pocketbook - European Commission - Europa EU

ISSN 2363-247X

EU

energy in figures

STATISTICAL POCKETBOOK 2016

Energy

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MJ-AB-16-001-EN-E

EU ENERGY IN FIGURES 2016

Introduction The energy sector is one of the pillars of growth, competitiveness and development for modern economies. To keep up with the ongoing transformation of the energy sector in Europe, we need data that is accurate and up-to-date. This publication provides an overview of the most relevant annual energyrelated statistics for the European Union as a whole and for each of its Member States. The data contained in this pocketbook is drawn from several sources: from the European Commission’s services, from international organisations such as the European Environment Agency and the International Energy Agency and also from the European Commission’s estimates when other data is unavailable. The publication is divided into five parts: Part 1. Energy overview at global and EU levels. Part 2. Main energy indicators, at EU and Member States levels. Part 3. Socio-economic indicators in the EU. Part 4. Impact of the energy sector on the environment. Part 5. Country profiles – Main energy indicators. Indicators have been calculated using the methodology established by the European Commission – DG Energy. The appendices include a glossary and methodological notes. This publication was produced using the most recently available data. Corrections and updates will be published at: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/ data-analysis/energy-statistical-pocketbook Recommended sources of data: European Commission websites:

DG Energy Pocketbook: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/energy-statistical-pocketbook Country statistics: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis/country Energy data and analysis: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/data-analysis Eurostat Eurostat Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database DG Economic and Financial Affairs AMECO: http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/db_indicators/ameco/index_en.htm DG Climate Action Climate strategies, targets and progress reports: http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/index_en.htm Websites of other organisations: European Environment Agency Data and maps: http://www.eea.europa.eu/ International Energy Agency Statistics and balances: http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp Please send your comments on this publication and suggestions for improvement to [email protected], with the word ‘Pocketbook’ in the subject line. 1

Statistical pocketbook 2016

Summary PART 1 Overview 1.1

1.2

1.3

Energy in the World (Overview)�� 10 1.1.1

World Energy Production by Region�� 10

1.1.2

World Energy Production by Fuel�� 11

1.1.3

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region �� 12

1.1.4

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel�� 13

1.1.5

World Final Energy Consumption by Region�� 14

1.1.6

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel�� 15

1.1.7

World Electricity Generation by Fuel�� 16

1.1.8

World Heat Generation by Fuel�� 17

1.1.9

World CO 2 Emissions by Region�� 18

1.1.10

World CO 2 Intensity by Region�� 19

Energy in the EU (Overview)�� 20 1.2.1

EU-28 Energy Flow – 1995�� 20

1.2.2


1.2.3

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption�� 22

1.2.4

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency�� 24

1.2.5

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports�� 25

1.2.6

EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin�� 26

EU 2020 Targets�� 27 1.3.1

Renewable Energy Targets�� 27

1.3.2

Renewable Energy Shares�� 29

1.3.3

GHG Emissions Targets�� 30

PART 2 Energy in the EU 2.1

2.2

2

Energy Supply�� 35 2.1.1

Production�� 35

2.1.2

Net Imports�� 38

2.1.3

Gross Inland Consumption�� 41

Imports�� 45 2.2.1

Imports – Solid Fuels�� 45

2.2.2

Imports – Petroleum and Products�� 50

2.2.3

Imports – Gases�� 55

2.2.4

Imports – Electricity�� 59

2.2.5

Imports by Country of Origin�� 63


2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

Energy Import Dependency�� 66 2.3.1

Import Dependency – All Fuels �� 66

2.3.2

Import Dependency – By Fuel�� 67

2.3.3

Import Dependency – Solid Fuels �� 68

2.3.4

Import Dependency – Hard Coal �� 69

2.3.5

Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products �� 70

2.3.6

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL �� 71

2.3.7

Import Dependency – Natural Gas �� 72

Energy Transformation�� 73 2.4.1

Transformation Input – All Fuels�� 73

2.4.2

Transformation Input – By Fuel�� 74

2.4.3

Transformation Input – By Sector�� 75

2.4.4

Transformation Output – All Fuels�� 76

2.4.5

Transformation Output – By Fuel�� 77

2.4.6

Transformation Output – By Sector�� 78

Final Energy�� 79 2.5.1

Available for Final Consumption�� 79

2.5.2

Final Energy Consumption�� 80

2.5.3

Final Non-Energy Consumption�� 84

2.5.4

Primary Energy Consumption�� 85

Electricity�� 86 2.6.1

Installed Electricity Capacity�� 86

2.6.2

Gross Electricity Generation�� 89

2.6.3

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer�� 94

Solar and Wind Energy�� 95 2.7.1

Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity�� 95

2.7.2

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity�� 97

2.7.3

Wind Gross Electricity Production�� 99

2.7.4

Wind Penetration Level�� 101

2.7.5

Solar Collectors’ Surface�� 102

2.7.6

Solar Installed Capacity�� 103

2.7.7

Solar Gross Electricity Production�� 104

2.7.8

Solar Penetration Level�� 105

CHP�� 106 2.8.1

CHP Electricity�� 106

2.8.2

CHP Heat�� 107

2.8.3

CHP Electricity and Heat�� 108 3


2.9

Heat�� 109 2.9.1

Gross Heat Generation�� 109

2.10 Transport�� 112 2.10.1

Fuels Final Consumption�� 112

2.10.2

Biofuels�� 113

2.11 Energy Efficiency�� 115 2.11.1

Energy Intensity�� 115

2.11.2

Energy Consumption per Capita�� 116

2.11.3

Final Electricity Consumption per Capita�� 117

2.11.4

Primary Energy Intensity�� 118

2 .11 .5

Carbon Intensity�� 119

2.12 RES Indicators�� 120 2.12.1

RES Shares�� 120

2.13 Energy Prices�� 123 2.13.1

Prices of Transport Fuels�� 123

2.13.2

Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers�� 126

2.13.3

Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers�� 128

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU 3.1

Classification of the Energy Sector�� 134 3.1.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

4

Comparative Table�� 134

Employment�� 135 3.2.1

Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15-64 years)�� 135

3.2.2

Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors�� 136

3.2.3

Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors�� 137

Enterprises in the Energy Sector�� 138 3.3.1

Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector�� 138

3.3.2

Turnover in the Energy Sector�� 142

3.3.3

Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector 146

Economy�� 150 3.4.1

GDP at Current Market Prices�� 150

3.4.2

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices�� 151

3.4.3

GDP at 2010 Market Prices�� 152

3.4.4

GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices�� 153


3.5

Demography�� 154 3.5.1

Population�� 154

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU 4.1

4.2

Gases Emissions�� 158 4.1.1

GHGs Emissions�� 158

4.1.2

CO 2 Emissions�� 163

Main Emissions Indicators�� 168 4.2.1

CO 2 per Capita�� 168

4.2.2

Carbon GDP Intensity�� 169

PART 5 Country Profiles 5.0

European Union 28�� 174

5.1

Belgium�� 176

5.2

Bulgaria�� 178

5.3

Czech Republic�� 180

5.4

Denmark�� 182

5.5

Germany�� 184

5.6

Estonia�� 186

5.7

Ireland�� 188

5.8

Greece�� 190

5.9

Spain�� 192

5.10 France�� 194 5.11 Croatia�� 196 5.12 Italy�� 198 5.13 Cyprus�� 200 5.14 Latvia�� 202 5.15 Lithuania�� 204 5.16 Luxembourg�� 206 5.17 Hungary�� 208 5.18 Malta�� 210 5.19 Netherlands�� 212 5


5.20 Austria�� 214 5.21 Poland�� 216 5.22 Portugal�� 218 5.23 Romania�� 220 5.24 Slovenia�� 222 5.25 Slovakia�� 224 5.26 Finland�� 226 5.27 Sweden�� 228 5.28 United Kingdom�� 230

Appendices Appendices Methodology�� 236 Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature�� 236 Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN�� 237 Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE�� 238 Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR�� 239 Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN�� 240 Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE�� 241 Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR�� 242 Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations�� 243 Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes�� 244 Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors�� 245 Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values�� 246

Appendix Glossary�� 247 Appendix 12 – Glossary�� 247

Appendix Notes�� 257 Appendix 13 – Notes�� 257

Notes�� 262

6

Overview

1

PART

PART 1 Overview


Summary 1.1

1.2

1.3

Energy in the World (Overview)�� 10 1.1.1

World Energy Production by Region�� 10

1.1.2

World Energy Production by Fuel�� 11

1.1.3

World Gross Inland Consumption by Region �� 12

1.1.4

World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel�� 13

1.1.5

World Final Energy Consumption by Region�� 14

1.1.6

World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel�� 15

1.1.7

World Electricity Generation by Fuel�� 16

1.1.8

World Heat Generation by Fuel�� 17

1.1.9

World CO 2 Emissions by Region�� 18

1.1.10

World CO 2 Intensity by Region�� 19

Energy in the EU (Overview)�� 20 1.2.1


1.2.2


1.2.3

EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption�� 22

1.2.4

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency�� 24

1.2.5

EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports�� 25

1.2.6

EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin�� 26

EU 2020 Targets�� 27 1.3.1

Renewable Energy Targets�� 27

1.3.2

Renewable Energy Shares�� 29

1.3.3

GHG Emissions Targets�� 30

9

PART 1 Overview

1.1 Energy in the World (Overview) 1.1.1 World Energy Production by Region

(Mtoe) EU-28

1995 966

2000 950

2005 909

2010 840

China United States Middle East Asia* Russia Africa Rest of the World World

1 064 1 659 1 137 815 968 774 1 880 9 263

1 129 1 667 1 324 922 978 885 2 176 10 032

1 707 1 631 1 516 1 105 1 203 1 087 2 430 11 588

2 316 1 723 1 619 1 343 1 279 1 173 2 575 12 869

2014 2014 (%) 775 5.6% 2 593 2 012 1 807 1 496 1 306 1 129 2 687 13 805

18.8 % 14.6 % 13.1 % 10.8 % 9.5 % 8.2 % 19.5 % 100.0 %

TOTAL 2014: 13 805 Mtoe 5.6 % 19.5 %

EU-28 China United States Middle East Asia* Russia Africa Rest of the World

18.8 % 8.2 % 9.5 %

14.6 % 10.8 %

13.1 %

Mtoe 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28 China

United States Middle East

* Excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

10

Asia* Russia

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

500

Africa Rest of the World


1.1.2 World Energy Production by Fuel

(Mtoe) Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other Total

1995 3 397 2 220 1 811 1 211 608 17 9 263

2000 3 701 2 278 2 064 1 292 676 21 10 032

2005 4 044 2 997 2 371 1 434 722 21 11 588

2010 4 067 3 667 2 715 1 670 719 30 12 869

2014 2014 (%) 4 308 31.2 % 3 976 28.8 % 2 928 21.2 % 1 894 13.7 % 661 4.8 % 37 0.3 % 13 805 100.0 %

TOTAL 2014: 13 805 Mtoe 4.8 % 13.7 % Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other (0.3 %)

31.2 %

21.2 %

28.8 %

Mtoe

Petroleum and Products Renewables

Solid Fuels Nuclear

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

Gas Other

Source: IEA, August 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

11

PART 1 Overview

1.1.3 World Gross Inland Consumption by Region

(Mtoe) EU-28

1995 1 648

2000 1 695

2005 1 793

2010 1 725

China United States Asia* Russia Africa Middle East Rest of the World World

1 055 2 067 867 637 444 307 2 202 9 227

1 149 2 273 1 038 619 496 353 2 414 10 037

1 830 2 319 1 237 652 600 468 2 635 11 533

2 629 2 215 1 526 688 694 623 2 852 12 952

2014 2014 (%) 1 565 11.4 % 3 066 2 216 1 741 711 772 721 2 907 13 699

22.4 % 16.2 % 12.7 % 5.2 % 5.6 % 5.3 % 21.2 % 100.0 %

TOTAL 2014: 13 699 Mtoe 11.4 %

21.2 %

EU-28 China United States Asia* Russia Africa Middle East Rest of the World

22.4 %

5.3 % 5.6 % 5.2 % 16.2 %

12.7 %

Mtoe 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

EU-28 Asia*

China Russia


12

United States Africa

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Middle East Rest of the World


1.1.4 World Gross Inland Consumption by Fuel

(Mtoe) Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Hydro* Geothermal* Solar/Wind/Other* Biofuels and Waste* Nuclear Other Total

1995 3 376 2 208 1 807 1 212 213 39 4 972 608 16 9 227

2000 3 660 2 316 2 071 1 293 225 52 8 1 028 676 21 10 037

2005 4 003 2 993 2 360 1 434 252 54 17 1 132 722 21 11 533

2010 4 138 3 657 2 736 1 671 296 63 48 1 294 719 31 12 952

2014 2014 (%) 4 285 31.3 % 3 918 28.6 % 2 901 21.2 % 1 894 13.8 % 335 2.4 % 71 0.5 % 110 0.8 % 1 413 10.3 % 661 4.8 % 39 0.3 % 13 699 100.0 %

TOTAL 2014: 13 699 Mtoe 4.8 % 13.8 % Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Nuclear Other (0.3 %)

31.3 %

21.2 %

28.6 %

Mtoe


Solid Fuels Nuclear

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0

Gas Other

* Partial disaggregation of the Renewables group. Waste also includes non-RES wastes. Source: IEA, August 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

13

PART 1 Overview

1.1.5 World Final Energy Consumption by Region

(Mtoe) EU-28

1995 1 133

2000 1 180

2005 1 242

2010 1 208

2014 2014 (%) 1 095 11.6 %

China United States Asia* Africa Russia Middle East Rest of the World World

788 1 378 643 324 458 202 1 613 6 539

796 1 546 744 369 418 241 1 747 7 041

1 227 1 563 877 437 412 313 1 905 7 977

1 667 1 512 1 073 508 447 414 2 037 8 866

1 997 1 538 1 214 559 454 476 2 092 9 425

21.2 % 16.3 % 12.9 % 5.9 % 4.8 % 5.1 % 22.2 % 100.0 %

TOTAL 2014: 9 425 Mtoe

11.6 % EU-28 China United States Asia* Africa Russia Middle East Rest of the World

22.2 % 21.2 % 5.1 % 4.8 % 5.9 % 16.3 %

12.9 %

Mtoe 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

EU-28 Asia*

China Russia


14


2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0



1.1.6 World Final Energy Consumption by Fuel

(Mtoe) 1995 2 797 662 1 006 847 936 287 3 6 539

Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Electricity Heat Other Total

2000 3 115 548 1 117 915 1 092 248 7 7 041

2005 3 441 792 1 190 986 1 302 260 5 7 977

2010 3 597 1 008 1 338 1 104 1 539 274 7 8 866

2014 2014 (%) 3 761 39.9 % 1 075 11.4 % 1 420 15.1 % 1 181 12.5 % 1 706 18.1 % 274 2.9 % 8 0.1 % 9 425 100.0 %

TOTAL 2014: 9 425 Mtoe 2.9 % 18.1 % Petroleum and Products Solid Fuels Gas Renewables Electricity Heat Other (0.1 %)

39.9 %

12.5 %

15.1 %

11.4 %

Mtoe 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

Petroleum and Products Renewables Other

Solid Fuels Electricity

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Gas Heat

Source: IEA, August 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

15

PART 1 Overview

1.1.7 World Electricity Generation by Fuel

(TWh) 1995 4 992 1 279 2 022 2 637 2 479 10 131 40 2 332 24 13 285

Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gas Renewables Hydro* Solar/Wind/Other* Biofuels and Waste* Geothermal* Nuclear Other Total

2000 6 005 1 251 2 753 2 837 2 619 35 164 52 2 591 34 15 471

2005 7 335 1 178 3 706 3 291 2 934 120 223 58 2 768 46 18 324

2010 8 665 982 4 828 4 205 3 442 384 367 68 2 756 58 21 493

2014 2014 (%) 9 707 40.8 % 1 023 4.3 % 5 155 21.6 % 5 323 22.3 % 3 895 16.4 % 928 3.9 % 493 2.1 % 77 0.3 % 2 535 10.6 % 72 0.3 % 23 816 100.0 %

TOTAL 2014: 23 816 TWh 10.6 % Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gas Renewables Nuclear Other (0.3 %)

40.8 % 22.3 %

21.6 %

4.3 %

TWh 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000

Solid Fuels Renewables

Petroleum and Products Nuclear


16

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Gas Other


1.1.8 World Heat Generation by Fuel

(PJ) Gas Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Renewables Geothermal* Solar/Wind/Other* Biofuels and Waste* Nuclear Other Total

1995 7 157 4 367 1 939 254 17 9 345 20 162 13 900

2000 6 232 4 332 1 160 296 18 12 414 19 203 12 242

2005 6 657 4 719 967 395 24 386 530 21 601 13 360

2010 6 581 5 445 843 585 26 346 782 27 634 14 116

2014 2014 (%) 6 071 43.9 % 5 669 41.0 % 641 4.6 % 685 5.0 % 30 0.2 % 354 2.6 % 924 6.7 % 26 0.2 % 729 5.3 % 13 822 100.0 %

TOTAL 2014: 13 822 PJ 5.3 % 5.0 % 4.6 % Gas Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Renewables Nuclear (0.2 %) Other

43.9 %

41.0 %

PJ 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000


Gas Nuclear

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0

Petroleum and Products Other


17

PART 1 Overview

1.1.9 World CO2 Emissions* by Region

(Mio ton CO2) EU-28 China United States Asia** Middle East Russian Federation Africa Rest of the World World

1995 4 008

2000 4 033

2005 4 206

2010 3 897

3 062 5 211 1 704 816 1 562 614 5 221 22 199

3 332 5 790 2 140 957 1 488 700 5 736 24 175

5 461 5 854 2 641 1 236 1 497 900 6 256 28 051

7 237 5 504 3 423 1 601 1 552 1 044 6 706 30 965

2013 2013 (%) 3 607 10.8 % 9 114 5 234 3 829 1 757 1 578 1 121 7 049 33 289

27.4 % 15.7 % 11.5 % 5.3 % 4.7 % 3.4 % 21.2 % 100.0 %

TOTAL 2013: 33 289 Mio ton CO2

10.8 % EU-28 China United States Asia** Middle East Russia Federation Africa Rest of the World

21.2 %

27.4 %

3.4 % 4.7 % 5.3 % 11.5 %

15.7 %

Mio ton CO2 10 000 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000

EU-28 Asia**

China Russia Federation


18

2013


* Contains CO2 emissions from fuel combustion and international maritime and aviation bunkers. ** Excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

0


1.1.10 World CO2 Intensity* by Region

(Kg CO2 per toe – AVERAGE) EU-28

1995 2 432

2000 2 379

2005 2 346

2010 2 259

2012 2 249

2013 2 218

China United States Asia** Middle East Russia Africa Rest of the World World

2 903 2 521 1 966 2 660 2 454 1 383 2 371 2 406

2 900 2 547 2 062 2 706 2 402 1 412 2 376 2 409

2 985 2 525 2 136 2 637 2 297 1 501 2 374 2 432

2 753 2 485 2 243 2 570 2 255 1 505 2 352 2 391

2 959 2 385 2 282 2 544 2 130 1 493 2 433 2 437

3 019 2 398 2 303 2 582 2 165 1 495 2 431 2 457

WORLD AVERAGE 2013: 2 457 Kg CO2 per toe 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 EU-28 China

United States Asia**

Middle East Russia

Africa World Rest of the World

Kg CO2 per toe 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500

EU-28 Asia**

China Russia


2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

1995

1 000


* Per Unit of Gross Inland Consumption. ** Excluding China. Source: IEA, August 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

19

Total Production: 969.1

Net Imports: 736.6

Gross Inland Consumption: 1 674.7

Intermediary

Transformation Input: 1 416.1

Transformation Output: 1 045.9

Non-Transformed Energy

Demand

pti

Co

n

Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

m su

on

nL

b

io ut

on

o

i

n nE

k

tri

ati

e ss

oc

Dis

:9

Tra

rm

s:

erg

St

o nsf

es

20 Consum Final Energy

stry: 331.7

ption – Indu

07.3 n: 1 ptio m u s Con rgy -Ene Non

Final Energy Consum ption – Transport : 306.9 Final En ergy Co n Fin sumptio al E n – Serv ices: 11 Fin ner 4.2 a Fin l Ene gy Co ns. rgy al – En Ag erg Cons um ricult yC ure pti on on /Fo su res –F mp try i shi tio : 31 ng n– : .1 1.4 No nsp ec ifie d: 12 .2

ntial: 285.3 Final Energy Consumption – Reside

l Fina

Available Final for Final Energy Consumption: Consumption: 1 192.6 1 082.7

Final

(Mtoe)

ng

Ch a

Supply

PART 1 Overview

1.2 Energy in the EU (Overview)

1.2.1 EU-28 Energy Flow – 1995

es:

s Los

37

ine ar lM a 4 ion : 5. at Use ern irect Int D

0.7

26

.6

yS

to ec

7.4 r: 8

s:

er nk Bu

34

.6

Total Production: 786.1

Net Imports: 880.9

Gross Inland Consumption: 1 605.9

Intermediary

Transformation Input: 1 416.1

Transformation Output: 1 045.9

Non-Transformed Energy

tr

Co

on

ss

t ibu

io

o nL

n nE

i

kC

ati

erg

oc

pti

n

m su

9.3

Dis

s:

Demand

ses

o

os nL

es

St

orm nsf Tra

ge

Available Final for Final Energy Consumption: Consumption: 1 160.9 1 061.7

Final

stry: 274.8

ption – Indu

9.4

Final Energy Consum ption – Transport : 352.9 Final En ergy Co nsumpti Fin o a n – Serv ices: 14 Fin l Ene 1.2 rg al Fin Ene y Con rgy s. – al En C erg onsu Agric ult mp yC ure tio on /Fo n– su res mp Fis try hin tio : 23 n– g: .6 1.1 No nsp ec ifie d: 4.8

ntial: 263.2 Final Energy Consumption – Reside

Consum Final Energy

n-E

l No

Fina

n: 9

ptio nsum y Co nerg

ha n

Supply


1.2.2 EU-28 Energy Flow – 2014 (Mtoe)

:3

45

:2

5

yS

to ec

7.5 r: 7

s:

ine ar lM a 1 ion 10. at se: ern rect U i Int D

er nk Bu

41

.6


21

PART 1 Overview

1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

ENERGY MIX (%) – PRIMARY PRODUCTS ONLY

TOTAL PRIMARY 1995: 1 672.9 Mtoe

(Total Primary and Secondary 1995: 1 674.7 Mtoe)

5 % 14 % 39 % 22 %

20 %

Petroleum and Products Gas Solid Fuels Nuclear Heat Renewables Waste, non-Renewable (0 %)

TOTAL PRIMARY 2014: 1 604.6 Mtoe

(Total Primary and Secondary 2014: 1 605.9 Mtoe)

13 %

1 %

34%

14 %

17 % 21%


22

Petroleum and Products Gas Solid Fuels Nuclear Heat Renewables Waste, non-Renewable


1.2.3 EU-28 Gross Inland Consumption

ENERGY MIX* – 2014 (%) 0 %

20 %

EU-28


40 %

60 %

Petroleum and Products Waste, non-Renewable

80 %

Gas

100 %

Nuclear Heat

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK 0 %

20 %

40 %

60 %

80 %

100 %

* Primary Products Only. Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

23

PART 1 Overview

1.2.4 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency

BY FUEL – (%) Total Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Natural Gas

1995 43.1

2000 46.7

2005 52.2

2010 52.6

2013 53.1

2014 53.5

21.5 29.7 74.1 73.0 43.4

30.6 42.6 75.7 74.4 48.9

39.4 55.7 82.1 81.3 57.1

39.5 57.9 84.5 84.6 62.2

44.1 64.5 87.4 88.0 65.2

45.6 67.9 87.4 87.9 67.4

1995-2014 (%) 100 % 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014

90 %

80 %

70 %

60 %

50 %

40 %

30 %

20 %

10 %

0 % Total

Solid Fuels of Hard Coal


24

Petroleum and Products

of Crude and NGL

Natural Gas


1.2.5 EU-28 Energy Import Dependency – Net Imports 2014 ENERGY IMPORT DEPENDENCY (%) 0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

BE

BE

BG

BG

CZ

CZ

DK

DK

DE

DE

EE

EE

IE

IE

EL

EL

ES

ES

FR

FR

HR

HR

IT

IT

CY

CY

LV

LV

LT

LT

LU

LU

HU

HU

MT

MT

NL

NL

AT

AT

PL

PL

PT

PT

RO

RO

SI

SI

SK

SK

FI

FI

SE

SE

UK

UK 0

20

40

60

80

NET IMPORTS (Mtoe)

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


25

PART 1 Overview

1.2.6 EU-28 Imports by Country of Origin EU-28 IMPORTS* OF NATURAL GAS – 2014 Total non-EU = 11 796 884 TJ-GCV 37.5 %

Russia 31.6 %

Norway 12.3 %

Algeria Qatar

6.9 %

Not specified

6.5 %

Libya Nigeria

2.1 % 1.5 %

Trinidad & Tobago

0.9 %

Other non-EU suppliers

0.7 %

EU-28 IMPORTS* OF CRUDE OIL – 2014 Total non-EU = 494 241 kton Russia

30.4 %

Norway

13.1 %

Nigeria

9.1 %

Soudi Arabia

8.9 %

Kazakhstan

6.4 %

Iraq 4.6 % Azerbaijan 4.4 % Algeria 4.2 % Other non-EU suppliers

18.8 %

EU-28 IMPORTS* OF SOLID FUELS – 2014 Total non-EU = 229 847 kton Russia

29.0 %

Colombia

21.2 %

United States South Africa Australia Not Specified Indonesia Canada Other non-EU suppliers

20.5 % 9.9 % 6.2 % 3.6 % 3.4 % 2.5 % 3.7 %

* From non-EU suppliers. Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

26


1.3 EU 2020 Targets 1.3.1 Renewable Energy Targets*

RES Heating and Cooling

Overall RES Share

Indicative Trajectory 2013/2014

Indicative Trajectory 2015/2016

2020 RES Target

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

RES Electricity

% EU-28

RES Transport

2014 Renewable Energy Shares

5.9

27.5

17.7

16.0

n.a.

n.a.

20.0

4.9 5.3 6.1 5.8 6.6 0.2 5.2 1.4 0.5 7.8 2.1 4.5 2.7 3.2 4.2 5.2 6.9 4.7 5.7 8.9 5.7 3.4 3.8 2.6 6.9 21.6 19.2 4.9

13.4 18.9 13.9 48.5 28.2 14.6 22.7 21.9 37.8 18.3 45.3 33.4 7.4 51.1 13.7 5.9 7.3 3.3 10.0 70.0 12.4 52.1 41.7 33.9 23.0 31.4 63.3 17.8

7.8 28.3 16.7 37.8 12.2 45.2 6.6 26.9 15.8 17.8 36.2 18.9 21.8 52.2 41.6 7.4 12.4 14.6 5.2 32.6 13.9 34.0 26.8 33.3 8.7 51.9 68.1 4.5

8.0 18.0 13.4 29.2 13.8 26.5 8.6 15.3 16.2 14.3 27.9 17.1 9.0 38.7 23.9 4.5 9.5 4.7 5.5 33.1 11.4 27.0 24.9 21.9 11.6 38.7 52.6 7.0

5.4 11.4 8.2 20.9 9.5 20.1 7.0 10.2 12.1 14.1 14.8 8.7 5.9 34.8 17.4 3.9 6.9 3.0 5.9 26.5 9.5 23.7 19.7 18.7 8.9 31.4 42.6 5.4

7.1 12.4 9.2 22.9 11.3 21.2 8.9 11.9 13.8 16.0 15.9 10.5 7.4 35.9 18.6 5.4 8.2 4.5 7.6 28.1 10.7 25.2 20.6 20.1 10.0 32.8 43.9 7.5

13.0 16.0 13.0 30.0 18.0 25.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 23.0 20.0 17.0 13.0 40.0 23.0 11.0 13.0 10.0 14.0 34.0 15.0 31.0 24.0 25.0 14.0 38.0 49.0 15.0

* In % of the Gross Final Energy Consumption. Source: Eurostat, February 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

27

PART 1 Overview

1.3.1 Renewable Energy Targets*

OVERALL RENEWABLE ENERGY SHARE 2014 (%) 0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

EU-28 Overall RES Share 2014 Indicative Trajectory 2013/2014 Indicative Trajectory 2015/2016 2020 RES Target


10 %

20 %

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption. Source: Eurostat, February 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

28

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %


1.3.2 Renewable Energy Shares *

RES SHARES IN HEATING AND COOLING, ELECTRICITY, AND TRANSPORT – 2014 (%) 0 %

10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

EU-28 RES in Transport 2014 RES Electricity 2014 RES Heating and Cooling 2014


10 %

20 %

30 %

40 %

50 %

60 %

70 %

80 %

* In Gross Final Energy Consumption. Source: Eurostat, February 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

29

PART 1 Overview

1.3.3 GHG Emissions Targets *

EMISSIONS COMPARED TO 1990 Index 100=1990 EU-28

1990 100.0

1995 94.1

2000 92.1

2005 93.2

2010 85.7

2013 80.2

2014 77.1


100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

105.2 71.1 79.4 111.1 90.1 49.9 106.6 105.7 114.2 100.2 70.0 102.5 123.5 48.8 45.7 80.4 80.6 128.8 105.8 101.8 94.2 117.5 72.6 100.8 73.2 100.6 103.0 94.7

103.2 55.9 75.8 101.4 84.3 42.7 124.3 121.4 135.6 102.2 77.2 106.9 143.4 39.8 39.5 80.8 78.5 135.2 101.5 103.0 83.0 138.3 55.8 102.8 66.8 98.2 96.7 91.6

99.5 60.4 74.9 95.7 80.5 46.0 127.4 129.0 154.5 102.5 88.9 111.8 158.2 43.9 47.2 108.3 81.1 147.7 99.4 118.9 84.0 145.6 58.2 110.3 69.0 97.9 94.1 89.6

92.2 57.6 70.6 91.2 76.6 50.0 112.9 112.6 128.1 95.3 83.1 98.4 161.7 47.8 42.6 102.0 70.0 154.9 98.8 109.1 86.1 117.6 46.5 105.5 62.4 107.3 91.6 79.1

82.6 52.9 65.9 80.0 77.0 54.3 105.8 99.9 116.9 90.3 72.0 85.2 136.4 44.3 40.7 93.1 61.3 148.7 90.7 102.9 83.4 109.1 43.7 98.5 57.5 90.2 79.4 73.8

79.1 55.1 63.5 74.4 73.5 52.9 105.7 97.2 117.5 85.4 70.4 81.4 143.1 44.0 40.5 90.6 61.0 150.9 87.3 98.2 80.7 108.8 43.7 89.2 54.5 84.4 77.4 68.5

* Emissions of the Kyoto basket of GHG. Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 1

30

Energy in the EU

PART

2

PART 2 Energy in the EU


Summary 2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

Energy Supply�� 35 2.1.1

Production�� 35

2.1.2

Net Imports�� 38

2.1.3

Gross Inland Consumption�� 41

Imports�� 45 2.2.1

Imports – Solid Fuels�� 45

2.2.2

Imports – Petroleum and Products�� 50

2.2.3

Imports – Gases�� 55

2.2.4

Imports – Electricity�� 59

2.2.5

Imports by Country of Origin�� 63

Energy Import Dependency�� 66 2.3.1

Import Dependency – All Fuels �� 66

2.3.2

Import Dependency – By Fuel�� 67

2.3.3

Import Dependency – Solid Fuels �� 68

2.3.4

Import Dependency – Hard Coal �� 69

2.3.5

Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products �� 70

2.3.6

Import Dependency – Crude and NGL �� 71

2.3.7

Import Dependency – Natural Gas �� 72

Energy Transformation�� 73 2.4.1

Transformation Input – All Fuels�� 73

2.4.2

Transformation Input – By Fuel�� 74

2.4.3

Transformation Input – By Sector�� 75

2.4.4

Transformation Output – All Fuels�� 76

2.4.5

Transformation Output – By Fuel�� 77

2.4.6

Transformation Output – By Sector�� 78

Final Energy�� 79 2.5.1

Available for Final Consumption�� 79

2.5.2

Final Energy Consumption�� 80

2.5.3

Final Non-Energy Consumption�� 84

2.5.4

Primary Energy Consumption�� 85

Electricity�� 86 2.6.1

Installed Electricity Capacity�� 86

2.6.2

Gross Electricity Generation�� 89

2.6.3

Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer�� 94 33


2.7

2.8

2.9

Solar and Wind Energy�� 95 2.7.1

Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity�� 95

2.7.2

Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity�� 97

2.7.3

Wind Gross Electricity Production�� 99

2.7.4

Wind Capacity Factor�� 101

2.7.5

Solar Collectors’ Surface�� 102

2.7.6

Solar Installed Capacity�� 103

2.7.7

Solar Gross Electricity Production�� 104

2.7.8

Solar Penetration Level�� 105

CHP�� 106 2.8.1

CHP Electricity�� 106

2.8.2

CHP Heat�� 107

2.8.3

CHP Electricity and Heat�� 108

Heat�� 109 2.9.1

Gross Heat Generation�� 109

2.10 Transport�� 112 2.10.1

Fuels Final Consumption�� 112

2.10.2

Biofuels�� 113

2.11 Energy Efficiency�� 115 2.11.1

Energy Intensity�� 115

2.11.2

Energy Consumption per Capita�� 116

2.11.3

Final Electricity Consumption per Capita�� 117

2.11.4

Primary Energy Intensity�� 118

2 .11 .5

Carbon Intensity�� 119

2.12 RES Indicators�� 120 2.12.1

RES Shares�� 120

2.13 Energy Prices�� 123

34

2.13.1

Prices of Transport Fuels�� 123

2.13.2

Fuel Prices – Domestic Consumers�� 126

2.13.3

Fuel Prices – Industrial Consumers�� 128


2.1 Energy Supply 2.1.1 Production*

ALL FUELS Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 969.1 100 %

2000 951.9 98 %

2005 914.3 94 %

2010 849.6 88 %

2013 804.7 83 %

2014 786.1 81 %

11.83 10.27 32.46 16.26 145.26 3.89 4.10 9.36 31.43 127.36 5.00 29.83 0.04 1.43 3.78 0.05 13.90 0.00 70.06 8.77 99.38 3.39 32.31 2.96 5.06 13.13 31.38 256.46

13.61 9.87 30.54 28.77 135.60 3.55 2.16 10.01 31.49 130.14 4.26 28.49 0.04 1.47 3.28 0.06 11.60 0.00 61.95 9.79 79.59 3.89 28.47 3.09 6.39 15.16 30.05 268.55

13.72 10.70 32.86 30.78 139.11 4.39 1.65 10.33 30.09 136.20 4.75 30.33 0.05 1.87 3.96 0.11 10.37 0.00 66.87 9.89 78.59 3.62 28.22 3.49 6.68 16.95 34.26 204.43

16.15 10.53 31.58 22.92 133.03 5.60 1.88 9.46 34.53 134.90 5.16 33.07 0.09 1.98 1.33 0.12 11.06 0.00 74.42 11.92 67.38 5.80 27.82 3.79 6.35 17.99 32.76 148.03

15.54 10.59 30.08 16.48 125.32 6.37 2.36 9.33 34.73 135.32 4.51 36.86 0.11 2.14 1.43 0.14 10.20 0.01 73.35 12.14 71.47 5.86 26.19 3.61 6.82 18.67 34.80 110.29

13.21 11.32 29.22 15.81 124.91 6.63 2.12 8.85 35.10 136.93 4.43 36.81 0.12 2.38 1.50 0.16 10.11 0.01 62.90 12.07 67.89 6.08 26.66 3.69 6.72 18.67 34.27 107.56

PRODUCTION – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 1 200 1 000 800 600

EU-28

400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

* Primary Production and Receipt, Production from Other Sources and Recycled Products. Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

35


2.1.1 Production*

BY FUEL

Mtoe EU-28 Share (%)

Nuclear

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Gases


Wastes, Non-Renewable

2014

226.1 28.8 %

150.0 19.1 %

195.8 24.9 %

117.3 14.9 %

84.5 10.7 %

12.4 1.6 %


8.69 4.11 7.84 0.00 25.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.78 112.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.05 0.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.01 1.64 4.04 6.08 16.74 16.44

0.00 5.12 16.93 0.00 44.13 4.58 0.97 6.38 1.63 0.19 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 1.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 54.03 0.00 4.45 0.82 0.58 1.60 0.13 6.79

2.86 1.84 3.66 3.14 36.02 1.19 0.85 2.33 18.00 21.00 2.29 23.64 0.11 2.37 1.36 0.12 2.05 0.01 4.56 9.37 8.05 5.85 6.09 1.18 1.44 10.07 16.66 9.70

0.00 0.16 0.21 4.16 6.86 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.02 0.02 1.44 5.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.44 0.00 50.37 1.09 3.73 0.00 8.77 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.01 32.93

0.99 0.07 0.33 8.09 8.54 0.80 0.11 0.11 0.46 1.89 0.68 6.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.90 0.00 6.24 0.91 1.56 0.09 4.28 0.01 0.42 0.67 0.13 41.02

0.66 0.02 0.25 0.42 4.30 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.20 1.24 0.01 1.16 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.68 0.70 0.52 0.15 0.07 0.04 0.15 0.24 0.60 0.67


36


2.1.1 Production*

BY FUEL – EU-28 – 1990-2014 (Mtoe)

400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Solid Fuels Nuclear


Gases Wastes, Non-Renewable

PRODUCTION – BY FUEL – EU-28 – 2014 (% OF TOTAL) Total = 786 Mtoe

1.6 % 10.7 % 28.8 %

14.9 %

24.9 %

19.1 %

Nuclear Solid Fuels Renewables Gases Petroleum and Products Wastes, Non-Renewable


37


2.1.2 Net Imports

ALL FUELS Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 736.60 100 %

2000 827.19 112 %

2005 980.64 133 %

2010 954.19 130 %

2013 908.52 123 %

2014 880.89 120 %


46.64 12.83 8.60 7.27 195.18 1.81 7.77 18.29 75.42 117.06 2.85 134.50 2.04 3.36 5.54 3.25 12.55 0.84 17.15 18.02 -1.16 18.02 14.03 3.09 12.14 15.91 20.43 -36.83

50.53 8.54 9.41 -7.37 204.71 1.63 12.37 22.15 99.34 134.08 4.08 152.07 2.57 2.36 4.25 3.64 13.96 1.46 34.71 19.01 8.77 22.07 7.99 3.41 12.00 18.25 20.44 -39.22

53.46 9.28 12.64 -10.13 208.11 1.50 13.77 23.50 123.83 144.17 5.15 160.37 2.84 3.10 5.03 4.68 17.42 1.63 37.85 24.52 15.94 24.85 10.84 3.86 12.43 18.99 19.46 31.59

53.59 7.08 11.45 -3.25 201.69 0.87 13.21 21.83 106.34 132.14 4.39 149.46 2.94 2.22 5.67 4.51 14.97 2.36 30.14 21.57 31.53 18.59 7.83 3.58 11.26 17.87 19.29 61.07

48.53 6.36 11.79 2.51 204.59 0.85 12.35 16.43 89.05 125.30 4.04 124.24 2.33 2.63 5.30 4.21 11.81 2.14 24.38 20.78 25.17 16.79 6.02 3.25 10.07 16.62 16.02 94.98

47.07 6.15 12.59 2.26 194.21 0.62 11.68 17.40 90.66 115.39 3.59 116.12 2.29 1.90 5.23 4.07 14.06 2.05 30.23 21.54 27.05 16.26 5.50 3.01 9.86 16.92 15.99 87.22

NET IMPORTS – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 1 200 1 000 800 600 EU-28

400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


38


2.1.2 Net Imports

BY FUEL

Gases

Solid Fuels

Renewables

Electricity




Net imports

2014

880.9 100.0 %

520.1 59.0 %

231.1 26.2 %

122.5 13.9 %

5.6 0.6 %

1.3 0.2 %

47.07 6.15 12.59 2.26 194.21 0.62 11.68 17.40 90.66 115.39 3.59 116.12 2.29 1.90 5.23 4.07 14.06 2.05 30.23 21.54 27.05 16.26 5.50 3.01 9.86 16.92 15.99 87.22

28.94 3.87 8.85 -0.47 105.40 0.73 6.60 13.87 57.76 77.87 2.35 51.14 2.27 1.54 2.28 2.69 5.60 2.05 41.42 10.97 20.97 10.41 4.61 2.33 2.98 9.18 13.94 29.91

12.75 2.22 5.95 -1.31 56.67 0.44 3.59 2.47 24.50 33.79 0.58 45.47 0.00 0.78 2.14 0.84 6.82 0.00 -21.23 6.24 9.65 3.48 0.47 0.62 3.95 2.51 0.79 26.92

3.37 0.93 -0.79 2.51 35.66 0.01 1.20 0.19 8.85 9.16 0.60 12.90 0.00 0.05 0.21 0.05 0.62 0.00 9.81 3.07 -4.29 2.60 1.00 0.24 2.85 3.60 1.99 26.17

0.50 -0.06 -0.02 1.29 -0.61 -0.32 0.11 0.12 -0.16 0.35 -0.27 2.85 0.02 -0.72 -0.07 0.07 -0.14 0.01 -1.19 0.47 0.54 -0.32 0.04 0.05 -0.03 0.09 0.61 2.45

1.51 -0.81 -1.40 0.25 -2.91 -0.24 0.18 0.76 -0.29 -5.78 0.34 3.76 0.00 0.20 0.66 0.42 1.15 0.00 1.27 0.80 0.19 0.08 -0.61 -0.24 0.10 1.55 -1.34 1.77


39


2.1.2 Net Imports

BY FUEL – EU-28 – 1990-2014 (Mtoe)

700 600 500 400 300 200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Petroleum and Products Wastes, Non-Renewable

Gases Renewables

Solid Fuels Electricity

NET IMPORTS – BY FUEL – EU-28 – 2014 (% TOTAL) Total = 881 Mtoe 13.9 %

26.2 %


40

59.0 %

Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels Renewables (0.6 %) Electricity (0.2 %) Wastes, Non-Renewable (0 %)


2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption

ALL FUELS Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 1 674.67 100 %

2000 1 729.98 103 %

2005 1 831.03 109 %

2010 1 763.70 105 %

2013 1 666.70 100 %

2014 1 605.93 96 %

53.83 22.69 41.71 20.20 341.64 5.53 11.07 23.87 102.08 241.78 7.86 161.77 1.97 4.62 8.64 3.32 26.18 0.76 75.42 27.11 98.83 20.64 46.31 6.07 17.72 29.36 51.47 222.25

59.33 18.52 41.09 19.74 342.33 4.97 14.43 28.29 123.64 257.54 8.42 174.22 2.41 3.86 7.06 3.65 25.30 0.80 78.10 29.02 88.65 25.29 36.65 6.45 18.30 32.44 48.90 230.56

59.08 19.75 45.12 19.56 341.91 5.62 15.27 31.41 144.22 276.60 9.78 190.08 2.54 4.59 8.71 4.80 27.61 0.97 84.43 34.20 92.22 27.48 39.21 7.33 19.03 34.54 50.99 234.00

61.17 17.77 44.67 20.04 332.97 6.15 15.17 28.84 130.25 267.09 9.43 177.93 2.74 4.63 6.79 4.64 25.71 0.94 86.08 34.35 100.68 24.28 35.80 7.34 17.86 37.14 50.78 212.48

56.52 16.76 42.19 18.22 324.49 6.70 13.70 24.30 119.33 258.95 8.59 159.52 2.19 4.47 6.69 4.34 22.68 0.87 80.43 33.68 97.98 22.40 32.43 6.87 17.00 34.13 49.13 202.17

53.37 17.73 41.46 16.91 312.97 6.73 13.56 24.43 116.68 248.50 8.20 151.03 2.22 4.45 6.70 4.22 22.77 0.89 76.81 32.67 94.31 22.10 32.29 6.68 16.18 34.59 48.17 189.34

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28

500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


41



BY FUEL



Gases

Solid Fuels

Nuclear

Renewables

Waste, Non-Renewable

Electricity

2014

553.2 34.4 %

342.9 21.4 %

268.5 16.7 %

226.1 14.1 %

201.2 12.5 %

12.6 0.8 %

1.3 0.1 %


23.25 3.87 9.07 6.59 108.42 1.10 6.63 12.03 49.07 77.24 3.17 55.83 2.08 1.43 2.44 2.67 6.36 0.87 32.20 11.90 22.37 10.17 8.59 2.33 3.28 9.58 12.00 68.63

12.60 2.36 6.18 2.83 63.09 0.44 3.72 2.48 23.67 32.60 2.02 50.71 0.00 1.08 2.07 0.85 6.98 0.00 29.06 6.45 13.41 3.47 9.36 0.63 3.77 2.52 0.80 59.78

3.29 6.40 15.88 2.39 79.62 4.50 2.01 6.69 11.49 9.29 0.65 13.07 0.00 0.06 0.24 0.05 2.21 0.00 9.01 3.05 49.24 2.68 5.75 1.05 3.42 4.47 2.10 29.94

8.69 4.11 7.84 0.00 25.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.78 112.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.05 0.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.01 1.64 4.04 6.08 16.74 16.44

3.36 1.79 3.64 4.44 35.41 0.86 0.96 2.45 17.77 21.32 2.01 26.51 0.13 1.61 1.28 0.19 1.92 0.02 3.40 9.79 8.59 5.53 6.12 1.23 1.42 10.16 17.27 12.11

0.66 0.02 0.25 0.42 4.30 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.20 1.24 0.01 1.16 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.82 0.70 0.52 0.17 0.07 0.04 0.15 0.24 0.60 0.67

1.51 -0.81 -1.40 0.25 -2.91 -0.24 0.19 0.76 -0.29 -5.78 0.34 3.76 0.00 0.20 0.66 0.42 1.15 0.00 1.27 0.80 0.19 0.08 -0.61 -0.24 0.10 1.55 -1.34 1.76


42


2.1.3 Gross Inland Consumption RENEWABLES

Hydro

Wind

Solar

Geothermal

Tide, Wave and Ocean


Biomass and Renewable Wastes


Renewables

2014

201.2 12.5 %

129.0 8.0 %

32.2 2.0 %

21.8 1.4 %

12.0 0.7 %

6.2 0.4 %

0.0 0.0 %

3.36 1.79 3.64 4.44 35.41 0.86 0.96 2.45 17.77 21.32 2.01 26.51 0.13 1.61 1.28 0.19 1.92 0.02 3.40 9.79 8.59 5.53 6.12 1.23 1.42 10.16 17.27 12.11

2.67 1.12 3.23 3.22 24.88 0.81 0.45 1.21 6.80 13.57 1.15 12.84 0.04 1.43 1.18 0.16 1.70 0.01 2.76 5.65 7.71 2.83 3.81 0.64 0.99 8.91 10.80 8.45

0.02 0.40 0.16 0.00 1.68 0.00 0.06 0.39 3.37 5.40 0.77 5.03 0.00 0.17 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 3.53 0.19 1.34 1.62 0.52 0.36 1.15 5.48 0.51

0.40 0.11 0.04 1.13 4.93 0.05 0.44 0.32 4.47 1.48 0.06 1.31 0.02 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.50 0.33 0.66 1.04 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.97 2.75

0.27 0.13 0.20 0.08 3.73 0.00 0.01 0.52 3.11 0.61 0.01 2.10 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.25 0.02 0.13 0.14 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.40

0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.22 0.01 5.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.19 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


43



BY FUEL – EU-28 – 1990-2014 (Mtoe)

700 600 500 400 300 200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Petroleum and Products Nuclear


Gases Wastes, Non-Renewable

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – BY FUEL – EU-28 – 2014 (% TOTAL) Total = 1 606 Mtoe

0.8 % 12.5 % 34.5 %

14.1 %

16.7 % 21.4 %


44

Petroleum and Products Gases Solid Fuels Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable


2.2 Imports 2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels TOTAL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 116.3 100 %

2000 131.8 113 %

2005 153.6 132 %

2010 136.1 117 %

2013 162.0 139 %

2014 159.8 137 %


10.34 2.42 1.84 7.68 12.26 0.35 1.90 0.92 8.67 9.60 0.15 13.09 0.01 0.17 0.16 0.49 1.65 0.00 11.62 2.64 1.08 3.86 3.07 0.19 4.18 3.86 2.80 11.34

8.43 2.38 1.04 3.86 22.20 0.33 1.70 0.81 13.35 13.55 0.49 13.22 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.11 1.21 0.00 14.01 3.06 1.02 3.97 1.93 0.24 3.47 3.55 2.43 15.23

6.04 2.57 1.35 3.56 26.57 0.07 1.91 0.40 14.83 14.14 0.62 16.52 0.04 0.08 0.18 0.08 1.45 0.00 12.99 3.99 2.15 3.23 2.96 0.33 3.90 3.36 2.58 27.71

4.42 1.75 2.23 2.68 32.55 0.05 0.96 0.40 7.85 12.37 0.70 14.00 0.01 0.12 0.22 0.07 1.41 0.00 12.78 3.37 8.27 1.63 1.28 0.28 3.22 3.98 2.57 16.90

3.82 1.01 2.00 2.88 37.43 0.04 1.48 0.23 8.08 11.76 0.75 13.18 0.00 0.07 0.31 0.05 1.04 0.00 25.20 3.13 6.46 2.53 1.09 0.27 2.87 3.40 1.85 31.07

3.83 0.98 2.86 2.54 37.17 0.05 1.22 0.20 9.53 9.19 0.61 13.13 0.00 0.05 0.22 0.05 1.06 0.00 28.67 3.07 6.43 2.60 1.01 0.24 2.93 3.65 2.01 26.55

IMPORTS – SOLID FUELS – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 200 150 100

EU-28

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


45


2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels

HARD COAL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 105.9 100 %

2000 120.7 114 %

2005 144.1 136 %

2010 126.9 120 %

2013 153.6 145 %

2014 150.7 142 %


9.44 2.35 1.63 7.65 9.50 0.05 1.87 0.92 8.09 8.91 0.07 12.58 0.01 0.17 0.16 0.13 1.23 0.00 11.06 2.05 1.05 3.84 3.01 0.14 3.10 3.67 2.37 10.87

7.46 2.25 0.63 3.82 17.39 0.06 1.68 0.81 13.25 12.49 0.44 12.87 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.10 1.12 0.00 13.63 2.34 1.01 3.97 1.65 0.20 3.15 3.21 2.14 14.90

5.70 2.49 0.76 3.54 23.93 0.04 1.88 0.40 14.74 13.00 0.57 15.94 0.04 0.07 0.16 0.07 1.30 0.00 12.71 3.00 2.05 3.22 2.42 0.30 3.48 3.01 2.22 27.09

4.09 1.70 1.29 2.67 29.33 0.05 0.95 0.40 7.71 11.41 0.66 13.99 0.01 0.11 0.18 0.06 1.40 0.00 12.54 2.48 8.16 1.63 0.52 0.23 2.57 3.68 2.29 16.82

3.46 0.96 1.27 2.86 34.92 0.04 1.46 0.22 7.96 11.09 0.71 12.55 0.00 0.07 0.25 0.04 1.03 0.00 25.03 2.21 6.27 2.53 0.56 0.20 2.58 3.14 1.74 30.50

3.43 0.92 1.95 2.53 34.66 0.05 1.20 0.20 9.36 8.51 0.57 12.30 0.00 0.05 0.18 0.05 1.03 0.00 28.29 2.20 6.22 2.59 0.41 0.21 2.59 3.36 1.91 25.91

IMPORTS – SOLID FUELS – HARD COAL – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 200 150 100 EU-28 50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


46


2.2.1 Imports – Solid Fuels RANKING Mtoe and %

1995 MS

Imports

13.1 12.3 11.6 11.3 10.3 9.6 8.7 7.7 4.2 3.9 58.6

11.3 % 10.5 % 10.0 % 9.7 % 8.9 % 8.3 % 7.4 % 6.6 % 3.6 % 3.3 % 50.4 %

DE NL UK IT ES FR PL BE FI AT

37.2 28.7 26.6 13.1 9.5 9.2 6.4 3.8 3.6 3.1 115.0

23.3 % 17.9 % 16.6 % 8.2 % 6.0 % 5.8 % 4.0 % 2.4 % 2.3 % 1.9 % 72.0 %

116.3

100.0 %

159.8

100.0 %

12.6 11.1 10.9 9.5 9.4 8.9 8.1 7.6 3.8 3.7 53.4

11.9 % 10.4 % 10.3 % 9.0 % 8.9 % 8.4 % 7.6 % 7.2 % 3.6 % 3.5 % 50.5 %

34.7 28.3 25.9 12.3 9.4 8.5 6.2 3.4 3.4 2.6 110.5

23.0 % 18.8 % 17.2 % 8.2 % 6.2 % 5.6 % 4.1 % 2.3 % 2.2 % 1.7 % 73.3 %

105.9

100.0 %

150.7

100.0 %

MS

Imports

Solid Fuels 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

IT DE NL UK BE FR ES DK SK PT

Total EU-28 Of which: Hard Coal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total Total EU-28

IT NL UK DE BE FR ES DK PT FI

2014 EU-28 Share

Top 10 Ranking

DE NL UK IT ES FR PL BE FI SK

EU-28 Share


47



BY MEMBER STATE – TOP 14 IMPORTERS 1990-2014 (Mtoe)

DE

NL

UK

IT

ES

FR 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014

PL

BE

FI

AT

SK

CZ

PT

DK 0

10


48

20

30

40



BY MEMBER STATE – LEAST 14 IMPORTERS 1990-2014 (Mtoe)

SE

IE

HU

RO

BG

HR 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014

SI

LT

EL

EE

LU

LV

CY

MT 0

1

2

3

4

5


49


2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products TOTAL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 801.2 100 %

2000 868.0 108 %

2005 954.9 119 %

2010 914.7 114 %

2013 894.2 112 %

2014 882.4 110 %

44.53 7.96 8.89 10.32 146.77 1.17 6.80 21.43 67.52 102.35 4.49 106.72 2.03 2.14 5.32 1.78 7.59 0.84 90.27 11.02 15.42 17.96 11.18 2.35 5.11 12.65 26.90 59.68

