improve pipeline safety and reduce the threat of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) on onshore petroleum pipeline systems. The SCCDA program can be utilized as a primary technique for difficult to pig pipelines and as a supplement technique for inline inspection (ILI) for piggable pipelines. SCCDA is a continuous improvement process that identifies and addresses locations where SCC has occurred, is occurring, or might occur. SCCDA, ILI, and Hydrostatic Testing (HT) are primary inspection tools, acknowledged globally as approved pipeline integrity inspection techniques for the assessment of SCC. These techniques have advantages and disadvantages, and each reflect a different, unique aspect of the overall integrity of pipelines. Therefore, an integrated approach, that would combine ILI and SCCDA i




Field Examination of AC Accelerated Corrosion Features in Monitored Locations

Shane Finneran, Dave Norfleet, Lyle Buckingham An on-site field investigation and laboratory analysis was performed reviewing six (6) external metal loss calls in proximity to an AC coupon test station monitoring location. The objective of the inspection and analysis was to identify the likely mechanism(s) contributing to the external metal loss features, and asses the susceptibility to further corrosion in the adjacent locations. Analysis of the six metal loss features identified evidence to indicate that AC corrosion contributed to the metal loss. Additionally, data collected at the excavation site indicated AC current density values at the individual features was significantly greater than reported by the coupon test station approximately 100 feet away. This report presents the factual data, as identified from the field and laboratory evaluations for six AC corrosion features, and identifies the possible associated with coupon test station monitoring.




NACE MR0175/ISO 15156: Update on current document and where are we going?

Robert Badrak NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 has now been out in its entirety since December 2003. What have we learned from the use of this standard over the last almost 15 years? What have been some of our biggest problems that we have had to face? What are our biggest achievements? What are the recent changes to our standard and remains to be done? These questions are answered in this paper. This standard is now undergoing a critical review to determine how it should change to meet the future needs of the Oil & Gas Industry better. Where are we headed with NACE MR0175/ISO 15156? The results of our collective initial efforts are presented with a target workscope and proposed structure.




A new crevice assembly adapted for tube geometries to test crevice corrosion in seawater

Dominique Thierry Crevice corrosion resistance is one of the main criteria for the selection of a given stainless steel grade for seawater applications. Crevice corrosion resistance can be evaluated using different techniques that are described in standards and in the literature. However, the proposed assemblies are often restricted to plate geometry specimens. Some crevice assemblies for tube geometry have been proposed and used during the last ten years, but they many showed dispersion of results due to the difficulty to control crevice geometries on curved surfaces. From this background an optimized crevice assembly was proposed to allow a better control on the reproducibility of crevice corrosion tests on stainless steel tubes. Finite element modelling and laboratory testing have shown that the new proposed design provides a better control of gasket pressure and consequently a better reproducibility than previous existing assembly. The proposed assembly can be adapted and used




Electrochemical Noise Guidance for Improving Measurements and Data Analysis

Francois Huet - From the results of the three Round-Robin tests on electrochemical noise (EN) measurements with dummy cells performed between 2014 and 2017 by the European Cooperative Group on Corrosion Monitoring of Nuclear Materials (ECG-COMON, www.ecg-comon.org), it can be concluded that only very few commercial potentiostats are able to perform valid noise measurements. A training course lasting two days was created and held several times in our laboratory in Paris, France, to provide the minimum knowledge for EN measurements, including the necessary validation of the measured signals by calculation of the power spectral densities of the signals at different sampling frequencies. Two practical works are performed with a Gamry Ref600 potentiostat with ESA410 software. The first one is devoted to the measurement of the thermal noise of three resistors of equal value connected in a ‘star’ arrangement and used in the conventional three electrode EN measurement setup using a zero-resist




Electrochemical sensor for monitoring microbiologically influenced corrosion

Xin Pang - Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is considered one of the major causes of oil and gas pipeline failures, costing billions of dollars annually. Despite the increasing research attention attracted to this area, in-situ detection and monitoring of MIC in real time has presented difficulties, due to the complexity of the corrosion processes resulted, directly or indirectly, from the ever evolving metabolic activities of microorganisms. In this paper, an amperometric electrochemical biosensor based on conducting polymer and carbon nanotubes has been developed for highly sensitive detection and monitoring of hydrogen sulfide that can be generated by sulfate reducing bacteria, the main culprits of MIC. Carbon nanotubes and a permeable polymer membrane have been incorporated into the sensor design for improvement of sensitivity and selectivity, respectively. The sensor developed paved the way for further development of online sensors for monitoring MIC.




CP Inspection of Jacket Based Harald Osvoll, Gro Lauvstad, Terje on High Sensitive Field %ODNVHW0DUHQ%M¡UQVWDG6WLDQ Gradient Sensors 6WU¡PVWDG,QVSHFWLRQDQG monitoring of offshore structures and pipelines protected by CP are important factors in maintaining the integrity. As the offshore structures and pipelines get older, sacrificial anodes become depleted and coating gets damaged or deteriorates, methods for quantifying the various parameters affecting the protection become increasingly important. The cathodic protection systems on these structures do naturally have a limited life and if under-protection and in worst case free corrosion occurs, this will have a major impact on remaining life. In order to find the status and secure these structures it is necessary to perform evaluations of the CP systems to check for possible life extension capacity and in worst case a CP retrofit solutions is necessary. This paper describes the capability of a new tool, the Field Gradient Sensor (FiGS), for CP inspection. The new tool, has been developed to mea




Study on Ferrite Measurement Nozomi Satake, Mikihiro Methods for Duplex Stainless SAKATA, Tomoaki Kiso, Toshiaki Steel Welds Okabe - When duplex stainless steel is applied to welded components, ferrite measurements are often required during welding procedure qualification. As an inherent nature of this material, balance between ferrite and austenite in heat affected zone (HAZ) of the welds changes from that in the base metal and high ferrite content tends to be observed in HAZ. So it is important to evaluate exact ferrite content in HAZ. Ferrite measurements are often carried out by manual point counting in accordance with ASTM E562. Authors have experienced difficulties in evaluating ferrite content using this method as the measured ferrite content varies with various factors such as measurement locations and personnel who conduct the measurement. In this study, the effects of the parameters described in ASTM E562 on the measured ferrite contents were evaluated which included numbers of fields and grids and how fields are placed on the microstructure.




Control of Corrosion Inhibitor Sonja Richter, Ross Goff, Jay Fouling in Highly Sour System Locklear, Thomas Baugh, Mohsen Achour, Probjot Singh - Black tarlike fouling material was driving shut-downs and increasing corrosion in the inlet area of a gas plant that processes lean gas with high acid gas content (68%CH4, 20%CO2 and 12%H2S). Analytical work showed that the nitrogen containing corrosion inhibitor (CI) polymerized with sulfur compounds (polysulfides, elemental sulfur and/or H2S) in a type of a vulcanization process resulting in a hard-to-clean insoluble fouling product. Corrosion testing confirmed the role of the CI in creating this fouling. A customized autoclave testing was designed to include powdered elemental sulfur circulating in the bulk fluid to simulate the process steam where solid elemental sulfur comes out of solution and fouling was created. The tests reproduced the tar-like substance in the presence of the incumbent corrosion inhibitor. The data showed that a surfactant (wetting agent) used to keep elemental sulfur from d




AC Induced Corrosion of Low Armand van Deursen, Bart Voltage Power Cables with Kruizinga, Peter Wouters, Fred Aluminum Conductors Steennis Aluminum is a popular choice as conductor material for low voltage (LV) underground power cables. When conductors of LV cables become exposed due to damage, this does not necessarily lead to a short circuit current and resulting switching action. Usually, aluminum is passivated upon contact with oxygen with a layer of aluminum oxide. If damaged LV cables are exposed to moisture or even submerged, e.g. due to high levels of precipitation, a leakage current can flow from the cable conductor to the environment. The protective layer on the aluminum surface appears no longer to be effective and corrosion occurs unhindered. An experimental setup was realized to study corrosion of aluminum under the influence of an alternating current when submerged in water. A second setup was developed to study corrosion in damaged cables with polymer insulation where (conductive) water was periodically administered to the damage in the c




Effect of different parameters on the inhibition efficacy of decanethiol

Zineb Belarbi, Fernando Farelas, David Young, Marc Singer The overall objective of the present research is to investigate the effect of different parameters on the inhibition efficacy of decanethiol. The effect of water condensation rates, monoethylene glycol (MEG), H2S and hydrocarbon on inhibitor efficacy was evaluated. It was found that the presence of MEG, variation of gas temperatures and water condensation rates did not affect the inhibition efficacy of decanethiol. Decanethiol was able to reduce localized corrosion of carbon steel and change the morphology of corrosion products on samples exposed to 30 ppm H2S. Persistency experiments were also performed to evaluate the residence time for inhibitors adsorbed on carbon steel, a relatively low residence time was measured. The obtained results show that decanethiol lost its inhibition efficacy in the presence of heptane. This was due to the low solubility in water. In the non-polar solvent (heptane), there was no adsorption of




Analysis of Corrosion Damage on Samples Exposed to Accelerated and Outdoor Corrosion Environments

James Dante, Erica Macha, Jessica Coogan, Marta Zuflacht Accelerated corrosion tests are widely used in the industry and Department of Defense to determine the environmental performance of materials coatings. While some cyclic tests show good correlations between performance in the laboratory and operational environments, they are only valid for very specific sets of performance metrics and generalizations often cannot be made. Significant work has been performed to investigate in detail the relationship between environmental variables and corrosion failure modes of various material systems. Relative humidity was found to be the single most relevant factor in governing atmospheric corrosion. This paper focuses on the quantitative analysis of the corrosion morphology after accelerated testing and outdoor exposures of lapjoint test panels coupled with various fastener materials. Image analysis of 3-D microscope images was used to quantify average depth of attack and percent surface are




Properties of Brines formed by Charles Bryan Deliquescence of Sea-Salt In the United States, spent nuclear Aerosols fuel from nuclear power reactors is placed within dry storage systems for long term interim storage. The dry storage systems consist of welded 304 or 316 stainless steel canisters stored within a passively ventilated concrete or steel/concrete overpack. Many Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installations are located in coastal regions, and sea-salt aerosols will be deposited on the canister surface from air flowing through the overpacks. Such particles have been recovered from the surface of in-service SNF storage canisters. As the canisters cool, these aerosols will deliquesce, forming brine films that could potentially lead to chlorideinduced stress corrosion cracking. Here, we present the properties of brines that form by deliquescence of sea-salt particles, based on both thermodynamic modeling and experimental measurements. The thermodynamic speciation and solubility code EQ3/6 was used to calculate brine compositions




Sour TLC

Gaute Svenningsen, Jon Kvarekval Recent research has shown that sour TLC is different from sweet TLC. The surface temperature is the most important factor for sour TLC while condensaton is less important. Failures due to sour TLC is not very common, but some cases have been documented the last decades. In this work, sour TLC was systematically studied in autoclaves with a special holder that exposed one side of the the TLC coupon while the back side was exposed to cooling liquid. The coupon surface temperature could be controlled by adjusting the temperature of the cooling liquid. The effect on TLC of various parameters like bulk temperature, condensation rate, organic acids, MEG and methanol was studied. Methanol was clearly the most important factor affecting TLC corrosion. Althoug the mass loss corrosion rates increased somewhat with methanol, the major effect was that it resulted in significant localised corrosion compared to all other conditions that were tested. This is impo




Development of a new practical model for H2S Corrosion Prediction

Johannes Sonke, Yougui Zheng Oil and gas production fluids normally contain CO2 gas and often HS. These gasses dissolve in water, lower the pH and potentially result in severe degradation of carbon steel. When sufficient H2S is present in the produced fluids it dominates the corrosion behaviour and the conditions are defined as sour. Sour corrosion is dominated by scale formation and high local corrosion rates due to scale disruption. Sour conditions may also introduce cracking of materials, which is not part of the scope of this paper. Our engineering philosophy is to manage corrosion and design without a risk of cracking. Most practical sour corrosion models (including our previous inhouse sour corrosion model) used for corrosion engineering are developed based on CO2 corrosion fundamentals. The current models are often conservative for sour corrosion, but sometimes also under-predicting the corrosion rates.To come up with an improved sour corrosion model, a new model was d




MEANINGFUL TESTS FOR Glenn Byrne THE QUALITY OF DUPLEX The strong detrimental influence on STAINLESS STEELS both toughness and corrosion resistance of intermetallic particles in the microstructure of duplex stainless steels is well known. For many years, toughness and corrosion testing along with microstructural examination of samples has been used as a collective to determine either “freedom” from or “acceptable” levels of deleterious phases in the microstructure of these steels. Requirements for a) Minimum impact energy at some test temperature, b) No visible evidence of pitting and a weight loss of less than some specified level due to corrosion in ferric chloride solution at some specified test temperature and c) Either “freedom” from or very low levels of intermetallic particles when examined are widely accepted. However, users of duplex alloys continue to report problems. This paper considers how meaningful these acceptance levels really are and how they correlate with each other. Details of test method are also discussed, par




“Impressed Current Anode system for Jetty Piling protection-Case Study”

Shailesh Javia “Impressed Current Anode system for Jetty Piling protection-Case Study” ABSTRACT Ever since Sir Humphry Davy first applied cathodic protection to protect the British Navy’s ships of war from corrosion, the benefits of cathodic protection in marine applications have been adopted in a wide range of applications. One of the areas where cathodic protection of marine structures is commonly applied is to protect steel piling systems on jetties and piers. This paper discusses the various anode systems used for jetty piles in marine applications. Every CP design effort begins with a basic decision of whether to use galvanic anodes that operate on the natural potential difference between the anode and the structure or impressed current anodes with an external power supply. Impressed Current, Mixed Metal Oxide Sea-Bottom Anode is a complete, ready to install marine anode sled including the anode cable and protective housing. This paper discusses the design, materials and




Mechanistic study of microbiologically influenced corrosion

Tingyue Gu, Wenwen Dou, RU JIA, Jialin Liu Understanding the mechanisms of corrosion helps the forensic analysis of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) cases and MIC mitigation. Most cases of anaerobic corrosion of metals by microbial biofilms involve two distinct mechanisms. One involves the electron transfer of extracellular electrons and the other relies on secreted metabolites as terminal electron acceptors. In this mechanistic study, two different metals were used to illustrate that the same microbe used two different mechanisms for MIC. It was also demonstrated that the two mechanisms had different bottlenecks in MIC pitting and weight loss.




Using Electrochemical Noise to Elucidate the Mechanisms involved in Localized Corrosion – A Review

Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper Using Electrochemical Noise to Elucidate the Mechanisms involved in Localized Corrosion – A Review Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper Center for Materials Research, Baker Hughes, Celle, Germany 6LQFH,YHUVRQVVHPLQDOSXEOLFDWLRQ “Transient Voltage Changes Produced in Corroding Metals and Alloys” in 1978, Electrochemical noise has been successfully used to study localized corrosion on passive materials. This paper compiles the work done in several research groups around the globe using electrochemical noise to elucidate the mechanisms of passive layer breakdown, metastable pitting and stable pit growth, which occur in several electrochemical systems. The benefits and challenges by using electrochemical noise for studying localized corrosion are discussed in the context of the milestones accomplished in the last 50 years. Keywords: Electrochemical noise, Stainless steel, Aluminium alloys, Localized corrosion




Assessment of Long-term Durability of TDG Coated Steel Components in Marine Bridge Environment

Md Ahsan Sabbir, Saiada Fuadi Fancy, Kingsley Lau, Dale Deford Coating systems for corrosion mitigation of structural steel in marine bridge applications have been widely used. Novel materials continue to become available but durability, cost, and environmental issues remain important for the selection of those novel materials. Thus, Thermal Diffusion Galvanizing (TDG) was investigated considering its early promising performance. The presented work considered different test parameters such as local coating defects, environmental conditions, and chloride contamination with different topcoat application. The samples were exposed in accelerated salt-fog and aggressive immersion solution to predict the long-term durability. Physical parameters such as coating thickness and adhesion were assessed to elucidate corrosion deterioration mechanisms. Open circuit potential measurement (OCP), Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) technique and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) testin




Sour testing of corrosion resistant alloys: Comparison of four-point bend and uniaxial tensile test

Gareth Hinds, James Hesketh, Alan Turnbull Materials qualification of corrosion resistant alloys for sour service in oil and gas applications typically includes laboratory stress corrosion cracking test programmes with a simple pass/fail criterion associated with the observation of cracks. By varying the test conditions, it is possible to construct domain diagrams that indicate the safe envelope of operating conditions for each alloy. Ideally this process would be independent of the test method used. However, recent work has suggested that tests on 316L stainless steel carried out under a constant uniaxial tensile load [1] can lead to failure under conditions in which the alloy had passed a four-point bend constant displacement test [2]. However, the comparison with previous work was not ideal due to differences in material composition, microstructure, surface finish and the timing of the application of the load. In order to resolve this apparent discrepancy, a systematic comparis




A Critical Review of Ernesto Santana-Diaz, Lars Nielsen, Parameters for Meaningful AC Andreas Junker-Holst Corrosion Modelling A range of parameters must be considered carefully when modelling AC corrosion. Prediction of induced AC voltage profiles along pipelines due to shared rightof-way with high-voltage power lines has been practiced for decades as has modeling of the cathodic protection level of a pipeline resulting from types, position, and current output from CP sources, pipeline dimensions, coating conditions, soil conditions, isolation, etc. Computer aided prediction of corrosion rates caused by induced AC as a function of AC and DC current densities, coating fault configuration, soil resistivity etc. has been attempted only in recent years. The complexity of the AC corrosion process calls for careful and critical evaluation of the computed results, and their practical applicability. The present paper presents and discusses results the various elements contained in an electrical equivalent circuit describing the AC corrosion process from a




Big Data Analysis using Bayesian Network Modeling: A Case Study with WG-ICDA of a Gas Storage Field

Kyle Hilgefort - With the increased use of automated sensor arrays, continuous online monitoring, and more-accessible data interfaces, lack of data is becoming a problem of the past. However, a new challenge is emerging: How to effectively utilize the large quantities of data, especially when complex systems or processes are involved. Internal corrosion in a natural gas storage pool is one such case, with internal corrosion susceptibility depending on interactions among a variety of fluid composition, flow, and material parameters. Bayesian network (BN) modeling was explored as a solution to this challenge due to its ability to analyze complex cause-effect relationships in large data sets while considering the variability and uncertainty in the data. The BN modeling was employed within the context of a wet gas internal corrosion direct assessment (WG-ICDA) indirect inspection step, and served as the primary tool for assessing a natural gas storage system containing over 20 miles of pi




Carburization Behavior of Steels in High Temperature Liquid Sodium: Phenomenology and Kinetics

Marie Romedenne, Fabien 5RXLOODUG'LGLHU+DPRQ%HQRvW Malard, Denis Menut, Nicolas Ratel-Ramont, Daniel Monceau France has decided to develop a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) prototype named ASTRID. Regarding the core elements, one goal is to optimize control rod lifetime in the reactor. The control rods, used to control the nuclear reactor power, are made of B4C pellets stacked in stainless steel cladding tubes. According to feedbacks from former French reactors, the control rod lifetime is limited by the carburization kinetics of the metallic cladding [1]. It is proposed that B4C releases carbon into sodium which then reacts, diffuses and forms carbides through the stainless steel cladding thickness. As lifetime models proposed in the past are considered to be too much conservative, new carburization experiments in sodium have been carried out to obtain better description of the carburization phenomenology and kinetics. Two austenitic steels (AIM1 and 316L : 15-17 %Cr) and o




Cathodic Protection of Building Foundation Piles

Mohammed Ali, Jared Whalen A case study of cathodic protection of building foundation piles for several buildings installled on top of a landfill in the San Francsico Bay Area Ground settlement, methane discharge from the landfill, chlorine generation from the anodes, a high density of bare steel piles, requiring several hundred amperes of cathodic protection current, and City's requirements of a shallow clay cap for methane blockage, five feet below grade, were some of the technical challenges that were faced during the design stage. To resolve some of these issues, a scale model of the piles with cathodic protection system was constructed and operated for several months. Ceramic anodes with no vents were utilized so as not to allow methane discharge, etc.




Chloride-induced corrosion inhibition by binary mixtures in reinforced concrete structures

Marco Ormellese, Andrea Brenna, Fabio Bolzoni, Mariapia Pedeferri Corrosion inhibitors are used to prevent or delay corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. Available commercial products are based on sodium nitrite or organic mixtures based on amines, alkanolamines, fatty acids and carboxylic substances. During the last 15 years, an intense experimental research has been carried out focused at identifying new organic substances or binary mixtures that might have inhibiting effectiveness on chloride-induced corrosion. The paper describes results of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic electrochemical tests carried out in alkaline solution, in the presence of chlorides, on binary mixtures with nitrite, DMEA and benzoate. Some of the mixtures exhibited a marked synergistic effect in the potentiodynamic polarisation tests, with a clear increase in pitting potential. In potentiostatic polarisation tests the effect on the critical chloride concentration was limited.




Sour Service Fitness for Purpose Testing of Linepipe using Full Ring, 4-pt BB and Large DCBs

Julio Maldonado, john macdonald, Philip Dent, webster charlie Fitness for purpose testing has been undertaken in a mildly sour environment on thick walled (47.2mm) TMCP linepipe using full ring tests, full thickness 4-point bend (4PB) specimens, and large scale DCB specimens. The full ring test method and full thickness 4PB specimens were selected to retain the original surface condition of the linepipe, since an intermittent shallow ‘harder microstructure had been identified on the ID surface and was thought to have arisen through the TMCP plate rolling process. The KISSC of the material was determined using ‘modified’ NACE TM0177 – Method D DCB specimens with an increased width and length in order to prevent arm bending, which was a concern due to the relatively low strength of the GR450 steel and comparative tests were also conducted using standard size specimens. In addition the test duration for the DCB specimens was increased to 21-days to take into account the mildly sour env




Effects of Pre-Oxidiation and Kevin Chan, Rebecca Ambrecht, Carburization on Corrosion in Preet Singh - Molten fluoride salt Molten Fluoride Salts coolants are used in several advanced nuclear reactor concepts. Corrosion of structural alloys in molten fluorides is distinguished from other instances of high temperature corrosion by the lack of protection by oxide scales. Protective oxide scales do not form on surfaces exposed to molten fluoride due to the solubility of oxides and low oxygen activity. However, pre-oxidation of alloys can be done to create a continuous high quality oxide scale before exposure to the molten fluoride environment. Pre-oxidation has been shown to improve hot corrosion resistance of some alloys. Carbides are known to be resistant to attack by molten fluorides and could potentially be used to form a diffusion barrier on alloy surfaces. Selected nickel based alloys, austenitic stainless steels, and pure metals were pre-oxidized in air or steam atmosphere to form surface oxide film. Surface carbides were formed by carburization treatment in a




AC Corrosion Control: When Dale Lindemuth, Dan Crabtree Too Much Cathodic Protection Industry guidance such as European Might Just Be a Bad Thing! Standard EN-15280 and applied research by Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) highlight the interaction cathodic direct currents can have on pipeline corrosion influenced by alternating currents. Often, excessive levels of cathodic protection (or cathodic interference) can exacerbate AC-influenced corrosion. Conversely, effective management of cathodic protection in conjunction with monitoring the AC and DC effects on a pipeline can be a valued component of an optimized AC corrosion control strategy. This paper presents case histories where throttling down the cathodic protection was evaluated to determine the impact on reducing the AC corrosion threat. The investigations include the use of fast-response electrical resistance (ER) corrosion rate probe monitoring technology. The case histories cover pipelines with and without traditional AC mitigation measures such as parallel mitigation conductors and poi




Failure Analysis for a Piggable Abdul Razzaq Al-Shamari, Ashish Pipeline Through ICDA Khera, Patrick Teevens, Amer Methodology Jaragh, Shabbir Safri, ABDUL SALAM AHMED Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) is responsible for exploration, production and exporting crude oil in the State of Kuwait. As part of the Company’s expansion to increase the production, several new pipelines have been constructed. At the export tank farm storage area, four new filling pipelines were commissioned in 2009 as these pipelines are strategically important for sustaining crude oil export. In November, 2014, a leak was reported in a 34” (863 mm) diameter pipelines due to internal corrosion and subsequently three more leaks occurred. At the same period, another 34” (863 mm) diameter pipelines leaked. Since the pipelines leaked after a short span of 5 years in operation, which was considered a serious threat, both pipelines were inspected by using ultrasonic ILI tool when severe internal corrosion was detected. This necessitated further investigations to determine the root cause o




Cathodic Corrosion Protection Frank Prenger - Thermal spraying with thermally sprayed zinc for of zinc and zinc alloys is a wellsteel in maritime conditions established process which is used for long-time corrosion protection of steel structures in maritime surrounding conditions and for OffShore structures since decades. The paper summarizes the actual arguments to use long-time cathodic corrosion protection with thermally sprayed zinc and zinc based alloys in different types of surrounding conditions based on detailed laboratory tests, results of long time field tests as well as the monitoring of metalized steel structures in different countries. The presentation represents best technical and economic performance and a lifetime up to 30 years for thermal spraying with zinc-aluminum 15 for buildings in marine conditions. In addition it reports about modern process technology, which allows the application of thermal spraying with zinc in factory and at site for new steel structures and for repair work with high quality and near tolerances.




Electrochemical Methods for Assessing the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Metallic Materials

Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper, Andreas Heyn, Sebastian Jesse Passive materials, also known in oilfield technology as corrosion resistant alloys, are widely used as structural materials in many upstream applications due to their remarkable uniform corrosion resistance and their diversified range of mechanical properties. Upstream applications involve a very diverse range of environments, for instance, high chloride bearing streams at elevated temperatures, which challenge the pitting corrosion resistance of these materials. Under certain conditions, their passivity is compromised leading to pit nucleation, and in the worst case, to pit propagation. Therefore, the pitting corrosion resistance becomes not only a reject criterion for materials selection during design stages but also, later on, a significant limiting factor to the service life of engineering parts made of these materials. Typically, electrochemical parameters such as pitting and repassivation potentials have been determined




MIC Considerations for Catholically Protected Encased Ductile Iron Pipelines : A Case Study

Jeffry Giddings, Mersedeh Akhoondan, Graham Bell MIC Considerations for Catholically Protected Encased Ductile Iron Pipelines : A Case Study There is a wide range of opinions about the proper method of corrosion control, including the need for cathodic protection, tight bonded coating and polyethylene encasement for ductile iron pipe. While polyethylene encasements are commonly used for protection of ductile iron pipe, there is a concern about microbiological influenced (MIC) corrosion mechanism beneath loose-bonded polyethylene in certain environment. This paper presents a case study where MIC was recognized as primary cause of failure for an encased ductile iron water pipeline. The cathodically protected pipe was located within the proximity a creek crossing and had suffered from multiple failures. An investigation initiated to determine the root cause of failures and make recommendations to mitigate future problems. The field inspection included cathodic protection surveys




BARE FIELD JOINT FOR Gwenaelle Benoit, Morgan SUSBEA PIPELINES, A Gouriou, Denis Melot, Nicolas POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE ? /DUFKp-HDQ9LWWRQDWR In the present context of oil price down turn and enhanced competitiveness, cost saving becomes more important than ever. As part of cost reduction solutions in offshore projects, it may be envisaged to leave field joints bare on subsea pipelines instead of applying a field anticorrosion coating after welding of the joints on board the laying vessels. This approach would lead to drastic reduction of cycle time and consequently laying rate improvement during offshore installation campaigns when field joint coating activities are on the critical path, like with pipeline Jlaying method. Although cathodic protection is an efficient, reliable and field proven method for seawater corrosion prevention on steel exposed areas on subsea coated pipelines, a quantitative assessment of the long term behaviour of the pipeline coating at the transition zone with the bare field joint is recommended in order to support




Effects of nitride precipitation Marco De Marco in duplex stainless steel Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) are characterized by a dual-phase ferritic-austenitic microstructure and exhibit high corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties. However, precipitation of different types of intermetallic phases may occur during fabrication processes such as welding, hot working and heat treatments; this can influence toughness and corrosion resistance. With regard to this, some material standards/specifications (NACE, NORSOK, Company standards) introduced certain requirements for the intermetallic content (e.g. sigma phase, chromium nitrides) in the DSS microstructure. However, these limits can deviate from the accuracy/capability of the most common counting methods (e.g. Light Optical Microscope-LOM) point-counting, scanning electron microscope (SEM)-counting, image analysis using dedicated software), especially for very fine and interspersed phases such as nitrides. The aim of this paper is to find a correlation between nitride c




Corrosion and SSC Resistant Cladding Material for H2S/CO2 Oil and Gas Containing Environment

Ehsan Fallahmohammadi, pietro anelli, Rodolfo Sica, Flavio Casiraghi - For the first phase of the Project solution has been developed to overcome sulfide stress corrosion problems in high strength steel armors in H2S/CO2 containing environment. The solution consists of protecting high strength steel armor elements with an aluminum cladding produced by method of Conform. This cladding has been shown to be fully H2S tolerant and capable to maintain bare steel in condition of electrochemical immunity (cathodic protection). The present paper summarizes the theoretical framework and the test programs worked out to validate the aluminum cladding solution. Results of the First Phase of the Project: The test coupons made of metallic armor material for each category were also exposed individually to corrosive environment for corrosion rate test. H2S has been proven to be not reactive with the aluminum coating in water environment up to 1 bar partial pressure. Aluminum clad high strength




Evaluation of Top-of-Line Corrosion Model for Multiphase Oil and Gas Environments

Hui Li, Kwei Meng Yap, Sridhar Srinivasan A comprehensive corrosion prediction model for multiphase oil and gas production and transmission systems was enhanced by incorporating a Top-of-Line corrosion capabilities. Key issues in development of the enhancements are discussed, including evaluation of an improved flow model implemented to facilitate accurate flow predictions. The model was evaluated with parameters commonly encountered in oil and gas production environments as well as transmission systems, and effects of various parameters on corrosion rates are described. Corrosion rates obtained from the enhanced model are compared with actual field and lab testing data as a basis to quantify accuracy and efficacy of the model.




Minimizing HVAC Interference on Pipelines Through Transmission Line Design Optimization

David Kemp, Shane Finneran, Barry Krebs AC interference on pipelines in the nearby vicinity of HVAC transmission lines has become increasingly prevalent in industry as shared utility corridors have become more widespread. These AC interference levels, if severe enough, can present a shock hazard to anyone who may come into contact with exposed portions of the pipeline. Additionally, the integrity of the pipeline can be compromised as a result of accelerated AC corrosion and/or damage from a fault incident from nearby transmission line structures. AC interference levels can be predicted using a number of different methods including various field measurements as well as detailed computer models. The accuracy of these computer models, however is highly dependent upon the reliability of the model input data, specifically the operating characteristics of the transmission line(s). Historically there has been limited cooperation between pipeline and power utilities with respect to AC int




Atmospheric Corrosion Measurements to Improve Understanding of Galvanic Corrosion of Aircraft

Fritz Friedersdorf, Robert Adey, Thomas Curtin, Matthew Merrill, Mark Kim, Patrick Kramer Atmospheric corrosion represents an annual multi-billion dollar cost burden for the aerospace and defense sectors. For many aircraft, particularly those operating in marine environments, up to ninety percent of corrosion is due to galvanic interactions at dissimilar metal couples. As new materials are introduced with the acquisition of more advanced aircraft, galvanic corrosion is likely to remain a concern. The ability to model galvanic corrosion accurately holds the promise of being able to both predict the performance of new material combinations to guide material selection and predict corrosion damage for maintenance planning. Such models often utilize data collected under immersion test conditions that are not representative of the thin-film electrolytes that are relevant to atmospheric corrosion and may diminish model accuracy and utility. In this work, an atmospheric cell is presen




Frequency dependence in AC Harmonic Interference to Pipelines

Larisa Trichtchenko Studies of AC interference on pipelines from nearby power lines usually consider the fundamental (50Hz or 60Hz) frequency of the power line currents. However, these currents can also contain considerable harmonics of the fundamental AC frequency. Measurements on pipelines in Canada and Sweden have shown that these harmonics can produce significant interference in the pipe-to-soil potentials. The electromagnetic fields experienced by the pipeline are dependent on three types of parameters. The first is associated with the phase relations of the power line harmonics, classified as ‘positive sequence’, ‘negative sequence’, and ‘zero sequence’. The second is related to the conductivity of the host media (ground) that affects the electromagnetic field experienced by a pipeline. The third is pipeline inductance and capacitance to ground, which introduces additional frequency dependence. This paper examines the frequency dependence of the phase relation of the powe



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Localized corrosion of alloys UNS N06690 and N06600 in steam generator lay-up conditions

Martin Rodriguez, Hector Maristany, Mariano Kappes, Ricardo Carranza - Alloys UNS N06600, N08800 and N06690 have been used for nuclear power plant steam generator tubing. Alloy N06600 was one of the earlier choices for this application, though it has been replaced by alloys N06690 and N08800 due to its high susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in primary water, especially in the mill annealed or solubilized conditions. Heattransfer crevices form in the secondary cooling circuit between steam generator tubes and tube supports, or between tubes and tubesheet plates and also below sludge piles on the tubesheet. Non-volatile impurities, such as chlorides, can hide out and concentrate in heattransfer crevices. These crevices are points of initiation for SCC. When nuclear power plants of the PWR or CANDU type are shut down for scheduled maintenance, the steam generators are preserved usually in the wet layup condition. In such conditions, heat-transfer crevices become c



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Improvements in the Use of Indirect Inspection Tools and Data Interpretation

Sorin Segall, Daniel Fingas, Robert Gummow, Cory Bradshaw This paper covers various methods for dealing with sources of errors affecting the accuracy of the Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG) coating defect identification and sizing tool. Topics reviewed in detail include: eliminating the influence of local soil resistivity and varying pipe depth on the calculation of the %IR severity ranking index, dealing with gradients produced by nearby groundbeds and using the DCVG in conjunction with an AC Current Attenuation (ACCA) survey. The development of well-defined written guidelines to ensure a consistent approach in data interpretation is also discussed. Keywords: External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA), Close Interval Potential Survey (CIPS), Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG), percentage IR (%IR), AC Current Attenuation (ACCA) survey, soil resistivity, pipe depth, groundbed gradients.



