Polish Style Guide - Microsoft

Polish Style Guide Published: June, 2017

Microsoft Polish Style Guide

Contents 1

About this style guide ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.1

2

Microsoft voice ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2.1

Flexibility .................................................................................................................................. 6

2.1.2

Word choice ........................................................................................................................... 6

2.1.3

Word-to-word translation................................................................................................. 7

2.1.4

Words and phrases to avoid ............................................................................................ 8

Sample Microsoft voice text ................................................................................................... 10

2.2.1

Address the user to take action .................................................................................... 10

2.2.2

Promote a feature .............................................................................................................. 11

2.2.3

Provide how-to guidelines.............................................................................................. 11

2.2.4

Explanatory text and support ........................................................................................ 12

Language-specific standards .......................................................................................................... 12 3.1

4

Choices that reflect Microsoft voice ...................................................................................... 5

2.1.1

2.2

3

Recommended style references .............................................................................................. 4

Grammar, syntax and orthographic standards ................................................................ 12

3.1.1

Abbreviations....................................................................................................................... 13

3.1.2

Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. 13

3.1.3

Adjectives .............................................................................................................................. 14

3.1.4

Capitalization ....................................................................................................................... 15

3.1.5

Gender.................................................................................................................................... 15

3.1.6

Localizing colloquialism, idioms, and metaphors................................................... 16

3.1.7

Modifiers ............................................................................................................................... 16

3.1.8

Nouns ..................................................................................................................................... 17

3.1.9

Pronouns ............................................................................................................................... 18

3.1.10

Punctuation .......................................................................................................................... 20

3.1.11

Sentence fragments .......................................................................................................... 24

3.1.12

Symbols & nonbreaking spaces ................................................................................... 25

Localization considerations ............................................................................................................. 25 4.1

Accessibility .................................................................................................................................. 25


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4.2

Applications, products, and features ................................................................................... 26

4.3

Trademarks ................................................................................................................................... 27

4.4

Geopolitical concerns................................................................................................................ 27

4.5

Software considerations........................................................................................................... 27

4.5.1

Error messages .................................................................................................................... 28

4.5.2

Keys ......................................................................................................................................... 32

4.5.3

Keyboard shortcuts/аccess keys ................................................................................... 33

4.5.4

Arrow keys ............................................................................................................................ 34

4.5.5

Numeric keypad ................................................................................................................. 36

4.5.6

Shortcut keys ....................................................................................................................... 36

4.5.7

English pronunciation ....................................................................................................... 39


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1 About this style guide This style guide is intended for the localization professional working on localized products that run on a Microsoft platform. It’s not intended to be a comprehensive coverage of all localization practices, but to highlight areas where Microsoft has specific preferences or deviates from standard practices for Polish localization. The primary goal of this guide is to help you understand and learn how to address all of the necessary linguistic and stylistic nuances of Polish during the localization of your products and services. The style guide covers guidelines and recommendations for translating the Microsoft voice into Polish including words, grammatical structures, the needs of the audience, and the intent of the text that are to be considered. Each of these areas is supplemented with samples. Other language considerations covered in this style guide are accessibility, trademarks, geopolitical concerns and specific software considerations. We welcome your feedback, questions and concerns regarding the style guide. Please send your feedback via Microsoft Language Portal.

1.1 Recommended style references Unless this style guide or the Microsoft Language Portal provides alternative instructions, use the orthography, grammar, and terminology in the following publications: Normative references When more than one solution is possible, consult the other topics in this style guide for guidance. 1. Słownik poprawnej polszczyzny, PWN, the latest edition 2. Słownik języka polskiego, PWN, the latest edition 3. Nowy słownik ortograficzny języka polskiego, PWN, the latest edition Microsoft User interface reference A helpful reference is the Windows User Experience Interaction Guidelines.


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2 Microsoft voice Microsoft’s brand personality comes through in our voice and tone—what we say and how we say it. The design of Microsoft products, services, and experiences hinges on crisp simplicity. Three principles form the foundation of our voice: • • •

Warm and relaxed: We’re natural. Less formal, more grounded in honest conversations. Occasionally, we’re fun. (We know when to celebrate.) Crisp and clear: We’re to the point. We write for scanning first, reading second. We make it simple above all. Ready to lend a hand: We show customers we’re on their side. We anticipate their real needs and offer great information at just the right time.

The Microsoft voice targets a broad set of users from technology enthusiasts and casual computer users. Although content might be different for different audiences, the principles of Microsoft voice are the same. However, Microsoft voice also means keeping the audience in mind. Choose the right words for the audience: use technical terms for technical audiences, but for consumers use common words and phrases instead. These key elements of Microsoft voice should extend across Microsoft content for all language locales. For each language, the specific choices in style and tone that produce Microsoft voice are different. The following guidelines are relevant for US English as well as many other languages. Guidelines Keep the following guidelines in mind: • • • •

Write short, easy-to-read sentences. Avoid passive voice—it’s difficult to read and understand quickly. Be pleasant and ensure that explanations appear individualized. Avoid slang and be careful with colloquialisms—it’s acceptable to reassure and connect with customers in a conversational tone, but be professional in doing so.

2.1 Choices that reflect Microsoft voice Translating Polish in a way that reflects Microsoft voice means choosing words and grammatical structures that reflect the same style as the source text. It also means considering the needs of the audience and the intent of the text.