52.79 5.97 8.60 9.88 147.99 0.93 9.56 23.81 78.17 114.09 4.19 109.37 2.53 1.35 5.41 2.39 7.09 1.46 104.34 12.29 20.98 17.48 6.30 2.69 6.01 15.33 27.93 69.14

58.21 7.55 10.90 8.69 147.38 1.16 10.14 26.44 87.72 122.96 5.50 108.86 2.79 2.28 9.61 3.16 8.79 1.63 125.74 15.39 24.46 19.55 9.88 2.85 6.92 15.75 27.30 83.34

56.35 7.60 10.61 9.38 128.40 1.16 9.17 27.21 80.31 106.18 4.94 97.87 2.91 1.94 10.22 2.86 8.33 2.38 146.44 13.70 28.68 15.30 8.46 3.28 6.69 16.06 27.94 80.36

56.65 8.16 10.03 12.43 127.87 1.68 8.12 26.99 77.88 98.86 4.05 79.00 2.31 2.35 10.85 2.80 7.65 2.28 145.92 13.68 27.70 16.11 7.89 3.30 7.12 18.30 23.87 90.40

58.36 7.91 10.86 11.98 126.65 1.89 7.87 29.58 78.99 97.05 3.93 72.33 2.27 2.36 9.43 2.69 8.69 2.24 140.67 13.40 28.39 15.20 9.39 3.76 6.67 17.85 26.86 85.11

IMPORTS – PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 1 500 1 000 500 EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


50


2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products

CRUDE AND NGL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 565.5 100 %

2000 609.9 108 %

2005 635.8 112 %

2010 573.3 101 %

2013 540.7 96 %

2014 532.6 94 %

26.18 7.39 7.06 5.43 102.37 0.00 2.27 15.51 55.34 78.65 4.23 73.82 0.80 0.00 3.10 0.00 5.89 0.00 60.91 7.56 11.95 13.04 8.31 0.49 5.09 8.67 19.50 41.91

34.04 5.18 5.68 3.77 104.69 0.00 2.98 19.60 57.70 86.84 3.95 83.27 1.16 0.00 4.86 0.00 5.88 0.00 60.61 7.28 17.48 11.63 4.76 0.13 5.74 11.56 21.97 49.11

31.77 5.84 7.70 2.71 111.74 0.00 3.16 18.92 59.94 85.43 4.02 89.91 0.00 0.00 9.05 0.00 6.25 0.00 62.34 7.88 17.75 13.46 8.86 0.00 5.46 10.57 19.49 53.57

33.11 5.37 7.83 2.69 92.31 0.00 3.08 20.54 52.69 65.13 3.56 79.59 0.00 0.00 9.16 0.00 5.66 0.00 60.37 6.70 22.49 11.39 6.11 0.00 5.33 11.21 19.62 49.42

27.91 5.50 6.67 4.68 89.62 0.00 2.93 19.58 57.98 56.79 2.49 59.38 0.00 0.00 9.09 0.00 5.37 0.00 55.33 7.80 23.04 12.45 5.44 0.00 5.75 12.13 16.37 54.39

32.57 4.95 7.51 3.44 88.75 0.00 2.70 21.19 58.81 55.05 1.87 54.90 0.00 0.00 7.57 0.00 6.02 0.00 52.53 7.67 23.24 10.73 6.92 0.00 5.37 12.07 18.61 50.10

IMPORTS – PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS – CRUDE AND NGL – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 700 600 500 400 300

EU-28

200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


51


2.2.2 Imports – Petroleum and Products RANKING Mtoe and %

1995

2014 EU-28 Share

MS

Imports

146.8 106.7 102.3 90.3 67.5 59.7 44.5 26.9 21.4 18.0 513.6

18.3 % 13.3 % 12.8 % 11.3 % 8.4 % 7.4 % 5.6 % 3.4 % 2.7 % 2.2 % 64.1 %

NL DE FR UK ES IT BE EL PL SE

140.7 126.7 97.0 85.1 79.0 72.3 58.4 29.6 28.4 26.9 528.5

15.9 % 14.4 % 11.0 % 9.6 % 9.0 % 8.2 % 6.6 % 3.4 % 3.2 % 3.0 % 59.9 %

Total

801.2

100.0 %

882.4

100.0 %

Of which: Crude and NGL 1 DE 2 FR 3 IT 4 NL 5 ES 6 UK 7 BE 8 SE 9 EL 10 PT Top 5 Total

102.4 78.7 73.8 60.9 55.3 41.9 26.2 19.5 15.5 13.0 371.1

18.1 % 13.9 % 13.1 % 10.8 % 9.8 % 7.4 % 4.6 % 3.4 % 2.7 % 2.3 % 65.6 %

88.7 58.8 55.0 54.9 52.5 50.1 32.6 23.2 21.2 18.6 310.0

16.7 % 11.0 % 10.3 % 10.3 % 9.9 % 9.4 % 6.1 % 4.4 % 4.0 % 3.5 % 58.2 %

Total

565.5

100.0 %

532.6

100.0 %

Top 10 Ranking

MS

Imports

Petroleum and Products 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Top 5 Total

DE IT FR NL ES UK BE SE EL PT


52

DE ES FR IT NL UK BE PL EL SE

EU-28 Share




NL

DE

FR

UK

ES

IT 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014

BE

EL

PL

SE

FI

PT

AT

DK 0

50

100

150

200


53




CZ

LT

RO

HU

BG

IE 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014

SK

HR

SI

LU

LV

CY

MT

EE 0

5


54

10

15

20


2.2.3 Imports – Gases TOTAL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 180.18 100 %

2000 242.43 135 %

2005 323.75 180 %

2010 365.91 203 %

2013 344.89 191 %

2014 320.25 178 %

10.42 4.56 6.43 0.00 55.32 0.58 0.09 0.00 7.52 28.11 0.22 28.56 0.00 1.00 2.03 0.56 5.53 0.00 2.76 5.47 5.84 0.00 4.79 0.75 4.53 2.84 0.76 1.51

13.28 2.74 7.48 0.00 61.09 0.66 2.48 1.69 15.47 36.46 0.91 47.05 0.00 1.11 2.07 0.67 7.35 0.00 12.48 5.32 6.64 2.04 2.71 0.82 5.71 3.43 0.78 2.01

14.82 2.46 7.60 0.00 78.90 0.80 3.01 2.33 30.25 41.62 0.93 60.16 0.00 1.43 2.49 1.18 9.81 0.00 16.44 8.03 8.57 3.89 4.19 0.93 6.05 3.61 0.84 13.42

19.55 2.13 6.98 0.14 78.80 0.56 4.48 3.23 31.96 42.11 0.87 61.72 0.00 0.90 2.49 1.20 7.91 0.00 18.45 10.19 8.91 4.51 1.82 0.86 5.00 3.84 1.47 45.86

15.26 2.23 6.97 1.20 81.95 0.56 3.71 3.24 30.88 42.52 1.03 50.75 0.00 1.39 2.17 0.89 6.77 0.00 19.35 8.53 10.27 3.81 1.17 0.69 4.36 2.86 0.96 41.41

13.47 2.22 5.95 0.56 75.34 0.44 3.59 2.47 31.66 40.14 0.94 45.67 0.00 0.78 2.14 0.84 7.44 0.00 20.87 8.31 9.71 3.48 0.47 0.62 3.96 2.51 0.79 35.89

IMPORTS – GASES – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 400 300 200

EU-28

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


55


2.2.3 Imports – Gases RANKING Mtoe and %

1995 MS

Imports

55.3 28.6 28.1 10.4 7.5 6.4 5.8 5.5 5.5 4.8 4.6 4.5 2.8 2.8 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 129.9

30.7 % 15.9 % 15.6 % 5.8 % 4.2 % 3.6 % 3.2 % 3.1 % 3.0 % 2.7 % 2.5 % 2.5 % 1.6 % 1.5 % 1.1 % 0.8 % 0.6 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 72.1 %

DE IT UK FR ES NL BE AT PL HU CZ SK PT IE EL FI LT BG HR LU LV SE DK SI RO EE CY MT

75.3 45.7 35.9 40.1 31.7 20.9 13.5 8.3 9.7 7.4 6.0 4.0 3.5 3.6 2.5 2.5 2.1 2.2 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 228.7

23.5 % 14.3 % 11.2 % 12.5 % 9.9 % 6.5 % 4.2 % 2.6 % 3.0 % 2.3 % 1.9 % 1.2 % 1.1 % 1.1 % 0.8 % 0.8 % 0.7 % 0.7 % 0.3 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 71.4 %

180.2

100.0 %

320.3

100.0 %

MS

Imports

Gases 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Top 5 Total

DE IT FR BE ES CZ PL HU AT RO BG SK FI NL LT UK LV SE SI EE LU HR IE DK EL CY MT PT

Total


56

2014 EU-28 Share

EU-28 Ranking

EU-28 Share


2.2.3 Imports – Gases


DE

IT

UK

FR

ES

NL 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014

BE

AT

PL

HU

CZ

SK

PT

IE 0

25

50

75

100


57


2.2.3 Imports – Gases


EL

FI

LT

RO

BG 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014

LV

HR

LU

SE

DK

SI

EE

CY

MT 0

1

2

3


58

4

5

6

7


2.2.4 Imports – Electricity TOTAL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 17.0 100 %

2000 22.9 135 %

2005 28.8 170 %

2010 25.7 151 %

2013 30.1 177 %

2014 33.3 196 %

0.81 0.17 0.58 0.35 3.42 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.66 0.25 0.38 3.32 0.00 0.23 0.45 0.49 0.28 0.00 1.03 0.63 0.38 0.23 0.07 0.06 0.30 0.73 0.66 1.41

1.00 0.08 0.75 0.72 3.88 0.03 0.02 0.15 1.06 0.32 0.38 3.86 0.00 0.18 0.44 0.55 0.82 0.00 1.97 1.19 0.28 0.40 0.07 0.36 0.51 1.05 1.57 1.23

1.23 0.07 1.06 1.11 4.89 0.03 0.18 0.48 0.88 0.69 0.75 4.32 0.00 0.25 0.49 0.55 1.35 0.00 2.04 1.75 0.43 0.83 0.20 0.80 0.69 1.54 1.25 0.96

1.07 0.10 0.57 0.91 3.69 0.10 0.07 0.73 0.45 1.68 1.07 3.95 0.00 0.34 0.70 0.63 0.85 0.00 1.34 1.71 0.54 0.50 0.07 0.74 0.63 1.35 1.28 0.61

1.48 0.29 0.91 0.99 3.37 0.23 0.23 0.50 0.85 1.01 0.97 3.81 0.00 0.43 0.69 0.59 1.43 0.00 2.86 2.15 0.67 0.70 0.24 0.65 0.92 1.51 1.09 1.51

1.87 0.37 1.02 1.09 3.48 0.32 0.25 0.81 1.06 0.68 0.94 4.02 0.00 0.46 0.73 0.60 1.64 0.00 2.83 2.30 1.16 0.62 0.24 0.62 1.12 1.86 1.19 2.00

IMPORTS – ELECTRICITY – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 40 30 EU-28

20 10

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


59


2.2.4 Imports – Electricity RANKING Mtoe and %

1995 MS

Imports

3.4 3.3 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.0

20.1 % 19.6 % 8.3 % 6.1 % 4.8 % 4.3 % 3.9 % 3.9 % 3.7 % 3.4 % 2.9 % 2.7 % 2.2 % 2.2 % 2.0 % 1.7 % 1.6 % 1.4 % 1.3 % 1.3 % 1.0 % 0.7 % 0.4 % 0.4 % 0.1 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 58.7 %

IT DE NL AT UK BE FI HU SE PL SK DK ES CZ HR EL LT FR SI PT LU LV BG EE IE RO CY MT

4.0 3.5 2.8 2.3 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 14.6

12.1 % 10.5 % 8.5 % 6.9 % 6.0 % 5.6 % 5.6 % 4.9 % 3.6 % 3.5 % 3.4 % 3.3 % 3.2 % 3.1 % 2.8 % 2.4 % 2.2 % 2.0 % 1.9 % 1.9 % 1.8 % 1.4 % 1.1 % 1.0 % 0.7 % 0.7 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 43.9 %

17.0

100.0 %

33.3

100.0 %

MS

Imports

Electricity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Top 5 Total

DE IT UK NL BE FI SE ES AT CZ LU LT HR PL DK SK HU FR LV PT BG EL RO SI EE IE CY MT

Total


60

2014 EU-28 Share

EU-28 Ranking

EU-28 Share


2.2.4 Imports – Electricity

BY MEMBER STATE – TOP 14 IMPORTERS 1990-2014 (Mtoe) IT

DE

NL

AT

UK

BE 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014

FI

HU

SE

PL

SK

DK

ES

CZ 0

1

2

3

4

5

6


61


2.2.4 Imports – Electricity


HR

EL

LT

FR

SI

PT 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014

LU

LV

BG

EE

IE

RO

CY

MT 0

0.5


62

1.0

1.5

2.0


2.2.5 Imports by Country of Origin

EU-28 – HARD COAL TOP 15 EXTRA-EU – (ORDERED BY 2014 VOLUME) kton Russia Colombia United States South Africa Australia Indonesia Not specified Canada Ukraine Norway Kazakhstan Mozambique Chile Venezuela China (except Hong Kong) Other extra-EU kton Extra-EU

1995 8 800 11 181 41 140 32 108 19 551 3 411 6 604 4 237 348 329 262 0 0 2 822 2 446 421

2000 14 971 22 763 20 665 41 923 28 608 9 102 5 229 6 378 2 058 928 0 107 0 3 621 1 853 606

2005 48 784 24 253 15 737 51 988 27 120 14 949 3 359 6 642 4 229 1 124 932 0 0 2 003 587 258

2010 48 674 36 144 30 519 17 622 19 251 10 158 7 594 3 637 3 178 1 385 332 0 0 685 61 158

2013 65 932 50 756 49 975 15 581 17 292 7 199 10 677 4 094 3 173 1 288 563 654 0 539 69 10

2014 65 733 48 336 47 024 22 669 14 305 7 920 6 852 5 730 3 181 1 517 860 728 435 284 124 66

133 660 158 812 201 965 179 398 227 802 225 764

Intra-EU

30 115

Total Intra-EU and Extra-EU

31 206

26 519

21 870

19 128

16 822

163 775 190 018 228 484 201 268 246 930 242 586

EU-28 – HARD COAL – TOP 5 IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU (1990-2014) Volume (kton) 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Russia South Africa

Colombia Australia

United States


63



EU-28 – CRUDE OIL AND NGL TOP 15 EXTRA-EU – (ORDERED BY 2014 VOLUME) kton Russia Norway Nigeria Saudi Arabia Kazakhstan Algeria Iraq Azerbaijan Libya Angola Mexico Colombia Venezuela Egypt Other African countries Other extra-EU kton

1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 76 349 120 165 191 504 182 879 168 752 150 984 102 382 115 861 97 606 73 406 61 198 67 131 28 633 22 530 18 617 21 783 40 563 45 170 82 630 65 089 60 740 30 759 43 263 44 218 78 9 993 26 386 29 701 29 467 32 620 17 051 21 434 22 776 8 252 22 322 22 915 0 31 317 12 290 16 945 18 427 22 836 0 3 712 7 255 22 922 23 706 21 940 47 978 45 883 50 681 53 751 28 286 16 828 4 758 3 861 7 065 8 479 14 675 16 486 7 247 9 770 10 647 6 782 9 306 10 851 0 0 0 720 5 116 7 358 9 929 6 944 6 988 5 001 5 224 6 183 6 950 5 579 1 716 4 654 5 358 5 975 143 3 035 4 789 4 759 4 264 5 162 126 365 77 812 65 421 60 298 26 584 25 085

Extra-EU

510 493 542 985 584 481 531 091 506 511 501 742

Intra-EU

50 375


62 254

48 269

39 612

30 682

30 055

560 868 605 239 632 750 570 703 537 193 531 797

Mio barrels Extra-EU

3 743

3 981

4 285

3 894

3 713

Intra-EU

369

456

354

290

225

220

4 112

4 437

4 639

4 184

3 938

3 899


3 678

EU-28 – CRUDE OIL AND NGL – TOP 5 IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU (1990-2014) Volume (kton) 240 000 200 000 160 000 120 000 80 000 40 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Russia Kazakhstan

Norway


64

Nigeria

Saudi Arabia



EU-28 – NATURAL GAS TOP 8 EXTRA EU SUPPLIERS – (ORDERED BY 2014 VOLUME) TJ (GCV) 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Russia 4 245 121 4 582 197 5 207 606 4 555 386 5 202 213 4 422 487 Norway 1 159 830 1 921 081 3 040 188 3 905 622 3 784 060 3 732 235 Algeria 1 362 649 2 203 075 2 256 826 1 986 974 1 620 307 1 451 547 Qatar 0 12 443 195 713 1 383 263 834 080 808 562 Not specified 61 134 334 765 937 105 957 962 543 737 764 719 Libya 54 497 33 442 209 499 381 660 217 361 248 145 Nigeria 0 172 020 436 319 576 236 224 554 179 014 Trinidad & Tobago 0 36 334 29 673 206 167 94 605 109 001 Other Extra-EU 47 267 49 082 475 679 235 075 112 558 81 174 Extra-EU

6 930 498 9 344 439 12 788 608 14 188 345 12 633 475 11 796 884

Intra-EU 1 451 229 1 933 316 2 272 283 2 833 535 3 410 614 3 101 306 Total Intra-EU 8 381 727 11 277 755 15 060 891 17 021 880 16 044 089 14 898 190 and Extra-EU 3 Mio m Russia 112 079 120 699 136 250 119 647 135 159 115 160 Norway 28 929 47 813 79 189 100 801 98 119 96 646 Algeria 33 698 55 607 57 075 50 360 40 667 36 228 Qatar 0 309 4 859 34 834 21 189 20 760 Not specified 1 473 8 126 23 826 24 088 13 840 19 655 Libya 1 353 830 5 445 9 980 5 705 6 513 Nigeria 0 4 385 10 586 14 022 5 543 4 425 Trinidad & Tobago 0 902 751 5 142 2 360 2 732 Other Extra-EU 1 184 1 272 11 962 5 856 2 827 2 034 Extra-EU Intra-EU Total Intra-EU and Extra-EU

178 716

239 943

329 943

364 730

325 409

304 153

41 164

54 116

59 648

74 366

88 512

80 761

219 880

294 059

389 591

439 096

413 921

384 914

EU-28 – NATURAL GAS – TOP 5 IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU (1990-2014) Volume (Mio m³) 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Russia

Norway

Algeria

Qatar


65


2.3 Energy Import Dependency 2.3.1 Import Dependency – All Fuels * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 43.1 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 80.8 BG 55.9 CZ 20.6 DK 33.4 DE 56.8 EE 32.3 IE 69.5 EL 66.7 ES 71.7 FR 48.0 HR 36.1 IT 81.9 CY 100.5 LV 70.4 LT 63.1 LU 97.7 HU 47.9 MT 104.8 NL 20.0 AT 66.4 PL -1.2 PT 85.3 RO 30.3 SI 50.9 SK 68.5 FI 53.6 SE 38.9 UK -16.4

2000 46.7 108.3

2005 52.2 121.1

2010 52.6 122.2

2013 53.1 123.3

2014 53.5 124.1

78.1 46.0 22.9 -35.0 59.4 32.2 84.8 69.5 76.6 51.5 48.4 86.5 98.6 61.0 59.4 99.6 55.2 100.3 38.1 65.4 9.9 85.1 21.8 52.8 65.6 55.1 40.7 -16.9

80.1 46.7 28.0 -49.8 60.4 26.1 89.6 68.6 81.4 51.6 52.5 83.4 100.7 63.9 56.8 97.4 63.1 100.0 38.0 71.6 17.2 88.6 27.6 52.5 65.3 54.2 36.8 13.4

77.9 39.6 25.6 -15.7 60.1 13.6 86.6 69.2 76.7 49.1 46.6 82.6 100.8 45.5 81.8 97.1 58.2 99.0 30.3 62.8 31.3 75.1 21.9 48.6 63.1 47.8 36.6 28.4

77.4 37.7 27.9 13.3 62.6 11.9 89.3 62.2 70.4 48.0 47.0 76.8 96.4 55.8 78.3 97.0 52.1 104.1 26.1 61.6 25.6 72.9 18.5 46.9 59.2 48.5 31.6 46.4

80.1 34.5 30.4 12.8 61.6 8.9 85.3 66.2 72.9 46.1 43.8 75.9 93.4 40.6 77.9 96.6 61.7 97.7 33.8 65.9 28.6 71.6 17.0 44.6 60.9 48.8 32.1 45.5

* Negative Rate Indicates a Net Exporter. Values Over 100 % Indicate Stocks Build Up. Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

66


2.3.2 Import Dependency – By Fuel

EU-28 – IMPORTS FROM EXTRA-EU – 1990-2014 (%)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

All Fuels Natural Gas

Solid Fuels

Hard Coal

Crude and NGL


67


2.3.3 Import Dependency – Solid Fuels * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 21.5 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 108.9 BG 31.8 CZ -25.5 DK 117.9 DE 11.2 EE 8.4 IE 64.9 EL 11.0 ES 45.4 FR 56.8 HR 85.7 IT 105.9 CY 100.0 LV 61.6 LT 64.4 LU 100.0 HU 29.5 MT NL 97.9 AT 75.7 PL -30.2 PT 105.8 RO 26.5 SI 13.6 SK 76.7 FI 63.4 SE 95.4 UK 22.2

2000 30.6 142.6

2005 39.4 183.6

2010 39.5 183.9

2013 44.1 205.5

2014 45.6 212.6

91.3 35.1 -21.8 94.9 25.5 9.1 64.6 8.5 61.3 86.4 111.1 104.6 100.0 46.2 87.0 100.0 28.2

101.3 37.0 -16.1 94.4 31.7 0.8 70.8 4.1 70.1 94.5 91.4 99.4 119.4 93.9 94.6 100.0 42.9

97.9 24.7 -16.2 69.4 40.1 -0.6 49.1 5.1 85.5 101.0 102.3 101.0 64.7 102.8 92.0 100.0 41.9

95.3 16.4 -11.6 90.7 44.5 -0.1 72.5 3.2 70.5 93.4 110.1 96.1 87.7 99.6 100.0 26.9

102.3 14.5 -5.0 105.2 44.8 0.2 60.0 2.9 77.1 98.6 92.4 98.7 150.0 76.7 89.4 100.0 28.1

102.0 83.9 -29.1 102.9 25.6 18.7 80.2 69.1 98.3 39.6

101.5 99.6 -23.9 96.3 33.4 21.0 88.4 67.7 97.2 72.1

121.7 99.9 -5.2 98.3 17.6 19.2 75.7 57.6 102.2 52.2

111.5 94.5 -10.4 95.4 18.9 19.5 80.6 65.3 82.4 82.1

108.9 100.6 -8.7 96.9 17.4 22.9 83.3 80.4 94.7 87.4


68


2.3.4 Import Dependency – Hard Coal * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 29.7 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 108.5 BG 73.0 CZ -34.2 DK 118.0 DE 17.1 EE 101.9 IE 105.9 EL 95.2 ES 48.5 FR 58.0 HR 73.9 IT 105.6 CY 100.0 LV 93.6 LT 69.1 LU 100.0 HU 103.5 MT NL 97.4 AT 88.3 PL -31.7 PT 105.9 RO 81.7 SI 100.0 SK 92.9 FI 89.0 SE 101.6 UK 21.8

2000 42.6 143.2

2005 55.7 187.4

2010 57.9 194.8

2013 64.5 217.1

2014 67.9 228.6

90.4 100.5 -56.1 94.7 39.2 116.4 93.2 105.9 66.8 87.3 112.9 105.7 100.0 81.8 100.0 100.0 99.0

100.9 94.7 -49.4 94.3 57.5 97.2 100.8 112.5 74.4 92.9 90.5 99.7 119.4 97.3 102.6 100.0 105.1

100.2 88.3 -58.0 69.3 73.7 117.9 79.3 100.3 85.4 100.6 102.7 101.5 64.7 106.7 95.3 100.0 99.5

93.7 89.0 -40.6 90.6 86.0 95.0 111.2 110.2 70.5 91.9 110.7 95.3 91.4 108.5 100.0 98.8

103.9 73.9 -21.3 105.1 86.5 103.9 96.7 109.8 76.8 97.5 92.3 99.0 150.0 78.0 97.3 100.0 101.0

101.5 91.6 -29.9 103.4 96.0 100.5 103.8 97.7 107.7 39.4

100.3 107.1 -21.3 96.3 102.2 93.8 105.2 102.6 104.3 71.5

122.3 97.5 3.7 98.2 100.9 100.9 91.9 85.5 115.2 52.4

113.3 91.5 -1.8 95.5 100.4 97.0 98.4 87.1 89.4 81.7

109.3 101.0 1.0 96.9 87.0 112.6 98.5 118.5 103.9 86.8


69


2.3.5 Import Dependency – Petroleum and Products * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 74.1 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 99.6 BG 99.6 CZ 98.0 DK 11.0 DE 95.8 EE 80.2 IE 100.1 EL 98.4 ES 101.5 FR 96.9 HR 55.6 IT 93.3 CY 102.6 LV 102.6 LT 114.5 LU 98.2 HU 71.0 MT 104.8 NL 86.1 AT 89.3 PL 95.9 PT 100.6 RO 48.6 SI 97.8 SK 100.6 FI 94.6 SE 95.6 UK -57.4

2000 75.7 102.1

2005 82.1 110.8

2010 84.5 114.0

2013 87.4 117.9

2014 87.4 118.0

100.2 95.4 95.3 -80.8 94.6 77.4 98.8 100.2 101.0 99.5 61.0 96.1 100.3 94.8 100.4 102.1 76.0 100.3 97.3 89.1 98.7 99.4 34.2 101.5 90.5 103.5 100.8 -54.9

100.8 102.2 97.5 -102.7 97.0 70.8 100.0 97.7 101.2 99.3 79.4 91.8 102.3 102.2 91.9 99.4 81.2 100.1 96.1 91.6 97.5 102.3 38.5 101.2 88.2 98.4 104.0 -3.2

101.4 101.1 96.5 -43.4 95.9 57.5 97.2 98.6 99.9 97.7 80.4 93.5 104.2 94.4 98.7 99.4 85.1 99.3 94.1 89.9 97.0 97.5 51.9 99.2 89.5 89.4 93.6 14.6

102.0 103.9 96.4 -12.0 96.1 60.0 100.2 94.6 97.4 99.0 77.1 90.7 100.9 100.3 93.2 100.3 85.0 104.6 95.6 92.5 91.3 96.3 46.8 97.3 89.9 104.4 101.4 40.2

101.1 97.9 97.6 -6.4 95.2 51.6 97.6 99.8 101.7 98.5 74.0 88.6 98.1 92.4 93.0 100.5 88.0 98.3 92.4 92.0 93.1 96.6 53.2 97.7 91.0 94.8 101.7 42.2


70


2.3.6 Import Dependency – Crude and NGL * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 73.0 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 99.8 BG 99.7 CZ 100.2 DK 6.3 DE 96.9 EE IE 100.2 EL 98.8 ES 99.1 FR 95.8 HR 69.2 IT 92.8 CY 96.3 LV LT 99.5 LU HU 71.9 MT NL 94.2 AT 87.6 PL 97.1 PT 100.0 RO 54.9 SI 95.9 SK 101.5 FI 94.1 SE 99.3 UK -47.7

2000 74.4 101.9

2005 81.3 111.3

2010 84.6 115.9

2013 88.0 120.5

2014 87.9 120.4

100.2 98.7 95.2 -120.5 93.8

99.5 97.7 99.3 -141.3 97.3

99.9 99.1 97.6 -68.8 97.0

100.1 100.3 98.0 -20.9 97.8

100.1 99.0 98.2 -19.4 97.7

89.8 99.5 100.6 98.5 72.1 95.1 98.5

98.8 95.2 100.1 98.2 78.9 94.0

101.6 99.5 99.3 98.2 82.2 94.5

103.4 97.1 99.5 99.6 81.1 92.3

98.1 100.4 100.0 98.0 75.6 90.7

94.5

95.3

99.0

98.7

98.8

78.6

81.2

85.2

85.5

89.2

96.7 86.9 99.1 99.0 43.5 87.5 97.6 101.5 100.6 -48.0

96.7 88.5 97.3 100.2 61.3

97.6 86.2 98.4 98.8 56.5

96.9 90.5 94.8 102.5 55.1

94.4 89.6 96.5 97.7 63.8

97.7 97.5 100.4 -0.2

99.9 101.1 99.0 13.2

101.0 100.7 101.7 33.8

101.1 99.3 99.4 32.3


71


2.3.7 Import Dependency – Natural Gas * (%)

Imports from Extra-EU 1995 EU-28 43.4 Index 1995 100.0 Intra and Extra-EU Imports BE 98.2 BG 99.5 CZ 98.0 DK -47.2 DE 78.6 EE 100.0 IE 3.6 EL 0.0 ES 97.4 FR 93.0 HR 11.6 IT 63.9 CY LV 98.9 LT 100.0 LU 100.0 HU 60.3 MT NL -76.4 AT 84.8 PL 64.6 PT RO 24.9 SI 100.5 SK 86.8 FI 100.0 SE 100.0 UK 1.0

2000 48.9 112.7

2005 57.1 131.6

2010 62.2 143.4

2013 65.2 150.4

2014 67.4 155.4

99.3 93.6 99.8 -64.8 79.1 100.0 72.1 99.1 101.6 100.0 41.0 81.1

100.6 87.7 97.8 -113.9 79.6 100.0 86.7 99.1 101.4 99.3 23.7 84.7

98.8 92.7 84.8 -68.3 81.2 100.0 95.5 99.9 99.4 93.0 18.1 90.5

100.5 92.8 100.2 -23.3 86.9 100.0 96.8 100.0 98.6 97.4 31.9 88.1

101.2 94.0 96.3 -46.7 89.8 100.0 96.5 99.3 103.5 103.6 28.6 89.7

101.9 100.0 100.0 75.4

105.6 100.7 100.0 81.1

61.8 99.7 100.0 78.7

115.5 100.0 99.6 71.2

72.1 103.8 99.5 97.7

-49.1 80.6 66.3 100.2 19.8 99.3 98.8 100.0 100.0 -10.7

-59.3 87.7 69.7 103.8 30.1 99.6 97.5 100.0 100.0 7.0

-61.6 75.3 69.3 100.4 16.8 99.3 99.9 100.0 100.0 37.9

-85.4 74.7 74.2 101.5 11.8 99.6 95.3 99.9 100.0 50.1

-73.1 96.8 72.0 100.1 5.0 99.5 104.8 99.9 100.0 45.0


72


2.4 Energy Transformation 2.4.1 Transformation Input – All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 397.1 100 %

2000 1 434.1 103 %

2005 1 503.0 108 %

2010 1 397.3 100 %

2013 1 303.9 93 %

2014 1 277.2 91 %


51.36 23.49 33.11 19.19 268.82 3.70 6.30 27.08 94.09 198.86 6.50 141.98 1.48 1.49 8.46 0.28 20.05 0.45 82.51 15.90 68.92 19.53 36.90 3.30 14.26 25.67 45.28 178.14

61.54 18.20 30.61 16.81 264.63 3.41 8.33 34.06 106.42 218.10 6.64 150.89 2.07 1.09 8.85 0.10 18.95 0.49 83.04 15.20 69.51 19.52 26.90 2.78 15.55 28.34 44.24 177.78

60.49 20.19 35.46 15.38 276.12 3.89 8.06 33.95 114.63 228.61 6.81 165.68 1.08 1.06 13.94 0.58 18.77 0.73 85.40 17.39 69.89 21.87 29.77 3.12 16.64 29.35 46.58 177.62

58.46 18.85 35.03 15.68 250.75 4.68 7.65 33.57 102.18 206.72 5.68 149.47 1.18 1.16 11.29 0.56 19.37 0.58 85.84 16.76 75.97 17.94 23.88 3.08 15.01 33.50 45.86 156.66

52.03 18.19 33.33 14.04 240.18 5.08 6.77 34.26 102.25 188.64 4.78 120.41 0.88 1.18 11.11 0.34 16.68 0.51 79.49 16.54 76.83 20.10 21.66 2.89 15.47 32.52 43.08 144.69

52.08 18.79 33.89 12.72 235.46 4.62 6.59 36.85 102.13 187.35 4.14 114.24 0.90 1.12 9.41 0.36 16.73 0.50 81.78 16.00 74.66 18.69 23.06 2.84 14.42 30.91 44.61 132.34

TRANSFORMATION INPUT – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28

500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


73


2.4.2 Transformation Input – By Fuel Petroleum and Products

Gases

Nuclear

Renewables

Wastes non-RES


Solid Fuels


Total, All Products

2014

1 277.2 100.0 %

253.2 19.8 %

628.0 49.2 %

102.2 8.0 %

226.1 17.7 %

57.1 4.5 %

9.3 0.7 %

52.08 18.79 33.89 12.72 235.46 4.62 6.59 36.85 102.13 187.35 4.14 114.24 0.90 1.12 9.41 0.36 16.73 0.50 81.78 16.00 74.66 18.69 23.06 2.84 14.42 30.91 44.61 132.34

2.48 7.34 15.10 2.44 78.55 3.90 1.60 6.48 12.11 6.99 0.54 12.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 2.58 0.00 8.90 2.68 44.19 2.67 5.06 1.00 2.99 4.56 1.73 27.29

35.53 6.37 8.01 6.99 100.44 0.02 2.82 28.99 63.89 59.74 3.07 71.91 0.89 0.00 8.18 0.00 7.82 0.50 59.05 8.97 25.30 13.18 12.25 0.01 6.00 14.72 20.35 62.97

3.63 0.91 1.78 0.86 16.19 0.34 2.02 1.28 7.31 3.71 0.47 18.63 0.00 0.72 0.66 0.30 1.53 0.00 9.96 1.92 2.67 1.79 2.55 0.10 0.89 1.76 0.37 19.87

8.69 4.11 7.84 0.00 25.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.78 112.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.05 0.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.01 1.64 4.04 6.08 16.74 16.44

1.05 0.05 1.10 2.02 11.95 0.32 0.13 0.08 3.84 2.95 0.06 10.81 0.01 0.39 0.48 0.04 0.69 0.00 1.64 2.03 2.45 0.97 0.18 0.07 0.49 3.54 4.67 5.13

0.49 0.00 0.05 0.39 3.28 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.20 1.12 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.78 0.40 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.18 0.60 0.62


74


2.4.3 Transformation Input – By Sector


Total, All Sectors

Conventional Thermal Power Stations

Nuclear Power Stations

District Heating Plants

Refineries, Petroleum and sub-products

Other Transformation Input Industry

2014

1.277.2 100.0%

357.0 28.0%

226.1 17.7%

19.5 1.5%

613.2 48.0%

61.4 4.8%


52.08 18.79 33.89 12.72 235.46 4.62 6.59 36.85 102.13 187.35 4.14 114.24 0.90 1.12 9.41 0.36 16.73 0.50 81.78 16.00 74.66 18.69 23.06 2.84 14.42 30.91 44.61 132.34

5.88 7.06 13.75 4.91 90.87 3.19 3.67 8.98 24.36 9.42 0.96 44.09 0.90 0.88 0.80 0.35 3.28 0.50 19.14 4.00 36.18 5.49 7.24 1.15 2.04 7.24 5.06 45.64

8.69 4.11 7.84 0.00 25.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.78 112.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.05 0.00 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.01 1.64 4.04 6.08 16.74 16.44

0.02 0.19 0.62 0.92 3.88 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.55 0.07 0.12 0.00 0.22 0.47 0.01 0.56 0.00 0.67 1.01 2.82 0.00 0.50 0.05 0.29 1.48 1.20 2.51

35.52 6.18 7.99 6.87 99.13 0.00 2.76 27.87 60.96 59.18 3.03 67.72 0.00 0.00 8.15 0.00 7.80 0.00 57.85 8.92 25.17 12.93 11.98 0.00 5.83 14.53 20.23 62.58

1.98 1.26 3.69 0.02 16.52 1.11 0.16 0.01 2.04 4.60 0.08 2.32 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 1.04 0.00 3.08 2.07 10.50 0.27 0.32 0.00 2.22 1.57 1.37 5.16


75


2.4.4 Transformation Output – All Fuels Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 026.4 100 %

2000 1 056.4 103 %

2005 1 103.3 107 %

2010 1 022.2 100 %

2013 947.6 92 %

2014 932.2 91 %


39.85 15.81 21.85 15.83 190.24 1.70 3.91 21.19 71.54 127.11 6.00 114.66 1.05 1.19 6.04 0.18 14.19 0.14 73.73 13.45 46.70 16.15 28.82 1.65 9.96 19.83 32.79 130.84

49.65 11.40 19.56 14.01 188.46 1.52 5.41 26.84 79.39 140.68 6.00 119.80 1.47 0.87 7.11 0.04 13.35 0.17 74.23 13.36 47.97 15.79 20.70 1.24 11.03 22.42 33.76 130.20

48.44 12.61 22.47 13.32 199.84 1.66 5.36 26.24 85.48 142.62 6.06 133.23 0.38 0.88 11.81 0.35 13.42 0.19 75.68 14.97 48.42 17.69 23.79 1.24 12.17 23.21 33.26 128.51

46.39 11.58 21.81 13.47 177.68 1.91 5.21 26.69 78.39 123.19 5.09 120.58 0.46 0.95 10.98 0.34 13.90 0.18 75.61 14.42 54.79 15.06 17.54 1.24 11.17 26.15 34.49 112.96

41.80 11.63 20.25 12.42 171.28 1.84 4.73 28.09 78.72 107.62 4.14 95.87 0.35 0.91 11.04 0.21 12.16 0.19 70.85 14.70 55.03 16.98 15.98 1.17 11.42 25.72 30.59 101.92

43.76 11.56 21.18 11.37 168.31 1.74 4.60 31.21 77.93 106.73 3.59 90.60 0.35 0.88 9.41 0.23 12.24 0.19 72.29 14.20 53.84 15.49 17.38 1.13 10.57 24.64 32.53 94.26

TRANSFORMATION OUTPUT – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 1 500

1 000

500 EU-28

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


76


2.4.5 Transformation Output – By Fuel Petroleum and Products

Gases

Electricity

Derived Heat


Solid Fuels


Total, All Products

2014

932.2 100.0 %

33.0 3.5 %

612.7 65.7 %

21.2 2.3 %

209.6 22.5 %

55.6 6.0 %

43.76 11.56 21.18 11.37 168.31 1.74 4.60 31.21 77.93 106.73 3.59 90.60 0.35 0.88 9.41 0.23 12.24 0.19 72.29 14.20 53.84 15.49 17.38 1.13 10.57 24.64 32.53 94.26

1.03 0.68 1.91 0.00 9.26 0.05 0.10 0.00 1.11 2.34 0.00 1.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 1.45 0.95 6.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.11 0.64 0.76 2.80

35.51 6.17 7.99 6.87 98.91 0.00 2.76 27.86 60.94 59.17 3.03 67.71 0.00 0.00 8.14 0.00 7.80 0.00 57.76 8.92 25.15 12.93 11.98 0.00 5.83 14.52 20.22 62.57

0.88 0.00 1.45 0.00 5.92 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.76 1.85 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.00 1.25 1.05 2.44 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.88 0.53 0.50 1.98

5.48 3.42 6.92 1.59 43.76 1.02 1.74 3.30 15.09 40.46 0.32 15.66 0.35 0.26 0.22 0.14 2.44 0.19 8.32 1.37 12.78 2.03 3.32 0.93 1.92 4.60 6.75 25.29

0.87 1.29 2.92 2.92 10.47 0.52 0.00 0.05 0.00 2.92 0.24 4.92 0.00 0.62 1.03 0.09 1.02 0.00 3.52 1.91 6.61 0.51 1.86 0.20 0.83 4.34 4.30 1.63


77


2.4.6 Transformation Output – By Sector Nuclear Power Stations, Electricity

District Heating Plants, Heat

Refineries, Petroleum and sub-products

Other Transformation Output Industry


Conventional Thermal Power Stations


Total, All Sectors

2014

932.2 100.0 %

173.7 18.6 %

75.3 8.1 %

16.1 1.7 %

612.7 65.7 %

54.3 5.8 %

43.76 11.56 21.18 11.37 168.31 1.74 4.60 31.21 77.93 106.73 3.59 90.60 0.35 0.88 9.41 0.23 12.24 0.19 72.29 14.20 53.84 15.49 17.38 1.13 10.57 24.64 32.53 94.26

3.44 3.12 6.64 3.59 43.02 1.29 1.74 3.35 10.17 4.63 0.51 20.49 0.35 0.71 0.74 0.22 1.57 0.19 10.98 2.42 16.99 2.55 3.85 0.53 1.12 5.49 4.24 19.81

2.90 1.36 2.61 0.00 8.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.93 37.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.35 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.55 1.33 2.03 5.58 5.48

0.01 0.21 0.57 0.92 2.86 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.21 0.05 0.08 0.00 0.17 0.52 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.50 0.86 2.40 0.00 0.33 0.04 0.26 1.43 1.23 1.63

35.51 6.17 7.99 6.87 98.91 0.00 2.76 27.86 60.94 59.17 3.03 67.71 0.00 0.00 8.14 0.00 7.80 0.00 57.76 8.92 25.15 12.93 11.98 0.00 5.83 14.52 20.22 62.57

1.91 0.70 3.37 0.00 15.18 0.20 0.10 0.00 1.90 4.18 0.01 2.31 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.99 0.00 2.71 2.00 9.30 0.01 0.21 0.00 2.04 1.17 1.26 4.78


78


2.5 Final Energy 2.5.1 Available for Final Consumption Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 192.6 100 %

2000 1 243.1 104 %

2005 1 314.6 110 %

2010 1 277.1 107 %

2013 1 207.2 101 %

2014 1 160.9 97 %


39.91 12.93 27.86 15.03 244.01 3.05 8.30 16.40 72.46 156.87 6.10 124.85 1.48 3.94 5.13 3.17 18.16 0.41 64.15 22.74 67.25 15.92 30.36 4.23 12.23 21.92 36.67 157.11

44.88 9.99 27.23 15.02 247.33 2.70 11.05 19.08 88.79 166.22 6.66 133.74 1.75 3.28 4.28 3.56 17.72 0.44 67.88 25.45 58.62 20.22 25.03 4.70 12.72 24.76 36.21 163.83

44.45 10.56 29.24 15.47 247.12 3.00 12.02 21.39 105.95 177.12 7.91 145.23 1.80 4.11 5.39 4.53 20.37 0.40 72.61 29.54 62.71 21.69 26.87 5.23 12.84 26.44 35.23 165.36

46.53 8.79 28.35 15.67 242.94 3.02 12.20 19.78 95.95 170.69 7.81 137.17 1.97 4.17 5.48 4.36 18.51 0.52 72.99 29.91 71.12 19.81 24.77 5.27 12.65 27.52 36.90 152.25

43.83 8.69 26.21 14.61 239.05 3.05 11.16 15.63 84.79 167.04 7.11 125.18 1.63 3.96 5.74 4.17 16.63 0.53 68.63 29.70 68.62 17.24 22.91 4.93 11.71 25.18 34.49 144.81

42.48 8.95 26.05 13.68 229.54 3.46 11.07 16.28 81.44 157.34 6.78 118.58 1.65 3.99 5.90 4.03 16.90 0.56 63.73 28.83 66.22 17.18 22.89 4.76 11.05 26.23 33.79 137.54


79


2.5.2 Final Energy Consumption TOTAL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 082.7 100 %

2000 1 132.8 105 %

2005 1 191.3 110 %

2010 1 163.8 107 %

2013 1 106.6 102 %

2014 1 061.7 98 %


34.43 11.42 26.09 14.82 221.62 2.56 7.99 15.81 64.03 143.48 5.28 114.58 1.43 3.85 4.60 3.11 16.23 0.46 50.99 21.37 62.94 13.85 26.97 4.09 11.03 21.98 35.05 142.65

37.64 9.11 24.80 14.72 220.01 2.43 10.78 18.68 79.90 155.31 6.00 124.72 1.65 3.25 3.77 3.51 16.14 0.44 52.34 23.69 55.26 17.92 22.77 4.46 10.98 24.32 34.97 153.24

36.59 10.19 26.03 15.50 218.46 2.88 12.60 20.96 97.77 160.21 7.24 137.15 1.83 4.02 4.60 4.48 18.23 0.38 54.18 27.81 58.47 19.01 24.71 4.90 11.56 25.19 33.66 152.72

38.64 8.84 24.86 15.52 219.65 2.91 11.96 19.12 89.08 155.01 7.21 128.46 1.93 4.12 4.76 4.33 16.53 0.50 55.14 28.03 66.36 18.10 22.59 5.04 11.55 26.24 34.08 143.26

36.16 8.78 23.85 14.06 217.65 2.87 10.74 15.34 80.77 151.85 6.57 118.50 1.61 3.86 4.74 4.13 15.27 0.53 51.58 27.90 63.29 15.86 21.83 4.80 10.61 24.68 31.59 137.20

34.05 9.01 23.02 13.52 208.88 2.82 10.77 15.57 79.23 141.75 6.24 113.35 1.61 3.89 4.83 4.00 15.37 0.54 47.28 26.80 61.61 15.81 21.71 4.61 10.06 24.42 31.20 129.75


80


2.5.2 Final Energy Consumption

BY SECTOR

Industry

Services

Agriculture and Fishing

Other


Households


Transport

2014

352.9 33.2 %

263.2 24.8 %

274.8 25.9 %

141.2 13.3 %

24.7 2.3 %

4.8 0.5 %

10.03 3.11 6.22 4.92 63.47 0.78 4.47 6.47 31.98 49.54 2.02 40.09 0.84 1.09 1.74 2.49 3.99 0.29 13.92 8.73 16.37 6.47 5.47 1.82 2.21 4.76 8.52 51.13

7.39 2.17 5.67 3.96 51.53 0.89 2.59 3.79 14.71 37.35 2.18 29.55 0.29 1.24 1.41 0.48 4.43 0.07 9.12 5.62 18.95 2.57 7.40 1.04 1.95 5.07 6.63 35.18

11.68 2.62 7.48 2.09 60.72 0.56 2.24 3.09 20.01 27.92 1.10 26.16 0.22 0.79 0.97 0.61 4.09 0.05 14.27 9.09 15.05 4.40 6.47 1.23 4.45 10.71 11.25 25.45

4.26 0.93 2.80 1.83 33.04 0.46 1.24 1.71 8.85 21.03 0.71 14.67 0.20 0.61 0.59 0.39 2.24 0.12 6.33 2.83 7.80 1.91 1.77 0.43 1.31 2.88 4.42 15.89

0.65 0.19 0.60 0.73 0.00 0.13 0.22 0.28 2.78 4.54 0.24 2.78 0.04 0.15 0.11 0.03 0.60 0.01 3.55 0.54 3.43 0.43 0.42 0.07 0.14 0.72 0.38 0.98

0.04 0.00 0.25 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.91 1.37 0.00 0.11 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.18 0.02 0.00 0.28 0.00 1.12


81



BY FUEL

Electricity

Renewables

Derived Heat

Solid Fuels

Wastes, Non-Renewable


Gases



2014

423.0 39.8 %

229.3 21.6 %

232.7 21.9 %

81.4 7.7 %

45.5 4.3 %

46.6 4.4 %

3.3 0.3 %

14.68 3.06 6.37 5.75 81.90 0.97 6.19 8.86 38.80 60.43 2.62 44.33 1.16 1.32 1.80 2.64 4.80 0.36 16.78 9.69 18.58 7.87 6.79 2.18 2.11 6.71 8.65 57.57

8.45 1.20 5.41 1.45 49.76 0.22 1.62 0.84 14.52 28.13 0.94 31.08 0.00 0.33 0.46 0.55 5.14 0.00 16.37 4.78 8.94 1.55 5.64 0.52 3.18 0.86 0.72 36.62

6.93 2.38 4.83 2.63 44.10 0.59 2.08 4.26 19.51 35.71 1.28 24.20 0.34 0.57 0.79 0.54 2.98 0.18 8.74 5.20 10.82 3.89 3.60 1.07 2.08 6.81 10.51 26.10

1.64 1.12 2.15 1.25 13.23 0.48 0.33 1.34 5.10 10.93 1.11 7.45 0.10 1.05 0.71 0.13 1.15 0.01 1.24 3.83 5.29 2.14 3.62 0.61 0.51 5.40 6.11 3.37

0.52 0.90 2.16 2.29 9.15 0.44 0.00 0.05 0.00 2.22 0.19 3.75 0.00 0.51 0.84 0.09 0.90 0.00 2.61 1.74 5.45 0.27 1.27 0.15 0.61 3.93 4.17 1.34

1.66 0.32 1.90 0.13 9.73 0.09 0.51 0.23 1.30 4.24 0.10 2.27 0.00 0.05 0.23 0.05 0.35 0.00 1.50 1.27 12.03 0.01 0.72 0.04 1.43 0.66 1.05 4.70

0.16 0.02 0.20 0.02 1.02 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.27 0.01 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.30 0.50 0.09 0.07 0.04 0.14 0.06 0.00 0.05


82



BY SECTOR – EU-28 – 1990-2014 (Mtoe)

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Industry Services

Transport Agriculture and Fishing

Households Other

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – BY FUEL – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 600 500 400 300 200 100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable

Gases Derived Heat


83


2.5.3 Final Non-Energy Consumption TOTAL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 107.3 100 %

2000 112.2 105 %

2005 118.5 110 %

2010 107.1 100 %

2013 97.5 91 %

2014 99.4 93 %


5.82 1.23 2.32 0.32 23.62 0.18 0.57 0.49 7.87 15.86 0.81 9.73 0.06 0.04 0.54 0.05 1.63 0.00 11.09 1.38 3.71 2.08 1.24 0.12 0.93 1.13 1.99 12.49

6.92 0.98 2.09 0.30 25.06 0.18 0.68 0.72 9.40 16.18 0.66 8.43 0.09 0.08 0.66 0.06 1.59 0.00 12.13 1.72 4.36 2.39 1.88 0.24 1.37 1.04 1.73 11.33

7.71 0.85 2.95 0.29 24.66 0.23 0.52 0.76 8.35 16.70 0.68 8.61 0.07 0.10 0.80 0.03 2.17 0.02 15.41 1.71 4.57 2.59 2.47 0.31 1.28 1.15 2.29 11.21

7.27 0.42 2.78 0.26 22.58 0.09 0.34 1.11 7.03 14.29 0.60 9.56 0.09 0.07 0.71 0.03 1.97 0.01 15.51 1.84 4.96 1.73 1.47 0.21 1.05 1.22 2.11 7.77

7.87 0.46 2.58 0.28 21.73 0.17 0.29 0.65 5.02 13.56 0.54 6.34 0.03 0.11 1.01 0.04 1.45 0.01 14.32 1.80 4.98 1.36 1.46 0.12 1.07 1.16 2.07 7.06

8.39 0.51 2.90 0.25 22.13 0.11 0.21 0.71 4.11 14.01 0.54 7.19 0.02 0.09 1.07 0.04 1.64 0.00 14.15 2.02 5.19 1.44 1.52 0.15 0.93 1.16 1.97 6.95


84


2.5.4 Primary Energy Consumption TOTAL Mtoe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 1 567.4 100 %

2000 1 617.7 103 %

2005 1 712.6 109 %

2010 1 656.6 106 %

2013 1 569.2 100 %

2014 1 506.5 96 %


48.01 21.46 39.39 19.88 318.02 5.35 10.49 23.37 94.20 225.92 7.05 152.03 1.90 4.58 8.10 3.28 24.55 0.76 64.32 25.73 95.12 18.56 45.07 5.95 16.79 28.24 49.48 209.76

52.41 17.54 39.00 19.44 317.27 4.79 13.75 27.57 114.25 241.36 7.77 165.79 2.33 3.79 6.40 3.60 23.71 0.80 65.97 27.30 84.29 22.89 34.77 6.21 16.94 31.40 47.17 219.23

51.37 18.91 42.17 19.27 317.25 5.39 14.75 30.65 135.87 259.89 9.11 181.47 2.47 4.50 7.91 4.77 25.44 0.95 69.02 32.49 87.65 24.89 36.74 7.02 17.75 33.38 48.70 222.79

53.90 17.35 41.90 19.78 310.39 6.06 14.82 27.73 123.22 252.80 8.83 168.37 2.66 4.56 6.07 4.61 23.74 0.93 70.57 32.51 95.72 22.55 34.33 7.13 16.80 35.91 48.67 204.70

48.65 16.29 39.61 17.94 302.76 6.53 13.41 23.65 114.31 245.39 8.05 153.18 2.16 4.36 5.68 4.30 21.23 0.87 66.11 31.88 93.00 21.04 30.97 6.76 15.93 32.97 47.07 195.12

44.98 17.22 38.55 16.65 290.84 6.62 13.35 23.73 112.57 234.49 7.66 143.84 2.20 4.36 5.63 4.18 21.14 0.88 62.66 30.65 89.12 20.66 30.77 6.53 15.25 33.43 46.20 182.39

PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION – 1990-2014 (Mtoe) 2 000 1 500 1 000

EU-28

500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


85


2.6 Electricity 2.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity TOTAL MW EU-28* Index 1995

1995 618 490 100 %

2000 681 077 110 %

2005 758 023 123 %

2010 883 854 143 %

2013 960 805 155 %

2014 977 656 158 %


14 917 1 975 13 803 10 823 116 226 1 4 060 8 942 45 621 107 616 2 072 65 923 690 2 068 5 866 1 250 7 404 0 19 034 17 395 29 482 9 384 5 998 2 518 7 238 14 434 33 625 70 125