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

The effect of side-groove configuration on NACE TM0177 DCB elastic compliance

Jun Nakamura, Keiichi Kondo, Hisashi Amaya, Mutsumi Tanida The Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test method standardized in ANSI NACE TM0177 is increasingly applied as a quality assurance test to specify the performance of carbon and low alloy steels for sour service. The DCB test method has been modified and specified tightly from the view point of specimen geometry, test environment, and initial stress intensity factor controlled by arm displacement to obtain highly repeatable test results. Previous research the influence of sidegroove root configuration on edge fracture on DCB tests has been revealed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and DCB tests. In this paper, in order to clarify the applicability of compliance curve in TM0177 for DCB specimens with U notched side-groove configuration, FEA and experimental approach was performed. Lift-off load calculated by FEA of various crack lengths with various U notched side-groove configurations were plotted in the compliance curve betwe



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Corrosion Macrocell Development in Dissimilar Repair Concrete Utilizing UHPC for Marine Bridges

Mahsa Farzad, Atorod azizinamini, Kingsley Lau Reinforced concrete marine bridges are susceptible to corrosion. In conventional repairs, delaminated and spalled concrete are removed and the damaged structural element is cast with repair materials. Due to the presence of vestigial low-level chlorides in the remaining concrete, incipient anodes develop and lead to the halo effect. This effect is considered as the main reason of short-lived repair and can substantially increase the maintenance costs as well as the need of a corrosion control system. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been promoted as a durable construction material that can provide a barrier to corrosion due to its low permeability, ideally resulting in a durable repair solution with no need for other corrosion control systems. However, in concrete repair conditions, the incipient anodes may still persist at the periphery of the repair and promote premature corrosion failures there. Other material conditions



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Evaluation of Corrosion and EAC Susceptibilities of Materials Used for Wireline/Slickline Downhole E

Jie He, Lizheng Zhang, Rachel Zhou, Adan Herrera, David Ball Historically, the testing of sour corrosion and environmentalassisted cracking (EAC) in the oil and gas industry has focused on oil country tubular goods (OCTG), with design lives of tens of thousands of hours, while wireline and wireline tools are typically exposed to sour conditions for a few hundred hours per year, at most. The existing corrosion/EAC information related to wireline materials is either overly conservative or inadequate, which significantly reduces the work scope of a great number of engineering materials that could potentially be used in wireline applications. To overcome this difficulty, the H2S application limits of wireline materials need to be realistically defined. In this work, the corrosion and EAC resistance of 15 heats of potential wireline materials, including a coldrolled carbon steel (CS 1095), lowalloy steels, stainless steels, titanium alloys, nickel-based alloys, and copper-based allo



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

EFFECT OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ON PITTING CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF A LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

Dalila Sicupira, Paula Malta, Dagoberto Santos, Daniela Perasoli, 5DSKDHO$VVXPSomR%iUEDUD &RQGp Duplex stainless steels are characterized by a biphasic austenitic-ferritic microstructure, which confer to them good corrosion resistance, toughness and high mechanical strength. Lean duplex grades have been developed to minimize cost fluctuations by reducing expensive elements like Ni and Mo without deteriorating their corrosion and mechanical properties. Industrial processing of duplex stainless steels usually includes two annealing steps: one intermediate after the hot rolling, and the final one after the cold rolling. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of final annealing temperature on pitting corrosion behavior of a lean 2304 alloy. Electrochemical measurements were carried out using potentiodynamic polarization technique. With regard to pitting corrosion resistance, the annealed samples exhibited higher corrosion resistance compared with the corresponding as-receive



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

CATHODIC PROTECTION BY DISTRIBUTED SACRIFICIAL ANODES – ELEVATED TEMPERATURE, MUD, AND MARINE ATMOSP

Roy Johnsen, Mariano Iannuzzi, Lars Aartun, Audun Ryen Sacrificial anodes combined with organic coatings are the main corrosion protection strategy used to prevent corrosion on equipment submerged in seawater. Depending on the lifetime of the subsea system, the complexity of the structure to be protected, and the environmental conditions, the total anode mass can be substantial. The concept of distributed sacrificial protection or cathodic protection (CP) by distributed sacrificial anodes (DSA) was introduced in a previous paper. In short, the main principle of CP by DSA is to convert cathode area to anode area by distributing anode mass on the surface of the equipment to be protected, which leads to a drastic reduction in anode mass requirements. The composition of the DSA coating is identical to that of conventional Al–Zn–In cast anodes. DSA could be applied by a variety of deposition methods, but thermal spray (TS) was considered an enabling technology. Results showed that DSA



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Evaluation of macrofouling 6DPDQEDU3HUPHK%LQ/L0D\UpQ crevice characteristics in MIC (FKHYHUUtD%RDQ.LQJVOH\/DX of steel Berrin Tansel, Matthew Duncan Recent findings in Florida showed severe corrosion of submerged steel bridge piles that appeared to be associated with microbial activity. Localized corrosion cells/pits of up to 3" in diameter and penetrating through the steel thickness were covered with a bright orange plume. Bacteria that have commonly been associated with MIC such as sulfate reducing bacteria, iron-reducing bacteria, slime and acid producing bacteria were identified in the water from the bridge site. Nutrients such as phosphate, nitrate and ammonium, that are typically required for microbial growth and activity, were found in the water. Also, the water samples showed high sulfate and chloride levels. In addition to the presence of possible microorganisms that can cause corrosion, the affected sites also had heavy marine growth. The role of those macrofoulers on the corrosion that developed on the steel piles was not c



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

An adapted EN technique for in situ corrosion monitoring of spent fuel aqueous storage environments

Rob Burrows, William Walters, Alice Laferrere, Jordan Knapp, Ronald Clark, Stacy Moore, Oliver Payton, Loren Picco Development of an adapted electrochemical noise technique for in situ corrosion monitoring of spent nuclear fuel aqueous storage environments Burrows, R 1a, Laferrere, AM 1b, Knapp, J 1, Clark, RN 1, Moore, S 2, Payton, OD 2, Picco, L 2, Walters, WS 1 1. NNL Reactor Chemistry & Materials, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire, GL10 3UT, UK. 2. University of Bristol Interface Analysis Centre, Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK. a. Corresponding author: Unit 102B, Stonehouse Park, Bristol Rd, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire, GL10 3UT, UK. b. Current address: Atkins, The Hub, Bristol, BS32 4RZ, UK. Abstract Application of electrochemical noise (EN) monitoring within an industrial corrosion management system involves several prerequisites. An underpinning of electrochemical characteristics must be gained with respect to relevant corrosion mechanisms, and translated into a schema



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Inductive Interference from HVDC Transmission Lines on Close Proximity Pipeline Segments

Boshra Momen Nejad, Levi Blumhagen, Kevin Sunderman The main purpose of this joint industrial R&D project was to perform detailed field measurements on selected pipeline segments in close vicinity to a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission line, during planned staged fault tests on the power line. Induced voltages on these pipelines were recorded during the HVDC staged fault process, which was conducted by the utility company. The measurement results from these tests were used for further validation or modification of an existing industrial guideline which focuses on the influence of HVDC power lines on metallic pipelines. Verification of future modelling results, was another expected outcome of this study. A pre-field laboratory test was conducted in order to ensure accurate calibration and functionality of equipment prior to the actual staged fault field testing. In order to check the functionality of the digital triggering on the data logging unit and choose an appropr



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor Zineb Belarbi, David Young, Srdjan for Prevention of Black Nesic, Marc Singer, ricardo Powder in Sales Gas Pipelines nogueira Black powder mitigation is a challenge in the gas industry. Many factors govern formation of black powder, including gas composition (particularly the presence of CO2, H2S, and O2 impurities), condensation rate, relative humidity, and the existence of hygroscopic salts on the steel surface. Therefore, in terms of formation of black powder derived from corrosion processes, it is important to study the effect of different parameters including H2S concentration, condensation rates, and the presence of hygroscopic salts on the efficiency of volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs). The main goal of this study was to evaluate model compounds with particular functional groups (amine, thiol) and commercial inhibitors as candidates for black powder mitigation associated with dewing and hygroscopic corrosion. The inhibition efficiencies of these select VCIs were determined in both sweet (CO2) and sour (CO2 & H2S) environme



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Effect of Mechanical Stress and Environmental Conditions on Degradation of Aerospace Coatings that G

Fritz Friedersdorf, Kristen Williams, David Jackson, Patrick Kramer - Title: Effect of Mechanical Stress and Environmental Conditions on Degradation of Aerospace Coatings that Guard Against Atmospheric Corrosion The most effective means to control atmospheric corrosion of aircraft is through the use of protective coatings. In addition to combating corrosion which represents a risk to the safe operation of an asset, there are strong economic and environmental drivers to extend the service life of aerospace coatings. Repair and replacement of exterior coating systems that no longer meet protective requirements generate a significant volume of environmentally hazardous waste, which includes the coating material, media used to for coating removal, as well as the waste materials generated in surface preparation and reapplication the coating system. Development and use of the most durable coatings systems have often been limited by the ability to predict service performance in acceler



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :25a.m.

Research on the Effects of Environmental Parameters on AC Corrosion Behavior

Yanxia Du, Dezhi Tang, Yingwu Xiao - AC corrosion experiments were carried out to study the effects of typical soil environment parameters including ion types and oxygen content on AC corrosion rate and corrosion morphology. In different soil environments, the effects of cathodic protection (CP) parameters on AC corrosion were compared and the effective CP parameters in different soil environments were analyzed. Based on the process parameters monitoring, electrochemical measurements and corrosion products analyses during the process of AC corrosion in different environments, the reason for the difference between AC corrosion rates in different environments and corresponding AC corrosion mechanism were discussed.



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Effect of low-cycle fatigue on corrosion of welded joint in simulated environment of low pressure nu

Shuo Weng, Yuhui Huang, Fuzhen Xuan The effect of low-cycle fatigue behavior inducing microstructure evolution on the corrosion of welded joint in the simulated environment of low pressure nuclear steam turbine was comprehensively investigated. The microstructure evolution was observed through optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Corrosion susceptibility of welded joint was examined by traditional electrochemical measurement and scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) measurement. The traditional electrochemical results showed that weld metal was the most susceptive zone with the lowest corrosion potential and the highest corrosion current density in the welded joint, which was in consistence with the results of SVET. In addition, the corrosion resistance of post-fatigue specimens was higher than that of as-received specimens, which was caused by the lower dislocation density and the formation of subgrain stru



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Internal Corrosion Asset Preservation Methodolgy Case Study

Joseph Pikas - This paper will provide the understanding for the preservation of assets from the effects of internal corrosion. A pre-screening for the mitigation of internal pipeline leaks at upstream and mid-stream pipeline facilities takes in consideration the internal safety aspects because of past leaks, elevation changes where liquids tend to collect in low spots or traps. The primary goal in the screening process of large piping networks is to determine if corrosive environments exist while using a minimal amount of data to mitigate these leak risks to maintain production without reduction. Let’s take a case with a network of approximately 1,000 gas production wells/pipelines in this study. Criteria were developed for mitigation and risk reduction strategies that includes inhibition, cleaning pigs, in-line-inspection (ILI) and repair. In addition, minimal time/information was required to apply the criteria utilizing a pattern recognition methodology conducted by



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Corrosion propagation of rebar embedded in low w/c binary concrete blends exposed to seawater

Francisco Presuel-Moreno, Fujian Tang Corrosion of steel corrosion is one of the main causes of premature deterioration in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. After corrosion of the rebar has propagated it can cause concrete cover cracking, degrade the steel/concrete bond strength, reduce the cross section of steel bars, and consequently reduce the carrying capacity of RC structures. In general, steel corrosion in concrete structures can be divided into two stages: stage I, corrosion initiation; and stage II, corrosion propagation. Compared with stage I, the deterioration rate of RC structure in stage II is much higher and affected by many factors. In this study, the effect of concrete cover thickness, presence or not presence of concrete cracks, and high performance cement admixtures on the corrosion behavior of steel bar in RC specimens are experimentally investigated, particularly in propagation stage. Concrete specimens with addition of fly ash, silica fume were fabricated an



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Elevated Pressure Tests in Single Phase, Aqueous, Solutions, on Low Alloy Steel SSC Resistance

Brian Chambers, Manuel Gonzalez, Sytze Huizinga, French Raymond, Nirmal Tatavalli-Mittadar Sour well design is often limited by susceptibility to H2S-related cracking mechanisms. Recent experimental evidence has demonstrated that in high pressure systems, parameters such as dissolved H2S concentration or H2S activity or related fugacity govern the tendency of carbon steels to resist sulfide stress cracking (SSC). A particular implication of utilizing these parameters is that the fugacity will increase as pressure increases in a liquid-full system as can be illustrated through, for example, Ensemble Henry’s Law. This ‘beyond bubble point’ risk has been identified in recent changes to NACE MR0175 / ISO15156 but has yet to be experimentally validated. This paper summarizes an experimental program that studied the impact of aqueous solutions containing various concentrations of H2S at varying total pressures established by the pressurization of the single aqueous phase. The intent



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

The Role of Al Interstitials on the Passivation of AA2098T851 Based on the Mixed Potential Model

Elmira Ghanbari, Digby Macdonald, Alireza Saatchi In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of the third-generation AlLi alloy 2098 was investigated with a fundamental approach, where experimental results were theoretically analyzed based on the Point Defect Model (PDM). For this purpose, the AA2098-T851 was tested in NaHCO3 solution under a CO2 atmosphere to investigate the kinetics of formation or breakdown of the protective passive film. Experiments were performed at potentials where both metal dissolution and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occur. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed at potentials obtained by stepping the potential in the anodic direction followed by stepping the potential in cathodic direction with the impedance being measured after holding the potential constant after each step for a sufficient time for steady-state to be achieved. The data were interpreted in terms of the Mixed Potential Model (MPM) that describes the passive d



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Microbial Assisted Cracking of Yousif Al Rabie, Khalid AlAdmiralty Brass Tubes from Nabulsi, Faisal Al-Abbas Lube Oil Cooler Cooling systems are prone to many different corrosion deterioration mechanisms, one of which is Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC). Microbes are ubiquitous, they have been implicated in a number of major failures and their control measures have a high economic impact on the oil and gas industry. This work investigates the unexpected failures and leaks observed on a number of cracked admiralty brass tubes that failed after 7 years in operation. Both metallurgical and molecular microbiological methods were deployed to comprehend the root cause of these failures. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis in all examined tubes (Cu-Zn alloy) showed localized pitting associated with cracks. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis carried out on the corrosion products confirmed existence of ammonic compounds (copper nitrate hydroxideCu2(NO)3(OH)3). The Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique used for microbiolog



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Cathodic Protection of Offshore Structures by Extreme Damage Tolerant Sacrificial Coatings

Shiladitya Paul Sacrificial coatings such as thermally sprayed aluminium (TSA) have been used in offshore oil and gas platforms for decades. They provide a barrier layer when intact and cathodic protection when damaged or in the presence of surface-connected porosity. The damage tolerance of these coatings have been known from experience, but the level of damage these coatings can tolerate whilst still providing sacrificial protection to steel is unexplored. To explore the damage tolerance of TSA, coated carbon steel bar with a high degree of damage was exposed to synthetic seawater and the potential was monitored. It was observed that TSA is capable of polarising the steel bar to below -800mV (Ag/AgCl) even when a damage exposing 90% of steel surface is present. However, the potential became less negative with time reaching corrosion potential values (Ecorr) of steel in 30 days. Even after potential reached the Ecorr of steel no rust was seen on the exposed steel surface due to th



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Effect of Oxygen in Back Shielding Gas on Corrosion Resistance of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe

Takanori Mimoto, Fu-Gao Wei, Yoshiyuki Shimizu, Masanori Gokou, OGITA GEN, Masayuki Tanaka, Toshiaki Ashitani, Takayuki Tokumine Super duplex stainless steels are widely applied for equipment and piping in oil and gas industries especially in the environments where stress corrosion cracking due to chloride ions is an issue. Circumferential seams are usually made by single-sided welding with back purging gas to prevent oxidization of root pass weld for piping. The corrosion resistance of the seam has been studied focusing on its relation with the extent of oxidization of the root pass weld that is affected by oxygen content in the purging gas. The super duplex stainless steel pipes for study were welded with GTAW in three types of back shielding gases of pure Ar, pure N2 and N2 mixed with 10%H2, each gas containing three levels of O2 between 100 and 2000 ppm. Corrosion test was carried out mainly on the inner surface of seam and related to the change in oxidation of the inner surfac



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Failure of Fixed-Roof Tank Center Support Column from an Eocene Wash Tank Within Partitioned Zone (K

Salem Al-Qahtani, Naser AlRashed, AbdulRahman ALGhamdi, Tariq Kamshad, Bakheet Alyami, UDAYA SHETTY Corrosion is the principal cause of damage to metals in oil and gas storage tanks. Corrosion damages cause a cost impact to maintain these facilities (repairs and replacements) in addition to the loss of production. Corrosions occur mostly on the storage tanks bottom area, because of the water layer which is generally found on the bottom of the tanks. Several ions and dissolved gases in the saturated water sets up corrosion which proceeds rapidly and results in severe pitting or localized corrosion on the tank material. This case study presents and discusses the failure of fixed roof center support column of a first stage free water knockout tank within the Wafra Eocene field. The fixed cone roof supported by column on the bottom plate. The tank had been in service for 10 years and it was opened for periodic maintenance activity and it was observed that the center support column f



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Top-of-Line Corrosion Inhibiton and Proposal of an Inhibition Mechanism

Alyn Jenkins, Aiman Kamaruzaman, Ian Gilbert, Lone Astrid Multiphase pipelines manufactured from carbon steel are susceptible to several forms of corrosion including top-of-line (TOL) corrosion. In wet gas pipelines, produced water can condense at the top of the pipeline as the temperature and pressure along the length of the pipeline decreases. If this happens, TOL corrosion will occur which can be severe as the pH of the condensed water will be very low (< 5). However, it is possible to mitigate TOL corrosion with the application of corrosion inhibitors. Using corrosion inhibitors to control TOL corrosion in multiphase systems presents several challenges. The corrosion inhibitor must be carried long distances within the gas phase and partition to the condensed water when necessary to form a protective barrier on the pipeline surface at the location where TOL corrosion occurs. An additional issue concerns the development and testing of inhibitors that can effectively mitigate top



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Embedded Condition Monitoring System for Tank Coatings

Kevin Farinholt, Michael Desrosiers, Mark Kim, Ethan Thompson, Fritz Friedersdorf A combination of material coating and cathodic protection systems are used to inhibit corrosion of steel tanks and enclosures on Navy ships. The state of these coating systems is often assessed through visual inspection of the confined space by human inspectors that enter tanks while vessels are in depot. Use of an automated or in-situ inspection method has the potential to reduce operating and maintenance costs by informing maintainers of specific tanks or enclosures that require further inspection or repair through condition based assessments. One such technology has been developed, using electrochemical sensors and stochastic models to detect the onset of damage and estimate the extent and location within an enclosed volume. This coating condition monitoring (CCM) system is composed of a network of sensor nodes that measure environmental conditions and electrochemical parameters to evaluate the



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

A Corrosion Inhibition Study Wei Li, James Landon, Bradley of Carbon Steel in a 0.7 MWe Irvin, heather nikolic, Jesse Pilot CO2 Capture Process Thompson, Kunlei Liu - Corrosion mitigation is an important topic for amine-based post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture operations due to the desire to use less expensive but corrosionvulnerable materials such as low carbon steels in the construction of a capture system. In this study, the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in UKy-CAER’s B3 solvent was investigated in a pilot-scale post combustion CO2 capture process. Carbon steel specimens were placed inside process units where corrosion problems were previously found, the stripper column and the CO2rich amine piping. An organic compound was studied as a corrosion inhibitor and degradation inhibitor in a range of 0 to 1000 ppm. It was found that the use of this corrosion inhibitor effectively retarded the corrosion rates of carbon steel in both unit locations.



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

A condition monitor for atmospheric induced stress corrosion cracking

Michael Hurley, Drew Lysne, Brian Jaques, Arvin Cunningham, Darryl Butt, Sanjeev Acharya - A sacrificial sensor has been designed to detect the occurrence and rate of atmospheric corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The sensor fixture was constructed using additive manufacturing and can be customized for use with small size wires or ribbons of any metallic material as a sensor electrode. Resistance change was used to monitor the degradation of arrays of small samples subjected to various stress and environmental conditions. Typical passive atmospheric corrosion sensors do not account for applied stress, or if they do, use statically loaded electrodes and stress relaxation during SCC precludes extended monitoring. However, this sensor allows for propagation of SCC to be monitored since the electrode experiences a dynamic applied stress. This low cost test system permits detection of degradation across multiple time and length scales and can be tailored for the intended application a




The Effect of Corrosion Inhibitors on Corrosion Fatigue under Complex Environmental Conditions

Sarah Galyon Dorman Research shows that chromate can offer a large, 10 fold, reduction in corrosion fatigue crack growth rates when added to a bulk NaCl solution in high concentrations, and can inhibit corrosion fatigue when added to a bulk NaCl solution in concentrations based on inhibitor leaching studies. However it remains unclear if chromate epoxy based and other polymeric inhibitor coatings can inhibit corrosion fatigue under atmospheric corrosion conditions. The protection provided by corrosion inhibitors under fatigue conditions can be affected E\ORDGLQJFRQGLWLRQV¨. frequency) but it is also likely affected by the environment due to changes in inhibitor leaching. An improved understanding of how environment and loading parameters influence a coating’s ability to offer protection against corrosion fatigue damage would greatly help the coating community to design more robust coatings and better evaluate new coating protection systems. In work funded by the Office of t




Effectively capture in-field Justin Rigby - Asset management data – A new way forward for requires a process of inspection and protective coatings projects. documenting construction, maintenance and refurbishment works. Most organisations have good systems for in-field inspection however there is difficulty in getting documentation when construction or maintenance activities take place. Asset Owners who have a high level of awareness in corrosion prevention spend tremendous effort to develop coating specifications, which are specific to their projects. However a disconnect occurs when quality responsibilities transfer to field staff. Our aim is to; Describe how inspection and test plans (ITP’s) are; a)Being used as the in-field quality document. b)Treated as the Contractors document. c)Not being prepared properly. Describe how the in-field data is being lost because; a)In lieu of a reasonable alternative, Specifiers use Contractor templates for a suitable report form. b)Contractor report forms; -Are not aligned with project specifications. -Once complete, ar




Improving Al-Ga Sacrificial Anodes via Simulation and Verification of Alloy Segregation.

Michael Kidd, Alan Druschitz Marine structures must deal with the corrosive effects of salt water in a way that is cheap, reliable, and environmentally friendly. Aluminum would be a good choice for a sacrificial anode to protect steel structures if it did not passivate. However, various elements can be added to aluminum to prevent this passivation. Currently, Al-Ga alloys are used commercially as sacrificial anodes but their performance is not consistent. In this research, Thermo-Calc software was used to simulate various aspects of the AlGa system in an attempt to understand and potentially correct this reliability issue. Simulations showed that Ga segregates to the grain boundaries during solidification and then diffuses back into the grains during cooling to room temperature. Simulations also showed that by controlling the cooling rate, the segregation of Ga at the grain boundaries can be maintained. Al-Ga alloy plates were then produced with varying cooling rates, using




Formation Mechanisms of Iron Shujun Gao, Bruce Brown, David Oxide and Iron Sulfide at High Young, Srdjan Nesic, Marc Singer Temperature in H2S Corrosion Environment The objective of this work was to investigate the role of corrosion product formation on H2S corrosion of mild steel at high temperature. Previous studies have shown that, from 80oC to 200oC, Fe3O4 forms as an inner layer (closer to the steel substrate) while iron sulfides (mackinawite, troilite, pyrrhotite and pyrite) are identified as the main components of the outer layer. Although Fe3O4 is thermodynamically less stable than iron sulfide, it was always observed as a defined inner layer with an outer iron sulfide layer. In the present study, a more dedicated investigating work was conducted looking at the formation and transformation of the inner Fe3O4 layer. The corrosion behavior was first investigated in environments with and without H2S at 120oC, showing that Fe3O4 is the dominant corrosion product layer in the initial stage of corrosion, due to a much higher saturation value than iron sulfide (mackinawite). Fe3




Evaluation of resistance to cracking for HIPed and rolled duplex stainless steel microstructures

Lisa Blanchard, Kasra Sotoudeh, Hongbiao Dong Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are of particular interest to oil and gas applications, due to their combined superior strength and corrosion resistance. However, DSSs are known to be susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, via a mechanism commonly referred to as hydrogen-induced stress cracking (HISC), once a susceptible microstructure and, a critical amount of stress and hydrogen coexist. In the subsea environment, the use of cathodic protection (CP) is a potential source of hydrogen, and HISC has been found to be an important cracking mechanism, in a number of subsea failures. During failure investigations of DSS components, it has been observed that the microstructure, i.e. size, spacing and distribution of the austenite, ferrite and nitrides, obtained by various manufacturing processes, is a key factor in HISC resistance. Due to their dissimilar crystallographic structures of ferrite (body centred cubic) and austenite (face centred




Cathodic Protection System Simulation for Life Extension and Inspection Optimization

Justin Gossard, Shane Finneran Evaluation of the performance of cathodic protection (CP) systems used on subsea structures once in service can be costly due the need for specialized personnel and ROV monitoring equipment. Often areas of a subsea structure can go unassessed in terms of CP coverage when the ability to assess the entire structure is not feasible. Improperly protected areas can lead to premature corrosion or structural integrity issues. The use of computer software can aid in identifying improperly protected areas. Boundary element analysis (BEA) a CP system, validated with past inspection data can produce a computer model that will allow for predictive assessments of the present and future states of the CP system and subsea structure. Identification of under/over protection ‘hot spots’ by using a BEA model can guide the focus of the next inspection for a more thorough assessment of critical locations. In this study, the CP system of an offshore complex consisting of




Effect of chlorination on Geunsu Jung corrosion of 90-10 Cu-Ni alloy Cu based alloys are frequently used for ballast water system for seawater pipings thanks to their resistance to chloride pitting as well as anti-fouling characteristics. 9010 Cu-Ni alloy, 10 mass % of Ni alloyed to Cu, is one of the variation of Cu based alloys and often a very attractive choice for seawater applications such as ballast water system for its reliable performance in seawater at lower cost. Seawater intake to ballast water tanks is normally treated with disinfectants, such as chlorine, by ballast water treatment system (BWTS) to kill invasive species in ballast water, which can become an environmental threat if released untreated. Even though the level of chlorine is thought to have influence on corrosion behavior of the exposed metal, the criteria for chlorination dosing level for seawater treatment has yet to be well established for Cu-Ni pipings in spite of the long history of the alloy being used for seawater systems. When 90-10 Cu-Ni alloy is used for seawater applications




The Influence of Halide Ions on the Passivity Breakdown of Carbon Steel Based on the Point Defect Mo

Elmira Ghanbari, Digby Macdonald, Alireza Saatchi, Danyil Kovalov, Bruno Kursten An important factor in determining the breakdown of the barrier layer of the passive film on carbon steel in halide-containing solutions is the anion size. In this paper, by performing potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) in solutions with different halides as a function of halide concentration, the influence of aggressive anion size on the passivity breakdown of P355 QL2 grade carbon steel was investigated. The PDP results were interpreted by using a mechanistic description based on the Point Defect Model (PDM). The experimental results revealed a linear dependence of the critical breakdown potential (Ec) on the activity of the breakdown-inducing halide (F-, Cl-, Br-, and I-), as predicted by the PDM. Furthermore, the PDM successfully accounts for the order with which the halides induce passivity breakdown, F- Br-, > I-, in terms of competitive Gibbs free energy of anion dehydration and expan




High strength steel SSC evaluation in mild sour environments at ambient and high temperatures

James Wei, Boris Thomas, Manuel Gonzalez, Brian Chambers High strength steels with yield strength greater than 140 ksi typically used as oil country tubular goods have very limited use in marginally sour wells. Currently, NACE MR0175 / ISO15156-2 provides caution on the use of these materials even in socalled non-sour Region 0. However, HPHT wells are requiring these grades to meet design requirements. Consequently, there is an increasing need to define the operating envelope for these materials. This paper reports issues experienced during SSC testing in mild environments, particularly at high temperatures. The main issues were general corrosion and large pH shift during test at high temperatures. Some tests showed Method A samples were significantly corroded after 720 hours to an extent that rendered the evaluation of cracking impossible. Also, higher corrosion rate also resulted in a significant shift of pH during test. The effect of different buffer solutions on the pH and




Corrosion Protection of Reinforced Concrete Columns and Piles in a Marine Environment

David Whitmore Reinforced concrete columns and piles in marine environments are at risk of corrosion due to long term exposure to chlorides, oxygen and water. Cathodic protection jackets are a practical and cost-effective option to extend the service life of corroding piles and columns even if the structure has suffered significant concrete damage or if structural strengthening is required. Cathodic protection jackets are especially beneficial when repairing load bearing members such as bridge columns or marine piles where excavating around and behind the ties and the vertical reinforcing without shoring could result in instability or failure of the structure. When using a cathodic protection jacket only the damaged concrete need to be removed. The remaining chloride contaminated concrete can be left in-situ and protected from corrosion by incorporating a galvanic or impressed current cathodic protection system into the jacket. This paper will discuss various options ava




Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment of a Wet Gas Pipeline

Xihua He - NACE standard SP0110 (Wet Gas Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) Methodology for Pipelines) has been applied to pipelines carrying wet gas to assess pipeline integrity with respect to internal corrosion. Four sequential steps: (1) pre-assessment, (2) indirect inspection, (3) detailed examination, and (4) post-assessment were followed. A combination of historical data gathering, flow models, and corrosion rate models was used to identify the most probable locations along a flow region for direct assessment. Direct examination was found to be consistent with model prediction.



Intergranular stress corrosion crack initiation and short crack growth in alloy 600 in pressurized w

Ziqing Zhai, Mychailo Toloczko, Stephen Bruemmer, Daniel Schreiber Stress corrosion crack (SCC) initiation of five commercial alloy 600 heats was assessed in simulated pressurized water reactor primary water using constant load tensile tests instrumented for in-situ detection of initiation by direct current potential drop technique. Effects of cold work, microstructural inhomogeneity and temperature on SCC initiation were evaluated. It is revealed that SCC initiation involves three stages: intergranular attach formation and growth, short crack coalescence and growth and transition to stable crack growth. Characteristics of these early stages were studied quantitatively and the mechanisms controlling SCC initiation in alloy 600 were discussed.




Effects of Seasonal Variation on AC Interference and Mitigation Design

Wolfgang Fieltsch, Travis Wymenga, Ernesto Gudino, Fation Shahinas - In Canada and in the northern portions of the United States, soil resistivities increase rapidly by up to several orders of magnitude once water in the soil freezes in the winter. Frostpenetration can vary from centimeters up to a meter or more in depth. Although it is standard industry practice in the electrical industry to consider seasonal variations in soil resistivity when modeling grounding facilities for substations and generating stations, this is often not considered in AC interference studies related to pipelines. The effect on AC induction is expected to be minimal, as this is predominantly dependent on the deeper soil layers. However, frozen soil conditions can have a significant impact on the resistive coupling under a phase to ground powerline fault, and the effectiveness of the AC mitigation system. The allowable safe touch potentials in winter, calculated in accordance with IEEE Std 80, would be si




Laboratory and Field Investigation of the Effect of the Chemical Environment on AC Corrosion

Andreas Junker-Holst, Lars Nielsen, &DVH\+HLQULFK3HU0¡OOHU Potential and current density criteria are strongly debated in the special case of AC interference of cathodically protected pipelines. Present criteria are based on empirical data and measurements of corrosion rates but the protection criteria are not the same in e.g. Europe and the US. This is regardless of AC corrosion being the same physical/electro-chemical phenomenon worldwide. One parameter that may influence the AC corrosion mechanism, and thus distort the discussion about protection criteria, but on the other hand is difficult to parameterize, is the chemical environment. In this paper, a field investigation of AC corrosion on an operational pipeline where AC interference and CP levels could be controlled by means of decoupling existing AC mitigation and adjusting the CP rectifiers, is presented. Field ERprobe corrosion rate data and detailed soil analysis is compared to extensive laboratory soil-box investig




Development of a Corrosion Control Program for Hanford Waste Treatment Plant Recycle Strategy

Bruce Wiersma The Hanford Nuclear Reservation uses large underground, carbon steel tanks for interim storage of liquid radioactive waste. The Hanford Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) is being constructed to treat the highlevel waste (HLW) and low-activity waste (LAW) in the tank. The WTP LAW recycle stream will be generated by condensation and scrubbing of the LAW melter offgas stream. A portion of this stream, which will contain substantial amounts of chloride, fluoride, ammonia, and sulfate ions, may be returned to the tank farms for storage and evaporation. Presently, there are no restrictions on the halide or sulfate concentrations of this return stream prior to transferring to the carbon steel waste tanks. Prior testing has shown the waste tanks would be susceptible to pitting corrosion due to the halide contents of the return stream compositions investigated without adequate inhibitor concentrations. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests were performed




Looking Back and Joseph Pikas Understanding a Case History This is a case history of a large of AC Corrosion diameter pipeline that experienced AC corrosion after being in operation after six (6) years. An AC study was done after installation, but showed that there was not a threat. This paper represents a post mortem assessment after 15 years of what is required and not miss the importance of taking more than instantaneous AC readings during a time when AC load factors were not posing a threating condition to the pipeline. If it were not for the operator's due diligence to run an in-line-inspection device, this condition would have gone unnoticed. This paper will provide the understanding taking the right information and data for modeling the AC corrosion threat and mitigation.




Criteria for Protective Film Yoon-Seok Choi, K. Channa De Growth on Carbon Steel Rebar Silva, Yong Xiang, David Young, in a Carbonation Process Srdjan Nesic - The motivation behind this research was to see if iron carbonate (FeCO3) coating can be used for steel rebars. Laboratory scale experiments were conducted on optimizing the conditions utilized to form a protective FeCO3 layer on reinforcement steel by controlling solution chemistry, temperature, and surface condition. Subsequently, the rebar with protective layers formed under different conditions were exposed to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution in air, representative of an extreme service condition. The corrosion rates were assessed electrochemically using linear polarization technique while the surface morphology of the steel was analyzed with analytical methods such as SEM, EDS, Raman and XRD. Iron carbonate formed on sandblasted rebar indicated the lowest corrosion rates ( 100 bar). In this work, the corrosion of usual materials used for containers such as stainless steel AISI 309S and cast iron DIN EN 16482 were investigated in geological relevant solutions in the system NaCl-KCl-MgCl2-Na2SO4H2O. Experiments were performed in a special designed high-pressure and high-temperature electrochemical reactor using N2 as pressuring gas. Local surface chemical environments expected to appear after long times were cr




Effect of production routes on SSC of 110 ksi 13Cr Super Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS)

Klenke Karola, Christoph Bosch, )UDQN+LSSHQVWLHO0DUF0OOHU 13Cr Super Martensitic Stainless Steel (SMSS) with a specified minimum yield (SMYS) of 110 ksi is commonly used in the Oil & Gas industry. The present work has been aimed to evaluate the influence of different heat treatment processes on the corrosion resistance of 110 ksi 13Cr SMSS. Bars were produced with a conventional QT process in gas fired furnaces as well as on an integrated forging line with direct quenching. The bars are tested according NACE TM 0177 method A to prove the susceptibility to SSC. Tests were done in several environments with different Chloride concentrations, pH levels and H2S partial pressure from 0.01 up to 0.05 bar. First results confirm the potential of new production concepts for SMSS steel bar products.




Super Martensitic Stainless Steel UNS41426 Bar Manufactured to Optimize Sour Service Performance

Lee Smith, Perry Nice, Giuseppe Mortali, Lucrezia Scoppio, Takuji Nakahata, Roberto Morana, Daisuke Matsuo, Hisashi Amaya 13%Cr alloyed Super Martensitic Stainless Steels (SMSS) are widely used as down-hole tubular products in the Oil & Gas industry. Optimization of the tubular material chemistry, cleanliness and manufacturing route has delivered useful sour service performance and application in a wide range of oil and gas projects. SMSS bar stock alloys are a common selection for the manufacturing of down-hole equipment, but their application remains restricted by sour service performance that is lower than can be achieved in the tubular product. It is desirable, where strength requirement allows, to match the tubular grade for accessories and equipment. The sour service performance gap between SMSS tubular and bar stock makes this difficult for many fields. To explore if this gap could be overcome, development work was conducted to optimize the performance of 110ksi specified m




SCC Study of Carbon Steel Welds Exposed to Concrete Pore Water Under Anoxic Conditions

Bruno Kursten The Supercontainer (SC) is the reference concept for the postconditioning of vitrified high-level nuclear waste and spent fuel in Belgium. It comprises a prefabricated concrete buffer that completely surrounds a carbon steel overpack. Welding is being considered as a final closure technique of the carbon steel overpack in order to ensure its water tightness. Welding is known to induce residual stresses near the weld zone, which may lead to an increased susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In this study, slow strain rate tests were conducted to study the SCC behavior of plain and welded P355 QL2 grade carbon steel exposed to an artificial concrete pore water solution that is representative for the SC concrete buffer environment. The tests were performed at C, a constant strain rate of 5 QEVSî QEVS107 s-1 and at open circuit potential under anoxic conditions. The effect of thiosulfate on the SCC behavior was investigated up to levels of 5.35 mM S2O32(600 m




Cracking of Duplex Stainless Steel in Refining Operations

Sudhakar Mahajanam, Joanna Folse, Chloe Lins, Fred Addington, Cesar Espinoza, Adarsh Ranganathan, Yuting Mao - Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are complex steels. These materials were manufactured to exploit the benefits of high strength and corrosion resistance arising from the duplex microstructure, i.e., ferrite and austenite. However, this very duplex nature can make these steels susceptible to failures commonly observed in both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels. In addition, improper fabrication and welding techniques can lead to the formation of deleterious sigma and chi phases, which can cause brittle failure. In this paper, case studies related to DSS cracking are presented specific to the refining industry. Two cases of chloride stress corrosion cracking (Cl-SCC) of 2205 DSS tubing are presented. One of them occurred in an overhead exchanger tube of the crude tower, while the other failure occurred in a top pump-around exchanger tube. The mode of failure was intergranul




Nanoscale Studies of Scale Formation in Sour Environments

Noora Al-Qahtani, Nicholas Laycock, Mary Ryan, Aboubakr Abdullah, Jiahui Qi The corrosion of carbon steel in environments containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a critical issue to the oil and gas industry. Despite considerable research efforts into this problem, there is still not a complete mechanistic understanding of scale formation and growth kinetics, or of the factors which control growth and breakdown of the surface films formed in sour systems. Numerous studies report that more than one iron sulfide compound may form, and that the morphology of the scale is highly dependent on the environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, pressure, H2O content, the presence of aggressive ions or inhibitors, etc.). In this work, iron sulfide scale formation on carbon steel has been studied using a multimodal characterisation approach: high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in-situ Rama




Performance of API 5L X65 in Maria Mitzithra, Shiladitya Paul a 'sweet' followed by 'sour' This paper focuses on the behaviour environment of X65 towards corrosion in mixed CO2/H2S brine, after being exposed to a pure CO2 saturated brine at C for a duration of 6 months. It was shown that the exposure of carbon steel in a mixed 1% H2S/CO2 brine after exposure to a pure CO2-saturated brine at ambient temperature (T) and pressure (P) for a total of 48 days leads to increased general corrosion rates, attributed mainly to the rapid formation of iron sulfide scales, which at those P and T conditions seems to promote corrosion of the steel. The objective of this study is to identify and analyse the influence of a longer exposure and a higher temperature on the role of the scaling with respect to the performance of the material in the changing environment. X65 steel corrosion coupons were prepared and immersed in a de-aerated 3.5% NaCl solution which was continuously purged with pure CO2 gas. After 60 days, the exposure to sweet conditions was interrupted



High -Temperature and High pressure Corrosion Behavior of Duplex Stainless Steel in White Liquor


Luiza Esteves, Emerson Rabello, 0{QLFD6FKYDUW]PDQ:DJQHU Campos, Vanessa Lins Specimens of duplex stainless steel (DSS) were exposed at high temperature (C) in industrial white liquor from a Brazilian kraft mill using an autoclave to simulate the same conditions of a digester processing. Tafel extrapolation method and weight loss were used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of duplex steel in industrial white liquo. The corrosion rates of DSSs increase as the temperature increases. Moreover, selective dissolution of the ferrite phase occured.



Electrochemical Measurements William Ebert, Vineeth Kumar of Steel Corrosion for Gattu, J Indacochea, James jerden Modeling H2 Generation The presence of H2 in a breached waste container can significantly decrease the oxidative-dissolution rate of UO2 fuel and the H2 generation rate is a critical parameter value in the fuel degradation model to be used in performance analyses of waste disposal facilities. The corrosion of metallic components in waste packages used for spent fuel disposal will be an important source of H2 under anoxic conditions during long service life of a deep geological disposal facility. We are using electrochemical methods to measure the corrosion rates of carbon steels, stainless steels, and Zircaloy-4 to represent H2 generation rates under the range of Eh-pH conditions that could occur in a disposal system. Potentiostatic tests were conducted to monitor the corrosion current over several days as the surfaces of different materials corroded actively or passivated and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed periodically du




Nickel-based Alloy, UNS N06845, with Superior Localized Corrosion Resistance for Sour Environment

Masayuki Sagara, Yuhei Suzuki, Masaki Ueyama, Yusaku Tomio, Hisashi Amaya, Tomohiko Omura Advanced material of nickel-based alloy for OCTG has been developed in order to be usefully applied to sour condition and seawater injection well. At oil and gas services, injection of medium such as seawater, carbon dioxide and wet gas to well makes oil and gas be retrieved. These medium, however, causes deterioration of the corrosion environment. Hence, these conditions may require the usage of superior corrosion resistant alloy. The UNS No. of the material is N06845. The chemical composition of the one is 22wt.%Cr-45wt.%Ni-6wt.%Mo with tungsten, copper and nitrogen. Material type of the alloy complies with type 4d of nickel based alloy in ISO15156-3. The developed alloy has exhibited equivalent stress corrosion cracking resistance in severe sour condition to conventional UNS N06255 (25wt.%Cr-50wt.%Ni-6wt.%Mo) with 125ksi grade. The alloying tungsten and copper advances the corrosion re




EVALUATION OF THE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF DIFFERENT CRAS IN SOUR WELL ENVIRONMENT.