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The general style should be clear, friendly and concise. Use language that resembles conversation observed in everyday settings as opposed to the formal, technical language that’s often used for technical and commercial content. When you’re localizing source text written in Microsoft voice, feel free to choose words that aren’t standard translations if you think that’s the best way to stay true to the intent of the source text. Because Microsoft voice means a more conversational style, literally translating the source text may produce target text that’s not relevant to customers. To guide your translation, consider the intent of the text and what the customer needs to know to successfully complete the task. 2.1.1 Flexibility It’s important for translators to modify or rewrite translated strings so that they are more appropriate and natural to Polish customers. Try to understand the whole intention of the sentences, paragraphs, and pages, and then rewrite as if you are writing the content yourself. It will make the content more perfect for Polish users. Sometimes, you may need to remove any unnecessary content. English example

Polish example

Stay safe. With Hotmail.

Prawdziwe bezpieczeństwo. Dzięki Hotmailowi.

Prioritizing your social updates is just another way messenger helps you keep connected with the people who matter most.

Messenger dba o Twoje relacje z najbliższymi osobami, pokazując aktualności społecznościowe w widocznym miejscu.

I'd told Stella about that old bridesmaid's dress.

Powiedziałam Sylwii o tym starym harcerskim mundurku.

For example, your child might want to download and play a new game everyone's talking about, do some Internet research for a school project, or just get a little more PC time to finish a homework assignment.

Twoje dziecko może zamarzyć o nowej grze, popularnej wśród rówieśników, albo będzie chciało wyszukać w Internecie materiały do pracy domowej.

2.1.2 Word choice Terminology Use terminology from the Microsoft Language Portal where applicable, for example key terms, technical terms, and product names.


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Short word forms and everyday words Microsoft voice text written in US English prefers short, simple words spoken in everyday conversations. In English, shorter words are friendlier and less formal. Short words also save space on screen and are easier to read quickly. Precise, well-chosen words add clarity, but it’s important to be intentional about using everyday words that customers are accustomed to. The following table lists some common words that are used for Microsoft voice in US English. en-US word

en-US word usage

App

Use app instead of application or program.

Pick, choose

Use pick in more fun, less formal or lightweight situations ("pick a color," not "choose a color") and choose for more formal situations (don’t use select unless necessary for the UI).

Drive

For general reference to any drive type (hard drive, CD drive, external hard drive, etc.). Use specific drive type if necessary.

Get

Fine to use as a synonym for "obtain" or "come into possession of" but avoid for other general meanings.

Info

Use in most situations unless “information” better fits the context. Use “info” when you point the reader elsewhere ("for more info, see ").

PC

Use for personal computing devices. Use computer for situations about PCs and Macs. Don’t switch between PC and computer.

You

Address the user as you, directly or indirectly through the use of first- and second-person pronouns like "you." Avoid third-person references, such as "user," as they sound formal and impersonal. For information on localizing you, see the section Pronouns.

Generally, terms with short and long form in English have only one form in Polish (doc, info, app). However, shorter and everyday words are also used to convey the meaning in a more concise and direct way to the target audience. Target audience is often reluctant to read and understand long text, especially when it contains obscure words. So, Polish Microsoft voice uses simple and short words to convey the meaning in an easier way. 2.1.3 Word-to-word translation For a more fluent translation, avoid word-to-word translation. If words are translated directly without overall understanding of the paragraph or the page, the content will not be natural and may even appear ridiculous, and our customers will not come again.


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Strict word-to-word translation makes the tone stiff and unnatural. Split the text into different sentences, if necessary, to simplify. Omit descriptors to make the text snappier. English text

Correct Polish translation

Incorrect Polish translation

...are scheduled to run during...

…ich wykonanie zaplanowano w godzinach…

…są zaplanowane do uruchamiania w trakcie…

...is configured to run...

…jego konfiguracja umożliwia…

…jest skonfigurowany do uruchamiania…

Use this feature to achieve your goals

Dzięki tej funkcji osiągniesz zamierzone cele

Użyj tej funkcji do osiągnięcia swoich celów

Capture anything, get to it later

Zbieraj wszystko, aby wrócić do tego później

Rejestrowanie wszystkiego i przeglądanie tego później

Instant control

Intuicyjne zarządzanie

Natychmiastowa kontrola

Experience the web the way you want to with Pinned Sites, a cleaner look, and seamless integration with your PC running Windows 10.

Korzystaj z Internetu tak jak lubisz, za pomocą przejrzystej i doskonale zintegrowanej z systemem Windows 10 przeglądarki z funkcją przypinania stron.

Korzystaj z sieci web, tak jak chcesz, dzięki przypinanym witrynom, przejrzystemu interfejsowi i bezproblemowej integracji z komputerem z systemem Windows 10.

Your life, connected

Wszystko pod kontrolą

Twoje życie, w łączności

2.1.4 Words and phrases to avoid Microsoft voice avoids an unnecessarily formal tone. The following table lists US English words that add formality without adding meaning, along with more common equivalents. en-US word/phrase to avoid

Preferred en-US word/phrase

Achieve

Do

As well as

Also, too

Attempt

Try

Configure

Set up

Encounter

Meet

Execute

Run


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Halt

Stop

Have an opportunity

Can

However

But

Give/provide guidance, give/provide information

Help

In addition

Also

In conjunction with

With

Locate

Find

Make a recommendation

Recommend

Modify

Change

Navigate

Go

Obtain

Get

Perform

Do

Purchase

Buy

Refer to

See

Resolve

Fix

Subsequent

Next

Suitable

Works well

Terminate

End

Toggle

Switch

Utilize

Use

The following table lists US English words, words or phrases to avoid in Polish, and recommended equivalent words or phrases that convey the Polish Microsoft voice. en-US source

Polish word/phrase to avoid

Preferred Polish word/phrase

by, via

za pośrednictwem

przez, za pomocą, używając, przy użyciu

using

z wykorzystaniem

za pomocą, używając, przy użyciu

use

wykorzystać

użyć, skorzystać z

encounter a problem

napotkać problem

znaleźć problem


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try

podjąć probę

spróbować

choose/pick

dokonać wyboru

wybrać

can

istnieje możliwość

można

but/however

jednakże

jednak, ale

but

lecz

ale

2.2 Sample Microsoft voice text The source and target phrase samples in the following sections illustrate the intent of the Microsoft voice. The Polish phrases can be used as reference. Depending on the context, translators are free to deviate from the specific wording, but always keeping the feeling and meaning that the original text is conveying to the user. 2.2.1 Address the user to take action US English

Polish target

Explanation

The password isn’t correct, so please try again. Passwords are casesensitive.