15 685 11 085 15 323 12 316 118 884 2 800 4 711 10 904 53 924 114 665 2 079 75 510 988 2 092 5 716 1 217 8 282 0 21 062 17 802 30 559 10 908 6 120 2 614 7 454 16 260 33 724 78 393

16 096 12 260 17 406 13 036 128 612 2 559 6 175 13 306 76 574 115 755 3 866 85 498 1 125 2 166 4 556 1 682 8 586 0 21 800 18 898 32 257 13 374 18 951 2 992 8 257 16 468 33 390 82 378

18 690 10 031 19 829 13 438 162 698 2 751 8 311 15 312 101 788 124 551 4 121 106 488 1 560 2 557 3 570 1 711 8 993 572 26 688 21 187 33 360 18 932 19 912 3 193 7 873 15 537 36 454 93 747

20 984 11 589 21 079 13 810 186 117 2 910 8 798 18 855 105 998 128 432 4 312 124 750 1 699 2 911 4 323 1 813 8 418 648 30 539 23 591 35 815 18 900 22 948 3 434 8 458 16 653 37 915 95 106

20 919 11 390 21 970 13 655 198 416 3 096 9 078 18 895 106 470 129 069 4 426 121 762 1 724 2 924 4 037 2 022 8 809 675 31 762 24 024 35 989 19 125 23 884 3 453 8 092 16 245 38 736 97 009

INSTALLED ELECTRICITY CAPACITY – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (MW) 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 EU-28 400 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

200 000

* No complete EU-28 data available for 1990-2000. Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

86


2.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity

BY FUEL

Solar PV

Other Sources 5 530 0.6 %


20 919 11 390 21 970 13 655 198 416 3 096 9 078 18 895 106 470 129 069 4 426 121 762 1 724 2 924 4 037 2 022 8 809 675 31 762 24 024 35 989 19 125 23 884 3 453 8 092 16 245 38 736 97 009

3 024 1 026 2 068 607 38 234 0 1 2 596 4 787 5 654 33 18 609 64 0 69 110 77 55 1 048 785 27 415 1 293 223 533 11 60 5 377

4 0 0 0 478 0 0 0 2 300 1 512 0 1 100 0 0 25 0 13 0 41 1 2 26 0 0 25 0 0 3

8 605 4 470 13 082 8 152 97 203 2 750 6 337 10 932 49 786 24 411 1 861 71 272 1 513 1 265 2 778 524 6 333 620 27 286 7 859 29 760 8 113 11 323 1 242 3 068 9 607 8 076 64 238

Hydro 1 429 3 219 2 252 8 11 234 5 529 3 389 19 223 25 294 2 193 22 098 0 1 590 877 1 330 57 0 37 13 293 2 364 5 715 6 613 1 296 2 523 3 248 15 996 4 467

Nuclear

86 786 8.9 %

Combustible Fuels

977 656 482 466 150 279 123 515 129 080 100.0 % 49.3 % 15.4 % 12.6 % 13.2 %

Installed Electricity Capacity

MW EU-28 Share (%)

Wind

2014

5 927 1 975 4 290 0 12 074 0 0 0 7 399 63 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 000 0 485 0 0 0 1 411 688 1 940 2 752 9 507 9 937

1 930 700 278 4 888 39 193 341 2 211 1 978 22 975 9 068 339 8 683 147 69 288 58 329 0 2 865 2 086 3 836 4 856 3 244 4 3 627 5 097 12 987


87


2.6.1 Installed Electricity Capacity* RENEWABLES

Solar Thermal

Geothermal


86 786 8.9 %

2 302 0.2 %

820 0.1 %

244 0.0 %

3 024 1 026 2 068 607 38 234 0 1 2 596 4 787 5 654 33 18 609 64 0 69 110 77 55 1 048 785 27 415 1 293 223 533 11 60 5 377

0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 2 0 768 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3

6 383 4 945 4 598 5 503 88 687 346 2 741 7 963 49 285 40 258 2 565 50 158 211 1 659 1 234 1 498 463 55 3 950 16 165 6 227 11 012 11 150 1 523 3 059 3 886 21 153 22 834

Hydro

Solar PV


369 511 150 279 129 080 37.8 % 15.4 % 13.2 %

Total Renewables

MW EU-28 Share (%)

Wind

2014

1 429 3 219 2 252 8 11 234 5 529 3 389 19 223 25 294 2 193 22 098 0 1 590 877 1 330 57 0 37 13 293 2 364 5 715 6 613 1 296 2 523 3 248 15 996 4 467

1 930 700 278 4 888 39 193 341 2 211 1 978 22 975 9 068 339 8 683 147 69 288 58 329 0 2 865 2 086 3 836 4 856 3 244 4 3 627 5 097 12 987

* Net maximum capacity. Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

88


2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation TOTAL TWh EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2 743.6 100 %

2000 3 035.8 111 %

2005 3 325.4 121 %

2010 3 366.4 123 %

2013 3 270.6 119 %

2014 3 190.7 116 %


74.41 41.79 60.85 36.76 537.28 8.69 17.86 41.55 167.09 494.27 9.28 241.49 2.50 3.98 13.90 1.23 34.02 1.63 81.17 56.23 139.01 33.27 59.27 12.91 26.77 64.04 148.35 334.04

84.01 40.92 73.47 36.05 576.54 8.51 23.98 53.84 224.47 539.95 11.28 276.64 3.37 4.14 11.43 1.17 35.19 1.92 89.63 61.26 145.18 43.76 51.93 13.62 31.16 69.98 145.27 377.07

87.03 44.37 82.58 36.25 622.58 10.21 25.97 60.02 294.08 576.06 13.16 303.70 4.38 4.91 14.78 4.13 35.76 2.24 99.92 66.41 156.94 46.58 59.41 15.12 31.46 70.58 158.44 398.36

95.19 46.65 85.91 38.86 632.98 12.96 28.69 57.39 301.53 569.10 14.90 302.06 5.32 6.63 5.75 4.59 37.37 2.11 119.27 71.13 157.66 54.09 60.98 16.44 27.86 80.67 148.56 381.77

83.53 43.78 87.07 34.76 638.73 13.28 26.14 57.15 285.63 572.31 14.05 289.81 4.29 6.21 4.76 2.89 30.29 2.25 101.74 68.28 164.58 51.67 58.89 16.10 28.83 71.26 153.17 359.17

72.69 47.49 86.02 32.18 627.80 12.45 26.31 50.47 278.75 562.78 13.55 279.83 4.35 5.14 4.40 2.97 29.37 2.25 103.42 65.42 159.06 52.80 65.68 17.44 27.40 68.09 153.66 338.93


89


2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation

BY FUEL

Nuclear

Renewables

Gases


Wastes non-RES


Solid Fuels

TWh EU-28 Share (%)

Gross Electricity Generation

2014

3 190.7 100.0 %

808.7 25.3 %

876.3 27.5 %

930.9 29.2 %

490.1 15.4 %

57.4 1.8 %

22.6 0.7 %

72.69 47.49 86.02 32.18 627.80 12.45 26.31 50.47 278.75 562.78 13.55 279.83 4.35 5.14 4.40 2.97 29.37 2.25 103.42 65.42 159.06 52.80 65.68 17.44 27.40 68.09 153.66 338.93

2.23 21.31 40.92 11.06 274.41 10.36 6.48 25.75 43.81 9.52 2.37 43.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 0.00 29.49 2.96 129.52 11.95 17.76 3.76 2.87 11.33 0.59 100.85

33.70 15.87 30.33 0.00 97.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 57.31 436.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.65 0.00 4.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.68 6.37 15.50 23.58 64.88 63.75

13.40 7.95 10.22 17.98 168.37 1.39 6.66 12.31 114.07 97.20 10.06 122.39 0.32 2.80 2.20 1.46 3.14 0.08 11.71 53.80 20.39 32.40 27.60 6.89 6.48 26.27 85.85 67.54

21.46 2.14 4.45 2.10 72.77 0.58 12.91 6.78 48.76 15.23 1.00 96.71 0.00 2.34 1.75 1.45 4.34 0.00 54.46 7.35 7.36 6.83 8.15 0.37 2.10 6.01 0.82 101.84

0.22 0.21 0.04 0.32 5.66 0.04 0.19 5.54 14.12 1.81 0.13 14.16 4.03 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.07 2.17 1.91 0.61 1.59 1.36 0.49 0.04 0.30 0.24 0.30 1.67

1.27 0.00 0.07 0.72 7.43 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.69 1.99 0.00 2.45 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.00 1.63 0.69 0.05 0.25 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.38 1.23 3.28


90


2.6.2 Gross Electricity Generation RENEWABLES

Wind

Biomass and Renewable

Solar

Geothermal



Hydro

TWh EU-28 Share (%)

Renewables

2014

930.9 100.0 %

406.5 43.7 %

253.2 27.2 %

166.8 17.9 %

97.8 10.5 %

6.2 0.7 %

0.5 0.1 %

13.40 7.95 10.22 17.98 168.37 1.39 6.66 12.31 114.07 97.20 10.06 122.39 0.32 2.80 2.20 1.46 3.14 0.08 11.71 53.80 20.39 32.40 27.60 6.89 6.48 26.27 85.85 67.54

1.51 5.16 2.96 0.02 25.44 0.03 0.99 4.61 42.97 68.63 9.13 60.26 0.00 1.99 1.09 1.17 0.30 0.00 0.11 44.83 2.73 16.41 19.28 6.37 4.46 13.40 63.87 8.77

4.61 1.33 0.48 13.08 57.36 0.60 5.14 3.69 52.01 17.25 0.73 15.18 0.18 0.14 0.64 0.08 0.66 0.00 5.80 3.85 7.68 12.11 6.20 0.00 0.01 1.11 11.23 32.02

4.40 0.20 4.66 4.29 49.42 0.76 0.54 0.22 5.41 4.94 0.17 18.73 0.05 0.67 0.40 0.12 2.12 0.01 5.01 4.34 9.98 3.05 0.51 0.26 1.42 11.76 10.70 22.70

2.88 1.25 2.12 0.60 36.06 0.00 0.00 3.79 13.67 5.91 0.04 22.31 0.08 0.00 0.07 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.79 0.79 0.01 0.63 1.62 0.26 0.60 0.01 0.05 4.05

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


91



Renewables

Gases


Share of Total (%) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Nuclear

BY FUEL – EU-28

Solid Fuels

39.3 38.7 37.2 35.5 35.1 34.5 33.6 31.6 31.2 29.8 30.8 30.2 30.4 31.1 29.8 28.9 29.2 29.1 26.6 25.5 24.6 25.8 27.3 26.8 25.3

30.6 31.1 31.5 32.8 32.2 32.1 32.5 32.8 31.9 31.9 31.1 31.4 31.5 30.8 30.5 30.0 29.4 27.6 27.7 27.7 27.2 27.5 26.8 26.8 27.5

12.6 13.0 13.6 13.9 14.1 13.9 13.6 13.9 14.4 14.4 14.8 15.3 13.9 13.6 14.8 14.9 15.5 16.3 17.6 19.5 21.1 21.4 24.2 27.2 29.2

8.6 8.2 8.1 9.1 10.1 10.7 12.0 13.8 14.6 16.6 16.9 17.0 17.7 18.7 19.8 21.2 21.3 23.0 24.4 23.5 23.7 22.3 18.7 16.6 15.4

8.6 8.8 9.2 8.3 8.1 8.4 8.0 7.5 7.5 6.9 6.0 5.6 5.9 5.3 4.5 4.3 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.1 2.6 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.8


92



BY FUEL – EU-28 – 1990-2014 (TWh)

1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Solid Fuels Nuclear


Gases Wastes non-RES

GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION – EU-28 – RENEWABLES – 1990-2014 (TWh) 500

400

300

200

100

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Hydro Solar

Wind Geothermal

Biomass and Renewable Wastes Tide, Wave and Ocean


93


2.6.3 Market Share of the Largest Electricity Producer % BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1999 92.3

2000 91.1

2005 85

2010 79.1

2013 64.9

2014 59.77

71 40 28.1 93 97 98 51.8 93.8

69.2 36 34 91 97 97 42.4 90.2

71.1 99.7 96.5 73.7

46.7 99.6 95.8 72.8

72 33 31 92 71 97 35 89.1 87 38.6 100 92.7 70.3

38.9 100

41.3 100

38.7 100

73 46 28.4 89 34 85.1 24.04 86.5 88 28 100 88 35.4 85.4 42.1 100

58.2 41 32 87 54 67 22.04 83.8 84 27 100 79.8 24.4 58.35 51.91 100

57.54 36.6 32 84.83 51 71.54 23.82 86.8 80.29 29 100 54.8 20.57 61.33 53.51 100

21.4 20.8 57.8

32.6 19.5 58.5

83.6 26 52.8 21

85.1 23.3 49.5 20.6

18.5 53.9 36.4 50.1 83.6 23 47 20.5

17.38 47.2 33.56 56.3 80.86 26.6 42 21

55.5 17.34 43.9 26.8 57.1 83.76 25.3 44.8 29.3

17.93 46.5 29.9 52.4 81.85 25.2 42.9


94


2.7 Solar and Wind Energy 2.7.1 Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity TOTAL MW EU-28

1995 2 479

2000 12 890

2005 42 697

2010 114 715

2013 200 071

2014 218 168


5 0 0 599 1 155 0 6 27 105 5 0 38 0 1 0 0 0 0 252 2 0 8 0 0 0 7 69 200

14 0 1 2 391 6 209 0 119 226 2 218 45 0 382 0 2 0 14 0 0 460 55 4 84 0 0 0 40 212 414

169 8 23 3 131 20 431 31 517 492 9 978 703 6 1 669 1 26 1 59 17 0 1 275 808 121 1 066 1 0 5 86 497 1 576

1 816 513 1 940 3 809 44 734 108 1 375 1 500 25 346 6 956 79 9 264 89 30 133 73 295 1 2 327 1 135 1 108 3 930 389 12 22 204 2 030 5 497

4 714 1 703 2 326 5 391 70 997 248 1 942 4 388 30 043 12 854 273 26 962 182 67 347 153 364 28 3 459 2 271 3 431 4 906 3 534 191 538 456 4 237 14 066

4 954 1 726 2 346 5 495 77 429 341 2 212 4 574 30 062 14 722 372 27 292 211 69 357 168 406 55 3 913 2 871 3 863 5 271 4 537 227 536 638 5 157 18 364

SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY – CUMULATIVE CAPACITY – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (MW) 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000

EU-28 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


95


2.7.1 Solar and Wind Energy – Cumulative Capacity

SHARE OF TOTAL % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.4

2000 1.9

2005 5.6

2010 13.0

2013 20.8

2014 22.3

0.03 0.00 0.00 5.53 0.99 0.00 0.15 0.30 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.32 0.01 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.21 0.29

0.09 0.00 0.01 19.41 5.22 0.00 2.53 2.07 4.11 0.04 0.00 0.51 0.00 0.10 0.00 1.15 0.00 0.00 2.18 0.31 0.01 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.63 0.53

1.05 0.07 0.13 24.02 15.89 1.21 8.37 3.70 13.03 0.61 0.16 1.95 0.09 1.20 0.02 3.51 0.20 0.00 5.85 4.28 0.38 7.97 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.52 1.49 1.91

9.72 5.11 9.78 28.34 27.50 3.93 16.54 9.80 24.90 5.58 1.92 8.70 5.71 1.17 3.73 4.27 3.28 0.17 8.72 5.36 3.32 20.76 1.95 0.38 0.28 1.31 5.57 5.86

22.46 14.69 11.03 39.04 38.15 8.52 22.07 23.27 28.34 10.01 6.33 21.61 10.71 2.30 8.03 8.44 4.32 4.32 11.33 9.63 9.58 25.96 15.40 5.56 6.36 2.74 11.17 14.79

23.68 15.15 10.68 40.24 39.02 11.01 24.37 24.21 28.24 11.41 8.40 22.41 12.24 2.36 8.84 8.31 4.61 8.15 12.32 11.95 10.73 27.56 19.00 6.57 6.62 3.93 13.31 18.93

SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY – CUMULATIVE CAPACITY – SHARE OF TOTAL – 1990-2014 (%) 25 20 15 10 EU-28

5

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


96


2.7.2 Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity TOTAL MW EU-28

1995 2 430

2000 12 711

2005 40 400

2010 84 566

2013 118 086

2014 129 080


5 0 0 599 1 137 0 6 27 98 3 0 22 0 1 0 0 0 0 250 1 0 8 0 0 0 6 67 200

14 0 1 2 390 6 095 0 119 226 2 206 38 0 363 0 2 0 14 0 0 447 50 4 83 0 0 0 38 209 412

167 8 22 3 128 18 375 31 517 491 9 918 690 6 1 635 0 26 1 35 17 0 1 224 778 121 1 064 1 0 5 82 493 1 565

912 488 213 3 802 27 180 108 1 374 1 298 20 693 5 912 79 5 794 82 30 133 44 293 0 2 237 981 1 108 3 796 389 0 3 197 2 019 5 401

1 792 683 262 4 820 34 660 248 1 941 1 809 22 958 8 202 254 8 542 147 67 279 58 329 0 2 713 1 645 3 429 4 610 2 773 4 5 447 4 194 11 215

1 930 700 278 4 888 39 193 341 2 211 1 978 22 975 9 068 339 8 683 147 69 288 58 329 0 2 865 2 086 3 836 4 856 3 244 4 3 627 5 097 12 987

WIND CUMULATIVE INSTALLED CAPACITY – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (MW) 150 000 100 000 50 000

EU-28

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


97


2.7.2 Wind Cumulative Installed Capacity

SHARE OF TOTAL % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.4

2000 1.9

2005 5.3

2010 9.6

2013 12.3

2014 13.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 5.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3

0.1 0.0 0.0 19.4 5.1 0.0 2.5 2.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.5

1.0 0.1 0.1 24.0 14.3 1.2 8.4 3.7 13.0 0.6 0.2 1.9 0.0 1.2 0.0 2.1 0.2 0.0 5.6 4.1 0.4 8.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.5 1.9

4.9 4.9 1.1 28.3 16.7 3.9 16.5 8.5 20.3 4.7 1.9 5.4 5.3 1.2 3.7 2.6 3.3 0.0 8.4 4.6 3.3 20.1 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 5.5 5.8

8.5 5.9 1.2 34.9 18.6 8.5 22.1 9.6 21.7 6.4 5.9 6.8 8.7 2.3 6.5 3.2 3.9 0.0 8.9 7.0 9.6 24.4 12.1 0.1 0.1 2.7 11.1 11.8

9.2 6.1 1.3 35.8 19.8 11.0 24.4 10.5 21.6 7.0 7.7 7.1 8.5 2.4 7.1 2.9 3.7 0.0 9.0 8.7 10.7 25.4 13.6 0.1 0.0 3.9 13.2 13.4


98


2.7.3 Wind Gross Electricity Production TOTAL TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 4.1

2000 22.2

2005 70.5

2010 149.4

2013 236.8

2014 253.2

0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 9.4 0.0 0.2 0.5 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9

0.2 0.0 0.0 6.6 27.2 0.1 1.1 1.3 21.2 1.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.3 0.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.9 2.9

1.3 0.7 0.3 7.8 37.8 0.3 2.8 2.7 44.3 9.9 0.1 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.0 4.0 2.1 1.7 9.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 3.5 10.3

3.7 1.4 0.5 11.1 51.7 0.5 4.5 4.1 55.6 16.0 0.5 14.9 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.0 5.6 3.2 6.0 12.0 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.8 9.8 28.4

4.6 1.3 0.5 13.1 57.4 0.6 5.1 3.7 52.0 17.2 0.7 15.2 0.2 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.7 0.0 5.8 3.8 7.7 12.1 6.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 11.2 32.0

WIND GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (TWh) 300 250 200 150

EU-28

100 50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


99


2.7.3 Wind Gross Electricity Production

PENETRATION LEVEL* % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.1

2000 0.7

2005 2.1

2010 4.4

2013 7.2

2014 7.9

0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 11.8 1.6 0.0 1.0 0.8 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.3

0.3 0.0 0.0 18.2 4.4 0.5 4.3 2.1 7.2 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.0 1.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 2.1 2.0 0.1 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.7

1.4 1.5 0.4 20.1 6.0 2.1 9.8 4.7 14.7 1.7 0.9 3.0 0.6 0.7 3.9 1.2 1.4 0.0 3.3 2.9 1.1 17.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.4 2.7

4.4 3.1 0.6 32.0 8.1 4.0 17.4 7.2 19.5 2.8 3.7 5.1 5.4 1.9 12.7 2.9 2.4 0.0 5.5 4.6 3.6 23.3 7.7 0.0 0.0 1.1 6.4 7.9

6.3 2.8 0.6 40.6 9.1 4.9 19.5 7.3 18.7 3.1 5.4 5.4 4.2 2.7 14.5 2.7 2.2 0.0 5.6 5.9 4.8 22.9 9.4 0.0 0.0 1.6 7.3 9.4

* In total gross electricity generation. Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

100


2.7.4 Wind Capacity Factor

ANNUAL AVERAGE % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 19.1

2000 19.9

2005 19.9

2010 20.1

2013 22.9

2014 22.4

20.5 0.0 0.0 22.4 17.2 0.0 30.4 14.4 31.4 19.0 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.5 11.4 0.0 22.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.9 16.9 22.3

13.0 0.0 11.4 20.2 17.5 0.0 23.4 22.8 24.4 14.4 0.0 17.7 0.0 22.8 0.0 22.0 0.0 0.0 21.2 15.3 14.3 23.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.4 24.9 26.2

15.5 7.1 10.9 24.1 16.9 19.9 24.5 29.4 24.4 15.9 19.0 16.4 0.0 20.6 22.8 16.9 6.7 0.0 19.3 19.5 12.7 19.0 0.0 0.0 13.7 23.7 21.7 21.2

16.2 15.9 17.9 23.4 15.9 29.3 23.4 23.9 24.4 19.2 20.1 18.0 4.3 18.6 19.2 14.3 20.8 0.0 20.4 24.0 17.1 27.6 9.0 0.0 22.8 17.0 19.8 21.7

23.5 22.9 20.9 26.3 17.0 24.3 26.7 26.1 27.7 22.3 23.2 19.9 17.9 20.4 24.7 16.3 24.9 0.0 23.7 21.9 20.0 29.7 18.6 11.4 13.7 19.8 26.8 28.9

27.3 21.7 19.6 30.5 16.7 20.2 26.5 21.3 25.8 21.7 24.6 19.9 14.1 23.3 25.3 15.7 22.8 0.0 23.1 21.0 22.8 28.5 21.8 11.4 22.8 20.1 25.1 28.1


101


2.7.5 Solar Collectors’ Surface 1 000 m2 EU-28

1995 6 543

2000 11 052

2005 18 291

2010 35 259

2013 44 770

2014 47 735


36 0 0 144 1 166 0 2 2 101 319 598 0 174 0 0 0 0 27 0 139 1 241 0 200 0 0 0 7 135 254

41 0 0 243 3 251 0 4 2 941 403 513 20 271 0 0 0 0 36 0 276 2 202 0 238 0 0 0 10 207 396

77 0 85 286 7 099 0 13 3 047 797 583 41 680 730 0 0 6 45 0 422 3 083 95 289 0 0 64 16 371 462

371 194 309 480 14 044 0 185 4 100 2 373 1 447 92 2 415 909 0 0 29 140 44 576 4 441 656 752 0 0 123 31 510 1 038

570 309 470 712 17 222 0 278 4 181 3 094 1 975 143 3 318 977 0 0 46 158 43 633 5 058 1 470 1 024 1 087 0 160 41 475 1 326

615 327 530 810 17 987 0 300 4 287 3 348 2 162 162 3 538 993 0 0 48 160 45 644 5 059 1 730 1 079 1 847 0 166 45 475 1 378

SOLAR COLLECTORS’ SURFACE – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (1 000 m2) 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000

EU-28

10 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


102


2.7.6 Solar Installed Capacity TOTAL MW EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 49

2000 179

2005 2 297

2010 30 149

2013 81 985

2014 89 088

0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 7 2 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0

0 0 0 1 114 0 0 0 12 7 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 5 0 1 0 0 0 2 3 2

2 0 1 3 2 056 0 0 1 60 13 0 34 1 0 0 24 0 0 51 30 0 2 0 0 0 4 4 11

904 25 1 727 7 17 554 0 1 202 4 653 1 044 0 3 470 7 0 0 29 2 1 90 154 0 134 0 12 19 7 11 96

2 922 1 020 2 064 571 36 337 0 1 2 579 7 085 4 652 19 18 420 35 0 68 95 35 28 746 626 2 296 761 187 533 9 43 2 851

3 024 1 026 2 068 607 38 236 0 1 2 596 7 087 5 654 33 18 609 64 0 69 110 77 55 1 048 785 27 415 1 293 223 533 11 60 5 377

SOLAR INSTALLED CAPACITY – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (MW) 100 000 80 000

EU-28

60 000 40 000 20 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


103


2.7.7 Solar Gross Electricity Production TOTAL TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.0

2000 0.1

2005 1.5

2010 23.3

2013 85.7

2014 97.8

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 7.2 0.6 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2.6 1.4 2.0 0.5 31.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 13.1 4.7 0.0 21.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 2.0

2.9 1.3 2.1 0.6 36.1 0.0 0.0 3.8 13.7 5.9 0.0 22.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.6 1.6 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 4.1

SOLAR GROSS ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION – TOTAL – 1990-2014 (TWh) 100 80

EU-28

60 40 20

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


104


2.7.8 Solar Penetration Level

IN TOTAL GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 0.0

2000 0.0

2005 0.0

2010 0.7

2013 2.6

2014 3.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

0.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

3.2 3.1 2.3 1.5 4.9 0.0 0.0 6.4 4.6 0.8 0.1 7.4 1.1 0.0 0.9 2.6 0.1 1.3 0.5 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.7 1.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.6

4.0 2.6 2.5 1.9 5.7 0.0 0.0 7.5 4.9 1.0 0.3 8.0 1.9 0.0 1.7 3.2 0.2 3.0 0.8 1.2 0.0 1.2 2.5 1.5 2.2 0.0 0.0 1.2


105


2.8 CHP 2.8.1 CHP Electricity

GENERATION AND CAPACITY CHP Electrical Capacity

CHP Electricity Generation TWh EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2012 386.7

2013 382.0

2005 99.3

2012 111.4

2013 113.0

7.4 2.7 13.9 18.9 77.9 1.0 0.6 1.0 22.9 23.2 0.0 27.4 0.0 1.5 2.3 0.4 6.8 0.0 29.5 7.7 26.3 5.4 15.5 1.1 4.8 27.5 10.7 27.2

12.9 2.8 11.5 15.0 79.3 1.2 2.1 2.4 26.4 15.2 2.1 35.8 0.0 2.1 1.8 0.4 4.6 0.0 34.5 10.4 27.0 6.5 6.7 1.2 22.5 24.3 15.9 21.9

12.7 3.7 12.0 17.6 78.7 1.2 2.0 1.9 24.1 13.9 1.7 36.7 0.1 2.4 1.7 0.4 3.9 0.0 34.8 9.9 26.1 7.2 6.6 1.2 22.2 24.3 15.6 19.7

1.9 1.2 5.2 5.7 20.8 0.4 0.1 0.2 3.1 6.6 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.1 2.0 0.0 7.2 2.2 8.3 1.1 5.2 0.3 5.4 5.8 3.5 5.4

2.3 1.2 4.6 5.7 26.9 0.5 0.3 0.6 4.0 5.5 0.7 7.6 0.0 1.0 1.2 0.5 1.6 0.0 9.2 4.4 8.3 1.5 2.2 0.3 4.4 6.3 4.5 6.2

2.3 1.2 4.6 5.9 27.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 3.4 4.8 0.7 8.3 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.5 1.7 0.0 9.4 5.6 8.3 1.4 2.1 0.4 4.4 6.1 4.8 6.2

Source: Eurostat, July 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

106

GW

2005 363.6


2.8.2 CHP Heat

PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY CHP Heat Production

CHP Heat Capacity*

PJ EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

GW

2005 2012 2013 3 116.7 3 041.1 2 899.6 75.9 50.4 150.7 119.0 652.5 11.5 4.4 9.7 192.5 209.2 0.0 193.1 0.1 11.9 19.9 1.2 47.4 0.0 220.3 100.1 275.4 59.6 95.4 15.0 33.7 250.0 132.7 185.2

88.4 41.6 126.6 104.2 648.3 11.1 12.5 13.0 219.1 150.9 14.0 203.2 0.0 8.8 15.4 3.2 26.0 0.0 224.6 111.8 260.6 66.9 66.1 10.7 28.8 256.8 173.8 154.5

27.1 40.4 120.9 103.1 654.0 12.6 12.4 10.5 174.9 150.7 13.3 212.8 0.2 11.3 15.3 3.4 27.0 0.0 217.9 110.8 257.4 68.4 57.9 10.8 27.8 251.2 165.1 142.5

2009 296.0

2012 284.7

2013 279.7

4.9 5.8 19.0 10.3 50.1 1.5 0.7 0.8 10.8 14.9 1.5 57.9 0.0 0.4 2.4 0.0 3.4 0.0 19.2 10.2 24.8 5.0 10.3 0.8 9.4 15.7 8.8 7.4

5.3 4.1 20.8 9.7 66.1 1.6 0.7 0.9 17.2 15.3 1.7 13.8 0.0 1.0 2.4 0.9 3.0 0.0 18.9 11.3 24.6 4.9 10.5 0.8 15.7 16.1 9.8 7.5

5.3 4.1 21.0 9.8 73.1 1.4 0.7 0.8 5.6 12.1 1.7 16.3 0.0 3.3 2.4 0.9 3.2 0.0 18.3 9.2 24.6 4.8 10.1 0.7 15.5 15.8 11.4 7.7

* Data on heat capacity before 2009 is not consistent across the EU-28. Source: Eurostat, July 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

107


2.8.3 CHP Electricity and Heat

CHP ELECTRICITY AND HEAT GENERATION EU-28 (PJ – GCV)

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

CHP Electricity Generation

Source: Eurostat, July 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

108

2009

2010

2011

CHP Heat Production

2012

2013


2.9 Heat * 2.9.1 Gross Heat Generation TOTAL PJ (GCV) EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 2 287.2 100 %

2000 2 186.9 96 %

2005 2 594.8 113 %

2010 2 684.5 117 %

2013 2 493.5 109 %

2014 2 327.0 102 %

10.0 133.5 175.9 119.1 416.6 31.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.0 13.2 0.0 0.0 46.1 66.9 0.0 61.3 0.0 130.1 39.2 420.8 1.5 287.0 8.9 42.1 97.7 163.1 0.0

23.2 50.8 139.2 119.2 315.9 27.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 135.5 11.5 0.0 0.0 31.9 48.2 0.5 69.2 0.0 172.4 47.9 340.7 5.6 190.8 9.4 36.8 150.1 157.9 102.1

22.4 52.1 139.2 129.0 494.0 26.8 0.0 2.0 0.0 178.3 13.3 193.1 0.0 31.1 49.9 3.2 63.6 0.0 178.5 61.6 336.3 13.7 127.7 10.1 52.5 178.1 181.1 57.2

38.3 59.4 130.3 152.1 515.2 25.5 0.0 1.9 0.0 160.8 12.5 205.3 0.0 28.7 48.8 3.1 53.0 0.0 159.9 84.6 335.8 21.1 99.1 9.8 48.6 209.5 224.2 57.0

37.7 53.0 125.4 136.0 488.3 23.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 134.5 11.7 216.4 0.0 26.2 43.6 3.2 49.0 0.0 150.1 87.6 302.3 25.6 84.8 9.4 42.5 186.9 190.1 64.1

36.5 54.2 122.2 122.1 438.3 21.8 0.0 2.1 0.0 122.0 10.1 206.0 0.0 25.7 43.3 3.6 42.8 0.0 147.2 80.0 276.9 21.4 78.0 8.2 34.8 181.8 179.9 68.0

* Only Heat sold, as considered currently in the energy balances. Source: Eurostat, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

109


2.9.1 Gross Heat Generation

BY FUEL

Solid Fuels

Renewables


Wastes non-RES

Nuclear


Gases

PJ (GCV) EU-28 Share (%)

Gross Heat Generation

2014

2 327.0 100.0 %

898.9 38.6 %

633.9 27.2 %

517.3 22.2 %

106.2 4.6 %

103.8 4.5 %

3.7 0.2 %

36.5 54.2 122.2 122.1 438.3 21.8 0.0 2.1 0.0 122.0 10.1 206.0 0.0 25.7 43.3 3.6 42.8 0.0 147.2 80.0 276.9 21.4 78.0 8.2 34.8 181.8 179.9 68.0

22.3 22.9 36.4 23.5 187.1 9.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.9 8.9 126.2 0.0 17.0 15.6 3.1 33.9 0.0 103.5 31.1 25.0 21.1 45.1 2.3 16.4 32.4 10.2 56.0

0.0 22.9 73.9 24.6 145.3 3.8 0.0 2.1 0.0 9.3 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.4 0.0 3.1 3.0 232.7 0.0 24.6 4.4 7.3 56.3 9.0 8.3

2.8 0.4 8.0 58.5 59.1 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.9 0.4 40.5 0.0 8.5 15.3 0.5 4.8 0.0 10.8 36.2 14.3 0.0 3.1 1.2 5.2 74.9 122.0 1.0

0.2 5.7 0.3 1.2 3.8 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.2 0.8 34.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.0 21.4 3.9 3.3 0.3 5.1 0.2 3.9 6.2 3.0 1.9

1.9 0.0 1.4 11.4 35.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.5 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0 8.3 5.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 4.3 16.7 0.9

0.0 0.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0


110


2.9.1 Gross Heat Generation TOTAL – EU-28 – 1990-2014 (PJ – GCV) 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

GROSS HEAT GENERATION – BY FUEL – 1990-2014 (PJ – GCV) 1 600 1 400 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Solid Fuels Nuclear Other


Gases Wastes non-RES


111


2.10 Transport 2.10.1 Fuels Final Consumption

Motor Gasoline

LPG

Final Consumption Biofuels

Biodiesel

Biogasoline

ktoe 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Gas/Diesel Oil

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS AND BIOFUELS – EU-28 Final Consumption Petroleum Products

278 145 280 264 289 556 292 956 296 399 300 387 310 455 316 052 327 291 336 595 337 138 339 509 342 376 346 794 356 026 357 841 363 211 367 119 359 803 346 295 343 450 340 728 329 107 326 545 330 493

105 843 108 498 113 932 116 788 120 117 123 436 130 056 133 918 142 150 148 388 153 117 158 754 163 945 171 738 181 161 186 005 193 378 199 154 197 892 192 296 195 506 195 304 191 150 191 392 195 107

138 238 138 712 140 945 140 416 139 014 138 159 139 720 139 232 139 526 140 127 134 043 131 701 129 675 124 667 120 828 115 286 111 204 107 409 101 743 97 576 91 771 87 968 82 002 79 224 79 000

2 706 2 620 2 477 2 592 2 773 3 046 3 182 3 470 3 552 3 531 3 653 3 872 4 132 4 292 4 632 4 775 4 937 4 898 5 050 5 267 5 311 5 499 5 455 5 762 5 812

6 6 22 52 139 216 317 432 408 455 709 836 1 109 1 420 1 927 3 198 5 365 7 682 9 863 11 707 13 102 13 615 14 313 12 939 14 007

6 6 15 25 111 187 274 368 335 383 636 752 930 1 168 1 603 2 470 3 898 5 896 7 789 9 381 10 259 10 743 11 481 10 275 11 342

0 0 5 24 25 24 39 55 63 60 58 65 158 241 304 574 876 1 163 1 813 2 269 2 805 2 860 2 821 2 659 2 657

EU-28 – FUELS CONSUMPTION IN THE TRANSPORT SECTOR – 1990-2014 (ktoe) 400 000 350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000

Final Consumption Petroleum Products LPG Motor Gasoline Biodiesel Biogasoline

Gas/Diesel Oil Final Consumption Biofuels

150 000 100 000 50 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


112


2.10.2 Biofuels BY FUEL – EU-28

ktoe 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

6 7 20 48 135 222 313 401 383 441 709 886 1 186 1 472 2 146 3 373 5 486 7 490 8 991 10 637 11 695 10 562 11 460 12 723 13 889

6 7 16 25 95 188 268 338 310 369 634 789 997 1 183 1 772 2 499 3 674 5 326 6 655 7 985 8 907 8 487 9 102 9 781 11 249

of Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil

of Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline

Share in Transport Fuels

Biogasoline

Biodiesel

Total Biofuels

Production

Total Biofuels

% 0 0 2 18 25 24 39 53 63 58 59 70 159 239 266 480 741 1 035 1 512 1 706 1 965 1 749 2 033 2 550 2 296

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 0.9 % 1.5 % 2.0 % 2.7 % 3.3 % 3.7 % 3.8 % 4.2 % 3.8 % 4.1 %

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.5 % 0.8 % 1.1 % 1.8 % 2.3 % 3.0 % 3.1 % 3.3 % 3.2 % 3.3 %

0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.0 % 0.1 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.4 % 0.5 % 0.6 % 0.7 % 0.9 % 1.3 % 2.0 % 2.9 % 3.8 % 4.7 % 5.0 % 5.2 % 5.7 % 5.1 % 5.5 %


113


2.10.2 Biofuels

PRODUCTION BIOFUELS – EU-28 – 1990-2014 (ktoe)

14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Total Biofuels Other Liquid Biofuels

Biogasoline

Biodiesel

BIOFUELS SHARE IN TRANSPORT FUELS – EU-28 – 1990-2014 (%) 8 %

6 %

4 %

2 %

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0 %

Total Biofuels


114

of Biogasoline in Motor Gasoline of Biodiesel in Gas/Diesel Oil


2.11 Energy Efficiency 2.11.1 Energy Intensity

ALL FUELS toe/M€ '2010 EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 174 100 %

2000 155 89 %

2005 150 86 %

2010 138 79 %

2013 128 74 %

2014 122 70 %

199 946 398 104 159 698 145 150 144 158 263 115 168 485 592 148 378 175 168 124 518 151 551 268 503 238 205 168

190 758 359 88 145 467 117 149 142 145 239 112 170 315 386 121 315 149 141 114 359 151 442 231 437 205 163 149

173 609 325 81 141 375 96 137 141 144 223 117 150 253 330 137 278 163 142 124 321 157 357 220 356 192 149 132

168 471 286 83 129 418 91 128 121 134 209 111 143 260 242 117 262 142 136 117 278 135 282 203 265 198 138 117

152 431 268 75 120 396 79 132 116 126 198 104 124 221 209 103 227 121 127 110 251 134 243 196 238 182 128 106

142 449 259 69 114 386 74 132 112 120 189 98 130 215 203 97 219 119 120 106 234 131 235 185 221 186 123 96

ENERGY INTENSITY – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (toe/M€ '2010) 200 150 100

EU-28

50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Source: Eurostat, DG Economic and Financial Affairs, May 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

115


2.11.2 Energy Consumption per Capita

GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION – ALL FUELS kgoe/cap EU-28 Index 1995

1995 3 477 100 %

2000 3 554 102 %

2005 3 702 106 %

2010 3 505 101 %

2013 3 290 95 %

2014 3 168 91 %


5 314 2 692 4 037 3 873 4 190 3 815 3 076 2 265 2 595 4 076 1 686 2 846 3 045 1 849 2 371 8 194 2 533 2 044 4 889 3 413 2 562 2 062 2 039 3 052 3 308 5 759 5 838 3 836

5 795 2 261 3 998 3 703 4 166 3 549 3 819 2 626 3 087 4 254 1 872 3 061 3 495 1 622 2 011 8 427 2 475 2 107 4 923 3 627 2 317 2 467 1 632 3 245 3 390 6 272 5 518 3 922

5 655 2 569 4 424 3 614 4 144 4 132 3 713 2 863 3 331 4 406 2 269 3 284 3 464 2 041 2 596 10 407 2 735 2 414 5 178 4 170 2 416 2 618 1 834 3 667 3 542 6 595 5 659 3 888

5 643 2 395 4 270 3 621 4 070 4 613 3 333 2 594 2 802 4 131 2 191 3 006 3 345 2 183 2 160 9 244 2 568 2 261 5 193 4 113 2 648 2 297 1 764 3 587 3 312 6 940 5 437 3 399

5 064 2 300 4 012 3 251 3 956 5 077 2 984 2 208 2 554 3 947 2 014 2 673 2 523 2 207 2 250 8 078 2 289 2 072 4 793 3 985 2 574 2 136 1 620 3 338 3 141 6 289 5 142 3 164

4 763 2 447 3 944 3 004 3 875 5 112 2 945 2 236 2 509 3 771 1 930 2 485 2 592 2 224 2 275 7 668 2 306 2 083 4 564 3 841 2 481 2 119 1 619 3 242 2 988 6 346 4 994 2 942

ENERGY CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (kgoe/cap) 4 000 3 000 2 000

EU-28

1 000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


116


2.11.3 Final Electricity Consumption per Capita

ALL FUELS kWh/cap EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 4 688 100 %

2000 5 195 111 %

2005 5 631 120 %

2010 5 648 120 %

2013 5 469 117 %

2014 5 338 114 %

6 757 3 404 4 653 5 922 5 534 3 146 4 128 3 235 3 582 5 780 2 129 4 192 3 444 1 786 1 744 12 316 2 684 3 408 5 245 5 881 2 325 2 878 1 601 4 696 4 057 12 791 14 129 5 086

7 573 2 961 4 804 6 089 5 884 3 579 5 371 4 005 4 706 6 357 2 631 4 795 4 339 1 880 1 764 13 319 2 880 4 122 6 020 6 441 2 578 3 744 1 511 5 293 4 077 14 635 14 526 5 611

7 678 3 345 5 421 6 184 6 330 4 445 5 923 4 640 5 595 6 735 3 344 5 199 5 402 2 547 2 377 13 334 3 203 4 614 6 419 7 001 2 761 4 414 1 817 6 379 4 253 15 420 14 504 5 797

7 686 3 652 5 468 5 792 6 509 5 181 5 588 4 777 5 266 6 868 3 686 5 057 5 960 2 931 2 652 13 156 3 416 4 480 6 516 7 222 3 131 4 718 2 036 5 835 4 477 15 603 14 048 5 262

7 324 3 780 5 391 5 571 6 379 5 166 5 271 4 434 4 924 6 718 3 536 4 815 4 528 3 249 3 013 11 558 3 519 4 699 6 220 7 219 3 260 4 315 2 029 6 061 4 636 14 731 13 083 4 962

7 190 3 819 5 346 5 442 6 350 5 248 5 241 4 530 4 878 6 303 3 493 4 631 4 621 3 289 3 138 11 330 3 513 4 777 6 039 7 108 3 311 4 334 2 101 6 045 4 460 14 517 12 669 4 717

FINAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (kWh/cap) 8 000 6 000 4 000

EU-28

2 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


117


2.11.4 Primary Energy Intensity

ALL FUELS toe/M€ '2010 EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 163 100 %

2000 145 89 %

2005 140 86 %

2010 129 80 %

2013 121 74 %

2014 114 70 %

178 895 376 102 148 675 137 147 133 147 236 108 162 480 555 146 354 175 143 118 498 136 536 263 477 229 197 159

168 718 341 86 135 450 111 145 132 136 220 107 164 309 349 119 295 149 119 108 342 137 419 223 404 199 157 142

151 583 304 80 131 359 92 133 133 135 207 111 146 247 299 136 256 159 116 118 305 143 335 211 332 186 143 125

148 460 268 82 120 412 89 123 114 126 196 105 139 256 217 117 242 140 112 110 265 125 271 197 249 192 132 113

131 419 252 74 112 386 77 128 112 119 185 99 123 216 178 103 212 120 105 104 238 126 232 192 223 176 123 102

119 436 241 68 106 380 73 128 108 113 177 94 128 211 171 96 204 118 98 100 221 122 224 181 208 179 118 93

PRIMARY ENERGY INTENSITY – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (toe/M€ '2010) 200 150 100 EU-28 50

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


118


2 .11 .5 Carbon Intensity

ALL FUELS kg CO2/toe EU-28 Index 1995

1995 2 565 100 %

2000 2 477 97 %

2005 2 417 94 %

2010 2 308 90 %

2013 2 271 89 %

2014 2 244 87 %


2 386 2 568 3 202 3 195 2 789 3 259 3 339 3 753 2 674 1 699 2 250 2 800 3 410 1 997 1 752 2 934 2 364 3 500 2 404 2 417 3 690 2 722 2 762 2 525 2 524 2 017 1 180 2 603

2 208 2 445 3 147 2 912 2 682 3 058 3 259 3 729 2 602 1 669 2 421 2 716 3 304 1 858 1 681 2 682 2 333 3 443 2 334 2 342 3 609 2 686 2 579 2 407 2 251 1 794 1 159 2 552

2 178 2 565 2 843 2 801 2 599 2 935 3 310 3 680 2 639 1 596 2 474 2 631 3 470 1 741 1 617 2 807 2 213 3 069 2 235 2 384 3 516 2 606 2 591 2 321 2 245 1 689 1 094 2 546

1 935 2 706 2 669 2 600 2 571 2 918 2 897 3 437 2 275 1 522 2 327 2 464 3 227 1 923 2 028 2 717 2 053 3 199 2 242 2 171 3 357 2 272 2 244 2 238 2 153 1 766 1 086 2 524

1 869 2 564 2 600 2 446 2 654 2 932 2 856 3 514 2 224 1 476 2 220 2 328 3 307 1 730 1 974 2 639 1 958 3 195 2 190 2 077 3 309 2 250 2 278 2 215 2 087 1 578 959 2 500

1 881 2 571 2 515 2 402 2 611 2 831 2 865 3 375 2 289 1 419 2 249 2 332 3 442 1 691 1 937 2 627 1 936 3 178 2 198 2 027 3 314 2 276 2 291 2 030 2 068 1 434 948 2 454

CARBON INTENSITY – ALL FUELS – 1990-2014 (kg CO2/toe) 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500

EU-28

1 000 500 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Sources: EEA/UNFCCC – June 2016, Eurostat – June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

119


2.12 RES Indicators 2.12.1 RES Shares *

OVERALL AND HEATING & COOLING Overall RES with Aviation Cap** % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling

2005 9.0

2010 12.8

2013 15.0

2014 16.0

2005 10.8

2010 14.8

2013 16.6

2014 17.7

2.3 9.4 6.0 16.0 6.7 17.5 2.9 7.0 8.4 9.6 23.8 7.5 3.1 32.3 17.0 1.4 4.5 0.2 2.5 23.8 6.9 19.5 17.6 16.0 6.4 28.8 40.6 1.4

5.5 14.1 9.5 22.1 10.5 24.6 5.6 9.8 13.8 12.6 25.1 13.0 6.0 30.4 19.8 2.9 8.6 1.1 3.9 30.6 9.2 24.2 23.4 20.5 9.1 32.4 47.2 3.7

7.5 19.0 12.4 27.3 12.4 25.6 7.7 15.0 15.3 14.0 28.1 16.7 8.1 37.1 23.0 3.6 9.5 3.7 4.8 32.3 11.3 25.7 23.9 22.5 10.1 36.7 52.0 5.6

8.0 18.0 13.4 29.2 13.8 26.5 8.6 15.3 16.2 14.3 27.9 17.1 9.0 38.7 23.9 4.5 9.5 4.7 5.5 33.1 11.4 27.0 24.9 21.9 11.6 38.7 52.6 7.0

3.4 14.3 9.1 22.8 6.8 32.2 3.5 12.8 9.4 12.3 30.0 8.2 10.0 42.7 30.1 3.6 6.0 2.2 2.4 22.1 10.2 32.1 18.0 18.9 5.0 39.1 51.9 0.8

5.8 24.4 12.6 30.9 9.8 43.3 4.5 17.8 12.6 15.9 32.8 15.6 18.2 40.7 33.2 4.8 11.0 7.4 3.1 29.8 11.7 33.9 27.2 28.3 7.9 44.3 60.9 2.8

7.5 29.2 15.4 34.9 10.6 43.2 5.4 26.5 14.1 17.8 37.2 18.1 21.7 49.7 37.7 5.8 12.6 14.6 4.1 32.7 14.1 34.5 26.2 33.7 7.9 50.8 67.1 3.8

7.8 28.3 16.7 37.8 12.2 45.2 6.6 26.9 15.8 17.8 36.2 18.9 21.8 52.2 41.6 7.4 12.4 14.6 5.2 32.6 13.9 34.0 26.8 33.3 8.7 51.9 68.1 4.5

* Of the Gross Final Energy. ** Break in Series Between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules. Source: Eurostat, April 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

120


2.12.1 RES Shares *

ELECTRICITY AND TRANSPORT RES-E – Electricity Generation % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

RES-T – Transport**

2005 14.9

2010 19.7

2013 25.4

2014 27.5

2005 1.4

2010 4.8

2013 5.4

2014 5.9

2.4 9.3 3.7 24.6 10.5 1.1 7.2 8.2 19.1 13.7 35.8 16.3 0.0 43.0 3.8 3.2 4.4 0.0 6.3 62.4 2.7 27.7 28.8 28.7 15.7 26.9 50.9 4.1

7.1 12.7 7.5 32.7 18.1 10.4 14.5 12.3 29.8 14.8 37.6 20.1 1.4 42.1 7.4 3.8 7.1 0.0 9.6 65.7 6.6 40.7 30.4 32.2 17.8 27.7 56.0 7.4

12.4 18.9 12.8 43.1 25.3 13.0 20.8 21.2 36.7 16.8 42.2 31.3 6.6 48.8 13.1 5.3 6.6 1.6 10.0 68.0 10.7 49.1 37.5 33.1 20.8 30.9 61.8 13.8

13.4 18.9 13.9 48.5 28.2 14.6 22.7 21.9 37.8 18.3 45.3 33.4 7.4 51.1 13.7 5.9 7.3 3.3 10.0 70.0 12.4 52.1 41.7 33.9 23.0 31.4 63.3 17.8

0.2 0.3 0.5 0.2 3.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.7 0.4 0.8 0.0 1.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 2.8 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.3 1.1 0.4 3.8 0.3

4.2 1.0 4.5 0.9 6.0 0.2 2.4 1.9 4.7 6.1 0.6 4.6 2.0 3.3 3.6 2.0 5.4 0.0 3.0 8.7 6.2 5.3 3.2 2.8 4.8 3.8 7.2 3.1

4.3 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.4 0.2 4.9 1.0 0.5 7.2 2.2 4.9 1.1 3.1 4.6 3.8 5.6 3.5 4.6 7.8 6.0 0.7 4.6 3.5 5.3 9.6 17.0 4.4

4.9 5.3 6.1 5.8 6.6 0.2 5.2 1.4 0.5 7.8 2.1 4.5 2.7 3.2 4.2 5.2 6.9 4.7 5.7 8.9 5.7 3.4 3.8 2.6 6.9 21.6 19.2 4.9

* Of the Gross Final Energy. ** Break in Series Between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules. Source: Eurostat, April 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

121


2.12.1 RES Shares *

IN THE GROSS FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – EU-28 (%)

30 %

25 %

20 %

15 %

10 %

5 %

0 %

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Overall RES with Aviation Cap – All Fuels RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport

* Break in Series Between 2010 and 2011 due to the Application of the Biofuels Compliance Rules. Source: Eurostat, April 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

122


2.13 Energy Prices 2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL OIL – ALL TAXES INCLUDED Current Prices (€/litre) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2007 1.03 1.03 1.10 1.16 0.87 1.08 0.98 0.97 1.09 1.16 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.93 1.05 0.95 1.10 1.03 0.99 1.08 0.97 1.11 1.02 1.13 1.42

2010 1.14 0.98 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.10 1.22 1.24 1.07 1.14

2013 1.40 1.33 1.39 1.48 1.43 1.32 1.51 1.39 1.36 1.35

1.21 1.00 1.06 1.02 0.99 1.16 1.04 1.15 1.10 1.06 1.15 1.03 1.15 1.11 1.13 1.25 1.39

1.66 1.41 1.31 1.32 1.22 1.44 1.38 1.42 1.36 1.30 1.39 1.32 1.38 1.39 1.52 1.65 1.66

2014 1.35 1.30 1.32 1.45 1.36 1.27 1.46 1.35 1.31 1.29 1.30 1.61 1.42 1.26 1.27 1.17 1.35 1.36 1.41 1.30 1.25 1.31 1.37 1.36 1.34 1.49 1.54 1.66

2015 1.16 1.13 1.15 1.28 1.18 1.08 1.26 1.18 1.12 1.15 1.16 1.41 1.23 1.06 1.07 1.02 1.16 1.27 1.24 1.12 1.08 1.19 1.20 1.18 1.14 1.31 1.37 1.59

2016* 1.05 0.93 0.98 1.13 1.04 0.99 1.11 1.02 0.97 1.06 1.03 1.24 1.09 0.91 0.91 0.89 1.01 1.19 1.09 0.99 0.89 1.10 1.03 1.03 0.99 1.17 1.31 1.36

* Average 1 Jan −15 Jun. Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

123


2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

EURO-SUPER 95 – ALL TAXES INCLUDED Current Prices (€/litre) BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2007 1.32 1.06 1.30 1.34 0.88 1.12 1.01 1.05 1.27 1.30 0.95 0.91 0.90 1.12 1.10 1.04 1.46 1.12 1.11 1.32 1.03 1.11 1.30 1.24 1.38

2010 1.40 1.02 1.25 1.44 1.39 1.11 1.30 1.43 1.16 1.34

2013 1.58 1.32 1.40 1.68 1.60 1.31 1.59 1.69 1.43 1.54

1.36 1.04 1.09 1.18 1.16 1.22 1.19 1.49 1.19 1.13 1.37 1.06 1.20 1.25 1.43 1.34 1.36

1.75 1.38 1.35 1.38 1.34 1.41 1.47 1.74 1.39 1.31 1.58 1.28 1.49 1.49 1.64 1.67 1.58