Pilar Esteban, Alejandra Lopez, Beatriz Calleja Individuals and companies choosing a CRA for specific sour service environments use different methods. A recognized selection procedure is to review the literature for corrosion data that applies to the anticipated field conditions. Then a group of candidate alloys is selected that represents a range of alternatives. A test program, simulating the subject field environment, is often initiated. A final CRA selection is made for a specific application based on test results and an economic analysis of the cost effective alternatives. While more detailed testing and analysis is sometimes required, guideline tables and diagrams are often used before extensive efforts are made to make a final alloy selection for a specific oil field application. In selecting materials for corrosive sour oil field environments, the materials of choice must be reliable and costeffective. Materials have to meet criteria for both corrosion resistance and mecha




Electrochemical Methods to Quantify Alloy Waste Form Degradation

William Ebert, Vineeth Kumar Gattu, J Indacochea We have conducted electrochemical experiments with several multiphase alloy and alloy/ceramic composite materials representing waste forms for metallic high-level radioactive waste streams that are generated during the pyroprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. The waste streams consist of contaminated steel cladding and Zr and noble metal fission products from the fuel, and the predominant alloy phases are FeCr- and FeZr-based intermetallics that host Tc and actinide fuel wastes, respectively. The addition of lanthanide and uranium oxide wastes results in the generation of zirconolites intermixed with the alloy phases. An experimental protocol consisting of potentiostatic electrochemical tests with periodic EIS measurements combined with microscopy and solution analyses has been developed to quantify the corrosion behavior. The experimental approach will be presented with results of tests with several surrogate waste form materials and




Studies of Aqueous Hydrogen Trent Pehlke Sulfide Corrosion in Producing Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage SAGD Wells (SAGD) is a relatively new form of oil recovery used to produce highly viscous oil which is too deep to mine. Corrosion is now being found and causing well integrity concerns. In this research, lab and field coupon testing was completed to determine corrosion rates (CR) of some relevant metals in producing SAGD wells, how they varied with well depth and material, and a dominating corrosion mechanism. Coupons tested in the lab were made of wellhead materials 1018 carbon steel, hard faced Deloro-40 and Stellite-6. Downhole materials tested were K-55, TN-55TH, galvanized J-55 and K-55. Coupon materials installed downhole included L-80, J-55, and a galvanized-J55+J-55 couple. High average CR’s of 0.263mm/y were measured in the lab, as compared to a low average CR 0.0183mm/y. Rates decreased from 0.0178mm/y at the wells bottom to 0.0145mm/y at higher elevations. This corresponded to decreasing contents of FeS corrosion products from on the




The effect of corrosion product formation mode on the early stage of sour corrosion behavior on pipe

Huixin Li, Lei Zhang, Minxu Lu, Fengxian Shi, Zhu Wang, Liu Jiancang Sour corrosion has become one of the most important topics during the recent decade due to demands of oil and gas industry. The rapid process at the initial stage of sour corrosion on carbon steels and the relatively low uniform corrosion rate show the change of corrosion mechanism and the effect of corrosion products over time. Numerous studies have shown that the initial stage of corrosion and the sensitivity of localized corrosion under sour conditions. However, the understanding of the initial stage of sour corrosion and the key factors inducing pitting are still poor understood because of the highly toxic and the rapid dissolving characterize of H2S. In this paper, the scaling mode at the early stage of carbon steel exposed to H2S environments with short exposure time were designed. Corrosion exposure tests and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques were performed. The corrosion products of pipeline




A comparison of the structure and consumption rate for Centrifugally cast Anodes compared with die-c

Chris Jennings A popular cost effective type of semi-consumable anode used for ICCP is manufactured from high silicon cast iron (HSCI) with the two prime manufacturing processes being a die-cast process and a centrifugally-cast process. The initial development of high silicon cast iron dates back to 1908 and although the alloys were characterized by excellent corrosion resistance, the parts made from the alloy have to be made by a casting process that eliminates shrinkage or porosity as well as ensuring a refined and compacted graphite structure. Since anodes are buried underground and become inaccessible for maintenance and are often required to have an operational life in excess of 20 years, there is an essential requirement to validate that the anodes will have an appropriate level of corrosion resistance. This project carried out the most comprehensive comparative testing of the corrosion performance of centrifugally-cast and die-cast FeSi anodes that has been completed for 30




Evaluation of Corrosion of Austenitic Steels and Comparison with Martensitic Stainless Steel 17-4

Tatiana Reyes Ayers, Dean Lauppe, Manuel Marya In an effort to find possible replacements for 17-4 in different applications, a series of Method A corrosion tests were performed in austenitic steels and martensitic stainless steel 17-4 110ksi. Additionally, electrochemical tests, microstructure analysis, hardness survey, and tensile tests were performed on all of the alloys. The results revealed that certain austenitic steels have a better performance in environments slightly beyond those typically recommended for 17-4 in sour service. Electrochemical testing also demonstrated an improved performance of certain austenitic alloys in artificial seawater compared to 17-4. The chemical composition is believed to be responsible for the improved results.




Comparison of critical pitting temperatures of stainless steel in different salt solutions

Anna Delblanc Bauer, Anna Iversen, Kristina Lund - Localised corrosion is one of the most common reasons to failure in stainless steels. There are several standard methods used for ranking stainless steels regarding localized corrosion such as pitting and crevice corrosion. Pitting corrosion is the accelerated dissolution of an alloy, which occurs as a result of breakdown of its passive film. The standard method ASTM G150 measures the critical pitting temperature (CPT) electrochemically and is used to rank stainless steel grades. However, for high-alloyed materials such as hyper-duplex and superaustenitic grades with a high Pitting Resistance Equivalent (PRE) > 48, the corrosion resistance to pitting is too high to be measured in 1M NaCl, which is required in the standard. Alloys with CPT above the boiling point in NaCl can therefore not be assessed with this method. It has been proposed to use the crevice corrosion temperature (CCT) in 1M NaCl instead of CPT, since CCT is substantial




Behavior of Titanium Exposed Ronald Schutz, Heath Walker to Fresh and Spent Dilute HF Increasing interest in Acid Well Stimulation Fluids utilizing hydrofluoric acid (HF) for acid stimulation of Gulf of Mexico wells to improve hydrocarbon productivity has raised acid compatibility concerns with titanium alloy riser system components such as Titanium Stress Joints. Recent published lab test findings by the authors confirmed that Grade 29 Titanium exposure to warm, naturally-aerated, dilute, HF-containing, fresh acid mixtures does result in unacceptable, elevated etch (uniform corrosion) rates, which dramatically increase with temperature and/or acid concentration. These lab studies, however, also revealed that several common inorganic salts such as aluminum, molybdate, and/or borate salts, can effectively inhibit this attack if added in sufficient molar ratios to free fluoride. Corrosion of titanium in reducing acids such as these well stimulation fluids may also induce significant absorption and/or penetration of byproduct hydrogen, raising additional concern fo




Migrating Corrosion Inhibitors as Admixtures To Improve Durability of Reinforced Concrete Structure

Behzad Bavarian, Lisa Reiner Corrosion is one of the primary concerns in the durability of materials and structures. Research efforts have been made to find a corrosion inhibition process to prolong the life of existing structures and minimize corrosion damages in new structures. Migrating Corrosion Inhibitor technology was developed to protect the embedded steel rebar/concrete structure. These inhibitors are based on amino carboxylate chemistry and the most effective types of inhibitor interact at the anode and cathode simultaneously. These inhibitors use compounds that work by forming a monomolecular film between the metal and the water, this film has one end of the molecule is hydrophilic and the other hydrophobic. These molecules will arrange themselves parallel to one another and perpendicular to the reinforcement forming a barrier. Two admixture inhibitors, A and B, of amine carboxylates were added to concrete mix per ASTM G109 sample preparation method, with reinforcement r




COMPLIANCE TO ASME PCC-2 STANDARD FOR ENGINEERED COMPOSITE REPAIR SYSTEMS

Matt Green - Engineered Composite Repair (ECR) systems are a beneficial and efficient choice as a rehabilitation option for the oil and gas pipeline and piping networks. However, in order to successfully implement a process and utilize these systems, a greater understanding of the qualification requirements set forth in the ASME Post Construction Code 2, Article 4.1 Nonmetallic Composite Repair Systems: High Risk Applications, is crucial for successful design, installation, and long term service. Understanding the full range of requirements of this document can provide a high level of confidence in using the qualified composite technology to maintain pipeline integrity in areas of corrosion or mechanical damage. Alternatively, as with any repair method and option, without a solid understanding of the needs and requirements, as well as proper training and skill of the installation and implementation, the chance of disappointment is high. This paper will discuss key qualification and




Application of Corrosion Inhibitors for K55 Casing Corrosion Control in Acidic Geothermal Well Fluid

Soroor Ghaziof, Keith Lichti, Kazumi Osato, Masatake Sato, Kaichiro Kasai, Koji Sakura Many geothermal wells that are cased in low-carbon steels encounter acidic well fluids which can benefit from the application of pH control chemicals such as NaOH, however, at high temperatures the injection of NaOH can result in rapid scaling by one or more of Calcite, Silica and Anhydrite scales. Additional complications encountered with acid wells include the reductive deposition of heavy metals on freely corroding steel that can result in galvanic corrosion and changes in production fluid pH levels that require frequent adjustment of the NaOH addition. Corrosion inhibitors have been proposed as an alternative to pH adjustment in mildly acidic geothermal wells. In this study, a commercial corrosion inhibitor was used to quantify the level of corrosion mitigation of K55 casing material in simulated acidic geothermal electrolyte containing 9,500 mg/kg chloride ions and 4.40E-05 mol/kg H2S at




Materials Stewardship: A Framework for Managing and Preserving Materials in the Circular Economy

Christopher Taylor, Andrea Sanchez Materials stewardship is concerned with managing the flow of materials through society to improve the sustainability by mitigating environmental and societal impacts and maximizing materials efficiency. Materials stewardship looks into the maintenance and preservation of a material during the product ownership stage and the “second life” stage of the material when its intended use expires. Four key strategies have been defined to pursue materials stewardship, these are known as the four D’s approach: dematerialization, durability, design for multiple lifecycles, and diversion of waste streams through industrial symbiosis. The framework of materials stewardship provides corporations, government organizations, and their stakeholders a model for preserving and extending the lifetime of materials, thus reducing the rate of materials throughput, cutting waste, and preventing the social, environmental and economic costs due to materials failure. Typical




AST Corrosion Control and Monitoring with VCI Applications

James Ellor Corrosion control of above ground storage tank (AST) tank bottoms remains critical over the life of a tank. A primary form of corrosion control has been the application of cathodic protection (CP). Over time, these systems can fail or reach the end of their design lives. In recent years, vapor corrosion inhibitors (VCI) have been recommended to ensure continued protection of these tank bottoms. VCIs have been added as an aqueous slurry mixture under tank bottoms as part of a retrofit of corrosion control systems. Regulations require monitoring of the efficacy of the corrosion control method. For VCI applications under ASTs, the most common monitoring form has been the use of electrical resistance (ER) probes. ER probes indicate local corrosion action via self-corrosion that decreases the cross-sectional area of exposed metal. In AST applications, concerns have been raised as to the long-term accuracy and relevance of ER probes. The present research indicates that




Evaluation of Coating Systems to Address Pitting Corrosion of 316 Stainless Steel for Offshore

Thu Addis, Andy Bodington, Carmen Fonseca, Benjamin Chang Stainless steel external pitting corrosion has been a concern for the vessels, tanks and piping in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) as well as any coastal or offshore facility worldwide. However, there are still gaps in understanding how and what protective coatings to use to mitigate pitting corrosion from initiating or preventing further pit growth in already pitted equipment. In addition, the presence of salts, due to offshore environment, makes this even more challenging. Therefore, the objective of this study is 1) to evaluate different surface treatments to remove soluble salts and/or insolubilize the salts 2) to compare the performance of different protective coating systems to determine which system (s) are most suitable for use in the GoM offshore field application, to minimize pitting corrosion on 300 series stainless steel. These systems were applied according to manufacturers’ procedures. The following tests were perfo




Modeling of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) in the Oil and Gas Industry – Past, Present

John Wolodko, Tesfaalem Haile, Andrea Marciales Ramirez, Faisal Khan, Christopher Taylor, Torben Lund Skovhus Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a complex form of materials degradation caused by the biological activity of microorganisms such as bacteria, archaea and fungi. It is typically characterized by the presence of microbial populations within a biofilm or semi-solid deposit resulting in localized and accelerated corrosion. While MIC has been actively studied for many decades, there is still a significant gap in the ability to accurately predict MIC rates. This is due, in part, to a limited understanding of all the microbial communities involved in MIC, and the complexity of biological, chemical and operational parameters responsible for MIC. For the oil and gas sector, the threat of MIC can be particular challenging since it can affect a wide range of operations including upstream production and processing facilities (onshore and offshore), mid-stream and tra




Analyzing Pig Returns from a Subsea Pipeline for MIC: Sampling and Testing Challenges

John Kilbane Monitoring pipelines for microbial corrosion can be challenging because obtaining samples is difficult. This is particularly true of subsea pipelines where the only available samples are the pig returns. The heterogeneous nature of pig returns further complicates the situation by making it difficult to obtain representative samples. Moreover, there is no consensus regarding the best testing method to be used. Microbial growth tests have the longest history of use in the industry, but have more recently been questioned for being too slow, and for not providing comprehensive microbiological data. Test methods other than microbial growth tests, such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) quantification and genetic testing (quantitative polymerase chain reaction or qPCR), can be used to monitor microbial populations in oilfield samples. ATP testing is a rapid biochemical test that can be performed in the field, and it provides an estimate of the total microbial concentration but




Testing of Coatings for Offshore Service

David Allerton, Ian Greszler, Brian Skerry - A reliable test protocol for screening coatings for offshore service is needed for the O & G Industry. To this end, a new protocol has been developed to provide an accurate assessment in this environment. Six coatings systems, i.e., single coat epoxy @ 70 mils, single coat epoxy @20 mils, Zinc Rich MCU/20 mil Epoxy, Epoxy/Urethane Fluoropolymer, IOZ/Epoxy Urethane, and Waterborne Epoxy/Acrylic were selected for a novel test protocol in an effort to determine the most suitable system(s) for offshore atmospheric service. The test protocol consisted of exposures in a modified accelerated corrosion cycle (ASTM D5894 using synthetic seawater), as well as exterior exposure in 3 environments: Near-Ocean in both northerly and subtropical latitudes (Newfoundland and Florida) as well as light industrial (Cleveland, Ohio). The coatings were applied over a variety of surfaces: grit blast per SSPC SP10& SSPC SP 10 contaminated w/ 30 JFP2 of NaCl,




Methodologies to Evaluate Compatibility between Cathodic Protection and Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors f

Sujay Math, Pavan Shukla Prevention of soil-side corrosion of the bottom plates of Aboveground Storage Tanks (ASTs) is a major challenge in the oil and gas industry. API 651 minimum design requirements for ASTs bottom plate is 0.25 inch (6.35 mm) thick A36 carbon steel. Literature information suggests that corrosion rate of the soil side bottoms can be up to 20 mpy (0.5 mm/year). The soil-side surfaces of the bottom plates are designed to be protected by either a shallow anode impressed current cathodic protection (CP) system or a sacrificial anode CP system. However, the bottom plate flexes as the tank is filled and emptied, creating air gaps between the bottom plate and the tank bed. This results in reduced CP effectiveness leading to potential corrosive conditions for the tank bottoms. Furthermore, in many situations CP could become ineffective because of low efficiency as a result of poor ionic conductivity within tank beds and failure of anodes. In cases where a tank rest




The Promise of a Holistic Cecilie Haarseth, David Norman Digital Strategy for Corrosion The O&G industry continues and Integrity Management to seek increased efficiency and reduced cost through digital technologies that may potentially facilitate more effective data capture, data management, analytics, and hence better decision making. Digital investments seem to be focusing primarily on general production and maintenance opportunities. Many operators manage an abundance of corrosion and integrity related data, but these data may not always be used as effectively as possible to assess equipment health. There is an opportunity, depending on the circumstances, to maximize the value of the data that already exist and to advance technologies that provide opportunities to more efficiently gather data. This paper provides an overview and possible methods for consideration in how to capture the full potential of digital technologies for corrosion and integrity management with a focus on upstream pipelines, considering current industry offerings but also potential new t




Corrosion behavior in geothermal steam of CoCrFeNiMo high entropy alloy

Ioana Csaki, Sigrun Karlsdottir, Laura Geambazu, Radu Stefanoiu A multicomponent High Entropy Alloy (HEA) CoCrFeNiMo processed with vacuum arc remelting procedure was tested for corrosion in geothermal environment in the Reykjanes Geothermal Power Plant in Iceland. Microstructural and chemical composition analysis of the material was performed before and after testing in the geothermal steam with an electron scanning microscope (SEM) and X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (X-EDS). A weight loss method was also used to measure the corrosion rate of the CoCrFeniMo high entropy alloy. The results showed that the uniform corrosion rate low, on average 0.0001mm/year. And inspection of the specimen after the exposure in the geothermal environment revealed corrosion products containing sulfur and oxygen. The low corrosion rate botained for this HEA suggest that this alloy could be a good candidate for further coating components working in geothermal steam




Corrosion Behavior of Naphthenic Acids Isolated from Vacuum Gas Oil Crude Fractions

yathish kurapati, Winston Robbins, Gheorghe Bota, David Young Authors: Yathish Kurapati, Winston Robbins, Gheorghe Bota, David Yound, Srdjan Nesic Often opportunity crudes have increased acidity, making high temperature naphthenic acid (NAP) corrosion a key concern for their processing in refineries. Naphthenic acid corrosion generally occurs in crude and vacuum distillation units where the temperature is in the range of 220C-400C. Traditionally, laboratory scale research on NAP corrosion is performed either on crude fractions, commercial naphthenic acid mixtures or model carboxylic acids. However, these lab corrosion rates are hard to interpret due to either variable composition of crude fractions or the use of commercially available model carboxylic acids that are typically unrepresentative of NAP species present in vacuum gas oils (VGO). In this research, the corrosion behavior of native naphthenic acids in VGO have been compared with white oil solutions of the acids isolated




Significance of Evaluation Methods for Surface Applied Corrosion Inhibitors

Fred Goodwin Surface Applied Corrosion Inhibitors (SACI) remain controversial as to effectiveness and the ability to compare materials from different manufacturers and technologies. These materials are liquids applied to the surface of concrete to control the corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel. This presentation will discuss the performance and relative importance of a recent testing program for corrosion inhibition and other performance parameters using documented test methods. The applicability of the tests to evaluate the performance of the material will be described as well as showing comparative data for different generic materials.




Case Histories of Low Alloy Steel Used for Completion Tools in High-H2S and -CO2 Environments

Karthik Krishnan - Low alloy steels with less than 1% nickel content and having 22HRC maximum hardness can be used for sour service at any temperature in all regions, as per NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 (2015) guidelines. They provide resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and therefore can be used in downhole completion tools for many oil and gas producing environments. However, low alloy steels can experience general corrosion during medium to longer term use in production environments. The corrosion rate is dependent on multiple factors, such as H2S partial pressure, CO2 partial pressure, temperature, etc. One derived factor that can significantly influence the corrosion rate is the H2S/CO2 ratio. This paper discusses two case histories in which 41XX low alloy steel, quenched and tempered to 22HRC maximum hardness, was used in longer term downhole completion tools. The first case discusses a packer assembly installed near the bottom hole and provided 14 years of good long term servi




Repassivation behavior of lean duplex stainless steels in chloride and thiosulfate environments

Liang He, Preet Singh Breakdown of passive film can occur chemically in environments that contain aggressive ions such as chloride or through mechanical damage. The bare metal/alloy surface could repair the passive film during the repassivation process. Fast repassivation kinetics can minimize the probability of stable pit formation and other types of localized corrosion. Repassivation is important process to corrosion problems such as pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. However, the repassivation kinetics, especially the quantitative analysis, of duplex stainless steels has rarely been studied. In this paper, the repassivation kinetics of four grades of lean duplex stainless steels in environments containing chloride as well as thiosulfate ions will be studied through the scratch test method. Repassivation kinetics as well as the properties of the passive film forming from the bare alloy surface will be characterized. The work would provide insights into the repassiva




Effect of Ferrite and Heat Treatment on the Low Temperature Toughness of Austenitic Castings

Ivan Morales, Jorge Perdomo, John Houben The influence of ferrite and heat treatment condition on the toughness of ASTM A 351 Grade CF3M (0.03C-19Cr-9Ni-2Mo) and CF8M (0.08C-19Cr-9Ni-2Mo) castings used in valve bodies in both Cold (-200F300oF. Further R&D efforts in polysiloxane matrix spray-on insulation results in ultra-high-build and higher temperature capabilities to 400 mils and 750oF respectively, producing results which exceed limitations of current spray-on insulation materials. Laboratory testing of these third generation materials versus secondgeneration polysiloxane elevated temperature coatings, as lsted in NACE SP 0198-2010 confirms the superiority of third-generation pure inorganic formulations.



Tuesday,2 :35p.m. to 3 p.m.

Probabilistic Performance Assessment of Bolts Used in Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Systems

Narasi Sridhar, Ramgopal Thodla, Christopher Taylor The performance of bolts in drilling and production systems is determined by many parameters, such as the bolting material structure and properties, metallic and non-metallic coatings, installation factors (e.g., torque), and operational factors (cathodic polarization, etc.). The acceptance of bolts is also determined by test method. These factors have attendant data and knowledge uncertainties. Thus, a probabilistic assessment is appropriate. This paper examines the effect of the combined uncertainties on the performance of these bolts using a Bayesian probabilistic approach.




Effect of protective casing on the cathodic protection condition of a buried pipeline at rail crossi

Marco Ormellese, Beatrice Refraschini, Andrea Brenna, Silvia Beretta, fabio brugnetti The Italian ministerial decree (D.M. 4 April 2014) foresees that at rail crossing and parallelism, pipes for liquid and gas transportation shall be encased in a coated steel pipe called casing pipe. The ends of the casing pipe should ensure the perfect watertight seal of the annulus while spacers of insulating material should separate the two pipes. Laboratory tests have been carried out to investigate the protection and interference condition of the gas transport pipe and casing pipe, respectively, in case of a leak in the watertight system with water in the annulus. The internal pipe has been cathodically protected with an impressed current system, and the cell voltage has been increased to maximum 10 V. Different configurations were considered for the casing: bare pipe with a passing hole in front of a coating defect of the internal pipe; coated pipe with a defect on the internal and external s




Corrosion of 13Cr Steel at the Cement/Casing Interface in CO2/H2S Environments at 4, DQG&

Margaret Ziomek-Moroz, Justin Beck, Ruishu Feng, Derek Hall, Aysel Buyuksagis, Serguei Lvov A study was carried out to investigate corrosion at the cement/casing interface for 13Cr casing steel. Cement simulated pore solution (CSPS) was developed by exposing cement pieces to 5% NaCl at 100&DQG10 MPa in equilibrium with CO2. Pore solution was extracted from the cement pieces using a die press. Chemical analysis of the pore solution extract was performed and used for preparing CSPS for 13Cr corrosion testing. Corrosion tests were performed in CSPS at equilibrium with CO2 or CO2+H2S at 10 MPa at 4, 85, and 200& Corrosion rates were determined using linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and mass loss coupons. Addition of H2S at 4& increased the corrosion rate, while at 85&LWVOLJKWO\GHFUHDVHGWKH corrosion rate. Only a small effect from H2S addition was observed at 200&&\FOLFYROWDPPHWU\&9 results showed passivation/depa




Electrochemical Noise Measurements for Assessing Level of Corrosion Protection Being Afforded by a C

Michael Woldemedhin, Chi Lee, Douglas Mills, Brian Skerry Conventional electrochemical noise measurement (ENM) uses a three electrode system with a “bridge” formed between two of the electrodes. This has been used successfully in a laboratory setting, the obtained value of Rn (Noise resistance) having been shown to be directly related to the protective ability of the coating system. However, there is an industry need to interrogate coatings used on functioning structures without the need for two nominally identical separated samples. So this work describes a hand-held portable measuring device which can be used to obtain ENM data from coated steel substrates in the field. To achieve this, a dismountable probe incorporating a reversible low noise electrode has needed to be developed. These probes are connected to the coated metal surface via either of two previously published measurement modes (SS and NOCS). In the ‘Single Substrate’ (SS) configuration two probes are placed on the c




The Impact of Biocide Choice and Dosing Strategy on Successful MIC Management under Anoxic and Flowi

Nora Eibergen, Kenneth Wunch, Philip Maun, Matthew Wier Pipelines and other carbon steel assets that are exposed to water, mixed phases, or water-laden hydrocarbons are highly susceptible to microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). This process, caused by either direct or indirect attack of metallic iron by microorganisms, causes costly damage to carbon steel assets and, in some cases, failure of the asset altogether. One approach to reduce and/or mitigate MIC is the application of biocides to affected assets. In laboratory studies, we evaluated the impact of multiple biocides and treatment strategies on MIC. Glutaraldehyde-based products, THPS-based products, and other chemistries used in the field were applied under anoxic flowing conditions to sessile organisms enriched from anoxic North Sea sediment. This benchmarking study involved both the preventative application of biocide and the application of biocide to established biofilm. The impact of biocide choice and mode of applic




OPTIMIZED COSTING OF CORROSION CONTROL METHODS IN OIL AND GAS FACILITIES

Arun Agarwal, Narasi Sridhar, Abdul Hameed Al-Hashem, Gerhardus Koch In this work, a Life Cycle Costing (LCC) analysis to quantify and compare different corrosion mitigation methods based on their effectiveness and make an informed decision on the strategies to minimize the costs due to corrosion is presented. The LCC for corrosion constitutes the costs of corrosion monitoring and control, the equipment replacement costs, and the loss of production due to down time. Minimizing the replacements to zero might not be practical due to the highly corrosive conditions in some of the facilities. On the other hand, frequent replacements could result in very high costs especially accounting for loss of production during the facility stoppages for replacements. Reliance on only corrosion control through chemical additions or cathodic protection (CP) may also be expensive. Therefore, a trade-off between the selected corrosion control methods and planned replacement is evaluated for each facil




Analysis of Hydrogen Induced Taishi Fujishiro, Takuya Hara Cracking by in-situ HIC Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) Observation Method is one of the major issues of line pipes exposed to sour environments. There are some guidelines on materials requirements for carbon and low alloy steels for H2Scontaining environments in oil and gas production. Generally, HIC susceptibility, such as crack length ratio (CLR), is evaluated after the test duration, typically 96 hours, in accordance with NACE TM0284. However, HIC propagation behavior during HIC test has not been fully understood. In this study, a new in-situ HIC measurement method has been developed in order to observe HIC propagation behavior. This technique is based on the combination of an automatic ultrasonic wave inspection system and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. HIC propagation rate and HIC propagation behavior of carbon steels with different texture were investigated in various environments, using this technique. Texture components of tested steels were changed by rolling proc




Equalization Currents and Metallic IR Drop: Impediments to True Potential Measurements

Daniel Fingas, Derek Leach, JeanPatrick Boudreault - Recent closeinterval potential surveys have raised concerns about the accuracy of potential measurements on some older pipelines. Two significant sources of error were identified: metallic IR-drops and equalization currents. These resulted in measured on and off potentials which differed by hundreds of millivolts from the true potentials, even though the measurements were conducted in accordance with industry best practice. Examples of these phenomena will be discussed and the electrical theory will be explained. Both interrupted test post surveys and close-interval potential surveys are susceptible and these errors can be difficult to detect. This can have a significant impact on interpretation of survey data, External Corrosion Direct Assessments, and remedial program decisions. Guidance for identifying when these issues may be relevant and methods for detecting and compensating for these issues will be provided. Keywords: c




Impact of Wash Water Chloe Lins, Joanna Folse, Bruce Injection on Corrosion Control Copple, Gillian Sayegh, Melissa in a Gas Recovery Unit Meneses, Cesar Espinoza, Sudhakar Mahajanam Continuous wash water injection in gas recovery units (GRU) has always been recognized as a best practice method for corrosion control. Among other properties, wash water injection in these systems traps cyanides and carries them away along with the stream, thereby efficiently reducing the negative impact of cyanides on the system. The main damage mechanisms likely to impact GRUs are sour water corrosion (SWC), hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking (SOHIC). All these damage mechanisms are closely related to the presence of H2S in an aqueous environment. Presence of cyanides in the system exacerbates these corrosion and cracking tendencies, since cyanides are known to inhibit the combination of atomic hydrogen to form hydrogen (H2) gas. If this reaction does not take place, the steel wall becomes saturated with atomic hydrogen – the per




Finite element modeling of cathodic protection for wellcasing through seawater, sea mud and rock

Min Du, Rongjie Gao, Dan Yang, Shouzhi Han, Huanhuan Wang The over-long well casing through the seawater, sea mud and rock, which is in severe corrosion environment and cathodic protection is valid protection method. The numerical model of cathodic protection for the complex condition , which is in the uneven environment, is more important and difficult for optimal design. The paper built a cathodic protection finite-element modeling for wellcasing by simulative experiment, boundary conditions discussion and analysis and provided an important reference for the optimal design of cathodic protection for well-casing through seawater, sea mud and rock.




Use of electro chemical method to determine biocide efficiencies of peracid solutions

Ramakrishnan Balasubramanian, Yolanda De-Abreu, Yingrui Zhang, valenstein justin, li Junzhong, Staub Richard, Lange Steven Peracids are multifunctional chemistries that are an equilibrium mix between the organic acid and peroxide. Peracids are widely used as biocides in oil and gas, food and beverage, health care and other industries. In addition to its use as a biocide, peracids are often used for iron sulfide scale dissolution, hydrogen sulfide control. The performance of peracids as a biocide is dependent on many factors. These factors include the presence of other oxidizable species, temperatures as well as the metallurgy of the treatment setup. In addition, the salinity of the treated water also plays a significant role in determining the biocidal efficiency of peracids. In this paper we discuss the factors that affect the biocidal performance of peracids using electrochemical methods and identify critical pitting temperatures for each of the metallurgies under various treat




Development of low application temperature coating systems for steel pipelines

Dennis Wong, Catherine Lam, Peter Singh Coating systems for the corrosion protection of buried steel pipelines extensively use Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) either as a standalone coating or as the base layer in dual or multi-layer coatings. The application of these systems in a coating plant generally requires heating of the steel pipe to temperatures in excess of C, followed by cooling back to ambient after a coating cure time. Although, this thermal cycle occurs for a short duration, it has been shown to affect the strain aging behavior of the steel with a more significant effect on higher strength grades. A desirable attribute to the application of these coatings is to lower the application temperature, preferably to less than C due to: (1) grades of steel such as X100 and X120 cannot be heated above C for long durations without significant change to their stressstrain behavior that is critical in strain based pipeline design; (2) difficulty in heating heavy wall pipe




Successful Implementation of a Corrosion Management Strategy by Online Injection of Vapor Phase Corr

Asad Al Ghafri, Jayant Nair, Naif Abri, Abdulaziz Al Hamdi, Latifa Al Shibli The API 650 Oil storage tanks in the refinery have experienced accelerated corrosion from the soil side at the rate of 1-2mm/year primarily due to inefficiency of the impressed current cathodic protection system and underdeposit corrosion caused by the presence of corrosive bacteria in the soil (detailed failure analysis presented in NACE Paper # C2017-9025). This has caused failure of several tank bottom plates within 8 years of commissioning resulting in loss of primary containment. With no other means of corrosion control from the soil side, the priority was to apply a short term stratagem by which the corrosion rate is substantially slowed and enable the refinery to distribute these tank turnarounds across as many years as possible. If this is not achieved then a large number of tanks might be expected to perforate in any given year overwhelming refinery maintenance and disrupting operations. The shor




Microstructural Control for Sour Service Drill Pipe Riser

Rodrigo Barreto, Robert Badrak, William Howie, Annelise Zeemann, Guilherme Emygdio, Carlos Henrique Fontes, RODRIGO SPADINGER, Joao luiz Santos, RICARDO RODRIGUES Drill pipe risers (DPR) with high SSC resistance are designed and fabricated to suit subsea completion and early production operations in sour environments (H2S). DPR fabricated through friction welding of high strength low alloy steels as hot rolled (mother pipe) and as forged (tool joint) parts, have been successfully used. Although the requirements for a good behavior in sour service include material low hardness which may be difficult to obtain on high strength quenched and tempered steel; it has been engineered by the manufacturer a superior combination of chemistry, friction welding and heat treatment parameters, qualified to meet both mechanical and corrosion resistance requirements for this critical application. This paper presents results of the testing qualification process imposed to drill pipe riser welds to




Experimental Setup to Study the Effect of Pulse Width Modulated Signal on ICCP System

JOFFIN GEORGE Cathodic Protection is a unique technique to control corrosion of metal by making the subject metal as the cathode of an electrochemical cell. Here the metal to be protected, referred to as cathode, is electrically connected to an easily corroded metal, referred to as sacrificial metal or galvanic anode. The chemical reaction taking place in an electrochemical cell causes the cathode to be protected and anode to disintegrate. For larger structures and where electrolytes have high resistivity, the potential difference between cathode and galvanic anode is not enough to generate sufficient current required for the protection of cathode. In such cases impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems are used instead of galvanic anode systems. ICCP systems makes use of an external steady state direct current (DC) power source or a transformer rectifier (TR) to provide the required cathodic protection current. ICCP systems with steady state DC is used since 1950’s. Thi




Case Studies of Amine Sweetening Corrosion Incidents

Eric Teletzke, James Daughtry Aqueous alkanolamine regenerative solvent systems have been widely used to remove CO2 and H2S in refineries, gas processing plants, chemical plants, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production facilities for over five decades. Industry advances in amine chemistry and equipment design have greatly reduced the corrosion risks in amine systems compared to the early monoethanolamine (MEA) systems employed in the 1950’s, however, some corrosion risks remain. Corrosion threatens the integrity of plant equipment and places plant personnel at risk of chemical exposure and injury. Downtime, lost production, and equipment repairs resulting from corrosion cost the oil and gas industry over 1 billion dollars annually. Corrosion in amine systems due to high acid gas loadings and oxygen degradation products have been well documented in industry literature, but there are other causes of corrosion in amine systems which can have similarly destructive results. This



Well Casing CP - Design Issues & Case History

Jeffrey Didas - This paper will discuss various design issues with well casing CP. The paper will also have a case history or two dealing with design issues and what solutions were available and utilized.




The pitting corrosion behavior of carbon steel in presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria under H2S

ma lei, xie feng In this paper, API-RP38 culture medium was used to cultured sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) which isolated from the oilfield water .SRB Test-bottle was use to detect SRB growth,The topography of SRB was observed by SEM , Corrosion behaviors were analyzed by electrochemical and weight loss methods .The results of corrosion weight loss show that the corrosion speed of carbon steel accelerates apparently after the inoculation of SRB. The priority is given to spot corrosion in the corrosion morphology. The field working condition weight loss experiments in simulation oil field find that severe spot corrosions take place on the condition of SRB. Further researches show that bacteria absorbed on the samples can survive on the condition that there are high H2S and degrees of mineralization.,The fact that severe SRB corrosions take place with many factors that are against the growth of SRB is explained. The results of polarization curve show that with H2S and the existence




Scaling-resistant coatings for high temperature sour gas service

Lawrence Kool, Chang Fakuen, Nidal Ghizawi, Qilang Wang, Hui Zhu, Noel Ginest Background: Iron sulfide scaling is one of the primary causes of impairment of gas production in deep sour reservoirs in Saudi Arabia. The wells are typically acid fractured and completed with carbon steel tubing. The combination of corrosion of tubes caused by H2S and iron dissolved from the tubes during the acidizing process at high temperature, though inhibited, leads to significant scaling issues. This scale in tubulars can cause significant production losses and also restricts well access for surveillance and intervention operations. A fundamental solution, therefore, is required to prevent iron sulfide scale formation and deposition along downhole tubulars. Objective: One cost-effective approach to mitigating scaling in downhole tubing is to develop highperformance coatings for carbon steel tubing. This paper presents the development of novel coating materials and methods and evaluation of their




Field cathodic protection study in the specific artic conditions of the Yamal gas carrier terminal p

-HDQ9LWWRQDWR1LFRODV/DUFKp Erwan Diler For most projects, cathodic protection (CP) design can be performed using CP standards or existing data from literature and field feed-back. It was not the case for the particular environment of the YAMAL gas carrier terminal project, planned in Sabetta (SiberiaFederation of Russia). This particular area is located between the artic sea and a river mouth in Yamal peninsula. It involves very different conditions in terms of salinity, temperature, liquid/ice phases, all depending on icing/deicing seasons and on the water depth. These very specific conditions can hardly be simulated at laboratory scale and required a specific corrosion and CP study with measurements on site. The global aim of this quantitative study was to collect field data to help at defining an adapted corrosion protection system for carbon steel immerged structure (e. g. berths), and to forecast the related corrosion risks. Regarding the extreme conditions of the site,




The Effect of Gas-Liquid Flow and Inhibitor Concentration on Corrosion in CO2 Absorption Process.