Hasło jest niepoprawne — spróbuj ponownie. W hasłach jest rozróżniana wielkość liter.

The user has entered an incorrect password so provide the user with a short and friendly message with the action to try again.

This product key didn’t work. Please check it and try again.

Ten klucz produktu nie działa. Sprawdź go i spróbuj ponownie.

The user has entered incorrect product key. The message casually asks the user to check it and try again.

All ready to go

Wszystko gotowe

Casual and short message to inform user that setup has completed, ready to start using the system.

Would you like to continue?

Czy chcesz kontynuować?

Politely ask the user if they would like to continue.

To go back and save your work, click Cancel and finish what you need to.

Aby wrócić i zapisać swoją pracę, kliknij przycisk Anuluj i zakończ wykonywane zadania.

A message that informs user about the required steps to save their work.


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Give your PC a name—any name you want. If you want to change the background color, turn high contrast off in PC settings.

Nadaj swojemu komputerowi dowolną nazwę. Jeśli chcesz zmienić kolor tła, wyłącz duży kontrast w ustawieniach komputera.

Address the user directly using verbs in the second person to take the necessary action.

2.2.2 Promote a feature US English

Polish target

Explanation

Picture password is a new way to help you protect your touchscreen PC. You choose the picture—and the gestures you use with it—to create a password that’s uniquely yours.

Hasło obrazkowe to nowy sposób ochrony komputera z ekranem dotykowym. Wybierając obraz wraz z gestami, których będziesz używać, tworzysz unikatowe hasło.

Promoting a specific feature which in this situation is picture password.

Let apps give you personalized content based on your PC’s location, name, account picture, and other domain info.

Pozwól aplikacjom na dostarczanie spersonalizowanej zawartości na podstawie lokalizacji komputera, nazwy, awatara i innych informacji z domeny.

Promoting the use of apps.

2.2.3 Provide how-to guidelines US English

Polish target

To go back and save your work, click Cancel and finish what you need to.

Aby wrócić i zapisać swoją pracę, kliknij przycisk Anuluj i zakończ wykonywane zadania.

To confirm your current picture password, just watch the replay and trace the example gestures shown on your picture.

Aby potwierdzić bieżące hasło obrazkowe, po prostu obejrzyj powtórkę i śledź gesty przykładowe wyświetlane na obrazie.


Explanation Short and clear of required steps to perform the action. Voice is simple and natural. The user isn’t overloaded with information; we tell them only what they need to know to make a decision.

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2.2.4 Explanatory text and support US English

Polish target

Explanation

The updates are installed, but Windows 10 Setup needs to restart for them to work. After it restarts, we’ll keep going from where we left off.

Aktualizacje są zainstalowane, ale aby zaczęły działać, Instalator systemu Windows 10 musi ponownie uruchomić system. Po ponownym uruchomieniu będziemy kontynuować instalację od miejsca, w którym ją przerwano.

The language is natural, the way people talk. In this case voice is reassuring, letting the user know that we’re doing the work. Use of "będziemy" provides a more personal feel.

If you restart now, you and any other people using this PC could lose unsaved work.

Ponowne uruchomienie teraz może spowodować, że Ty i inne osoby korzystające z tego komputera utracicie niezapisaną pracę.

Voice is clear and natural informing the user what will happen if this action is taken.

This document will be automatically moved to the right library and folder after you correct invalid or missing properties.

Ten dokument zostanie automatycznie przeniesiony do odpowiedniej biblioteki i folderu po skorygowaniu nieprawidłowych lub brakujących właściwości.

Voice talks to the user informatively and directly on the action that will be taken.

Something bad happened! Unable to locate downloaded files to create your bootable USB flash drive.

Mamy problem. Nie można odnaleźć pobranych plików potrzebnych do utworzenia rozruchowego dysku flash USB.

Without complexity and using short sentences inform the user what has happened.

3 Language-specific standards Information about Polish-specific standards, such as phone number formats, date formats, currency formats, and measurement units are available from the GoGlobal Developer Center.

3.1 Grammar, syntax and orthographic standards This section includes information on how to apply the general language and syntax rules to Microsoft products, online content, and documentation.


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3.1.1 Abbreviations Common abbreviations You might need to abbreviate some words in the UI (mainly buttons or options names) due to lack of space. This can be done in the following ways: 1. An abbreviation of a single word should be ended with a consonant. 2. If the abbreviation ends with a soft consonant that’s marked by a letter "i" in the full form of the word, for example, godzina, osiedle, then in the abbreviation the hard consonant only should be used. Example: godz., os. not godź., oś. 3. A period is placed after abbreviated words except when the final letter of the abbreviation is the same as the final letter of the unabbreviated word. List of common abbreviations: Expression

Acceptable abbreviation

zobacz

zob.

według

wg

między innymi

m.in.

do spraw

ds.

strona

str.

tom

t.

minuta

min

3.1.2 Acronyms Acronyms are words made up of the initial letters of major parts of a compound term. Common examples are WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), DNS (Domain Name Server), and HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). Abbreviations that end with vowels in the pronunciation should not be inflected, for example: GUI (Graphical User Interface), SAA (Systems Application Architecture). In case of abbreviations that consist of capital letters only and end with consonants, choose one of the following methods: don’t inflect, for example: Po znaku zgłoszenia systemu MSDOS, inflect with an appropriate declination pattern, and separate the inflectional ending (always in small letters) from the stem with a dash, for example: zakupiony w IBM-ie.