* Average 1 Jan – 15 Jun. Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

124

2014 1.53 1.28 1.32 1.65 1.54 1.28 1.53 1.65 1.39 1.49 1.38 1.72 1.41 1.29 1.32 1.30 1.33 1.44 1.70 1.35 1.26 1.53 1.34 1.45 1.45 1.61 1.57 1.59

2015 1.37 1.10 1.15 1.50 1.40 1.11 1.37 1.48 1.23 1.36 1.26 1.54 1.23 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.16 1.36 1.56 1.20 1.11 1.43 1.20 1.29 1.29 1.47 1.41 1.54

2016* 1.24 0.96 1.02 1.40 1.28 1.03 1.26 1.36 1.13 1.29 1.16 1.42 1.13 1.05 1.04 1.07 1.04 1.30 1.45 1.09 0.96 1.36 1.07 1.17 1.18 1.36 1.39 1.35


2.13.1 Prices of Transport Fuels

CONSUMER PRICES OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS EU-28 WEIGHTED AVERAGE* (€ per LITRE) 1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Euro-Super 95 LPG

Automotive Gas Oil

Heating Gas Oil

* All Taxes Included. Uncomplete EU-28 series for the period 2005-2013 due to later accession to the EU of Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania. Source: DG Energy, Member States Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

125


2.13.2 Fuel Prices* – Domestic Consumers GAS – BAND D2 20GJ < CONSUMPTION < 200GJ – 2ND SEMESTER** €/GJ (GCV) EU-28

2008 17.22

2009 14.60

2010 15.73

2012 19.44

2014 19.97

2015 19.64


20.24 10.86 14.69 27.21 21.17 10.30 18.05

14.33 9.67 13.11 23.64 16.35 10.07 15.29

16.78 11.98 14.35 26.81 15.86 11.14 14.63

18.14 16.06 7.70 19.99

14.88 16.20 9.10 14.84

15.00 15.98 10.54 21.86

20.39 15.44 18.36 26.53 18.01 14.38 18.68 28.25 23.98 18.95 13.11 26.89

18.06 13.44 15.63 24.38 18.93 13.71 20.70 22.16 26.64 21.16 13.20 26.41

17.24 10.86 16.21 21.22 18.93 10.68 20.11 20.83 25.85 20.35 12.76 25.13

13.88 10.63 14.28 12.93

10.52 11.29 12.82 13.23

11.28 12.59 13.13 15.38

15.57 16.97 16.49 14.36

13.56 13.87 14.27 9.74

13.47 12.12 13.40 9.78

21.04 17.11 14.30 17.48 9.33 19.77 12.92

18.76 17.23 12.78 16.52 7.45 14.96 13.21

18.48 16.71 14.04 17.49 7.73 18.68 12.39

23.46 21.20 16.00 23.69 7.61 20.28 14.29

22.78 20.28 13.90 28.87 8.85 17.61 14.42

21.43 19.75 13.84 27.28 9.45 16.91 13.74

28.22 13.29

26.12 11.84

29.48 11.72

35.22 16.05

31.63 17.94

32.58 18.56

* All Taxes and levies Included. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

126


2.13.2 Fuel Prices* – Domestic Consumers ELECTRICITY – BAND DC 2 500 kWh < CONSUMPTION < 5 000 kWh 2ND SEMESTER** €/100 kWh EU-28

2008 16.63

2009 16.35

2010 17.27

2012 19.65

2014 20.56

2015 21.05


21.52 8.23 12.99 27.85 21.95 8.50 20.33 10.99 15.57 12.03 11.84 22.27 20.40 10.03 8.65 16.09 15.53 15.36 17.98 17.72 12.95 15.25 11.03 11.56 15.26 12.73 17.46 16.03

18.64 8.18 13.94 25.55 22.94 9.20 18.55 10.32 16.84 12.07 11.64 19.97 16.42 10.54 9.26 18.82 16.62 15.13 18.87 19.09 12.91 15.94 9.79 13.41 15.60 12.89 16.46 14.07

19.74 8.30 13.92 27.08 24.38 10.04 18.75 12.11 18.51 13.50 11.53 19.20 20.21 10.48 12.16 17.47 15.74 16.53 17.62 19.30 13.82 16.66 10.52 14.26 16.37 13.70 19.58 14.49

22.23 9.55 15.01 29.72 26.76 11.23 22.89 14.18 22.75 15.01 13.84 22.97 29.09 13.69 12.68 17.06 16.18 16.78 18.95 20.24 15.29 20.63 10.75 15.42 17.22 15.59 20.83 17.85

20.43 8.95 12.74 30.35 29.74 13.25 25.36 17.85 23.67 16.20 13.24 23.38 23.56 13.01 13.19 17.38 11.46 12.48 17.32 19.87 14.08 22.31 12.48 16.32 15.23 15.38 18.67 20.13

23.52 9.57 12.93 30.42 29.46 12.91 24.54 17.71 23.70 16.75 13.12 24.28 18.38 16.50 12.43 17.67 11.45 12.67 18.33 19.83 14.18 22.85 13.19 16.31 15.17 15.30 18.74 21.83

* All Taxes and levies Included. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

127


2.13.3 Fuel Prices* – Industrial Consumers GAS – BAND I3 10 000 GJ < CONSUMPTION < 100 000 GJ 2ND SEMESTER** €/GJ (GCV) EU-28

2008 10.91

2009 8.35

2010 9.16

2012 10.64

2014 10.26

2015 9.56


10.79 7.43 10.95 9.20 13.81 8.76 10.99

8.50 5.96 7.56 6.85 9.61 6.39 7.31

8.20 8.41 10.07 10.72 11.09 7.85 8.80

9.03 10.85 6.41 11.32

7.53 8.80 7.43 7.83

8.08 9.69 10.95 8.34

9.64 11.10 9.39 11.79 10.67 9.95 11.77 16.09 10.41 11.19 12.83 11.00

8.13 9.48 8.45 10.27 11.15 10.24 11.57 12.96 10.39 10.52 11.15 9.58

7.94 7.49 8.17 9.54 10.47 7.54 10.28 10.00 8.81 10.19 9.74 8.87

11.01 12.14 11.33 11.71

7.69 7.55 10.03 10.06

8.84 9.40 11.72 9.93

11.06 12.80 14.21 12.93

9.89 10.40 10.94 10.81

8.17 6.05 10.33 9.38

10.37

10.21 9.07 8.36 7.22 5.93 9.61 8.91 8.00 12.47 6.06

9.02 9.78 9.02 9.28 6.11 11.81 10.22 9.13 13.43 6.33

10.15 12.06 10.41 11.66 7.33 15.30 11.46 13.22 15.27 9.38

9.26 11.13 10.12 12.33 8.54 12.16 10.45 12.98 12.26 9.65

8.79 10.50 9.39 10.52 8.05 10.57 9.63 11.73 11.61 9.75

9.33 9.21 7.76 12.66 13.12 9.30 14.55 8.69

* Excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

128


2.13.3 Fuel Prices* – Industrial Consumers ELECTRICITY – BAND IC 500 MWh < CONSUMPTION < 2 000 MWh 2ND SEMESTER** €/100 kWh EU-28

2008 10.27

2009 10.25

2010 10.51

2012 11.58

2014 12.04

2015 11.88


9.61 6.49 11.21 10.18 10.78 6.01 14.19 9.20 10.68 6.17 9.47 15.00 18.07 7.97 8.38 9.79 12.18 16.19 10.37 10.72 9.10 9.01 9.50 9.85 12.89 6.74 7.73 10.88

10.79 6.39 11.22 9.20 11.34 6.45 11.75 9.36 11.20 6.48 9.04 13.70 14.94 8.93 7.90 11.58 12.97 12.91 11.02 11.62 9.33 9.44 8.28 9.62 14.03 6.83 6.89 10.12

10.54 6.64 10.81 9.61 11.90 7.27 11.31 10.26 10.93 7.16 9.04 14.43 17.30 9.07 10.46 10.24 10.53 18.10 9.75 11.28 9.87 9.20 8.08 10.05 11.98 6.83 8.41 10.00

11.07 7.76 10.29 9.93 12.97 8.18 13.96 12.22 11.96 7.95 9.40 17.78 23.42 11.10 11.44 10.13 9.99 18.10 9.66 11.16 9.56 11.48 7.64 9.41 12.71 7.44 7.76 11.93

10.86 7.57 8.19 9.72 15.20 9.31 13.57 12.98 11.67 9.31 9.18 17.35 19.03 11.83 11.71 9.87 8.99 17.80 8.88 10.55 8.33 11.87 8.07 8.47 11.74 7.22 6.66 13.38

10.81 7.82 7.83 9.06 14.93 9.58 13.57 11.49 11.33 9.49 9.28 15.97 14.12 11.83 9.97 8.93 8.70 13.73 8.35 10.47 8.61 11.54 8.02 8.70 11.22 7.06 5.90 15.20

* Excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies. ** Prices from second semester each year. Source: Eurostat, June 2015 Methodology and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 2

129

Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU

PART

3

PART 3 Socio-Economic Indicators in the EU


Summary 3.1

Classification of the Energy Sector�� 134 3.1.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Comparative Table�� 134

Employment�� 135 3.2.1

Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15-64 years)�� 135

3.2.2

Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors�� 136

3.2.3

Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors�� 137

Enterprises in the Energy Sector�� 138 3.3.1

Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector�� 138

3.3.2

Turnover in the Energy Sector�� 142

3.3.3

Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector 146

Economy�� 150 3.4.1

GDP at Current Market Prices�� 150

3.4.2

GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices�� 151

3.4.3

GDP at 2010 Market Prices�� 152

3.4.4

GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices�� 153

Demography�� 154 3.5.1

Population�� 154

133


3.1 Classification of the Energy Sector* 3.1.1 Comparative Table

EUROSTAT (NACE) AND UN (ISIC) CLASSIFICATIONS NACE rev 2 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 05.10: Mining of Hard Coal 05.20: Mining of Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas 06.10: Extraction of Crude Petroleum 06.20: Extraction of Natural Gas B07: Mining of Metal Ores 07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08: Other Mining and Quarrying 08.92: Extraction of Peat B09: Mining Support Service Activities 09.10: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 19.10: Manufacture of Coke Oven Products 19.20: Manufacture of Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 35.11: Production of Electricity Power Generation, Hydroelectric Power Generation, Fossil Fuel Power Generation, Nuclear Electric Power Generation, Solar Electric Power Generation, Wind Electric Power Generation, Geothermal Electric Power Generation, Biomass Electric Power Generation, Tidal 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity

05.10 05.20 06.10 06.20 07.21 08.92 09.10 19.10 19.20 35.10

35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains

35.20

35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply

35.30

* Broad Definition, The Narrow Definition only Includes Division D35. Sources: Eurostat, UN, June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

134

ISIC 4


3.2 Employment 3.2.1 Total Persons Employed in the Energy Sector (15-64 years)

MEMBER STATES DATA – EU-28 Thousands

2008

2010

2012

2014

2015

B05 Mining of coal and lignite

342.5

331.2

328.8

313.5

294.4

B06 Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas

98.9

103.8

96.3

97.6

88.5

B0892 Extraction of peat*

12.5

12.1

11.6

11.2

11.6

47.3

50.6

53.2

56.1

57.0

243.2

218.7

205.9

198.6

189.8

1 545.0

1 645.4

1 652.6

1 582.7

1 550.4

2 289.5

2 361.8

2 348.4

2 259.7

2 191.7

B091 Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction* C19 Manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products D35 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Broad Sector Total Employment**

* According to the Structural Business Survey (SBS), April 2016, and DG ENERGY estimates. ** Estimate of total employment as a sum of available and uncomplete figures presented in the table. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Sources: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

135


3.2.2 Employment Rate in all Economic Sectors

MEMBER STATES’ DATA – ALL SECTORS (15-64 YEARS) % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2000

2005 63.4

2010 64.1

2012 64.1

2014 64.9

2015 65.6

60.5 50.4 65.0 76.3 65.4 60.3 65.2 56.5 56.3 62.4 62.4

61.1 55.8 64.8 75.9 65.5 64.8 67.6 59.6 63.6 63.8 63.8 55.0 57.6 68.5 62.1 62.9 63.6 56.9 53.6 73.2 67.4 52.8 67.3 57.6 66.0 57.7 68.4 72.3

62.0 59.8 65.0 73.3 71.3 61.2 59.6 59.1 58.8 64.0 64.0 57.4 56.8 68.9 58.5 57.6 65.2 54.9 56.2 74.7 70.8 58.9 65.3 60.2 66.2 58.8 68.1 72.1

61.8 58.8 66.5 72.6 73.0 67.1 58.8 50.8 55.8 64.0 64.0 53.5 56.6 64.6 63.0 62.0 65.8 56.7 59.1 74.4 71.4 59.7 61.4 60.2 64.1 59.7 69.4 73.8

61.9 61.0 69.0 72.8 73.8 69.6 61.7 49.4 56.0 64.3 64.3 54.6 55.7 62.1 66.3 65.7 66.6 61.8 62.4 73.1 71.1 61.7 62.6 61.0 63.9 61.0 68.7 74.9

61.8 62.9 70.2 73.5 74.0 71.9 63.3 50.8 57.8 64.2 55.8 56.3 62.7 68.1 67.2 66.1 63.9 63.9 74.1 71.1 62.9 63.9 61.4 65.2 62.7 68.5 75.5 72.7

53.7 57.6 59.1 62.0 56.3 54.0 72.9 68.5 55.0 68.4 63.0 62.8 56.8 67.2 71.8

Sources: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

136


3.2.3 Unemployment Rate in all Economic Sectors*

MEMBER STATES’ DATA – ALL SECTORS % EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2000 8.9

2005 9.0

2010 9.6

2012 10.5

2014 10.2

2015 9.4

6.9 16.4 8.8 4.3 7.9 14.6 4.3 11.2 11.9 8.6 15.8 10.0 4.8 14.3 16.4 2.2 6.3 6.7 3.7 3.9 16.1 5.1 7.6 6.7 18.9 9.8 5.6 5.4

8.5 10.1 7.9 4.8 11.2 8.0 4.4 10.0 9.2 8.9 13.0 7.7 5.3 10.0 8.3 4.6 7.2 6.9 5.9 5.6 17.9 8.8 7.1 6.5 16.4 8.4 7.7 4.8

8.3 10.3 7.3 7.5 7.0 16.7 13.9 12.7 19.9 9.3 11.7 8.4 6.3 19.5 17.8 4.6 11.2 6.9 5.0 4.8 9.7 12.0 7.0 7.3 14.5 8.4 8.6 7.8

7.6 12.3 7.0 7.5 5.4 10.0 14.7 24.5 24.8 9.8 16.0 10.7 11.9 15.0 13.4 5.1 11.0 6.3 5.8 4.9 10.1 15.8 6.8 8.9 14.0 7.7 8.0 7.9

8.5 11.4 6.1 6.6 5.0 7.4 11.3 26.5 24.5 10.3 17.3 12.7 16.1 10.8 10.7 6.0 7.7 5.8 7.4 5.6 9.0 14.1 6.8 9.7 13.2 8.7 7.9 6.1

8.5 9.2 5.1 6.2 4.6 6.2 9.4 24.9 22.1 10.4 16.3 11.9 15.0 9.9 9.1 6.4 6.8 5.4 6.9 5.7 7.5 12.6 6.8 9.0 11.5 9.4 7.4 5.3

* Percentage of active population. Sources: Eurostat, Labour Force Survey (LFS), April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

137


3.3 Enterprises in the Energy Sector 3.3.1 Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY – EU-28 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1: Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2: Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3: Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Total

2012 218

2013 236

2014* 190

395

416

427

4 921

5 917

5 917

965

1 050

1 050

1 153

1 108

1 091

70 066

78 601

85 665

63 000 57 739 229 2 223 3 050 1 815 287

70 000 65 958 327 2 070 3 472 1 857 341

80 000

787

726

735 4 980

785 5 000

5 000

5 000

73 722

82 333

* Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

138

1 947

5 030

89 345


3.3.1 Number of Enterprises in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

2008 298

2008 315

2010 222

2013 236

2014* 190

0 7 0

23 12 0 6 0

0 24 12 0 5 0

0 24 11 0 5 0

4 110 10 0

48 6 1

56 0

25 0 0

0 44 0 38 2

0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 48 0 35 2

0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 57 0 35 1

0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 58 0 32 1

0

0

0

0 0

22

23

20

0 23

0 3 0 0 12 0

9 10 4 1

4 61 7 5 0 0 4 0 10 0 45 2 28 0 10 1

2010 314

2013 416

2014* 427

0 7 5 9 4 1

0 6 5 10 4 2

0 7 5 11 4 2

0

4 32 4 3 0 1 4 0 13 0 48 2 54 0 21 1 0 0

105

98

58 4 12 0 1 4 0 10 0 45 2 52 0 34 1 0 158

18 50 4 0 1 4 0 9 0 43 3 55 0 38 1 0 0 145

* Provisional data. Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

139



ENTERPRISES SURVEY Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction (B09.1)

Extraction of Peat (B08.92) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 1 011

2010 936

2013 917

2014

0

0 10

0 10

0 3

4 74 39

2 83 42

0 8 7 49 0 10 0

0 6 23 0 12 0 49 24 0 15 0 7 7 45 0 8 0

0 5 21 0 4 0 50 25 0 15 0 7 6 34 0 5 0

519 87 24

463 82 25

473 73 21

7 90 38

6 2 0 0 54 20 0

2008 830

2010 896

2013 1 050

2014

4

6

3 87 41

47

35

11 5 52

12 5 55

0

0 0

0

0

5 19 0

24 8

36 7

48 45 6 42

52 4

0 65 26 0

0 0 0 0 29

0 0 0 0 40

1 0 0 35

1 0 0 32

103 6 52 1 93 3

116 8 90 1 91 3

201 8 92 2 90 4

228 9 107 3 105 2

0 39 267

0 45 270

0 58 286

0

0 6 5 34 0 5 0 467 20

Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Sources: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

140

284



ENTERPRISES SURVEY Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 1 274

2010 1 168

2013 1 108

2014 1 091

21 22 4 86 9

22 17 28 5 95 5

17 10 33 4 80 7

15 13 33 3 85 5

7 13 88 19 353

7 18 52 17 328

48 14 56 15 297

44 10 50 14

3 5 0 10

13 6 0 9

10 7 0 14

12 8 0 10

37 5 158 5 33 5

42 4 165 8 54 3

38 4 175 17 42 7

43 5 175 17 47 5

13 44 245

15 45 170

17 40 134

18 131

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35) 2008 2010 33 758 52 106

2013 78 601

2014 85 665

618 1 784 8 446 1 845 1 974 226 231 32 13 867 20 756 513 10 169

693 1 743 10 414 1 784 2 058 226

5 12 004 3 866 133 2 472 1 279 213 60 542

301 1 091 3 267 1 681 1 722 223 236 10 13 098 14 337 234 4 028 4 381 253 67 611

480 1 214 74 675

506 1 434 82 668

558 1 512 1 788 665 506 417 203 722 1 528 478

678 1 878 2 047 730 885 648 294 736 1 828 651

950 2 256 2 546 925 1 345 1 526 430 816 2 287 2 577

1 191 2 271 2 583 941 1 501 1 570 487 849 2 454 3 285

583 1 264 1 692 1 589 181

32 14 244 24 883 560

Italics: DG Energy Estimations. Source: Eurostat, Structural Business Statistics Survey (SBS), April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

141


3.3.2 Turnover in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY – EU-28 Mio EUR 2012 2013 2014 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite 15 212.1 13 282.4 11 589.6 B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and 181 263.9 172 599.5 152 571.6 Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat 1 738.1 1 749.8 1 700.0 B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and 15 381.2 16 389.7 17 838.4 Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and 685 390.3 606 176.5 519 748.1 Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and 1 560 892.2 1 539 990.8 1 457 077.3 Air Conditioning Supply D35.1: Electricity 1 225 601.7 1 233 856.6 1 181 972.4 35.11: Production of Electricity 342 340.4 335 039.1 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 67 410.9 68 751.2 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 232 246.6 237 541.8 35.14: Trade of Electricity 583 603.9 592 524.5 D35.2: Gas 294 658.2 265 273.3 236 891.2 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 6 032.1 5 794.6 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels 84 839.8 83 482.4 through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains 203 784.0 175 988.6 D35.3: Steam and Air Conditioning 40 632.3 40 860.9 38 213.7 35.30: Steam and 40 632.3 40 860.9 38 213.7 Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Total

2 459 877.8 2 350 188.7 2 160 525.0


142



ENTERPRISES SURVEY Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05)

Mio EUR 2008 2010 2013 2014 EU-28 16 674.9 15 273.8 13 282.4 11 589.6 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

0.0 326.6

0.0 0.0 331.1 287.5 307.9 2 811.7 2 097.4 1 608.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 015.8 3 921.4 2 387.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 82.0 858.2 47.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.2 0.0 0.0 7 212.1 0.0 485.1

0.0

595.6

433.8 0.0

445.7 0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 13.1 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 974.2 6 669.3 5 910.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 357.9 102.0 32.8

0.0

1 024.8 1 112.4

0.0

0.0 0.0

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06) 2008 2010 2013 2014 176 436.0 146 788.7 172 599.5 152 571.6

40.9

0.0 25.5

0.0 80.7

0.0 55.2

9 239.9 7 049.9 6 823.6 5 669.7 3 829.2 2 762.1 3 431.5 3 259.2

77.9 851.0

79.7 728.4

108.0 729.1

115.6 372.1

48 042.4 46 241.0 63 194.3 63 194.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.2 68.5 77.1 73.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 89.1 81.1 135.1 51.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37 828.5 34 861.9 46 068.0 36 275.5 175.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 472.7 4 191.4 5 051.5 4 902.7

0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0

0.0 0.0 65 153.9 44 979.9 41 147.4 33 686.0


143




Extraction of Peat (B08.92) Mio EUR 2008 2010 2013 EU-28 1 651.4 1 837.0 1 749.8 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

0.0

0.0 0.6

0.0 1.7

2014

2008 2010 2013 2014 13 587.4 14 661.9 16 389.7 17 838.4

0.0 1.1 358.5

348.8 71.5

417.5 77.3

413.4 79.8

0.0 10.5 74.2 0.0 11.8 0.0 101.4 39.9 0.0 3.2 0.0

0.0 9.1 63.3 0.0 2.6 0.0 132.6 58.5 0.0 3.0 0.0

0.0 0.3 0.0

2.7 49.3 0.0 0.7 0.0

2.7

39.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 460.1 38.3

554.4 30.7

494.2 40.8 80.2

11.6

0.0 0.0 32.5 0.0 0.0

412.6 88.6

0.0

1.2

377.5

409.9

0.0 0.0

0.0 0.0

0.0

9.2 67.7 0.0

60.1

226.1

486.2

330.3 256.3 490.0

0.0 142.9 57.0 0.0

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 146.1

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.8

0.0 0.0 130.0

0.0 0.0 116.2

11.3 213.9

13.6 377.7

35.6 424.9

34.3 420.7

0.0 0.8 0.0

973.4

874.0

796.4

757.6

502.0

0.0

0.0

301.7

0.0

73.3

0.0 0.0 168.6 149.8 7 537.0 8 374.6 9 101.7 9 786.9


144

1.2 46.3



ENTERPRISES SURVEY Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Mio EUR 2008 2010 2013 2014 EU-28 547 992.2 524 276.7 606 176.5 519 748.1 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35) 2008

48 074.1 60 047.0 56 368.4 4 558.3

4 837.5

2013

2014

43 772.3 44 457.8 39 494.2 7 313.3

5 021.9

2010

1 149 803.8 1 352 488.8 1 539 990.8 1 457 077.3

7 279.0

7 993.7

8 083.2

4 943.2

30 927.4 37 371.0 45 257.8 38 780.3

134 361.4 120 831.6 140 054.5 131 075.1

357 896.1 426 881.7 581 264.4 560 482.1

20 410.1 20 377.5 26 655.8 24 828.6 179.9

178.0

297.0

280.8

17 296.6 15 339.6 19 688.0 18 761.4

1 542.3 5 977.0

1 833.5

2 245.2

6 706.4

8 090.1

2 013.6

5 942.7 12 353.6 11 724.2

44 349.3 34 773.4 52 243.3 47 980.4

74 338.8 59 705.8 93 620.4 94 965.9

69 128.4 61 248.1 53 048.3 47 136.7

106 500.6 109 648.6 119 162.0 112 204.8

48 947.8 46 037.6 51 131.3 48 320.3

156 801.7 160 950.4 212 610.2 176 491.3

3 147.9

0.6

6.6

3 684.4

4 336.7

4 364.6

738.2

782.3

2 390.8

2 310.5

2 819.9

2 313.5

2 690.3

3 279.1

3 234.6

2 772.4

2 252.1

1 951.3

4 133.7

3 844.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

9 384.0

8 297.8

8 728.3

8 160.6

26 852.9 22 059.2 18 953.1 16 682.5

37 272.3 52 344.4 50 694.6

38 660.1 41 196.8 38 759.4 34 983.0

9 698.2

8 938.3

27 553.5 29 297.1 38 505.7 34 508.0

28 312.7 27 575.0 34 880.3 32 743.8

44 091.4 42 566.6 46 297.7 44 063.7

4 112.9

8 253.7

9 659.7

8 510.9

16 854.6 16 166.0 21 552.4 21 669.9

3 272.0

4 323.3

4 747.4

13 180.6 12 077.5 12 671.6 12 404.1

14.6

8.1

3 580.0

4 034.3

5 949.9

5 535.5

11 021.1 11 351.0 12 834.5 10 725.6 12 012.3 14 454.6 13 630.5 13 074.4 1 526.2 49 837.4 44 763.5 57 903.5 52 334.0

24 823.9 28 485.9 30 323.3 27 032.0 107 875.7 109 515.1 130 805.0 138 730.6


145


3.3.3 Number of Persons Declared as Employed in the Energy Sector

ENTERPRISES SURVEY – EU-28 B05: Mining of Coal and Lignite B06: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas B07.21: Mining of Uranium and Thorium Ores B08.92: Extraction of Peat B09.1: Support Activities for Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction C19: Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products D35: Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply D35.1: Electricity 35.11: Production of Electricity 35.12: Transmission of Electricity 35.13: Distribution of Electricity 35.14: Trade of Electricity D35.2: Gas 35.21: Manufacture of Gas 35.22: Distribution of Gaseous Fuels through Mains 35.23: Trade of Gas through Mains D35.3: Steam and Air Conditioning 35.30: Steam and Air Conditioning Supply Broad Sector – Total

2012 215 100

2013 194 900

2014 176 697

79 200

77 000

79 149

11 600

11 200

11 600

53 200

56 100

56 994

127 500

119 600

117 211

1 227 300

1 216 300

1 205 645

916 800 438 800 52 400 327 700 97 900 158 100 7 600

916 300 457 800 54 800 309 700 94 000 152 300 8 800

916 448 457 874 54 809 309 750 94 015 144 535 8 351

106 800

102 700

97 464

43 800 152 300

40 800 147 700

38 720 144 662

152 300

147 700

144 662

1 713 900

1 675 100

1 647 296


146



ENTERPRISES SURVEY Mining of Coal and Lignite (B05) 2008 2010 2013 2014 EU-28 253 883 231 167 194 900 176 697 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

0 13 905 0 38 415 0 159 7 311

13 269 24 265 0 33 672 0

6 105 28

2013 77 000

2014 79 149

0

0

0

444 3 544

566 3 754

971 3 764

1 030 3 972

215

242 814

672

13 047 0 0 351 0 36 0 3 076

12 116 0 1 252 0 75 0 3 173

12 354 0 15 269 0 82 0 3 627

0 2 213

0 38 538

0 30 546

0 25 680 1

0 0 3 777

0

0 0

0

13 405

15 300

143 63

0 12 132 19 972 0 20 164 0

4 012

3 666 0 0

0

0 18 0 0 121 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 111 243 0 0 0 0 0 0 124 925 116 760 0 0 18 011 5 758

0 138 338 0 20 804

2008 2010 88 205 81 574

0 12 534 21 595 0 22 511 0

0

0

0

0

5 944

6 023

5 421

Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas (B06)

0 0 0 0 143 0 0 0

355

12 354 0 19 255 0 80 0 3 831 714 0 25 246

0 0


147




Extraction of Peat (B08.92) EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

2008 2010 12 537 12 080 0

2013 11 200

2014

0 52

0 107

0 33

2 003 1 153

1 844 1 076

2 015 1 042

0 48 248 0 12 0 1 977 1 126 0 116 0 22

2008 2010 47 333 50 570

2013 56 100

2014 56 994

14 421

38

38 642 1 995

1 716 1 912 1 276

711 0 41 0

0 26 0

0 34 195 0 17 0 2 081 1 091 0 94 0 110 29 532 0 29 0

1 735 358 634

1 845 306 355

2 044 311 29

57

0 0 1 970 1 229 0 0 36

0

0 0

0 0

0

32 203 0

224

1 815

375 2 563 1 819

0 2 136 1 154 0

0 0 0 0 1 275

0 0 0 0 1 089

1 0 0 1 190

1 0 0 1 079

2 270 19 2 181

27 4 082

88 5 118

106 5 146

0 27 0

9 882

6 267

7 526 69

7 388

2 091

0

0

0 77

0 77

274

18 489

22 879

0 104 27

217 110


148

2 044



ENTERPRISES SURVEY

EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products (C19)

Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply (D35)

2008 2010 2013 2014 135 372 128 671 119 600 117 211

2008 2010 2013 2014 1 243 616 1 235 936 1 216 300 1 205 645

4 091 2 926

2 747

4 453 2 208 2 173

19 611 1 330

19 452 1 406

19 269 1 644

22 593 1 668

4 557 8 823

4 333 8 954 15 095

3 945 8 855

3 522 8 644

16 383

16 493

13 292

12 953

9

12

30

41

0 6 538

0 6 329

0 6 106

0 5 923

6 652

5 908

16 606

13 623 1 887 3 960

5 213 1 124 13 220 1 990 2 516 34

5 422 1 145 13 224 1 794 2 657

5 017 93

2 748 9 998

4 401 2 129 2 053

19 193 20 181 20 907 36 197 34 191 32 809 32 573 32 652 31 480 33 495 33 849 13 206 11 235 11 265 14 308 221 450 221 264 219 936 228 179 6 290 5 681 5 218 5 097 9 206 10 316 23 955 22 834 20 481 20 336 47 622 48 687 38 974 38 514 170 194 181 335 190 297 16 849 16 619 15 472 14 739 84 224 86 414 87 908 85 398 2 347 2 470 12 185 10 907 11 109 10 624 18 303 15 876 13 781 13 912 1 091 1 196 1 435 1 470 27 387 25 715 24 608 24 782 23 869 22 882 27 056 27 153 28 218 28 685 29 402 29 297 153 286 162 409 139 998 136 068 10 151 9 386 8 913 8 703 89 511 81 111 77 393 76 016 7 828 8 207 8 942 9 069 21 641 20 034 17 885 18 104 13 430 13 463 13 729 13 645 31 151 31 115 31 264 31 148 121 447 123 965 129 496 129 335


149


3.4 Economy 3.4.1 GDP at Current Market Prices Mrd EUR* EU-28

1995 7 282.7

2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 2015 9 561.5 11 517.0 12 793.5 13 546.8 13 965.0 14 632.6


221.4 11.0 45.5 141.4 1 982.1 2.9 52.9 104.7 468.9 1 231.4 17.1 895.3 7.6 4.1 5.1 16.7 35.3 2.8 341.6 183.9 108.7 91.0 28.8 16.3 15.3 102.7 201.8 946.3

258.2 14.3 66.6 178.0 2 116.5 6.2 108.4 143.0 646.3 1 485.3 23.6 1 239.3 10.8 8.6 12.5 23.2 51.2 4.4 448.1 213.2 186.4 128.5 40.8 21.9 22.3 136.3 281.9 1 686.0

311.5 24.0 109.4 212.9 2 300.9 11.3 170.0 199.2 930.6 1 772.0 36.5 1 489.7 14.9 13.7 21.0 29.7 90.5 5.1 545.6 253.0 244.8 158.7 80.2 29.2 39.2 164.4 313.2 1 945.6

365.1 37.7 156.4 241.5 2 580.1 14.7 166.2 226.0 1 080.9 1 998.5 45.0 1 604.5 19.1 17.8 28.0 39.5 98.2 6.6 631.5 294.6 361.7 179.9 126.7 36.3 67.4 187.1 369.1 1 813.3

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million €. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

150

392.7 41.9 156.9 255.2 2 820.8 19.0 179.4 180.4 1 031.3 2 115.3 43.5 1 604.5 18.1 22.8 35.0 46.5 101.3 7.7 650.9 322.9 394.6 170.3 144.3 35.9 73.8 203.3 435.8 2 042.9

400.4 42.8 154.7 260.6 2 915.7 20.0 189.0 177.6 1 041.2 2 140.0 43.0 1 611.9 17.4 23.6 36.4 48.9 104.2 8.1 662.8 329.3 410.9 173.4 150.2 37.3 75.6 205.3 430.6 2 254.3

409.4 44.2 163.9 266.2 3 025.9 20.5 214.6 176.0 1 081.2 2 181.1 43.9 1 636.4 17.4 24.4 37.1 52.1 108.7 8.8 678.6 337.3 427.7 179.4 160.4 38.5 78.1 207.2 444.6 2 569.0


3.4.2 GDP per Capita at Current Market Prices Thousand EUR/cap* EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 15.1

2000 19.6

2005 23.3

2010 25.4

2013 26.7

2014 27.5

2015 28.8

21.9 1.3 4.4 27.1 24.3 2.0 14.7 9.9 11.9 20.8 3.7 15.8 11.8 1.7 1.4 41.1 3.4 7.7 22.1 23.2 2.8 9.1 1.3 8.2 2.8 20.1 22.9 16.3

25.2 1.7 6.5 33.4 25.8 4.4 28.7 13.3 16.1 24.5 5.2 21.8 15.6 3.6 3.6 53.5 5.0 11.6 28.2 26.6 4.9 12.5 1.8 11.0 4.1 26.3 31.8 28.7

29.8 3.1 10.7 39.3 27.9 8.3 41.3 18.2 21.5 28.2 8.5 25.7 20.4 6.1 6.3 64.5 9.0 12.8 33.5 30.8 6.4 15.1 3.8 14.6 7.3 31.4 34.8 32.3

33.7 5.1 14.9 43.6 31.5 11.0 36.5 20.3 23.3 30.9 10.5 27.1 23.3 8.4 8.9 78.7 9.8 15.9 38.1 35.3 9.5 17.0 6.2 17.7 12.5 35.0 39.5 29.0

35.2 5.8 14.9 45.6 34.4 14.4 39.1 16.4 22.1 32.2 10.2 26.9 20.9 11.3 11.8 86.7 10.2 18.2 38.8 38.2 10.4 16.2 7.2 17.4 13.6 37.5 45.6 32.0

35.7 5.9 14.7 46.3 36.1 15.2 41.0 16.2 22.4 32.5 10.1 26.5 20.3 11.8 12.4 89.0 10.6 19.0 39.4 38.7 10.8 16.6 7.5 18.1 14.0 37.7 44.6 35.0

36.4 6.1 15.6 47.0 37.3 15.6 46.4 16.2 23.3 32.8 10.4 26.9 20.6 12.3 12.7 92.6 11.0 20.5 40.2 39.3 11.3 17.3 8.1 18.7 14.4 37.9 45.6 39.6

* 1 000 €' per Capita. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

151


3.4.3 GDP at 2010 Market Prices Mrd EUR* EU-28

1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 2015 9 631.0 11 130.3 12 234.5 12 793.5 12 981.1 13 165.3 13 425.1


270.1 24.0 104.7 194.3 2 145.1 7.9 76.5 158.8 710.5 1 535.1 29.8 1 409.1 11.7 9.5 14.6 22.5 69.3 4.3 448.7 218.6 190.9 136.9 84.0 22.6 35.2 123.4 251.4 1 321.6

311.5 24.4 114.4 225.4 2 358.7 10.6 123.6 189.9 867.9 1 771.7 35.3 1 555.6 14.2 12.3 18.3 30.2 80.4 5.4 554.7 253.7 246.7 167.1 83.0 27.9 41.9 158.1 299.7 1 547.8

340.8 32.4 138.7 241.0 2 426.5 15.0 159.8 229.8 1 025.4 1 923.2 44.0 1 629.9 16.9 18.2 26.4 35.0 99.2 6.0 592.8 276.3 287.3 174.5 109.8 33.3 53.4 179.6 341.2 1 778.2

365.1 37.7 156.4 241.5 2 580.1 14.7 166.2 226.0 1 080.9 1 998.5 45.0 1 604.5 19.1 17.8 28.0 39.5 98.2 6.6 631.5 294.6 361.7 179.9 126.7 36.3 67.4 187.1 369.1 1 813.3

* Units in Milliard – Long Scale = 1 000 Million €. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

152

372.3 38.9 157.2 243.5 2 693.3 16.9 173.2 184.3 1 024.6 2 055.5 43.4 1 540.9 17.6 20.2 32.0 41.9 100.1 7.2 632.1 306.2 390.7 167.6 133.5 35.1 71.4 187.7 382.5 1 911.3

377.1 39.5 160.3 246.6 2 736.4 17.4 182.2 185.5 1 038.6 2 068.6 43.3 1 535.6 17.2 20.7 32.9 43.7 103.8 7.5 638.5 307.3 403.5 169.1 137.4 36.2 73.2 186.4 391.2 1 965.8

382.3 40.7 167.0 249.5 2 782.6 17.6 196.4 185.1 1 072.0 2 095.0 44.0 1 547.2 17.4 21.3 33.5 45.8 106.8 7.9 651.2 309.9 418.2 171.6 142.6 37.2 75.8 187.4 407.6 2 011.6


3.4.4 GDP per Capita at 2010 Market Prices Thousand EUR/cap* EU-28 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 20.0

2000 22.9

2005 24.7

2010 25.4

2013 25.6

2014 26.0

2015 26.4

26.7 2.8 10.1 37.3 26.3 5.5 21.3 15.1 18.1 25.9 6.4 24.8 18.2 3.8 4.0 55.4 6.7 11.7 29.1 27.5 4.9 13.7 3.7 11.4 6.6 24.2 28.5 22.8

30.4 3.0 11.1 42.3 28.7 7.6 32.7 17.6 21.7 29.3 7.8 27.3 20.5 5.1 5.2 69.8 7.9 14.2 35.0 31.7 6.4 16.3 3.7 14.0 7.8 30.6 33.8 26.3

32.6 4.2 13.6 44.5 29.4 11.0 38.9 20.9 23.7 30.6 10.2 28.2 23.1 8.1 7.9 75.9 9.8 14.8 36.4 33.7 7.5 16.6 5.1 16.7 9.9 34.3 37.9 29.5

33.7 5.1 14.9 43.6 31.5 11.0 36.5 20.3 23.3 30.9 10.5 27.1 23.3 8.4 8.9 78.7 9.8 15.9 38.1 35.3 9.5 17.0 6.2 17.7 12.5 35.0 39.5 29.0

33.4 5.3 14.9 43.5 32.8 12.8 37.7 16.7 21.9 31.3 10.2 25.8 20.3 10.0 10.8 78.1 10.1 17.1 37.7 36.2 10.3 16.0 6.7 17.1 13.2 34.6 40.0 29.9

33.7 5.5 15.2 43.8 33.9 13.2 39.6 17.0 22.3 31.4 10.2 25.3 20.0 10.3 11.2 79.4 10.5 17.6 37.9 36.1 10.6 16.2 6.9 17.6 13.5 34.2 40.6 30.5

34.0 5.6 15.8 44.1 34.3 13.4 42.4 17.0 23.1 31.5 10.4 25.4 20.6 10.7 11.5 81.3 10.8 18.5 38.5 36.1 11.0 16.5 7.2 18.0 14.0 34.3 41.8 31.0

* 1 000 €' 2010 per Capita. Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

153


3.5 Demography 3.5.1 Population

ON 1ST JANUARY Thousand 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 2015 Inhabitants EU-28 481 600.4 486 830.0 494 598.3 503 170.6 506 663.7 506 944.1 508 450.9 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

10 130.6 8 427.4 10 333.2 5 215.7 81 538.6 1 448.1 3 597.6 10 536.0 39 343.1 59 315.1 4 658.9 56 844.4 645.4 2 500.6 3 643.0 405.7 10 336.7 369.5 15 424.1 7 943.5 38 580.6 10 008.7 22 712.4 1 989.5 5 356.2 5 098.8 8 816.4 57 943.5

10 239.1 8 190.9 10 278.1 5 330.0 82 163.5 1 401.3 3 777.6 10 775.6 40 049.7 60 545.0 4 497.7 56 923.5 690.5 2 381.7 3 512.1 433.6 10 221.6 380.2 15 864.0 8 002.2 38 263.3 10 249.0 22 455.5 1 987.8 5 398.7 5 171.3 8 861.4 58 785.2

10 445.9 7 688.6 10 198.9 5 411.4 82 500.8 1 358.9 4 111.7 10 969.9 43 296.3 62 772.9 4 310.9 57 874.8 733.1 2 249.7 3 355.2 461.2 10 097.5 402.7 16 305.5 8 201.4 38 173.8 10 494.7 21 382.4 1 997.6 5 372.7 5 236.6 9 011.4 60 182.1

10 839.9 7 421.8 10 462.1 5 534.7 81 802.3 1 333.3 4 549.4 11 119.3 46 486.6 64 658.9 4 302.8 59 190.1 819.1 2 120.5 3 142.0 502.1 10 014.3 414.0 16 575.0 8 351.6 38 022.9 10 573.5 20 294.7 2 047.0 5 390.4 5 351.4 9 340.7 62 510.2

Source: DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO, April 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 3

154

11 161.6 7 284.6 10 516.1 5 602.6 82 020.6 1 320.2 4 591.1 11 003.6 46 727.9 65 600.4 4 262.1 59 685.2 865.9 2 023.8 2 971.9 537.0 9 908.8 421.4 16 779.6 8 451.9 38 062.5 10 487.3 20 020.1 2 058.8 5 410.8 5 426.7 9 555.9 63 905.3

11 204.0 7 245.7 10 512.4 5 627.2 80 767.5 1 315.8 4 605.5 10 926.8 46 512.2 65 889.1 4 246.8 60 782.7 858.0 2 001.5 2 943.5 549.7 9 877.4 425.4 16 829.3 8 506.9 38 017.9 10 427.3 19 947.3 2 061.1 5 415.9 5 451.3 9 644.9 64 351.2

11 258.4 7 202.2 10 538.3 5 659.7 81 197.5 1 313.3 4 628.9 10 858.0 46 449.6 66 415.2 4 225.3 60 795.6 847.0 1 986.1 2 921.3 563.0 9 855.6 429.3 16 900.7 8 576.3 38 005.6 10 374.8 19 870.6 2 062.9 5 421.3 5 471.8 9 747.4 64 875.2

Environment Indicators in the EU

4

PART

PART 4 Environment Indicators in the EU


Summary 4.1

4.2

Gases Emissions�� 158 4.1.1

GHGs Emissions�� 158

EU-28 and Member States – Total�� 158

EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion �� 159

EU-28 and Member States – Other Than Fuel Combustion �� 160

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion�� 161

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion�� 162

4.1.2

CO 2 Emissions�� 163

EU-28 and Member States – Total�� 163

EU-28 and Member States – Fuel Combustion�� 164

EU-28 and Member States – Other Than Fuel Combustion �� 165

EU-28 – Total and Fuel Combustion�� 166

EU-28 – Other Than Fuel Combustion�� 167

Main Emissions Indicators�� 168 4.2.1

CO 2 per Capita�� 168

4.2.2

Carbon GDP Intensity�� 169

157


4.1 Gases Emissions 4.1.1 GHGs Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES – TOTAL Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 5 399.3 100.0 %

2000 5 283.8 97.9 %

2005 5 347.0 99.0 %

2010 4 914.4 91.0 %

2013 4 602.1 85.2 %

2014 4 419.2 81.8 %

156.9 74.4 158.7 80.4 1 133.4 20.0 61.0 113.4 333.0 557.7 24.6 539.2 7.9 12.9 21.7 10.7 76.2 2.8 239.8 81.2 446.0 73.0 183.4 18.8 54.8 72.8 75.5 769.0

153.9 58.5 151.5 73.4 1 060.3 17.1 71.2 130.2 395.3 568.8 27.1 562.6 9.2 10.5 18.8 10.7 74.2 3.0 230.2 82.1 393.0 86.0 140.9 19.2 50.0 71.1 70.8 744.0

148.4 63.2 149.7 69.3 1 012.8 18.4 72.9 138.4 450.5 570.6 31.3 588.1 10.2 11.6 22.4 14.4 76.7 3.2 225.5 94.8 397.9 90.5 147.0 20.6 51.6 70.9 68.9 727.3

137.5 60.3 141.1 66.0 963.6 20.0 64.6 120.8 373.6 530.7 29.2 517.9 10.4 12.6 20.2 13.5 66.2 3.4 224.1 87.0 407.7 73.1 117.5 19.7 46.7 77.6 67.1 642.1

123.3 55.4 131.6 57.9 969.1 21.8 60.6 107.2 340.8 502.8 25.3 448.2 8.8 11.7 19.3 12.4 58.0 3.3 205.6 82.0 395.0 67.8 110.5 18.4 43.0 65.3 58.2 598.9

117.9 57.7 126.8 53.9 924.8 21.2 60.5 104.3 342.7 475.4 24.8 428.0 9.2 11.6 19.2 12.0 57.7 3.3 198.0 78.3 382.0 67.6 110.4 16.7 40.8 61.1 56.7 556.7

* GHG emissions without LULUCF, with indirect CO2 and including international aviation. Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_18 June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

158


4.1.1 GHGs Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES – FUEL COMBUSTION

Fuel Combustion Activities

Energy Industries

Manufacturing Industries and Construction

Transport

Commercial/ Institutional

Residential

Agriculture/ Forestry/ Fisheries

Other Sectors

Other Combustion and Fugitive Emissions

2014

82.3 43.1 95.0 36.8 762.3 18.7 35.0 75.2 238.1 319.6 17.8 339.8 6.0 6.9 10.9 9.4 40.3 2.5 153.8 51.4 309.4 44.0 76.3 13.3 27.0 44.4 39.3 425.4

20.5 29.0 53.2 15.5 346.3 14.9 11.1 45.9 75.7 39.4 4.6 99.8 2.9 1.7 3.2 0.7 13.2 1.6 64.1 9.7 160.4 14.5 25.1 4.4 7.2 19.4 9.3 152.2

13.3 2.8 10.0 4.2 119.7 0.7 4.3 5.5 40.4 60.0 2.6 52.0 0.7 0.7 1.1 1.1 4.2 0.0 24.2 10.5 30.0 7.7 13.8 1.6 7.3 8.5 7.8 57.5

25.2 8.5 17.2 12.1 161.1 2.3 11.3 17.6 79.9 131.0 5.7 104.9 1.8 3.0 5.1 6.1 11.2 0.6 30.4 22.2 44.2 15.7 15.6 5.4 6.5 11.1 17.9 115.5

4.9 0.3 2.5 0.8 32.7 0.1 1.8 0.6 8.7 24.1 0.5 20.9 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 2.9 0.1 7.2 2.0 7.9 1.1 2.1 0.3 1.6 1.0 0.7 20.1

15.8 1.0 6.6 1.6 85.2 0.3 5.7 3.9 16.4 48.6 1.8 45.7 0.3 0.6 0.8 1.0 6.5 0.1 15.7 5.6 37.2 2.2 7.1 0.8 2.9 1.7 1.1 61.9

1.9 0.5 1.3 1.9 5.7 0.3 0.6 0.5 12.0 12.7 0.6 7.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.5 0.0 9.5 0.9 10.8 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 1.4 1.5 4.7

0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.2 2.0

0.6 1.0 4.0 0.4 10.5 0.0 0.0 1.2 5.0 4.0 2.0 8.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.9 0.0 2.4 0.5 18.9 1.6 11.4 0.4 1.5 0.1 0.8 11.4

Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 3 323.9 1 245.6 492.4 889.1 146.1 377.9 78.9 6.5 87.3 Share (%) 75.22 % 28.19 % 11.14 % 20.12 % 3.31 % 8.55 % 1.79 % 0.15 % 1.98 % BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

Source: EEA_UNFCCC v_18 June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

159



EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION


Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_18 June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

160

International aviation

Indirect CO2

Waste and Others

Agriculture

Million ton CO2 equiv. EU-28 Share (%)

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

2014

373.4 434.9 145.7 4.1 137.1 8.45 % 9.84 % 3.30 % 0.09 % 3.10 % 19.8 4.7 15.3 2.1 61.0 0.7 2.9 12.4 37.7 40.0 0.0 30.3 1.4 0.8 3.1 0.6 6.1 0.2 11.1 16.1 29.9 6.1 10.9 1.1 8.9 6.0 6.4 34.9

9.9 5.1 8.3 10.6 66.1 1.3 18.8 8.7 37.4 78.9 0.0 30.3 0.6 2.7 3.9 0.7 6.5 0.1 18.4 7.1 30.2 7.2 16.8 1.7 3.1 6.5 7.1 44.6

1.8 4.2 5.1 1.3 10.8 0.3 1.5 5.1 15.7 19.5 0.0 18.2 0.5 0.8 1.1 0.0 4.3 0.2 3.6 1.8 10.8 7.2 5.8 0.5 1.6 2.2 1.5 18.9

0.0 0.0 2.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

4.1 0.5 0.9 2.7 24.6 0.1 2.3 2.9 13.8 16.5 0.0 9.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.3 0.5 0.3 10.9 2.0 1.8 3.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 1.9 2.3 32.9



Transport


Residential

1 658.9 1 622.3 1 583.0 1 515.8 1 525.1 1 522.0 1 552.4 1 504.8 1 521.9 1 478.6 1 510.6 1 551.0 1 567.7 1 618.9 1 604.4 1 597.1 1 608.7 1 616.6 1 541.4 1 417.3 1 441.2 1 417.5 1 411.8 1 337.0 1 245.6

864.1 819.2 761.8 733.5 734.0 750.2 738.7 731.9 699.7 678.6 686.3 662.0 645.0 655.4 652.1 642.1 637.0 638.4 609.2 510.4 544.6 531.2 510.7 502.5 492.4

784.5 791.2 814.9 819.7 825.2 838.3 864.5 876.1 903.7 922.8 918.1 931.9 942.5 952.3 972.2 971.2 978.1 987.4 966.9 940.8 936.9 925.5 889.8 884.0 889.1

203.1 212.4 195.2 193.3 180.2 184.3 201.1 186.2 184.9 185.1 177.8 193.1 180.8 181.5 185.6 185.7 190.1 168.3 188.3 180.2 189.1 169.8 166.6 168.7 146.1

523.2 565.6 531.5 547.4 512.6 515.7 563.4 529.2 517.1 503.0 488.0 523.3 502.0 516.2 507.2 503.9 494.1 441.5 473.4 459.8 497.6 419.7 441.9 445.2 377.9

95.4 94.8 92.0 95.4 94.9 94.4 96.9 94.1 91.2 91.2 89.0 89.1 87.4 87.9 88.4 88.8 85.8 82.5 83.9 81.8 84.4 82.9 81.4 81.9 78.9

Other Sectors


4 354 4 313 4 176 4 098 4 054 4 087 4 193 4 091 4 074 4 008 4 014 4 089 4 061 4 146 4 137 4 112 4 112 4 048 3 973 3 693 3 795 3 646 3 600 3 515 3 324


Energy Industries

5 735 5 635 5 461 5 366 5 344 5 399 5 510 5 415 5 375 5 270 5 284 5 331 5 285 5 377 5 380 5 347 5 342 5 288 5 178 4 805 4 914 4 759 4 691 4 602 4 419


(without LULUCUF, with ind. CO2)

Million ton CO2 equiv. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

GHG's Emissions

EU-28 – TOTAL AND FUEL COMBUSTION

23.4 19.4 16.7 14.6 14.2 13.5 11.9 12.0 11.5 10.3 9.5 8.6 8.7 9.3 10.3 9.9 9.6 10.0 8.9 8.3 7.8 7.7 6.9 6.9 6.5

GHGs EMISSIONS – EU-28 – TOTAL AND FUEL COMBUSTION (MILLION ton CO2 EQUIV.) 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

GHG’s Emissions (without LULUCUF, with ind. CO2) Fuel Combustion Activities Energy Industries Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_18 June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

Manufacturing Industries and Construction Transport Commercial/Institutional

Residential Agriculture/ Forestry/Fisheries Other Sectors

161



547.8 519.2 496.5 483.4 476.8 477.9 479.1 476.9 473.1 470.6 463.9 457.3 450.6 446.1 445.3 438.6 437.3 439.2 436.3 431.1 426.9 426.9 424.4 428.1 434.9

243.3 247.6 247.9 248.1 247.8 249.5 249.2 246.8 244.2 239.8 237.1 232.7 229.2 222.6 213.3 206.5 200.6 193.7 185.4 176.6 169.2 163.4 158.5 150.8 145.7

8.3 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.1


Waste and Other

512.2 478.1 458.7 450.5 476.9 492.0 492.3 498.4 475.0 435.1 446.6 431.2 427.1 440.6 454.7 452.9 449.4 459.9 436.4 368.3 386.6 382.4 369.8 368.7 373.4

Indirect CO2

Agriculture

Million ton CO2 equiv. 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use

EU-28 – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION

69.6 68.2 73.8 78.0 81.3 86.0 90.1 94.3 101.6 109.6 115.9 114.2 111.4 116.0 124.8 131.7 137.6 142.1 142.9 132.2 132.1 135.9 134.4 135.0 137.1

GHGs EMISSIONS – EU-28 – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION (MILLION ton CO2 EQUIV.) 600 500 400 300 200 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Industrial Processes and Solvent Use Waste and Others International Aviation


162

Agriculture Indirect CO2


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES – TOTAL Million ton CO2 EU-28 Index 1995 BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK

1995 4 295.9 100.0 % 128.4 58.3 133.6 64.6 952.8 18.0 37.0 89.6 272.9 410.9 17.7 452.9 6.7 9.2 15.1 9.8 61.9 2.6 181.3 65.5 364.7 56.2 127.9 15.3 44.7 59.2 60.8 578.5

2000 2005 4 285.6 4 425.8 99.8 % 103.0 % 131.0 45.3 129.3 57.5 918.3 15.2 47.0 105.5 321.7 429.9 20.4 473.2 8.0 7.2 11.9 9.8 59.0 2.8 182.3 68.0 319.9 67.9 94.5 15.5 41.2 58.2 56.7 588.5

128.7 50.7 128.3 54.8 888.6 16.5 50.5 115.6 380.7 441.6 24.2 500.0 8.8 8.0 14.1 13.5 61.1 3.0 188.7 81.5 324.3 71.6 101.6 17.0 42.7 58.3 55.8 595.7

2010 4 070.8 94.8 %

2013 3 784.4 88.1 %

2014 3 603.7 83.9 %

118.3 48.1 119.2 52.1 856.2 17.9 43.9 99.1 296.3 406.4 21.9 438.3 8.8 8.9 13.8 12.6 52.8 3.0 193.0 74.6 338.0 55.2 80.3 16.4 38.4 65.6 55.2 536.3

105.6 43.0 109.7 44.6 861.0 19.7 39.1 85.4 265.4 382.1 19.1 371.3 7.2 7.7 13.2 11.4 44.4 2.8 176.1 69.9 324.2 50.4 73.9 15.2 35.5 53.9 47.1 505.4

100.4 45.6 104.3 40.6 817.2 19.0 38.9 82.5 267.1 352.6 18.4 352.2 7.7 7.5 13.0 11.1 44.1 2.8 168.8 66.2 312.5 50.3 74.0 13.6 33.5 49.6 45.7 464.6

* CO2 emissions without LULUCF, with indirect CO2 and including international aviation. Source: EEA, UNFCCC v_18 June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

163


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES – FUEL COMBUSTION

Other Sectors

Other Combustion and Fugitive Emissions

1.7 0.5 1.2 1.8 5.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 11.8 11.6 0.6 6.8 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.0 8.6 0.8 9.7 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.1 1.4 1.5 4.1

0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.2 2.0

0.1 0.0 0.2 0.3 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0 3.0 0.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.2 4.5 1.4 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.7 4.3

80.7 20.3 13.1 24.9 41.5 28.9 2.7 8.4 89.6 52.9 10.0 16.5 36.0 15.4 4.2 12.0 745.2 341.2 118.7 159.5 18.4 14.9 0.7 2.2 34.4 11.0 4.3 11.2 73.3 45.8 5.4 17.3 233.4 74.9 39.7 79.0 313.3 39.1 59.5 129.3 16.0 4.6 2.5 5.7 326.5 99.2 50.8 103.7 5.9 2.9 0.7 1.8 6.5 1.7 0.7 2.9 10.3 3.1 1.1 5.0 9.3 0.7 1.1 6.0 38.8 13.1 4.2 11.0 2.5 1.6 0.0 0.6 150.9 63.7 24.1 30.1 50.3 9.6 10.4 22.0 288.9 159.5 29.7 43.5 42.9 14.4 7.6 15.5 64.3 25.0 13.7 15.4 12.7 4.4 1.6 5.3 25.1 7.1 7.2 6.4 43.4 19.1 8.3 11.0 38.0 8.8 7.6 17.7 413.5 151.0 56.6 114.3


164


27.7 0.8 %

Transport

6.4 0.2 %


73.1 2.0 %

Energy Industries



3 211.7 1 234.0 486.3 878.3 144.8 361.2 89.1 % 34.2 % 13.5 % 24.4 % 4.0 % 10.0 %


Million ton CO2 EU-28 Share (%)

Residential

2014

4.9 0.2 2.5 0.7 32.6 0.1 1.8 0.6 8.6 24.0 0.5 20.5 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.4 2.8 0.1 7.1 2.0 7.8 1.1 2.1 0.3 1.6 1.0 0.7 20.0

15.5 0.7 6.0 1.5 84.3 0.2 5.6 3.8 15.4 46.9 1.4 42.4 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 6.2 0.1 15.3 5.3 34.1 1.9 5.9 0.7 2.7 1.4 0.7 61.0


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

EU-28 AND MEMBER STATES – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION

10.2 0.3 %

3.5 0.1 %

4.1 0.1 %

135.8 3.8 %

15.3 3.6 11.2 1.2 44.8 0.5 1.7 6.3 19.4 18.3 2.0 15.7 1.0 0.6 2.4 0.5 4.4 0.0 6.9 13.8 20.5 4.2 9.0 0.8 8.1 3.9 5.3 16.9

0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 2.9 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.6 1.9 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.4

0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3

0.0 0.0 2.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0

4.1 0.5 0.9 2.7 24.3 0.1 2.2 2.8 13.6 16.3 0.3 9.4 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.5 0.3 10.8 2.0 1.7 3.0 0.6 0.1 0.1 1.9 2.3 32.6


238.3 6.6 %

Indirect CO2

Waste and Others


Agriculture

Million ton CO2 EU-28 Share (%)

Industrial Processes and Product Use

2014


165


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

Transport


Residential

1 649.1 1 612.7 1 573.5 1 506.7 1 515.8 1 512.5 1 542.6 1 495.3 1 512.2 1 469.1 1 500.9 1 540.9 1 557.5 1 608.0 1 593.4 1 586.2 1 597.4 1 605.1 1 530.0 1 406.1 1 429.4 1 405.5 1 399.5 1 324.8 1 234.0

856.5 811.9 754.7 726.6 727.2 743.1 731.7 724.9 692.6 671.6 679.4 654.9 637.8 648.0 644.5 634.6 629.6 630.9 602.0 504.3 538.2 524.9 504.5 496.3 486.3

770.1 777.1 800.4 804.9 809.7 821.8 847.0 858.2 885.5 905.5 902.9 917.4 928.8 939.0 959.2 959.1 966.2 975.5 955.5 930.0 926.1 914.8 879.2 873.4 878.3

200.5 210.3 193.6 191.7 178.9 182.9 199.7 184.8 183.6 183.7 176.4 191.7 179.5 180.2 184.3 184.3 188.7 166.9 186.8 178.7 187.5 168.3 165.1 167.3 144.8

501.1 542.0 509.8 525.1 492.3 495.6 542.0 509.3 498.4 484.8 471.1 506.4 486.5 499.7 491.4 487.3 477.1 424.3 454.8 441.2 477.7 402.8 423.6 426.8 361.2

90.5 90.0 87.1 90.2 89.6 89.2 91.6 88.7 86.1 86.0 83.9 84.0 82.3 82.7 83.2 83.5 80.5 77.2 78.3 76.2 78.5 76.9 75.3 75.8 73.1

Other Sectors


4 120.5 4 091.2 3 964.3 3 888.3 3 856.0 3 888.4 3 996.4 3 902.8 3 897.3 3 837.9 3 851.7 3 930.7 3 908.2 3 995.0 3 993.2 3 973.0 3 978.2 3 918.9 3 844.3 3 571.1 3 671.9 3 527.2 3 479.5 3 398.6 3 211.7


Energy Industries

4 539 4 478 4 340 4 262 4 249 4 296 4 400 4 316 4 315 4 254 4 286 4 351 4 325 4 426 4 443 4 426 4 439 4 389 4 296 3 949 4 071 3 928 3 866 3 784 3 604


Million ton CO2 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

(without LULUCUF with ind. CO2)

EU-28 – TOTAL AND FUEL COMBUSTION CO2 Emissions

22.8 18.9 16.4 14.3 14.0 13.3 11.7 11.8 11.3 10.2 9.3 8.5 8.5 9.1 10.1 9.6 9.3 9.8 8.7 8.1 7.7 7.6 6.8 6.8 6.4

CO2 EMISSIONS – EU-28 – TOTAL AND FUEL COMBUSTION (MILLION ton CO2) 4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000

Fuel Combustion Activities Manufacturing Industries and Construction Commercial/Institutional

Agriculture/ Forestry/Fisheries Energy Industries Transport

Residential Other Sectors

1 500 1 000 500 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0


166


4.1.2 CO2 Emissions

13.9 11.7 10.3 9.9 9.9 11.1 11.0 11.4 10.8 10.5 10.3 10.1 10.0 10.0 9.7 9.2 9.0 9.2 8.9 9.2 8.9 9.3 9.3 10.0 10.2

5.4 5.5 5.5 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.6 4.0 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.5

8.3 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.1 7.1 7.0 6.6 6.3 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.1 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.1


321.5 294.3 278.9 273.0 289.6 299.5 291.8 297.5 295.7 286.7 298.9 287.3 286.4 296.5 307.4 303.8 306.4 311.7 292.2 230.0 250.8 249.0 235.7 234.3 238.3

Indirect CO2

Waste and Others

Million ton CO2 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Agriculture

EU-28 – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION Industrial Processes and Product Use

69.0 67.5 73.1 77.3 80.6 85.2 89.3 93.5 100.7 108.6 114.8 113.1 110.4 114.9 123.7 130.5 136.4 140.8 141.6 131.0 130.9 134.6 133.1 133.8 135.8

CO2 EMISSIONS – EU-28 – OTHER THAN FUEL COMBUSTION (MILLION ton CO2) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

0

Industrial Processes and Product Use Waste and Others International Aviation

Agriculture Indirect CO2


167


4.2 Main Emissions Indicators 4.2.1 CO2 per Capita kg CO2/cap EU-28 Index 1995

1995 8 920.1 100.0 %


12 677.8 6 912.9 12 924.6 12 376.8 11 685.3 12 435.5 10 271.1 8 502.3 6 937.6 6 926.8 3 795.2 7 966.9 10 382.2 3 692.3 4 155.8 24 043.9 5 987.0 7 152.6 11 751.9 8 249.5 9 452.2 5 612.5 5 630.1 7 707.5 8 350.0 11 616.0 6 891.2 9 984.4

2000 2005 8 803.0 8 948.3 98.7 % 100.3 % 12 795.6 5 528.5 12 584.3 10 782.0 11 176.6 10 851.9 12 443.8 9 791.4 8 032.3 7 100.9 4 532.4 8 312.7 11 546.1 3 015.1 3 380.4 22 603.5 5 774.1 7 254.1 11 489.7 8 494.0 8 361.0 6 627.3 4 209.3 7 811.7 7 631.4 11 252.7 6 393.6 10 010.4

12 320.0 6 590.7 12 578.0 10 122.9 10 771.1 12 126.0 12 289.2 10 537.6 8 792.3 7 034.6 5 614.2 8 639.8 12 017.7 3 553.4 4 198.2 29 215.8 6 052.3 7 408.2 11 573.4 9 943.3 8 495.1 6 822.3 4 751.6 8 509.9 7 951.8 11 137.9 6 190.6 9 897.6

2010 8 090.3 90.7 %

2013 7 469.2 83.7 %

2014 7 108.7 79.7 %

10 917.3 6 480.0 11 395.1 9 417.4 10 466.9 13 460.9 9 657.7 8 914.2 6 373.5 6 285.5 5 098.2 7 405.3 10 795.0 4 196.8 4 380.8 25 113.4 5 272.1 7 232.6 11 642.5 8 930.1 8 890.0 5 217.4 3 957.9 8 029.6 7 132.1 12 254.2 5 905.7 8 578.7

9 462.6 5 897.5 10 430.8 7 951.9 10 497.8 14 887.9 8 522.0 7 759.5 5 680.6 5 825.2 4 472.6 6 220.7 8 345.2 3 818.0 4 441.2 21 320.0 4 482.6 6 618.6 10 496.3 8 274.2 8 518.7 4 806.6 3 689.8 7 393.4 6 555.2 9 925.8 4 932.7 7 908.1

8 959.1 6 292.7 9 918.2 7 216.1 10 117.8 14 473.0 8 436.1 7 546.4 5 742.8 5 351.8 4 340.5 5 794.7 8 922.3 3 761.3 4 405.3 20 142.9 4 463.2 6 618.6 10 031.8 7 786.5 8 221.1 4 824.1 3 709.0 6 580.4 6 179.6 9 097.8 4 735.2 7 220.1

Source: EA_UNFCCC v_18 June 2016; DG ECFIN-AMECO database June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

168


4.2.2 Carbon GDP Intensity ton CO2/M€'10 EU-28 Index 1995

1995 446 100.0 %

2000 385 86.3 %

2005 362 81.1 %

2010 318 71.3 %

2013 292 65.4 %

2014 274 61.4 %


475.5 2 429.0 1 275.4 332.2 444.2 2 274.1 482.9 564.2 384.2 267.7 592.4 321.4 572.0 968.1 1 038.1 434.2 892.8 612.0 404.0 299.7 1 910.7 410.4 1 521.4 677.6 1 269.9 480.0 241.7 437.8

420.6 1 853.8 1 130.7 255.0 389.3 1 428.9 380.3 555.6 370.6 242.7 577.7 304.2 562.5 585.7 648.0 324.0 733.9 511.5 328.6 267.9 1 297.0 406.4 1 139.1 556.8 983.4 368.1 189.1 380.2

377.7 1 563.3 925.1 227.3 366.2 1 099.2 316.3 503.1 371.2 229.6 550.5 306.8 520.3 439.7 532.8 385.1 615.9 499.6 318.3 295.2 1 128.7 410.3 925.5 510.9 799.8 324.7 163.5 335.0

324.1 1 274.9 762.4 215.8 331.9 1 219.4 264.4 438.5 274.1 203.4 487.4 273.2 462.5 500.8 491.1 319.0 537.7 453.7 305.6 253.1 934.4 306.6 633.7 453.4 570.5 350.5 149.5 295.7

283.7 1 104.3 697.9 182.9 319.7 1 161.9 225.9 463.3 259.1 185.9 438.9 241.0 410.3 382.0 413.0 273.0 443.8 387.4 278.6 228.4 830.0 300.7 553.5 433.4 497.0 286.9 123.2 264.4

266.2 1 154.1 650.5 164.7 298.6 1 094.0 213.3 444.5 257.2 170.5 426.0 229.4 445.8 363.6 393.8 253.7 424.8 377.1 264.4 215.6 774.6 297.4 538.4 374.8 457.5 266.0 116.7 236.4

Source: EA_UNFCCC v_18 June 2016; DG ECFIN-AMECO database June 2016 Methodology and Notes: See Annex 13 – No 4

169

Country Profiles

PART

5

PART 5 Country Profiles


Summary 5.0

EU-28 European Union 28�� 174

5.1

BE Belgium�� 176

5.2

BG Bulgaria�� 178

5.3

CZ Czech Republic�� 180

5.4

DK Denmark�� 182

5.5

DE Germany�� 184

5.6

EE Estonia�� 186

5.7

IE Ireland�� 188

5.8

GR Greece�� 190

5.9

ES Spain�� 192

FR 5.10 France�� 194 HR 5.11 Croatia�� 196 IT 5.12 Italy�� 198 CY 5.13 Cyprus�� 200 LV 5.14 Latvia�� 202 LT 5.15 Lithuania�� 204 LU 5.16 Luxembourg�� 206 HU 5.17 Hungary�� 208 MT 5.18 Malta�� 210 NL 5.19 Netherlands�� 212 AT 5.20 Austria�� 214 PL 5.21 Poland�� 216 PT 5.22 Portugal�� 218 RO 5.23 Romania�� 220 SI 5.24 Slovenia�� 222 SK 5.25 Slovakia�� 224 FI 5.26 Finland�� 226 SE 5.27 Sweden�� 228 UK 5.28 United Kingdom�� 230 Sources: ESTAT – Database – June 2016; EEA – UNFCCC Database – June 2016; ECFIN – AMECO Database – June 2016; ESTAT – SHARES – Feb. 2016; ESTAT – CHP Survey – June 2015; ESTAT – Market Survey – Apr. 2016

173


5.0 European Union 28 Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 969.1 Solid Fuels 279.8 of which Hard Coal 174.9 Petroleum and Products 180.8 of which Crude and NGL 172.3 Gases 191.5 of which Natural Gas 191.0 Nuclear 227.3 Renewables 84.1 Wastes, Non-Renewable 5.7 Net Imports 736.6 Solid Fuels 78.4 of which Hard Coal 76.6 Petroleum and Products 510.6 of which Crude and NGL 471.2 Gases 145.6 of which Natural Gas 145.6 Renewables 0.3 Electricity 1.8 Gross Inland Consumption 1 674.7 Solid Fuels 365.0 of which Hard Coal 257.6 Petroleum and Products 654.4 of which Crude and NGL 645.3 Gases 336.1 of which Natural Gas 335.7 Nuclear 227.3 Renewables 84.4 Electricity 1.8 Wastes, Non-Renewable 5.7 Primary Energy Consumption 1 567.4 Available for Final Consumption 1 192.6 Final Non-Energy Consumption 107.3 Final Energy Consumption 1 082.7 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 83.0 Petroleum and Products 466.1 Gases 247.6 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 43.3 Solar 0.3 Geothermal 0.4 Electricity 194.1 Derived heat 46.3 Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.6 by Sector Industry 331.7 Transport 306.9 Households 285.3 Services 114.2 Agriculture and Fishing 32.5 Other 12.2

2000 951.9 214.6 120.7 180.0 169.9 209.4 209.2 243.8 97.9 6.1 827.2 98.4 94.3 533.0 501.1 193.5 193.5 0.3 2.0 1 730.0 321.3 221.5 662.3 673.5 396.2 396.0 243.8 98.3 2.0 6.1 1 617.7 1 243.1 112.2 1 132.8

2005 914.3 196.0 100.1 142.5 129.9 190.8 190.7 257.5 119.6 7.8 980.6 125.4 122.7 598.4 564.1 254.1 254.1 1.5 1.4 1 831.0 318.1 220.4 679.9 694.1 445.3 445.2 257.5 121.0 1.4 7.8 1 712.6 1 314.6 118.5 1 191.3

2010 849.6 164.8 74.7 109.6 94.3 159.8 159.8 236.6 167.9 11.0 954.2 111.7 111.0 558.1 522.9 278.0 278.0 5.8 0.6 1 763.7 282.8 191.7 611.7 617.8 447.3 447.2 236.6 173.7 0.6 11.0 1 656.6 1 277.1 107.1 1 163.8

2013 804.7 156.5 64.8 85.1 69.7 132.0 132.0 226.3 192.8 12.0 908.5 126.3 126.0 523.2 499.7 252.6 252.6 5.1 1.1 1 666.7 286.2 195.3 555.7 567.7 387.4 387.3 226.3 197.9 1.1 12.2 1 569.2 1 207.2 97.5 1 106.6

2014 786.1 150.0 61.5 84.5 68.0 117.3 117.3 226.1 195.8 12.4 880.9 122.5 122.1 520.1 495.4 231.1 231.1 5.6 1.3 1 605.9 268.5 179.7 553.2 563.7 342.9 342.9 226.1 201.2 1.3 12.6 1 506.5 1 160.9 99.4 1 061.7

61.9 490.5 267.7 48.0 0.4 0.4 217.4 45.3 1.0

53.9 503.8 281.3 57.5 0.7 0.4 239.5 52.7 1.5

49.9 458.8 272.6 79.9 1.5 0.4 244.4 53.7 2.7

47.8 426.8 258.7 80.7 1.8 0.5 238.3 49.0 3.0

46.6 423.0 229.3 79.0 1.9 0.5 232.7 45.5 3.3

333.5 344.9 290.9 121.2 29.5 12.7

328.1 369.4 308.8 144.0 29.0 11.9

287.8 364.6 317.0 157.7 26.4 10.3

278.7 348.2 298.2 150.9 25.5 5.1

274.8 352.9 263.2 141.2 24.7 4.8

Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

174


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 618.5 681.1 758.0 883.9 960.8 977.7 Combustible Fuels 353.3 391.5 435.1 487.9 484.5 482.5 Nuclear 128.4 136.6 135.0 131.7 123.0 123.5 Hydro 133.5 139.0 143.4 147.6 150.1 150.3 Wind 2.4 12.7 40.4 84.6 118.1 129.1 Solar PV 0.0 0.2 2.3 29.4 79.7 86.8 Geothermal 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Other Sources 0.1 0.2 0.9 0.9 2.1 2.2 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 2 743.6 3 035.8 3 325.4 3 366.4 3 270.6 3 190.7 Solid Fuels 945.9 933.9 960.3 829.5 875.7 808.7 Petroleum and Products 230.3 181.3 142.8 86.9 61.0 57.4 Gases 294.4 513.1 704.0 799.4 542.2 490.1 Nuclear 880.8 945.0 997.7 916.6 876.8 876.3 Renewables 382.6 448.6 495.7 710.4 889.1 930.9 Wastes, non-RES 8.7 12.1 14.2 19.2 21.2 22.6 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 108.5 113.0 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 395.4 382.0 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 11.8 % 11.7 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 3 041.8 2 899.3 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 300 387 337 138 357 841 343 450 326 545 330 493 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 138 159 134 043 115 286 91 771 79 224 79 000 Gas/Diesel Oil 123 436 153 117 186 005 195 506 191 392 195 107 Final Consumption Biofuels 216 709 3 198 13 102 12 939 14 007 Biogasoline 24 58 574 2 805 2 659 2 657 Biodiesel 187 636 2 470 10 259 10 275 11 342 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 173.9 155.4 149.7 137.9 128.4 122.0 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 477.3 3 553.6 3 702.1 3 505.2 3 289.6 3 167.9 Final Electricity per Capita 4 688.2 5 194.7 5 631.0 5 648.3 5 469.1 5 338.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 162.7 145.3 140.0 129.5 120.9 114.4 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 43.1 % 46.7 % 52.2 % 52.6 % 53.1 % 53.5 % of Solid Fuels 21.5 % 30.6 % 39.4 % 39.5 % 44.1 % 45.6 % of Hard Coal 29.7 % 42.6 % 55.7 % 57.9 % 64.5 % 67.9 % of Petroleum Fuels 74.1 % 75.7 % 82.1 % 84.5 % 87.4 % 87.4 % of Crude and NGL 73.0 % 74.4 % 81.3 % 84.6 % 88.0 % 87.9 % of Natural Gas 43.4 % 48.9 % 57.1 % 62.2 % 65.2 % 67.4 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.0 % 12.8 % 15.0 % 16.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 10.8 % 14.8 % 16.6 % 17.7 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 14.9 % 19.7 % 25.4 % 27.5 % RES-T – Transport 1.4 % 4.8 % 5.4 % 5.9 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 4 295.9 4 285.6 4 425.8 4 070.8 3 784.4 3 603.7 GHGs Emissions* 5 399.3 5 283.8 5 347.0 4 914.4 4 602.1 4 419.2 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 920.1 8 803.0 8 948.3 8 090.3 7 469.2 7 108.7 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 565.3 2 477.2 2 417.1 2 308.1 2 270.6 2 244.0 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 446.1 385.0 361.7 318.2 291.5 273.7 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

175


5.1 Belgium Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 11.83 0.31 0.31 0.00

2000 13.61 0.21 0.21 0.00

2005 13.72 0.06 0.06 0.01

2010 16.15

2013 15.54

2014 13.21

0.00 0.80

0.00 0.91

0.00 0.99

0.00 0.00 10.67 0.44 0.41 46.64 9.42 8.90 26.37 26.18 10.42 10.42 0.09 0.35 53.83 8.65 8.21 22.61 26.23 10.61 10.61 10.67 0.53 0.35 0.41 48.01 39.91 5.82 34.43

0.00 0.00 12.42 0.53 0.44 50.53 7.33 6.56 29.45 34.04 13.28 13.28 0.10 0.37 59.33 8.03 7.26 24.06 33.97 13.37 13.37 12.42 0.64 0.37 0.44 52.41 44.88 6.92 37.64

12.28 0.88 0.50 53.46 5.27 4.96 32.55 31.77 14.82 14.82 0.28 0.54 59.08 5.20 4.91 24.67 31.92 14.73 14.73 12.28 1.16 0.54 0.50 51.37 44.45 7.71 36.59

12.37 2.24 0.74 53.59 3.73 3.72 32.45 33.11 16.79 16.79 0.57 0.05 61.17 3.81 3.71 24.41 33.13 16.99 16.99 12.37 2.80 0.05 0.74 53.90 46.53 7.27 38.64

11.00 2.91 0.72 48.53 3.22 3.10 29.46 27.91 14.47 14.47 0.56 0.83 56.52 3.37 3.31 22.73 27.89 14.40 14.40 11.00 3.47 0.83 0.72 48.65 43.83 7.87 36.16

8.69 2.86 0.66 47.07 3.37 3.08 28.94 32.57 12.75 12.75 0.50 1.51 53.37 3.29 2.97 23.25 32.53 12.60 12.60 8.69 3.36 1.51 0.66 44.98 42.48 8.39 34.05

3.33 16.03 8.52 0.35 0.00

3.40 16.54 10.01 0.41 0.00

2.03 16.46 10.01 0.64 0.00

1.63 16.38 11.17 1.51 0.01

5.89 0.23 0.09

6.67 0.49 0.12

6.90 0.43 0.12

7.16 0.64 0.14

1.58 15.12 10.01 1.70 0.02 0.00 7.03 0.56 0.15

1.66 14.68 8.45 1.62 0.02 0.00 6.93 0.52 0.16

11.99 8.57 9.30 3.46 1.10 0.00

14.22 9.66 9.47 3.48 0.78 0.03

11.78 9.89 9.93 4.15 0.81 0.03

12.89 10.53 9.24 5.04 0.86 0.08

11.78 9.70 8.98 4.89 0.76 0.05

11.68 10.03 7.39 4.26 0.65 0.04


176


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 14.92 15.69 16.10 18.69 20.98 20.92 Combustible Fuels 7.88 8.55 8.71 9.52 8.91 8.61 Nuclear 5.63 5.71 5.80 5.93 5.93 5.93 Hydro 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.43 1.43 1.43 Wind 0.01 0.01 0.17 0.91 1.79 1.93 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.90 2.92 3.02 Geothermal 0.00 0.00 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.00 0.00 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 74.41 84.01 87.03 95.19 83.53 72.69 Solid Fuels 16.52 12.92 8.20 4.20 3.01 2.23 Petroleum and Products 1.31 0.80 1.74 0.41 0.16 0.22 Gases 12.94 19.09 25.14 33.18 23.07 21.46 Nuclear 41.36 48.16 47.60 47.94 42.64 33.70 Renewables 1.56 2.28 3.42 7.85 12.97 13.40 Wastes, non-RES 0.72 0.77 0.66 1.36 1.32 1.27 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.89 2.58 2.34 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 7.36 15.20 12.67 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 8.5 % 16.0 % 15.2 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 75.86 0.00 27.14 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 8 440 9 537 9 745 10 019 9 170 9 448 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 977 2 359 1 815 1 235 1 169 1 268 Gas/Diesel Oil 4 283 5 416 6 496 7 347 6 679 6 799 Final Consumption Biofuels 363 340 397 Biogasoline 57 52 39 Biodiesel 306 288 357 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 199.3 190.5 173.4 167.5 151.8 141.5 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5 313.7 5 794.6 5 655.5 5 642.9 5 063.9 4 763.2 Final Electricity per Capita 6 756.6 7 573.1 7 677.9 7 685.6 7 323.7 7 190.4 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 177.8 168.3 150.7 147.6 130.7 119.3 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 80.8 % 78.1 % 80.1 % 77.9 % 77.4 % 80.1 % of Solid Fuels 108.9 % 91.3 % 101.3 % 97.9 % 95.3 % 102.3 % of Hard Coal 108.5 % 90.4 % 100.9 % 100.2 % 93.7 % 103.9 % of Petroleum Fuels 99.6 % 100.2 % 100.8 % 101.4 % 102.0 % 101.1 % of Crude and NGL 99.8 % 100.2 % 99.5 % 99.9 % 100.1 % 100.1 % of Natural Gas 98.2 % 99.3 % 100.6 % 98.8 % 100.5 % 101.2 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 2.3 % 5.5 % 7.5 % 8.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 3.4 % 5.8 % 7.5 % 7.8 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 2.4 % 7.1 % 12.4 % 13.4 % RES-T – Transport 0.2 % 4.2 % 4.3 % 4.9 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 128.43 131.01 128.69 118.34 105.62 100.38 GHGs Emissions* 156.94 153.92 148.39 137.46 123.26 117.93 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 677.8 12 795.6 12 320.0 10 917.3 9 462.6 8 959.1 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 385.9 2 208.2 2 178.4 1 934.7 1 868.7 1 880.9 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 475.5 420.6 377.7 324.1 283.7 266.2 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

177


5.2 Bulgaria Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 10.27 5.29 0.97 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 4.46 0.42 0.00 12.83 2.42 2.35 5.87 7.39 4.56 4.56 -0.01 -0.01 22.69 7.62 3.21 5.63 7.41 4.58 4.58 4.46 0.41 -0.01 0.00 21.46 12.93 1.23 11.42

2000 9.87 4.30 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.01 4.70 0.78 0.01 8.54 2.26 2.25 3.94 5.18 2.74 2.74 0.00 -0.40 18.52 6.43 2.23 4.07 5.25 2.93 2.93 4.70 0.78 -0.40 0.01 17.54 9.99 0.98 9.11

2005 10.70 4.18 0.00 0.13 0.03 0.38 0.38 4.83 1.12 0.06 9.28 2.55 2.49 4.94 5.84 2.46 2.46 -0.03 -0.65 19.75 6.90 2.63 4.72 5.98 2.80 2.80 4.83 1.10 -0.65 0.06 18.91 10.56 0.85 10.19

2010 10.53 4.94 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.06 0.06 3.96 1.50 0.01 7.08 1.70 1.67 4.03 5.37 2.13 2.13 -0.06 -0.73 17.77 6.89 1.89 3.89 5.41 2.30 2.30 3.96 1.46 -0.73 0.01 17.35 8.79 0.42 8.84

2013 10.59 4.79 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.23 0.23 3.67 1.83 0.01 6.36 0.97 0.96 3.70 5.50 2.23 2.23 -0.01 -0.53 16.76 5.93 1.08 3.47 5.48 2.40 2.40 3.67 1.81 -0.53 0.01 16.29 8.69 0.46 8.78

2014 11.32 5.12 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.16 0.16 4.11 1.84 0.02 6.15 0.93 0.89 3.87 4.95 2.22 2.22 -0.06 -0.81 17.73 6.40 1.20 3.87 4.99 2.36 2.36 4.11 1.79 -0.81 0.02 17.22 8.95 0.51 9.01

1.26 2.93 1.79 0.18

0.88 3.03 1.68 0.55

2.47 2.80 0.00

2.09 0.88 0.01

0.98 3.72 1.57 0.69 0.00 0.03 2.21 0.94 0.05

0.41 3.13 1.06 0.91 0.01 0.03 2.33 0.96 0.01

0.37 2.78 1.16 1.13 0.02 0.03 2.37 0.91 0.01

0.32 3.06 1.20 1.07 0.02 0.03 2.38 0.90 0.02

6.01 1.85 2.47 0.19 0.38 0.51

3.97 2.01 2.16 0.65 0.31 0.01

4.04 2.90 2.12 0.82 0.30 0.00

2.56 2.86 2.25 0.99 0.19 0.00

2.59 2.79 2.25 0.97 0.19 0.00

2.62 3.11 2.17 0.93 0.19 0.00


178


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 1.98 11.09 12.26 10.03 11.59 Combustible Fuels 0.00 5.67 6.68 4.58 4.70 Nuclear 0.00 3.53 2.72 1.89 1.98 Hydro 1.98 1.88 2.85 3.05 3.20 Wind 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.49 0.68 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 1.02 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 41.79 40.92 44.37 46.65 43.78 Solid Fuels 17.32 16.94 18.46 22.61 19.39 Petroleum and Products 1.44 0.66 0.61 0.39 0.23 Gases 3.45 2.18 1.90 1.97 2.34 Nuclear 17.26 18.18 18.65 15.25 14.17 Renewables 2.31 2.95 4.74 6.42 7.64 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.2 1.0 1.2 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.7 3.7 3.7 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 6.1 % 8.0 % 8.5 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 50.4 40.4 40.4 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 776 1 804 2 624 2 608 2 399 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 161 707 571 611 442 Gas/Diesel Oil 278 779 1 416 1 441 1 387 Final Consumption Biofuels 13 104 Biogasoline 8 Biodiesel 10 96 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 946.0 758.3 609.4 471.2 430.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 692.3 2 261.4 2 569.3 2 394.8 2 300.2 Final Electricity per Capita 3 404.2 2 960.7 3 344.7 3 651.8 3 779.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 894.6 718.2 583.2 460.0 418.8 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 55.9 % 46.0 % 46.7 % 39.6 % 37.7 % of Solid Fuels 31.8 % 35.1 % 37.0 % 24.7 % 16.4 % of Hard Coal 73.0 % 100.5 % 94.7 % 88.3 % 89.0 % of Petroleum Fuels 99.6 % 95.4 % 102.2 % 101.1 % 103.9 % of Crude and NGL 99.7 % 98.7 % 97.7 % 99.1 % 100.3 % of Natural Gas 99.5 % 93.6 % 87.7 % 92.7 % 92.8 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 9.4 % 14.1 % 19.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 14.3 % 24.4 % 29.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 9.3 % 12.7 % 18.9 % RES-T – Transport 0.3 % 1.0 % 5.6 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 58.26 45.28 50.67 48.09 42.96 GHGs Emissions* 74.44 58.51 63.23 60.33 55.43 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6 912.9 5 528.5 6 590.7 6 480.0 5 897.5 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 567.7 2 444.7 2 565.2 2 705.8 2 563.9 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 2 429.0 1 853.8 1 563.3 1 274.9 1 104.3

2014 11.39 4.47 1.98 3.22 0.70 1.03

47.49 21.31 0.21 2.14 15.87 7.95 0.00 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2 702 505 1 584 111 15 96 448.8 2 447.3 3 819.4 435.9 34.5 % 14.5 % 73.9 % 97.9 % 99.0 % 94.0 % 18.0 % 28.3 % 18.9 % 5.3 % 45.59 57.71 6 292.7 2 571.3 1 154.1

* Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

179


5.3 Czech Republic Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 32.46 27.57 10.80 0.30 0.15 0.20 0.20 3.16 1.20 0.03 8.60 -5.78 -2.86 7.91 6.96 6.42 6.42 0.01 0.04 41.71 22.66 8.35 8.08 6.95 6.55 6.55 3.16 1.20 0.04 0.03 39.39 27.86 2.32 26.09

2000 30.54 25.05 9.42 0.39 0.17 0.17 0.17 3.51 1.34 0.09 9.41 -4.72 -3.52 7.51 5.57 7.48 7.48 0.00 -0.86 41.09 21.64 6.28 7.88 5.85 7.50 7.50 3.51 1.34 -0.86 0.09 39.00 27.23 2.09 24.80

2005 32.86 23.57 8.41 0.59 0.31 0.15 0.15 6.41 1.97 0.17 12.64 -3.27 -2.77 9.65 7.65 7.54 7.54 -0.19 -1.09 45.12 20.25 5.61 9.90 7.70 7.70 7.70 6.41 1.78 -1.09 0.17 42.17 29.24 2.95 26.03

2010 31.58 20.73 7.41 0.30 0.18 0.20 0.20 7.25 2.90 0.20 11.45 -2.97 -2.86 8.98 7.81 6.85 6.85 -0.12 -1.29 44.67 18.36 4.93 9.30 8.01 8.07 8.07 7.25 2.78 -1.29 0.20 41.90 28.35 2.78 24.86

2013 30.08 17.77 5.81 0.29 0.16 0.21 0.21 7.96 3.64 0.22 11.79 -1.91 -1.89 8.27 6.65 6.96 6.96 -0.08 -1.45 42.19 16.38 4.64 8.57 6.79 6.95 6.95 7.96 3.57 -1.45 0.22 39.61 26.21 2.58 23.85

2014 29.22 16.93 5.68 0.33 0.15 0.21 0.21 7.84 3.66 0.25 12.59 -0.79 -0.96 8.85 7.48 5.95 5.95 -0.02 -1.40 41.46 15.88 4.53 9.07 7.62 6.18 6.18 7.84 3.64 -1.40 0.25 38.55 26.05 2.90 23.02

6.12 5.09 6.17 0.89 0.00

5.13 5.32 6.49 0.92 0.00

3.77 6.82 6.74 1.33 0.00

2.42 6.54 6.67 1.89 0.01

4.13 3.66 0.02

4.25 2.62 0.06

4.75 2.48 0.13

4.92 2.25 0.16

2.45 6.14 5.92 2.11 0.02 0.00 4.88 2.18 0.16

1.90 6.37 5.41 2.13 0.02 0.00 4.83 2.16 0.20

12.51 2.84 6.35 2.42 1.23 0.74

10.13 4.37 6.15 2.97 0.66 0.52

9.68 6.10 6.35 3.11 0.55 0.25

7.94 6.22 6.67 3.19 0.56 0.29

7.57 6.00 6.40 3.01 0.61 0.26

7.48 6.22 5.67 2.80 0.60 0.25


180


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 13.80 15.32 17.41 19.83 21.08 Combustible Fuels 10.64 11.47 11.46 11.79 12.21 Nuclear 1.76 1.76 3.76 3.90 4.29 Hydro 1.40 2.10 2.17 2.20 2.25 Wind 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.21 0.26 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.73 2.06 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 60.85 73.47 82.58 85.91 87.07 Solid Fuels 44.34 52.75 49.52 47.11 41.71 Petroleum and Products 0.59 0.37 0.33 0.16 0.05 Gases 1.00 3.91 4.22 4.12 4.29 Nuclear 12.23 13.59 24.73 28.00 30.75 Renewables 2.68 2.84 3.78 6.49 10.21 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.06 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.20 4.79 4.65 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 13.87 12.24 11.97 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 16.8 % 14.2 % 13.7 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 150.67 135.67 120.92 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 601 4 076 5 866 5 783 5 533 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 694 1 922 2 125 1 868 1 574 Gas/Diesel Oil 704 1 886 3 322 3 492 3 584 Final Consumption Biofuels 16 62 3 231 277 Biogasoline 0 0 0 58 54 Biodiesel 16 62 3 173 224 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 398.3 359.3 325.4 285.7 268.4 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 036.7 3 998.2 4 424.1 4 269.8 4 011.9 Final Electricity per Capita 4 653.2 4 804.5 5 421.3 5 467.7 5 390.9 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 376.2 341.0 304.1 267.9 252.0 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 20.6 % 22.9 % 28.0 % 25.6 % 27.9 % of Solid Fuels -25.5 % -21.8 % -16.1 % -16.2 % -11.6 % of Hard Coal -34.2 % -56.1 % -49.4 % -58.0 % -40.6 % of Petroleum Fuels 98.0 % 95.3 % 97.5 % 96.5 % 96.4 % of Crude and NGL 100.2 % 95.2 % 99.3 % 97.6 % 98.0 % of Natural Gas 98.0 % 99.8 % 97.8 % 84.8 % 100.2 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 6.0 % 9.5 % 12.4 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 9.1 % 12.6 % 15.4 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 3.7 % 7.5 % 12.8 % RES-T – Transport 0.5 % 4.5 % 5.6 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 133.55 129.34 128.28 119.22 109.69 GHGs Emissions* 158.68 151.49 149.66 141.14 131.60 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 924.6 12 584.3 12 578.0 11 395.1 10 430.8 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 201.8 3 147.5 2 843.0 2 668.8 2 599.9 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 275.4 1 130.7 925.1 762.4 697.9

2014 21.97 13.08 4.29 2.25 0.28 2.07

86.02 40.92 0.04 4.45 30.33 10.22 0.07 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5 705 1 558 3 757 317 66 251 258.6 3 943.5 5 346.3 240.5 30.4 % -5.0 % -21.3 % 97.6 % 98.2 % 96.3 % 13.4 % 16.7 % 13.9 % 6.1 % 104.26 126.77 9 918.2 2 515.0 650.5


181


5.4 Denmark Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 16.26

2000 28.77

2005 30.78

2010 22.92

2013 16.48

2014 15.81

9.99 9.29 4.73 4.70

19.28 18.09 7.43 7.41

18.46 18.46 9.40 9.38

12.04 12.04 7.36 7.34

8.70 8.70 4.30 4.28

8.09 8.08 4.16 4.15

1.29 0.25 7.27 7.66 7.63 1.17 0.62 -1.50 -1.50 0.01 -0.07 20.20 6.50 6.47 9.03 9.77 3.20 3.17

1.74 2.51 0.33 0.41 -7.37 -10.13 3.78 3.51 3.75 3.48 -8.39 -9.07 -9.86 -10.87 -2.88 -5.01 -2.88 -5.01 0.06 0.33 0.06 0.12 19.74 19.56 3.99 3.71 3.96 3.69 9.10 8.06 8.18 7.70 4.47 4.41 4.45 4.40

3.11 0.41 -3.25 2.64 2.63 -3.59 -4.94 -3.02 -3.02 0.81 -0.10 20.04 3.81 3.79 7.57 7.18 4.44 4.42

3.09 0.40 2.51 2.85 2.83 -0.91 -1.50 -0.77 -0.77 1.25 0.09 18.22 3.14 3.13 6.92 7.17 3.33 3.32

3.14 0.42 2.26 2.51 2.50 -0.47 -1.33 -1.31 -1.31 1.29 0.25 16.91 2.39 2.38 6.59 6.88 2.83 2.81

1.30 -0.07 0.25 19.88 15.03 0.32 14.82

1.80 0.06 0.33 19.44 15.02 0.30 14.72

2.84 0.12 0.41 19.27 15.47 0.29 15.50

3.92 -0.10 0.41 19.78 15.67 0.26 15.52

4.33 0.09 0.40 17.94 14.61 0.28 14.06

4.44 0.25 0.42 16.65 13.68 0.25 13.52

0.38 7.26 1.69 0.58 0.01

0.29 7.06 1.67 0.63 0.01

0.25 7.30 1.71 0.91 0.01

2.66 2.24 0.01

2.79 2.25 0.02

2.88 2.42 0.03

0.14 6.75 1.75 1.26 0.01 0.00 2.76 2.84 0.02

0.13 5.80 1.58 1.29 0.01 0.00 2.68 2.55 0.02

0.13 5.75 1.45 1.23 0.01 0.00 2.63 2.29 0.02

3.00 4.54 4.48 1.84 0.94 0.02

2.92 4.82 4.16 1.84 0.96 0.01

2.85 5.32 4.45 2.00 0.86 0.01

2.41 5.18 4.91 2.13 0.88 0.01

2.13 4.80 4.36 1.98 0.79 0.01

2.09 4.92 3.96 1.83 0.73 0.01


182


1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 10.82 12.32 13.04 13.44 Combustible Fuels 10.21 9.92 9.89 9.62 Nuclear Hydro 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Wind 0.60 2.39 3.13 3.80 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 36.76 36.05 36.25 38.86 Solid Fuels 27.36 16.67 15.46 17.01 Petroleum and Products 3.63 4.44 1.38 0.77 Gases 3.64 8.77 8.78 7.91 Nuclear Renewables 1.85 5.57 9.81 12.43 Wastes, non-RES 0.27 0.56 0.82 0.75 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.69 5.81 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 18.89 19.10 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 52.1 % 49.1 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 118.98 124.74 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 4 522 4 786 5 292 5 118 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 944 2 019 1 922 1 574 Gas/Diesel Oil 1 814 1 863 2 372 2 649 Final Consumption Biofuels 27 Biogasoline 27 Biodiesel 0 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 104.0 87.6 81.1 83.0 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 873.5 3 702.8 3 613.8 3 621.5 Final Electricity per Capita 5 921.5 6 089.5 6 183.6 5 792.1 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 102.3 86.2 79.9 81.9 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 33.4 % -35.0 % -49.8 % -15.7 % of Solid Fuels 117.9 % 94.9 % 94.4 % 69.4 % of Hard Coal 118.0 % 94.7 % 94.3 % 69.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 11.0 % -80.8 % -102.7 % -43.4 % of Crude and NGL 6.3 % -120.5 % -141.3 % -68.8 % of Natural Gas -47.2 % -64.8 % -113.9 % -68.3 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 16.0 % 22.1 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 22.8 % 30.9 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 24.6 % 32.7 % RES-T – Transport 0.2 % 0.9 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 64.55 57.47 54.78 52.12 GHGs Emissions* 80.45 73.42 69.29 66.03 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 376.8 10 782.0 10 122.9 9 417.4 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 195.3 2 911.9 2 801.1 2 600.4 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 332.2 255.0 227.3 215.8

2013 13.81 8.41

2014 13.66 8.15

0.01 4.82 0.57 0.00

0.01 4.89 0.61 0.00

34.76 14.29 0.35 3.42

32.18 11.06 0.32 2.10

15.98 0.72

17.98 0.72

5.88 17.58 50.6 % 103.15

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

4 536

4 652

1 336 2 291 227

1 322 2 359 231

227

231

74.8 68.6 3 251.3 3 004.1 5 571.1 5 442.3 73.7

67.5

13.3 % 12.8 % 90.7 % 105.2 % 90.6 % 105.1 % -12.0 % -6.4 % -20.9 % -19.4 % -23.3 % -46.7 % 27.3 % 29.2 % 34.9 % 37.8 % 43.1 % 48.5 % 5.7 % 5.8 % 44.55 57.95

40.61 53.88

7 951.9 7 216.1 2 445.7 2 402.1 182.9 164.7


183


5.5 Germany Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 145.26 Solid Fuels 78.94 of which Hard Coal 38.10 Petroleum and Products 4.30 of which Crude and NGL 2.97 Gases 15.10 of which Natural Gas 15.10 Nuclear 39.51 Renewables 5.98 Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.44 Net Imports 195.18 Solid Fuels 10.27 of which Hard Coal 8.17 Petroleum and Products 131.60 of which Crude and NGL 101.60 Gases 52.90 of which Natural Gas 52.90 Renewables 0.00 Electricity 0.42 Gross Inland Consumption 341.64 Solid Fuels 91.64 of which Hard Coal 47.71 Petroleum and Products 135.37 of which Crude and NGL 104.82 Gases 67.30 of which Natural Gas 67.30 Nuclear 39.51 Renewables 5.98 Electricity 0.42 Wastes, Non-Renewable 1.44 Primary Energy Consumption 318.02 Available for Final Consumption 244.01 Final Non-Energy Consumption 23.62 Final Energy Consumption 221.62 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 13.89 Petroleum and Products 105.63 Gases 51.83 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 2.69 Solar 0.04 Geothermal 0.00 Electricity 38.80 Derived heat 8.75 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.00 by Sector Industry 60.14 Transport 63.66 Households 66.25 Services 25.89 Agriculture and Fishing 1.99 Other 3.69

2000 135.60 60.63 24.16 4.73 3.20 15.82 15.80 43.75 8.98 1.68 204.71 21.66 17.19 125.92 101.44 56.87 56.87 0.00 0.26 342.33 84.80 43.80 130.98 108.09 71.88 71.85 43.75 8.98 0.26 1.68 317.27 247.33 25.06 220.01

2005 139.11 56.48 18.03 7.53 3.45 14.33 14.33 42.06 16.85 1.85 208.11 25.97 23.76 120.24 111.04 61.94 61.94 0.36 -0.39 341.91 81.95 41.30 121.46 114.11 77.78 77.78 42.06 17.21 -0.39 1.85 317.25 247.12 24.66 218.46

2010 133.03 45.91 9.25 8.14 2.46 11.11 11.11 36.26 27.71 3.91 201.69 31.65 29.15 109.83 91.61 61.65 61.65 -0.14 -1.29 332.97 78.82 39.57 111.80 94.49 75.91 75.91 36.26 27.57 -1.29 3.91 310.39 242.94 22.58 219.65

2013 125.32 45.06 5.47 8.52 2.61 8.87 8.87 25.10 33.68 4.11 204.59 36.30 34.74 107.80 89.59 63.54 63.54 -0.28 -2.77 324.49 81.61 40.41 109.95 91.65 73.10 73.10 25.10 33.40 -2.77 4.11 302.76 239.05 21.73 217.65

2014 124.91 44.13 5.50 8.54 2.42 6.86 6.86 25.06 36.02 4.30 194.21 35.66 34.51 105.40 88.72 56.67 56.67 -0.61 -2.91 312.97 79.62 39.89 108.42 90.77 63.09 63.09 25.06 35.41 -2.91 4.30 290.84 229.54 22.13 208.88

10.96 99.74 56.08 4.72 0.11 0.00 41.57 6.83 0.00

8.24 90.31 55.14 8.54 0.26 0.04 44.91 10.75 0.28

9.38 83.17 56.43 12.14 0.48 0.05 45.78 11.27 0.95

9.66 83.87 55.19 11.91 0.58 0.07 44.99 10.39 1.01

9.73 81.90 49.76 12.52 0.63 0.08 44.10 9.15 1.02

57.57 66.77 65.24 25.79 0.29 4.35

59.09 62.32 63.50 33.19 0.02 0.34

60.56 61.10 62.45 35.36 0.00 0.18

60.74 62.58 59.70 34.49 0.00 0.15

60.72 63.47 51.53 33.04 0.00 0.13


184


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 116.23 118.88 128.61 162.70 186.12 198.42 Combustible Fuels 83.36 80.79 76.38 85.82 91.37 97.20 Nuclear 22.83 22.40 20.38 20.47 12.07 12.07 Hydro 8.88 9.49 10.86 11.22 11.24 11.23 Wind 1.14 6.10 18.38 27.18 34.66 39.19 Solar PV 0.02 0.11 2.06 17.55 36.34 38.23 Geothermal 0.01 0.02 0.02 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.45 0.42 0.45 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 537.28 576.54 622.58 632.98 638.73 627.80 Solid Fuels 289.14 296.69 288.14 262.90 288.20 274.41 Petroleum and Products 8.98 4.79 12.00 8.74 7.20 5.66 Gases 50.40 59.97 83.61 100.91 79.55 72.77 Nuclear 153.09 169.61 163.06 140.56 97.29 97.13 Renewables 30.40 39.71 69.28 111.21 158.15 168.37 Wastes, non-RES 5.26 5.79 3.25 6.35 6.58 7.43 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 20.8 24.6 27.3 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 77.9 83.2 78.7 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 12.5 % 13.1 % 12.4 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 652.5 675.8 654.0 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 62 229 65 139 58 489 56 660 58 396 59 231 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 32 059 30 651 23 722 18 859 17 591 17 682 Gas/Diesel Oil 24 099 27 047 26 364 28 449 31 183 32 175 Final Consumption Biofuels 36 236 1 859 2 884 2 658 2 740 Biogasoline 153 749 765 779 Biodiesel 31 222 1 552 2 104 1 893 1 957 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 159.3 145.1 140.9 129.1 120.5 114.4 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 189.9 4 166.5 4 144.3 4 070.4 3 956.2 3 874.9 Final Electricity per Capita 5 533.7 5 884.0 6 330.4 6 508.7 6 378.9 6 349.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 148.3 134.5 130.7 120.3 112.4 106.3 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 56.8 % 59.4 % 60.4 % 60.1 % 62.6 % 61.6 % of Solid Fuels 11.2 % 25.5 % 31.7 % 40.1 % 44.5 % 44.8 % of Hard Coal 17.1 % 39.2 % 57.5 % 73.7 % 86.0 % 86.5 % of Petroleum Fuels 95.8 % 94.6 % 97.0 % 95.9 % 96.1 % 95.2 % of Crude and NGL 96.9 % 93.8 % 97.3 % 97.0 % 97.8 % 97.7 % of Natural Gas 78.6 % 79.1 % 79.6 % 81.2 % 86.9 % 89.8 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 6.7 % 10.5 % 12.4 % 13.8 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 6.8 % 9.8 % 10.6 % 12.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 10.5 % 18.1 % 25.3 % 28.2 % RES-T – Transport 3.7 % 6.0 % 6.4 % 6.6 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 952.80 918.30 888.63 856.21 861.04 817.19 GHGs Emissions* 1 133.42 1 060.35 1 012.85 963.59 969.05 924.77 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11 685.3 11 176.6 10 771.1 10 466.9 10 497.8 10 117.8 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 788.9 2 682.5 2 599.0 2 571.5 2 653.5 2 611.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 444.2 389.3 366.2 331.9 319.7 298.6 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

185


5.6 Estonia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.89 3.06

2000 3.55 2.67

2005 4.39 3.18

2010 5.60 3.94

2013 6.37 4.43

2014 6.63 4.58

0.48

0.37

0.52

0.67

0.72

0.80

0.35

0.51

0.69

0.99

1.81 0.30 0.05 1.01

1.63 0.27 0.06 0.79

1.50 0.02 0.04 0.92

0.87 -0.02 0.05 0.76

1.12 0.11 0.85 -0.01 0.04 0.90

1.19 0.07 0.62 0.01 0.05 0.73

0.58 0.58 -0.01 -0.07 5.53 3.50 0.05 1.17

0.66 0.66 -0.01 -0.08 4.97 2.97 0.06 0.91

0.80 0.80 -0.11 -0.14 5.62 3.19 0.04 1.18

0.56 0.56 -0.15 -0.28 6.15 3.92 0.04 1.10

0.56 0.56 -0.29 -0.31 6.70 4.42 0.04 1.08

0.44 0.44 -0.32 -0.24 6.73 4.50 0.05 1.10

0.58 0.58

0.66 0.66

0.80 0.80

0.56 0.56

0.56 0.56

0.44 0.44

0.34 -0.07 0.00 5.35 3.05 0.18 2.56

0.51 -0.08 0.00 4.79 2.70 0.18 2.43

0.59 -0.14 0.00 5.39 3.00 0.23 2.88

0.85 -0.28 0.00 6.06 3.02 0.09 2.91

0.85 -0.31 0.10 6.53 3.05 0.17 2.87

0.86 -0.24 0.07 6.62 3.46 0.11 2.82

0.19 0.85 0.25 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.39 0.59 0.00

0.12 0.77 0.18 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.51 0.00

0.12 0.98 0.26 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.55 0.00

0.08 0.94 0.21 0.55 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.53 0.00