Takaomi Tsugawa, Shouichi Tamura, Takao Ohtsu There are several types of CO2 absorption process. Particularly in the process with hot potassium carbonate solution, corrosion inhibitor is added to prevent corrosion of carbon steel process equipment. However, the beneficial effect of the inhibitor may not work in some cases because of the process condition. In this study, the effect of gas-liquid flow and inhibitor concentration on corrosion of carbon steel was evaluated by laboratory experiment. The result of this experiment implied that even if there was enough amount of inhibitor in the solution, corrosion had occurred at the area of the specimen where the solution was not enough provided. In addition, the black scale consisting of ferrous carbonate on the surface of specimen has locally removed in the gas-rich and liquidlean conditions. These results accord with the cause of damage observed on actual commercial plant. From the above, this study revealed the significance of con




Costs and Benefits of Systematic Corrosion Control for a Major Municipality

Andrew Fuller, Mark Lanham For the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, data from years of site corrosivity testing informs infrastructure investments. Standard practices, including voltage gradient testing on all projects near a potential stray current source, provide a consistent source of information throughout the network. These measures inform mitigation efforts, producing numerous benefits which are projected to compound over time. The costs and benefits for implementing these measures are explored here. With attention to how awareness of corrosion impacts evaluation, design, and construction processes. Including an analysis of data on CP for new pipelines compared with replacing existing protection.




Role of Microstructure in the Susceptibility of X42 ERW Linepipe to CO2 Preferential Weld Corrosion

Robert Muggleton, Paul Linhardt, Gerald Zehethofer Preferential Weld Corrosion of X42 Longitudinally Welded Linepipe in CO2 Environments: Zero Resistance Ammetry inside Stirring Autoclave Microstructural heterogeneities introduced by the longitudinal welding process in electric resistance welded linepipe increases the susceptibility to preferential weld corrosion (PWC) in CO2 environments. While the autogenous welding process reduces chemical composition gradients, microstructural variations are still present between the weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and base metal (BM). Depending on alloy content and heat treatment, several chemically similar yet microstructurally different zones can be present. In this work, the ability of these zones to establish galvanic cells was studied using zero resistance ammetry inside a stirring autoclave. Investigations of grade X42 linepipe from four different manufacturers with up to five different microstructural zones showed a cl




Effect of Soil and Disbondment Configuration on CP Penetration into Coating Disbondment

Li Yan, Jean-Philippe Gravel, Muhammad Arafin The most effective method to mitigate corrosion on the external surface of a buried pipeline is to utilize a protective coating supplemented by cathodic protection (CP). Ideally, these two systems work together so that if the coating disbonds or has defects allowing ground water solution to contact the pipe steel surface the CP system will continue to function to protect the pipeline. The success of this approach greatly depends on the nature of coating failures. It is commonly accepted that CP can only provide corrosion protection to the pipe with coating failures if sufficient CP current is able to reach the exposed pipe steel. For instance, if CP current can penetrate into a coating disbondment, then corrosion related damages may be prevented. Otherwise, the exposed pipe steel could be susceptible to corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking. Due to this very reason, disbondment of pipe coatings, especially, coatings with high




Interactions Between Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors and Cathodic Protection

Khalil Abed, Calvin Pynn There is a growing industrial interest in supplementing cathodic protection systems against soil-side corrosion on storage tank bottoms with volatile corrosion inhibitors, where volatile corrosion inhibitors provide protection in areas where cathodic current doesn’t reach or gets shielded. The study investigated the compatibility and interactions between different volatile corrosion inhibitor chemistries and impressed current cathodic protection system using differential oxygen concentration cell. A number of commercially available volatile corrosion inhibitor chemistries were investigated in terms of their effect on cathodic current requirement to mitigate differential aeration corrosion and polarization characteristics of protected structure.




Validation of DNV RP F112 for Managing Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) in Super Duplex Stain

Roberto Morana, Lee Smith, Kasra Sotoudeh, smith simon - Validation of DNV RP F112 for Managing Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC) in Super Duplex Stainless Steel for Subsea Applications Ferritic-austenitic (duplex and superduplex) stainless steels are an attractive option for subsea equipment and connecting spools where the internal corrosion threats can be difficult to manage using corrosion inhibition and in-line inspection. However, whilst these materials are advantageous for managing internal corrosion, they still require external cathodic protection (CP) to prevent localised corrosion in seawater at typical operating temperatures. This CP results in hydrogen charging of the duplex stainless steel, either at uncoated locations or in locations where the coating has lost integrity. In the presence of a critical hydrogen concentration, all duplex and super duplex stainless steels are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, via a cracking mechanism commonly referred to as HISC: i




Risk Based Subsea Inspection Cicilie Mathisen - FORCE Planning and Corrosion Technology have more than 20 Management. years experience within corrosion management, and are applying our ODWHVWWRRO)L*6WRUHYROXWLRQL]H subsea CP inspection. Moving away from today’s scheme where operators are performing periodic inspections EDVHGRQIL[HGLQWHUYDOV)L*6 data combined with FORCE Technology in-house CP computer modelling software, SeaCorr™, provide our clients with status and life expectancy of the CP systems, opening up for a risk based approach to subsea inspection planning and corrosion management. The technology combined with FORCE Technology’s experience and expertise in the field of corrosion management, provide the operators full overview of the integrity of their subsea fields, and deliver the status and confidence needed to make qualified and cost effective decisions in order to be ahead of unforeseen scenarios in the operational phase. The paper will present a recent case ZKHUHZHKDYHXVHG)L*6GDWD and SeaCorr™ to make an optimized




Sour Gas Plant Corrosion in the Presence of Elemental Sulfur

Tracey Jackson, Jason Moses, Donald Stegmann - A sour gas plant was experiencing high corrosion and fouling from aggressive corrosion conditions (F, 170 psi pH2S, 280 psi pCO2) including the presence of elemental sulfur (0.1 wt%). The current chemical program appeared to be ineffective. The operators wanted a new chemical program including a new corrosion inhibitor (CI) and possibly a new wetting agent (WA) to help control corrosion and fouling. The improvement study was completed using 40 individual wheel bomb runs. Wheel bomb studies were performed using room temperature gas loading based on aqueous calculations to achieve the desired pressures at temperature. The testing looked at the impact of temperature, two wetting agents, eight different CI products, three CI concentrations, and use of different types of elemental sulfur (granular and powdered). The results showed that based on the screening data and confirmed by the final selection runs, the wetting agent was m




Corrosion of Casing Vapor Recovery System in Steam Flooding Operation

Kehinde Ogun The objective of this paper was to evaluate corrosion problems in casing vapor recovery system from a production field utilizing steam recovery processes with a view of determining the optimum corrosion management approach considering routine maintenance, corrosion mitigation, inspections, material selection and cost effective solutions. Aqueous corrosion issues in gas gathering and transmission lines are not new to Oil and Gas production and pipeline operators. Produced gas naturally contains CO2, H2S and oxygen as the principal corrosives with the composition of the corrosives varying throughout the life of the reservoir due to shifting formation chemistry and other souring mechanisms such as microbiological activities. Water vapor is produced with the formation fluid or introduced into the formation through enhanced recovery methods such as steam flooding. Erosion-Corrosion effect resulting from corrosion byproducts specifically ‘Black Iron Powder’ was also evaluat




Mo Mediated Corrosion Behaviour of 1 Cr - Carbon Steel in Sweet Medium under Hydrodynamic Condition

Mobbassar Hassan, Aboubakr Abdullah, Monika Ko, Bridget Ingham, Nicholas Laycock, Mary Ryan, David Willams [email protected] 2018 meeting Mo Mediated Corrosion Behaviour of 1 Cr - Carbon Steel in Sweet Medium under Hydrodynamic Condition M Hassan Ska, A M Abdullaha, M Kob, B Inghamc, N Laycockd, M.P Ryane, D E Williamsf a Center for Advanced Materials, CAM, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar b Quest Integrity Group, PO Box 38 -096, Lower Hutt 5045, New Zealand c Callaghan Innovation Research Ltd, PO Box 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand d Qatar Shell GTL, Doha 3747, Qatar e Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road London, SW7 2BP, United Kingdom fSchool of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1022, New Zealand Keywords: Micro-alloying, CO2 corrosion, Flow effect, RDE, Plain carbon steel, Cr-Mo steel. Amongst the various alloying HOHPHQWV&UPLFURDOOR\LQJ‫ޒ‬2 wt. %) has been found to be most effective in improving the dur




Study of Repetitive Failure of a Gas/Gas Heat Exchanger

Yousef Khuraibut, Sandip Kuthe A Gas/Gas shell and tube heat exchanger had failed repeatedly over the years. To investigate the cause of this repetitive failure, detailed visual inspection, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and ICP analyses of a piece of Shell plate and pieces of tube from a recently scrapped gas/gas heat exchanger, plus chemical analyses of deposits from the tube and shell side were carried out. The investigation showed that corrosion products, consisting of particles of several forms of iron oxides, sulfides, and carbonates that form the basis for the black powder phenomenon, along with sulfur deposits had resulted in the blockage of the Gas/Gas shell & tube heat exchanger, as well as under deposit corrosion. Based on the location of sulfur deposits and the pressure drops in the down streams as well as the temperature reduction, De-sublimation of sulfur appeared to be the most plausible reason for the deposition of sulfur deposits and blockages in the exchanger. The inci




The Concept of Research, Modelling, and Lab Studies to Improve the Effectiveness of CMS

Abdulaziz AlMathami Corrosion management systems (CMS) have been developed for a variety of oil and gas assets. The scheme of each CMS differs from one organization to another, but principally all should contain the same essential elements: Integrity Review Processes (inspections, monitoring, and mitigations requirements), Management Strategy & Documentation, Implementation/Assessment of Corrosion Management Performance, Life Cycle Management of Learning and Continuous Improvement. Improper implementation of CMS, by not adequately identifying and assessing possible corrosion root causes and risks during the Integrity Review Process, is one of the main reasons for corrosion failures. Life cycle management of learning and continuous improvement often depends only on learning from asset failures, which cannot fully comprehend and evaluate complex root causes of typically chaotic corrosion processes. In this work, we suggest and present a new scheme of CMS with an additional element




HSLA material design and its susceptibility to cracking during acidic stimulation jobs in Shale well

Gustavo Kissner High Strength Low Alloy material design for P110 pipes and its susceptibility to cracking under extreme conditions during hydraulic fracture stimulations in Shale’s wells. Authors : Carlos Blanc* , Gustavo Kissner*, Guillermo Echaniz*, Maria Jose Cancio* Hydraulic fracturing treatments in unconventional wells increase stress levels in API couplings and have been one of the key contributing factors that caused many costly failures seen in the field in the recent years. The combination of these overstressed connections, material susceptibility and presence of hydrogen have led to a Hydrogen stress cracking phenomenon, with brittle longitudinal cracks in the couplings. This paper presents the results of an experimental work done with different P110 materials under high levels of stress in a very demanding environment that is created by a solution of HCl acid with different levels of inhibition. The analyzed conditions were simulated for short time intervals, in




Failure Analysis of Gas Separator Cooler Tube Leak during service after passing Inspection test duri

Muazu Mohammed, Mohamud Farah Failure Analysis of Gas Separator Cooler Tube Leak during service after passing Inspection test during Turn-Around Inspection [Mohamud M. Farah PhD, Weatherford Kuwait for Petroleum Services, P.O. Box 26258 Kuwait] [ M. Mohammed SADAF A SABIC Affiliate P.O. Box 10270 Jubail 31961 Saudi Arabia] Failure analysis is performed by most companies in the oil and gas industries; to identify the cause of failure and to institute mitigation strategy to avoid any future occurrence. Localised corrosion is one of the difficult damage mechanisms to manage in the oil and gas sector, material selection is often used as mitigation against this treat. Generally most Nickel-based alloys have shown excellent pitting corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties for extended service; these are selected for services where localised corrosion such as pitting corrosion threat is predicted on case by case basis. There are variance of Nickel-based alloys with different




LONG-TERM FIELD TESTING OF CATHODIC PROTECTION EQUIPMENT IN SOIL AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT

Andrey Goncharov, Andrey Valyushok, Anton Zamyatin, Nikolai Skuridin Corrosion protection in soil and marine envirnment conventionally involves protective coatings and cathodic protection devices (anodes and referfence electrodes). In order to select proper technical solutions for cathodic protection of Transneft facilities, long-term field testing of reference electrodes and anodes are carried out. The experimental set-up was constructed and commissioned on Transneft Facilities in Port Kozmino (marine) and in Ural region (in soils). The testing includes multiple models of anodes and reference electrodes. The types of anodes under investigation are silicon-iron, magnetite, conductive polymer, and Ti-based anodes (with Pt and MMO coatings). The tested reference electrodes are coppersulphate, Ag/AgCl, zinc, and bimetallic reference electrodes. The basic parameters of reference electrodes and anodes will be evaluated. The remote monitoring system is applied for control of currents a




Corrosion of High Entropy Alloys in Molten Salts

Vilupanur Ravi, B. Murty, Jared Logier, Alexander Jalbuena, Shaik Adil High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are a new class of multicomponent alloys that contain five or more elements in equal or nearequal amounts in atomic percent, resulting in extraordinary mechanical properties. Turbine blades are one of many potential applications for HEAs. In gas turbine environments, at temperatures in the C range, a thin molten eutectic salt film consisting of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate forms on the surface of the turbine blades resulting in accelerated corrosion underneath this film. This type of corrosion (Type II hot corrosion) can eventually lead to engineering failure. Understanding the corrosion behavior of HEAs in the presence of these salts would therefore be relevant for this application. In this study, coupons of a multicomponent AlCoCrFeNi alloy and selected nickel-base superalloys were exposed to a molten NaClNa2SO4 eutectic salt mixture at 700, 750 and C in the pres




Modeling Mineral Scaling in Oil and Gas Environments up to Ultra High Pressures and Temperatures

Andre Anderko, Ronald Springer, Malgorzata Lencka, Peiming Wang Mineral scale prediction is an important tool for effective scale management in oil and gas flow assurance. Accurate prediction of scale formation is particularly challenging at high temperatures and pressures that are encountered as the industry develops progressively deeper and overpressured reservoirs. To address the need to predict scaling at conditions ranging from ambient to extreme, a comprehensive thermodynamic model has been developed. This model has been designed to represent the solubility of scaling minerals at temperatures up to C and pressures up to 25,000 psia. The model is based on the previously developed MixedSolvent Electrolyte (MSE) thermodynamic framework and relies on a detailed treatment of speciation in the liquid phase. It represents the standard-state properties of individual species using the Helgeson-KirkhamFlowers equation of state and it predicts the species activity coefficients by




Mild steel corrosion behavior in a CO2-H2O-CHOOH environment

Molatelo Thebe, Roelof Sandenbergh, Deon Slabbert, Werner ernst The corrosion behavior of mild steel in a gas reforming CO2-H2OCHOOH environment at high temperature and pressure (C; 3500KPa) was studied using established electrochemical theories, laboratory tests, published electrochemical models and online corrosion monitoring techniques to present a scientific understanding of the key processes underlying its occurrence. Corrosion control measures in this environment including use of materials with higher corrosion resistance than mild steel, chemical conditioning of the environment through pH stabilization, dosing of ammines (neutralizing and/or filming) and organic surfactants were investigated (merits and demerits). Keywords—ammines; CO2 corrosion; formic acid; inhibitor; organic surfactants




Material selection and recent case histories with nickel alloys

Helena Alves Materials of construction for the chemical process industry (CPI) must resist uniform corrosion and have sufficient resistance to localized corrosion as pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. Corrosion data from the literature and corrosion tables are not sufficient for material selection for chemical plants. Simulated corrosion testing in the laboratory, testing in pilot or reference plant is necessary for validation. Which standard tests are helpful and how to use and interpret their results is another aspect to consider. In addition, further aspects like mechanical stability, fabricability, safety, testing, cost efficiency, etc. have to be considered in the process of material selection so that at the end the material properties match the requested material profile in the best way. Over the past 50 years, improvements in alloy metallurgy, melting technology, and thermo mechanical processing, along with a better fundamental understanding of the r




Performance of Nickel Alloy UNS N06625 Welds in Supercritical H2S Environment

Shiladitya Paul, Henry Begg - This paper presents environmental performance data on welded nickel alloy under high temperature, high pressure, ‘ultra-sour’ conditions. Welded coupons of nickel alloy UNS N06625 were subjected to three levels of nominal stress at &$100 bar. As an initial assessment of the effects of O2, H2O and SO2 on oxidation in a CO2 environment, 500 h experiments were conducted at 1 and 25 bar at and C in CO2, CO2+10%H2O and CO2+10%H2O+0.1%SO2. Representative structural alloys S30409, N07230, N07208 and superalloy 247 were exposed and the reaction products characterized after each exposure. Research sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Crosscutting Research Program.




Inorganic Lead Sulfide (PbS) Scale Behaviour and Deposition as a Function of pH in Multiphase

William keogh, Thibaut Charpentier, Anne Neville, Violette Eroini, John Olsen, Frank Nielsen, Salima Baraka-Lokmane, Jon-Arne Ellingsen - Formation and build-up of mineral scale on downhole completion equipment contributes to significant downtime and loss of production within the oil and gas industry. HT/HP North Sea fields have reported deposition of unconventional lead sulfide (PbS) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) scales as a consequence of reservoir souring; and the resultant reaction of dissociated sulfide anions and metal cations. Through design of novel testing apparatus to simulate the generation of scale under turbulent emulsion-forming multiphase conditions, the behaviour of PbS particles at the oil/water interface and subsequent adhesion onto antifouling surfaces was measured at a range of buffered pH values. Previous studies have shown that the presence of a light oil phase has a significant influence on particle behaviour and deposition of both heterogeneously and homogeneously pre




Study of Inhibitor Film Persistency with Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) Technique

Omar Yepez, Nihal Obeyesekere, Jonathan Wylde Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT) technique is normally used to measure the breakdown of passive layers on corrosion resistant alloys. A large oxidative potential, typically +720 mV vs. Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE) is imposed on a metal surface. Then, the reaction temperature is increased from 0&XQWLOD breakdown of the metallic passive layer occurs. This breakdown is observed as an abrupt increase in the current. For example, in the case of UNS S31600, the failure of its metallic passive layer occurs around 12&7KHKLJKFXUUHQWREVHUYHGLV due to localized corrosion occurring where the layer broke. Similarly, an inhibited surface will be stable under an oxidative potential, until the inhibitor film breaks. In this paper we report that the inhibitor film behaves similar to a metallic passive layer. After imposing -625 mV vs. SCE on UNS G10180 in the presence of an inhibitor, the reaction temperature was increased and an abru




Understanding Film Persistency using Adsorption and Desorption Studies

Sunder Ramachandran, Carlos Menendez, Zhengwei Liu - The film persistence of a product is an important factor in the assessment of availability requirements for a corrosion inhibitor in a given system. Corrosion inhibitors that have film persistence can allow the safe operation of a corrosive oil and gas system for some time period when corrosion inhibitor injection is interrupted. Successful batch corrosion inhibition occurs when significant corrosion inhibition occurs when corrosion inhibitor is not present in the bulk phase. In this paper corrosion inhibitor tests are carried out at different temperatures and are interpreted using Langmuir adsorption and desorption. Some tests are conducted under different conditions of shear. Studying corrosion inhibitor performance and fitting the behavior with Langmuir adsorption and desorption allows a better determination of safe operating envelopes of a system when corrosion inhibitor injection is interrupted. The tests aid the development of




Impacts of Impurities SO2 and Yimin Zeng H2S on Corrosion of sc-CO2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the Pipe Steels primary notorious greenhouse gas which is being increasingly emitted to our ecosystem as a result of various human activities. Albeit increasing energy efficiency and using less carbon energy sources are good options, novel technology development aiming for the capture, transport and storage of CO2 will greatly improve the environmental performance of the existing fossil fuel based industry. Among proposed methods, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is the most promising technology available today for utilising fossil fuels as reliable energy resources while significantly. Pipeline transportation is the most cost-effective and relatively safe solution in the context of CCS, as it can transport large amounts of CO2 under predetermined and controlled conditions. Pure and dry sc-CO2 has no threat to pipeline integrity from the corrosion point of view. Depending on CO2 sources and applied capture/separation technologies, however, the transported sc-




Internal Corrosion Monitoring Ruishu Feng, Margaret Ziomekin Natural Gas Pipelines using Moroz, Paul Ohodnicki - Internal Fe Thin Film Coated Optics corrosion can occur in the pipelines when aqueous electrolytes are present in the natural gas transmission pipelines. The contaminants such as Cl-, CO2, and H2S make the electrolytes very corrosive. To develop an optical sensor for the internal corrosion monitoring in natural gas transmission pipelines, Fe thin film of different thicknesses (25, 50, 100 nm) deposited on optical substrates were tested in CO2-saturated 3.5 wt % NaCl solutions with pH from 4 to 8 at 30 oC. The effects of CO2 and pH on the corrosion behavior of Fe thin films were studied using in situ spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods. The spectrophotometric result in terms of optical transmission through the Fe thin film was used as a measure for corrosion degradation in different environments. Surface analysis using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was performed on the corroded Fe thin film samples. Scanning vibrati




Case Study: Corrosion Susceptibility of Pipelines in Trenchless Installations

Michael Snow, Amanda Harmon, Len Krissa, Karen Crippen - It is a standard practice to use a coating system as the primary defense in preventing external corrosion on pipelines (1). Additionally, pipelines installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD), also require special coatings which have high abrasion resistance to minimize damage during pull through (2). However, given the aggressive nature of the installation method, some degree of compromised coating is inevitable. It is speculated that corrosion at the coating holidays will be suppressed through application of cathodic protection (CP). Considering the uncertainty of effective CP at HDD’s, it is important to be proactive and consider additional measures to prevent any detrimental effects that the HDD drilling fluid may have on the pipeline. Being proactive supports the development of leading practices and reinforces a focus on safe operation and improved safety performance. The external corrosion potential of pipeline




Evaluating Polymer Based Materials Pipeline for Large Solids Particles Applications

Kofi Freeman Adane, Aaron Fuhr, Ben Fotty Slurry pipeline systems are used for the extraction of bitumen from mined ore in the oil sands industry. The handling and processing of slurry results in significant pipe wall material losses or wear. These losses are attributed to the combined effects of erosion and corrosion due to the exposure of pipe wall materials to an aerated mixture of solids (mostly silica), bitumen and water. In an attempt to mitigate this issue, oil sands mined operators have adopted polymer based pipe liner. While success has been achieved in some of the slurry applications, for some systems, their wear rates are either similar or worse than carbon steel. There are ongoing research works to understand the reason(s) behind their mixed wear resistance property. To contribute to the understanding of the above-mentioned challenge, an attempt was made to perform preliminary tests to evaluate polymer based pipe liners in a pilotscale slurry flow loop. The main focus




Fatigue and Static Crack Growth Rate response of C110 under CP using a single specimen methodology

Ashwini Chandra, Feng Gui, Ramgopal Thodla A novel single specimen methodology based on fracture mechanics approach was developed to characterize environmentally assisted fatigue and static crack growth rate (CGR) response of C110 grade OCTG material under cathodic polarization (CP) simulating sea-bed conditions (3.5wt% NaCl at pH 8.2 and F) for external flaws. The primary source of fatigue loading is associated with the start-up and shut-downs, with long hold periods in-between during which static crack growth could occur. Fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) measurements were performed on the same specimen over a few frequencies at different stress intensity factor ranges ǻK) values. Sub-critical CGR was measured on the same specimen by transitioning from fatigue loading conditions to static hold mode by introducing periodic holds of increasing time at the highest stress ratio before transitioning into absolute static hold mode at Kmax of the test. This is believed to simulate po




Stress Corrosion Cracking failure of Nickel Titanium alloy under thermomechanical treatment and forw

Mahdi Mohajeri, Behrouz Haghgouyan, Homero Castaneda, Dimitris C. Lagoudas The effect of change in microstructural phase in Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of the equiatomic Nickel-Titanium alloy (NiTi alloy) is studied in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The in microstructural phase of NiTi change either with thermal cycling or mechanical loading. Thermogravimetric measurement versus temperature is perfumed to obtain forward and reverse martensitic transformation temperatures. A conventional electrochemical Avesta cell is used to study corrosion behavior of NiTi alloy with different microstructures under thermal cycling without mechanical loading. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry measurements are used to study corrosion behavior during martensitic transformation. Tensile characterization is performed by testing dog-bone specimen under uniaxial loading. Test is carried out at a temperature above austenite finish, Af, assuring austenitic state at zero lo




Critical Micelle Concentration and CO2 Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Quaternary Amines

Xiaoji Li, Sandeep Chawla, Jose Vera, William Durnie, Richard Woollam Rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) methodology with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement was applied to study the inhibition behavior of quaternary amine surfactants on CO2 corrosion of X65 carbon steel. The test program, consisting of 50 tests, investigated the inhibition performance of quaternary amines as a function of the number of carbon (C12, C14, C16, and a mixture), salinity (0.1%, 1%, 10% wt. NaCl), and temperature (C, C, C). Corrosion rate as a function of inhibitor dosage was determined for each test condition defined by carbon number, salinity, and temperature. The inhibitor dosages were proposed based on a series of proportional CMC (critical micelle concentration) values that were determined from a parallel study on Pt electrode using a variety of other methodologies. Based on corrosion rate data, the concentration of maximum adsorption (CMA), surface coverage, and ads




Effect of flow and microstructure on the formation of FeCO3

Maria Di Bonaventura, Srdjan Nesic, Marc Singer, Bruce Brown Iron carbonate (FeCO3) is a protective layer that forms on the surface of the steel as a by-product of CO2 corrosion. This layer acts as a diffusion barrier for corrosive species, thus slowing down and ultimately impeding further corrosion. However, the combined effect of flow and material microstructure on the formation of iron carbonate has not been well documented. In this research, two materials were used to determine the effect of microstructure on the formation of iron carbonate: API 5L X65 (0.05 wt.% C) with a ferrite and Fe3C precipitates microstructure and UNS G10180 (0.18 wt.% C) with either a ferriticpearlitic or a tempered martensitic microstructure. FeCO3 formation and retention of Fe3C on steel surface were investigated in experiments in a three-electrode glass cell under controlled water chemistry conditions. Experiments were performed using two different impeller rotational speeds for five days. SEM, EDS an




Behavior of High-Temperature Materials in SulphurContaining Steam Cracking Conditions

Dietlinde Jakobi, Peter Karduck Radiant coils in steam-cracking furnaces operate under severe reducing and oxidizing conditions at temperatures even beyond 1100& Sulphur is present in feedstocks as natural constituent (naphtha cracking) or as deliberate addition (ethane cracking), and can influence the coke formation and also the stability of tube materials. The influence of sulphur as H2Saddition on the stability or degradation of tube materials and on the coke formation was studied. The investigated samples were alumina forming- as well as from chromia-forming alloys taken from conventional radiant tubes. In a laboratory-scale reactor comparative cracking-decoking tests were applied to the samples. Testing conditions were relevant to industrial steam cracking ans Sulphur was added as H2S either to the steam (pre-sulfidation), or/and as continuous addition to the synthetic feed. Sample temperature could be varied during cracking up to 1100 QEVS& The influence of pre-sulfidatio




Some considerations on the use of coupon under stray direct traction current interference

Dezhi Tang, Du Yanxia, Shaosong Chen, Jie Liu, Minxu Lu - Coupons have been widely used to assess the cathodic protection level of buried metallic pipelines. Under stray direct traction current condition, however, the application of coupon techniques faces some challenges due to IR drop errors caused by the inherent stray current which cannot be interrupted. In this work, factors affecting the measurements of coupon polarization potential in the existence of stray direct traction current were investigated through field experiments. The results showed that the measured coupon polarization potential was significantly influenced by multiple parameters, such as polarization retention period, “instant-off” potential sampling delay, coupon burial depth, coupon-to-CSE interval, coupon metal area, and the proximity of groundbeds. Based on the experimental results, practical suggestions were proposed for improving the proper use of coupons under dynamic stray direct current interference.




On-line, Real Time Electrochemical Corrosion Monitoring in Low Conductive Fluids – Sulfolane Aromati

Slawomir Kus, Sridhar Srinivasan, Kwei Meng Yap, Hui Li, Violetta Kozik, Andrzej Bak, Paulina Dybal Electrochemical corrosion monitoring techniques like Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electrochemical Noise (ECN) or Harmonic Analysis are widely recognized as fast and accurate methods for determination of instantaneous corrosion rate. However, their field application has generally been limited by the need for a conductive, aqueous process environment. This limitation stems from the fact that electrochemical systems cannot provide reliable readings in fluids at conductance levels less than 10mS/cm due to significant impact of solution resistance on measured values of Polarisation Resistance (Rp). Recent progress in multi-technique electrochemical systems involving low frequency impedance and harmonic distortion analysis has been shown to overcome this limitation. The requirement in this case, often, is the need for appropriate adjustment of electrode area to accommodate stable




Effect of Corrosion Inhibitor Alkyl Tail Length on the Electrochemical Process Underlying CO2 Corros

Juan Dominguez Olivo, David Young, Bruce Brown, Srdjan Nesic Surfactant-type organic corrosion inhibitors are widely used in the oil and gas industry to mitigate the internal corrosion of pipelines. Their molecular structures are comprised of a polar head group and a non-polar alkyl tail with different lengths. Despite many researchers qualitatively associating the alkyl tail length of corrosion inhibitors to the corrosion mitigation efficiency, there has been a lack of systematic studies on this effect. Consequently, the goal of the current research was to relate inhibitor alkyl tail length to changes in activation energy of the electrochemical process associated with CO2 corrosion. Four different model compounds were synthesized and utilized to determine the effect of the alkyl tail length on the chemical activation energy of the electrochemical process underlying the CO2 corrosion of an API 5L X65 steel at pH 4.0. The molecular structures of the model compounds possessed the sam




Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Yoon-Seok Choi, Shokrollah Steel under Supercritical Hassani, Thanh Nam Vu, Srdjan CO2/H2S Environment Nesic, Ahmad Zaki Abas, Azmi Mohammed Nor, Muhammad Firdaus Suhor - The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of imidazoline-based corrosion inhibitors under supercritical CO2/H2S conditions. The experiments were carried out in a 7.5L autoclave with different combinations of CO2 partial pressure and temperature (8 MPa/25oC and 12 MPa/80oC) with 200 ppm H2S. The corrosion rate of samples was determined by electrochemical and weight loss measurements. The surface morphology and the composition of the corrosion product layers were analyzed by using surface analytical techniques (SEM and EDS). It was found that the addition of H2S in the system (12 MPa CO2, 80oC) reduced the corrosion rate from 90 mm/y to 6 mm/y, and the presence of inhibitor decreased corrosion rate even more. The target corrosion rate of less than 0.1 mm/y were achieved with 400 ppm of CI1 (imidazoline derivative). However, 400 ppm of CI4 (




Development and characterization of electroless Ni-P-superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocomposite coatings

Shuo Shuang, Jingli Luo, Hongbo Zeng, Chong Sun, Vahid Fattahpour, Mahdi Mahmoudi Electroless deposition of Ni-P coating is an autocatalytic reduction on metal surface, which has been widely used in many application fields due to its unique properties such as remarkably high hardness, wear resistance and exceptional corrosion resistance. However, there are still some structure defects in Ni-P matrix, enabling aggressive ions to reach substrate. Nanoparticles possess many wellknown and unique physical and chemical properties because of their quantum size effect. One of the most common methods to fill these defects is the addition of nanoparticles to plating solution, thereby improving the performance of Ni-P coating. In this regard, a NiP-superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocomposite coating was prepared by electroless deposition methods, modifying the typical Ni– P coating through the addition of different amounts of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The morphology, structure, corro




Intelligent internal elastomer coatings for steel pipes with integrated wear monitoring

Ali Sarvi, Nils Rentmeister, Larry Lai, Thorsten Raeth Slurry pipes often are exposed to strong wear at or around the 6 o’clock position. In oil sands hydrotransport and tailings, wear of steel pipes is much higher under erosion-corrosion conditions. Whilst a number of metallic wear protection solutions, e.g., alloys, hardened steels, or chromiumcarbide overlays can significantly extend useful life of such pipes, their protective effect can be severely reduced if erosioncorrosion conditions prevail. Internal coatings made from highperformance polyurethane elastomers often allow similar or somewhat longer life extension compared to such metallic solutions, at a much lower investment cost. Under erosioncorrosion conditions, however, these elastomer coatings last much longer than metallic solutions. Life extension factors of 2-10 have been observed in oil sands slurry lines. A former disadvantage of polymeric internal coatings was the fact that non-destructive testing and monito




Investigation and case study of composite repair performance at low temperatures on buried pipelines

Tim Mally - Composite repair systems composed of carbon fiber/epoxy composite materials can be affected by exposure to harsh environments. The vast majority of testing on composite repair systems to date has been to investigate the effects of high temperatures on composite performance. However, depending on the location and time of year, low temperatures can also play a big role in the performance of coatings and composite repairs on pipelines. Therefore, the effects of low temperature should also be tested to prove the reliability of the composite repair systems in low temperature environments. In response to this concern, the impact of exposure to a low temperature environment below -30oC (-22oF) was investigated on a carbon fiber and epoxy composite repair system that had previously been qualified to the ASME PCC-2 Article 4.1 nonmetallic repair standard. Tensile tests were performed in accordance with ASTM D3039 and 5 J impact and hydro tests were performed in accordance with ASM




Corrosion Behavior of Additively Manufactured Alloy N06210 in acidic solutions

Yuzo Daigo, Katsuo Sugahara, Syuhei Ogoshi, Kosuke Kuwabara Additively manufactured (AM) Alloy 718, Alloy 625 and Ti6Al4V have been drastically developed for turbine, sour gas and medical applications. Accordingly, corrosion properties of the alloys have lately been also investigated. However, there are few papers related to AM corrosion resistant alloys with over 70 points of pitting resistance equivalent number (PRE). These AM alloys are expected to be used for extremely corrosive environments such as chemical plants. In this paper, corrosion behavior of both wrought N06210 (PRE=82) and direct metal laser sintered (DMLS) N06210 is investigated with electrochemical techniques and immersion tests in various acidic solutions, which is compared with that of both wrought and DMSL S31603 for consideration. Moreover, relationship between corrosion properties and build direction of the DMLS alloys is investigated with these methods.




Effect of loading mode on stress corrosion cracking behavior of CrNiMoV steel weld joint

Yuhui Huang - Slow strain rate testing (SSRT) and constant loading testing (CLT) methods were adopted to study effect of loading mode on stress corrosion cracking behavior of CrNiMoV steel weld joint in simulated environment of low pressure nuclear steam turbine. Different fracture locations were observed with applied different loading mode. Finite element analysis and microscopic observation were used to explain the mechanisms of crack initiation and fracture location. In terms of CLT, pits were precursor of stress corrosion cracking. By contrast, no pit was observed on SSRT specimen, surface oxide film was directly disrupted by the strain. It also can be revealed that fracture location was dominated by maximum Mises stress for CLT while maximum plastic strain for SSRT.