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Localized acronyms Examples: en-US source

Polish target

CC

DW

BCC

UDW

CPI

WWK

federal tax ID

NIP

Unlocalized acronyms If the English acronym is kept in the Polish text, it should be followed by the full English and (if possible) also contain a translation into the target language. Example: en-US source

Polish target

FDA

FDA (Food and Drug Administration, Agencja ds. Żywności i Leków)

3.1.3 Adjectives In Polish, handle adjectives in the following manner. In Polish, adjectives usually precede the noun, however technical terms (also IT terminology) should be written as noun+adjective. en-US source

Polish target

hard drive

dysk twardy

personal computer

komputer osobisty

nonvolatile memory

pamięć trwała


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Possessive adjectives The frequent use of possessives is a feature of English language. However, in Polish, possessive adjectives are handled in the following way: the common use of possessive adjectives in English should be avoided in Polish. 3.1.4 Capitalization Don’t copy English capitalization. In English, it’s a general practice to capitalize all first characters of the words in titles, names, etc., and sometimes middle characters in words too. Bear in mind that this is an error for the Polish texts. In English the days of the week, months, seasons and language names are also capitalized. In Polish they are not capitalized. In titles and program, dialog, checkbox, etc. names only the first word is capitalized, unlike in English. Many translators keep the English use of capital letters that’s not correct for Polish. In Polish we capitalize only the first letter in the sentence. The word Web, which is a synonym of World Wide Web, sometimes is capitalized in the sources in the meaning of Internet and sometimes it’s not capitalized in the meaning of a part of the Internet. In Polish, the term Web/web is treated in the same way as in the source: if the source term is capitalized, Polish term also begins with a capital letter. There are products using a very specific capitalization style, when for example some user interface parts are ALL CAPS or all lowercase. In such cases the specific style should be preserved in the translation to follow the original marketing design. Polish should follow the source for ALL CAPS and all lowercase styles. However, for the titles/names, where all first characters of the words are capitalized in English (for example, Try Again), only the first word should be capitalized in Polish (for example, Spróbuj ponownie). 3.1.5 Gender The general rule is not to suggest the user’s gender, but it could be hard to maintain with casual style sentences of the new voice. For this reason, some instructions provided in this document may not be used (i.e. using passive voice is sometimes the only way to avoid suggesting the gender). Examples:


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en-US source

Do

Don’t

Comment

Forgot your password?

Nie pamiętasz hasła?

Zapomniałeś hasła?

You can also use slightly different constructions.

You must be signed in to proceed.

Zaloguj się, aby kontynuować.

Musisz być zalogowany, aby kontynuować.

As above.

The password entered is incorrect.

Wprowadzone hasło jest nieprawidłowe.

Wprowadziłeś nieprawidłowe hasło.

Passive voice is used effectively to avoid gender issue.

3.1.6 Localizing colloquialism, idioms, and metaphors The Microsoft voice allows for the use of culture-centric colloquialisms, idioms and metaphors (collectively referred to "colloquialism"). Choose from these options to express the intent of the source text appropriately. •

•

•

Don’t attempt to replace the source colloquialism with a Polish colloquialism that fits the same meaning of the particular context unless it’s a perfect and natural fit for that context. Translate the intended meaning of the colloquialism in the source text (not the literal translation of the original colloquialism in the source text), but only if the colloquialism’s meaning is an integral part of the text that can’t be omitted. If the colloquialism can be omitted without affecting the meaning of the text, omit it.

Examples: en-US source

Polish target

Oops! We’re not sure what’s wrong, but we can’t open this file.

Wystąpił jakiś błąd i nie można otworzyć tego pliku.

Oops! The media content you’re looking for isn’t here anymore.

Niestety, szukana zawartość multimedialna już nie istnieje.

Comment "Oops" can be omitted in longer phrases or replaced with "Niestety."

3.1.7 Modifiers In localized Polish text you often need to precede the terms, especially if they are left in English, by the respective modifier. Microsoft Polish Style Guide

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Polish target

Windows

system Windows

BitLocker

funkcja BitLocker

One of the most common errors is omitting a modifier before names of products, objects, etc. or trying to inflect the English name with the Polish ending. Example: Wszystkie polecenia Worda, Inna prezentacja PowerPoint, Zamknij Windows In Polish localized text you always need to add the modifier before the names of the objects, menus, commands, dialog box elements, icons, etc. 3.1.8 Nouns Inflection Nonstandard declination patterns bufor

m IV

folder

m IV

toner

m IV

skaner

m IV

filtr

m IV

profil

mI

kreator

m IV

instalator

m IV


Gen. -u Loc. –orze Gen. -u Loc. -erze Gen. -u Loc. -erze Gen. -a Loc. -erze Gen. -u Loc. -trze