0.09 0.95 0.25 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.47 0.06

0.09 0.97 0.22 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.59 0.44 0.02

0.84 0.50 0.96 0.17 0.08 0.00

0.57 0.59 0.93 0.29 0.06 0.00

0.72 0.77 0.89 0.39 0.11 0.00

0.58 0.79 1.03 0.42 0.10 0.00

0.65 0.76 0.94 0.42 0.11 0.00

0.56 0.78 0.89 0.46 0.13 0.00


186


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 0.00 2.80 2.56 2.75 2.91 3.10 Combustible Fuels 0.00 2.80 2.52 2.64 2.65 2.75 Nuclear Hydro 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Wind 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.11 0.25 0.34 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 8.69 8.51 10.21 12.96 13.28 12.45 Solid Fuels 8.29 7.68 9.30 11.17 11.49 10.36 Petroleum and Products 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.13 0.04 Gases 0.30 0.76 0.76 0.71 0.37 0.58 Nuclear Renewables 0.01 0.02 0.11 1.04 1.22 1.39 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.07 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.38 0.45 0.47 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.04 1.34 1.23 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 10.2 % 10.3 % 9.3 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 11.46 12.32 12.57 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 487 578 765 778 753 769 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 264 299 309 289 241 242 Gas/Diesel Oil 204 257 408 451 484 486 Final Consumption Biofuels 3 6 Biogasoline 3 6 Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 697.7 467.3 374.6 417.8 396.2 386.4 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 815.4 3 549.0 4 132.2 4 612.6 5 077.4 5 111.6 Final Electricity per Capita 3 146.2 3 578.9 4 444.9 5 181.2 5 166.0 5 248.4 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 675.4 450.4 359.3 411.7 386.3 380.2 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 32.3 % 32.2 % 26.1 % 13.6 % 11.9 % 8.9 % of Solid Fuels 8.4 % 9.1 % 0.8 % -0.6 % -0.1 % 0.2 % of Hard Coal 101.9 % 116.4 % 97.2 % 117.9 % 95.0 % 103.9 % of Petroleum Fuels 80.2 % 77.4 % 70.8 % 57.5 % 60.0 % 51.6 % of Crude and NGL of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 17.5 % 24.6 % 25.6 % 26.5 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 32.2 % 43.3 % 43.2 % 45.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 1.1 % 10.4 % 13.0 % 14.6 % RES-T – Transport 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.2 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 18.01 15.21 16.48 17.95 19.65 19.04 GHGs Emissions* 19.99 17.13 18.45 20.03 21.77 21.19 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 12 435.5 10 851.9 12 126.0 13 460.9 14 887.9 14 473.0 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 259.3 3 057.8 2 934.5 2 918.3 2 932.2 2 831.4 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 2 274.1 1 428.9 1 099.2 1 219.4 1 161.9 1 094.0 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

187


5.7 Ireland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 4.10 Solid Fuels 1.70 of which Hard Coal 0.00 Petroleum and Products 0.00 of which Crude and NGL Gases 2.25 of which Natural Gas 2.25 Nuclear Renewables 0.16 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.00 Net Imports 7.77 Solid Fuels 1.88 of which Hard Coal 1.87 Petroleum and Products 5.80 of which Crude and NGL 2.27 Gases 0.09 of which Natural Gas 0.09 Renewables 0.00 Electricity 0.00 Gross Inland Consumption 11.07 Solid Fuels 2.90 of which Hard Coal 1.76 Petroleum and Products 5.68 of which Crude and NGL 2.27 Gases 2.33 of which Natural Gas 2.33 Nuclear Renewables 0.16 Electricity 0.00 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.00 Primary Energy Consumption 10.49 Available for Final Consumption 8.30 Final Non-Energy Consumption 0.57 Final Energy Consumption 7.99 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 0.94 Petroleum and Products 4.89 Gases 0.80 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.09 Solar 0.00 Geothermal Electricity 1.28 Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.00 by Sector Industry 1.95 Transport 2.39 Households 2.22 Services 1.09 Agriculture and Fishing 0.34 Other 0.00

2000 2.16 0.97

2005 1.65 0.82

2010 1.88 0.98

2013 2.36 1.29

2014 2.12 0.97

0.00

0.00

0.04

0.11

0.11

0.96 0.96

0.46 0.46

0.22 0.22

0.15 0.15

0.12 0.12

0.24 0.00 12.37 1.68 1.67 8.20 2.98 2.48 2.48 0.00 0.01 14.43 2.60 1.80 8.15 3.32 3.44 3.44

0.37 0.00 13.77 1.89 1.87 8.69 3.16 3.01 3.01 0.00 0.18 15.27 2.66 1.86 8.59 3.20 3.47 3.47

0.62 0.01 13.21 0.95 0.95 7.70 2.98 4.48 4.48 0.04 0.04 15.17 1.93 1.19 7.84 2.94 4.69 4.69

0.76 0.06 12.35 1.47 1.45 6.90 2.93 3.71 3.71 0.09 0.19 13.70 2.02 1.31 6.75 2.83 3.83 3.83

0.85 0.06 11.68 1.20 1.19 6.60 2.70 3.59 3.59 0.11 0.18 13.56 2.01 1.23 6.63 2.75 3.72 3.72

0.24 0.01 0.00 13.75 11.05 0.68 10.78

0.37 0.18 0.00 14.75 12.02 0.52 12.60

0.66 0.04 0.01 14.82 12.20 0.34 11.96

0.84 0.19 0.06 13.41 11.16 0.29 10.74

0.96 0.19 0.06 13.35 11.07 0.21 10.77

0.67 7.05 1.20 0.12 0.00

0.75 8.20 1.36 0.18 0.00

0.60 7.27 1.59 0.29 0.01

0.56 6.15 1.63 0.27 0.01

0.51 6.19 1.62 0.32 0.01

1.75

2.09

2.19

2.08

2.08

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.04

0.04

2.50 4.09 2.51 1.37 0.32 0.00

2.58 5.08 2.95 1.64 0.34 0.00

2.15 4.72 3.30 1.52 0.28 0.00

2.18 4.21 2.80 1.31 0.23 0.00

2.24 4.47 2.59 1.24 0.22 0.00


188


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 4.06 4.71 6.18 8.31 8.80 Combustible Fuels 3.54 4.06 5.13 6.41 6.33 Nuclear Hydro 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 Wind 0.01 0.12 0.52 1.37 1.94 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 17.86 23.98 25.97 28.69 26.14 Solid Fuels 9.04 8.59 8.84 5.69 6.56 Petroleum and Products 2.68 4.64 3.34 0.54 0.16 Gases 5.16 9.26 11.57 18.54 13.40 Nuclear 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Renewables 0.98 1.49 2.22 3.91 5.97 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.11 0.29 0.31 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.60 1.92 2.03 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 2.3 % 6.7 % 7.8 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 4.40 11.96 12.39 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 386 4 082 5 075 4 618 4 136 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 104 1 590 1 823 1 527 1 186 Gas/Diesel Oil 851 1 833 2 370 2 304 2 282 Final Consumption Biofuels 1 93 72 Biogasoline 30 28 Biodiesel 1 63 45 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 144.6 116.7 95.5 91.3 79.1 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 075.9 3 818.9 3 712.6 3 333.4 2 983.8 Final Electricity per Capita 4 127.7 5 370.9 5 922.7 5 587.5 5 271.3 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 137.1 111.2 92.3 89.2 77.4 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 69.5 % 84.8 % 89.6 % 86.6 % 89.3 % of Solid Fuels 64.9 % 64.6 % 70.8 % 49.1 % 72.5 % of Hard Coal 105.9 % 93.2 % 100.8 % 79.3 % 111.2 % of Petroleum Fuels 100.1 % 98.8 % 100.0 % 97.2 % 100.2 % of Crude and NGL 100.2 % 89.8 % 98.8 % 101.6 % 103.4 % of Natural Gas 3.6 % 72.1 % 86.7 % 95.5 % 96.8 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 2.9 % 5.6 % 7.7 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 3.5 % 4.5 % 5.4 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 7.2 % 14.5 % 20.8 % RES-T – Transport 0.0 % 2.4 % 4.9 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 36.95 47.01 50.53 43.94 39.13 GHGs Emissions* 61.04 71.15 72.92 64.64 60.58 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 10 271.1 12 443.8 12 289.2 9 657.7 8 522.0 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 339.2 3 258.5 3 310.1 2 897.3 2 856.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 482.9 380.3 316.3 264.4 225.9

2014 9.08 6.34 0.53 2.21 0.00

26.31 6.48 0.19 12.91 0.00 6.66 0.07 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 4 381 1 179 2 438 90 25 65 74.4 2 944.7 5 240.7 73.3 85.3 % 60.0 % 96.7 % 97.6 % 98.1 % 96.5 % 8.6 % 6.6 % 22.7 % 5.2 % 38.85 60.50 8 436.1 2 864.8 213.3


189


5.8 Greece Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 9.36 7.51

2000 10.01 8.22

2005 10.33 8.54

2010 9.46 7.32

2013 9.33 6.73

2014 8.85 6.38

0.46 0.46 0.06 0.04

0.28 0.28 0.04 0.04

0.10 0.10 0.02 0.02

0.13 0.12 0.01 0.01

0.09 0.07 0.01 0.01

0.11 0.07 0.01 0.01

1.29 0.04 18.29 0.92 0.92 17.30 14.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 23.87 8.39 0.96 14.02 15.05 0.06 0.04

1.40 0.06 22.15 0.77 0.77 19.70 19.60 1.69 1.69 0.00 0.00 28.29 9.04 0.73 16.09 19.70 1.71 1.71

1.64 0.03 23.50 0.36 0.39 20.48 17.99 2.33 2.33 0.00 0.33 31.41 8.94 0.34 18.12 18.90 2.35 2.35

1.97 0.03 21.83 0.40 0.40 17.55 19.68 3.23 3.23 0.16 0.49 28.84 7.86 0.40 15.09 19.77 3.24 3.24

2.49 0.02 16.43 0.23 0.22 12.68 19.44 3.24 3.24 0.13 0.16 24.30 6.98 0.20 11.29 20.01 3.24 3.24

2.33 0.02 17.40 0.19 0.19 13.87 21.13 2.47 2.47 0.12 0.76 24.43 6.69 0.17 12.03 21.05 2.48 2.48

1.29 0.07 0.04 23.37 16.40 0.49 15.81

1.40 0.00 0.06 27.57 19.08 0.72 18.68

1.64 0.33 0.03 30.65 21.39 0.76 20.96

2.13 0.49 0.03 27.73 19.78 1.11 19.12

2.62 0.16 0.02 23.65 15.63 0.65 15.34

2.45 0.76 0.02 23.73 16.28 0.71 15.57

1.04 10.84 0.01 0.90 0.08 0.00 2.93 0.00

0.89 12.74 0.26 0.95 0.10 0.00 3.71 0.03

0.46 14.41 0.59 0.96 0.10 0.01 4.38 0.05

0.30 12.23 0.78 0.99 0.18 0.02 4.57 0.05

0.21 8.66 0.91 1.12 0.19 0.01 4.20 0.04

0.23 8.86 0.84 1.14 0.19 0.01 4.26 0.05

4.01 6.52 3.33 0.94 1.01 0.00

4.45 7.30 4.50 1.31 1.12 0.00

4.16 8.19 5.51 1.95 1.15 0.00

3.47 8.26 4.63 1.95 0.81 0.00

2.84 6.34 3.76 1.82 0.32 0.26

3.09 6.47 3.79 1.71 0.28 0.24


190


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 8.94 10.90 13.31 15.31 18.86 18.90 Combustible Fuels 6.39 7.61 9.71 10.60 11.23 10.93 Nuclear 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydro 2.52 3.07 3.11 3.22 3.24 3.39 Wind 0.03 0.23 0.49 1.30 1.81 1.98 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 2.58 2.60 Geothermal 0.00 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 41.55 53.84 60.02 57.39 57.15 50.47 Solid Fuels 28.70 34.31 35.54 30.80 26.41 25.75 Petroleum and Products 8.86 8.89 9.21 6.09 5.41 5.54 Gases 0.08 5.92 8.17 9.83 10.86 6.78 Nuclear Renewables 3.82 4.56 7.00 10.55 14.39 12.31 Wastes, non-RES 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.13 0.09 0.10 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.24 0.59 0.56 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.02 2.48 1.95 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 1.7 % 4.3 % 3.4 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 9.70 12.71 10.49 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 6 504 7 278 8 157 8 102 6 182 6 289 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 921 3 464 4 170 3 946 2 834 2 697 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 037 2 247 2 483 2 749 2 043 2 155 Final Consumption Biofuels 124 121 134 Biogasoline Biodiesel 124 121 134 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 150.3 149.0 136.7 127.6 131.8 131.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 265.2 2 625.6 2 863.3 2 593.5 2 208.4 2 235.8 Final Electricity per Capita 3 235.3 4 004.5 4 640.3 4 777.3 4 434.1 4 530.1 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 147.2 145.2 133.4 122.7 128.3 127.9 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 66.7 % 69.5 % 68.6 % 69.2 % 62.2 % 66.2 % of Solid Fuels 11.0 % 8.5 % 4.1 % 5.1 % 3.2 % 2.9 % of Hard Coal 95.2 % 105.9 % 112.5 % 100.3 % 110.2 % 109.8 % of Petroleum Fuels 98.4 % 100.2 % 97.7 % 98.6 % 94.6 % 99.8 % of Crude and NGL 98.8 % 99.5 % 95.2 % 99.5 % 97.1 % 100.4 % of Natural Gas 0.0 % 99.1 % 99.1 % 99.9 % 100.0 % 99.3 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 7.0 % 9.8 % 15.0 % 15.3 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 12.8 % 17.8 % 26.5 % 26.9 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 8.2 % 12.3 % 21.2 % 21.9 % RES-T – Transport 0.0 % 1.9 % 1.0 % 1.4 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 89.58 105.51 115.60 99.12 85.38 82.46 GHGs Emissions* 113.44 130.20 138.44 120.84 107.16 104.27 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 502.3 9 791.4 10 537.6 8 914.2 7 759.5 7 546.4 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 753.4 3 729.3 3 680.3 3 437.1 3 513.7 3 375.3 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 564.2 555.6 503.1 438.5 463.3 444.5 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

191


5.9 Spain Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Production 31.43 31.49 30.09 34.53 34.73 35.10 Solid Fuels 10.15 7.97 6.27 3.30 1.76 1.63 of which Hard Coal 8.28 6.46 5.09 3.30 1.76 1.63 Petroleum and Products 0.80 0.24 0.21 0.36 0.52 0.46 of which Crude and NGL 0.80 0.23 0.17 0.12 0.37 0.30 Gases 0.45 0.23 0.19 0.08 0.05 0.02 of which Natural Gas 0.38 0.15 0.14 0.05 0.05 0.02 Nuclear 14.31 16.05 14.84 15.99 14.63 14.78 Renewables 5.51 6.82 8.40 14.64 17.56 18.00 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.21 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.20 0.20 Net Imports 75.42 99.34 123.83 106.34 89.05 90.66 Solid Fuels 8.61 12.84 14.42 6.98 7.66 8.85 of which Hard Coal 8.09 13.25 14.74 7.09 7.64 8.77 Petroleum and Products 58.91 70.65 79.28 68.70 55.96 57.76 of which Crude and NGL 55.34 57.70 59.94 52.69 57.98 58.81 Gases 7.52 15.47 30.25 30.95 25.80 24.50 of which Natural Gas 7.52 15.47 30.25 30.95 25.80 24.50 Renewables 0.42 0.21 -0.16 Electricity 0.39 0.38 -0.12 -0.72 -0.58 -0.29 Gross Inland Consumption 102.08 123.64 144.22 130.25 119.33 116.68 Solid Fuels 18.99 20.94 20.57 8.16 10.86 11.49 of which Hard Coal 16.68 19.83 19.82 8.30 10.84 11.42 Petroleum and Products 54.89 63.97 70.46 60.44 50.31 49.07 of which Crude and NGL 55.82 57.33 59.91 53.04 58.26 58.79 Gases 7.79 15.31 29.89 31.16 26.16 23.67 of which Natural Gas 7.72 15.22 29.84 31.13 26.16 23.67 Nuclear 14.31 16.05 14.84 15.99 14.63 14.78 Renewables 5.51 6.82 8.40 15.05 17.74 17.77 Electricity 0.39 0.38 -0.12 -0.72 -0.58 -0.29 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.21 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.20 0.20 Primary Energy Consumption 94.20 114.25 135.87 123.22 114.31 112.57 Available for Final Consumption 72.46 88.79 105.95 95.95 84.79 81.44 Final Non-Energy Consumption 7.87 9.40 8.35 7.03 5.02 4.11 Final Energy Consumption 64.03 79.90 97.77 89.08 80.77 79.23 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 2.24 1.77 1.71 1.26 1.56 1.30 Petroleum and Products 39.51 46.31 53.46 46.79 39.34 38.80 Gases 6.84 12.14 17.98 14.65 15.05 14.52 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 3.23 3.43 3.72 5.14 4.79 4.83 Solar 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.18 0.24 0.26 Geothermal 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 Electricity 12.12 16.21 20.83 21.05 19.78 19.51 Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.08 by Sector Industry 20.54 25.38 30.98 21.45 20.80 20.01 Transport 26.44 33.23 39.94 37.19 31.78 31.98 Households 10.01 12.00 15.13 16.92 14.88 14.71 Services 4.33 6.71 8.42 9.80 9.62 8.85 Agriculture and Fishing 2.20 2.57 3.11 2.24 2.86 2.78 Other 0.51 0.00 0.19 1.49 0.84 0.91


192


1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) 45.62 53.92 76.57 Combustible Fuels 21.94 26.24 40.80 Nuclear 7.07 7.50 7.58 Hydro 16.51 17.96 18.22 Wind 0.10 2.21 9.92 Solar PV 0.01 0.01 0.06 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 167.09 224.47 294.08 Solid Fuels 65.91 79.09 79.05 Petroleum and Products 14.62 22.58 24.42 Gases 4.92 21.94 80.73 Nuclear 55.46 62.21 57.54 Renewables 25.87 38.05 46.90 Wastes, non-RES 0.31 0.61 0.45 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 3.05 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 22.88 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 7.8 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 192.5 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 26 101 32 791 39 227 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 9 152 9 141 7 786 Gas/Diesel Oil 13 373 18 859 25 977 Final Consumption Biofuels 70 256 Biogasoline 113 Biodiesel 70 142 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 143.7 142.5 140.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 594.5 3 087.2 3 331.1 Final Electricity per Capita 3 581.6 4 705.6 5 594.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 132.6 131.6 132.5 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 71.7 % 76.6 % 81.4 % of Solid Fuels 45.4 % 61.3 % 70.1 % of Hard Coal 48.5 % 66.8 % 74.4 % of Petroleum Fuels 101.5 % 101.0 % 101.2 % of Crude and NGL 99.1 % 100.6 % 100.1 % of Natural Gas 97.4 % 101.6 % 101.4 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 8.4 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 9.4 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 19.1 % RES-T – Transport 1.0 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 272.95 321.69 380.67 GHGs Emissions* 332.95 395.31 450.51 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6 937.6 8 032.3 8 792.3 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 674.0 2 601.8 2 639.5 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 384.2 370.6 371.2

2010 2013 2014 101.79 106.00 106.47 50.46 49.79 49.79 7.45 6.98 7.40 18.54 19.19 19.22 20.69 22.96 22.98 3.92 4.79 4.79

301.53 285.63 278.75 25.33 39.94 43.81 16.56 13.76 14.12 95.84 58.93 48.76 61.99 56.73 57.31 100.98 115.59 114.07 0.66 0.68 0.69 3.38 22.42 7.4 % 153.3

3.36 24.10 8.5 % 174.9

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

35 409 30 383 30 587 5 696 4 666 4 596 24 171 20 416 20 569 1 412 883 951 230 167 186 1 181 716 764 120.5 116.5 112.3 2 801.9 2 553.7 2 508.6 5 266.1 4 924.0 4 878.2 114.0 76.7 % 85.5 % 85.4 % 99.9 % 99.3 % 99.4 %

111.6

108.4

70.4 % 72.9 % 70.5 % 77.1 % 70.5 % 76.8 % 97.4 % 101.7 % 99.5 % 100.0 % 98.6 % 103.5 %

13.8 % 15.3 % 16.2 % 12.6 % 14.1 % 15.8 % 29.8 % 36.7 % 37.8 % 4.7 % 0.5 % 0.5 % 296.28 265.44 267.11 373.62 340.76 342.70 6 373.5 5 680.6 5 742.8 2 274.7 2 224.5 2 289.2 274.1 259.1 257.2


193


5.10 France Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 127.36 Solid Fuels 6.02 of which Hard Coal 5.44 Petroleum and Products 3.48 of which Crude and NGL 2.98 Gases 2.79 of which Natural Gas 2.79 Nuclear 97.31 Renewables 17.04 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.72 Net Imports 117.06 Solid Fuels 9.14 of which Hard Coal 8.66 Petroleum and Products 86.44 of which Crude and NGL 78.65 Gases 27.49 of which Natural Gas 27.49 Renewables 0.00 Electricity -6.01 Gross Inland Consumption 241.78 Solid Fuels 16.08 of which Hard Coal 14.94 Petroleum and Products 87.06 of which Crude and NGL 82.08 Gases 29.58 of which Natural Gas 29.58 Nuclear 97.31 Renewables 17.04 Electricity -6.01 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.72 Primary Energy Consumption 225.92 Available for Final Consumption 156.87 Final Non-Energy Consumption 15.86 Final Energy Consumption 143.48 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 6.49 Petroleum and Products 69.82 Gases 27.25 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 9.67 Solar 0.03 Geothermal 0.13 Electricity 29.48 Derived heat 0.55 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.08 by Sector Industry 36.20 Transport 45.87 Households 35.79 Services 20.55 Agriculture and Fishing 4.07 Other 1.01

2000 130.14 2.48 2.36 2.39 1.69 1.51 1.51 107.09 15.74 0.93 134.08 13.01 12.44 91.27 86.84 35.78 35.78 0.01 -5.97 257.54 15.05 14.24 88.94 88.19 35.77 35.77 107.09 15.74 -5.97 0.93 241.36 166.22 16.18 155.31

2005 136.20 0.38 0.38 1.65 1.24 0.91 0.91 116.47 15.73 1.06 144.17 13.51 12.81 95.18 85.43 40.72 40.72 -0.05 -5.19 276.60 14.30 13.80 93.25 87.01 41.03 41.03 116.47 15.68 -5.19 1.06 259.89 177.12 16.70 160.21

2010 134.90 0.16 0.16 1.71 0.94 0.65 0.65 110.54 20.65 1.20 132.14 12.19 11.32 82.89 65.13 39.55 39.55 0.16 -2.64 267.09 12.08 11.25 82.57 66.32 42.54 42.54 110.54 20.80 -2.64 1.20 252.80 170.69 14.29 155.01

2013 135.32 0.19 0.19 1.69 0.83 0.29 0.29 109.29 22.63 1.23 125.30 11.63 10.97 79.57 56.72 38.01 38.01 0.25 -4.17 258.95 12.45 11.94 78.28 56.94 39.01 39.01 109.29 22.86 -4.17 1.23 245.39 167.04 13.56 151.85

2014 136.93 0.19 0.19 1.89 0.78 0.02 0.02 112.59 21.00 1.24 115.39 9.16 8.51 77.87 55.03 33.79 33.79 0.35 -5.78 248.50 9.29 8.73 77.24 56.14 32.60 32.60 112.59 21.32 -5.78 1.24 234.49 157.34 14.01 141.75

5.78 73.18 30.91 8.82 0.02 0.13 33.10 3.24 0.15

5.22 71.49 33.74 9.14 0.03 0.02 36.35 4.16 0.06

4.55 64.65 32.43 11.49 0.06 0.02 38.19 3.53 0.10

4.19 62.05 33.05 12.09 0.09 0.03 37.89 2.34 0.12

4.24 60.43 28.13 10.80 0.10 0.03 35.71 2.22 0.10

37.35 50.61 40.79 18.16 4.28 4.14

33.50 50.48 43.07 20.56 4.68 7.93

28.48 49.67 43.10 22.96 4.52 6.28

30.04 49.26 43.43 23.07 4.58 1.47

27.92 49.54 37.35 21.03 4.54 1.37


194


1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 107.62 114.67 Combustible Fuels 23.87 26.07 Nuclear 58.52 63.18 Hydro 24.99 25.13 Wind 0.00 0.04 Solar PV 0.00 0.01 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.24 0.24 Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 494.27 539.95 Solid Fuels 24.18 27.00 Petroleum and Products 7.75 7.17 Gases 6.22 15.37 Nuclear 377.23 415.16 Renewables 78.53 74.17 Wastes, non-RES 0.37 1.08 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 44 879 49 276 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 16 711 14 655 Gas/Diesel Oil 23 352 28 172 Final Consumption Biofuels 154 325 Biogasoline 24 58 Biodiesel 130 266 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 157.5 145.4 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 076.1 4 253.7 Final Electricity per Capita 5 780.1 6 357.3 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 147.2 136.2 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 48.0 % 51.5 % of Solid Fuels 56.8 % 86.4 % of Hard Coal 58.0 % 87.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 96.9 % 99.5 % of Crude and NGL 95.8 % 98.5 % of Natural Gas 93.0 % 100.0 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 410.87 429.92 GHGs Emissions* 557.68 568.82 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6 926.8 7 100.9 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 699.4 1 669.3 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 267.7 242.7

2005 2010 2013 2014 115.76 124.55 128.43 129.07 26.45 28.82 25.58 24.41 63.26 63.13 63.13 63.13 25.11 25.40 25.36 25.29 0.69 5.91 8.20 9.07 0.01 1.04 4.65 5.65 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 1.27 1.27 576.06 569.10 572.31 562.78 27.52 23.36 21.94 9.52 7.93 5.52 2.55 1.81 26.26 26.71 19.57 15.23 451.53 428.52 423.69 436.47 61.18 83.01 101.82 97.20 1.66 1.97 2.05 1.99 6.60 4.61 4.80 23.21 15.69 13.90 4.0 % 2.8 % 2.4 % 209.20 173.95 150.65

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

48 801 46 141 45 365 45 464 11 428 7 870 6 739 6 791 30 814 31 753 31 986 32 085 582 2 400 2 690 2 906 100 396 392 406 482 2 005 2 298 2 500 143.8 133.6 126.0 120.1 4 406.3 4 130.7 3 947.4 3 771.5 6 734.9 6 868.2 6 718.1 6 303.4 135.1

126.5

51.6 % 49.1 % 94.5 % 101.0 % 92.9 % 100.6 % 99.3 % 97.7 % 98.2 % 98.2 % 99.3 % 93.0 %

119.4

113.4

48.0 % 46.1 % 93.4 % 98.6 % 91.9 % 97.5 % 99.0 % 98.5 % 99.6 % 98.0 % 97.4 % 103.6 %

9.6 % 12.6 % 14.0 % 14.3 % 12.3 % 15.9 % 17.8 % 17.8 % 13.7 % 14.8 % 16.8 % 18.3 % 1.7 % 6.1 % 7.2 % 7.8 % 441.58 406.42 382.13 352.62 570.58 530.67 502.83 475.40 7 034.6 6 285.5 5 825.2 5 351.8 1 596.5 1 521.6 1 475.7 1 419.0 229.6 203.4 185.9 170.5


195


5.11 Croatia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 5.00 0.05 0.05 1.80 1.80 1.61 1.61

2000 4.26

2005 4.75

2010 5.16

2013 4.51

2014 4.43

1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36

1.03 1.03 1.87 1.87

0.77 0.76 2.22 2.22

0.68 0.61 1.51 1.51

0.68 0.61 1.44 1.44

1.54 0.00 2.85 0.15 0.07 2.21 3.98 0.22 0.22

1.56 0.00 4.08 0.48 0.44 2.41 3.91 0.91 0.91

1.86 0.00 5.15 0.62 0.57 3.58 4.02 0.56 0.56

0.27 7.86 0.18 0.09 3.94 5.76 1.93 1.93

0.29 8.42 0.43 0.39 3.93 5.43 2.21 2.21

0.38 9.78 0.68 0.63 4.49 5.10 2.37 2.37

2.17 0.01 4.39 0.70 0.66 2.98 3.56 0.48 0.48 -0.10 0.34 9.43 0.68 0.64 3.70 4.33 2.63 2.63

2.31 0.01 4.04 0.74 0.71 2.47 2.49 0.73 0.73 -0.24 0.33 8.59 0.68 0.64 3.21 3.07 2.28 2.28

2.29 0.01 3.59 0.60 0.56 2.35 1.87 0.58 0.58 -0.27 0.34 8.20 0.65 0.61 3.17 2.48 2.02 2.02

1.54 0.27 0.00 7.05 6.10 0.81 5.28

1.56 0.29 0.00 7.77 6.66 0.66 6.00

1.86 0.38 0.00 9.11 7.91 0.68 7.24

2.07 0.34 0.01 8.83 7.81 0.60 7.21

2.08 0.33 0.01 8.05 7.11 0.54 6.57

2.01 0.34 0.01 7.66 6.78 0.54 6.24

0.11 2.11 0.91 1.05

0.07 2.68 1.01 1.00 0.00

0.15 3.11 1.24 1.24 0.00

0.85 0.25 0.00

1.02 0.21 0.00

1.24 0.26 0.00

0.15 2.90 1.29 1.24 0.01 0.01 1.36 0.25 0.01

0.12 2.68 1.00 1.23 0.01 0.01 1.30 0.23 0.01

0.10 2.62 0.94 1.09 0.01 0.01 1.28 0.19 0.01

1.25 1.20 2.19 0.44 0.20

1.38 1.55 2.30 0.49 0.29

1.56 1.92 2.82 0.69 0.24

1.37 2.07 2.76 0.78 0.25

1.12 2.04 2.48 0.71 0.23

1.10 2.02 2.18 0.71 0.24


196


1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.07 2.08 Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro 2.07 2.08 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 9.28 11.28 Solid Fuels 0.24 1.55 Petroleum and Products 2.46 1.69 Gases 0.88 1.57 Nuclear Renewables 5.69 6.47 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.00 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 186 1 526 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 594 815 Gas/Diesel Oil 477 623 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 263.2 238.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1 686.5 1 872.5 Final Electricity per Capita 2 129.5 2 630.9 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 236.0 220.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 36.1 % 48.4 % of Solid Fuels 85.7 % 111.1 % of Hard Coal 73.9 % 112.9 % of Petroleum Fuels 55.6 % 61.0 % of Crude and NGL 69.2 % 72.1 % of Natural Gas 11.6 % 41.0 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 17.68 20.39 GHGs Emissions* 24.64 27.15 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 3 795.2 4 532.4 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 250.4 2 420.5 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 592.4 577.7

2005 3.87 1.80

2010 4.12 1.90

2013 4.31 1.85

2014 4.43 1.86

2.06 0.01

2.14 0.08

2.19 0.25 0.02

2.19 0.34 0.03

13.16 2.33 1.86 1.81

14.90 2.39 0.56 2.55

14.05 2.42 0.23 2.02

13.55 2.37 0.13 1.00

7.17 0.00

9.40 0.00

9.38 0.00

10.06 0.00

0.69 0.69 2.02 1.70 14.3 % 12.6 % 14.92 13.26

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

1 901

2 042

1 983

1 962

739 1 038

678 1 186 3

602 1 187 33 1 31

555 1 208 30 0 30

3

222.5 209.5 197.7 189.4 2 269.2 2 190.9 2 014.5 1 929.7 3 344.3 3 686.4 3 536.3 3 492.7 185.3

176.9

52.5 % 46.6 % 47.0 % 91.4 % 102.3 % 110.1 % 90.5 % 102.7 % 110.7 % 79.4 % 80.4 % 77.1 % 78.9 % 82.2 % 81.1 % 23.7 % 18.1 % 31.9 %

207.2

196.2

43.8 % 92.4 % 92.3 % 74.0 % 75.6 % 28.6 %

23.8 % 25.1 % 28.1 % 27.9 % 30.0 % 32.8 % 37.2 % 36.2 % 35.8 % 37.6 % 42.2 % 45.3 % 0.4 % 0.6 % 2.2 % 2.1 % 24.20 31.28

21.94 29.23

19.06 25.34

18.43 24.77

5 614.2 5 098.2 4 472.6 4 340.5 2 474.2 2 327.0 2 220.2 2 249.3 550.5 487.4 438.9 426.0


197


5.12 Italy Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 29.83 Solid Fuels 0.04 of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products 5.57 of which Crude and NGL 5.26 Gases 16.56 of which Natural Gas 16.35 Nuclear Renewables 7.49 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.16 Net Imports 134.50 Solid Fuels 13.00 of which Hard Coal 12.58 Petroleum and Products 89.52 of which Crude and NGL 73.67 Gases 28.53 of which Natural Gas 28.53 Renewables 0.23 Electricity 3.22 Gross Inland Consumption 161.77 Solid Fuels 12.28 of which Hard Coal 11.91 Petroleum and Products 93.52 of which Crude and NGL 79.35 Gases 44.87 of which Natural Gas 44.65 Nuclear Renewables 7.72 Electricity 3.22 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.16 Primary Energy Consumption 152.03 Available for Final Consumption 124.85 Final Non-Energy Consumption 9.73 Final Energy Consumption 114.58 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 3.93 Petroleum and Products 54.06 Gases 34.65 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 1.14 Solar 0.01 Geothermal 0.21 Electricity 20.49 Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.08 by Sector Industry 36.02 Transport 38.57 Households 26.32 Services 9.82 Agriculture and Fishing 3.25 Other 0.59

2000 28.49 0.00 5.01 4.56 13.63 13.62

2010 33.07 0.06 0.06 5.68 5.14 6.89 6.89

2013 36.86 0.05 0.05 5.85 5.60 6.34 6.34

2014 36.81 0.06 0.06 6.10 5.88 5.86 5.86

9.60 13.33 19.40 23.50 23.64 0.26 0.67 1.04 1.14 1.16 152.07 160.37 149.46 124.24 116.12 13.13 16.37 13.79 13.02 12.90 12.87 15.94 13.98 12.55 12.30 87.60 79.15 67.78 54.11 51.14 83.27 89.10 79.21 58.85 54.54 47.01 59.84 61.60 50.56 45.47 47.01 59.84 61.60 50.56 45.47 0.52 0.78 2.50 2.93 2.85 3.81 4.23 3.80 3.62 3.76 174.22 190.08 177.93 159.52 151.03 12.55 16.46 13.66 13.55 13.07 12.18 15.98 13.78 13.17 12.42 89.54 83.96 69.51 57.45 55.83 87.52 94.76 83.87 63.79 60.14 57.95 70.65 68.06 57.39 50.71 57.94 70.65 68.06 57.39 50.71 10.11 14.11 21.86 26.37 26.51 3.81 4.23 3.80 3.62 3.76 0.26 0.67 1.04 1.14 1.16 165.79 181.47 168.37 153.18 143.84 133.74 145.23 137.17 125.18 118.58 8.43 8.61 9.56 6.34 7.19 124.72 137.15 128.46 118.50 113.35 3.59 57.84 38.02 1.52 0.01 0.21 23.47 0.06

3.98 59.01 40.61 4.30 0.03 0.21 25.87 3.08 0.06

2.86 48.73 38.50 8.81 0.13 0.13 25.74 3.33 0.22

2.17 43.76 35.39 8.21 0.17 0.12 24.71 3.70 0.28

2.27 44.33 31.08 7.16 0.18 0.11 24.20 3.75 0.27

39.74 42.52 27.59 11.54 3.16 0.17

39.86 44.84 33.92 15.05 3.32 0.16

31.25 41.73 35.39 16.98 2.94 0.16

26.80 38.70 34.23 15.85 2.79 0.14

26.16 40.09 29.55 14.67 2.78 0.11


198

2005 30.33 0.06 0.06 6.38 6.15 9.89 9.89


1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 65.92 75.51 Combustible Fuels 45.48 54.03 Nuclear Hydro 19.84 20.35 Wind 0.02 0.36 Solar PV 0.02 0.02 Geothermal 0.47 0.59 Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.09 0.16 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 241.49 276.64 Solid Fuels 24.12 26.27 Petroleum and Products 120.80 85.88 Gases 50.44 105.61 Nuclear Renewables 45.58 57.58 Wastes, non-RES 0.17 0.51 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 37 665 41 461 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 18 279 17 556 Gas/Diesel Oil 15 238 18 415 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 114.8 112.0 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 845.8 3 060.6 Final Electricity per Capita 4 191.7 4 795.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 107.9 106.6 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 81.9 % 86.5 % of Solid Fuels 105.9 % 104.6 % of Hard Coal 105.6 % 105.7 % of Petroleum Fuels 93.3 % 96.1 % of Crude and NGL 92.8 % 95.1 % of Natural Gas 63.9 % 81.1 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 452.87 473.19 GHGs Emissions* 539.17 562.57 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 966.9 8 312.7 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 799.6 2 716.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 321.4 304.2

2005 2010 2013 2014 85.50 106.49 124.75 121.76 61.93 74.66 74.73 71.27 20.99 1.64 0.03 0.67

21.52 5.79 3.47 0.73

22.01 8.54 18.42 0.73

22.10 8.68 18.61 0.77

0.23 0.32 0.32 0.33 303.70 302.06 289.81 279.83 43.61 39.73 45.11 43.45 47.12 21.71 15.48 14.16 155.08 157.44 112.26 96.71 55.30 1.48

80.26 113.91 122.39 2.15 2.29 2.45

5.89 7.35 8.29 27.39 34.71 36.66 9.0 % 11.5 % 12.7 % 193.07 202.51 212.77

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

43 427 38 702 35 495 37 048 14 175 10 276 8 399 8 495 23 793 22 703 21 435 22 773 177 1 419 1 251 1 065 122 74 10 177 1 297 1 176 1 055 116.6 110.9 103.5 98.4 3 284.4 3 006.0 2 672.6 2 484.7 5 198.8 5 056.8 4 815.2 4 631.2 104.9

99.4

93.7

83.4 % 82.6 % 99.4 % 101.0 % 99.7 % 101.5 % 91.8 % 93.5 % 94.0 % 94.5 % 84.7 % 90.5 %

111.3

76.8 % 96.1 % 95.3 % 90.7 % 92.3 % 88.1 %

75.9 % 98.7 % 99.0 % 88.6 % 90.7 % 89.7 %

7.5 % 13.0 % 16.7 % 17.1 % 8.2 % 15.6 % 18.1 % 18.9 % 16.3 % 20.1 % 31.3 % 33.4 % 0.8 % 4.6 % 4.9 % 4.5 % 500.03 438.32 371.28 352.22 588.08 517.93 448.18 428.05 8 639.8 7 405.3 6 220.7 5 794.7 2 630.6 2 463.5 2 327.6 2 332.2 306.8 273.2 241.0 229.4


199


5.13 Cyprus Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 0.04

2000 0.04

2010 0.09

2013 0.11

2014 0.12

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.05 0.00 2.84 0.04 0.04 2.79

0.08 0.01 2.94 0.01 0.01 2.91

0.11 0.00 2.33 0.00 0.00 2.31

0.11 0.01 2.29 0.00 0.00 2.27

0.04

0.04

2.04 0.01 0.01 2.03 0.80

2.57 0.03 0.03 2.53 1.16

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.02

1.97 0.01 0.01 1.91 0.83

2.41 0.03 0.03 2.33 1.18

2.54 0.04 0.04 2.45

2.74 0.02 0.02 2.61

2.19 0.00 0.00 2.05

2.22 0.00 0.00 2.08

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.11

0.13

0.13

0.00 1.90 1.48 0.06 1.43

0.00 2.33 1.75 0.09 1.65

0.00 2.47 1.80 0.07 1.83

0.01 2.66 1.97 0.09 1.93

0.00 2.16 1.63 0.03 1.61

0.01 2.20 1.65 0.02 1.61

0.01 1.18

0.03 1.32

0.04 1.40

0.02 1.38

0.00 1.17

0.00 1.16

0.01 0.03 0.00 0.19

0.01 0.04 0.00 0.26

0.01 0.04 0.00 0.34

0.04 0.06 0.00 0.42

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.04 0.07 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00

0.03 0.07 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.01

0.39 0.76 0.14 0.07 0.01 0.05

0.44 0.86 0.18 0.11 0.01 0.05

0.32 0.98 0.32 0.16 0.04 0.02

0.24 1.05 0.33 0.25 0.04 0.02

0.19 0.87 0.30 0.20 0.04 0.02

0.22 0.84 0.29 0.20 0.04 0.02


200

2005 0.05


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 0.69 0.99 1.13 1.56 1.70 1.72 Combustible Fuels 0.69 0.99 1.12 1.47 1.52 1.51 Nuclear Hydro Wind 0.08 0.15 0.15 Solar PV 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.06 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.50 3.37 4.38 5.32 4.29 4.35 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 2.50 3.37 4.38 5.25 3.96 4.03 Gases Nuclear Renewables 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.33 0.32 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.01 0.02 0.01 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.01 0.06 0.06 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 0.3 % 1.1 % 1.4 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 0.1 0.1 0.2 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 760 860 982 1 035 852 833 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 194 218 321 413 369 361 Gas/Diesel Oil 293 359 355 338 236 229 Final Consumption Biofuels 15 15 10 Biogasoline Biodiesel 15 15 10 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 167.7 170.2 149.9 143.3 124.1 129.5 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 044.6 3 494.6 3 463.5 3 345.0 2 523.5 2 592.1 Final Electricity per Capita 3 444.4 4 338.9 5 402.0 5 959.9 4 528.4 4 621.2 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 162.4 164.2 145.6 138.9 122.5 128.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 100.5 % 98.6 % 100.7 % 100.8 % 96.4 % 93.4 % of Solid Fuels 100.0 % 100.0 % 119.4 % 64.7 % 150.0 % of Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.0 % 119.4 % 64.7 % 150.0 % of Petroleum Fuels 102.6 % 100.3 % 102.3 % 104.2 % 100.9 % 98.1 % of Crude and NGL 96.3 % 98.5 % of Natural Gas Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 3.1 % 6.0 % 8.1 % 9.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 10.0 % 18.2 % 21.7 % 21.8 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 0.0 % 1.4 % 6.6 % 7.4 % RES-T – Transport 0.0 % 2.0 % 1.1 % 2.7 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 6.70 7.97 8.81 8.84 7.23 7.66 GHGs Emissions* 7.94 9.22 10.17 10.40 8.77 9.20 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 10 382.2 11 546.1 12 017.7 10 795.0 8 345.2 8 922.3 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 410.0 3 304.0 3 469.8 3 227.2 3 307.0 3 442.2 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 572.0 562.5 520.3 462.5 410.3 445.8 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

201


5.14 Latvia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 1.43 0.08

2000 1.47 0.02

2005 1.87 0.00

2010 1.98 0.00

2013 2.14 0.00

2014 2.38 0.00

0.00

0.06

0.01

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.35

1.39

3.36 0.17 0.16 2.09

2.36 0.06 0.05 1.24

1.85 0.00 3.10 0.08 0.07 1.78

1.96 0.01 2.22 0.11 0.11 1.67

2.14 0.00 2.63 0.06 0.06 1.65

2.37 0.01 1.90 0.05 0.05 1.54

1.00 1.00 -0.09 0.19 4.62 0.27 0.17 1.89

1.11 1.11 -0.20 0.15 3.86 0.13 0.07 1.30

1.43 1.43 -0.38 0.18 4.59 0.08 0.08 1.49

0.90 0.90 -0.56 0.08 4.63 0.11 0.11 1.52

1.39 1.39 -0.65 0.12 4.47 0.07 0.07 1.41

0.78 0.78 -0.72 0.20 4.45 0.06 0.06 1.43

1.01 1.01

1.09 1.09

1.36 1.36

1.46 1.46

1.21 1.21

1.08 1.08

1.26 0.19

1.19 0.15

4.58 3.94 0.04 3.85

3.79 3.28 0.08 3.25

1.48 0.19 0.00 4.50 4.11 0.10 4.02

1.44 0.08 0.03 4.56 4.17 0.07 4.12

1.61 0.12 0.05 4.36 3.96 0.11 3.86

1.61 0.20 0.07 4.36 3.99 0.09 3.89

0.13 1.16 0.37 0.88

0.06 1.06 0.33 0.82

0.07 1.32 0.51 1.01

0.09 1.45 0.50 0.95

0.06 1.30 0.34 1.02

0.05 1.32 0.33 1.05

0.38 0.93 0.00

0.39 0.60 0.00

0.49 0.60 0.00

0.53 0.58 0.03

0.57 0.52 0.05

0.57 0.51 0.07

0.70 0.72 1.60 0.66 0.17 0.00

0.58 0.75 1.33 0.47 0.13 0.00

0.70 1.07 1.50 0.59 0.15 0.00

0.77 1.20 1.39 0.60 0.16 0.00

0.77 1.07 1.27 0.60 0.15 0.00

0.79 1.09 1.24 0.61 0.15 0.00


202


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.07 2.09 2.17 2.56 2.91 Combustible Fuels 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.95 1.26 Nuclear Hydro 1.51 1.51 1.54 1.58 1.59 Wind 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.07 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 3.98 4.14 4.91 6.63 6.21 Solid Fuels 0.10 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 Petroleum and Products 0.42 0.11 0.01 0.00 0.00 Gases 0.53 1.13 1.49 2.99 2.67 Nuclear Renewables 2.94 2.82 3.41 3.64 3.53 Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.59 0.87 1.24 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.51 2.98 2.38 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 30.7 % 45.0 % 38.3 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 11.91 10.45 11.31 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 699 734 1 050 1 163 1 033 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 430 347 352 294 210 Gas/Diesel Oil 242 340 613 728 642 Final Consumption Biofuels 3 27 22 Biogasoline 0 8 6 Biodiesel 3 19 15 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 484.7 315.2 252.6 260.5 220.8 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 1 848.8 1 622.4 2 041.1 2 183.0 2 206.7 Final Electricity per Capita 1 785.6 1 879.7 2 546.5 2 930.9 3 249.3 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 480.3 309.1 247.3 256.4 215.5 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 70.4 % 61.0 % 63.9 % 45.5 % 55.8 % of Solid Fuels 61.6 % 46.2 % 93.9 % 102.8 % 87.7 % of Hard Coal 93.6 % 81.8 % 97.3 % 106.7 % 91.4 % of Petroleum Fuels 102.6 % 94.8 % 102.2 % 94.4 % 100.3 % of Crude and NGL of Natural Gas 98.9 % 101.9 % 105.6 % 61.8 % 115.5 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 32.3 % 30.4 % 37.1 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 42.7 % 40.7 % 49.7 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 43.0 % 42.1 % 48.8 % RES-T – Transport 1.3 % 3.3 % 3.1 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 9.23 7.18 7.99 8.90 7.73 GHGs Emissions* 12.88 10.51 11.58 12.63 11.70 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 3 692.3 3 015.1 3 553.4 4 196.8 3 818.0 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 997.2 1 858.4 1 740.9 1 922.5 1 730.2 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 968.1 585.7 439.7 500.8 382.0

2014 2.92 1.27 1.59 0.07

5.14 0.00 0.00 2.34 2.80

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1 059 206 680 24 6 18 215.1 2 224.4 3 289.1 210.5 40.6 % 76.7 % 78.0 % 92.4 % 72.1 % 38.7 % 52.2 % 51.1 % 3.2 % 7.53 11.63 3 761.3 1 690.9 363.6


203


5.15 Lithuania Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.8 0.02

2000 3.3 0.01

2005 4.0 0.02

2010 1.3 0.01

2013 1.4 0.02

2014 1.5 0.03

0.15 0.13

0.37 0.32

0.33 0.22

0.14 0.12

0.11 0.09

0.10 0.08

3.11 0.50

2.22 0.68

2.71 0.90

1.19

5.54 0.16 0.15 3.58 3.10 2.03 2.03 0.00 -0.23 8.64 0.25 0.22 2.99 3.11 2.03 2.03 3.11 0.49 -0.23 0.00 8.10 5.13 0.54 4.60

4.25 0.08 0.07 2.22 4.55 2.07 2.07 -0.01 -0.12 7.06 0.09 0.07 2.13 4.82 2.06 2.06 2.22 0.68 -0.12 0.00 6.40 4.28 0.66 3.77

5.03 0.18 0.16 2.62 8.90 2.49 2.49 -0.01 -0.26 8.71 0.19 0.15 2.71 9.34 2.48 2.48 2.71 0.88 -0.26 0.00 7.91 5.39 0.80 4.60

5.67 0.20 0.16 2.61 9.05 2.49 2.49 -0.14 0.52 6.79 0.21 0.17 2.50 9.14 2.49 2.49

1.29 0.02 5.30 0.28 0.23 2.34 9.02 2.17 2.17 -0.07 0.60 6.69 0.28 0.21 2.42 9.14 2.17 2.17

1.36 0.02 5.23 0.21 0.18 2.28 7.51 2.14 2.14 -0.07 0.66 6.70 0.24 0.19 2.44 7.60 2.07 2.07

1.07 0.52 0.00 6.07 5.48 0.71 4.76

1.21 0.60 0.02 5.68 5.74 1.01 4.74

1.28 0.66 0.02 5.63 5.90 1.07 4.83

0.23 1.67 0.51 0.45

0.08 1.36 0.36 0.61

0.18 1.62 0.52 0.70

0.21 1.61 0.57 0.74

0.27 1.63 0.49 0.73

0.23 1.80 0.46 0.71

0.55 1.19

0.53 0.83

0.69 0.91

0.72 0.92

0.77 0.85

0.79 0.84

1.02 1.04 1.64 0.69 0.20 0.00

0.78 1.06 1.37 0.46 0.10 0.00

0.99 1.43 1.51 0.56 0.11 0.00

0.90 1.55 1.60 0.60 0.11 0.01

0.98 1.57 1.48 0.60 0.11 0.01

0.97 1.74 1.41 0.59 0.11 0.01


204


1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) 5.87 5.72 4.56 Combustible Fuels 2.46 2.46 2.47 Nuclear 2.73 2.37 1.18 Hydro 0.67 0.86 0.88 Wind 0.00 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.01 0.03 0.03 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 13.90 11.43 14.78 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 1.07 0.66 0.40 Gases 0.23 1.62 3.02 Nuclear 11.82 8.42 10.34 Renewables 0.75 0.64 0.83 Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.04 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 2.30 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 15.5 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 19.90 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 031 1 050 1 405 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 618 390 351 Gas/Diesel Oil 346 513 779 Final Consumption Biofuels 3 Biogasoline 1 Biodiesel 3 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 592.4 385.5 329.5 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 371.4 2 011.1 2 596.3 Final Electricity per Capita 1 744.4 1 764.5 2 377.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 555.1 349.4 299.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 63.1 % 59.4 % 56.8 % of Solid Fuels 64.4 % 87.0 % 94.6 % of Hard Coal 69.1 % 100.0 % 102.6 % of Petroleum Fuels 114.5 % 100.4 % 91.9 % of Crude and NGL 99.5 % 94.5 % 95.3 % of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.7 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 17.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 30.1 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 3.8 % RES-T – Transport 0.5 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 15.14 11.87 14.09 GHGs Emissions* 21.69 18.77 22.40 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 4 155.8 3 380.4 4 198.2 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 752.5 1 680.9 1 617.0 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 038.1 648.0 532.8

2010 3.57 2.54

2013 4.32 3.08

2014 4.04 2.78

0.88 0.13 0.00

0.88 0.28 0.07

0.88 0.29 0.07

0.03 5.75

0.03 4.76

0.65 3.19

0.21 2.22

0.03 4.40 0.00 0.16 1.75

1.67

2.07 0.03

2.20 0.04

1.10 1.18 1.99 1.67 34.6 % 35.0 % 19.34 15.35

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

1 469

1 478

1 642

296 951 45 10 34

210 1 052 58 6 51

205 1 216 63 6 57

242.2 209.3 203.3 2 160.1 2 250.1 2 274.5 2 651.8 3 013.2 3 138.1 216.7

177.7

170.8

81.8 % 78.3 % 77.9 % 92.0 % 99.6 % 89.4 % 95.3 % 108.5 % 97.3 % 98.7 % 93.2 % 93.0 % 99.0 % 98.7 % 98.8 % 99.7 % 100.0 % 103.8 % 19.8 % 23.0 % 23.9 % 33.2 % 37.7 % 41.6 % 7.4 % 13.1 % 13.7 % 3.6 % 4.6 % 4.2 % 13.76 20.24