Monitoring of preferential weld corrosion by using ultrasound

Hanne Martinusssen, Harald Sleire, \VWHLQ%DOW]HUVHQ PipeMonit and UltraMonit are well established corrosion monitoring techniques based on ultrasound, and can be used for monitoring both subsea and topside/onshore. The tools are non-invasive and provides real-time and online wall thickness data on subsea spools, pipelines and pipes. The ultrasound transducers measure wall thickness as a function of time and provide high resolution data on material wall loss. The sensors are installed directly on the pipe outer wall, or on top of the weld seam. This way the tools can monitor preferential corrosion and corrosion in HAZ zones. Preferential weld corrosion has high attention as this can be a serious issue for oil and gas industry. Sensorlink has developed a tool for monitoring the preferential weld corrosion by using the ultrasonic technique. A matrix of ultrasound transducers are mounted on the outside of the pipe, and the center of the transducer can be located at the center of the




Effect of Manganese on the Corrosion Behavior of Selected Alloys in Kraft Recovery Boiler Superheate

Kasey Hanson The modern pulp and paper mill utilizes kraft recovery boilers as part of a process to convert spent black liquor into white liquor in an effort to improve sustainability of the mill. However, due to the significant energy demands of the recovery boiler, superheater tubes are placed in the upper furnace region of the recovery boiler for the purpose of heating steam internally within the superheater tubes. The heated steam is then transported downstream to steam turbines. Increasing the recovery boiler operating temperature subsequently increases the efficiency of the steam turbines via higher steam temperatures. However, raising boiler operating temperatures also results in increased fireside corrosion of superheater tubes which are exposed to molten salts, water vapor, and other gaseous environments. Previous work has shown a correlation between alloys containing higher amounts of manganese and reduced corrosion rates of alloys coated in simulated superheater recover




Investigation of the applicability of droplet transport for TLC mitigation

Marc Singer, Fernando FarelasValencia, Nicolas Jauseau, Srdjan Nesic - The atomization of liquid droplets can represent an effective mean of transporting inhibitor through the vapor phase and combat Top of the Line Corrosion (TLC). However, ensuring that droplets of inhibited fluids do reach the top of the pipe and that the rate of droplet transport is enough to “compete” against the water condensation rate are key elements to ensure the method viability. This work presents an experimental methodology enabling the determination of the onset of droplet entrainment and deposition at the top of the pipe. In addition, a modeling approach is proposed for the prediction of rate of droplet deposition. Finally, TLC experiments are performed in a flow loop to validate the overall concept by measuring actual rates of corrosion in simulated dewing conditions at different rates of inhibited droplet deposition. The results show that this method can indeed be used as an effective way to mitigate TL




The use of a Novel Rotating Cage with Electrochemical measurements to evaluate corrosion inhibitor p

Merlin Bandeira, Rafael Garcia, Rogaciano Moreira, Oscar Mattos, Tatiana Almeida A lot of studies have been done to evaluate the influence of flow velocity on inhibitors performance1 -3. Tests on Rotating Cage, RC, have been widely used for selection and qualification of inhibitors for oil and gas industry in turbulent flow conditions. This test system has been shown to be an effective and simpler than alternative systems commonly used for flow testing: flow loop, jet impingement and cylinder and disk rotating electrode. However, the conventional RC systems cannot perform electrochemical measurements. Therefore LNDC developed a new RC system that is able to perform electrochemical measurements (Electrochemical-RC) in one of the cage specimens, whereas the ordinary weight loss tests were carried in the others. This new RC setup can be used to evaluate steel corrosion performance at high shear stress, high pressure and temperature and also inhibitors efficiency. The Electrochemical-R




Effectiveness of an Yuan Ding, Bruce Brown, David imidazoline-type inhibitor Young, Srdjan Nesic, Marc Singer against CO2 corrosion of mild steel at higher tempera Production of oil and gas from increasingly aggressive geologic environments necessitates development of appropriate corrosion mitigation strategies, including selection of corrosion inhibitors with known performance characteristics. In this study, the inhibition performance of a diethylenetriamine tall oil fatty acid imidazoline (DETA/TOFA imidazoline) against CO2 corrosion of API 5L X65 carbon steel was studied at two temperatures, C and C, in a CO2 saturated 1 wt. % NaCl electrolyte, via electrochemical measurements, in single autoclave and two-autoclave systems. The innovative twoautoclave design was developed and adopted for transferring heated, deoxygenated solution to the autoclave containing the working electrode, thereby limiting specimen exposure to oxygen and eliminating the effect of transition times associated with solution heating/cooling on corrosion. The experimental procedures, including compari




Effect of various alkanolamines on the corrosion behavior of N80 steel in impure SC-CO2 environments

Yong Xiang, Zhengwei Long, Chen Li, Wei Yan - The use of alkanolamines is regarded as the most extensive way in carbon capture and storage system (CCS) for carbon dioxide capture due to their best comprehensive effect compared with other methods. The captured carbon dioxide from the coal-fired power plant will inevitably carry a certain amount of alkanolamines and acidic gases into the transportation and injection systems which may affect on corrosion behavior of the pipeline and injection well steels. This work investigated the effect of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and Nmethyldiethanolamine (MDEA) on the corrosion behavior of N80 steel in water-saturated supercritical CO2 phase and supercritical CO2saturated aqueous phase with impurities (SO2, NO2 and O2). These impurities in the aqueous phase would react with water to produce H2SO4 and HNO3. The results by weight loss measurements showed that all the tested alkanolamines inhibited corrosion, and the inhibition effi




Impedance models and water transport behaviors of steel pipes coated with cathodically polarized ena

LIANG FAN Cathodic protection (CP) integrated with a protective barrier (e.g., thick organic coating) has been widely applied for the corrosion protection of steel pipelines. However, CP may make the pipe-coating interface become a more alkaline environment, potentially leading to cathodic delamination of the coating. It is, therefore, essential to evaluate the compatibility of new coating with CP in steel pipeline applications. Porcelain enamel, as an inorganic coating material, possesses excellent engineering properties such as high abrasion, corrosion, and heat resistances. It is widely used in chemical reactors, heat exchangers, or food-processing vessels due to its chemical inertia and workability in harsh environment. In this study, enamelcoated steel pipe samples with various levels of cathodic protection were tested to investigate their impedance models and water transport behaviors by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Three electrical equivalent circuit (EEC)




Nondestructive Evaluation for Simon Bellemare - Material Yield Strength and Toughness mechanical property data including of Steel Pipelines fracture toughness help address industry challenges such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of mechanical properties has expanded beyond traditional hardness testing to provide measurements of strength and fracture toughness of metals without the need for sample removal and laboratory testing. This paper describes two new and complementary mechanical testing methods recently applied to vintage pipeline steel as input to integrity management. In the first method, hard blunt styluses of different geometries slide over the pipe surface at constant loads to measure material hardness. The hardness values for dissimilar styluses are input into predictive equations to determine the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the steel. When performed over longitudinal seams or girth welds, the tests identify the heat treatment including normalization. In the second method, the instrument is e




Influence of temperature and Fiona Ruel, Saghi Saedlou, pH on SCC assisted by H2S Christophe Mendibide - Depending susceptibility of 22%Cr duplex on the experimental conditions (composition, microstructure, stress, temperature, pH, chloride content, H2S partial pressure …) Duplex Stainless Steels (DSS) may suffer from local corrosion processes that generate environmentally assisted cracking (EAC). The intent of this paper is to study the influence of the temperature and the pH on the EAC susceptibility of 22 %Cr duplex stainless steel. Specimens of UNS S32205 DSS plate have been tested by means of slow strain rate tensile test in solutions containing 50 g L-1 NaCl, 5 g L-1 NaCH3COO and under a partial pressure of 0.5 bar of H2S. Four pH – 2.8, 3.5, 4.5 and 6.0 – and three temperatures – 20&50 &DQG80&±KDYHEHHQ considered. Results show that temperature and pH affect pits and cracks morphology. EAC susceptibility results are therefore discussed with electrochemical potential measurements, number of pits at the surface of the specimens, H2S solubility with th




Corrosion Resistance of RollBonded Clad Plates for Oil & Gas Applications

6DQGUD/H0DQFKHW6DUDWD&LVVp The nickel-based alloys UNS N06625 and N08825 are today commonly used in the Oil & Gas industry for piping or pressure vessels applications. The material selection is mainly driven by the corrosivity of the environment in terms of chloride concentration, temperature, pH and H2S partial pressure. For these applications, several mechanical characteristics are generally required. For this reason, clad plates are often considered, combining the corrosion resistance of a nickel alloy layer (thickness around 3 mm - 1/8 inch) to the mechanical properties of a carbon-steel backer material. This paper will be dedicated to the corrosion resistance of roll-bonded UNS N06625 and N08825 clad materials. Special attention will be paid to their resistance to stress corrosion cracking which is the primary cracking mechanism that shall be considered for nickel alloys as per NACE MR 0175 / ISO 15156 part 3. Results regarding their pitting corrosion and intergranula




Room Temperature Gas Charging to Achieve Test Pressures at Temperature

Tracey Jackson, Haitao Fang Corrosion testing routinely involves testing brine and hydrocarbons under high pressure and high temperature in the presence of gases corrosive to iron such as CO2 and H2S. Typical laboratory procedures involve heating a pressure vessel to the test temperature and loading the gases at these elevated temperatures. This process involves many inefficiencies and hazards that can be mitigated by loading the necessary gas concentrations at room temperature and heating the vessel to test temperature. This modified process requires complex calculations using the volume and contents of the target test environment. In this paper the charging procedure will be demonstrated. Two case histories will be shown including autoclave telemetry data (pressure and temperature) and other pressure measurements taken at temperature which illustrate the utility of this method as well as the correlation with calculated and experimental values. The paper will also discuss the




Study of Phase Wetting in OilWater-Gas Horizontal Pipe Flow. Recommendations for Corrosion Risk Ass

Luciano Paolinelli, Lucas Idacir Sbrugnera Nazato Proper estimation of the phase wetting regime of the internal pipe walls of oil production lines is very important when performing internal corrosion assessment. Therefore, corrosion control costs can be reduced as the efforts can be directly aim to the most critical pipeline areas where water is most likely to segregate and wet the pipe wall. Surface wetting regime (e.g. oil wet or water wet) depends on operating flow conditions, physicochemical properties of the transported fluids, pipe diameter and inclination, and also phase wetting characteristics of the internal pipe surface (e.g. hydrophilic or hydrophobic). This work shows experimental measurements of phase wetting in three-phase oil-water-gas horizontal flow in 0.1 m diameter carbon steel pipe for stratified, elongated bubble and slug liquid-gas flow patterns. The used oil phase was a saturated paraffinic clear oil to facilitate flow pattern visualization and characterizat




Effect of Austenite Stability In Vilupanur Ravi, Samantha Globa, Pack Aluminizing of Stainless Michell Aranda, Daniel Navarro, Steels Tasleem Simmons - Aluminide coatings were produced on austenitic stainless steels (UNS S30400, S30300, S30900, S31600, S31000 and N08330) by utilizing the halide activated pack FHPHQWDWLRQSURFHVVDW&IRU process times of 4, 9, 16 and 25 hours. Coating development and morphology on austenite stability was investigated with respect to coating time. The cross-sections of aluminized specimens were examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Coating thickness measurements and microstructural evolution with process time was measured. Vickers microhardness profiles as a function of distance into the substrate were also obtained. Surface phases were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of coating characterization and the relationship to austenite stability will be reported.




Monitoring Corrosion Rates in Diverse Applications Using Web Enabled Real-Time Analytics

Jamey Hilleary - Keywords: Electrical resistance probes, linear polarization resistance probes, corrosion rate, internal corrosion, soil corrosivity, remote data acquisition This paper explores the use of remote monitoring systems and web-based data analysis to monitor internal corrosion rates in real-time. Combining remote monitoring systems with electrical resistance (ER) or linear polarization resistance (LPR) corrosion probes allows corrosion rate data to be measured more frequently. Real time transmission of the field data at more frequent intervals provides a greater number of data samples. Greater data density provides a faster and more accurate determination of corrosion rates. Remote monitoring technology provides reliable and accurate data acquisition from multiple site locations, enabling more data points to be included in the analysis. The interactive web-based analytics provide the user with a tool that allows for tracking corrosion rates in real time as well as easi




Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitor Functionality on the Mitigation of Preferential Weld Corrosion

Rachel Barson, George Economopoulos, Daniel Korwin Kochanowski, Stephen Turgoose, Graeme Dicken Preferential weld corrosion (PWC) is a well-documented phenomenon. The composition of the weld consumable or the post welding microstructure of the carbon steel parent pipe can contribute towards the attack. PWC can be prevented or mitigated by selection of a suitable corrosion inhibitor. However, uniform inhibitor filming cannot be guaranteed and sensitivity to weld metal composition is possible with some compounds. Weld metal sensitivity can induce or exacerbate PWC. The work conducted produced conditions where preferential weld corrosion initiated and was sustained. Two types of weld metallurgies were evaluated; the principle difference being that one weld consumable contained 0.6% nickel whilst the second was welded with a parent pipe matching consumable. The performance of two generic corrosion inhibitor formulations ZDVDVVHVVHGDVXOSKXUFRQWDLQLQJ chemical, quaternary a



Wednesday,11 :40a.m. to 12 :5a.m. Development of a Reference Electrode for Study of Supercritical CO2 Corrosion

Jing Ning, Chin-Hua Cheng, Ray Case - In the present study, a novel electrochemical method for performing electrochemical measurements in H2O-saturated super critical (SC) CO2 phase is introduced by using tungsten/tungsten oxide as a reference electrode. The tungsten/tungsten oxide reference electrodes are fabricated using electrochemical or thermal oxidation. The stability of each type of tungsten/tungsten oxide electrode is verified by comparing the potential with a SCE electrode in MEG containing brine solutions at different pH values and up to 130&ZLWKH[SRVXUHWLPHRYHU48 hours. The results are consistent with literature that the reference potential decreases with the increase in temperature and with decreasing pH values. The results also show that the W oxide is stable and does not decay with time at high temperature, as it is the case with AgCl2. The W/Woxide reference electrode is employed to perform both alternate and direct current testing on carbon steel in the water-s




Nanostructured Al-Alloy Coatings to Mitigate Corrosion and Enhance Mechanical Properties

Joshua Abbott, Jane Freydina, avinash Kola Aluminum alloys, high strength steel and magnesium, show significant potential for light weight applications in aerospace, transport and consumer electronic applications. However, these alloys can suffer from significant corrosion in environments such as salt spray. To address this issue, we present nanostructured aluminum alloy coatings, fabricated by electrodeposition, which are substantially more corrosion resistant than the base metals they protect. Nanostructured aluminum is a thermodynamically engineered solid solution material; as such, the single phase material is less prone to pitting corrosion. Electrodeposited coatings provide advantages over other coating methods such as thermal spray, physical and chemical vapor deposition, by providing engineering control of the alloy composition and microstructure. By tailoring the composition of the alloying metal, we can design the nanostructured grain size, and improve certain properties



CP Interference - Interference Testing and Mitigation of Interference Issues

Jeffrey Didas - This paper will discuss CP Interference and CP Influence and how the two differ. CP Interference will be shown with some interference testing case histories and the CP Influence will also be shown with a case history. The two topics Interference vs. Influence will be addressed and some solutions presented.




Mechanism of failure of IN657 Ihho Park, Seokwon Kim, Yunjo high temperature tube support Ro, Raghavan Ayer pipes after 10 years of service As the result of its excellent resistance to fuel ash corrosion, 50%Ni-48%Cr-Nb (IN 657) cast austenitic alloy has been widely used as a supporting pipe or hanger of heater tubes for high temperature unit of refinery plant. By design, these hangers are exposed to a temperature gradient from near ambient (furnace wall) to about 800C (process temperature). It was found that all the failures had occurred at locations where the hangers were exposed to around 480-550C. Analysis of the failed tubes indicated that the failure was associated with a high degree of local hardening causing poor ductility. Detailed microstructural studies revealed the hardening and low ductility was caused by the precipitation of ultrafine a-Cr precipitates during service. In addition, the austenite phase had also undergone another reaction resulting in the formation of Ni2Cr type ordered domains and it was concluded that the combination of a-Cr and ordering ca




Impact of Pitting Corrosion on Alan Turnbull, Shengqi Zhou the Benefit of Shot Peening Shot peening is used in many industrial applications, e.g. steam turbine blades, to induce nearsurface compressive residual stresses and reduce the likelihood of failure by fatigue, corrosion fatigue and stress corrosion cracking. On the whole, shot peening has proven to be very successful in increasing the life of structures and components. However, the depth of the compressive stress layer is typically only about 250PFIDERXW1 mm for laser peening) and this poses the question as to the retained benefit when corrosion pits develop to varying depth. Surprisingly, there have been few published studies to assess the impact of corrosion pits; in these the artificial pits generated did not reflect well pit geometries in service and the depths were greater than that of the compressive layer. Here, we will describe the impact of corrosion pit depth on the fatigue life and fatigue crack growth rate of a shot-peened steam turbine blade in air at high fre




Acquisition, Visualization and YongJun Tan Interpretation of Pipeline The widely reported corrosion Corrosion Monitoring Data induced gas pipeline explosion and oil spill accidents clearly show the extreme consequences of underground structural failure to the economy and the environment. In order to ensure the safety and durability of buried metal structures in particular oil and gas pipelines and water mains, there is a need for visibility and understanding of corrosion and material degradation processes occurring on these underground structures. Traditionally historical inspection data are used as the main source of knowledge for forecasting the degradation and service live of underground structures. Currently asset management tools used in the industry are usually computer software developed based on probabilistic models. The hypothesis behind these models is that statistical analysis of historical survey and inspection data could allow for structural lifetime assessment and prediction. Unfortunately these models are often not suitable for infrastructural syste




Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of Ni-Cr Alloys in Wet Air

Jiheon Jun, Sebastien Dryepondt, James Haynes, Bruce Pint, Dongwon Shin For automotive exhaust valve applications, future vehicles will need durable materials operating at higher temperatures. Both commercial and model alloys are being tested in 1-h cycles at -C in wet air. The mass change curves are being analyzed to quantify the behavior of the commercial alloys and fit growth and spallation rates. The effect of alloy composition on oxidation behavior will be analyzed by a machine learning approach using these rates as inputs. To fundamentally understand the behavior of chromia-forming alloys, the oxidation behavior of wrought Ni-(14-25)wt.%Cr binary alloys was investigated. At 800C, the 14-16%Cr alloys formed a thick oxide which spalled. After 100 cycles at C, there was clear microstructure evidence that a Cr-rich oxide could not be maintained. Surprisingly, the Ni-18Cr specimens performed better than the Ni-20Cr specimens in this temperature range. At h




Advanced Multifunctional Coatings for Pipeline Protection and Active Monitoring

Matthew Nakatsuka, Andrew Santalucia, Ganesh Kumar Arumugam, Vinod Veedu Flow assurance challenges in oil and gas pipelines, such as corrosion and scale, can greatly reduce flow efficiency and pose significant risk over time. Current solutions, such as the addition of chemical inhibitors or mechanical cleaning, require extensive downtime; furthermore, no widely accepted technique exists to actively monitor the status of the pipelines. This work introduces a novel flow assurance strategy, which utilizes a multifunctional coating applied via in-situ pigging to protect the pipeline interior. The multifunctional coating consists of a low surface energy material which is impermeable to water and oil and resistant to hydrate and scale deposition. The coating can be applied on heavily worn, in service oil and gas pipelines, and demonstrates exceptional adhesion even on imperfectly prepared surfaces. The protective coating is combined with an in-field monitoring tool to provide coating hea




Localized Corrosion of Mild Saba Navabzadeh Esmaeely, Bruce Steel under Iron Sulfide Layers Brown, Gheorghe Bota, Srdjan in CO2/H2S Environment Nesic H2S corrosion of mild steel often involves localized attack. Pyrrhotite is a common iron sulfide at higher H2S partial pressures and temperatures. Due to its electrical conductivity, it was hypothesized that the presence of pyrrhotite in the corrosion product layer on a steel surface could result in localized corrosion. Mild steel specimens (API 5L X65) were pretreated to form a pyrrhotite layer on the surface in high temperature sulfidation experiments. The pretreated specimens were then exposed to a range of aqueous CO2 and H2S corrosion environments at C. In aqueous CO2 solutions where pyrrhotite layer underwent dissolution, a galvanic coupling occurring between the pyrrhotite layer and the steel surface resulted in initiation of localized corrosion. The intensity of the observed localized corrosion varied with solution conductivity.




Corrosivity of Oxygen Scavenger in a Sea Water Environment

Tracey Jackson, Lei Huang, Rosanel Morales Oxygen scavenger (sodium bisulfite, a.k.a SBS) is being applied in several sea water flood injection systems in the Gulf of Mexico. High corrosion rates were observed in one particular field during periods when oxygen scavenger injection rates were elevated. In an effort to establish a safe operating concentration for oxygen scavenger, testing was conducted over a range of conditions to determine the corrosivity of the oxygen scavenger in seawater. Initial test work identified corrosion rate spikes upon injection of SBS in the laboratory and all subsequent work was designed to determine the mechanism generating these corrosion spikes. Scavenger performance was studied with and without the presence of oxygen. Other parameters included in this study were SBS concentration, temperature, and pH. Tetrakishydroxymethyl-phosphonium (THPS) was also used in the field and was therefore studied to determine if low pH conditions caused by THPS



Wednesday,1 :25p.m. to 1 :50p.m.

On the Predictability of CO2 Pitting Corrosion in Multiphase Gas Pipelines-an Upstream Case Study

Hamed Mansoori Multiphase transportation of wet natural gas from production wells to treatment facilities exposes pipeline to corrosion risks. Among all types of corrosion attacks, pitting corrosion is the most common cause of failures in gas pipelines. Stochastic nature of pit initiation and growth cast uncertainty on CO2 pitting corrosion prediction. This paper discusses how precipitation of scales and corrosion products on the pipe surface along with other influencing factors contributed in initiation of pits and finally failure of a wet gas pipeline in a sweet gas field, south of Iran. The technical analysis provided in this study is helpful for further understanding of pitting corrosion in wet gas pipelines.




The Application of Solid Scale Inhibitor in Deepwater Completion to Reduce Well Intervention Costs

Sumit Bhaduri, Crytal lowe, William Steiner, Marty Usie, D. Gupta, Dong Shen Inorganic scale inhibition in deepwater wells has been a longstanding problem for many operators. Not only is it an operational challenge but it is also time-consuming and costly to perform remedial operation treatments. A high-strength, alumina-based solid scale inhibitor was applied in two deepwater subsea wells to provide long-term scale inhibition and reduce potential intervention costs. Based on nanotechnology, this solid scale inhibitor combines high chemical absorbency with a compressive strength that is greater than a standard intermediate strength proppant (ISP). Laboratory elution tests show that this solid inhibitor has a nearly constant inhibitor release-rate profile in the long term. More than 20,000 pore volumes of produced water (or 1.0 MM bbl cumulated water) would be protected when 20% (wt/wt) of solid inhibitor was applied in a frac pack with 100,000 lb of proppant. American Pet




Selection of Superheater Materials for Biomass-fired Boilers

Victor Padilla - Operating biomassfired boilers at higher temperatures could significantly improve efficiency. However, this requires operating the superheater tubes at considerably higher temperatures than can be tolerated by conventional structural materials. The limiting factor is primarily determined by corrosion of the superheater tubes. This work presents the results of a field-based study designed to evaluate the corrosion performance of five alloys exposed in a Canadian gasifier for 3,552 hours. The corrosion performance of the candidate alloys can be ranked as follows: Sanicro 28 > 347H > Esshete 1250 > 310H > T22. The results showed a good correlation between the amount of chromium in the alloys and their resistance to high temperature corrosion. The low levels of chlorides, the flue gas composition, and the evidence gathered by SEM analysis suggest that oxidation was the primary attack mechanism.




The Development of Corrosion Monitoring Techniques for Maintenance Management in Petrochemical Plant

Takao Ohtsu Materials for petrochemical plant equipment deteriorate in the service environment. Maintenance is planned to repair and replace equipment when it is predicted or detected that the facility has sustained damage. The operating environments normally do not vary. However, in some cases the process conditions may change suddenly due to contamination by water or impurities, which can result in severe and widespread impact on the materials of construction. In consequence, it was desirable for corrosion monitoring techniques to be applied that could detect changes in the service environment in real time in order to reduce the severity and duration of such attack. This paper describes the development of corrosion monitoring techniques based on electrochemical noise analysis to detect such process changes and prompt timely remedial action in complex and/or low conductivity hydrocarbon processing service.




Nanostructured Steel Ray Case, Arash Shadravan Susceptibility to Sulfide Stress The susceptibility of a high strength Cracking low alloy nanostructured steel to sulfide cracking resistance (SSCC) is assessed. Notch Tensile Slow Strain Rate (NTSSRT) method is used to evaluate the threshold stress intensity values (KISSCC)). The objective is to understand the effect of the microstructure on the susceptibility to SSCC, the control condition is a conventional low alloy carbon steel with a tempered martensite micro structure. The tests were performed in a brine with 1% NaCl buffered at pH 4.5 with H2S gas with 1% to 100% (mol %) balance N2 at room conditions. The nanostructured steel results of the KISSCC parameter are: 107 Ksi in0.5 at 1% H2S to 42 Ksi in0.5 at 100% H2S. The control condition exhibited 22 Ksi in0.5 at 100% H2S. The evaluation of the relative crack propagation energy suggest that the nanostructured ferrite grains exhibit a much lower susceptibility to SSCC than the tempered martensitic microstructure




Corrosion Resistance of Explosion Clad Ni-Cr-Mo Alloys UNS N06058 and UNS N06059

Curtis Prothe, Rainer Behrens, Larry Paul, Helena Alves, Steve Sparkowich, Daniela Niespodziany The Ni-Cr-Mo alloys UNS N06058 and UNS N06059 offer superior corrosion resistance in acids, even if contaminated, and highly corrosive salt solutions for both wrought product forms and explosion claddings. These alloys are therefore used in many areas of the chemical process industry, in marine technology, as well as in environmental engineering. Explosion cladding of Ni-Cr-Mo alloys to lower cost base metal typically provides significant cost reduction for pressure vessels and other process equipment requiring wall thicknesses of 10-12 mm (0.40.5 in) or greater. Alloy UNS N06058 and UNS N06059 explosion clad plates, with steel base metal, were extensively evaluated for compliance with clad metal specifications, corrosion resistance, thermal stability and ability to be formed, fabricated and heat treated as needed for the manufacture of pressure vessels and related process equipment.




AC Interference on Cathodically Protected Pipeline From Railway Electrification Systems

JOFFIN GEORGE A study of alternating current (AC) interference on cathodically protected pipeline from railway electrification systems was conducted. A continuous data logger capable of measuring the pipe to soil potential at a sampling interval of 1.25s was developed specifically for the purpose. The study was carried out in a 51mm diameter underground pipeline running parallel to the rail line for a distance of nearly 150m. The data logger was placed securely inside a test link post (TLP) with its positive terminal connected to the pipe and the negative terminal to the Cu/CuSO4 reference electrode buried underground. A maximum of 33 Vrms and a minimum of 5 Vrms were found to be induced in the pipeline when the rail was energized. These measures help us to assess the risk of corrosion and mitigation measures to be implemented, thereby contributing to sustainable corrosion prevention. The present paper presents the scheme of the experimental system, important aspects of the instrum




Ni-Co Electroplating as Corrosion Protection for Carbon Steel Fasteners used in Oil and Gas

Omar Rosas-Camacho, Oscar Garcia, Jose Hernandez, Carlos Girault - One of the most common problems when dealing with bolted joints in the oil and gas industry is corrosion; corrosion damage can affect the stability of the clamping force and it accelerates mechanical failures such as thread stripping and fatigue. Coatings are the most popular solution to protect bolts from corrosion, however, organic and ceramicbased coatings force the base material to be oversized, which is not desirable due to the standardized practices of installation and maintenance; hence, electroplating has been used to overcome such problems. Cadmium and zinc have been the two most popular selections for electroplating due to their high corrosion protection properties however, some problems associated to environmental risks and hydrogen embrittlement lead to keep searching for other materials; nickel-cobalt electroplating is a proven solution providing high corrosion resistance and preventing oversizing in bolts




Inhibited acidic scale dissolver that is compatible with 3% and 13% Cr alloys at high temperatures

Ole Gilje Avaldsnes, Marko Stipanicev, Oeystein Birketveit Corrosion resistant alloys containing 13% Cr or more have frequently been used for completion components in severe CO2 environments due to their corrosion resistance, whereas carbon steel is not used in these conditions due to potentially elevated corrosion rates. However, in some cases, the conditions may not be severe enough that 13% Cr tubulars are required. For these conditions, 3% Cr alloys may be sufficient and allow for reduced capital expenditures without risking downhole system integrity during normal production. There are, however, challenges with protection of these alloys during acidic scale dissolver treatments at elevated temperatures. CaCO3, FeCO3 and FeS scale dissolves readily in several organic and mineral acids, however, the application of conventional acids in downhole 3% and 13% Cr tubulars at elevated temperatures may, in many cases, not be viable due to material integrity concerns. Another challen




Reinforcing the anticorrosion property of epoxy coating by modified graphene oxide with UF

Zheng Hongpeng, Shao Yawei - A new type of modified graphene oxide (GO) coating was prepared by anchoring a prepolymer of urea– formaldehyde (UF) resin onto GO sheets through in situ polycondensation. The modified GO sheets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction experiment, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, sedimentation test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. One major finding was that the superior compatibility of UF resin with epoxy resin retained the high dispersion of modified GO sheets in polymer matrix. Results further revealed that the modified GO sheets significantly reinforced the corrosion protection property of epoxy coatings on carbon steel substrate. GO sheets were modified using UF prepolymer through in situ polycondensation. Unmodified and modified GO sheets were then characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD experiments. The UF bonded chemically with –COOH on GO surface and formed microsphere




Comparison of corrosion resistance of HVOF tungsten carbide and Inconel 625 coating on ENP coated ca

Hojatollah Almasi, Fatemeh Namazi - Comparison of corrosion resistance of HVOF tungsten carbide and Inconel 625 coating on ENP coated carbon steel in inhibited HCl solution This study investigates corrosion of carbon steel ball and seat of a valve during acid cleaning in inhibited hydrochloric acid solution. The ball and seat were electroless nickel plated followed by tungsten carbide and Inconel 625 via HVOF technique respectively. Weight-loss testing showed that corrosion rate was 1437 mpy over an exposure period of 6 hours in 10% inhibited HCl solution at 35 &IRU,QFRQHO625 coated seat coupons. The 32 inch valves were exposed to inhibited HCl acid with different concentration (3%,8%,12% and15% with maximum PH=2) accordingly. The treatment includes injection of 15 PPM oxygen scavenger (Sodium bisulphite base) for one PPM oxygen in the water. Exposure time varies from one to ninety hours. Due to poor sealing of eight ball valves after chemical cleaning, corrosion resistance of ei




SSC Resistance Testing of Heavy Wall Large-Diameter Pipes using Full-Size FourPoint Bend Tests and

Thomas Haase, Christoph Bosch, &KULVWRSK.DOZD-HQV6FKU|GHU Resistance testing of steel to Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) can be performed according to the four methods given in NACE standard TM0177. However, for SSC testing of low alloyed line pipe steel for large-diameter pipes of a grade up to X65 it is well established to conduct four-point bend tests according to the new NACE TM0316 standard on machined test specimens with reduced thickness. SSC testing was performed using transverse full-size four-point bend specimens with a thickness up to 38 mm, machined from base material and longitudinal weld, at loads up to 90 % of the actual yield strength of the pipe material. Finite element simulations have been made in order to analyze the stress distribution in the full-size fourpoint-bend specimen under the high load present during the test. The NACE TM0177 Method D “Double Cantilever Beam” (DCB) corrosion test is frequently used for the determination of the fracture toughness




Data Integration Techniques to Support Meaningful Visualization of Corrosion Data

Joshua Greer The advent of more advanced methods for monitoring corrosion means that, for most pipeline professionals, decisions are not constrained by a lack of data. If anything, the sheer volume of information available can prove to be a bottleneck. This paper will focus on how pipeline corrosion control departments, integrity management personnel and administrators can get a more nuanced view of their corrosion data by using visualization techniques to quickly analyze large datasets. Specifically, the paper will examine the key first step in visualizing corrosion data: integrating different types of data from different sources into a single system. It will explore the types of data that are well suited for data interactivity analysis, as well as best practices for collecting this data and preparing it for the data visualization process.




High Temperature Alloys Failures in the Petrochemical Furnaces. Mitigation and Prevention

Ali AlShawaf High temperature alloys are used in the hottest section in the furnaces radiant box. Many metallurgical improvements to these alloys are intended so the material can withstand the elevated temperature and aggressive environment to obtain a longer operation time. This paper explains the most common damage mechanisms of these alloys in radiant and convection sections such as creep/carburization, thermal fatigue/carburization, thermal shock and environmentally stress corrosion cracking. State of the art analytical techniques such as macro-etching of carburization depth, optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were utilized in analyzing these failures. Preventive solutions were recommended to overcome such failures in the future and ultimately increase the operation time and most importantly increase the production rate.




Pitting corrosion on high-Mn steel alloyed with Ni and Cr in low H2S high CO2 high temperature and h

Qiao Sun The dissatisfactory corrosion rate of high-Mn steel in acid aqueous environment extremely restricted its new application such as expandable casing and oil well pipe, although it possessed excellent mechanical property. In our study, high-Mn steel alloyed with Ni and Cr could obviously depress its uniform corrosion. However, pitting corrosion occurred in some cases. In this paper, the pitting corrosion emerged on above-mentioned steel in high temperature high CO2 low H2S and high Cl- environment was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive detector (EDS) and Xray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that almost all of the corrosion scale was integrated and thin. But in some local places the corrosion products were bulged like hillocks. Large hexagonal crystals grew vertically on the hillside and formed several rings under the observation of SEM. In addition, accumulations of corrosion products which contained hexagonal plates and snowflake-sha




Evaluation of corrosion inhibitor with high speed rotating cage

Susumu Hirano, Toshiyuki Sunaba, Takashi Ito Corrosion inhibitors are commonly used to mitigate corrosion in oil and gas pipelines. The selection of inhibitor for a particular field depends on the field conditions (water cut, water chemistry, temperature, flow rate etc.). In order to evaluate inhibitors recommended by manufacturers, several laboratory methodologies are adopted in the oil and gas industry companies. In case of prolonging remaining well life or the production maintenance during reservoir pressure declining, several artificial lifts should be adopted, for example borewell submersible pumps for crude oil and low pressure collection for natural gas. After successfully increasing the production, temperature and flow rate of the production fluid increase. The turbulence produced by the flow may cause the efficiency of inhibitor to decrease in such field. In this study, the effect of turbulence on corrosion inhibitor performance has been investigated with a rotating cage




Elucidating the Corrosion Phenomena in a Thermal InSitu Oil Sands Emulsion Pipeline

Ayodele Okunola, Randy Damant, John Lerbscher For thermal in-situ oil sands production, it is conventional to think that an emulsion pipeline remains essentially oil-wet. Ideally, an oil coating distributed on the pipe by the produced oil-water emulsion from a well pad is expected to give the needed corrosion protection for the operating life of the pipeline. Practically however, there are conditions under which this ideal scenario becomes no longer feasible, even for low API gravity heavy oil. These parameters affecting protection include but are not limited to water cut, well pad processing, steam cycle phenomena, reservoir characteristics, pipeline operating temperature, partitioning characteristics of the acid gases and their effects on water chemistry and passivation as well as other field operational practices. From the experience of two case histories at a thermal in-situ oil sands project, this paper elaborates on many of the field parameters and how they influence the int




Selection of salts and Vilupanur Ravi, Steven Pierce, containment materials for solar Carinne Lukiman, Christian Diaz, thermal energy storage Touba Shah - Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants provide the twin advantages of energy generation and thermal energy storage. The latter provides the persistence of power that is lacking in photovoltaics. However, there is much to be done to be able make these plants competitive with traditional coal-powered plants. Reduction of CSP costs relies on the selection of salts which are cheaper and more abundant than the current industry standard (nitrate salts) while still maintaining favorable properties such as high heat capacity and relatively low melting points and good thermal stability. Chloride salts are good candidates that fulfill the low-cost requirement. However, the corrosivity of these salts needs to be addressed. This talk will outline the approach taken to select a promising salt, and the approach taken for containment materials selection. An experimental approach involving both immersion and electrochemical te




Corrosion Rate Study on Cathodically Protected and Unprotected Pipeline's by Manipulating Soil Condi

JOFFIN GEORGE Soil corrosion is a complex phenomenon which primarily depends on the nature of soil properties and other adjacent environmental factors. A handful of research papers has already been published highlighting the effect of soil properties on metal corrosion. This unique experimental setup includes two samples of buried steel pipeline, one provided with an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system and the other left unprotected. The two samples are placed in an artificial environment, in which the author is able to manipulate the soil properties and conditions. Electrical resistance (ER) probes are placed at multiple locations to get an approximate rate of corrosion on the pipelines metal. Cu/CuSO4 reference electrodes are placed in the vicinity of the pipelines to obtain pipe to soil potentials. A transformer rectifier is also included in the experiment to provide ICCP to one of the sample pipeline. Various electronic sensors are placed near the pipeline sampl




Effects of silty sand on localized corrosion behavior of 3Cr steel in CO2-O2 aqueous environment

Wei Liu, Zhao Yonggang, Lu Songle, Xiaogang Li 3Cr steel is a suitable candidate for tubing, casing and pipelines with its high corrosion resistance and low cost. For harsh O2containing CO2 aqueous environment, iron oxide could form due to O2 existing in the solution, which could hinder the formation of protective chromium compound layer, leading to localized corrosion of 3Cr steel. Silty sand could obviously affect the corrosion of 3Cr steel in O2-containing CO2 aqueous environment, and the study on the effects of silty sand on corrosion behavior of 3Cr steel in CO2-O2 aqueous environment was of great interest, which could help to further apply 3Cr steel properly in such harsh environment. In this paper, the corrosion product film formed on 3Cr steel surface in CO2-O2 aqueous environment containing silty sand was characterized by XPS, SEM, AFM and electrochemical measurements. Initially, the adsorption layer of silty sand with hydroxyl accelerated oxygen reduction and Cr3+ hydro




Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of Ni-based welding Alloys 182 and 152 in PWR primary water envi

Yun Soo Lim In-service cracking at the penetration nozzles and surrounding welds of the reactor pressure vessel head (RPVH) of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) has been found after long-term operation. RPVH penetration nozzles are fabricated typically using Alloy 600 and a Jgroove welded with Alloy 182. Alloy 182 is widely used as a filler or butter material for dissimilar metal welds to join Alloy 600 with stainless steel and/or low alloy steel. It is now well established that Alloy 600 and Alloy 182 are susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in primary water environments, which is known as primary water SCC (PWSCC). Therefore, Alloy 690, which is another Ni-based alloy, has been replacing Alloy 600, and Alloy 152 filler metal has also been used to join Alloy 690 components instead of Alloy 182. Alloy 690 and 152 are known to be more resistant to PWSCC than Alloy 600 and 182 owing to their higher Cr content. The aim of the present study is to investigate the resistance o




Corrosion Behavior of Powder Jinhui Ding - Cobalt-based alloys, Metallurgical Cobalt-Based though possessing relevant Alloys in Hydrochloric Acid resistance to oxidation and erosion, inevitably encounter corrosion in acidic environments. In this paper, the cobalt-based alloys containing different ingredients of Cr-Ni-MoW-Co were produced by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method, their corrosion behavior in hydrochloric acid was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization curves, mass loss corrosion tests and 3D corrosion morphology observation. The corrosion mechanism was analysed based on SEM, EDS, XRD characterization of corrosion products and ICP characterization of corrosion solution. The results indicated that 33Cr3Ni1Mo18W38Co alloy presented the best corrosion resistance. During corrosion process, constitution of Cr, Co and Ni get dissolved into solution while W tend to precipitate on alloy surface.