plural nom. -y

plural nom. -y

plural nom. -y

plural nom. -y

plural nom. -y

Gen. -u

plural nom. -e

Loc. -filu

plural gen. -ów

Gen. -a Loc. -orze Gen. -a Loc. -orze

plural nom. -y

plural nom. -y

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mendżer

m IV

punktor

m IV

terminal

m IV

klaster

m IV

token

m IV

Gen. -a Loc. -erze Gen. -a Loc. -orze

plural nom. -y

plural nom. -y

Gen. -u

plural nom. -e

Loc. -nalu

plural gen. -i

Gen. -stra

plural nom. -stry

Loc. -strze

plural gen. -strów

Gen. -u

plural nom. -ny

Loc. -nie

plural gen. -nów

Plural formation Nouns like: edytor, menedżer, projektant, konstruktor, instalator, kreator should be inflected like other impersonal nouns. As a result, following forms are obligatory: edytory, kreatory, projektanty etc. Note: If one of the nouns mentioned above refers to an application, for example to a wizard that allows you creating tables, it should start with a capital letter. 3.1.9 Pronouns In Polish, the use of pronouns is limited. General rules are (actual translation depends on the source): •

• • • •

Pronouns are used less frequently than in English. If using of the pronoun in the localized text is not necessary due to meaning of the sentence, it’s better to skip the pronoun. Don’t overuse pronouns as it may sound unnatural. First-person singular forms are preferred when the user is telling the program or a wizard what to do. First-person plural forms are preferred when the Microsoft product or service is addressing the user. Second-person forms (address the user directly) are preferred when the program or a wizard is telling the user what to do. Avoid using third person references ("user").

Personal and possessive pronouns referring to the user (Ty, Twój, Twojego, etc.) should always start with a capital letter. Microsoft Polish Style Guide

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Polish target

Comment

You can change when new updates get installed.

Możesz zmienić czas instalowania nowych aktualizacji.

Program addresses the user: Pronoun is skipped, second-person verb form is used.

Choose one of these schemes or make your own.

Wybierz jeden z tych schematów lub utwórz własny.

Program addresses the user: Pronoun is skipped, second-person verb form is used.

Remember my password

Pamiętaj moje hasło

User addresses the program: First person singular pronoun form is used.

Tell me when a new Bluetooth device tries to connect to my PC

Powiadom mnie, gdy nowe urządzenie Bluetooth próbuje połączyć się z komputerem

User addresses the program: First person singular pronoun form is used.

We recommend that you back up your files on a regular schedule.

Zalecamy regularne tworzenie kopii zapasowych plików.

Microsoft product or service addresses the user: Pronoun is skipped, first person plural verb form is used.

We strongly discourage you from installing these codec packs.

Zdecydowanie odradzamy instalowanie tych pakietów koderów-dekoderów.

Microsoft product or service addresses the user: Pronoun is skipped, first person plural verb form is used.

You must be signed in to proceed.

Zaloguj się, aby kontynuować.

To avoid the gender issue („Musisz być zalogowany”), some translators might use the third person form („Użytkownik musi być zalogowany, aby kontynuować.”), but is not recommended.

The information we collect won't be used to personally identify you.

Zbierane przez nas informacje nie zostaną użyte do ustalenia Twojej tożsamości.

Program addresses the user: Possessive pronoun starts with a capital letter.


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3.1.10 Punctuation Bulleted lists The following methods for enumerating are used: 1. Procedures consisting of few steps, where every single instruction is numbered and begins with a capital letter according with the rule that words after period are to be capitalized. Example: W celu użycia polecenia Aerograf: 1. Wybierz kolor pierwszoplanowy. 2. Wybierz grubość linii. 3. Z przybornika wybierz polecenie Aerograf.

1. List of items preceded by a specific symbol; but: •

If the enumerated items are complete sentences, they start with a capital letter and end with a period.

Example: Element grupy (program) można utworzyć jedną z następujących metod: •

Wybierając polecenie Nowy z menu Plik w Menedżerze programów.

•

Przeciągając pliki z Menedżera plików (tylko za pomocą myszy).

•

Korzystając z programu instalacyjnego systemu Windows.

•

If the enumerated items are continuations of the introductory sentence, they start with a small letter and end with a comma, except for the last item that ends with a period.

Example: Do połączenia się z innymi komputerami jest potrzebny: •

niewykorzystywany port szeregowy,

•

modem i przewód przyłączeniowy do portu szeregowego,

•

linia telefoniczna do przyłączenia modemu.


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•

In case there is a comma in one of the enumerated items, all items end with a semicolon except for the last item that ends with a period.

Example: Oprócz kolorów można również dostosować do własnych potrzeb inne elementy pulpitu: •

określając wzór lub tapetę pulpitu;

•

wybierając wygaszacz ekranu włączający się wtedy, gdy nikt nie korzysta z monitora;

•

określając sposób rozmieszczania ikon i szybkość migania kursora.

•

If the enumerated items are neither complete sentences (they contain lists of sections, paragraphs or system requirements) nor continuations of the introductory sentence, they start with a capital letter (in case of proper names) but don’t end with a period.

Example: Wybierz jedną z następujących postaci: •

Mapa bitowa monochromatyczna

•

Mapa bitowa 16-kolorowa

•

Mapa bitowa 256-kolorowa

•

If the enumerated items refer to not very essential issues, they can start with a small letter. In this case punctuations marks at the end of the sentences are also to be skipped.

Comma Polish rules on inserting commas are different from the English ones. For example, in English sentences commas are inserted before such words as or, and. But in Polish, in case of these conjunctions commas are redundant, unless they separate parenthesis clauses. Colon Use colons to introduce lists and procedures. Use lower case after the colon. Example: W programie można zmienić następujące elementy: motyw, czcionkę, rozmiar czcionki, tło i obramowanie okna.