13.20 19.35

12.97 19.24

4 380.8 4 441.2 4 405.3 2 028.0 1 973.8 1 936.8 491.1 413.0 393.8


205


5.16 Luxembourg Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 0.05

2000 0.06

2010 0.12

2013 0.14

2014 0.16

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

0.04 0.01 3.25 0.49 0.13 1.77

0.04 0.03 3.64 0.11 0.10 2.37

0.07 0.04 4.68 0.08 0.07 3.14

0.09 0.03 4.51 0.07 0.06 2.85

0.10 0.03 4.21 0.05 0.04 2.79

0.12 0.03 4.07 0.05 0.05 2.69

0.56 0.56

0.67 0.67

1.18 1.18

0.43 3.32 0.49 0.13 1.80

0.49 3.65 0.11 0.10 2.32

0.28 4.80 0.08 0.07 3.16

1.20 1.20 0.04 0.35 4.64 0.07 0.06 2.87

0.89 0.89 0.06 0.43 4.34 0.05 0.04 2.78

0.84 0.84 0.07 0.42 4.22 0.05 0.05 2.67

0.56 0.56

0.67 0.67

1.18 1.18

1.20 1.20

0.89 0.89

0.85 0.85

0.04 0.43 0.01 3.28 3.17 0.05 3.11

0.04 0.49 0.03 3.60 3.56 0.06 3.51

0.07 0.28 0.04 4.77 4.53 0.03 4.48

0.13 0.35 0.03 4.61 4.36 0.03 4.33

0.16 0.43 0.03 4.30 4.17 0.04 4.13

0.19 0.42 0.03 4.18 4.03 0.04 4.00

0.34 1.75 0.58 0.02

0.11 2.26 0.61 0.02

0.08 3.11 0.63 0.04

0.07 2.84 0.68 0.09 0.00

0.05 2.74 0.60 0.11 0.00

0.05 2.64 0.55 0.12 0.00

0.43 0.00 0.00

0.50 0.01 0.01

0.53 0.08 0.02

0.57 0.07 0.01

0.53 0.08 0.02

0.54 0.09 0.02

1.17 1.30 0.56 0.07 0.01 0.01

0.71 1.91 0.47 0.39 0.02 0.01

0.75 2.78 0.53 0.40 0.02

0.74 2.60 0.51 0.45 0.03

0.63 2.54 0.50 0.43 0.02

0.61 2.49 0.48 0.39 0.03


206

2005 0.11


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 1.25 1.22 1.68 1.71 1.81 2.02 Combustible Fuels 0.12 0.07 0.49 0.50 0.53 0.52 Nuclear Hydro 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.33 Wind 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 Solar PV 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.11 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.23 1.17 4.13 4.59 2.89 2.97 Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gases 0.34 0.22 3.11 2.92 1.42 1.45 Nuclear 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Renewables 0.85 0.92 1.00 1.63 1.41 1.46 Wastes, non-RES 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.06 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.10 0.12 0.51 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 0.42 0.44 0.42 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 10.1 % 9.6 % 14.6 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 1.19 3.21 3.38 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 291 1 909 2 772 2 552 2 474 2 408 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 529 595 514 360 327 314 Gas/Diesel Oil 569 990 1 823 1 760 1 772 1 688 Final Consumption Biofuels 1 42 55 72 Biogasoline 1 1 3 Biodiesel 41 55 68 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 148.0 120.8 137.2 117.4 103.4 96.6 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 8 194.3 8 427.1 10 407.0 9 243.8 8 077.6 7 668.1 Final Electricity per Capita 12 316.0 13 318.7 13 333.9 13 155.6 11 557.8 11 330.2 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 145.9 119.0 136.4 116.6 102.5 95.7 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 97.7 % 99.6 % 97.4 % 97.1 % 97.0 % 96.6 % of Solid Fuels 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % of Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % of Petroleum Fuels 98.2 % 102.1 % 99.4 % 99.4 % 100.3 % 100.5 % of Crude and NGL of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.6 % 99.5 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 1.4 % 2.9 % 3.6 % 4.5 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 3.6 % 4.8 % 5.8 % 7.4 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 3.2 % 3.8 % 5.3 % 5.9 % RES-T – Transport 0.1 % 2.0 % 3.8 % 5.2 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 9.75 9.80 13.48 12.61 11.45 11.07 GHGs Emissions* 10.67 10.73 14.38 13.55 12.36 12.02 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 24 043.9 22 603.5 29 215.8 25 113.4 21 320.0 20 142.9 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 934.2 2 682.2 2 807.3 2 716.8 2 639.4 2 626.8 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 434.2 324.0 385.1 319.0 273.0 253.7 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

207


5.17 Hungary Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 13.90 3.27

2000 11.60 2.89

2005 10.37 1.75

2010 11.06 1.59

2013 10.20 1.61

2014 10.11 1.59

2.33 2.33 3.79 3.79 3.62 0.87 0.03 12.55 1.36 1.23 5.44 5.89 5.53 5.53 0.00 0.21 26.18 4.62 1.19 7.67 8.20 9.18 9.18 3.62 0.87 0.21 0.03 24.55 18.16 1.63 16.23

1.70 1.69 2.48 2.48 3.67 0.83 0.03 13.96 1.09 1.12 5.29 5.88 7.28 7.28 0.00 0.30 25.30 3.85 1.13 6.96 7.48 9.66 9.66 3.67 0.83 0.30 0.03 23.71 17.72 1.59 16.14

1.46 1.39 2.33 2.33 3.59 1.19 0.06 17.42 1.30 1.30 5.78 5.90 9.81 9.81 0.00 0.54 27.61 3.03 1.24 7.12 7.27 12.09 12.09 3.59 1.19 0.54 0.06 25.44 20.37 2.17 18.23

1.15 1.06 2.24 2.24 4.08 1.92 0.09 14.97 1.14 1.39 5.61 5.64 7.73 7.73 0.04 0.45 25.71 2.73 1.40 6.60 6.63 9.82 9.82 4.08 1.95 0.45 0.09 23.74 18.51 1.97 16.53

0.94 0.86 1.54 1.54 3.98 2.05 0.08 11.81 0.61 1.03 4.82 5.29 5.56 5.56 -0.19 1.02 22.68 2.26 1.04 5.67 6.19 7.81 7.81 3.98 1.86 1.02 0.08 21.23 16.63 1.45 15.27

0.90 0.82 1.44 1.44 4.05 2.05 0.10 14.06 0.62 1.03 5.60 5.99 6.82 6.82 -0.14 1.15 22.77 2.21 1.02 6.36 6.71 6.98 6.98 4.05 1.92 1.15 0.10 21.14 16.90 1.64 15.37

1.16 4.20 6.37 0.73

0.67 4.22 6.50 0.69

0.08 2.39 1.30

0.08 2.53 1.45

0.71 4.90 7.84 0.58 0.00 0.08 2.78 1.31 0.03

0.50 4.53 6.28 1.05 0.01 0.09 2.94 1.09 0.03

0.33 4.28 5.42 1.06 0.01 0.10 3.00 1.04 0.03

0.35 4.80 5.14 1.04 0.01 0.10 2.98 0.90 0.04

3.85 2.70 6.26 2.64 0.66 0.13

3.51 3.31 5.60 3.03 0.67 0.02

3.38 4.31 6.46 3.51 0.56 0.00

2.91 4.26 5.74 3.14 0.49 0.00

3.88 3.57 4.86 2.44 0.51 0.01

4.09 3.99 4.43 2.24 0.60 0.01


208


1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 7.40 Combustible Fuels 5.52 Nuclear 1.84 Hydro 0.05 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 34.02 Solid Fuels 9.08 Petroleum and Products 5.28 Gases 5.36 Nuclear 14.03 Renewables 0.22 Wastes, non-RES 0.05 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 609 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 530 Gas/Diesel Oil 897 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 377.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 533.0 Final Electricity per Capita 2 684.0 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 354.2 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 47.9 % of Solid Fuels 29.5 % of Hard Coal 103.5 % of Petroleum Fuels 71.0 % of Crude and NGL 71.9 % of Natural Gas 60.3 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 61.89 GHGs Emissions* 76.24 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5 987.0 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 363.6 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 892.8

2000 8.28 6.38 1.85 0.05

2005 8.59 6.65 1.87 0.05 0.02

2010 8.99 6.65 2.00 0.05 0.29 0.00

2013 8.42 5.99 2.00 0.06 0.33 0.04

2014 8.81 6.33 2.00 0.06 0.33 0.08

35.19 9.59 4.40 6.72 14.18 0.24 0.06

35.76 7.02 0.46 12.50 13.83 1.87 0.07

37.37 6.23 0.49 11.71 15.76 3.02 0.15

0.01 30.29 6.30 0.08 5.62 15.37 2.79 0.10

0.01 29.37 6.00 0.07 4.34 15.65 3.14 0.12

2.05 1.86 1.67 6.84 7.31 3.88 19.1 % 19.6 % 12.8 % 47.42 42.18 27.00

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

3 220

4 208

3 960

3 295

3 666

1 433 1 553

1 589 2 323 3 3

1 287 2 414 175 57 118

1 115 1 985 137 31 106

1 187 2 278 188 60 128

314.6 278.3 261.8 226.6 219.5 2 474.9 2 734.5 2 567.5 2 289.0 2 305.6 2 880.3 3 202.6 3 415.8 3 519.4 3 513.5 256.4

241.7

55.2 % 63.1 % 28.2 % 42.9 % 99.0 % 105.1 % 76.0 % 81.2 % 78.6 % 81.2 % 75.4 % 81.1 %

294.8

58.2 % 41.9 % 99.5 % 85.1 % 85.2 % 78.7 %

212.1

203.7

52.1 % 61.7 % 26.9 % 28.1 % 98.8 % 101.0 % 85.0 % 88.0 % 85.5 % 89.2 % 71.2 % 97.7 %

4.5 % 8.6 % 9.5 % 9.5 % 6.0 % 11.0 % 12.6 % 12.4 % 4.4 % 7.1 % 6.6 % 7.3 % 0.4 % 5.4 % 5.6 % 6.9 % 59.02 74.25

61.11 76.72

52.80 66.22

44.42 58.04

44.08 57.74

5 774.1 6 052.3 5 272.1 4 482.6 4 463.2 2 333.0 2 213.3 2 053.4 1 958.4 1 935.8 733.9 615.9 537.7 443.8 424.8


209


5.18 Malta Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995

2000

2010 0.00

2013 0.01

2014 0.01

0.001

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.84

1.46

1.63

2.36

2.14

2.05

0.84

1.46

1.63

2.36

2.13

2.05

0.00

0.00

0.01

0.76

0.80

0.97

0.94

0.87

0.89

0.76

0.80

0.97

0.93

0.86

0.87

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

0.76 0.41 0.00 0.46

0.80 0.44 0.00 0.44

0.95 0.40 0.02 0.38

0.93 0.52 0.01 0.50

0.87 0.53 0.01 0.53

0.88 0.56 0.00 0.54

0.35

0.31

0.22

0.34

0.35

0.36

0.00

0.00 0.00

0.00 0.00

0.01 0.00

0.11

0.14

0.16

0.16

0.17

0.18

0.04 0.31 0.07 0.03 0.00 0.00

0.04 0.28 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.00

0.04 0.20 0.08 0.05 0.00 0.02

0.04 0.28 0.07 0.10 0.01 0.00

0.05 0.28 0.07 0.12 0.01 0.00

0.05 0.29 0.07 0.12 0.01 0.00


210

2005 0.00


1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.63 1.92 2.24 Solid Fuels 0.09 Petroleum and Products 1.54 1.92 2.24 Gases Nuclear Renewables Wastes, non-RES Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 308 277 199 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 129 76 73 Gas/Diesel Oil 106 78 38 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 174.9 148.6 162.8 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 043.6 2 106.8 2 413.9 Final Electricity per Capita 3 407.8 4 121.5 4 614.2 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 174.9 148.6 159.4 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 104.8 % 100.3 % 100.0 % of Solid Fuels of Hard Coal of Petroleum Fuels 104.8 % 100.3 % 100.1 % of Crude and NGL of Natural Gas Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 0.2 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 2.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 0.0 % RES-T – Transport 0.0 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions 2.64 2.76 2.98 GHGs Emissions 2.83 2.97 3.25 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 152.6 7 254.1 7 408.2 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 500.0 3 443.2 3 069.0 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 612.0 511.5 499.6

2010 0.57 0.57

2013 0.65 0.62

2014 0.68 0.62

0.00

0.03

0.06

2.11

2.25

2.25

2.11

2.22

2.17

0.00

0.04

0.08

280

281

290

74 104 1

74 101 3

74 103 5

1

3

5

141.8 121.3 118.7 2 260.7 2 071.8 2 082.8 4 480.4 4 699.0 4 776.9 140.5

120.4

118.1

99.0 % 104.1 % 97.7 %

99.3 % 104.6 % 98.3 %

1.1 % 3.7 % 4.7 % 7.4 % 14.6 % 14.6 % 0.0 % 1.6 % 3.3 % 0.0 % 3.5 % 4.7 % 2.99 3.40

2.79 3.27

2.82 3.32

7 232.6 6 618.6 6 618.6 3 199.3 3 194.6 3 177.7 453.7 387.4 377.1


211


5.19 Netherlands Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 70.06

2000 61.95

2010 74.42

2013 73.35

2014 62.90

6.91 6.70 6.87 6.08 5.63 6.24 3.52 2.40 2.32 1.43 1.54 1.84 60.88 52.20 56.28 63.53 61.95 50.37 60.88 52.20 56.28 63.53 61.95 50.37 1.04 1.01 1.03 1.02 0.75 1.06 0.92 1.45 1.97 3.06 4.37 4.56 0.32 0.58 0.72 0.73 0.65 0.68 17.15 34.71 37.85 30.14 24.38 30.23 8.74 7.92 8.22 9.18 9.06 9.81 8.96 7.94 8.21 9.06 9.11 9.86 33.81 42.45 48.71 44.81 43.05 41.42 59.28 60.28 61.25 59.75 54.77 51.86 -26.37 -17.19 -20.94 -24.21 -28.60 -21.23 -26.37 -17.19 -20.94 -24.21 -28.60 -21.23 0.00 -0.10 0.29 0.13 -0.84 -1.19 0.98 1.63 1.57 0.24 1.57 1.27 75.42 78.10 84.43 86.08 80.43 76.81 8.93 7.77 8.09 7.54 8.12 9.01 9.20 7.82 8.19 7.40 8.04 9.03 28.73 30.75 35.41 34.06 32.20 32.20 62.92 62.31 63.35 61.19 56.51 54.94 34.51 35.01 35.34 39.31 33.50 29.06 34.51 35.01 35.34 39.31 33.50 29.06 1.04 1.01 1.03 1.02 0.75 1.06 0.92 1.35 2.27 3.19 3.50 3.40 0.98 1.63 1.57 0.24 1.57 1.27 0.32 0.58 0.72 0.73 0.80 0.82 64.32 65.97 69.02 70.57 66.11 62.66 64.15 67.88 72.61 72.99 68.63 63.73 11.09 12.13 15.41 15.51 14.32 14.15 50.99 52.34 54.18 55.14 51.58 47.28 1.45 15.97 23.32 0.44 0.01

1.38 17.47 21.05 0.49 0.01

1.55 18.63 20.51 0.58 0.02

6.96 2.83 0.01

8.21 3.70 0.03

16.08 12.60 11.79 5.77 4.63 0.12

16.51 14.16 10.83 6.24 4.50 0.10


212

2005 66.87

9.00 3.85 0.05

1.36 18.46 22.02 0.93 0.02 0.01 9.29 3.00 0.06

1.46 17.44 19.87 1.05 0.03 0.02 8.97 2.69 0.04

1.50 16.78 16.37 1.18 0.03 0.04 8.74 2.61 0.04

17.02 15.24 10.74 6.93 4.17 0.08

15.43 15.10 12.46 7.80 4.22 0.12

14.53 14.50 11.41 7.19 3.85 0.10

14.27 13.92 9.12 6.33 3.55 0.10


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 19.03 21.06 21.80 26.69 30.54 31.76 Combustible Fuels 18.20 20.07 19.97 23.74 26.52 27.29 Nuclear 0.51 0.45 0.45 0.51 0.49 0.49 Hydro 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Wind 0.25 0.45 1.22 2.24 2.71 2.87 Solar PV 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.09 0.75 1.05 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.04 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 81.17 89.63 99.92 119.27 101.74 103.42 Solid Fuels 27.40 24.28 23.50 22.59 24.61 29.49 Petroleum and Products 2.81 2.64 2.26 1.25 1.20 1.91 Gases 44.63 54.36 61.03 78.55 59.02 54.46 Nuclear 4.02 3.93 4.00 3.97 2.89 4.09 Renewables 1.41 2.97 7.45 11.20 12.18 11.71 Wastes, non-RES 0.60 1.21 1.43 1.56 1.70 1.63 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 7.16 9.30 9.39 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 29.47 39.24 34.77 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 29.4 % 33.2 % 34.5 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 220.28 233.61 217.92 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 12 472 14 017 15 097 14 712 14 027 13 379 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 4 206 4 233 4 313 4 162 3 930 3 801 Gas/Diesel Oil 4 840 5 861 6 675 6 783 6 313 5 731 Final Consumption Biofuels 230 299 358 Biogasoline 135 125 137 Biodiesel 95 174 221 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 168.1 140.8 142.4 136.3 127.2 120.3 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 4 889.4 4 923.4 5 177.7 5 193.4 4 793.3 4 563.9 Final Electricity per Capita 5 244.7 6 020.1 6 419.1 6 515.8 6 220.2 6 038.9 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 143.4 118.9 116.4 111.7 104.6 98.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 20.0 % 38.1 % 38.0 % 30.3 % 26.1 % 33.8 % of Solid Fuels 97.9 % 102.0 % 101.5 % 121.7 % 111.5 % 108.9 % of Hard Coal 97.4 % 101.5 % 100.3 % 122.3 % 113.3 % 109.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 86.1 % 97.3 % 96.1 % 94.1 % 95.6 % 92.4 % of Crude and NGL 94.2 % 96.7 % 96.7 % 97.6 % 96.9 % 94.4 % of Natural Gas -76.4 % -49.1 % -59.3 % -61.6 % -85.4 % -73.1 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 2.5 % 3.9 % 4.8 % 5.5 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 2.4 % 3.1 % 4.1 % 5.2 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 6.3 % 9.6 % 10.0 % 10.0 % RES-T – Transport 0.2 % 3.0 % 4.6 % 5.7 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 181.26 182.27 188.71 192.97 176.12 168.83 GHGs Emissions* 239.84 230.21 225.45 224.05 205.56 197.98 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11 751.9 11 489.7 11 573.4 11 642.5 10 496.3 10 031.8 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 403.5 2 333.7 2 235.2 2 241.8 2 189.8 2 198.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 404.0 328.6 318.3 305.6 278.6 264.4 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

213


5.20 Austria Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 8.77 0.34 0.00 1.08 1.07 1.27 1.27

2000 9.79 0.29

2005 9.89

2010 11.92

2013 12.14

2014 12.07

1.09 1.07 1.55 1.55

1.00 0.97 1.40 1.40

1.04 1.00 1.40 1.40

0.87 0.87 1.19 1.19

0.91 0.91 1.09 1.09

5.85 0.23 18.02 2.64 2.05 10.10 7.56 5.46 5.46 0.04 -0.21 27.11 3.48 2.32 11.29 8.63 6.44 6.44

6.61 0.25 19.01 3.02 2.34 10.84 7.22 5.31 5.31 -0.03 -0.12 29.02 3.60 2.56 12.13 8.31 6.59 6.59

7.04 0.44 24.52 3.97 2.99 13.21 7.88 7.15 7.15 -0.04 0.23 34.20 3.98 2.80 14.40 8.90 8.16 8.16

8.78 0.70 21.57 3.36 2.48 11.50 6.70 6.12 6.12 0.39 0.20 34.35 3.37 2.54 12.77 7.78 8.12 8.12

9.43 0.66 20.78 3.13 2.21 11.19 7.80 5.28 5.28 0.56 0.63 33.68 3.31 2.42 12.08 8.61 7.06 7.06

9.37 0.70 21.54 3.07 2.20 10.97 7.67 6.24 6.24 0.47 0.80 32.67 3.05 2.18 11.90 8.56 6.45 6.45

5.89 -0.21 0.23 25.73 22.74 1.38 21.37

6.57 -0.12 0.25 27.30 25.45 1.72 23.69

6.99 0.23 0.44 32.49 29.54 1.71 27.81

9.18 0.20 0.70 32.51 29.91 1.84 28.03

9.95 0.63 0.66 31.88 29.70 1.80 27.90

9.79 0.80 0.70 30.65 28.83 2.02 26.80

1.58 8.83 3.79 2.15 0.04 0.00 4.02 0.85 0.12

1.40 9.78 4.50 2.34 0.06 0.01 4.43 1.02 0.15

1.38 12.04 5.12 2.67 0.09 0.01 4.94 1.28 0.27

1.24 10.50 5.15 3.60 0.16 0.01 5.19 1.84 0.36

1.26 10.01 5.18 3.83 0.18 0.01 5.25 1.91 0.27

1.27 9.69 4.78 3.64 0.18 0.01 5.20 1.74 0.30

6.41 5.83 6.32 2.27 0.54

7.30 6.98 6.34 2.55 0.53

8.70 9.04 6.19 3.33 0.55

9.15 8.70 6.33 3.29 0.56

9.20 8.82 6.40 2.92 0.56

9.09 8.73 5.62 2.83 0.54


214


1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 17.40 Combustible Fuels 6.13 Nuclear Hydro 11.26 Wind 0.00 Solar PV 0.00 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 56.23 Solid Fuels 4.32 Petroleum and Products 2.12 Gases 9.76 Nuclear Renewables 39.95 Wastes, non-RES 0.07 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 5 444 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 429 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 537 Final Consumption Biofuels 10 Biogasoline Biodiesel 10 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 124.0 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 413.0 Final Electricity per Capita 5 880.5 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 117.7 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 66.4 % of Solid Fuels 75.7 % of Hard Coal 88.3 % of Petroleum Fuels 89.3 % of Crude and NGL 87.6 % of Natural Gas 84.8 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 65.53 GHGs Emissions* 81.15 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 249.5 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 417.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 299.7

2000 17.80 6.13

2005 18.90 6.46

2010 21.19 7.35

2013 23.59 8.17

2014 24.02 7.86

11.61 0.05 0.01

11.63 0.78 0.03 0.00

12.71 0.98 0.15 0.00

13.15 1.65 0.63 0.00

13.29 2.09 0.79 0.00

61.26 5.73 1.70 8.86

66.41 7.17 1.64 14.35

71.13 4.92 1.27 16.14

68.28 4.21 0.70 8.54

65.42 2.96 0.61 7.35

44.82 0.13

42.95 0.30

48.18 0.61

54.10 0.72

53.80 0.69

2.17 3.98 5.57 7.68 11.79 9.87 11.6 % 16.6 % 14.4 % 100.11 113.98 110.83

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

6 515

8 537

7 763

7 786

7 647

2 016 3 892 16

2 109 5 721 49

16

49

1 700 5 330 495 79 417

1 561 5 515 488 67 421

1 530 5 407 585 63 522

114.4 123.8 116.6 110.0 106.3 3 626.9 4 170.2 4 113.0 3 984.7 3 840.5 6 440.9 7 000.8 7 222.2 7 218.6 7 108.1 117.6

110.3

65.4 % 71.6 % 83.9 % 99.6 % 91.6 % 107.1 % 89.1 % 91.6 % 86.9 % 88.5 % 80.6 % 87.7 %

107.6

62.8 % 99.9 % 97.5 % 89.9 % 86.2 % 75.3 %

104.1

99.8

61.6 % 65.9 % 94.5 % 100.6 % 91.5 % 101.0 % 92.5 % 92.0 % 90.5 % 89.6 % 74.7 % 96.8 %

23.8 % 30.6 % 32.3 % 33.1 % 22.1 % 29.8 % 32.7 % 32.6 % 62.4 % 65.7 % 68.0 % 70.0 % 2.8 % 8.7 % 7.8 % 8.9 % 67.97 82.14

81.55 94.79

74.58 87.02

69.93 82.04

66.24 78.33

8 494.0 9 943.3 8 930.1 8 274.2 7 786.5 2 341.9 2 384.4 2 171.2 2 076.5 2 027.5 267.9 295.2 253.1 228.4 215.6


215


5.21 Poland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 99.38 91.07 78.19 0.37 0.27 3.18 3.17

2000 79.59 71.30 59.18 1.06 0.63 3.32 3.31

2010 67.38 55.38 43.82 1.06 0.68 3.70 3.69

2013 71.47 57.14 44.02 1.55 0.95 3.83 3.82

2014 67.89 54.03 41.60 1.56 0.93 3.73 3.73

3.92 3.81 4.55 6.85 0.84 0.10 0.16 0.40 -1.16 8.77 15.94 31.53 -21.25 -16.35 -13.04 -2.81 -18.94 -13.85 -9.70 1.80 14.52 19.07 21.47 25.16 11.95 17.36 17.54 22.28 5.81 6.61 8.53 8.87 5.81 6.61 8.53 8.87 0.00 0.00 -0.07 0.43 -0.24 -0.55 -0.96 -0.12 98.83 88.65 92.22 100.68 70.31 56.29 54.61 54.61 59.72 46.35 45.55 47.94 15.00 19.04 21.69 25.71 12.31 17.51 18.03 22.64 9.00 9.96 12.24 12.81 9.00 9.96 12.24 12.81

8.51 0.45 25.17 -5.48 -0.80 20.82 22.64 10.19 10.19 0.03 -0.39 97.98 52.96 44.45 22.66 23.88 13.74 13.74

8.05 0.52 27.05 -4.29 0.43 20.97 22.83 9.65 9.65 0.54 0.19 94.31 49.24 41.39 22.37 23.66 13.41 13.40

3.92 -0.24 0.84 95.12 67.25 3.71 62.94

3.80 -0.55 0.10 84.29 58.62 4.36 55.26

4.49 -0.96 0.16 87.65 62.71 4.57 58.47

7.27 -0.12 0.40 95.72 71.12 4.96 66.36

8.56 -0.39 0.45 93.00 68.62 4.98 63.29

8.59 0.19 0.52 89.12 66.22 5.19 61.61

22.58 11.65 7.76 3.73

13.22 15.50 7.57 3.52

12.21 17.84 8.77 3.81

7.71 8.82 0.70

0.00 8.48 6.89 0.08

0.01 9.06 6.63 0.14

13.77 20.73 9.46 5.22 0.01 0.01 10.24 6.55 0.38

12.63 18.56 9.43 5.59 0.02 0.02 10.67 5.95 0.43

12.03 18.58 8.94 5.25 0.02 0.02 10.82 5.45 0.50

23.03 8.30 22.67 4.16 4.78 0.01

18.50 9.92 17.19 4.97 4.64 0.04

15.35 12.54 19.45 6.70 4.43 0.00

14.14 17.69 21.97 8.83 3.73 0.00

14.96 16.27 20.41 8.07 3.58 0.00

15.05 16.37 18.95 7.80 3.43 0.00


216

2005 78.59 68.86 56.12 1.14 0.84 3.89 3.88


1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 29.48 Combustible Fuels 27.42 Nuclear Hydro 2.06 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 139.01 Solid Fuels 131.77 Petroleum and Products 1.52 Gases 1.50 Nuclear Renewables 3.92 Wastes, non-RES 0.30 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 7 891 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 4 610 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 796 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 517.8 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 561.6 Final Electricity per Capita 2 324.8 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 498.4 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) -1.2 % of Solid Fuels -30.2 % of Hard Coal -31.7 % of Petroleum Fuels 95.9 % of Crude and NGL 97.1 % of Natural Gas 64.6 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 364.67 GHGs Emissions* 445.98 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9 452.2 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 3 690.0 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 910.7

2000 30.56 28.37

2005 32.26 29.78

2010 33.36 29.91

2013 35.82 30.03

2014 35.99 29.76

2.18 0.00

2.32 0.12

2.34 1.11

2.36 3.43 0.00

2.36 3.84 0.03

0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 145.18 156.94 157.66 164.58 159.06 135.89 141.88 136.51 137.72 129.52 1.92 2.76 2.89 1.78 1.59 2.96 6.53 6.67 7.31 7.36 4.34 0.08

5.42 0.04

11.46 0.05

17.63 0.03

20.39 0.05

8.31 8.69 8.29 26.30 27.71 26.12 16.8 % 17.6 % 15.9 % 275.43 277.10 257.42

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

9 459 11 911 16 317 14 883 15 044 5 319 3 396

4 230 5 657 49 34 15

4 243 9 737 867 170 698

3 660 8 930 748 144 603

3 535 9 154 705 133 573

359.4 321.0 278.3 250.8 233.7 2 316.8 2 415.9 2 647.8 2 574.1 2 480.6 2 578.1 2 760.8 3 131.4 3 260.3 3 310.6 341.7

305.1

264.6

238.0

220.9

9.9 % -29.1 % -29.9 % 98.7 % 99.1 % 66.3 %

17.2 % -23.9 % -21.3 % 97.5 % 97.3 % 69.7 %

31.3 % -5.2 % 3.7 % 97.0 % 98.4 % 69.3 %

25.6 % -10.4 % -1.8 % 91.3 % 94.8 % 74.2 %

28.6 % -8.7 % 1.0 % 93.1 % 96.5 % 72.0 %

6.9 % 9.2 % 11.3 % 11.4 % 10.2 % 11.7 % 14.1 % 13.9 % 2.7 % 6.6 % 10.7 % 12.4 % 1.0 % 6.2 % 6.0 % 5.7 % 319.92 324.29 338.02 324.24 312.55 393.02 397.86 407.68 395.00 382.01 8 361.0 8 495.1 8 890.0 8 518.7 8 221.1 3 608.9 3 516.4 3 357.5 3 309.4 3 314.1 1 297.0 1 128.7 934.4 830.0 774.6


217


5.22 Portugal Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 3.39

2000 3.89

2010 5.80

2013 5.86

2014 6.08

0.09

0.09

5.63 0.14 16.79 2.53 2.53 10.51 12.45 3.81 3.81 -0.32 0.24 22.40 2.65 2.65 10.27 12.15 3.76 3.76

5.85 0.15 16.26 2.60 2.59 10.41 10.73 3.48 3.48 -0.32 0.08 22.10 2.68 2.67 10.17 10.98 3.47 3.47

0.07

0.05

3.32 18.02 3.81 3.84 14.14 13.04 0.00 0.00

3.76 0.09 22.07 3.91 3.97 16.04 11.63 2.04 2.04

3.48 0.14 24.85 3.23 3.22 17.14 13.46 3.89 3.89

0.08 20.64 3.60 3.63 13.57 13.04 0.07 0.00

0.08 25.29 3.81 3.84 15.48 11.76 2.08 2.03

0.59 27.48 3.35 3.35 16.17 13.44 3.75 3.75

5.64 0.16 18.59 1.63 1.63 12.44 11.39 4.51 4.51 -0.21 0.23 24.28 1.66 1.66 12.29 11.53 4.49 4.49

3.32 0.08 0.00 18.56 15.92 2.08 13.85

3.76 0.08 0.09 22.89 20.22 2.39 17.92

3.48 0.59 0.14 24.89 21.69 2.59 19.01

5.46 0.23 0.16 22.55 19.81 1.73 18.10

5.32 0.24 0.17 21.04 17.24 1.36 15.86

5.53 0.08 0.17 20.66 17.18 1.44 15.81

0.54 8.27 0.11 2.40 0.02 0.00 2.48 0.04

0.47 10.71 0.87 2.41 0.02 0.00 3.30 0.13

0.02 10.81 1.31 2.51 0.02 0.00 3.98 0.33 0.03

0.05 9.28 1.56 2.48 0.05 0.00 4.29 0.34 0.06

0.02 7.74 1.57 2.15 0.07 0.00 3.89 0.35 0.07

0.01 7.87 1.55 2.06 0.08 0.00 3.89 0.27 0.09

4.93 4.94 2.56 0.91 0.49 0.03

6.32 6.64 2.80 1.40 0.73 0.04

5.80 7.19 3.22 2.20 0.58 0.03

5.45 7.30 2.98 1.88 0.46 0.03

4.60 6.38 2.64 1.79 0.42 0.03

4.40 6.47 2.57 1.91 0.43 0.03


218

2005 3.62


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 9.38 10.91 13.37 18.93 18.90 19.13 Combustible Fuels 4.89 6.28 7.28 9.87 8.31 8.11 Nuclear Hydro 4.48 4.54 5.02 5.11 5.66 5.72 Wind 0.01 0.08 1.06 3.80 4.61 4.86 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.30 0.42 Geothermal 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.00 Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 33.27 43.76 46.58 54.09 51.67 52.80 Solid Fuels 13.41 14.60 15.23 7.10 11.84 11.95 Petroleum and Products 10.31 8.42 8.79 3.01 1.70 1.36 Gases 0.05 7.23 13.61 14.90 7.23 6.83 Nuclear Renewables 9.50 13.26 8.65 28.75 30.61 32.40 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.26 0.31 0.33 0.30 0.25 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 1.08 1.31 1.40 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 5.42 6.36 7.15 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 11.6 % 11.8 % 13.8 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 59.61 67.22 68.37 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 4 913 6 604 7 137 6 940 6 080 6 173 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 022 2 272 1 935 1 450 1 152 1 144 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 273 3 523 4 286 4 366 3 751 3 824 Final Consumption Biofuels 309 261 261 Biogasoline 2 2 Biodiesel 305 255 255 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 150.8 151.3 157.4 135.0 133.6 130.7 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 061.8 2 467.1 2 618.0 2 296.5 2 135.9 2 119.1 Final Electricity per Capita 2 877.9 3 744.1 4 413.9 4 718.2 4 315.4 4 334.3 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 135.6 137.0 142.6 125.3 125.5 122.2 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 85.3 % 85.1 % 88.6 % 75.1 % 72.9 % 71.6 % of Solid Fuels 105.8 % 102.9 % 96.3 % 98.3 % 95.4 % 96.9 % of Hard Coal 105.9 % 103.4 % 96.3 % 98.2 % 95.5 % 96.9 % of Petroleum Fuels 100.6 % 99.4 % 102.3 % 97.5 % 96.3 % 96.6 % of Crude and NGL 100.0 % 99.0 % 100.2 % 98.8 % 102.5 % 97.7 % of Natural Gas 100.2 % 103.8 % 100.4 % 101.5 % 100.1 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 19.5 % 24.2 % 25.7 % 27.0 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 32.1 % 33.9 % 34.5 % 34.0 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 27.7 % 40.7 % 49.1 % 52.1 % RES-T – Transport 0.2 % 5.3 % 0.7 % 3.4 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 56.17 67.92 71.60 55.17 50.41 50.30 GHGs Emissions* 73.00 85.95 90.47 73.08 67.80 67.62 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5 612.5 6 627.3 6 822.3 5 217.4 4 806.6 4 824.1 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 722.1 2 686.3 2 605.9 2 271.9 2 250.4 2 276.4 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 410.4 406.4 410.3 306.6 300.7 297.4 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

219


5.23 Romania Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 32.31 7.89 0.65 6.82 6.72 14.45 14.45 0.00 2.80 0.37 14.03 2.86 3.01 6.36 8.31 4.79 4.79 0.00 0.03 46.31 10.79 3.69 13.09 15.14 19.24 19.24 2.80 0.03 0.37 45.07 30.36 1.24 26.97

2000 28.47 5.60 0.16 6.36 6.30 10.97 10.97 1.41 4.04 0.09 7.99 1.92 1.65 3.42 4.76 2.71 2.71 0.00 -0.06 36.65 7.49 1.72 9.99 10.96 13.68 13.68 1.41 4.04 -0.06 0.10 34.77 25.03 1.88 22.77

2005 28.22 5.80 0.02 6.23 5.58 9.70 9.70 1.43 4.98 0.09 10.84 2.94 2.42 3.96 8.86 4.19 4.19 0.00 -0.25 39.21 8.79 2.37 10.29 14.44 13.92 13.92 1.43 4.94 -0.25 0.09 36.74 26.87 2.47 24.71

2010 27.82 5.90 0.00 4.57 4.52 8.62 8.62 3.00 5.71 0.03 7.83 1.23 0.47 4.84 6.03 1.82 1.82 0.14 -0.20 35.80 7.01 0.47 9.31 10.67 10.79 10.79 3.00 5.86 -0.20 0.03 34.33 24.77 1.47 22.59

2013 26.19 4.66 0.02 4.33 4.26 8.60 8.60 3.00 5.56 0.04 6.02 1.09 0.55 3.96 5.38 1.17 1.17 -0.02 -0.17 32.43 5.76 0.55 8.42 9.76 9.84 9.84 3.00 5.55 -0.17 0.04 30.97 22.91 1.46 21.83

2014 26.66 4.45 0.04 4.28 4.18 8.77 8.77 3.01 6.09 0.07 5.50 1.00 0.41 4.61 6.86 0.47 0.47 0.04 -0.61 32.29 5.75 0.47 8.59 10.76 9.36 9.36 3.01 6.12 -0.61 0.07 30.77 22.89 1.52 21.71

1.64 5.70 10.34 1.28

1.05 5.53 6.91 2.74

1.61 6.63 7.75 3.17

0.00 3.13 4.68 0.20

0.01 2.92 3.57 0.06

0.02 3.34 2.14 0.06

0.94 6.19 6.19 4.02 0.00 0.02 3.55 1.65 0.03

0.73 6.57 5.88 3.68 0.00 0.03 3.49 1.41 0.04

0.72 6.79 5.64 3.60 0.00 0.02 3.60 1.27 0.07

15.15 3.11 6.33 0.51 1.00 0.87

9.30 3.46 8.41 0.67 0.40 0.54

10.01 4.28 7.99 1.67 0.22 0.56

6.88 5.12 8.10 1.88 0.39 0.21

6.31 5.35 7.72 1.79 0.47 0.19

6.47 5.47 7.40 1.77 0.42 0.18


220


1995 Installed Capacity (GW) 6.00 Combustible Fuels Nuclear Hydro 6.00 Wind Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 59.27 Solid Fuels 20.59 Petroleum and Products 5.80 Gases 15.97 Nuclear Renewables 16.69 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 2 912 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 1 082 Gas/Diesel Oil 1 583 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 550.9 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 2 038.8 Final Electricity per Capita 1 600.6 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 536.2 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 30.3 % of Solid Fuels 26.5 % of Hard Coal 81.7 % of Petroleum Fuels 48.6 % of Crude and NGL 54.9 % of Natural Gas 24.9 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 127.87 GHGs Emissions* 183.39 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 5 630.1 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 761.5 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 521.4

2000 6.12

6.12

51.93 18.93 3.40 9.00 5.46 14.78 0.00

2005 18.95 11.95 0.71 6.29 0.00

2010 19.91 11.64 1.41 6.47 0.39

2013 22.95 11.39 1.41 6.61 2.77 0.76

2014 23.88 11.32 1.41 6.61 3.24 1.29

59.41 21.92 1.89 9.83 5.56 20.21 0.00

60.98 20.68 0.69 7.32 11.62 20.66 0.00

58.89 16.94 0.56 9.27 11.62 20.50 0.00

65.68 17.76 0.49 8.15 11.68 27.60 0.00

5.25 4.58 2.07 15.55 6.54 6.61 26.2 % 10.7 % 11.2 % 95.39 69.00 57.93

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

3 273

4 103

4 882

5 051

5 211

1 321 1 756

1 600 2 298

1 412 3 172 115 47 69

1 268 3 519 203 56 148

1 354 3 568 167 42 125

441.7 357.1 282.5 243.0 235.0 1 632.1 1 833.6 1 764.0 1 619.8 1 618.8 1 511.4 1 817.3 2 035.9 2 029.4 2 100.8 232.1

223.9

21.8 % 27.6 % 21.9 % 18.5 % 25.6 % 33.4 % 17.6 % 18.9 % 96.0 % 102.2 % 100.9 % 100.4 % 34.2 % 38.5 % 51.9 % 46.8 % 43.5 % 61.3 % 56.5 % 55.1 % 19.8 % 30.1 % 16.8 % 11.8 %

419.0

334.7

270.8

17.0 % 17.4 % 87.0 % 53.2 % 63.8 % 5.0 %

17.6 % 23.4 % 23.9 % 24.9 % 18.0 % 27.2 % 26.2 % 26.8 % 28.8 % 30.4 % 37.5 % 41.7 % 1.0 % 3.2 % 4.6 % 3.8 % 94.52 101.60 80.32 73.87 73.98 140.94 147.02 117.49 110.53 110.38 4 209.3 4 751.6 3 957.9 3 689.8 3 709.0 2 579.1 2 591.5 2 243.7 2 278.0 2 291.2 1 139.1 925.5 633.7 553.5 538.4


221


5.24 Slovenia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 2.96 1.19

2000 3.09 1.06

2005 3.49 1.18

2010 3.79 1.20

2013 3.61 1.08

2014 3.69 0.82

0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 1.23 0.51 0.00 3.09 0.19 0.14 2.26 0.49 0.75 0.75 0.03 -0.14 6.07 1.38 0.14 2.32 0.51 0.75 0.75 1.23 0.54 -0.14 0.00 5.95 4.23 0.12 4.09

0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 1.23 0.79 0.00 3.41 0.24 0.20 2.46 0.13 0.82 0.82 0.00 -0.11 6.45 1.31 0.19 2.42 0.14 0.83 0.83 1.23 0.79 -0.11 0.00 6.21 4.70 0.24 4.46

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.01

0.00 0.00 1.52 0.77 0.01 3.86 0.32 0.29 2.63

0.01 0.01 1.46 1.10 0.02 3.58 0.28 0.23 2.60

0.00 0.00 1.37 1.12 0.04 3.25 0.26 0.19 2.35

0.00 0.00 1.64 1.18 0.04 3.01 0.24 0.21 2.33

0.93 0.93 0.00 -0.03 7.33 1.54 0.30 2.58

0.86 0.86 0.03 -0.18 7.34 1.45 0.23 2.60

0.69 0.69 0.06 -0.11 6.87 1.35 0.20 2.36

0.62 0.62 0.05 -0.24 6.68 1.05 0.18 2.33

0.93 0.93 1.52 0.77 -0.03 0.01 7.02 5.23 0.31 4.90

0.86 0.86 1.46 1.13 -0.18 0.02 7.13 5.27 0.21 5.04

0.69 0.69 1.37 1.18 -0.11 0.04 6.76 4.93 0.12 4.80

0.63 0.63 1.64 1.23 -0.24 0.04 6.53 4.76 0.15 4.61

0.11 2.13 0.58 0.26

0.09 2.26 0.57 0.44

0.08 2.41 0.67 0.44

0.80 0.21 0.00

0.91 0.20 0.00

1.10 0.20 0.01

0.05 2.47 0.62 0.63 0.01 0.03 1.03 0.19 0.02

0.05 2.24 0.54 0.65 0.01 0.03 1.07 0.18 0.03

0.04 2.18 0.52 0.57 0.01 0.03 1.07 0.15 0.04

1.18 1.35 1.16 0.40 0.00 0.00

1.42 1.26 1.13 0.53 0.08 0.04

1.64 1.49 1.19 0.48 0.08 0.02

1.27 1.81 1.33 0.53 0.07 0.03

1.20 1.84 1.21 0.47 0.07 0.02

1.23 1.82 1.04 0.43 0.07 0.02


222


1995 2000 2005 2010 Installed Capacity (GW) 2.52 2.61 2.99 3.19 Combustible Fuels 1.10 1.12 1.36 1.26 Nuclear 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.67 Hydro 0.76 0.84 0.98 1.25 Wind Solar PV 0.01 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 12.91 13.62 15.12 16.44 Solid Fuels 4.60 4.61 5.27 5.29 Petroleum and Products 0.26 0.06 0.04 0.01 Gases 0.02 0.29 0.34 0.55 Nuclear 4.78 4.76 5.88 5.66 Renewables 3.25 3.90 3.58 4.93 Wastes, non-RES 0.01 0.01 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 0.34 0.33 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 1.10 1.14 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 7.3 % 6.9 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 15.00 11.60 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 334 1 236 1 476 1 746 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 880 860 698 600 Gas/Diesel Oil 433 350 754 1 111 Final Consumption Biofuels 46 Biogasoline 4 Biodiesel 41 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 268.3 231.3 220.1 202.6 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 052.1 3 245.4 3 666.9 3 587.2 Final Electricity per Capita 4 696.2 5 292.9 6 378.7 5 835.4 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 263.1 222.8 210.9 196.8 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 50.9 % 52.8 % 52.5 % 48.6 % of Solid Fuels 13.6 % 18.7 % 21.0 % 19.2 % of Hard Coal 100.0 % 100.5 % 93.8 % 100.9 % of Petroleum Fuels 97.8 % 101.5 % 101.2 % 99.2 % of Crude and NGL 95.9 % 87.5 % of Natural Gas 100.5 % 99.3 % 99.6 % 99.3 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 16.0 % 20.5 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 18.9 % 28.3 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 28.7 % 32.2 % RES-T – Transport 0.3 % 2.8 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 15.33 15.53 17.00 16.44 GHGs Emissions* 18.82 19.19 20.58 19.69 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 7 707.5 7 811.7 8 509.9 8 029.6 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 525.4 2 407.0 2 320.7 2 238.4 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 677.6 556.8 510.9 453.4

2013 3.43 1.26 0.69 1.30 0.00 0.19

2014 3.45 1.24 0.69 1.30 0.00 0.22

16.10 4.88 0.01 0.51 5.30 5.40 0.01

17.44 3.76 0.04 0.37 6.37 6.89 0.01

0.35 1.15 7.1 % 10.83

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

1 761

1 764

479 1 243 64 8 57

447 1 277 46 8 39

195.7 184.6 3 338.3 3 242.0 6 061.2 6 044.9 192.4

180.5

46.9 % 44.6 % 19.5 % 22.9 % 97.0 % 112.6 % 97.3 % 97.7 % 99.6 % 99.5 % 22.5 % 21.9 % 33.7 % 33.3 % 33.1 % 33.9 % 3.5 % 2.6 % 15.22 18.39

13.56 16.66

7 393.4 6 580.4 2 214.7 2 029.7 433.4 374.8


223


5.25 Slovakia Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 5.06 1.02

2000 6.39 1.02

2005 6.68 0.64

2010 6.35 0.61

2013 6.82 0.58

2014 6.72 0.58

0.13 0.07 0.26 0.26 2.95 0.50 0.21 12.14 4.14 3.10 3.36 5.09 4.53 4.53

0.17 0.06 0.13 0.13 4.26 0.50 0.32 12.00 3.43 3.15 3.09 5.72 5.71 5.71

0.12 17.72 5.39 3.34 3.34 5.01 5.22 5.22 2.95 0.50 0.12 0.21 16.79 12.23 0.93 11.03

-0.23 18.30 4.28 3.03 3.42 5.86 5.78 5.78 4.26 0.49 -0.23 0.32 16.94 12.72 1.37 10.98

0.38 0.04 0.13 0.13 4.63 0.86 0.05 12.43 3.74 3.48 3.27 5.43 5.74 5.74 -0.04 -0.28 19.03 4.23 3.31 3.71 5.56 5.88 5.88 4.63 0.81 -0.28 0.05 17.75 12.84 1.28 11.56

0.39 0.02 0.09 0.09 3.82 1.40 0.03 11.26 2.95 2.57 3.30 5.31 5.00 5.00 -0.08 0.09 17.86 3.90 2.79 3.68 5.32 5.01 5.01 3.82 1.33 0.09 0.04 16.80 12.65 1.05 11.55

0.43 0.01 0.10 0.10 4.11 1.47 0.13 10.07 2.78 2.58 3.00 5.74 4.35 4.35 -0.06 0.01 17.00 3.45 2.62 3.34 5.68 4.56 4.56 4.11 1.41 0.01 0.13 15.93 11.71 1.07 10.61

0.42 0.01 0.08 0.08 4.04 1.44 0.15 9.86 2.85 2.59 2.98 5.36 3.95 3.95 -0.03 0.10 16.18 3.42 2.63 3.28 5.30 3.77 3.77 4.04 1.42 0.10 0.15 15.25 11.05 0.93 10.06

2.56 1.61 4.07 0.08

1.75 1.70 4.70 0.09

1.57 2.18 4.54 0.33

1.87 0.72 0.12

1.89 0.62 0.23

0.00 1.97 0.95 0.02

1.64 2.30 4.12 0.54 0.00 0.00 2.08 0.85 0.02

1.46 2.15 3.59 0.40 0.01 0.00 2.16 0.74 0.11

1.43 2.11 3.18 0.51 0.01 0.00 2.08 0.61 0.14

4.69 1.41 1.98 2.66 0.30

4.53 1.45 2.59 2.20 0.21

4.71 2.39 2.54 1.75 0.17

4.36 2.63 2.31 2.11 0.13

4.27 2.35 2.15 1.71 0.13

4.45 2.21 1.95 1.31 0.14


224


1995 2000 2005 Installed Capacity (GW) 7.24 7.45 8.26 Combustible Fuels 3.22 2.39 3.09 Nuclear 1.76 2.64 2.64 Hydro 2.26 2.42 2.51 Wind 0.01 Solar PV Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources 0.01 Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 26.77 31.16 31.46 Solid Fuels 6.46 5.58 5.54 Petroleum and Products 0.74 0.20 0.74 Gases 2.92 3.87 2.63 Nuclear 11.44 16.49 17.73 Renewables 5.23 4.98 4.78 Wastes, non-RES 0.03 0.02 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.41 CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 4.80 CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 15.3 % CHP Heat Production (PJ) 33.68 Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 1 294 1 372 1 731 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 512 605 667 Gas/Diesel Oil 742 740 1 011 Final Consumption Biofuels 11 Biogasoline Biodiesel 11 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 503.1 436.9 356.3 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 308.1 3 390.1 3 541.8 Final Electricity per Capita 4 057.0 4 076.9 4 253.0 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 476.8 404.3 332.3 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 68.5 % 65.6 % 65.3 % of Solid Fuels 76.7 % 80.2 % 88.4 % of Hard Coal 92.9 % 103.8 % 105.2 % of Petroleum Fuels 100.6 % 90.5 % 88.2 % of Crude and NGL 101.5 % 97.6 % 97.7 % of Natural Gas 86.8 % 98.8 % 97.5 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 6.4 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 5.0 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 15.7 % RES-T – Transport 1.1 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 44.72 41.20 42.72 GHGs Emissions* 54.76 49.97 51.60 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 8 350.0 7 631.4 7 951.8 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 524.1 2 251.1 2 245.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 1 269.9 983.4 799.8

2010 7.87 3.50 1.82 2.52 0.00 0.02

2013 8.46 3.43 1.94 2.52 0.01 0.53

2014 8.09 3.07 1.94 2.52 0.00 0.53

0.02 27.86 3.57 0.60 2.72 14.57 6.33 0.02

0.03 28.83 3.07 0.43 2.85 15.72 6.67 0.02

0.03 27.40 2.87 0.30 2.10 15.50 6.48 0.03

2.82 4.38 4.43 22.20 15.9 % 77.0 % 20.06 27.76

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

2 093

1 994

1 936

600 1 450 98 24 74

563 1 353 99 18 81

552 1 317 134 25 109

265.0 238.2 221.2 3 312.4 3 141.1 2 987.7 4 477.4 4 635.9 4 460.3 249.3

223.2

208.5

63.1 % 59.2 % 60.9 % 75.7 % 80.6 % 83.3 % 91.9 % 98.4 % 98.5 % 89.5 % 89.9 % 91.0 % 99.9 % 101.0 % 101.1 % 99.9 % 95.3 % 104.8 % 9.1 % 10.1 % 11.6 % 7.9 % 7.9 % 8.7 % 17.8 % 20.8 % 23.0 % 4.8 % 5.3 % 6.9 % 38.44 46.68

35.47 43.01

33.47 40.76

7 132.1 6 555.2 6 179.6 2 153.2 2 086.9 2 068.4 570.5 497.0 457.5


225


5.26 Finland Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 13.13 2.03

2000 15.16 1.09

2005 16.95 2.14

2010 17.99 1.81

2013 18.67 1.70

2014 18.67 1.60

0.02

0.46

0.54

0.73

0.74

0.67

5.88 9.43 0.15 17.87 3.98 3.68 9.23 11.21 3.84 3.84 -0.08 0.90 37.14 6.90 4.31 10.12 11.09 3.84 3.84 5.88 9.35 0.90 0.15 35.91 27.52 1.22 26.24

0.00 0.00 6.09 9.93 0.21 16.62 3.35 3.14 9.08 12.13 2.86 2.86 -0.02 1.35 34.13 5.14 3.60 8.57 12.04 2.86 2.86 6.09 9.91 1.35 0.21 32.97 25.18 1.16 24.68

0.00 0.00 6.08 10.07 0.24 16.92 3.60 3.36 9.18 12.07 2.51 2.51 0.09 1.55 34.59 4.47 2.84 9.58 12.15 2.52 2.52 6.08 10.16 1.55 0.24 33.43 26.23 1.16 24.42

4.96 6.12 0.01 15.91 3.83 3.67 8.51 8.67 2.84 2.84

5.80 7.75 0.07 18.25 3.54 3.21 10.26 11.56 3.43 3.43

0.72 29.36 6.05 4.12 8.66 9.21 2.84 2.84 4.96 6.13 0.72 0.01 28.24 21.92 1.13 21.98

1.02 32.44 5.12 3.28 9.25 11.39 3.43 3.43 5.80 7.75 1.02 0.07 31.40 24.76 1.04 24.32

6.00 8.16 0.11 18.99 3.34 3.01 10.65 10.57 3.61 3.61 -0.08 1.46 34.54 4.94 2.93 10.33 10.83 3.61 3.61 6.00 8.09 1.46 0.11 33.38 26.44 1.15 25.19