Modeling of Solid Deposition Limit Velocity in Liquid Pipelines

Teresa Leung, Yannick Beauregard, James Chow Modelling Particle Sedimentation in Oil Pipelines Internal corrosion in liquid petroleum pipelines is most likely to occur in areas where water and solid particles accumulate. Proper management of this threat requires an understanding of the fluid properties and flow conditions that allow for water accumulation and the sedimentation of solid particles. This paper reviews relevant solid deposition models available in literature, including the model proposed in NACE SP02082008 and presents results from CFD simulations for heavy and light oil in straight and bent pipelines. It was found that the literature models predict a wide range of particle settling velocity and that some models are in better agreement with each other as well as with CFD simulations. CFD simulations for horizontal pipelines show that particle deposition in heavy oil occurs more readily than in light oil. This is driven by differences in velocity profile of the pipe fl




Erosion-corrosion evaluation of two white cast irons under severe conditions in oil sands industry

George Karafyllias In oil sands industry, the erosioncorrosion phenomena are enhanced due to the presence of abrasive solid particles. Thus, in order to prevent failures in engineering components such as pumps and pipelines, corrosion and mainly erosion resistant materials are selected. The white cast irons comprise an attractive candidate for these applications since their hard metallic matrix and chromium carbides can mitigate the erosive attack. However, due to their brittleness and the complex microstructure, a meticulous material selection must be conducted with respects to the operational conditions and in particular, the size of the erodent particles. In the current study, two white cast irons were evaluated under severe conditions; a 27%Cr with eutectic chromium carbides and another 30%Cr alloy with primary chromium carbides and higher carbide volume fraction than the 27% Cr. The experiments were carried out using a submerged jet apparatus in fresh water containing angular




Localized Corrosion in the Presence of Corrosion inhibitors at High Flow Velocities in CO2 Environme

Fernando Farelas, Brian Kinsella, DENY NUGRAHA, Scott Whitehurst, Marc Singer One way to mitigate internal corrosion in oil and gas pipelines is by injection of corrosion inhibitors, which need to be effective at high flow velocities and shear stresses at the bottom of the line. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of different inhibitors with emphasis on the impact of high flow velocities. The importance of inhibitor concentration and effect of acetic acid was also investigated. Experiments were performed in a middle scale flow loop called thin channel flow cell that enables the simulation of high flow velocities (high shear stress). Linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss (WL) measurements were performed in order to assess the inhibitors ability to decrease the general corrosion rate, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used for surfac




Comparison of Inhibited Erosion-Corrosion with Calcium Carbonate Particles versus Sand

Anass Nassef, Michael W. Keller, Kenneth P. Roberts, Edmund Rybicki, Erin Iski, Siamack Shirazi Erosion-corrosion deterioration of carbon steel in the presence of solid particulates is a major issue in oil and gas production. Erosion can significantly influence corrosion by negatively interfering with corrosion mitigation systems such as when a protective corrosion scale or an inhibitor film is stripped away through solid particle erosion. The combined effect of erosion and corrosion can lead to high corrosion rates, surface pitting, and, ultimately, material failure. In CO2 corrosion, under certain environmental conditions, which are typically high pH, temperature above 180 to F (82 to C) and low flow velocity, an iron carbonate protective layer forms on the steel surface. This corrosion product can reduce corrosion rates to lower values, if it completely covers steel surface. The presence of solid particles, however, such as sand or calcium carbonate can strip away the iro




High-Performance Polyurethane Elastomer Coatings - Lessons Learned from 6 Years in Oil Sands Service

Ali Sarvi, Larry Lai, Thorsten Raeth, Daniel Plourde Six years have passed since the first installation of spools with customdesigned internal abrasion protection coatings made from highperformance polyurethane elastomers. These coatings, not requiring a rubber or neoprene intermediate layer have become an essential tool in oil sands tailings and hydrotransport lines. Useful life of steel pipes is extended significantly; often by factors of 10 or even more. With the advent of intelligent coatings incorporating wear sensors three years ago, much wider use of high-performance polyurethane elastomer coatings became possible. Such intelligent coatings transmit wear information to the outside of the pipe without the need for a hole through the pipe wall. This presentation will give an overview on lessons learned with these coatings in Alberta oil sands. From material properties, operating conditions, wear data, to useful life and costs saved.




Successful Application of Internal Corrosion Direct Assessment (ICDA) to determine the Integrity of

Sridhar Arumugam, Patrick Teevens, Ashish Khera, Bidyut Baniah The study presents the internal corrosion direct assessment (ICDA) of a 48” x 18.7 km liquid petroleum pipeline carrying stabilized crude oil from a subsea pipeline end manifold (PLEM) to the onshore crude oil tank facilities. The pipeline has handled over 100 different compositions of crude since commissioning of its operations in 2006. Three (3) hydrotests had been previously carried out for the offshore section (6.4 km) of the line and the hydrotest water (seawater) was left stagnant in the line for a cumulative period of 293 days since 2006. The line had no internal corrosion monitoring program in place and had no baseline internal corrosion assessments done at the commencement of the ICDA in March 2015. While performing ICDA, multiphase flow modeling of the line was carried out to predict the pressure drop, temperature drop, inclination angle and flow regime variations along the line. The most probable locat




Corrosion Evaluation of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) for Corrosion Protection of Natural Ga

Alvaro Rodriguez, Joseph Tylczak, Margaret Ziomek-Moroz Title: Corrosion Evaluation of CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) for Corrosion Protection of Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines High-entropy alloys (HEAs), are multicomponent alloys composed of at least five elements with compositions of 5-35 atomic % for each element. These alloys are being investigated for corrosion protection of natural gas transmission pipelines by investigating their behavior under aqueous acidic conditions. Electrochemical and immersion experiments were carried out in 3.5 weight % NaCl solution at pH 4 and C. Oxygen was excluded from the environment by using CO2 as stripping gas. The electrochemical experiments included potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. They were used to calculate corrosion rates. Potentiodynamic polarization curves, including cyclic voltammograms, were used to elucidate active, active-passive, and passive regions of these alloys and susceptibility




The investigation of Incoloy 800H Relaxation Crack Mechanisms

Yunjo Ro, Ihho Park, Gyutae Park, Jaewoong Kim In the refining industry, Incoloy 800H has been employed for components operating in the intermediate temperature regime (500~700 +RZHYHULWLVNQRZQ to be suffered from relaxation cracking in the HAZ after short duration in service. In the present study, detailed microstructure of the crack-tip region of a failed Incoloy 800H tube was examined using SEM, TEM and EBSD to clarify the relaxation crack mechanism. During the short time of operation (C) process environments. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 123X, TEG 126X, TEG 128X, and TEG 270X Chair: Stephanie Britton Vice Chair: Shankar Venkataraman


High-Temperature Materials and Corrosion for the Process Industry

This symposium includes technical TEG 126X [37](39) papers on materials and corrosion issues in high temperature (>C) process environments. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 123X, TEG 126X, TEG 128X, and TEG 270X Chair: Stephanie Britton Vice Chair: Shankar Venkataraman




This symposium includes technical TEG 128X [37](60) papers on materials and corrosion issues in high temperature (>C) process environments.


Room 227 B-C


Room 227 B-C

Location

Location Detail


Room 226 B-C

Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 123X, TEG 126X, TEG 128X, and TEG 270X Chair: Stephanie Britton Vice Chair: Shankar Venkataraman Wednesday,8 a.m. to 3 p.m.


This symposium includes technical TEG 270X [37](34, 39) papers on materials and corrosion issues in high temperature (>C) process environments. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 123X, TEG 126X, TEG 128X, and TEG 270X Chair: Stephanie Britton Vice Chair: Shankar Venkataraman

Process Industry—Pulp, Paper, and Biomass Conversion STG 38 Time

Name

Description


Corrosion Issues in the Pulp, Paper, Biomass, and Biofuel Industries

This symposium includes technical STG 38 papers on corrosion issues relating to the pulp & paper industry, biomass conversion, or biofuels. Topics can include new materials for these applications, new failure trends, issues with wood products, case studies, or issues specific to equipment for the industry such as recovery boilers, digesters, and paper machines. Sponsoring Committee(s): STG 38 Chair: Matthew Tunnicliffe Vice Chair: Catherine Noble

Committee(s)


Process Industries—Materials Applications and Experiences STG 39 - Process Industries—Materials Applications and Experiences Time

Name

Description

Committee(s)

Monday,9 a.m. to 5 :15p.m.

Recent Experiences with Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steels (Day 1)

This symposium includes technical TEG 114X [39] papers on recent experiences with stainless steels. The focus is on end user experiences from the process industries such as chemical processing, pulp & paper, oil & gas, desalination, pharmaceutical, and power generation. Topics include successes, failures, material selection, fabrication and new developments.

Location

Location Detail


Room 128


Room 128

Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 114X and TEG 116X Chair: Nicole Kinsman Vice Chair: James Fritz Monday,9 a.m. to 5 :15p.m.


This symposium includes technical TEG 116X [39] papers on recent experiences with stainless steels. The focus is on end user experiences from the process industries such as chemical processing, pulp & paper, oil & gas, desalination, pharmaceutical, and power generation. Topics include successes, failures, material selection, fabrication and new developments. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 114X and TEG 116X Chair: Nicole Kinsman Vice Chair: James Fritz




This symposium includes technical TEG 114X [39] papers on recent experiences with stainless steels. The focus is on end user experiences from the process industries such as chemical processing, pulp & paper, oil & gas, desalination, pharmaceutical, and power generation. Topics include successes, failures, material selection, fabrication and new developments.


Room 128


Room 128


Room 222 B-C

Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 114X and TEG 116X Chair: Nicole Kinsman Vice Chair: James Fritz Tuesday,9 a.m. to 2 p.m.


This symposium includes technical TEG 116X [39] papers on recent experiences with stainless steels. The focus is on end user experiences from the process industries such as chemical processing, pulp & paper, oil & gas, desalination, pharmaceutical, and power generation. Topics include successes, failures, material selection, fabrication and new developments. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 114X and TEG 116X Chair: Nicole Kinsman Vice Chair: James Fritz


Recent Experiences with Nickel, Titanium, Zirconium, and Other Corrosion Resistant Alloys (Day 1)

This symposium includes technical STG 39 papers related to the practical use and experience with corrosion resistant alloys including nickel base, titanium, zirconium and other corrosion resistant alloys. Sponsoring Committee(s): STG 39 Chair: Suresh Divi Vice Chair: Ralph Baessler



Recent Experiences with Nickel, Titanium, Zirconium, and Other Corrosion-Resistant Alloys (Day 2)

This symposium includes technical STG 39 papers related to the practical use and experience with corrosion resistant alloys including nickel base, titanium, zirconium and other corrosion resistant alloys.


Room 222 B-C

Location

Location Detail


Room 128

Location

Location Detail


Room 127 B-C

Sponsoring Committee(s): STG 39 Chair: Suresh Divi Vice Chair: Ralph Baessler

Military and Aerospace Systems and Facilities STG 40 Time

Name

Description

Committee(s)


Corrosion Issues in Military Equipment and Facilities

This symposium includes technical STG 40 papers to disseminate information and serve as a resource on identification, causes, and control of corrosion and materials degradation for military, aerospace, and electronic systems, equipment, and facilities. Sponsoring Committee(s): 40 Chair: Rob Mason Vice Chair: Robert J. Evans

Electric Utility Generation, Transmission, and Distribution STG 41 - Electric Utility Generation, Transmission, and Distribution Time

Name

Description


Power Industry Corrosion

This symposium includes technical TEG 368X [41] papers related to corrosion causes, issues, studies, experiences, and/or management practices, including coatings on steel structures and their related components in the power industry. Exposures include below grade, transition zone, and atmospheric corrosion of weathering, galvanized, and other coated steel structures. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 368X Chair: Jon Brasher Vice Chair: Graig Cilluffo

Committee(s)



Corrosion in Nuclear Systems This symposium includes technical TEG 224X [41] papers on materials development, innovation and degradation issues related to light and heavy water reactors, small modular reactors (SMR), as well as in advanced reactors (Very High Temperature Reactors, Gas Cooled Reactors, Molten Salt Reactors). Papers are also sought in nuclear waste management and storage.


Room 126 B-C


Room 126 B-C


Room 227 B-C

Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 224X and TEG 465X Chair: Xihua He Vice Chair: Jared Smith Monday,9 a.m. to 5 :45p.m.

Corrosion in Nuclear Systems This symposium includes technical TEG 465X [41](03, 05, 35) papers on materials development, innovation and degradation issues related to light and heavy water reactors, small modular reactors (SMR), as well as in advanced reactors (Very High Temperature Reactors, Gas Cooled Reactors, Molten Salt Reactors). Papers are also sought in nuclear waste management and storage. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 224X and TEG 465X Chair: Xihua He Vice Chair: Jared Smith


Geothermal Scaling and Corrosion

This symposium includes technical TEG 182X [41] papers on the testing and performance of materials exposed to both conventional and extreme geothermal environments used now and potentially in the future for energy generation. Emphasis is on papers that describe successes and failures with solutions to problems being trialled and proven. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 182X Chair: Bill MacDonald Vice Chair: Sigrun Nanna Karlsdottir


Marine Corrosion: Ships and Structures STG 44 Time

Name

Description

Committee(s)


Marine Corrosion - Looking to This symposium includes technical STG 44 the Horizon papers presenting state-of-the-art technology in marine corrosion assessment and mitigation, with a look to future opportunities through emerging technologies.

Location

Location Detail


Room 131 A-B

Location

Location Detail


Room 125 A-B


Room 226 B-C

Sponsoring Committee(s): STG 44 Chair: Abdul Hameed Al-Hashem Vice Chair: Moavin Islam

Corrosion Mechanisms STG 60 - Corrosion Mechanisms Time

Name

Description

Committee(s)


Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

This symposium includes technical TEG 187X [60](11) papers that cover the impact of microbiological processes on metallic or non-metallic materials. Case histories of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), as well as papers that describe recent advancements in MIC monitoring or mitigation, are encouraged. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 187X Chair: Kenneth Wunch Vice Chair: Amilcar Oberto


Understanding and Controlling Atmospheric Corrosion in Infrastructure, Transportation, and Utilities

This symposium includes technical TEG 189X [60](02, 40, 62) papers on understanding and controlling atmospheric corrosion in infrastructure, transportation and utilities. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 189X Chair: Eric Schindelholz Vice Chair: Richard Granata



Mechanisms of Localized This symposium includes technical TEG 407X [60](31) Corrosion and Electrochemical papers devoted to mechanisms of Methods (Day 1) localized corrosion as well as to electrochemical methods used to study and elucidate localized corrosion mechanisms.


Room 228 A-B


Room 228 A-B


Room 228 A-B


Room 228 A-B

Sponsoring Committee(s): STG 60, TEG 407X Chair: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper Vice Chair: Martin Rodriguez Monday,9 a.m. to 4 :15p.m.

Mechanisms of Localized This symposium includes technical STG 60 Corrosion and Electrochemical papers devoted to mechanisms of Methods (Day 1) localized corrosion as well as to electrochemical methods used to study and elucidate localized corrosion mechanisms. Sponsoring Committee(s): STG 60, TEG 407X Chair: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper Vice Chair: Martin Rodriguez


Mechanisms of Localized This symposium includes technical STG 60 Corrosion and Electrochemical papers devoted to mechanisms of Methods (Day 2) localized corrosion as well as to electrochemical methods used to study and elucidate localized corrosion mechanisms. Sponsoring Committee(s): STG 60, TEG 407X Chair: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper Vice Chair: Martin Rodriguez


Mechanisms of Localized This symposium includes technical TEG 407X [60](31) Corrosion and Electrochemical papers devoted to mechanisms of Methods (Day 2) localized corrosion as well as to electrochemical methods used to study and elucidate localized corrosion mechanisms. Sponsoring Committee(s): STG 60, TEG 407X Chair: Helmuth Sarmiento Klapper Vice Chair: Martin Rodriguez



Understanding and Controlling Atmospheric Corrosion in Infrastructure, Transportation and Utilities

This symposium includes technical TEG 189X [60](02, 40, 62) papers on understanding and controlling atmospheric corrosion in infrastructure, transportation and utilities.


Room 226 B-C


Room 128

Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 189X Chair: Eric Schindelholz Vice Chair: Richard Granata Wednesday,8 a.m. to 2 :30p.m.

Nanomaterials and Corrosion Characterization Methods at the Nanoscale

This symposium includes technical TEG 474X [60] papers on the nanomaterials and nanoscale characterization methods for understanding corrosion mechanisms and mitigating corrosion. The use of nanomaterials or understanding the nanostructuring in metals or alloys to result in corrosion resistant and high performance coatings, corrosion inhibitors, super alloys, ceramics, and other materials that can prevent fouling and scaling. The nanomaterials can be in the form of particles, nanotubes, nanofillers, nanoplatelets, when incorporated in coatings, chemical inhibitor action, or preparation of alloys, will result in superior performance. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 474X Chair: Igor Kosacki Vice Chair: Richard Pollard



Environmentally Assisted Cracking (Day 1)

The symposium includes technical TEG 186X [60] papers related to understanding of all kinds of materials cracking mechanisms, including but not limited to hydrogen embrittlement, stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, liquid metal embrittlement, and so on. The papers can cover root cause failure analysis in service, laboratory testing methods, materials modeling, industry standards development, state of art EAC research reviews, and so on.


Room 221 A-B

Location

Location Detail


Room 227 B-C


Room 126 B-C

Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 186X Chair: Steven Shademan Vice Chair: Sai Venkateswaran

Inhibition—Corrosion and Scaling STG 61 - Inhibition—Corrosion and Scaling Time

Name

Description

Committee(s)


Top of Line Corrosion

This symposium includes technical TEG 515X [61] papers on mechanism, modeling, field experience, monitoring, mitigation (design and inhibition). Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 515X Chair: Fernando Farelas Vice Chair: Thu Addis

Tuesday,9 a.m. to 2 :45p.m.

Inhibitors - Vapor Transported This symposium includes technical TEG 145X [61](02) (VCI) and Surface Coated Rust papers related to novel applications, Preventive (RP) technical advances, test methods and materials which perform as vapor-transported corrosion inhibitors (VCI) and/or inhibitor coatings applied to metal surfaces to inhibit corrosion. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 093X and TEG 145X Chair: James Henderson Vice Chair: Behzad Bavarian



Inhibitors - Vapor Transported This symposium includes technical TEG 093X [61](11) (VCI) and Surface Coated Rust papers related to novel applications, Preventive (RP) technical advances, test methods and materials which perform as vapor-transported corrosion inhibitors (VCI) and/or inhibitor coatings applied to metal surfaces to inhibit corrosion.


Room 126 B-C


Room 224 A-B

Location

Location Detail


Room 131 A-B

Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 093X and TEG 145X Chair: James Henderson Vice Chair: Behzad Bavarian Wednesday,8 a.m. to 4 p.m.

The Control of Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production with Inhibitors

This symposium includes technical TEG 184X [61](31) papers where corrosion inhibitors have been developed to control corrosion in challenging environments in oil and gas production Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 184X Chair: Alyn Jenkins Vice Chair: Zhengwei Liu

Corrosion Monitoring and Measurement—Science and Engineering Applications STG 62 - Corrosion Monitoring and Measurement—Science and Engineering Applications Time

Name

Description

Wednesday,8 a.m. to 2 :45p.m.

Advances and Practical Use of This symposium includes technical TEG 100X [62](41) Corrosion Monitoring papers in the areas of developing Technologies (Day 1) and advancing corrosion monitoring technologies and examples of practical use of these technologies. Sponsoring Committee(s): TEG 100X Chair: Sean Brossia Vice Chair: Kwei Meng Yap

Forum Meetings

Committee(s)


Time

Name

Description


Coating Technology & Systems of the U.S. Navy Forum

Presented by: Cameron Miller, James Martin, Colton Spicer, Jimmy Tagert, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory This forum will provide an overview of coatings and related technology systems being used or developed by the U.S. Navy for corrosion control. The forum will inform industry of the technologies being employed and looked at by the Navy and provide the opportunity to interact with commercial industry on common challenges. Specifically, the forum will present the following subject areas: -Overview of Navy coatings and qualification processes -Thermal spray coatings and testing methods -Simulating real world operational environments in laboratory testing -Coating removal and surface prep technologies (e.g., laser ablation/texturing, heat induction, etc.) -Inspection and non-destructive evaluation tools/technologies (e.g., in-situ 3-D profilometry, thermography, etc.)

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail


Room 227 A



Water Forum

Presented by: Robert Boswell, Boswell's Consulting Testing Services The Water Forum provides a venue for those involved in the water and waste water industries to learn about new technologies, lessons learned and industry best practices. Presenters come from a diverse range of backgrounds and skills sets and have over 100 combined years of experience in the industry. The content of the forum is applicable to both beginners and veterans of the water and waste water industries.


Room 227 A



The War Against Corrosion in Adama Gaye, African Author and the Middle East and Africa Analyst, and Media Commentator Forum Abdullah Al Ghamdi, Saudi Aramco Walid Rajab, SOGEC Presented by: Gasem Fallatah, NACE International There are a lot of misconceptions towards the Middle East and Africa. This forum will expose the biggest threat in this region: the attack of corrosion. These regions are exposed to a very harsh environment, such as extremely high temperature, high salinity, and high humidity. This forum aims to present the real face of Middle East and Africa and show their battle against corrosion. The first part of the forum will present case studies on specific corrosion challenges in the area. Corrosion experts from the Middle East and Africa will reveal some evidences of corrosion and their ways of controlling it given the harsh environment. As corrosion is one of the biggest issues in this area, businesses are being developed to help control this issue. The second part of the forum will present the development of businesses in these areas. Leaders for business development will share some information on the current market needs and ways on how to


Room 132 A-B



How the Corrosion Industry is Presented by: Elaine Bowman, Revolutionizing Corrosion NACE International Institute Management - IMPACT Plus Forum The most significant outcome of the IMPACT Study, which was launched by NACE International in March 2013, was the need to change how corrosion decisions are made. To meet this need, the IMPACT Portal was developed as a set of online asset management tools that offers a common language and structure needed to ensure communication throughout all levels of an organization.


Room 122 B-C


Room 121 A-C

This forum will demonstrate how an organization can utilize IMPACT Plus to assess the maturity of their corrosion management processes through the: Corrosion Process Framework and Corrosion Management Maturity Model (CMMM). Then, in a Reference Library, find hundreds of sources of information to close performance gaps identified through the CMMM. Tuesday,10 a.m. to 12 a.m.

Coating Asset Management– The State of the Industry Forum

Presented by: D. Terry Greenfield, CorroMetrics Services, Inc. To achieve the economic value of an installed protective coating system, the designed life-cycle must be realized. This goal can be achieved through an effective coatings management program. This forum will be comprised of coatings industry professionals that have implemented programs to better manage their protective coatings assets. Each panel member will present about their program, how they were able to implement the program while sharing successes and challenges. Content will include maintenance philosophies, condition surveys, and data management systems. They will be available for questions.



Leadership Forum

How would you define yourself as a leader? Every leader is unique to their own style and strategy, but they all have a common defining goal: how can I map out where my team and I need to go, to be successful as a team and organization. Leaders set direction and use their management skills to guide their team towards the right destination, in a smooth and efficient way. At NACE’s interactive Leadership Forum, learn from those who have successfully embarked on challenging professional journeys and experienced results. Gain valuable insight and leadership skills that will enhance your personal and professional lives. This forum will feature Commander Mike Abrashoff, Keynote speaker and author of “It’s Your Ship”, Richard Hays, Senior Corrosion Engineer, Excet, Inc., Terry May the founder/CEO of MESA, who is a 2-time Malcolm Baldridge award recipient, and Bill Hedges, Acting Chief Engineer, BP Facilities & Assets. These leaders will share candid stories and provide you with tools and skills to empower you in your role and take the next steps in your career. Come prepared to ask questions and receiv


Exhibit Hall / Orange Theater



PHMSA Pipeline Safety Forum

Presented by: Kevin Garrity, Mears Group, Alan Mayberry, PHMSA and Andy Drake, Enbridge


Room 121 A-C


Room 130

NACE members play a critical role in protecting the public from potential catastrophic failures of liquid/gas pipelines. Join policymakers, regulators, and industry experts for a discussion on how PHMSA and other agencies address corrosion in pipeline safety. The forum will provide both a regulator and industry perspective on best pipeline safety practices and latest developments Tuesday,1 p.m. to 5 p.m.

Battle Against Corrosion in Latin America Forum

Presented by: Jorge Canto, Corrosion Y Proteccion, Fabian Sanchez, OCP Ecuador, Ricardo Izquierdo, SLOM, and Zehbour Panossian, ABRACO We find peculiar mountains, rivers and forests in Latin America that are a challenge for many corrosion combat projects. Speakers will share their experiences in each of these environments fighting against corrosion. Latin America faces many similar professional challenges in the corrosion field as the rest of the world. From Mexico to Argentina, including Central America, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela have seen growth as well as extensive industrialization. This has brought the risks of corrosion of different types to the various industries. Local Latin American professionals representing various countries and industries discuss how the available knowledge and technologies has been used to combat the impact of corrosion in the southern continent. With the flavor of the different cultures and countries, and their c



Environmentally Assisted Cracking of High Strength Steels and Alloys for Critical Service Subsea

Environmentally Assisted Cracking of High Strength Steels and Alloys for Critical Service Subsea Bolting [With and Without Cathodic Charging] Forum Presented by: Dr. Russell Kane, iCorrosion LLC, Khlefa Esaklul, Occidental Petroleum, Tim Haeberle, Baker Hughes, a GE company, and John Scully, University of Virginia Based on recent service experience there is concern for critical subsea bolting and fasteners and their risk of failure as observed in recent near-miss incidents in sea-bottom drill-through equipment. Evidence suggests that these events were associated with environmental cracking in high strength materials by hydrogen embrittlement because of either (a) internal hydrogen from manufacturing or electrolytic application of protective coatings, and/or (b) external hydrogen from in-service cathodic protection from galvanic and/or impressed systems.


Room 223



Prognostics and Health Presented by: Prof. George Management Technologies for Vachtsevanos, Georgia Tech and Corrosion Processes Forum Jeff Bird, PHM Society


Room 227 A


Room 127 B-C

The board of directors of the Prognostics and Health Management Society propose to organize an advanced panel on novel technologies for corrosion data/image processing, feature or Condition Indicator (CI) extraction and selection, corrosion initiation detection and identification, and prediction of local and global corrosion growth/propagation. Recent advances in corrosion mitigation technologies have focused on the development and application of coating materials aimed to inhibit the corrosion growth. Aging aircraft and industrial processes are subjected to the detrimental effects of corrosion with corrosion prevention amounting to billions of dollars each year. There is a recognized need to develop and implement technologies that will assist in the expedient and early detection of corrosion. The panel members will discuss recent advances in corrosion sensing for aerospace and industrial processes, mo Wednesday,9 :30a.m. to 11 :30a.m. NIICAP Forum

The NACE International Institute Contractor Accreditation Program (NIICAP) is a premier, industrydriven and industry managed accreditation program that validates a contractor's quality assurance program, support practices, and production processes. Join us at CORROSION 2018 to hear from contractors about how NIICAP can help grow your business and increase ROI.



Challenges of Designing and Installing Cathodic Protection for Buried Piping at Nuclear Power Plants

Challenges of Designing and Installing Cathodic Protection for Buried Piping at Nuclear Power Plants Forum Presented by: Eric Bonner, Pond & Company Most cathodic protection (CP) applications are associated with the oil and gas market and NACE SP0169 is typically used as the appropriate technical guidance. However, nuclear power plants introduce a multitude of very challenging scenarios which may not be appropriate for current NACE guidelines. A Task Group (TG-404) is developing a guidance document specific to the design, installation and maintenance of CP within nuclear power plants. This presentation will provide a series of case studies and outline the numerous challenges associated with providing corrosion control for buried piping within a nuclear facility. Further, solutions to these challenges will be discussed as well as the new TG-404 guidance document.


Room 227 A



The Future of NACE Presented by: Robert Badrak, MR0175/ISO 15156: Proposed Weatherford Changes for a Path Forward Forum The NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 standard has its existing structure unchanged since the translation from the historical NACE MR0175 culminating in the December 2003 publication of the final parts 2 and 3. Our standard has been undergoing a critical review as to whether it should be rewritten to better serve the Oil & Gas Industry. The NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Maintenance Panel (MP) has been wrestling with this subject for about a year and has developed an initial proposed new structure. The purpose of this Forum is to present the work of the MP and solicit feedback and discussions for the path forward.


Room 223

Location

Location Detail


Room 106

RIP Meetings Time

Name

Description


Emergent Materials

This Research in Progress session provides fundamental insight into the processing-structure-corrosion performance relationships of emergent materials are sought. Emergent materials of interest include nanocrystalline, amorphous and high entropy alloys, nanolaminates, nanostructured coatings, additively manufactured metals and composites. Contributions highlighting materials-by-design concepts and approaches for corrosion resistance are encouraged. Chair: Rajeev Gupta Vice Chair: Eric Schindelholz

Committee(s)



Pits, Crevices, and Cracks Day This Research in Progress session 1 deals with all aspects of localized damage of passivating metals, including (but not limited to) stainless steel, Al alloys, Ni alloys, and conventional or newly developing Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs). The localized corrosion phenomena of interest include pitting, crevice, intergranular, and exfoliation corrosion. Fundamental aspects of localized corrosion including initiation mechanisms, transition to stability, and damage accumulation are of particular interest. Additionally, papers related to environmentally assisted cracking phenomena, such as, stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, and hydrogen embrittlement are also welcome.


Room 222 B-C


Room 103

Chair: Brendy Rincon Troconis Vice Chair: Jenifer Locke Monday,9 a.m. to 5 :15p.m.

Coatings and Inhibitors Day 1 This Research in Progress focuses on presentations related to the performance and evolution mechanisms of coatings/inhibitors through chemical or electrochemical (corrosion) aspects, and the interrelationship between composition, processing/technique, microstructural/nanostructural features, and the test environment and coating/inhibitor performance. Approaches to design of improved coating materials and inhibitors and processes based on scientific and experimental data applied to harsh or aggressive environments. Chair: Homero Castaneda-Lopez Vice Chair: Ivan Karayan



Durability of Emergent Materials

Nick Birbilis, SEBASTIAN THOMAS - The past decade has seen the emergence of a number of emerging materials, owing to a more widespread utilisation of computational materials design and additive manufacturing. Furthermore, modern materials are also being utilised in previously unconsidered environments and unique loading scenarios – owing to the emergence of new applications. Herein, a number of examples related to the corrosion of emerging materials will be discussed more generally, including examples of: (i) additively manufactured (i.e. 3D printed) metals and alloys, (ii) high entropy alloys, (iii) ultralightweight alloys, and (iv) experimental materials.




Investigation of hydrogen charge and correlation between hydrogen contents determined by electrochem

Daisuke Mizuno, Minako Morimoto, Hiroki Harada, Nobuyuki Ishikawa - Hydrogen embrittlement is a key problem to apply high strength steels to various structures including automobiles, pipelines, bar products and so on. As hydrogen content in steel increases, crack susceptibility increases. In order to investigate crack resistance, control of hydrogen content in materials is significant. Electrochemical hydrogen permeation is the useful technique to determine hydrogen diffusivity. This technique also gives hydrogen content at steady state from diffusivity and permeation current. Thermal deposition analysis is widely used to characterize hydrogen trapping and hydrogen content in materials. However, correlation of hydrogen contents between those two techniques has not been clarified. In this study, hydrogen was cathodically charged into a martensitic steel under different conditions and hydrogen content was measured by TDA. Whereas, hydrogen permeation test was conducted under same cathodi




Addition of graphene oxide Stefano Rossi, Massimo Calovi, plates in cataphoretic deposited Luca Benedetti - In the last few organic coatings years more and more researches are focused on the deposition of paints containing graphene oxide (GO) to obtain a coating with a high corrosion protection performances [1-5]. Considering the good performances of cataphoretic coating deposition (uniform thickness, less substrate geometry sensitive), the idea is to introduce GO in this kind of coatings. An epoxy-based cataphoretic bath was used. The graphene oxide plates, due to their affinity with epoxy resins, can improve the corrosion resistance properties of the coating obtainable by cataphoretic deposition, through a barrier effect. Different samples sets are considered to evaluate the more suitable supposition parameters to obtain a performance deposit. Starting from a simple single deposition step, which produced a little strange morphology deposit, other combinations made by 2 deposition steps were considered, in order to make the coating even more homogeneous prot




An SVET study of localized interactions between a magnesium-rich primer coating and AA2024-T351

Carol Glover, Balaji Kannan, Geraint Williams, Hamilton McMurray, John Scully - The scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) has been employed to study the ‘galvanic throwing power’ of a magnesiumrich primer (MgRP) when adherent to an AA2024-T351 in full immersion conditions. SVET scanning is carried out in situ across the interface of the MgRP coating system and a large artificial defect. The data provides new insights into the galvanic coupling of substrate and coating when of a commercial pretreatment is in place. Changes in the current density baseline across the coating/defect interface are profiled as a function of time, enabling observations to be made in terms of the ability of the coating to sacrificially protect the substrate. This can be strongly affected by the composition and thickness of the pretreatment. Corrosion occurring on the substrate is characterized by studying the total anodic and total cathodic net current densities in specified regions moving progressive




3D Measurement of Corrosion Krystaufeux Williams, Andrew Pit Morphology Evolution in Geltmacher, Ronald Holtz - Initial 2024 Aluminum Coupons experiments were performed to measure the morphology evolution of corrosion pits in three dimensions (3D) using ex situ Xray Computed Microtomography (XCMT) techniques. Small 2024 Aluminum alloy coupons were immersed for 4 hours in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at freely corroding conditions, removed from solution, dried, and scanned in a Zeiss Versa 520 XCMT microscope to measure the geometry of the corrosion pits in 3D. This process was repeated for a minimum of three cycles to measure the evolution of the pit shapes over time. The specimens are stored in a desiccator when they are not being scanned. 2024 Aluminum was selected due to its accelerated pit formation and growth kinetics. The coupons were approximately 12.5 mm x 12.5 mm x 1.3 mm and the corrosion was limited to the square faces by coating the edges with a water resistant sealant. The initiation and growth of individual pits were monitored and measured. Novel 3




Role of Microstructure and Surface Finish on the Corrosion of Additive 304L Stainless Steel

Eric Schindelholz, Rebecca Schaller, Ajit Mishra, Jeffrey Rodelas, Jason Taylor - The objective of this presented study is to understand the corrosion behavior of powder bed selectively laser melted (SLM) 304L in terms of its unique microstructure and typical surface finishes as compared to a conventional wrought 304L in aqueous chloride and acidic solutions. The SLM process involves selectively melting a pattern in successive layers of powder material to build a 3D structure. Locally high heating and cooling rates (can exceed 10^6 K/s) and steep heat gradients during processing result in microstructures that vary significantly from their conventional thermo-mechanically processed counterparts. There is an immediate need to understand how the unique microstructural features of commercial SLM stainless steels govern their corrosion behavior. Furthermore, given the typically rough surfaces of as-printed SLM parts, due to incomplete fusion of power particles and weld pool balling, there i




A Critical Analysis of Corrosion Fatigue Data for Aluminum Alloy 7075

Christopher Taylor, Jenifer Locke, Leslie Bland - For corrosion fatigue, as in mechanical fatigue, crack growth is related to the mechanical driving force for cracking through the Paris law. The crack growth rate for a given stress intensity factor is uniquely dependent on the environment as well as the microstructure and the mechanical conditions. Examples of variations in the environment that can induce large changes in da/dN may include relative humidity, exposure to salts and/or inhibitors as well as hydrogen, pH and temperature. Variations in microstructure emerge due to the thermomechanical processing, for example, the ageing conditions (over aged, peak aged, etc.). Finally the variations in mechanical conditions include Kmax, stress ratio (R), and the frequency (for non-inert environments). A review of the literature reveals that the crack growth rate can vary over several orders of magnitude for any given and constant stress intensity factor when changes in the environment and/




Analysis of 6000-series Aluminum Alloys Pre-Treated with Model Zr-Based Thin Films

Niamh Hosking, Lim Mary Lyn, Simko Steven, Kerrie Holguin, Kevin Sylvester, Brian Okerberg, Mark Nichols, Reza Rock Aluminum alloys, such as AA6451 and AA6111, have found widespread application to automotive body structures as their favorable strength-to-weight ratios enable fuel efficiency improvements versus traditional ferrous constructions. Detailed understanding of the interaction of the aluminum alloy surface and the processes applied to it in the automotive paintshop is required to ensure the long-term coating durability and corrosion resistance of painted aluminum body panels. The current approach to testing the corrosion resistance of painted aluminum panels is based on measurement of the propagation of paint undercutting from a scribed test panel in a corrosive environment. It is well-established that 6000-series alloys with higher copper contents tested in such a manner tend to have higher propagation rates compared to similar alloys with lower copper content. However, s



Monday,10 :10a.m. to 10 :35a.m.

Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials

Pin Lu, James Saal - Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained tremendous interest from across the industry driven by the incentive to produce complex meta llic materials in a faster, cheaper, and more flexible manner. While the AM materials are usually well characterized in composition, microstructure and mechanical properties, their corrosion performance have been scarcely studied. Corrosion testing of several AM materials, including DED-nickel aluminum bronze (NAB), SLMPH13Mo, and DMLS-aluminum alloys, have been conducted in projects funded by different sources, and the results are reported and discussed in this presentation. The DED fabricated NAB exhibited uniform and much finer microstructure than conventional NAB alloy, and thus was observed to sustain significantly less localized corrosion damage. Effects of Ar and N2 atomization on corrosion of SLM-made PH13Mo were evaluated, where Ar and N2 atomization were used to produce different martensite formabilities of the steel. Pr



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Localized Corrosion in Laser Duane Armell Macatangay, Robert Additively Manufactured 316L Kelly, Nick Birbilis, Sebastian Thomas Laser additive manufacturing (LAM) refers to the 3-D printing of bulk material from powder on a layer by layer basis via laser melting and rapid solidification [1]. In recent years, LAM metallic alloys have garnered attention due to opportunities in waste reduction [1], time and cost efficiency [1], and fabrication of geometrically complex structures [1]. Recent work has shown that mechanical properties such as ductility and strength are equivalent and in some instances even better than those of conventional wrought counterparts [2]. However, little work has been done to investigate the corrosion properties of these alloys. Understanding these mechanisms are paramount to assessing the attendant risks associated with the use of AM alloys in engineering design. In terms of localized corrosion, it has been reported in the literature that compared to the wrought counterpart, AM 316L has greater resistance to pittin



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

A study of the mechanisms involved during general and localized corrosion at elevated temperatures

Daniel Burkle, Yong Hua, Richard Barker, Anne Neville A combination of gravimetric and surface analysis techniques are implemented to understand the general and localized CO2 corrosion behaviour of X65 carbon steel at elevated temperatures (90 to C) in contrast to corrosion resistant alloys (CRAs). Samples were placed into autoclaves containing a CO2-saturated NaCl solution, before being shut in at C and pressurised to 10 bar CO2. The pressure was then allowed to evolve with temperatures up to C. Corrosion experiments were conducted using X65, 13Cr and 25Cr at 90, 150, 200 and C. After exposure to the test solution, samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam-SEM, xray diffraction (XRD), non-contact profilometry and raman spectroscopy. Iron carbonate (FeCO3) was shown to precipitate onto the X65 steel surface in all experiments, but the quantity precipitated reduced with increasing temperature, becoming sporadic in terms of



Monday,10 :45a.m. to 11 :10a.m.