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Dashes and hyphens Three different dash characters are used in Polish: Hyphen The hyphen is used to divide words between syllables, to link parts of a compound word, and to connect the parts of an inverted or imperative verb form. A hyphen (łącznik) (no space before and after the hyphen) is used to: a) join two words; b) add the ending to the acronym; c) join a number with a word; d) replace the ending of multiple compound adjectives that have different first elements. Example: Bielsko-Biała, w DOS-ie, 30-procentowy, 16- i 32-bitowe En dash The en dash is used as a minus sign, usually with spaces before and after. Example: ZAROBKI – WYDATKI = 2 000 000 The en dash is also used in number ranges, such as those specifying page numbers. No spaces are used around the en dash in this case. Example: Opis ten podano na ss. 236–238 OR w latach 1989–1991 Em dash The em dash should only be used to emphasize an isolated element or introduce an element that’s not essential to the meaning conveyed by the sentence. Example: Microsoft Excel — Pomoc


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Ellipses (suspension points) Ellipsis is a mark that usually indicates an intentional omission of a word in the original text. An ellipsis can also be used to indicate a pause in speech, an unfinished thought. In Polish, an ellipsis is always composed of three dots without any spaces between. There is no space between the ellipsis and the preceding word, but there is always a space after the ellipsis, unless the following character is a closing bracket or quote mark, in which case the space is inserted after that character instead. Example: Można się zastanawiać, czy takie działanie ma sens... Keep in mind the following when using ellipses/suspension points: When the ellipsis is used for omitting a fragment of quotation, it’s always surrounded with either square brackets or, more commonly, parentheses, with no space inside. An ellipsis without parentheses usually means a pause in speech. It can also mean a word said partially and interrupted and in that case can be directly followed by another punctuation mark without space: Ellipsis can be used at the end of a sentence, but it’s always composed of three dots, never four, and the only difference is the capitalization of the next word. Examples: Nie rób tego... To może być niebezpieczne. Badanie wykazało, że wiele różnych aplikacji (...) wykorzystywano nieprawidłowo. Period The period serves to mark the pause at the end of sentence, is used in the dates given in Arabic numerals, and after abbreviated words except when the final letter of the abbreviation is the same as the final letter of the unabbreviated word. No periods are used after the main title on the title page or after the title/heading that’s all in upper or lower case (can be used where only the first letter is upper case). Example: 25.05.2011; prof.


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Quotation marks Quotation marks are used when referring to quoted text. The correct Polish quotation marks are „lower-upper.” In English, when the text between quotation marks appears at the end of the sentence, the period may appear inside the quotation marks. In Polish, the period should go outside the quotation marks. Even if the whole sentence is between quotation marks, the period goes outside. In US source strings, you may find software references surrounded by English quotation marks. In Polish, it’s required due to technical or compilation reasons, straight double quotation marks—"" are used. Example: Wpisz "CHOICE /?", aby wyświetlić sposób użycia. Parentheses In English, there is no space between the parentheses and the text inside them. The same is in Polish. The period should go outside the parentheses in Polish, even if an entire sentence is inside the parentheses. Examples: Naciśnij przycisk Save (Zapisz). W przypadku utraty hasła nie będzie można odzyskać danych. (Pamiętaj, że w hasłach jest rozróżniana wielkość liter). 3.1.11 Sentence fragments For the Microsoft voice, use of sentence fragments helps convey a conversational tone. They are used whenever possible as they are short and to the point. en-US long form Use the following steps.


en-US sentence fragment Here’s how

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The Microsoft voice can be conveyed through the use of sentence fragments (or verbless sentences) in Polish, but it’s strictly context dependent. There are no general rules for broad usage of such phrases, so you should always use them carefully. en-US source text

Polish long form

Polish sentence fragment

Questions?

Masz jakieś pytania?

Pytania?

All done!

Wszystkie zadania zostały wykonane.

Wszystko gotowe!

What next?

Jakie będą kolejne czynności?

Co dalej?

Note that sentence fragments are particularly appropriate for questions—as a good way of directly engaging the user. 3.1.12 Symbols & nonbreaking spaces Nonbreaking spaces should be used between numbers and units so that they are not separated by line breaks. Example: 60 ml, 100 km/h Nonbreaking space (CTRL + SHIFT + SPACE) is used in Polish as a thousand separator and to avoid leaving the one-letter words as w, z, i at the end of the line. Example: 20 000; w witrynie

4 Localization considerations Localization means that the translated text needs to be adapted to the local language, customs and standards. The language in Microsoft products should have the "look and feel" of a product originally written in Polish, using idiomatic syntax and terminology, while at the same time maintaining a high level of terminological consistency, so as to guarantee the maximum user experience and usability for our customers.

4.1 Accessibility Accessibility options and programs are designed to make the computer usable by people with cognitive, hearing, physical, or visual disabilities.


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Hardware and software components engage a flexible, customizable user interface, alternative input and output methods, and greater exposure of screen elements. General accessibility information can be found at https://www.microsoft.com/enus/accessibility/.

4.2 Applications, products, and features Product and application names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and are therefore rarely translated. Occasionally, feature names are trademarked, too (for example, IntelliSense™). Before translating any application, product, or feature name, verify that it’s in fact translatable and not protected in any way. This information can be obtained here. Product names are often trademarked or may be trademarked in the future and product names are therefore rarely translated. The rule is that product names are not translated if they include the word Microsoft and/or they are registered as trademarks (for example, Microsoft Draw or Microsoft Graph). The preposition "for" is usually translated (for example, "Word for Windows" is "Word dla Windows" but "Visual Basic for Applications" is "Visual Basic for Applications"). Feature names are usually localized but, occasionally, feature names are trademarked, too (for example, IntelliSense™). It’s very important to set the correct translation at the very beginning of the localization process. In documentation as well as in the software different names can be used for the same products: with the word "Microsoft" or without. In this case only one rule must be applied. Version numbers Version numbers always contain a period (for example, Version 4.2). Note punctuation examples of "Version x.x": Example: US English ISO MPEG-4 video codec version 1.0

Polish target koder-dekoder wideo ISO MPEG-4 w wersji 1.0

Version numbers are usually also a part of version strings, but technically they are not the same.