1.30 7.67 1.33 3.94

1.03 7.81 1.21 4.48

0.89 8.15 1.10 4.23

0.85 7.72 1.03 4.89 0.00

0.64 7.16 0.91 4.96 0.00

0.66 6.71 0.86 5.40 0.00

5.61 2.13 0.00

6.51 3.27 0.02

6.94 3.85 0.03

7.18 4.54 0.04

6.87 4.08 0.05

6.81 3.93 0.06

9.87 4.18 5.44 1.01 0.76 0.72

12.20 4.28 4.49 2.32 0.77 0.26

11.88 4.65 5.02 2.62 0.75 0.27

11.34 4.86 5.81 3.08 0.81 0.34

10.75 4.87 5.12 2.89 0.79 0.27

10.71 4.76 5.07 2.88 0.72 0.28


226


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 14.43 16.26 16.47 15.54 16.65 16.25 Combustible Fuels 9.34 10.70 10.68 9.46 10.22 9.61 Nuclear 2.31 2.64 2.67 2.72 2.75 2.75 Hydro 2.78 2.88 3.04 3.16 3.22 3.25 Wind 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.20 0.45 0.63 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 64.04 69.98 70.58 80.67 71.26 68.09 Solid Fuels 16.62 12.45 11.00 20.83 13.86 11.33 Petroleum and Products 1.45 0.59 0.50 0.48 0.23 0.24 Gases 7.21 10.82 11.92 11.85 7.30 6.01 Nuclear 19.22 22.48 23.27 22.80 23.61 23.58 Renewables 19.55 23.38 23.47 24.20 25.63 26.27 Wastes, non-RES 0.00 0.07 0.18 0.21 0.34 0.38 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 5.83 6.17 6.10 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 27.46 29.24 24.32 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 38.9 % 36.2 % 34.1 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 249.98 272.84 251.21 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 4 127 4 217 4 574 4 638 4 571 4 189 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 2 024 1 748 1 835 1 531 1 417 1 364 Gas/Diesel Oil 1 650 1 943 2 167 2 433 2 425 2 109 Final Consumption Biofuels 140 223 498 Biogasoline 78 66 70 Biodiesel 63 157 428 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 238.0 205.2 192.3 198.5 181.8 185.6 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5 758.9 6 272.3 6 595.3 6 939.8 6 288.6 6 345.7 Final Electricity per Capita 12 790.8 14 635.4 15 420.1 15 603.1 14 730.9 14 517.2 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 228.8 198.6 185.8 192.0 175.6 179.3 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 53.6 % 55.1 % 54.2 % 47.8 % 48.5 % 48.8 % of Solid Fuels 63.4 % 69.1 % 67.7 % 57.6 % 65.3 % 80.4 % of Hard Coal 89.0 % 97.7 % 102.6 % 85.5 % 87.1 % 118.5 % of Petroleum Fuels 94.6 % 103.5 % 98.4 % 89.4 % 104.4 % 94.8 % of Crude and NGL 94.1 % 101.5 % 97.5 % 101.1 % 100.7 % 99.3 % of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 99.9 % 99.9 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 28.8 % 32.4 % 36.7 % 38.7 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 39.1 % 44.3 % 50.8 % 51.9 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 26.9 % 27.7 % 30.9 % 31.4 % RES-T – Transport 0.4 % 3.8 % 9.6 % 21.6 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 59.23 58.19 58.32 65.58 53.86 49.59 GHGs Emissions* 72.76 71.09 70.86 77.61 65.25 61.05 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 11 616.0 11 252.7 11 137.9 12 254.2 9 925.8 9 097.8 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 017.1 1 794.0 1 688.8 1 765.8 1 578.4 1 433.7 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 480.0 368.1 324.7 350.5 286.9 266.0 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

227


5.27 Sweden Mtoe, unless otherwise stated Production Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Wastes, Non-Renewable Net Imports Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Renewables Electricity Gross Inland Consumption Solid Fuels of which Hard Coal Petroleum and Products of which Crude and NGL Gases of which Natural Gas Nuclear Renewables Electricity Wastes, Non-Renewable Primary Energy Consumption Available for Final Consumption Final Non-Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels Petroleum and Products Gases Biomass and Renewable Wastes Solar Geothermal Electricity Derived heat Wastes, Non-Renewable by Sector Industry Transport Households Services Agriculture and Fishing Other

1995 31.38 0.22

2000 30.05 0.16

2005 34.26 0.21

2010 32.76 0.24

2013 34.80 0.19

2014 34.27 0.13

0.00 0.00 0.04

0.00

0.03

0.07

0.11

0.13

0.04

0.04

0.02

0.01

0.01

18.04 12.84 0.24 20.43 2.75 2.37 17.07 19.22 0.76 0.76

14.79 14.74 0.32 20.44 2.41 2.14 16.85 21.97 0.78 0.78

18.67 14.83 0.48 19.46 2.56 2.22 16.70 19.49 0.84 0.84

14.92 17.00 0.52 19.29 2.55 2.29 15.10 19.62 1.47 1.47

-0.14 51.47 2.88 2.33 16.82 19.36 0.80 0.76 18.04 12.84 -0.15 0.24 49.48 36.67 1.99 35.05

0.40 48.90 2.45 1.98 15.38 21.83 0.82 0.78 14.79 14.74 0.40 0.32 47.17 36.21 1.73 34.97

-0.64 50.99 2.63 2.12 14.14 19.40 0.89 0.84 18.67 14.83 -0.64 0.48 48.70 35.23 2.29 33.66

0.18 50.78 2.49 1.99 14.20 19.81 1.48 1.47 14.92 17.00 0.18 0.52 48.67 36.90 2.11 34.08

17.14 16.77 0.59 16.02 1.83 1.73 13.78 16.37 0.96 0.96 0.31 -0.86 49.13 2.22 1.94 12.00 16.10 0.96 0.96 17.14 17.08 -0.86 0.59 47.07 34.49 2.07 31.59

16.74 16.66 0.60 15.99 1.99 1.91 13.94 18.61 0.79 0.79 0.61 -1.34 48.17 2.10 1.84 12.00 18.71 0.80 0.79 16.74 17.27 -1.34 0.60 46.20 33.79 1.97 31.20

1.19 13.93 0.61 5.07 0.01

1.11 13.27 0.67 5.29 0.01

1.35 11.42 0.76 4.71 0.01

1.20 10.04 0.73 5.67 0.01

1.06 8.63 0.68 6.01 0.01

1.05 8.65 0.72 6.10 0.01

10.71 3.54 0.00

11.07 3.55 0.00

11.24 4.17 0.00

11.28 5.14 0.00

10.75 4.46 0.00

10.51 4.17 0.00

13.82 7.79 7.74 4.86 0.84 0.01

14.27 8.19 7.30 4.41 0.76 0.05

12.63 8.61 7.31 4.30 0.80 0.02

12.21 8.60 8.04 4.55 0.68 0.01

11.46 8.34 7.48 3.96 0.36

11.25 8.52 6.63 4.42 0.38


228


1995 2000 2005 2010 2013 2014 Installed Capacity (GW) 33.63 33.72 33.39 36.45 37.92 38.74 Combustible Fuels 7.35 7.53 7.08 8.72 7.78 8.08 Nuclear 10.06 9.46 9.47 8.98 9.41 9.51 Hydro 16.15 16.53 16.35 16.73 16.49 16.00 Wind 0.07 0.21 0.49 2.02 4.19 5.10 Solar PV 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.06 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 148.35 145.27 158.44 148.56 153.17 153.66 Solid Fuels 2.45 1.71 1.17 1.77 0.98 0.59 Petroleum and Products 3.95 1.53 1.38 1.77 0.41 0.30 Gases 1.34 1.29 1.34 3.78 1.20 0.82 Nuclear 69.94 57.32 72.38 57.83 66.46 64.88 Renewables 70.61 83.18 81.30 82.20 82.82 85.85 Wastes, non-RES 0.07 0.24 0.87 1.21 1.29 1.23 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) 3.49 5.10 4.80 n.a. CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) 10.67 18.53 15.59 n.a. CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) 6.7 % 12.5 % 10.2 % n.a. CHP Heat Production (PJ) 132.73 187.20 165.07 n.a. Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 7 550 7 907 8 217 7 959 7 348 7 377 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 4 559 4 265 4 142 3 320 2 662 2 850 Gas/Diesel Oil 2 100 2 671 3 154 3 653 3 746 3 668 Final Consumption Biofuels 134 376 631 788 Biogasoline 127 202 180 165 Biodiesel 7 174 451 623 Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 204.7 163.2 149.5 137.6 128.4 123.1 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 5 837.9 5 518.1 5 658.7 5 436.8 5 141.7 4 994.3 Final Electricity per Capita 14 128.9 14 526.4 14 503.6 14 047.9 13 082.6 12 669.0 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 196.8 157.4 142.7 131.9 123.1 118.1 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) 38.9 % 40.7 % 36.8 % 36.6 % 31.6 % 32.1 % of Solid Fuels 95.4 % 98.3 % 97.2 % 102.2 % 82.4 % 94.7 % of Hard Coal 101.6 % 107.7 % 104.3 % 115.2 % 89.4 % 103.9 % of Petroleum Fuels 95.6 % 100.8 % 104.0 % 93.6 % 101.4 % 101.7 % of Crude and NGL 99.3 % 100.6 % 100.4 % 99.0 % 101.7 % 99.4 % of Natural Gas 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap 40.6 % 47.2 % 52.0 % 52.6 % RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling 51.9 % 60.9 % 67.1 % 68.1 % RES-E – Electricity Generation 50.9 % 56.0 % 61.8 % 63.3 % RES-T – Transport 3.8 % 7.2 % 17.0 % 19.2 % Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 60.76 56.66 55.79 55.16 47.14 45.67 GHGs Emissions* 75.49 70.82 68.92 67.13 58.21 56.68 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 6 891.2 6 393.6 6 190.6 5 905.7 4 932.7 4 735.2 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 1 180.4 1 158.7 1 094.0 1 086.2 959.3 948.1 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 241.7 189.1 163.5 149.5 123.2 116.7 * Total emissions without LULUCF, with ind. CO2, including international aviation, excl. international maritime transport. Methodology, Sources and Notes: See Appendix 13 – No 5

229


5.28 United Kingdom Mtoe, unless otherwise stated 1995 Production 256.46 Solid Fuels 32.07 of which Hard Coal 32.07 Petroleum and Products 135.72 of which Crude and NGL 134.40 Gases 63.72 of which Natural Gas 63.72 Nuclear 22.95 Renewables 1.84 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.16 Net Imports -36.83 Solid Fuels 10.48 of which Hard Coal 10.26 Petroleum and Products -49.35 of which Crude and NGL -43.68 Gases 0.64 of which Natural Gas 0.64 Renewables Electricity 1.40 Gross Inland Consumption 222.25 Solid Fuels 47.18 of which Hard Coal 47.09 Petroleum and Products 83.61 of which Crude and NGL 91.60 Gases 65.12 of which Natural Gas 65.12 Nuclear 22.95 Renewables 1.84 Electricity 1.40 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.16 Primary Energy Consumption 209.76 Available for Final Consumption 157.11 Final Non-Energy Consumption 12.49 Final Energy Consumption 142.65 by Fuel/Product Solid Fuels 8.22 Petroleum and Products 61.02 Gases 47.14 Biomass and Renewable Wastes 0.86 Solar 0.01 Geothermal 0.00 Electricity 25.34 Derived heat 0.00 Wastes, Non-Renewable 0.06 by Sector Industry 34.87 Transport 47.67 Households 39.34 Services 16.32 Agriculture and Fishing 1.27 Other 3.18

2000 2005 268.55 204.43 18.66 11.90 18.66 11.90 127.94 87.94 127.81 87.62 97.55 79.40 97.55 79.40 21.94 21.05 2.26 3.55 0.19 0.59 -39.22 31.59 14.45 27.22 14.43 26.69 -45.58 -2.74 -41.82 -0.19 -9.31 5.97 -9.31 5.97 0.42 1.22 0.72 230.56 234.00 36.52 37.74 36.60 37.31 81.03 84.46 87.15 87.23 87.40 85.47 87.40 85.47 21.94 21.05 2.26 3.97 1.22 0.72 0.19 0.59 219.23 222.79 163.83 165.36 11.33 11.21 153.24 152.72

2013 110.29 7.44 7.44 42.18 42.16 32.87 32.87 18.21 8.84 0.74 94.98 30.56 30.08 28.56 21.56 32.92 32.92 1.69 1.24 202.17 37.22 36.81 68.61 63.80 65.68 65.68 18.21 10.48 1.24 0.74 195.12 144.81 7.06 137.20

2014 107.56 6.79 6.79 41.02 40.94 32.93 32.93 16.44 9.70 0.67 87.22 26.17 25.61 29.91 19.46 26.92 26.92 2.45 1.77 189.34 29.94 29.52 68.63 60.20 59.78 59.78 16.44 12.11 1.76 0.67 182.39 137.54 6.95 129.75

5.95 63.67 52.18 0.57 0.01 0.00 28.36 2.44 0.05

4.53 65.85 50.38 0.61 0.03 0.00 30.00 1.27 0.05

4.11 59.53 47.17 2.82 0.04 0.00 28.29 1.27 0.04

4.75 57.52 43.10 3.08 0.05 0.00 27.27 1.37 0.05

4.70 57.57 36.62 3.32 0.05 0.00 26.10 1.34 0.05

36.93 52.90 43.03 16.86 1.15 2.37

33.38 55.49 44.15 16.74 0.94 2.01

26.91 51.49 45.38 17.47 0.92 1.09

25.71 50.65 41.01 17.59 0.98 1.26

25.45 51.13 35.18 15.89 0.98 1.12


230

2010 148.03 10.71 10.71 63.65 63.65 51.47 51.47 16.03 5.78 0.39 61.07 16.05 16.31 11.02 9.74 32.20 32.20 1.57 0.23 212.48 30.72 31.14 72.71 73.59 85.05 85.05 16.03 7.35 0.23 0.39 204.70 152.25 7.77 143.26


1995 2000 Installed Capacity (GW) 70.13 78.39 Combustible Fuels 52.94 61.22 Nuclear 12.76 12.49 Hydro 4.22 4.27 Wind 0.20 0.41 Solar PV 0.00 Geothermal Tide, Wave and Ocean 0.00 Other Sources Gross Electricity Generation (TWh) 334.04 377.07 Solid Fuels 153.84 119.95 Petroleum and Products 17.30 8.45 Gases 65.10 150.43 Nuclear 88.96 85.06 Renewables 8.42 12.66 Wastes, non-RES 0.41 0.52 Cogeneration Heat and Power CHP Electrical Capacity (GW) CHP Electricity Generation (TWh) CHP in Total Electricity Generation (%) CHP Heat Production (PJ) Transport Fuels (ktoe) Final Consumption 46 975 52 154 Petroleum Products Motor Gasoline 23 543 23 167 Gas/Diesel Oil 15 322 17 754 Final Consumption Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Main Energy Indicators Energy Intensity (toe/M€'10) 168.2 149.0 Energy per Capita (kgoe/cap) 3 835.6 3 922.1 Final Electricity per Capita 5 086.4 5 610.7 (KWh/cap) Primary Energy Intensity 158.7 141.6 (toe/M€'10) Import Dependency (%) -16.4 % -16.9 % of Solid Fuels 22.2 % 39.6 % of Hard Coal 21.8 % 39.4 % of Petroleum Fuels -57.4 % -54.9 % of Crude and NGL -47.7 % -48.0 % of Natural Gas 1.0 % -10.7 % Renewables in Gross Final Energy (%) Overall RES with Aviation Cap RES-H&C – Heating and Cooling RES-E – Electricity Generation RES-T – Transport Gases Emissions (Mio ton CO2) CO2 Emissions* 578.53 588.46 GHGs Emissions* 768.99 744.02 Main Emissions Indicators CO2 per Capita (kg CO2/cap) 9 984.4 10 010.4 Carbon Intensity (kg CO2/toe) 2 603.1 2 552.3 CO2 GDP Intensity (ton CO2/M€'10) 437.8 380.2

2005 82.38 64.66 11.85 4.29 1.57 0.01

2010 93.75 73.00 10.87 4.39 5.40 0.10

2013 95.11 66.68 9.91 4.45 11.22 2.85

2014 97.01 64.24 9.94 4.47 12.99 5.38

0.00

0.00

0.00

398.36 381.77 359.17 338.93 134.64 107.69 130.87 100.85 5.34 4.95 1.86 1.67 154.34 176.44 96.93 101.84 81.62 62.14 70.61 63.75 19.87 28.97 56.18 67.54 2.56 1.59 2.72 3.28 5.44 6.10 6.22 27.24 23.64 19.66 6.8 % 6.2 % 5.5 % 185.24 155.52 142.50

n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

55 072 49 963 49 301 49 634 19 975 15 598 13 450 13 185 21 497 22 483 23 849 24 472 69 1 151 973 1 125 43 321 405 405 26 830 568 720 131.6 117.2 105.8 96.3 3 888.2 3 399.0 3 163.7 2 942.3 5 797.0 5 262.5 4 962.5 4 717.3 125.3

112.9

102.1

92.8

13.4 % 72.1 % 71.5 % -3.2 % -0.2 % 7.0 %

28.4 % 52.2 % 52.4 % 14.6 % 13.2 % 37.9 %

46.4 % 82.1 % 81.7 % 40.2 % 33.8 % 50.1 %

45.5 % 87.4 % 86.8 % 42.2 % 32.3 % 45.0 %

1.4 % 0.8 % 4.1 % 0.3 %

3.7 % 5.6 % 7.0 % 2.8 % 3.8 % 4.5 % 7.4 % 13.8 % 17.8 % 3.1 % 4.4 % 4.9 %

595.66 536.26 505.37 464.62 727.27 642.06 598.93 556.65 9 897.6 8 578.7 7 908.1 7 220.1 2 545.5 2 523.9 2 499.7 2 453.9 335.0 295.7 264.4 236.4


231

Appendices

Appendices


Summary Appendices Methodology�� 236 Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature�� 236 Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN�� 237 Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE�� 238 Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR�� 239 Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN�� 240 Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE�� 241 Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR�� 242 Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations�� 243 Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes�� 244 Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors�� 245 Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values�� 246

Appendix Glossary�� 247 Appendix 12 – Glossary�� 247

Appendix Notes�� 257 Appendix 13 – Notes�� 257

Notes�� 262

235

Appendices

Appendices Methodology ESTAT – Energy Numeric Code

Belgique/België Bulgaria* Česká republika Danmark Deutschland Eesti Éire/Ireland Elláda España France Hrvatska Italia Kýpros Latvija Lietuva Luxembourg Magyarország Malta Nederland Österreich Polska Portugal România Slovenija Slovensko Suomi/Finland Sverige United Kingdom

ESTAT Partner Code

ISG Short Name, Source Language*

Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Germany Estonia Ireland Greece Spain France Croatia Italy Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom

ISO 3166 Alpha-2 Country Codes

ISG Short Name EN


ISG Protocol Order

Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG) Country Code

Appendix 1 – Country Nomenclature

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE GR ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE GB

0012 0068 0061 0008 0004 0053 0007 0009 0042 0001 0092 0005 0600 0055 0054 0022 0064 0085 0003 0038 0060 0040 0066 0091 0063 0032 0030 0006

09 82 22 10 04 85 12 11 15 06 84 07 21 24 25 13 23 27 08 16 87 14 83 86 26 18 17 05

* Latin transliterated. EU Interinstitutional Style Guide (ISG): http://publications.europa.eu/code/ Eurostat Website: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ ISO 3166 Country Codes Maintenance Agency: http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists.htm

236


Appendix 2 – Main Indicators – EN ESTAT Energy Database – EN Indicator B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

Code Primary production Recovered products Imports Stock changes Exports Net imports Final energy consumption Bunkers Gross inland consumption Transformation input Transformation output Exchanges, transfers, returns Consumption in energy sector Distribution losses Energy available for final consumption Final energy consumption Final energy consumption – industry Iron and steel Non-ferrous metals Chemical and petrochemical Non-metallic minerals Mining and quarrying Food and tobacco Textile and leather Paper, pulp and print Wood and wood products Construction Final energy consumption – transport Final energy consumption – rail transport Final energy consumption – road transport Final energy consumption – air transport Final energy consumption – inland navigation Final energy consumption – households, commerce, etc. Residential Final energy consumption – agriculture Final energy consumption – services Final energy consumption – fisheries Final energy consumption – other sectors Statistical difference

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

237

Appendices

Appendix 3 – Main Indicators – DE ESTAT Energy Database – DE Indicator B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

Code Primärerzeugung Wiedergewinnung Gesamteinfuhren Bestandsveränderungen Gesamtausfuhren Nettoeinfuhren Energetischer Endverbrauch Bunker Bruttoinlandsverbrauch Umwandlungseinsatz Umwandlungsausstoß Austausch, Übertragung, Rückläufe Verbrauch des Produktionsbereichs Energie Netzverluste Für den Endverbrauch zur Verfügung stehende Energie Energetischer Endverbrauch Energetischer Endverbrauch der Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Stahlindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der NE-Metallindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der chemischen Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nichtmetallische Mineralstoffe verarbeitenden Industrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Erzgewinnungsindustrie (mit Ausnahme der Brenn- und Kraftstoffgewinnung) Energetischer Endverbrauch der Nahrungs- und Genussmittelindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Textil-, Lederwaren- und Bekleidungsindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Papier- und Druckindustrie Energetischer Endverbrauch der Holz Energetischer Endverbrauch – Baugewerbe Energetischer Endverbrauch im Verkehrssektor Energetischer Endverbrauch des Bahnverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch des Strassenverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch des Luftverkehrs Energetischer Endverbrauch der Binnenschifffahrt Energetischer Endverbrauch der Privathaushalte, des Handels usw.. Energetischer Endverbrauch der Privathaushalte Energetischer Endverbrauch der Landwirtschaft Energetischer Endverbrauch des Dienstleistungssektors Energetischer Endverbrauch des Fischereisektors Energetischer Endverbrauch anderer Sektoren Statistische Differenz

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

238


Appendix 4 – Main Indicators – FR ESTAT Energy Database – FR Indicator B_100100 B_100200 B_100300 B_100400 B_100500 B_100600 B_101700 B_100800 B_100900 B_101000 B_101100 B_101200 B_101300 B_101400 B_101500 B_101700 B_101800 B_101805 B_101810 B_101815 B_101820 B_101825 B_101830 B_101835 B_101840 B_101851 B_101852 B_101900 B_101910 B_101920 B_101930 B_101940 B_102000 B_102010 B_102030 B_102035 B_102020 B_102040 B_102200

Code Production primaire Récupération Importations totales Variations de stocks Exportations totales Importations nettes Consommation finale énergétique Soutes maritimes Consommation intérieure brute Entrées en transformation Sorties de transformation Échanges, transferts, restitutions Consommation de la branche énergie Pertes sur les réseaux Disponible pour la consommation finale Consommation finale énergétique Consommation finale énergétique – industrie Consommation finale énergétique – sidérurgie Consommation finale énergétique – métaux non ferreux Consommation finale énergétique – chimie et pétrochimie Consommation finale énergétique – minéraux non métalliques Consommation finale énergétique – extraction Consommation finale énergétique – aliments, boissons Consommation finale énergétique – textile, cuir, habillement Consommation finale énergétique – papier, carton, imprimerie Consommation finale énergétique – bois Consommation finale énergétique – construction Consommation finale énergétique – transports Consommation finale énergétique – transports ferroviaires Consommation finale énergétique – transports routiers Consommation finale énergétique – transports aériens Consommation finale énergétique – navigation intérieure Consommation finale énergétique – foyers, etc. Consommation finale énergétique – ménages Consommation finale énergétique – agriculture Consommation finale énergétique – services Consommation finale énergétique – pêche Consommation finale énergétique – autres Écart statistique

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

239

Appendices

Appendix 5 – Main Products – EN ESTAT Energy Database – EN Indicator 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 5100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

Code All products Solid fuels Hard coal and derivatives Hard coal Patent fuels Coke Lignite and derivatives Total petroleum and products Crude oil and feedstocks Crude oil Crude oil and NGL Feedstocks All petroleum product LPG Motor spirit Motor gasoline, unleaded motor spirit Kerosenes – jet fuels Naphtha Gas / diesel oil Residual fuel oil Gas Natural gas Derived gas Nuclear power Derived heat Renewable energies Hydro power Wind energy Solar energy Tide/wave/ocean energy Biomass and wastes Wood and wood waste Biogas Municipal solid wastes – RES Biofuels Biogasoline Biodiesel Geothermal energy Electrical energy Industrial waste

Source: Coded, Eurostat’s Concepts and Definitions Database: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

240


Appendix 6 – Main Products – DE ESTAT Energy Database – DE Indicator 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 4100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

Code Alle produkte Feste Brennstoffe Steinkohle und Nebenprodukte Steinkohle Steinkohlebriketts Koks Braunkohle und Nebenprodukte Rohöl und Mineralölerzeugnisse Rohöl und Feedstocks Rohöl Rohöl und Erdgaskondensate Feedstocks Alle Mineralölerzeugnisse Flüssiggas Motorenbenzin Unverbleites Benzin Petroleum und Flugturbinenkraftstoffe Rohbenzin Dieselkraftstoffe und Destillatheizöle Rückstandsheizöle Gas Naturgas Abgeleitete Gase Kernenergie Abgeleitete Wärme Erneuerbare Energien Wasserkraftenergie Windenergie Sonnenenergie Gezeiten-/Wellen-/Meeresenergie Biomasse und Abfälle Holz und Holzabfälle Biogas Hausmüll Erneuerbare Biotreibstoff Biobenzin Biodiesel Geothermische Energie Elektrizität Industrieabfälle

Source: Coded, Eurostat Datenbank für Konzepte und Begriffe: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

241

Appendices

Appendix 7 – Main Products – FR ESTAT Energy Database – FR Indicator 0000 2000 2100 2111 2112 2120 2200 3000 3100 3105 3110 3190 3200 3220 3230 3234 3240 3250 3260 3270A 4000 4100 4200 5100 5200 5500 5510 5520 5530 5535 5540 5541 5542 55431 5545 5546 5547 5550 6000 7100

Code Tous produits Combustibles solides Houille et dérivés solides Houille Agglomérés de houille Coke Lignite et dérivés Pétrole brut et produits pétroliers Pétrole brut et feedstocks Pétrole brut Pétrole brut et liquides de gaz naturel Feedstocks Tous produits pétroliers GPL Essences moteurs Essences sans plomb Pétrole lampant et carburéacteurs Naphta Gasoil et fuel oil fluide Fuel oil résiduel Gaz Gaz naturel Gaz dérivés Énergie nucléaire Chaleur dérivée Énergies renouvelables Hydro-électricité Énergie éolienne Énergie solaire Énergie hydrocinétique/houlomotrice/marémotrice Biomasse/déchets Bois – déchets de bois Biogaz Déchets urbains solides renouvelables Biocarburants Bioessence Biodiesel Énergie géothermique Énergie électrique Déchets industriels

Source: Coded, Base de Données de Concepts et Définitions d’Eurostat: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/

242


Appendix 8 – Symbols and Abbreviations % € 0 bbl bcm Blank CHP CO2 DG EEA equiv. ESTAT GCV GDP GHG GJ IEA k kgoe ktoe kton kWh LPG M€ '2010 m3 Mio MS MSW Mtoe MW MWh NCV NGL p/cap PJ PV RES RES-E RES-H&C RES-T SI Units TJ toe ton TPES TWh UNFCCC VAT

per cent euro zero or figure less than half of the unit represented barrel billion cubic meters data not available combined heat & power carbon dioxide Directorate-General of the European Commission European Environment Agency equivalent Eurostat, Statistical Office of the European Union gross calorific value gross domestic product greenhouse gas gigajoule International Energy Agency thousand kilogram of oil equivalent kiloton of oil equivalent kiloton kilowatt hour liquefied petroleum gas millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, reference year 2010, at 2010 exchange rates cubic meter million European Union Member State municipal solid waste million ton of oil equivalent megawatt megawatt hour net calorific value natural gas liquid per capita petajoule photovoltaic renewable energy renewable energy – electricity generation renewable energy – heating and cooling renewable energy – transport International System of Units terajoule ton of oil equivalent metric ton, metric tonne, mt Total Primary Energy Supply terawatt hour United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change value added tax

243

Appendices

Appendix 9 – SI Units – Prefixes Standard Prefixes for the SI Units of Measure 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 6 10 9 10 12 10 15 10 18 10 21 10 24

244

Multiple deca (da) hecto (h) kilo (k) mega (M) giga (G) tera (T) peta (P) exa (E) zetta (Z) yotta (Y)

10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -6 10 -9 10 -12 10 -15 10 -18 10 -21 10 -24

Sub-Multiple deci (d) centi (c) milli (m) micro (µ) nano (n) pico (p) femto (f) atto (a) zepto (z) yocto (y)


Appendix 10 – Conversion Factors ENERGY

TO:

TJ

Gcal

Mtoe

GWh

238.8

2.388 x 10 -5

0.2778

1

1 x 10 -7

1.163 x 10 -3

1 x 10 7

1

11 630

860

8.6 x 10 -5

1

bbl

gal US

gal UK

1

0.6290 x 10 -2

0.2642

0.2200

158.99

1

42

34.9723

Multiply by FROM:

Terajoule (TJ)

1

Gigacalorie (Gcal) 4.1868 x 10 Million ton of oil 4 equivalent (Mtoe) 4.1868 x 10 Gigawatt-hour GWh 3.6

-3

VOLUME

TO:

l Multiply by

FROM:

Litre (l) Barrel (bbl) US gallon (gal US)

3.7854

0.2381 x 10 -1

1

0.8327

UK gallon (gal UK)

4.5461

0.2859 x 10 -1

1.2009

1

t

lt

st

MASS

TO:

FROM:

Multiply by Ton, Tonne (t)

1

0.9842

1.1023

Long ton (lt) UK

1.0160

1

1.1200

Short ton (st) US

0.9072

0.8929

1

245

Appendices

Appendix 11 – Average Calorific Values Energy Content Hard Coal Recovered Hard Coal Patent Fuels Hard Coke Brown Coal Black Lignite Peat Brown Coal Briquettes Tar Benzol Oil Equivalent Crude Oil Feedstocks Refinery Gas LPG Motor Spirit Kerosenes, Jet Fuel Naphtha Gas Diesel Oil Residual Fuel Oil White Spirit Lubricants Bitumen Petroleum Cokes Other Petro. Products Electrical Energy

246

1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kg 1 kWh

kJ (NCV) 17 200 – 30 700 13 800 – 28 300 26 800 – 31 400 28 500 5 600 – 10 500 10 500 – 21 000 7 800 – 13 800 20 000 37 700 39 500 41 868 41 600 – 42 800 42 500 50 000 46 000 44 000 43 000 44 000 42 300 40 000 44 000 42 300 37 700 31 400 30 000 3 600

kgoe (NCV) 0.411 – 0.733 0.330 – 0.676 0.640 – 0.750 0.681 0.134 – 0.251 0.251 – 0.502 0.186 – 0.330 0.478 0.900 0.943 1 0.994 – 1.022 1.015 1.194 1.099 1.051 1.027 1.051 1.010 0.955 1.051 1.010 0.900 0.750 0.717 0.086


Appendix Glossary Appendix 12 – Glossary In parenthesis EUROSTAT Energy database/EUROBASE, (Energy section) codes for products (p:) and indicators (B_), as of June 2016. ALL FUELS The code ‘all fuels’, (p: 0000), covers all energy products. These consist of hard coal and derivatives, lignite and derivatives, peat and derivatives, oil shale and oil sands, petroleum (crude oil) and petroleum products (such as LPG, refinery gas, motor spirit, kerosene, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil), natural gas, manufactured gases, derived heat, renewable energies (such as hydro power, wind energy, biomass, wastes, geothermal energy), electrical energy and nuclear power. ANNUAL INSTALLED CAPACITY Annual installed or new installed capacity of a given source refers to the capacity entering in operation, during a year period. AUTOPRODUCER THERMAL POWER STATIONS Autoproducer thermal power stations are defined as undertakings which generate electricity wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. AVAILABLE FOR FINAL CONSUMPTION (ENERGY) Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: gross inland consumption (B_100900) + transformation output (B_101100) - transformation input (B_101000) + exchanges, transfers, returns (B_101200) - consumption of the energy sector (B_101300) - distribution losses (B_101400). BIOFUELS Liquid or gaseous fuels used primarily for transport, produced from biomass, and wastes (p:5545). Liquid biofuels cover bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass), biodiesel (diesel produced from biomass or used fried oil), bio methanol, bio-dimethylether and bio-oil (a pyrolysis oil fuel produced from biomass). The code biofuels (p:5545), groups biogasoline (p:5546), biodiesel (p:5547), bio jet kerosene (p:5549) and other liquid biofuels (p:5548).

247

Appendices

BIOMASS AND RES WASTES Biomass and RES wastes (p: 5540), covers organic, non-fossil material of biological origin, which may be used for heat production or electricity generation. They comprise wood and wood waste (p: 5541), biogas (p: 5542), municipal RES solid waste (p:55431), charcoal (p:5544) and biofuels (p: 5545). The non-renewable part of municipal waste (p: 55432) and the industrial waste (p:7100) are included in Wastes non-RES (p:7200). CAPACITY FACTOR – ANNUAL AVERAGE It is a measure of efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of actual energy output of a source against its annual maximum potential output, or in other words, to the energy it would produce if operated at full rated power for 24 hours per day during a year. It is equal to the total annual energy production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to average statistical year base. CARBON ENERGY INTENSITY This is the average emission rate of CO2 relative to the intensity of the energy activity. It is calculated, in the tables, in kg CO2 emissions per ton of oil equivalent of energy used. CARBON GDP INTENSITY This represents the average emission rate of CO2 emissions of an economy relative to its GDP. CHP – COMBINED HEAT AND POWER A combined heat and power unit is an installation in which energy released from fuel combustion is partly used for generating electrical energy and partly for supplying heat for various purposes. The definition of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) or ‘cogeneration’ implies that heat and electricity are produced simultaneously in one process. CO2 ENERGY INTENSITY Vide Carbon Energy Intensity. CONVENTIONAL THERMAL POWER It is a technology for the production of electricity by fuel combustion. It will include biomass use, which is also considered a renewable source of electricity. Thermal power stations cover conventional public utility power stations for the production of electricity and heat, as well as in auto-producer power stations for the generation of electricity and heat sold to third parties only. CUMULATIVE INSTALLED CAPACITY This represents the running sum for consecutive periods of a given installed source. It indicates the total capacity availability in each of those periods.

248


ELECTRICITY MIX The electricity mix is the proportion of different sources in electricity production. While energy mix is measured at gross inland consumption level, electricity mix is measured at energy transformation level. ENERGY AVAILABLE FOR FINAL CONSUMPTION Energy available for final consumption, (B_101500), covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. This code is calculated as follows: gross inland consumption + transformation output - transformation input + exchanges, transfers, returns - consumption of the energy sector distribution losses. It includes final non energy consumption, (B_101600). ENERGY IMPORT DEPENDENCY Energy dependency shows the extent to which a country relies upon imports in order to meet its energy needs. It is calculated using the following formula: net imports (B_100300–B_100500)/(gross inland consumption (B_100900) + bunkers (B_100800)). ENERGY INTENSITY Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is being used to produce added value. It is defined as the ratio of gross inland consumption of energy (B_100900), to gross domestic product. ENERGY MIX The energy mix is the proportion of different sources in energy production, supply side, at gross inland consumption level. ENERGY SECTOR BROAD DEFINITION It includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector as well as the energy commodities production activities, mining and extraction, support activities and manufacture of energy products. ENERGY SECTOR NARROW DEFINITION It includes the electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply sector. EUROBASE The Eurostat, web based, dissemination database contains the full range of publically available data from Eurostat. FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION (FEC) Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses, (B_101700). It excludes deliveries to the energy transformation sector (B_101000…) and to the energy industries themselves (B_101300…). It is the sum of final energy consumption by industry (B_101800), transport (B_101900), household (B_102010), services (B_102035), agriculture/forestry (B_102030), fishing (B_102020) and other unspecified (B_102040). 249

Appendices

FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION – TRANSPORT Final energy consumption – transport, (B_101900), covers the consumption in all types of transportation, i.e., rail, road, air transport and inland navigation. FINAL NON-ENERGY CONSUMPTION (FNEC) Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products for nonenergy purposes (B_101600). It is the sum of final non-energy consumption in the chemical industry, (B_101601) and in non-chemical industries (B_101602). GASES, GASEOUS FUELS Gases covers fossil natural gas and derived gases, coke oven gas (p:4210), blast furnace gas (p:4220), gas work gas (p:4230), and oxygen steel furnace gas (p:4240). Gases (p:4000) is the sum of natural gas (p:4100) and derived gases (p:4200). GDP – GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT The gross domestic product is the value of the output of all goods and services produced within the borders of a country. The income measure of gross domestic product (GDP) is derived as compensation of employees plus gross operating surplus plus gross mixed incomes plus taxes less subsidies on both production and imports. GDP AT CONSTANT MARKET PRICES GDP values, used, were referenced to year 2010, in millions of euro, chainlinked volumes, at 2010 exchange rates. GHG – GREEN HOUSES GASES GHG includes gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect. The Kyoto Protocol covers a basket of six greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by human activities: Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride. GROSS CALORIFIC VALUE (GCV) The gross calorific value is the total amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity includes the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel and of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included.

250


GROSS ELECTRICITY GENERATION PENETRATION LEVEL Electricity penetration level refers to the fraction of gross electricity production of a source, compared with the total gross electricity generation, all sources. GROSS FINAL CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY Gross final consumption of energy means the energy commodities delivered for energy purposes, including the consumption of electricity and heat, by the energy branch for electricity and heat production including losses of electricity and heat in distribution. It excludes the final non energy use (FNEC). The gross (overall) final consumption of energy from renewable sources is calculated as the sum of: (a) gross final consumption of electricity from renewable energy sources; (b) gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources for heating and cooling; and (c) final consumption of energy from renewable sources in transport. GROSS HEAT PRODUCED It is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary energy form. For auto-producers, the heat used by the undertaking for its own processes is not included here. Only heat sold to third parties should be reported. GROSS INLAND CONSUMPTION (GIC) Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration, (B_100900). It is calculated using the following formula: indigenous production (B_100100) + primary product receipts (B_100110)+ recovered products from other sources (B_100200)+ recycled products (B_100210) + imports (B_100300) + stock changes (B_100400) - exports (B_100500) - international marine bunkers (B_100800). GROSS INSTALLED (ELECTRICITY) CAPACITY This covers the gross installed electrical capacity of thermal, nuclear, hydro, geothermal, wind and any other types of power plants. ISIC The International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities is a United Nations system for classifying economic activity data, in the fields of production, employment, gross domestic product and other statistical areas. ISG The Inter-institutional style guide is intended to serve as a reference tool for written works for all European Union institutions, bodies and organisations, representing an achievement in linguistic harmonisation.

251

Appendices

INHABITANTS This represents the group of persons fulfilling the requirements for legal permanent residency in a region/country. LFS The EU Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a large sample survey among private households which provides detailed annual and quarterly data on: employment, unemployment and inactivity. The LFS is an important source of information about the situation and trends in the EU labour market, with a sample size is about 1.5 million people every quarter. The data can be broken down along many dimensions including age, sex, educational attainment, and distinctions between permanent/temporary and full-time/part-time employment. In terms of employment figures are more representative of the total sector, but unfortunately not so disaggregated as the SBS survey. LONG SCALE – SHORT SCALE The long and short scales are two of several different large-number naming systems used for integer powers of ten. Many countries, including most in continental Europe, use the long scale whereas most English-speaking countries and Arabic-speaking countries use the short scale. In the long scale every new term greater than a million is a million times the previous term. Thus, billion means a million millions, trillion means a million billions, and so on. In the short scale every new term greater than million is 1 000 times the previous term. Thus, billion means a thousand millions, trillion means a thousand billions. Name

Long Scale Value in Scientific notation

Short Scale Value in Scientific notation

million

10 6

10 6

billion

10

12

10 9

trillion

10

18

10 12

to the next:

to the next:

multiply by 1 000 000

multiply by 1 000

Milliard, is used in several languages that use the long scale to represent a corresponding value to billions in short scale, i.e. 109.

NACE NACE is the acronym used to designate the various statistical classifications of economic activities developed since 1970 in the European Union. It provides the framework for collecting and presenting a large range of statistical data according to economic activity in the fields of economic statistics (e.g. production, employment, national accounts) and in other statistical domains.

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NET CALORIFIC VALUE (NCV) The net calorific value is the amount of heat released by a unit quantity of fuel, when it is burned completely with oxygen, and when the products of combustion are returned to ambient temperature. This quantity does not include the heat of condensation of any water vapour contained in the fuel nor of the water vapour formed by the combustion of any hydrogen contained in the fuel. NET IMPORTS Net import is calculated as the difference between imports (B_100300) and exports (B_100500). NET ELECTRICITY GENERATION It is the amount of gross generation a generator produces less the electricity used to operate the plant. PETROLEUM AND PRODUCTS Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products include crude oil (p: 3105), natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstocks (p:3190) and all petroleum sub-products such as LPG (p:3220), refinery gas (p:3210), motor gasoline (p:3234) aviation gasoline (p:3235), kerosene and jet fuels (p:3240), naphtha (p:3250), gas/diesel oil (p:3260), residual fuel oil (p:3270A), white spirit, lubricants, bitumen, petroleum coke (p:3280) and other petroleum products (p:3295). Petroleum and petroleum products (p:3000) is the sum of Crude oil, NGL, feedstocks, and other hydrocarbon (p:3100) and all petroleum sub-products (p:3200). PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION Primary energy corresponds to the gross inland consumption minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption. PRIMARY ENERGY INTENSITY Primary energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which primary energy consumption produces added value. It is defined as the ratio of primary energy consumption to gross domestic product. PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION – INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION Any kind of extraction of energy products from natural sources to a usable form is called primary production. Primary production takes place when the natural sources are exploited, for example in coal mines, crude oil fields, hydro power plants or fabrication of biofuels. Transformation of energy from one form to another, such as electricity or heat generation in thermal power plants, or coke production in coke ovens, is not included in primary production (B_100100).

253

Appendices

The precise definition depends on the fuel involved: > SOLID FOSSIL FUELS: HARD COAL, LIGNITE, PEAT… Quantities of fuels extracted or produced, calculated after any operation for removal of inert matter. In general, production includes the quantities consumed by the producer during the production as well as any quantities supplied to other on-site producers of energy for transformation or other uses. > LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS: PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM SUB PRODUCTS Quantities of fuels extracted or produced within national boundaries, including off-shore production. Production includes only marketable production, and excludes any quantities returned to formation. Production includes all crude oil, natural gas liquids (NGL), condensates and oil from shale and tar sands, etc. > GAS FOSSIL FUELS: NATURAL GAS AND DERIVED GAS Quantities of dry gas, measured after purification and extraction of natural gas liquids and sulphur. The production includes only marketable production, and excludes any quantities re-injected, vented and flared, and any extraction losses. The production includes all quantities used within the natural gas industry, in gas extraction, pipeline systems and processing plants. > NUCLEAR HEAT Quantities of heat produced in a reactor. Production is the actual heat produced or the heat calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and the thermal efficiency of the nuclear plant. > RENEWABLE ENERGY > Hydropower, Wind energy, Solar thermal, Solar photovoltaic energy... Quantities of electricity generated. Production is calculated on the basis of the gross electricity generated and a conversion factor of 3 600 kJ/kWh. > Geothermal energy Quantities of heat extracted from geothermal fluids. Production is calculated on the basis of the difference between the enthalpy of the fluid produced in the production borehole and that of the fluid disposed of via the re-injection borehole. > Biomass/Wastes In the case of municipal solid wastes (MSW), wood, wood wastes and other solid wastes, production is the heat produced after combustion and corresponds to the heat content (NCV) of the fuel. In the case of anaerobic digestion of wet wastes, production is the heat content (NCV) of the biogases produced. The production includes all quantities of gas consumed in the installation for the fermentation processes, and excludes all quantities of flared gases. In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel .In the case of biofuels, the production is the heat content (NCV) of the fuel.

254


PUMPING, PUMPED STORAGE Method for storing electrical energy at hydroelectric installations by pumping water between reservoirs at different altitudes. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES (RES) Vide Primary Energy Production. PUBLIC SUPPLY THERMAL POWER STATIONS Are defined as undertakings which generate electricity (and heat) for sale to third parties as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. SOLAR ENERGY Solar radiation exploited for hot water production - solar thermal (p:5532) and electricity generation – solar photovoltaic (p:5534). This energy production (p:5530), is the heat available to the heat transfer medium, i.e. the incident solar energy less the optical and collectors’ losses. SOLID FUELS Solid fuels cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal (p: 2111), coal patent fuels (p: 2112), coke (p: 2120), coal tar (p: 2130), lignite (p: 2210), browncoal briquettes and peat briquettes (p: 2230) and peat (p: 2310). Solid fuels (p: 2000) is the sum of the codes hard coal and derivatives (p: 2100) and lignite and derivatives (p: 2200). SBS Structural business statistics cover industry, construction, trade and services. Presented according to the NACE activity classification, they describe the structure, conduct and performance of businesses across the European Union. TONNE OF OIL EQUIVALENT (toe) The tonne of oil equivalent is a conventional standardised unit for measuring energy, defined on the basis of a tonne of oil with a net calorific value of 41 868 kilojoules/kg. TPES Total primary energy supply, an IEA definition, represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration. It corresponds to EUROSTAT gross inland consumption. It is equal to the indigenous production + imports - exports - international marine bunkers +/- stock changes.

255

Appendices

TRANSFORMATION INPUT Covers all inputs into the transformation plants destined to be converted into derived products, (B_101000). Transformation is only recorded when the energy products are physically or chemically modified to produce other energy products, electricity and/or heat. It is the sum of the Input to conventional thermal power stations (B_101001), Input to nuclear power stations (B_101002), Input to patent fuel and briquetting plants (B_101003), Input to coke-oven plants (B_101004), Input to blast furnace plants (B_101006), Input to gas-works (B_101007), Input to refineries (B_101008), Input to district heating plants and (B_ 101009). TRANSFORMATION OUTPUT It is the result of the transformation process of energy, (B_101100). This output covers derived products, namely: patent fuel, coke, brown-coal and peat briquettes, pitch, tar, benzol, refined petroleum products, derived gases, electricity from conventional thermal and nuclear power stations and derived heat. Transformation output refers always to gross production of derived products, i.e. the own consumption of the transformation plants is included. It is the sum of the Output from conventional thermal power stations (B_101101), Output from nuclear power stations (B_101102), Output from patent fuel and briquetting plants (B_101103), Output from coke-oven plants (B_101104), Output from blast furnace plants (B_101106), Output from gas-works (B_101107), Output from refineries (B_101108) and Output from district heating plants (B_101109). TRANSFORMATION LOSSES The difference between transformation input and transformation output constitutes transformation losses. TURNOVER Or Gross Premium Written comprises the totals invoiced by the observation unit during the reference period, and this corresponds to market sales of goods or services supplied to third parties. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE The unemployment rate represents unemployed persons as a percentage of the active population.

256


Appendix Notes Appendix 13 – Notes APPENDIX 13.1 1.1.1, 1.1.2 PAGES 10, 11 Energy production corresponds to the indigenous energy production (IEA methodology). It does not include production from other sources. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.2, 1.1.4, 1.1.6, 1.1.8, PAGES 11, 13, 15 AND 17 Solid fuels, includes hard coal, lignite and peat, as well as derived fuels. Petroleum and (petroleum) sub-products comprises crude oil, NGL, feedstock, additives as well as other hydrocarbons. RES (renewables) is equal to the sum of hydro, geothermal, solar PV, solar thermal, tide, wind, municipal waste, primary solid biofuels, biogases, bio gasoline, biodiesel, other liquid biofuels, non-specified biofuels and charcoal energy. Industrial waste not included. 1.1.3, 1.1.4, PAGES 12, 13 Gross inland consumption, EUROSTAT methodology (see glossary), corresponds to the Total primary energy supply (see glossary TPES), of the IEA methodology. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.5, 1.1.6, PAGES 14, 15 Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses. Asia aggregation does not include China data. 1.1.8, PAGE 17 It is the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges. However only autoproducers heat sold to third parties is here included. Autoproducers heat, used by the undertaking for their own processes, is excluded. 1.1.10, PAGE 19 CO2 Intensity refers to CO2 emissions activity intensity, measured by its energy gross inland consumption. 1.2.5, PAGE 25 Natural gas, crude oil and solid fuels (p:4100, p:3105 and p:2000). 1.3.1, PAGE 27 Overall RES share, measured against the total gross final energy consumption.

257

Appendices

APPENDIX 13.2 2.1.1, PAGES 35-37 Production comprises primary production and products recovered from other sources, (B_100100 + B_100110+ B_100200+ B_100210). 2.1.2, PAGES 38-40 Net imports correspond to the total imports minus the total exports, (B_100300 – B_100500). 2.1.3, PAGES 41-44 Gross inland consumption represents the quantity of energy necessary to satisfy inland consumption of the geographical entity under consideration, (B_100900). 2.2.1, PAGES 45-49 Solid fuels, (p:2000), cover solid fossil fuels such as hard coal, coal patent fuels, coke, coal tar, lignite, brown-coal briquettes, peat briquettes, peat and oil sands. Hard coal, (p:2111), comprises, only, coking coal and steam coal. 2.2.2, PAGES 50-54 Total Petroleum and sub-petroleum products, (p:3000), include crude oil (p: 3105), natural gas liquids (p:3106), feedstock (p:3190) and all petroleum sub-products. Crude oil and NGL (p:3110) is a subgroup containing only crude oil (p: 3105) and natural gas liquids (p:3106) codes. 2.2.3, PAGES 55-58 Gases, (p:4000), include natural gas (p:4100) and derived gases (p:4200). 2.2.5, PAGES 63-65 For products see former points 2.2.1 to 2.2.3. 2.3, PAGES 66-72 See, glossary energy import dependency, appendix 12. Please note that hard coal dependency is a part of the solid fuels dependency, natural gas, of the gases dependency, and crude and NGL of the total petroleum and petroleum sub-products dependency. The total import dependency – covers all fuels, and it is not a simple average of the upper mentioned products. 2.5.1, PAGE 79 Energy available for final consumption covers the energy placed at the disposal of final users. It includes final non energy consumption. 2.5.2, PAGES 80-83 Final energy consumption covers energy supplied to the final consumer’s door for all energy uses. It does not include final non-energy consumption.

258


2.5.3, PAGE 84 Final non-energy consumption covers the use of energy products in nonenergy purposes. 2.5.4, PAGE 85 Primary energy intensity corresponds to the gross inland consumption minus the energy included in the final non-energy consumption, (B_100900B_101600). 2.6.1, PAGES 86-88 Installed capacity represents the maximum active power that can be supplied, continuously, with all systems running. Please note that combustible fuels include not only fossil fuels, as well as biomass and wastes, that are later included, also, in the renewables installed capacity. 2.6.2, PAGES 89-93 The gross electricity generation is measured at the outlet of the main transformers, i.e. the consumption of electricity in the plant auxiliaries and in transformers is included. 2.7.1, PAGES 95-96 The share of the solar and wind energy is measured against to total installed capacity, all sources. 2.7.2-2.7.8, PAGES 97-105 Wind and solar energy generated by all producers. Annual installed capacity includes new installations and replacement of former wind or solar systems. 2.7.3, 2.7.4, PAGES 100-101 Gross electricity production wind share measures the percentage of wind produced electricity in the total production. Average capacity factor it is the ratio of actual energy output of wind sources against its annual maximum potential output. It is equal to the total annual electricity production, divided by the cumulative capacity converted to an average statistical year base. 2.7.8, PAGE 105 Gross electricity production solar share measures the percentage of solar produced electricity in the total production. 2.8, PAGES 106-108 The data collection for CHP generation is not based in the annual Heat survey, but instead in a specific survey in accordance with the Community Directive 2004/8/EC. Differences can appear between the two datasets, especially due to the more restrictive methodology employed in the CHP Directive. 259

Appendices

While the Directive includes the production of all heat, sold to third parties, under the Directive approach only heat/electricity obeying high-efficiency criteria, is considered. However own heat used by the undertaking for its own processes, is here included. 2.9, PAGES 109-111 Data is generated by the annual heat survey. Heat, in these tables, include the total heat produced, including losses in the installations/network heat exchanges, as well as heat from chemical processes used as primary energy form. Only heat sold to third parties is here reported. 2.10, PAGES 112-114 The tables include the total final energy consumption of petroleum products, and two of its main products: motor gasoline (p:3234), and gas diesel (p:3260), and the total final energy consumption of biofuels (p:5545), and its two main products: biogasoline (p:5546) and biodiesel (p:5547). 2.11.1, PAGE 115 Energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which energy is being used (GIC) to produce an added value (GDP). 2.11.4, PAGE 118 Primary energy intensity gives an indication of the effectiveness with which primary energy is being used (GIC-FNEC) to produce an added value (GDP). 2.13, PAGES 123-129 All available price data has been used in the calculation of EU-wide fuel price averages. The overall EU price is an average of the prices in the individual countries weighted by their consumption. PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Heating gasoil, low sulphur fuel oil, unleaded petrol and automotive diesel prices are supplied to Energy DG by the Member States as those being the most frequently encountered for the specific categories of sales. The prices given are as of January 15th in each year. The heating gasoil prices given are for deliveries of between 2 000 and 5 000 litres while those for low sulphur fuel oil are for monthly deliveries of less than 2 000 tonnes or annual deliveries of less than 24 000 tonnes. The average pump prices are given for motor fuels. The EU average prices are calculated by weighting the prices from each country by the corresponding final energy consumption. ELECTRICITY AND GAS The legal basis for the collection of industrial gas and electricity prices is defined by EC Directive 2008/92/EC. The collection of prices includes national average prices of the last 6 months reported by different consumer bands. All taxes are included in the current prices.

260


Consumption bands have been selected as the most representative for the exercise. APPENDIX 13.3 3.1.1, PAGE 134 Energy activities sector in its broad and narrow definition (sector d35), as defined by EUROSTAT/NACE and UN/SIC nomenclatures. 3.2, PAGES 135-137 Data from the LFS survey. At employment level, this dataset presents larger figures than the SBS, due to the difference of methodology, and its sample size. 3.3, PAGES 138-149 Includes data on number of enterprises, turnover, and persons declared as employed, as originated from the SBS survey that targets especially enterprises business. At employment level is more disaggregated but less complete than the LFS survey. 3.4, PAGES 150-154 Data is extracted from DG Economic and Financial Affairs, AMECO database. Differences mainly due to data freshness, constant revisions, and methodology can appear when comparing with Eurostat economic data. APPENDIX 13.4 4.1.1, PAGES 158-162 GHG, greenhouse gases, are gases that contribute to the natural greenhouse effect. GHG emissions aggregate includes Fuel combustion emissions and other non-fuel linked emissions (Industrial processes, agriculture, etc.). Fuel combustion emissions include combustion in Energy industries, Manufacturing Industries and construction, Transport, Commercial and Institutional, Residential, Agriculture, Forestry/Fisheries and other combustion and fugitive emissions. 4.1.2 PAGES 163-167 Structure of emissions similar to the GHG emissions. 4.2.2 PAGE 169 Carbon GDP intensity is the average emission rate of CO2 relative to the total intensity of the economic activity, measured by its GDP. APPENDIX 13.5 For products see appendices 5-7 and glossary appendix 12. For indicators see appendices 2-4 and glossary appendix 12. For units see appendices 8-11.

261


Notes

262


263


264

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