Exploring the New Acceleration Test of Corrosion Assessment on the Curved Structure of Coatings Syst

Seung-ho Ahn, BYUNG SU KIM, Seongkoo Cho Exploring the New Acceleration Test of Corrosion Assessment on the Curved Structure of Coatings Systems for Automotive Applications Byung-Su Kim 1 Seung-ho Ahn1, Seongkoo Cho2 and Homero Castaneda2 1 Hyundai Motor Company R&D, 150, Hyundaiyeongusoro, Namyang-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18280, South Korea ([email protected]) 2 Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843 Automotive industries require the coatings not only as aesthetic but also as barrier environmental protection. To evaluate the protection performance of coatings for automotive applications, a large number of corrosion results have been analyzed on visual inspection, which is dependent on one’s individual viewpoint and difficult to visualize what occurs within. Different results performed at laboratory scale have been observed experimental uncertainties between samples fabricated by laboratory procedures with manufactured a



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Assessment of Non-Chromate Greg Swain, Sarah McFallCoating System Performance Boegeman, Catherine Munson on Aluminum Alloys Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is an effective corrosion inhibitor and is a widely used component of pretreatment conversion coatings and primers employed to protect aluminum and magnesium alloys from corrosion. Due to pending environmental regulations, there is a need to identify suitable replacement coating systems (conversion coatings and primers) that are either non-chromate or zero-chromium because of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr(VI). Innovative technologies need to be developed and demonstrated that would enable the reduction or elimination of hazardous chromate coating systems in production and maintenance processes and reduction of hazardous waste streams. Research is needed to replace the environmentally-unfriendly conversion coatings and primers currently in use with more environmentally-friendly conversion coatings (Type II – compositions containing no hexavalent chromium and Class 3 – corrosion protection wit



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

Cathodic Kinetics on Stainless christopher alexander, Chao Liu, Steels in Conditions Relevant Ryan Katona, Ali Alshanoon, to Atmospheric Corrosion Robert Kelly, Charles Bryan, Eric Schindelholz - The objective of this work is to develop an understanding of oxygen reduction kinetics on 304 and 316 stainless steels in concentrated electrolytes relevant to saline atmospheric conditions. Atmospheric corrosion in marine environments typically occurs under concentrated electrolyte films of micron-scale thickness formed by deliquescence of deposited sea salt aerosols. The propagation of pits conditions is ultimately controlled by the available current provided by the cathode, which is predominately the result of oxygen reduction on stainless steel.1 The rate of oxygen reduction under thin electrolyte films is often diffusion controlled, and therefore, is dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the electrolyte layer, such as film thickness, oxygen diffusivity, and oxygen solubility. Relative humidity, temperature and salt loading are all environmental parameters tha



Monday,11 :10a.m. to 11 :35a.m.

On the stress corrosion crack growth of laser additive manufactured 316L stainless steel

Xiaoyuan Lou, Peter Andresen, Raul Rebak This talk summarizes a comprehensive study of the stress corrosion crack growth behaviour of laser additive-manufactured 316L stainless steel in high temperature water environments. A wide range of parameters and their effects will be discussed, including microstructure, heat treatment, stress intensity factor, cold work, crack orientation, oxidizing vs. reducing conditions, and porosity. The nature of microstructural characteristics and their evolution under different laser processes and heat treatments were studied in detail. This work aims to establish the processingstructure-cracking relationship for additive stainless steel and provide guidance to the ongoing effort of establishing nuclear specification for additive materials.




Mechanical and corrosion properties of CoCrFeNiTibased high-entropy alloy additive manufactured usi

Meichuan Chen, TADASHI FUJIEDA, Hiroshi Shiratori, Kousuke Kuwabara, Kenta Yamanaka, Yuichiro Koizumi, Akihiko Chiba, Seiichi Watanabe We have reported that CoCrFeNiTibased high-entropy alloy with superior tensile strength and corrosion resistance by a combination of additive manufacturing using selective electron beam melting (SEBM) and heat treatment [1]. We could succeed in producing the highdensity and homogeneous CoCrFeNiTi-based high-entropy alloy by using selective laser beam melting (SLM), which exhibited superior tensile properties and corrosion resistance without any heat treatments. I’ll discuss about the differences of microstructure and mechanical and corrosion resistance properties between the alloys fabricated by SLM and SEBM. [1] T. Fujieda, et. al, Mater Lett, 189 (2017) 148–151.




CHARACTERIZING THE CORROSION FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL NOISE ANALYSIS

Christopher Engler, Matthias Oechsner - Lightweight design is a well-established practice in a wide range of industrial application. The overall objective in lightway design is to reduce energy and raw material consumption through the enhancement of the efficiency of materials in service. In transportation sector and supply industry this is related to an increasing demand on performance and comfort whilst decreasing fuel consumption and pollutant emission. This is resulting in a higher and more complex material load. Hence new testing methods have to be developed and implemented in order to meet the upcoming specifications. Aluminum alloys for example in chassis components are subjected to corrosion fatigue load and therefore have to be qualified for their use. Up until now these qualifications are based on fatigue properties in air and additional standard corrosion tests. These approaches do not take the interaction between cyclic mechanical stress and corrosion into account. The beha




Conversation Starter: Faster, Less Expensive Evaluation of Internal Pipe Coatings using Electrochemi

Dustin Traylor A new generation of high temperature Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) coatings are being developed as a lower cost alternative to expensive alloy steels to protect the internal diameter of the world’s tubing, casing, flowlines, and pipelines; however, the highlyfunctional epoxy resin and ingredients in new, high glass transition temperature (Tg) FBEs can make interpretation of testing results difficult for coating specifiers. Dustin Traylor of Axalta Coating Systems explores the benefits of using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) after autoclave testing to assess a coating’s life expectancy.




Corrosion Behavior of an Electroless Ni-P Coating in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage system with the

Jingli Luo, Chong Sun, Hongbo Zeng, Vahidoddin Fattahpour, Mahdi Mahmoudi - Corrosion Behavior of an Electroless Ni-P Coating in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage system with the coexistence of CO2, H2S, and/or ClChong Sun, Hongbo Zeng, Jing-Li Luo* Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada Vahidoddin Fattahpour, Mahdi Mahmoudi RGL Reservoir Management Inc. 3735 8th Street, Nisku, Alberta, T9E 8J8, Canada In steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) system, carbon steel is the most common material used as slotted liner because of its low cost. However, carbon steel is susceptible to corrosion in complex corrosive environments containing CO2, H2S and chlorine compounds. Among various corrosion protection techniques, coating protection is an effective way to improve the physical and chemical properties of carbon steel slotted liner, where an electroless Ni-P coating, characterized by its good resistance to corrosion,




Comparing the Hydrogen Trapping Capacity and Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Ca-Treated X60

Sara Filice, Joseph Kish, Fateh Fazeli The aim of this research is to identify problematic microstructural features as hydrogen traps in linepipe steel that serve to increase the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility. A comparison is made between the hydrogen trapping capacity and associated hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of Ca-treated X60 grade steel skelp and X70 grade steel skelp: the latter typically being more susceptible to hydrogeninduced cracking in sour environments. Through-thickness variations in the steel skelp microstructure were characterized across multi-length scales using light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Key features under study include the composition, shape, and distribution of non-metallic inclusions, as well as differences in features present EHWZHHQWKHTXDUWHUOLQHóDQGô GHSWKV DQGFHQWHUOLQHòGHSWK microstructures. The type, count, and average size o




Corrosion Resistant High Entropy Alloys

Orion Swanson, Tianshu Li, Gerald Frankel, Angela Gerard, Kathleen Quiambao, John Scully, Pin Lu, James Saal Orion Swanson1, Tianshu Li1, Gerald Frankel1, Angela Gerard2, Kathleen Quiambao2, John Scully2, Pin Lu3, and James Saal3 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 2University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 3QuesTek Innovations, Evanston, IL High entropy alloys (HEAs) are a new class of alloy composed of five or more major alloying elements, each making up between 5 at% and 35 at% of the composition. High entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown promising characteristics of superior corrosion resistance, and have an advantageous compositional space, which is largely unexplored. The intent of this project is to develop greater understanding of how composition influences the corrosion resistance of HEAs in chloride solutions. An integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) approach has been adopted to produce single phase corrosion resistant HEAs. A combination of empi




On the Passivation of Recently-Synthesized Highly Corrosion Resistant High Entropy Alloys

Kathleen Quiambao, Angela Gerard, Keren Freedy, Stephen McDonnell, James Saal, Pin Lu, Orion Swanson, Tianshu Li, Gerald Frankel, John Scully - High entropy alloys (HEAs) are emerging materials that have recently attracted great interest.[1-8] This class of alloys deviates from traditional alloys by containing five or more elements in nearly equiatomic concentrations rather than a single solvent element with several major and minor solute elements. This distinction often leads to unique characteristics with regards to microstructure and material properties. For instance, solid solution alloys may be successfully formed in some cases which in others secondary phases form[5], leading to a more general term for these materials: compositionally complex alloys (CCAs). These alloys have been reported to have high hardness, strength, thermal stability, and good oxidation resistance.[8-11] However, few HEAs or CCAs have been produced with corrosion resistance as a primary goal.[12] The design




Comparison of the Corrosion Behavior of Automotive Wrought and Ablation Cast Al-Mg-Si Alloys

Dadi Zhang, Jenifer Locke The growing demand for weight reduction of automobiles is leading to increased application of aluminum alloys as replacements for traditional steels. Because automotive Al alloys can be susceptible to localized corrosion when subjected to environments with corrosive salts, like wet winter roads, the corrosion resistance of automotive Al alloys in service relevant environments must be quantified and understood. The objective of this work is to quantify and comparatively understand the corrosion performance of wrought automotive 6xxx Al alloys and 6xxx-like Al alloys fabricated by a newly developed Ablation casting process. Specifically, this work aims to correlate the corrosion behavior of various wrought and Ablation cast Al-Mg-Si alloys with their microstructure utilizing various accelerated corrosion testing techniques to identify the effects of environmental factors such as pH, salt concentration, and wet and dry time. The Ablation casting process devel




Characterizing and understanding Self Healing microcapsules embedded in reinforced concrete structur

Reece Goldsberry, Jose Milla, Homero Castaneda, Marwa Hassan Microencapsulated corrosion inhibitors embedded in concrete will be tested for their efficiency to mitigate corrosion in rebar and thus extend the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Two corrosion inhibition mechanisms are proposed, where (a) calcium nitrate microcapsules rupture during a cracking event and thereby release the core material; and (b) triethanolamine microcapsules that release the core material due to pH changes in the local environment. The compounds are reportedly known to retard the corrosion of steel, and will be encapsulated in polymeric shells and mixed into concrete at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, and 2.00% by weight of cement). This work presents the interfacial characterization of corrosioninhibiting agents by exposing the concrete specimens to continuous ponding and periodic electrochemical tests, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (




Corrosion Inhibition of AZ31 Mg Alloy with Aqueous Selenite (SeO32-)

Zhiyuan Feng, Belinda Hurley, Rudolph Buchheit The corrosion inhibition of Mg with aqueous selenite was studied and has shown a dependence on the concentration of selenite and the morphology of the resulting protective selenium film. Experiments were performed in 0.1 M NaCl combined with concentrations of sodium selenite ranging from 0.5 mM to 50 mM. 24-hour immersion tests resulted in the formation of either a grey, black or red film on the AZ31 substrates, corresponding with a low, medium or high concentration of selenite, respectively. No localized corrosion was visually observed on any of the surfaces, regardless of selenite concentration. Corrosion inhibition performance was also evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Cathodic polarization curves obtained after a 30 minute hold in each of the selenite/NaCl solutions displayed a reduction in cathodic current of approximately one order of magnitude versus control, whic




Critical Factors Determining 5REHUW/LOODUG',$1$08f2= Crevice Corrosion Propagation SALGADO, Shirin mehrazi and Repassivation Crevice corrosion propagation requires the formation and conservation of a solution of metal chlorides of minimum concentration. We have shown previously for alloy 625 that the minimum concentration of metal salts for active dissolution is approximately 3 molal (m). That is, for a solution made from Ni, Cr, Mo, Fe and Nb chlorides in the same ratio as they appear in the alloy, the minimum concertation necessary for an active to passive transition is 3m. The ability of the crevice to develop and maintain this solution depends on crevice gap and diffusion length, sometimes referred to as the gap to depth ratio. In the present investigation, we study these critical factors for crevice corrosion propagation using a remote crevice assembly. We are able to calculate, for the first time, the current density at the active site as a function of distance from the crevice mouth using an acrylic crevice former and stereo microscope which a




Study of Microelectrochemical Behaviors of AZ91D Mg Alloy Using Local Measurements

Ahmad Karayan, Homero Castaneda This study presents the role of AlMn precipitate, eutectic, ĮDQG phase in micro-galvanic and pitting corrosion of AZ91D using local measurement techniques. A number of techniques will be employed such as local potentiodynamic polarization (LPDP), local impedance spectroscopy (LEIS), and scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET). The LPDP and LEIS will be performed using a microcapillary cell that allows us to individually polarize and explore the impedance of each of the microststructural features of interest. The LPDP testing showed that Įmatrix was more active than SKDVH QEVS2XURQJRLQJ investigation indicated that the eutectic phase was even more active than Įmatrix without any passive domain in its polarization curve. 7KHSRODUL]DWLRQFXUYHRISKDVH in contrast, showed a long passive domain. To explore more detail about the electrochemical reaction at the metal-solution interface locally, LEIS will be employed on each microstructura




Exploring the effect of nonchloride anion in electrolyte on the negative difference effect at pure

V S Raja, Poorwa Gore, Nick Birbilis Magnesium (Mg) alloys, which are finding increasing applications due to their lightweight, nominally have high rates of corrosion. The rate of hydrogen evolution, which is the cathodic reaction upon Mg in aqueous electrolytes, increases with increase in applied anodic potential (or applied anodic current density) in Mg alloys in several aqueous solutions; which is known as the negative difference effect (NDE) [1]. This phenomenon leads to reduced efficiency in Mg alloy anodes, and also makes the accurate determination of corrosion rates of Mg alloys using Tafel extrapolation difficult. However, more importantly, the phenomenon responsible for NDE, which is termed ‘cathodic activation’, is also responsible for increasing the corrosion rate of Mg and generation of superfluous hydrogen. Superfluous hydrogen can also cause accelerated hydrogen embrittlement in Mg alloys at anodic potentials [2]. In the present investigation, testing in an electroly



Monday,2 :35p.m. to 3 p.m.

Effect of temper conditions on environmentally assisted cracking of 7xxx series aluminum alloys

V S Raja, Jenifer Locke, Ajay Krishnan Copper containing age hardenable aluminum Al-Zn-Mg-Cu (7xxx series) alloys are widely used in the aerospace sector due to their high specific strength. However, these alloys undergo environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) leading to premature failures especially in the peak aged conditions. 7xxx alloys are commonly over aged (OA) to increase the EAC resistance comes at the expense of yield strength (1015%) when treated to the T74 condition. The thermal aging techniques proposed so far to obtain a combination of both peak strength (T6) and EAC resistance simultaneously have either failed to achieve this objective or have been found to be impractical to implement [1,2]. Therefore, this has been a subject of study by these authors. This study focuses on tailoring microstructures through a unique thermal treatment for 7xxx alloys for obtaining strength levels (yield and tensile) equivalent to T6 temper without sacrificing the EAC resistance. SCC



Monday,2 :35p.m. to 3 p.m.

Corrosion of Silicon Carbide with Cr, CrN, and TiN Coatings in High Temperature Water

Stephen Raiman - SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) materials are an attractive accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding candidate. However, the high dissolution rate of SiC/SiC CMCs in light water reactor (LWR) coolant indicates a need for environmental barrier coatings. For this study, candidate coatings were applied to SiC substrates, and exposed for up to 600h in high temperature water (C) with added hydrogen or oxygen to mimic LWR conditions. Samples were weighed for mass change, and examined with light microscopy, electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Samples coated with Cr and CrN experienced less mass loss compared to uncoated SiC. TiN coated samples gained mass due to oxide formation, and exhibited the greatest mass gain in BWR normal water chemistry. This work discusses how these findings affect the suitability of the coatings for use as corrosion inhibitors on SiC materials for ATF cladding This work was funded by U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclea




Role of the extended solid solubility and nanocrystalline structure on corrosion of HEBM Al-V alloys

Javier Esquivel, Rajeev Gupta Non-conventional production techniques and new chemical compositions are explored to circumvent the tradeoff between strength and corrosion resistance in commercial Al alloys. The strategy followed in this work consists of producing superstatured solid solution of Al-V and grain refinement below 100 nm by highenergy ball milling. Our previous work in Al-M alloys (M: Cr, Si, Mo, Ti, Mn, V, Ni and Nb) produced by high-energy ball milling have shown excellent corrosion resistance and hardness much higher than any commercial Al alloy. Among the tested alloys, Al-V system exhibited exceptional corrosion resistance [1]. However, the mechanism whereby V additions resulted in this outstanding improvement has not been well understood. In this work, Al-V alloys with a wide range of V content were synthesized by high-energy ball milling. The amount of V in solid solution was determined using Xray diffraction (XRD) analysis, where a change in the lattice par




Effects of Aging Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion of Altered Surface Layer on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu

Shan-Shan Wang, Daniel Huber, Gerald Frankel Surface abrasion, sometimes followed by polishing, can create an altered surface layer (ASL) with thickness of a few hundreds of nanometers, which has different microstructure than the underlying bulk [1-9]. Such an ASL typically contains ultrafine subgrains with enrichment of solutes at subgrain boundaries, and also involves phase transformation. ASLs have been shown to exhibit a different corrosion resistance than the underlying matrix, and can be either more susceptible or more resistant to corrosion [1-9]. The ASL microstructure evolution on AA7055-T77 and -T73 after surface abrasion and post-natural aging of 2, 12, and 42 months has been studied [6]. After natural aging, unusual phases not typically formed in AA7xxx alloys were observed to precipitate at the subgrain boundaries in the ASL. Specifically, relatively pure Zn, Al2Cu and AlCu phases were identified by EDS and electron diffraction. Mg was not found in any of the particles




Effect of NO3- intercalation on corrosion resistance of conversion coated ZnAl-CO3 layered double hy

Katsuya Hoshino, Rudolph Buchheit, Shinichi Furuya Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are chemical compounds with the general formula M2+(1-X)M3+X 2+ $Q [QǜP+2ZKHUH0 is a divalent cation, M3+ is a trivalent cation and An- is an anion. LDH compounds have layered crystal structures consisting of a mixed M2+/M3+ hydroxide layer separated by a layer containing hydrated anions An-. It is well known that interlayer anions are exchangeable with anions present in a contacting solution. Anion exchange is the basis for the storage-and-release inhibitor concept that underlies LDH-based corrosion inhibiting pigment development. LDH compounds can be produced by hydrothermal synthesis with ease, and LDH-based conversion coatings produced by simple immersion processes have been demonstrated on aluminum alloys and galvanized steel. It was shown previously that a corrosionresistant ZnAl-CO3 LDH coating can be made to form on hot-dip galvanized steel sheets by immersion in a sodium aluminate




Corrosion behavior of major intermetallic phases in Al-Li alloy AA2070

Yakun Zhu, Gerald Frankel Corrosion behavior of major intermetallic phases in Al-Li alloy AA2070 Yakun Zhu, Gerald S. Frankel Fontana Corrosion Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1185, USA *Email: [email protected]; Tel: 614 -688-4128 Kai Sun, Jacob Garves, John Allison Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA Abstract Al-Li alloys are designed to provide lower density, higher modulus, higher specific strength, and improved fatigue properties relative to traditional aluminum alloys and have been widely used in aerospace engineering [1]. These alloys, however, are very susceptible to localized corrosion, which can be initiated by the attack of intermetallic particles [2] and is significantly promoted by the galvanic interactions between the matrix and more noble intermetallic particles on the submicron to 10micron scale [2,3,4]. This raises concerns about environmental degradation and service lifet




Evaluating The Potential For Atmospheric Corrosion And Stress Corrosion Cracking Of 304 Stainless St

Tim Weirich, Charles Bryan, Eric Schindelholz, Jenifer Locke, christopher alexander Evaluating The Potential For Atmospheric Corrosion And Stress Corrosion Cracking Of 304 Stainless Steel Used For Dry Storage Of Spent Nuclear Fuel Tim Weirich1, Christopher Alexander2, Charles Bryan2, Eric Schindelholz2, Jenifer (Warner) Locke1 1: The Ohio State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Fontana Corrosion Center, 105 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 2: Sandia National Laboratories, Materials Reliability Department and Department of Storage and Transportation Technologies, Albuquerque, NM 87185 Spent dry nuclear fuel (SNF) in the United States is stored in a welded 304/316 stainless steel (SS) shell surrounded by a vented concrete overpack on-site at the commercial reactor where it is generated. The ambient air used to cool the SNF can contain corrosive aerosols (i.e Cl-) that have been shown to deposit on the outside surface of the SS canister. At sufficie




Effect of Zn Content on the Electrochemical Properties of Continuous Galvanized Coatings on PHS

Caitlin Dever, Joseph Kish, Joseph McDermid - The requirement for improved fuel efficiency and decreased CO2 consumption, while maintaining or improving passenger safety, has increased the interest in the use of advanced high strength steels by the automotive industry. Press hardened steels (PHS) are used within the body-in-white as anti-intrusion parts and structural reinforcements. At present, the predominantly used PHS grade is 22MnB5. Automotive OEMs have expressed their desire that these parts have Zn-based coatings to maintain existing paint system compatibility while providing robust cathodic protection. The steel blanks are often direct hot press formed (DHPF), which yields challenges to the Zn-based coatings on 22MnB5. For example, the widespread adoption of Zn-based PHS coatings within the automotive industry has been delayed due to the issues associated with the possibility of liquid metal embrittlement (LME) while concurrently yielding a cathodically protective coating. Pr




Influence of processing & strain localization on the corrosion of nanostructured aluminum

Ramatou Ly, Karl Ted Hartwig Strain localization under the form of shear bands, are common in materials deformed at high strain rate by severe plastic deformation techniques. Because of their complexe thermomechanical history relative to the matrix, they exhibit a higher reactivity that control the material overall corrosion resistance. In this presentation we will first present their internal microstructure (precipitates and grains morphology/distribution) characterized by AFM, SKPFM, EBSD, SIMS followed by the corrosion test results.




Growth Kinetics of Intergranular and Intersubgranular Corrosion in AlCu-Li alloy 2099

Ben Hanna - The localized corrosion behavior for heat-treated 3rd generation Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2099 $O2.7&X1.8/L0.6=Q0.3 0J0.30Q0.08Zr) was characterized based on the morphology of attack after exposure to NaCl/H2O2 aqueous solutions. Specific attention was paid to intergranular and inter-subgranular forms of corrosion and the dependence of those forms of attack on sample heat treatment. Samples were isothermically aged at between C and C for 12 to 168 hours. This range of heat treatments captured the under-aged, peak-aged, and over-aged conditions in the alloy. The peak-aged and over-aged specimens were susceptible to intergranular corrosion (IGC) and/or inter-subgranular corrosion (IsGC), which has been attributed to the formation of anodic Al2CuLi (T1) particles along grain boundaries. Additional electrochemical characterization was conducted to quantify the attack growth kinetics. Specimens were exposed to a 10 mM NaCl solution while the anodic potential slowly increa




Characterization of a Magnesium-Rich Epoxy primer with different magnesium content on Al7075 T6 alum

Brenda Galicia Characterization of a MagnesiumRich Epoxy primer with different magnesium content on Al7075 T6 aluminum B. Galicia, I. Coleman and +&DVWDxHGD Materials Science and Engineering, National Corrosion and Materials Reliability Center (NCMRC) Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA ABSTRACT Aluminum 7075 T6 has a wide variety of applications in transportation due to its high strength-to-density ratio, including marine, automotive and aviation. For its protection, traditionally chromate conversion coatings were applied owing to their high efficiency. However, this coatings do not comply with environmental regulations. As a result, the design of multifunctional coatings is a feasible solution for these limitations. As an example, zincrich primers provide barrier and sacrificial protection to steel substrates. Other metals, like aluminum and magnesium, are used as sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection to steel. This research is focused on




Corrosion of High Entropy Alloys in High Temperature Pressurized Water

En-Hou Han, Chang Xiang, Jianqiu Wang, Zhiming Zhang - The highentropy alloy, with 5 or above elements, and each element with 5% to 35% (at%), become popular sine 1990th since its high hardness, high compressive strength, very good wearing property, excellent anti-oxidation and heat stability. There are a few corrosion research of high-entropy alloys and only one paper related with oxidation in supercritical water. However almost no published results related with corrosion in nuclear power condition. Since it’s excellent anti-oxidation property, it’s necessary to study its possibility to use high-entropy alloy in high temperature high pressure nuclear power water. Three high- entropy alloys Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5Mo0.1, AlCoCrFeNiSi0.1 and TaNbHfZrTi were prepared by arc melting. Their phase structure, microstructure and chemical composition were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A commercial alloy 690TT was used as the contrast




Intergranular Beta Phase Distribution in Sensitized AlMg Alloys of Varying Composition and Temper

Raewyn Haines, Matthew McMahon, Patrick Steiner, James Burns, Sarah Fakler Commonly used in marine applications, the AA5xxx-series is a lightweight family of aluminum alloys that are solid solution strengthened via a supersaturation of the Al matrix with 5 wt.% magnesium. Exposing AA5xxxseries to mildly elevated temperatures in service can lead to intergranular precipitation of the ȕ phase (Al3Mg2) in a process called sensitization [1]. The extent of sensitization (the ȕdensity) is estimated via the ASTM G-67 Nitric Acid Mass Loss Test (NAMLT)). The ȕphase is highly anodic to the Al matrix, and in the presence of aggressive environments the dissolution of this phase can lead to severe intergranular corrosion (IGC), and intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IG-SCC) in the presence of an applied stress. Thus the NAMLT test has become a proxy for estimating AA5xxx susceptibility to these phenomena, which increase in severity with increasing intergranular ȕdensity. The NAMLT tes




Enhanced UV stability of epoxy coatings by incorporating DPP pigments

Weixiu Zeng - Different formulations of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) pigmented epoxy coatings were generated. The coated panels were exposed to UV radiation environment produced by a QUV aging chamber. The UV stability of the coatings was evaluated by color difference, gloss retention, and thickness change. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the UV degradation of coatings after UV exposure. The barrier property of coatings before and after UV exposure was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). UV/Vis, SEM, optical microscope, and some mechanical test methods were also used to study other characterizations. It was found that the DPP pigmented epoxy coatings exhibited improved UV stability than epoxy coatings without DPP pigments. The FTIR result showed that adding DPP pigments can slow down the UV degradation of epoxy coatings. In addition, EIS result showed that DPP pigmented epoxy coating maintained its excellent anti-corrosion prop




Fundamental Insights into the Nanoengineering of High Performance Concrete

Rani George, Manu Harilal, Sudha Uthaman, Balakrishnan Anandkumar, John Philip, Mudali U Kamachi - Concrete the backbone of infrastructures is a composite material with nanostructures and multiphases. Though the exceptional durability of Portland cement concrete make it the world’s most widely used construction material, material quality, improper mix design and construction processes and severe exposure conditions leads to concrete deterioration. The complex structure / hydration phenomena of concrete that is effective on microand nanoscale plays a critical role in determining their properties, mechanical behavior and in the long-term durability. The control of shrinkage and cracking in concrete by capillary forces in 100 nm partially saturated pores; rheology control by absorption of super plasticizer on cement grains and strength and durability control by few nanometer sized primary hydrate phase C-S-H are few well established examples. Thus engineering the complex structure of c




Loading Frequency and Sensitization Effects on Corrosion Fatigue Crack Growth Rates of AA5456H116

David Schrock, Jenifer Locke, Allison Akman Aluminum alloy 5456-H116 is a magnesium rich, solid solution strengthened and strain hardened alloy used in aggressive marine environments for its superior corrosion resistance. However, exposure to slightly elevated temperatures for sufficient amounts of time reduces corrosion resistance due to a phenomenon known as sensitization. Long-term exposure to temperatures as low as C causes precipitation of intermetallic beta phase (Al3Mg2) on grain boundaries, which increases susceptibility to intergranular corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and corrosion fatigue (CF). Currently, high frequency testing is utilized to estimate the effect of sensitization on CF of high Mg 5xxx alloys. However, most fatigue loads for in-service naval ships are on the order of 0.01 Hz or lower. This work aims to understand the influence of loading frequency (f) and degree of sensitization (DoS) on CF crack growth kinetics (da/dN) by measuring da/d




Impact of Phosphonate and Polymeric Scale Inhibitors on Corrosion at High Temperatures

Zhengwei Liu, Carlos Menendez, Stewart-Ayala Jonathan, Johnathon Brooks, Sunder Ramachandran Corrosion and scale are closely related in some oil and gas production cases, particularly at high temperature, high salinity, and high calcium conditions. Initial corrosion of steels may lead to the formation of protective iron species of siderite and magnetite. The formation of siderite or magnetite may well be influenced by the presence of scale inhibitors. In other cases, scaling process may provide some semi-protective scales like calcium carbonate. This may lead to an apparent lowered corrosion rate, but may impose difficulty in further corrosion rate reduction by corrosion inhibitors. In addition to the interaction of two processes (scaling and corrosion), typical test duration in the lab for the selection of the two inhibitors is very different, from less than two hours in the scale inhibitor (SI) case to up to two weeks in corrosion inhibitor (CI) case. Understanding the scale inhi




Localized corrosion mechanism in AA2198 alloy


Pits, Crevices, and Cracks Day 2

Isolda Costa, Uyime Donatus, Mariana Milagre, Caruline Machado, Joao Victor Araujo, Maicon Alencar The AA2198 alloy is a new generation Al – Cu – Li alloy. The new generation Al-Cu-Li alloys, also referred to as the 3rd generation Al-Cu-Li alloys, have been of research interest in recent times. The alloys are developed for aerospace applications and are notable for their significantly reduced density and increased elastic modulus compared with conventional aerospace aluminium alloys such as the AA2024 alloy. Importantly, the 3rd generation alloys have been developed to possess structures with enhanced properties and mechanical advantages over the 1st and 2nd generation Al-Li alloys. These advantages come from the controlled addition of Li, Cu and other minor alloying elements, in addition to carefully designed thermomechanical processing routes for the alloys. However, establishing the understanding of the structure – property – performance relationships of these alloys is highly i



Room 131 A-B



Corrosion and Biocompatibility of Biomedical Alloys and Implant Devices

This Research in Progress session is seeking abstracts that will examine all aspects of corrosion and degradation pertaining to implant alloys as well as device interaction with the surrounding biological environment. Topics of interest include mechanisms of corrosion or degradation of materials as a result of interaction of implants with the host tissue; surface treatment of materials to inhibit corrosion or enhance biocompatibility; in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo testing methods, development of new alloys, devices and constructs; implantation procedures and lifetime predictions and material/device monitoring, etc. Presentations will focus on the latest results and accomplishments.


Room 106


Room 103

Chair: Vilupanur Ravi Vice Chair: Travis Voorhees Tuesday,9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Coatings and Inhibitors Day 2 This Research in Progress focuses on presentations related to the performance and evolution mechanisms of coatings/inhibitors through chemical or electrochemical (corrosion) aspects, and the interrelationship between composition, processing/technique, microstructural/nanostructural features, and the test environment and coating/inhibitor performance. Approaches to design of improved coating materials and inhibitors and processes based on scientific and experimental data applied to harsh or aggressive environments. Chair: Homero Castaneda-Lopez Vice Chair: Ivan Karayan



Modeling & Simulation Research in Progress

This Research in Progress session focuses on presentations related to the development of state of the art modeling for different kinds of corrosion mechanisms. Contributions on the latest development of models considering the mechanistic interplay between mechanical, chemical, and electrochemical interactions and the ability to predict material performance or damage accumulation in aggressive environments are of particular interest. The publications should make emphasis on validation, by either experimental or field-testing, as well on detailing the mathematical approaches considered for the modeling from a mechanistic perspective. Publications considering Stochastical methods for modeling complex systems are encouraged. Chair: Raymundo Case Vice Chair: Jing Ning


Room 125 A-B



Localized Corrosion Resistance of TitaniumContaining Cast AA7xxx Aluminum Alloys for Automotive App

Jordan Kramp, Joseph Kish Wrought 7xxx-series aluminum alloys are widely used in the aerospace and automobile industries due to their relatively high strength and low density properties. To further reduce the weight of vehicles, lightweight AA7xxx casting and age hardened net shape components is of particular interest. Research focusing on the effect of alloy composition and heat treatment on the localized corrosion resistance was conducted to identify initiation and propagation mechanisms of ten cast AA7xxx Al alloys. By varying the Zn (3.5-6.5 wt%), Mg (1.5-2.5 wt%), Cu (0-2.4 wt%), and Ti (0.06-0.24 wt%) compositions very distinct and unique microstructures were produced. Zinc, magnesium, and copper contents affected the chemistry of the grain boundaries, and the type of precipitates and intermetallic particles formed. Titanium was added for grain refinement, but the additions produced titanium-rich dendritic imprints within each grain. Aging curves were produced for each alloy




An analysis of the body simulated deterioration of Ti alloys through tribocorrosion

Mozart Neto, Mark Rainforth Titanium alloys are one of the most used materials in the biomedical field and their corrosion and tribocorrosion properties are crucial for orthopaedic implant application such as hip replacements. The mechanisms and effects of tribocorrosion need to be understood in order to propose improvements to the ȕor near ȕ alloys specifically. This work evaluated the wear and tribocorrosion behaviour of 4ȕ titanium alloys: Ti-13Nb-13Zr Įȕ alloy), Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe ȕalloy), Ti-35Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr ȕalloy) and Ti-35Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Į’’+ȕalloy). Regarding the corrosion rate and corrosion current, Ti-35Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Į’’+ȕalloy) showed the lowest value and Ti-35Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr ȕalloy) showed the highest value. However, the opposite trend was seen on the corrosion potential where Ti-35Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr Į’’+ȕalloy) exhibited the highest value and Ti-35Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr ȕalloy) the lowest value. The results show no significant variation in specific wear rate and wear mech




A Mechanistic Model for Iron Carbonate Layer Formation and Growth under CO2 Environment

Yoon-Seok Choi, Bernardus Pots, Srdjan Nesic - An important aspect in corrosion prediction for oil and gas wells and pipelines is to obtain a realistic estimate of the corrosion rate under various operational parameters. One of the important factor affecting the corrosion rate prediction is the presence of corrosion product layer (FeCO3). The stability, protectiveness, precipitation rate and the adherence of this layer determine the rate of corrosion. A mechanistic model of FeCO3 layer formation and growth has been developed and improved. In the model, the layer formation occurs by precipitation of FeCO3 once saturation is exceeded. The layer growth is attributed to FeCO3 precipitation and undermining corrosion. It is also characterized by the change in porosity, where high porosity indicates porous FeCO3 layer. In the present study, previously developed model was improved by implementing front tracking scheme and exact analytical solution in order to avoid numerical instability. The m




In the search for alternative treatments for corrosion protection of the AA2024-T3 alloy

Rafael Klumpp, Caruline Machado, Isolda Costa Two surface treatments for corrosion protection of the AA2024-T3 alloy were studied and their results were compared. The treatments were Cerium based conversion coating treatment and hydrothermal treatment in cerium containing solution, either without and with a sealing treatment with bis-1,2-(trietoxysilyl) ethane (BTSE). The corrosion resistance of the various types of surfaces was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), neutral salt spray testing (SST) and immersion test (IT). The results showed that the best performance was associated to the hydrothermal treatment sealed with bis-1,2-(trietoxysilyl) ethane (BTSE).