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4.3 Trademarks Trademarked names and the name Microsoft Corporation shouldn’t be localized unless local laws require translation and an approved translated form of the trademark is available. A list of Microsoft trademarks is here.

4.4 Geopolitical concerns Part of the cultural adaptation of the US-product to a specific market is the resolution of geopolitical issues. While the US-product is designed and developed with neutrality and a global audience in mind, the localized product should respond to the particular situation that applies within the target country/region. Sensitive issues or issues that might potentially be offensive to the users in the target country/region may occur in any of the following: • • • • •

Maps Flags Country/region, city and language names Art and graphics Cultural content, such as encyclopedia content and other text where historical or political references are present

Some issues are easy to verify and resolve. The localizer should have the most current information available. Maps and other graphical representations of countries/regions should be checked for accuracy and existing political restrictions. Country/region, city, and language names change on a regular basis and should be checked, even if previously approved. A thorough understanding of the culture of the target market is required for checking the appropriateness of cultural content, clip art and other visual representations of religious symbols, and body and hand gestures.

4.5 Software considerations This section refers to all menus, menu items, commands, buttons, check boxes, and other UI elements that should be consistently translated in the localized product. General guidelines: • • •

Clarity and simplicity is above all. Be as short as possible. Avoid unnecessary words. Keep in mind that different devices, sizes and formats are used nowadays and UI should fit all of them.


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•

Try to achieve cross-platforms consistency in products used on different platforms (desktop, mobile, cloud etc.)

Every principle laid out here may have an exception, based on the product, the experience and the customer. Use the guidelines to do what is right for the customer. 4.5.1 Error messages Here is an example:

Error messages are messages sent by the system or a program, informing the user of an error that must be corrected in order for the program to keep running. The messages can prompt the user to take action or inform the user of an error that requires restarting the computer. Considering the underlying principles of Microsoft voice, translators are encouraged to apply them to ensure target translation is more natural, empathetic and not robot-like. English term

Correct Polish translation

Oops, that can't be blank...

Niestety, ten element nie może być pusty...

Not enough memory to process this command.

Za mało pamięci do przetworzenia tego polecenia.

Polish style in error messages Use consistent terminology and language style in the localized error messages, and not just translate them as they appear in the US product. It’s important to use the correct Polish style in the localized error messages, and not just translate the American messages. Microsoft Polish Style Guide

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The user is sometimes asked whether he or she wants to complete an action that has been interrupted due to an error. In the US text, often an "abbreviated" sentence structure is used. In Polish, use the same abbreviated style with a minimum of words used. Complete sentences take up too much space in the message boxes. Example: The selection is too big. Continue without Undo?—Zaznaczenie jest za duże. Czy kontynuować bez możliwości cofnięcia? Polish error messages always finish with the period. Sometimes error messages have other than ERR or MSG category. They have for example TXT or HTML Text category. If there is no information about nature of a string in the instructions (Instructions column or description of a file/database) and the string looks like an error message (see examples below) it’s better to follow rules described in this chapter. All error messages should end with a period but if it’s difficult to find out whether it’s an error message or not it’s better to follow original text. Use exclamation marks in Polish error messages in similar manner as they are used in the US version. You should remember that not all English sentences that end with the exclamation mark should have one in Polish. Exclamation mark can be omitted when error message is a descriptive text. Error messages are an exception from the Polish rule about avoiding personifications. Error messages are messages from the program to the user, and personifications are acceptable to a certain degree. Example: Word can’t open file—Program Word nie może otworzyć pliku Standard phrases in error messages When translating usual phrases, standardize. Note that sometimes the US uses different forms to express the same thing. See the table below for examples. Use present tense even if the US error message is in the past tense. For example, "Failed to…" should be translated as "Nie można..." More examples are in the table below. In Polish, the word "please" is omitted and the sentence is in the imperative mood. There may be however some exceptions, where using "please" is really needed.


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Examples: Please try again.—Spróbuj ponownie. Please wait…—Czekaj... Please be patient.—Prosimy o cierpliwość. Try to avoid using "przepraszam" or "przepraszamy"—"niestety" can be used instead. Example: We’re sorry, the service isn’t available right now.—Niestety, usługa jest w tej chwili niedostępna. A sentence construction with the phrase "while ~ing" can be translated as follows: An error occurred while attempting to create the directory.—Wystąpił błąd podczas próby utworzenia katalogu. Questions are translated as questions even if the US sentence has the affirmative structure and ends with a question mark. The questions take the personal form. Remember to translate the questions accurately, i.e. if the question reads "Are you sure you want..." the translation should be "Czy na pewno chcesz..." and not "Czy chcesz..." Error messages containing instructions: imperative mood as well as personal form should be used in translating instructions. Example: To skip creating your startup disk, click Cancel.—Aby pominąć tworzenie dysku startowego, kliknij przycisk Anuluj. These phrases commonly occur in error messages. When you translate them, try to use the provided target phrases. However, feel free to use other ways to express the source meaning if they work better in the context. Examples: English

Translation

Can’t … Could not …

Nie można

Could not start print job.—Nie można rozpocząć zadania drukowania.