Inhibition effect of new imidazole derivative on mild steel in 1M HCl: An experimental and theoretic

Parul Dohare - Keywords: mild steel; EIS; SEM; AFM; DFT Purpose-The purpose of this research work was to investigate the corrosion inhibition performance of newly synthesized imidazole derivative namely 1-(4methylbenzyl)-2-p-tolyl-1H-benzo [d]imidazole (MTB) as potential environment-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M HCl, which has application in petroleum industry during the acidizing process. Design/methodology/approachMTB was taken in the concentration range of 25-100 mg/L and investigated by various techniques like electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Tafel polarization and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques at 308K in 1M HCl for mild steel corrosion. The experimental result was further supported by the quantum chemical study. Results- The inhibition efficiency shown by MTB at 100 mg/L are 97.7 at 308 K in 1M HCl. Tafel polarization revealed that MTB acts as a mixed corrosion inhibitor and their adsorption on mild steel obeyed Langmuir's ad




Bayesian Networking Modeling for Risk Assessment of Excavation Damage to the Pipeline

Shan Guan, Francois Ayello, Narasi Sridhar - Excavation damage (a major form of Third Party Damage) represents the largest threat to the safety of onshore oil and gas pipelines, which counts for 22.5% of overall incidents. Monitoring technology, for example real-time monitoring of pipeline using fiberoptic sensors, can help to reduce the risk of excavation damage. However, given the fact that pipelines normally extend over great geographical distances, it is technically and economically impractical to install monitoring devices everywhere on the pipeline. A more practical solution is to install monitoring devices to the high risk and high consequence segments of the pipeline. In this paper, we report a modeling approach using Bayesian Networking to quantify the excavation damage risk to the pipeline. Bayesian networking modeling possesses the advantage to quantify the uncertainties and identify where the reduction of these uncertainties has the greatest benefit in terms of the overall




An Ideal Biodegradable Bone Implant: Electrochemical Investigation

Nancy David Natural bone is a bio-composite assembled through the orderly deposition of a calcium–phosphate mineral called hydroxyapatite (HA) [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] within the collagenous matrix. This integration may be lost due to many reasons such as osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, trauma / injury leading to open – nonunion bone defects. The gold standard treatment of delayed or non-union fractures is to replace the damaged area with autologous bone graft, but its limitations include donor site morbidity, pain and limited quantity of harvestable bone. The three main aspects to be considered while designing a biomaterial for bone replacement are chemical, mechanical and biological compatibility. Metals and alloys that exhibit the abovementioned properties facilitate bone remodeling while retaining their functionality as implants. In particular, biodegradable magnesium-based metal implants are one of the latest developments in biomaterials science. The combination of high strength, ligh




Metal-Rich Coating Development for Environmental Fracture Mitigation in Al-Mg Alloys

Matthew McMahon, John Scully, James Burns - The AA5xxx-series is a lightweight family of aluminum alloys commonly utilized in place of heavier steel components in marine vehicles for increased speed and fuel efficiency [1]. Specifically, AA5456 is solid solution strengthened by a supersaturation of the Al-matrix with 5 wt. % Mg. However, mildly elevated temperatures can lead to precipitation of the ȕphase (Al3Mg2) on the grain boundaries in a process called sensitization, which is often quantified by the ASTM G-67 Nitric Acid Mass Loss Test (NAMLT)). The ȕ phase is highly anodic to the matrix and in the presence of aggressive environments can lead to severe intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IG-SCC) [2]. This behavior is governed by a coupled anodic dissolution process (of the ȕ phase and under certain conditions the Al matrix), which by the hydrolytic acidification mechanism catalyzes an aggressive local crack tip chemistry. This acidic environment lowers the crack pH, which




Microstructural and corrosion characteristics of Quenched and Self-Tempered steel reinforcing bars

Sooraj Kumar A O Nair Quenched and Self-Tempered steel reinforcing bars are widely used in reinforced concrete structures. A typical QST steel bar constitutes a hard peripheral tempered-martensite(TM) ring around a soft ferrite-pearlite (FP) core responsible for its relatively higher strength and ductility respectively. A goodquality QST steel bar shows a uniform and continuous TM ring. However, macroetching of 8, 12, and 16 mm diameter bars showed defective TM rings. This research reports the presence and classification of defective microstructural phase distribution and its effects on the corrosion and mechanical characteristics of QST steel bars. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests on TM and FP coupon specimens in simulated concrete pore solution have shown that FP has a 15% lower chloride threshold than TM. Also, tension tests on steel bars have shown that the variation of stress-strain behaviour of poorquality bars is higher than goodquality bars. Hence, a TMring tes




CoCrMo alloys in hip and knee Righdan Namus, Mark Rainforth replacements applications CoCrMo alloys have been widely used in metal on metal (MoM) hip replacements. On the one hand, they have exhibited excellent long-term survival rates, but recently high failure rates have been observed, believed to be associated with adverse local tissue reactions. It is still a puzzle why CoCrMo alloys sometimes work very well, while at the other times the wear rate is unacceptably high. There have been several reports that the formation of a surface organic layer appears to reduce the wear rate. Equally, the formation of a surface nanocrystalline layer has been observed, but it remains unclear whether this is a desirable phenomenon or not. Bio-metallic materials in orthopaedic applications experience a complex interaction between electrochemical aspects in term of corrosion and mechanical aspects in term of wear in what is called tribocorrosion. Therefore, the present project is an extended study of corrosion, tribology, and tribocorrosion behvavior




Corrosion Mapping in Utility Combustion Boilers

Tony Rizk Utility coal and other solid fuel boilers are often subject to extremely corrosive environment. Due to the variability in the heating value of the fuel, high moisture content, and Chlorine and Sulfur levels, it is difficult to maintain a stable flame temperature while minimize flue gas and slag attack on the boiler walls. These factors contribute to a highly corrosive atmosphere in the boiler. Specifically, the boiler walls are subjected to very high flue gas temperature and slag content in an alternately oxidizing and reducing environment. The literature is abound in studies of the combustion aerodynamics of boilers. In contrast, there is very limited work that examines the coupled combustion aerodynamics and corrosion mechanisms in the boiler. Boiler engineers and operators need more boiler information to produce the least variability in the flue gas temperature and excess air, reduce Nitrogen Oxides, and most importantly reduce the corrosion potential in the boiler. Th




Microencapsulated Smart Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in Concrete

David Bastidas Deterioration of reinforced concrete structures (RCS) is a costly problem, with an estimated cost of three to four percent of the gross national product (for direct and indirect costs) in developed countries due to maintenance and repair operations. The main cause of RCS degradation is the corrosion of steel reinforcement, due to a pH reduction arising from the concrete carbonation process or the penetration of chlorides leading to depassivation of steel. The aim of this research is to explore the delivery of controlled release corrosion inhibitors as a smart rehabilitation method to prevent corrosion propagation of RCS. This method of inhibition allows a controlled delivery within the concrete or by incorporation into a steel conversion layer, thus enabling a slow and gradual release of the inhibitor compound as a function of environment pH. Selectively of release may also be possible depending on the type of corrosion, whether due to chlorides or carbonation. It i




Corrosion of Antimicrobial Cu-Al-Sn Alloys in Artificial Perspiration: The Roles of Al and Sn

Michael Hutchison Pathogenic bacteria such as MRSA spread via hand contact is an increasingly pervasive problem in hospital and patient-care facilities [1,2]. Novel infection control may be accomplished by targeting the most common disease transmission vector: high-touch surfaces e.g., door handles. Corroding Cu-based alloys have demonstrated antimicrobial function through the release of Cu ions and are efficacious enough to kill even antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria [3,4]. Actively corroding Cu-based alloy surfaces are therefore an attractive option for high-touch surface replacement. However, alloying elements have a strong influence on antimicrobial efficacy yet their precise roles remain elusive [5]. In this work, custom solid solution binary and ternary alloys of variable Al and Sn contents were formulated to determine the roles of the individual alloying elements following corrosion and their synergisms towards a tunable alloy system. Direct replacement of commercial




Corrosion rate and O2 reduction for steel in KOH with Harmonic/Total Harmonic Distortion technique

Xueyuan Zhang Corrosion rate and O2 reduction for steel in KOH with Harmonic and Total Harmonic Distortion technique and model Yue Shi and Qing Mao School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China Xueyuan. Zhang Gamry Instruments, 734 Louis Drive, Warminster, PA 18974, United States of America ABSTRACT Harmonic analysis (HA) and total harmonic distortion (THD) is practical as Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in corrosion for studying the electrode/solution interface, films, coatings, and corrosion rates. In the present research, corrosion rate of steel in KOH solution was determined and modelled with HA. Diffusion phenomenon of O2 in the corrosion process was firstly investigated in THD results. THD was employed in a pioneer research in corrosion for the reduction mechanism of O2 on steel and iron oxides, e.g., Fe3O4.




Investigation of the Protective Properties and Adhesion Strength of Epoxy Coating with PEO and PEO/S

Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Manouchehr Teimouri, Mansour Toorani Farani - Investigation of the Protective Properties and Adhesion Strength of Epoxy Coating with PEO and PEO/Silane as Pretreatments on AZ31 Mg alloy Abstract In this research, the protective properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)/epoxy duplex coating and PEO/silane/epoxy triplex coating with cerium nitrate as corrosion inhibitor applied on AZ 31 Mg alloy, have been investigated. PEO coating was formed in phosphate-based electrolyte solution containing 0.3 g/l cerium nitrate as additive. The silane layer consists of two parts of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with equal volume ratios. Cerium placement within the PEO structure was proved by SEM/elemental map analysis. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization test showed that the presence of cerium nitrate, greatly improves the corrosion resistance of the PEO single layer coating. Also, the results of periodical electr




Passivation and Depassivation of Carbon Steel in Simulated Concrete Solution Using SECM

Seyedhamidreza Torbatisarraf, Amir Poursaee - Embedded reinforcing steel bar in concrete is protected from corrosion through its inherent passive layer. This film gradually damages or dissolve by decreasing pH or presence of chloride ions. In this study, for the first time, Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) was exploited to study the formation of the passive layer in a simulated concrete pore solution. Steel sample was cut, epoxy mounted and polished from a carbon steel bar. Amperometric SECM approach curves were obtained from the surface of the sample for 18 hours in concrete simulated pore solution. Then, the solution was contaminated with 3 wt % NaCl and the approach curves were collected for 3 hours. 1mM Potassium ferricyanide redox mediator and a platinum microelectrode tip (d P ZHUHXVHGLQWKH experiments. The effective rate coefficient (keff) variation for the mediator regenerating surface reaction was calculated during the time of exposure. During passivation




The Effect of Hydrogen Maxwell Goldman, David Absorption on the Passivity of Shoesmith, James Noel, Claire Oxides on Carbon Steels Tully - Pipelines are designed for a wide variety of applications, and their use in the energy sector for the transportation of crude oil, natural gas, and other petrochemical commodities is still regarded as the safest, fastest and most economical mode of product transmission and delivery. The degradation of the structural integrity of pipelines caused by corrosion has been an ongoing problem. Depending on inservice use, different forms of corrosion can occur, with the deleterious effects depending on which type of corrosion is occurring, such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) due to hydrogen embrittlement (HE). Hydrogen may also affect the protectiveness of any FeIII oxide present on the steel surface. This study investigates the effects of H absorption by X60, X65, and X70 steels. A range of electrochemical techniques, such as corrosion potential (Ecorr) monitoring, polarization resistance




Using an EIS applique to monitor organic coating performance in chloridecontaining environments

Barbara Shaw A thin, conformal, applique sensor that one can peel and stick to monitor corrosion in hard-to-access areas would be attractive for use on a variety of applications. For example, an array of these sensor appliques could be applied to the painted steel deck surfaces under amphibious well planking to monitor corrosion of the underlying steel. Currently, there are a vast number of these well planks that need to removed and reinstalled just for the purpose of a quick inspection of the underlying painted steel. Having a network of thin, flexible sensors which could detect paint degradation and actual steel corrosion rates would allow collection of vital corrosion data in hard-to access areas and enable a transition from time-based to condition-based assessment of corrosion in these areas. This action could save significant time and money spent for costly maintenance operations. Using technology on thin, flexible, implanted electrodes from the biomedical field it is no




Corrosion Studies of BetaTitanium Alloys in Simulated Physiological Solutions

Jacob Benoun, Grazziela Sena, Jenny Wong, Adam Teoh, Vilupanur Ravi - Background The World Health Organization (WHO) is predicting an unprecedented increase in the world’s aging population. Correspondingly, health concerns in regards to this population group have to be addressed. Of particular importance is the problem of bone fracture and the durability of biomedical implants. With this context in mind, the service life of biomedical hip implant devices as well as the effect on the patient’s body have been reported. UNS R56400 (Ti-6Al-4V; Ti64) is currently an industry standard for medical hip implants due to its superior corrosion resistance when compared to iron and cobalt-based alloys. Yet its mechanical properties fall short of being fully compatible with cortical bone. This has led to post-implant bone degeneration over time as a consequence of stress shielding, i.e., the degradation of bone because the stiffer implant carries most of the body load. In addition, recent findings




Determination of HPHT Environmental Variables for Materials Selection: Sour PVT Modeling Round Robin

Brian Chambers, Ping Zhang, Conchita Mendez, Julio Maldonado, Michel Bonis, Jan Skar - In May 2017, a collaborative effort among over a dozen oil & gas operators, equipment suppliers, manufacturers, and supporting laboratories and consultancies was launched with the aim of understanding the variability of environmental parameters relevant for materials selection and providing guidance to the industry to improve prediction of these parameters. To date, efforts have focused on evaluation of available modeling tools, both commercial and proprietary, through a comparison of the model prediction outputs when provided a fictional set of measured conditions. Benchmarking the different models has primarily focused on each model’s predictions of the most relevant parameters for materials selection (H2S, pH, etc.) at various fictional production conditions (i.e. reservoir, wellhead, etc.). Results of the exercise provide incentive for the industry to establish guidelines on the approach to




Laboratory Exploration of Novel Smart Release Chrome Free Inhibitors to Industrial Aplications

Patrick Dodds, geraint williams, Christian Griffiths An impending restriction on the use of hexavalent chromate within the European Economic Area has lead to an increased focus on research into safer alternatives. Our research group focuses on green alternatives in the form of smart release corrosion inhibiting pigments, that are commercially viable and highly effective. Using an in-situ scanning Kelvin probe technique and a delamination cell set up, a high through-put screening technique can identify highly effective pigments within 24 hours of testing. The technique allows a comprehensive study to be performed quickly, with the results disseminated and progressed so that the highly effective pigments are further assessed, under standard accelerated testing within a month. The use of ion exchange technology, allows the inhibitor to be stored within the coating, until it is required, when the pigments will sequester the aggressive electrolyte ions and release the highly effecti




Monitoring and Inhibition Mechanisms of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors

Pierre MEKARBANE - The interest for Volatile Corrosion inhibitors (VCI) is increasing due to Top of Line (TOL) Corrosion reported in many gas fields in South East Asia and Middle East. This specific corrosion occurring at 12 o’clock of horizontal pipes has been extensively studied and the corrosion mechanism modelled. Efficient VCI have been developed, first based on laboratory experiments and then on large scale loops. In laboratory experiments, the VCI performance evaluation was achieved using electrochemical techniques, weight loss coupons and metal surface analysis. This evaluation was facilitated by an easy access to the metal surface and good control of the experimental conditions (water quality, CO2 partial pressure, temperature, condensation rate,…). However, on field, corrosion monitoring in TOL conditions turned up to be more difficult. This work details the monitoring tools used during a VCI field trial, including cooled ER probe, Iron counts, intelligent pigging, weight-los




Development and Characterization of a New Corrosion Test Set-up Enabling Controlled Water Chemistry

Ezechukwu Anyanwu, Bruce Brown, Srdjan Nesic, Marc Singer The goal of conducting corrosion experiments on a small scale is to mimic field conditions in a controlled manner in order to predict the amount of corrosion for mitigation. However, all researchers understand that the reactions associated with corrosion can change the water chemistry of a small-scale experiment making analysis of results for corrosion prediction a challenge. This difficulty can be avoided by having a good control of the water chemistry during the testing period. A new small scale experimental set-up has been developed to correct these short comings by having a controlled solution chemistry for long term corrosion testing with fluid movement against non-rotating specimens. In this system, ion exchange resins are connected to the test cell, with the aid of a flow through system, to control the excess H+ and Fe2+ concentrations in the bulk solution. In order to avoid any centrifugal force effects on corrosion




Corrosion Testing Results Bradley Krantz - Developing Identify Device Shortcomings technologies have set forth new techniques for in vitro medical device corrosion testing over the past 20+ years. Results from these new techniques are more frequently requested by regulatory bodies to obtain Pre-market Notification. The importance, significance, and relevance to in vivo behaviors of these various tests are common topics of conversation within the community. Two of the most common tests performed to evaluate corrosion resistance of small medical implants are ASTM F2129 (cyclic polarization) and ASTM G3044 (galvanic corrosion). When unexpected results are obtained, the trained analyst can use them to help identify the source of the undesirable behavior. We will present cases where the results from these tests have helped to identify the presence of material contamination, inadequate processing, and the use of unapproved material.




Electrochemical Investigation of Drug-loaded Titanium nanotube arrays for biomedical application

Nallaiyan Rajendran Titanium being bio-inert shows poor bone cell adhesion with an intervening fibrous capsule. It could be made bioactive by several methods including growing in situ TiO2 layer on Ti-surface. The formation of self-organized titanium oxide nanotube layers by the anodic oxidation of a titanium alloy in an electrolyte solution containing HF and H2SO4 was investigated. Anodization parameters such as electrolyte composition, concentration, voltage, time and temperature were optimized to get well organized titanium oxide nanotube arrays. The anodized surface was characterized by microRaman, XRD and FESEM. The corrosion behavior of the treated and untreated samples was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization studies in simulated body fluid (Hanks’ solution). The investigations show that the native oxide on the sample is replaced by self assembled nano array by anodisation. The corrosion resistance of the anod




Modeling galvanic corrosion in cadmium and zinc-nickel plating systems using mixed potential theory

Kristen Williams - Galvanic corrosion is a major problem that impacts airplane design, retrofit and maintenance. The current approach to assessing galvanic corrosion risks within an aircraft design involves consulting a typical galvanic series table found in corrosion handbooks, electronic references or standards. These tables provide a general guide for materials selection, but do not include quantitative information about corrosion rate and, therefore, cannot be used to determine service lifetimes. To better inform materials selection during design or retrofit, an interactive galvanic corrosion predictor tool (GCPT) has been developed that quantitatively predicts corrosion rates. In the GCPT, galvanic interactions between dissimilar materials are modeled using a curve-crossing algorithm based on the Theory of Mixed Potentials. The GCPT has been used to assess the performance of Cd, Cd-Ti, and Zn-Ni electroplating as sacrificial coatings for high strength steel. Computed galvanic corr




Performance Evaluation of Al Based Coatings Replacing Cadmium on High Strength Steels

Zhihua SUN Aluminum based coatings are the most promising alternatives to cadmium plating due to its nontoxicity and high performance. Tremendous attentions have been gathered on the development of aluminum coatings.Seven potential alternatives for cadmium coating, IVD Al+NCP, IVD Al+650E, Ed Al, Al 962+570 QEVS$O 962+1661, Al HVOF and Al ARC, were selected for validation testing and compared to cadmium coating. The coatings were subjected to the tests as the following: fatigue, coating & paint adhesion, corrosion performance, galvanic compatibility, fluid compatibility (fuel, deicer & skydol ), hydrogen embrittlement, coating integrity (porosity). The results indicate as the followings : (1)The fatigue limits of Al 962+1661, IVD Al +650E, Al HVOF and Al 962+570 a coated specimens were comparable to that of the cadmium coated specimens. Al ARC and Ed Al coated specimens exhibited much lower (20%) fatigue endurance relative to cadmium coated samples. (2)IVD Al+NCP, IVD Al+650E, Al




Plasma polymerized coatings as primer for improved corrosion resistance

Yang Zhou, Ali Dhinojwala, Mark Foster Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is a versatile technique to deposit plasma polymerized thin films on various substrates without volatile organic solvents for a wide range of applications including protection of metal against corrosion. While past research has focused on the properties of comparatively thick plasma polymerized (pp) films and of pp films used alone to protect surfaces, we are investigating use of a thin plasma polymerized coating as a primer to increase corrosion resistance. Even a plasma polymerized coating with a thickness of a few tens of nanometers slows water penetration and increases the adhesion between the metal and a polyurethane (PU) top coat. Since the adhesion is very good, there is potential for eliminating the need for the chromium based conversion coating, which is a known health hazard. Plasma polymerized coatings with the monomer hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) have been recognized as good candid




New Integrated Uniform Corrosion Model of Mild Steel in CO2 /H2S /HAc Aqueous Solutions

Zheng Ma, Yougui Zheng, Jing Ning, Saba Navabzadeh Esmaeely, Arkopaul Sarkar, Zhengchao Tian Aqueous CO2 and H2S corrosion of mild steel represents a significant problem for the oil and gas industry. Following the notable success and broad popularity of the original software package for prediction of uniform CO2 /H2S /HAc aqueous corrosion of mild steel – FREECORP 1.0, which was the first freely available fully mechanistic model produced and distributed widely about a decade ago, we have recently released a new much improved version. A new fully mechanistic electrochemical model built into FreecorpTM2.0 freely available software package, which has two main sub-models. The first one is the steady state electrochemical corrosion model that does not include formation of protective corrosion product layers on the steel surface, and all calculations are based on the bulk water chemistry. It is similar in approach and appearance to the electrochemical model of CO2 corrosion built previously




Preparation of Bioactive Coating on CP-Ti and Ti-6Al4V by Hybrid Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation and

Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Manouchehr Teimouri, Houman Fakhr Nabavi Preparation of Bioactive Coating on CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V by Hybrid Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation and Electrochemical Behavior in Simulated Body Fluid Two-step plasma electrolytic oxidation on CP-Ti and Ti-6Al-4V substrates is carried out in phosphate/citrate based and Ca/P based electrolytes, respectively and effect of coating duration is studied. Following PEO coating, alkali treatment is carried out to enhance corrosion resistance and bioactivity. SEM imaging is carried out before and after alkali treatment in order to characterize porosity content and morphological changes. Furthermore, EDS is carried out on the surface of coatings to measure Ca and P content to assess their potential for bioactivity. It was found that Ca/P ratio of coatings were close to 1.67 of natural bone tissue. Potentiodynamic polarizations tests are carried out to study polarization resistance, passivation and trans-passivation regions. Pr




The Impact of Surface Processing and Fatigue Testing on Nickel Release in Nitinol Stents

Srinidhi Nagaraja, Vaishnavi Chandrasekar, Alan Pelton, David Ormonde, Kristen Lipschultz, Calvin Chao, Hailey Hickey, Kent Vilendrer Medical implants such as cardiovascular stents can corrode over time resulting in a release of metal ions, which in severe cases may lead to patient complications such as nickel toxicity/sensitization. The FDA’s guidance document “Non-Clinical Engineering Tests and Recommended Labeling for Intravascular Stents and Associated Delivery Systems” recommends tests to assess corrosion resistance, including immersion testing. This testing is typically performed under static loading conditions (Sullivan et al, 2017, Clarke et al. 2006). However, stents are subjected to repetitive mechanical forces invivo, which may crack the protective oxide layer and increase metal ion release into surrounding tissues. Although pseudoelastic Nitinol can sustain large mechanical strains, it is unclear if cyclic strains experienced by cardiovascular stents in-vivo increase t




Quantitative Evaluation and Correlation of Underbody Stone Impingement

Brandon Koeth - ABSTRACT Underbody damage due to impingement of stone, gravel, sand, etc. is responsible for a variety of vehicle durability complaints. It is in the Manufacturer’s best interest to limit stone chipping damage through design countermeasure. In order to have high confidence in the test result, it is necessary to test in conditions that accurately represent real-world customer environments. In this investigation, the correlation between proving ground test condition and United States realworld customer is developed using field data collected across the country. Vehicles were instrumented with test coupons and exposed to drive cycles on unpaved roads, winter roads, and other surfaces with unique or significant chipping damage exposure. These measurements were compared to customer vehicles in-field, and to damage measured on an instrumented vehicle driven on the stone chipping test surfaces at the proving ground. The data was analyzed, and used to develop a model for




Thermal Diffusion Coating – an innovative surface protection

Simon Korner - Zinc thermal diffusion is an extremely effective and gentle method for coating and finishing metals and metal products. While a conventional zinc process is merely applied as a layer on the base material, Thermission’s zinc thermal diffusion penetrates into the base material where it forms a resilient, zinc-metal bond. This micro alloy provides extensive protection against corrosion and wear without a significant application layer. At the same time, the structure and properties of the materials are protected and improved from the inside. Thermal Diffusion Coating is based on a combination of zinc powder and additives that are proprietary and chosen according to the composition of the metal substrate to be coated. In a typical process, parts and components made of lightweight metal alloy containing aluminum, titanium, magnesium, or copper are pre-treated to remove oxides and to activate the surface. The coating application is performed at a temperature between 280 and 39




Recent Progresses in YongJun Tan - Recent Progresses in Understanding the Degradation Understanding the Degradation of of Organic Coatings in Soil Organic Coatings in Soil M. YJ Tan*, Fariba Mahdavi and Shyama D. Ranade Institute for Frontier Materials and School of Engineering, Deakin University, Victoria 3220, Australia *Presenting author [email protected] The durability and performance of organic coatings, which are widely used for mitigating corrosion of high pressure oil, gas and water pipelines, are known to be affected by cathodic protection (CP), mechanical stress and the corrosive environment. This paper presents our research findings on the impact of CP and the environment on organic coatings under simulated underground pipeline conditions. Coating’s corrosion resistance, disbondment and electrochemical properties have been assessed using electrochemical, surface analytical and computational modelling techniques such as the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray computed to




The Effect of Solution Chemistry on Galvanic Coupling between AA 7050 and SS 316L: Experimental Appr

Chao Liu, Raymond Santucci, Carol Glover, Veronica Rafla, John Scully, Robert Kelly Connections between aluminum (Al) alloy-based components and stainless steel (SS) fasteners are frequently encountered in aircraft architecture. Such galvanic couple arrangements exacerbate the corrosion susceptibility of Al alloy when a thin electrolyte is develops on the surface during atmospheric exposure. The galvanic-couplinginduced corrosion damage can be alleviated by applying a coating system in which the coating can provide corrosion prevention to mitigate the interaction between the Al alloy and SS fastener. There has been extensive research on the use of metal-rich primers, such as magnesium-rich primer (MgRP) [1]-[5], to provide sacrificial anodebased cathodic protection to prevent corrosion damage of the aluminum alloy substrates. At the same time, metallic cations (Mg2+) produced from open circuit and sacrificial anodic dissolution, as well as ions (Al3+, Zn2+) from the dissolution o




The importance of thermal and processing history in understanding the corrosion behavior of nitinol

Shari Rosenbloom - In nitinol, the nature of the surface oxide has a strong influence on corrosion properties. Electropolishing, which produces a very thin surface oxide with a titanium rich surface, is often considered the benchmark as a final processing step to optimize the corrosion performance of nitinol for medical devices. Recent studies have shown that samples with thicker, thermally grown surface oxides can have poor corrosion performance both in vitro and in vivo. It was hypothesized that the corrosion performance of nitinol with thermally produced oxide is controlled by the structure and composition of the oxide, which are influenced by process history, and not by oxide thickness alone. To investigate this, nitinol wire samples with various starting surfaces were processed to form surface oxides with different thicknesses and potentially different underlying structures. Processing variables included furnace type, temperature and thermal exposure time. The resultant oxide




The relationship between corrosion control of biodegradable alloys to the possible achievement of an

Amir Eliezer Over the past few years, progresses in orthopedic surgery have helped to improve the quality of life of thousands of persons. Nowadays, more than 4.5 million procedures related to joint replacement and fracture repair are performed worldwide each year. However, serious complications still occur mostly due to implant loosening or infection. Surface treatments and coatings have been major research axes to address those problems. In particular great emphasis has been put lately on the development of antibacterial coatings that could prevent implant colonization by microorganisms and formation of bacterial biofilm. Since 1990 Thousands of worldwide studies were initiated in order to study magnesium alloys for biomedical applications. Up to date only few succeeded to become approved medical implants. This study focuses on the importance of corrosion research and development of in-situ experimental units in order to achieve and predict in-vivo conditions for future approve




Study on corrosion behavior of Zhong-wei ZHAN two aluminum coatings in The marine environment corrosion behavior of two aluminum coatings in marine environment was studied, including ion vapor deposition aluminum (IVD Al) and ionic-liquid based electroplating aluminum (ILEp Al). Another non-cyanide electroplating Cd-Ti coating (Cd-Ti) was also studied as comparison. Besides compact coatings cross-scratched ones of IVD Al and ILEp Al parallelly underwent the exposure. All the coatings were exposed on the seashore of Tsingtao to directly confront the marine environment. This study investigated the evolution of coatings in the first two years. The morphology of the coatings was observed by using optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The composition of corrosion products of two coatings was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to measure the surface roughness of the coatings. To quantitatively study the evolution of coating structure, the electrochemical impedance spec




Sweet corrosion of Ni-Mo alloy coating in high salt and gas hydrate temperature environments

Christopher Ozigagu, Teresa Golden, Ting Zhou, Stephen Sanders Gas hydrate formation and corrosion can cause serious safety and flow assurance problems. These conditions are commonly encountered in deep waters especially since corrosion can still occur at low temperatures. One important aspect that has been given less attention is the corrosion behavior of offshore materials in the presence of high salt produced water with dissolved carbon dioxide gas at low temperature. The aim of this work is to investigate the combined corrosion contribution of dissolved carbon dioxide and chloride from high salt produced water at gas hydrate formation temperature (275K to 285 K). Due to its excellent corrosion resistance in aggressive environments, Ni-Mo alloy coating is used as the test material. A 5P thick Ni-Mo alloy coating was deposited using an electrochemical method. A new technique was used to conduct the immersion test. The immersion test solutions were low salt (carbon dioxide + 1wt%




Coating Breakdown During a Combined Mechanical and Environmental Exposure Test

Robert Lillard, Benjamin Clark Real-time electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to evaluate coating failure at fasteners used to secure aluminum alloys 2024 and 7075 aircraft lap joints. In these tests polyurethane coated samples containing cadmium plated MILspec fasteners were exposed to mechanical fatigue cycles, UV exposure, freeze/thaw cycles, and ASTM B117 salt fog to study their effects on coating failure. To test the effects of fatigue on coating failure, 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 aluminum sheets were machined into dog-bone samples similar to “Specimen 6” in ASTM E8/E8M with multiple holes and countersinks added for the fasteners. In some cases, the fastener was left raised above the surface while in others the countersink was intentionally misaligned such that the hole was drilled 10 degrees from the normal. The coating consisted of two layers: MIL-PRF-23377K epoxy primer followed by the MIL-PRF-85285E polyurethane topcoat (spray). EIS tests were performed on eac




Trivalent Chromium Xi Wang - Metal-rich primers, Passivation of Al-Zn-In Alloy especially Zn-rich primers, have Pigment Particles been used for corrosion protection on metals for over 40 years. Recently, researchers started to investigate the use of metal-rich primers on aluminum alloys as an alternative to trivalent-chromate systems because of their good corrosion-protective properties. The active aluminum-rich primer (AlRP) was invented and developed at NAVAIR (Patuxent River, MD) to protect aluminum alloys and steels. The Al alloy (Al-Zn-In) pigments in AlRP were fabricated from a sacrificial anode alloy, which has a lower OCP than common aluminum alloys. However, initial results indicated that the pigment particles in AlRP undergo severe self-corrosion. Therefore, the Al pigments were pretreated in a trivalent chromium passivation (TCP) bath to reduce the self-corrosion rate. TCP treatment has been studied on pure Al and AA2024 in the past. In this study, the TCP treatment on the AlZn-In pigments is evaluated. The chemistry and morphology of Al p



Nanoscale Precursor Sites and Roger Newman, Suraj Persaud, Their Importance in the Jared Smith - Placeholder for Prediction of SCC Failure presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.



From the "Coriou Effect" to the Quantitative Micro-nano Approach for Predicting Stress Corrosion Cra

Damien Feron - Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.



Aging Degradation Characteristics and Long Term Performance of Structural Materials for Energy Conve

Tetsuo Shoji - Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.



Wednesday,10 :5a.m. to 10 :30a.m. New Insights into Corrosion of Metallic Bipolar Plates in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Gareth Hinds, Max Bedouet Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.


Wednesday,10 :40a.m. to 11 :5a.m. Forecast of Distributed Corrosion of Steel in Concrete with Interdependent Initiation and Propagatio

Alberto Sagues - Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.



Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Subsea Pipelines in O&G Production

Thodla Ramgopal, Feng Gui, Narasi Sridhar, Colum Holtam Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.



Modeling the Mechanoelectrochemical Interaction of Multiple Corrosion Defects on Pipelines

Frank Cheng - Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.



Implementation of a Mechanistic Prediction Model of Mild Steel Corrosion in Multiphase Oil and Gas P

Srdjan Nesic - Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.



History of High-Level Nuclear John Beavers, Sandeep Chawla, Waste Tank AY-102 at the Kenneth Evans, Katie Sherer, Hanford Site Narasi Sridhar - Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.



Ultra Long-term Lifetime Prediction - Containers for the Disposal of Spent Fuel/Highlevel Nuclear W


Fraser King - Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.



Predicting Radionuclide Release Rates from Spent Nuclear Fuel Inside a Failed Waste Disposal Contain

David Shoesmith - Placeholder for presentation in the Research Topical Symposium at CORROSION 2018 submitted by staff to create record in Paper Trail scheduling system.


Exhibit Hall Meetings Time

Name

Description


Expo Grand Opening Reception

The grand opening of the Exhibit Hall is the most popular event each year. CORROSION 2018 attendees will get their first opportunity to meet with more than 400 exhibiting companies. A complimentary drink ticket redeemable only at the Expo Grand Opening will be included in your registration packet. All attendees must wear their badges for admittance.

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail


Exhibit Hall



University Student Design and The 3rd Annual USDASC has Applied Solutions Competition challenged university student teams (USDASC) to design and build an autonomous system for corrosion inspection and detection in hard-to-access areas. Each team will be giving a 20minute oral presentation of its design and system overview to the judging panel. The evaluation criteria for the project include:


Exhibit Hall / Green Theater


Exhibit Hall

•continuity, clarity, and organization of the documentation presented • quality of research presented • innovation in design of proposed solution • methodology used by the team to create the final applied solution and the testing methods applied • replicability of the solution (students should consider factors such as the cost associated with reproducing the solution presented); • materials required to build the system • advantages of proposed solution • applicability to the competition design challenge topic Tuesday,11 :45a.m. to 1 p.m.

Tuesday Lunch



Workforce planning and training for effective utilization of FRP products in corrosion applications

The presentation will highlight corrosion applications using Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (FRP) materials. Presentation of specification and manufacturing knowledge for proper use of FRP in corrosion applications will be given. The forum will inform industry decision makers, manufacturers and installers on Fiber Reinforced Polymer application advantages. It will outline some of the workforce safety, training and selection criteria for Fiber Reinforced Polymer products. Interaction is encouraged with those in the forum who have questions or concerns regarding applications that best suit FRP corrosion products. The presentation will inform, educate and build confidence in composite product selection and application. The forum will outline some of the workforce challenges technical employees specifying FRP products and those that use them should prepare for.





Presented by: Andrew Pokelwaldt, American Composites Manufacturers Association Tuesday,3 :30p.m. to 5 p.m.

How to be an Author

Ever wondered how you can be an author with NACE International? Your peers are published in Materials Performance, CoatingsPro Magazine, CORROSION journal, and NACE books. Why aren't you? Stop by our "open house" to find out from the editors and managers of these publications what you'd need to submit an article, paper, or book proposal. We're looking for authors. It could be you! Presented by: Stephanie Chizik, Jonnie Fuller, Kathy Larsen and Sammy Miles, NACE International Publications Division



Coatings 101 Morning Session The NACE International Coatings Council will be hosting the second iteration of its popular Coatings 101 event. The event is geared to those just entering the coatings industry and individuals who need a work knowledge of coatings. It will consists of two distinct sessions:





Morning Session Structured Forum 10:15 – 12:00pm • 4 speakers with 20 min presentations 10 minutes between for questions and transitions • Bob Murphy (Sherwin Williams) Coatings in the Water Industry • Todd Weigel (International Paint) - Coatings in the Mining Industry • Steve Poncio – “Coatings Failure Analysis” • Trevor Neale – “Delivering the Expectation” Presented by: Rae Marie Mattis Wednesday,10 :30a.m. to 11 a.m.

Regulatory Challenges and Some Developments in Rail and Transportation Coatings Technology

Increased regulatory requirements on health, safety, and environment have imposed many challenges on the protective coating technology in many industrial sectors including rail and transportation. The coating industry has been responding to these challenges and new product and technology developments are being made. The presentation outlines some of these challenges and highlights a few new developments by the rail and transportation coating industry in the area of high and/or 100% solids, low VOCs, low emission, low HAPS, isocyanate free, and fire protection. Presented by: Dr. Shiwei William Guan, Strathmore - A CSW Industrial Company and Paul Whitehead, Strathmore Products, Inc.



CoatingsPro Contractor Awards Program

CoatingsPro Magazine is again recognizing industry excellence in the application of commercial and industrial high-performance coatings with the second annual Contractor Awards Program. Join us on Wednesday, April 18, 2018 at 11:30 a.m. in the Orange Corrosive Chronical Theater. We will be announcing the accomplishments of the 2018 winners in six categories: • Commercial Concrete • Commercial Roof • Industrial Concrete • Industrial Steel • Specialty Project • Contractor/Crew MVP




Coatings 101 Afternoon Session

This Presentation will discuss the following topics:



The NACE International Coatings Council will be hosting the second iteration of its popular Coatings 101 event. The event is geared to those just entering the coatings industry and individuals who need a work knowledge of coatings. It will consists of two distinct sessions: Afternoon Session Interactive Forum 1:15 – 3:00pm • Interactive Q&A Sessions • Potential Panel 4-5 council members • Questions from Audience via interactive apps • Questions to the Audience Presented by: Rae Marie Mattis



Proven Long Term Durability Solutions for Corrosive Environments Using FRP Composites

There are a variety of material choices for managing corrosion. FRP is a proven engineered construction material providing durable, innovative products and solutions for a variety of tough, aggressive environments. This session will provide attendees with five unique presentations focusing on how composites were used to extend the service life of equipment and structures in a variety of corrosive applications. Valuable experience and insight from industry experts will be shared to help engineers and specifiers improve the performance of corrosion equipment and structures. Presented by: American Composites Manufacturers Association





Utilizing Real Data to Improve the Accuracy and Utility of the Integrity Management Risk Assessment

After a decade of managing our Pipeline Integrity Management Programs we realized that the existing legacy risk program, although fully compliant, didn’t live up to its potential to identify areas of interest and to be a useful companywide business tool. In 2014 as part of a new GIS data model implementation Dominion Energy Questar Companies (previously Questar) launched an initiative to improving the Risk Assessment process. This forum will present how we planned and implemented these changes and will discuss the process and risk algorithm improvements. We will emphasis External Corrosion, Internal Corrosion, DC and AC interference, and 3rd party risk determinations. We will briefly describe the risk requirements in B31.8S and Subpart O and explain how by going beyond the minimum standards, more accurate results and more effective actions can be identified. Presented by: Eric Nelson and Tony Martus, Questar/Dominion and Kevin Cowan, Kleinfelder




RTS Meetings Time

Name

Description


Corrosion Lifetime Prediction, Roger Staehle was a proponent of in memory of Roger W. using fundamental knowledge of Staehle corrosion mechanism to inform component and system design and enable intelligent lifetime prediction. This symposium will celebrate the contributions of Roger Staehle by presenting state-of-theart concepts as they apply to a number of industries, including nuclear power generation, nuclear waste storage, pipeline integrity, and aerospace. Co-chairs: Gerald Frankel, John Scully, and Narasi Sridhar

Committee(s)

Location

Location Detail


Room 105