Nie można

Failed to create empty document.—Nie można utworzyć pustego dokumentu.

Nie można odnaleźć

Can’t find the file.—Nie można odnaleźć pliku.

Unable to … Failed to … Failure of … Can’t find … Could not find …


Example

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Filed to find … Unable to find … Unable to locate … Not enough memory Insufficient memory There is not enough memory There is not enough memory available ... is not available ... is unavailable

Za mało pamięci

There is not enough memory available.— Za mało pamięci.

Jest niedostępny

Device unavailable.—Urządzenie jest niedostępne.

Error messages containing placeholders When localizing error messages containing placeholders, try to anticipate what will replace the placeholder. This is necessary for the sentence to be grammatically correct when the placeholder is replaced with a word or phrase. Note that the letters used in placeholders convey a specific meaning. Examples: %d, %ld, %u, and %lu means %c means %s means Examples of error messages containing placeholders: "Checking Web %1!d! of %2!d!" means "Checking Web of ." "INI file "%1!-.200s!" section" means "INI file "" section." The following table provides examples of error messages with placeholder text, and the final error messages that users will see: English text containing placeholders

Final source message

Final target error message

Error %d getting session names

Error getting session names

Wystąpił błąd podczas uzyskiwania nazw sesji.

%s is logged on to this computer.

is logged on to this computer.

Użytkownik jest zalogowany na tym komputerze.


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In the English source string, placeholders are found in the position where they would naturally occur in that language. Since in English numerals typically precede the noun, the numeral placeholders typically precede the noun in the source strings. This order is also followed in most Polish examples, but check that this is the case in your specific examples or whether you need to change the position of any word in the sentence due to declension. English

Translation

%u groups

Grupy: %u

Comment If the word order remains unchanged, the final Polish sentence will read: 5 grupy, etc.

4.5.2 Keys In English, references to key names, like arrow keys, function keys and numeric keys, appear in normal text (not in small caps). In Polish we refer to the key names by their name preceded by the word "klawisz" (i.e. naciśnij klawisz CTRL). The English names of the keys are not translated into Polish, except for the Spacebar (spacja), Windows key (klawisz systemu Windows) and arrow keys. Key names English

Polish

Alt

Alt

Backspace

Backspace

Break

Break

Caps Lock

Caps Lock

Ctrl

Ctrl

Delete/Del

Delete/Del

Down Arrow

Strzałka w dół

End

End

Enter

Enter

Esc

Esc


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English

Polish

Home

Home

Insert/Ins

Insert/Ins

Left Arrow

Strzałka w lewo

Num Lock

Num Lock

Page Down

Page Down

Page Up

Page Up

Pause

Pause

Right Arrow

Strzałka w prawo

Scroll Lock

Scroll Lock

Shift

Shift

Spacebar

Spacja

Tab

Tab

Up Arrow

Strzałka w górę

Windows key

Klawisz systemu Windows

Print Screen

Print Screen

Menu key

Klawisz menu

4.5.3 Keyboard shortcuts Sometimes, there are underlined or highlighted letters in menu options, commands or dialog boxes. These letters refer to keyboard shortcuts, which help the user to perform tasks more quickly.


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The following table lists special options for keyboard shortcuts in US-English interfaces and describes whether each option is allowed in Polish. Keyboard shortcuts special options

Usage: is it allowed?

"Slim characters," such as I, l, t, r, f can be used as keyboard shortcuts

yes

Characters with downstrokes, such as g, j, y, p and q can be used as keyboard shortcuts

yes

Extended characters can be used as keyboard shortcuts

no

An additional letter, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as a keyboard shortcut

no

A number, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as a keyboard shortcut

no

A punctuation sign, appearing between brackets after item name, can be used as a keyboard shortcut

no

Duplicate keyboard shortcuts are allowed when no other character is available

yes

No keyboard shortcut is assigned when no more characters are available (minor options only)

yes

Notes Slim characters are allowed, though they are not recommended because they might be hard to see.

Content writers usually just refer to “keyboard shortcuts” in content for a general audience. In localization, however, we distinguish the following terms: Microsoft Polish Style Guide

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Term

Usage A subtype of keyboard shortcut. A letter or number that the user types to access UI controls that have text labels. Access keys are assigned to top-level controls so that the user can use the keyboard to move through the UI quickly. Example: F in Alt+F Example in UI localization: H&ome

access key

In keyboard shortcuts, most access keys are used with the Alt key. The letter or number that appears in the ribbon when the Alt key is pressed. In UI localization, the key tip is the last character present in the strings after the “`” character. Example: In UI localization Home`H key tip

A subtype of keyboard shortcut. A key that the user types to perform a common action without having to go through the UI. Shortcut keys are not available for every command. shortcut key

Example: Ctrl+N, Ctrl+V In keyboard shortcuts, most shortcut keys are used with the Ctrl key. Ctrl+letter combinations and function keys (F1 through F12) are usually the best choices for shortcut keys.


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4.5.4 Arrow keys The arrow keys move input focus among the controls within a group. Pressing the right arrow key moves input focus to the next control in tab order, whereas pressing the left arrow moves input focus to the previous control. Home, End, Up, and Down also have their expected behavior within a group. Users can’t navigate out of a control group using arrow keys. Arrow key names may not be written capitalized in generic contexts (i.e. Za pomocą klawisza strzałki w górę przejdź do następnego okna). 4.5.5 Numeric keypad Avoid distinguishing numeric keypad keys from the other keys, unless it’s required by a given application. If it’s not obvious which keys need to be pressed, provide necessary explanations. 4.5.6 Shortcut keys Shortcut keys are keystrokes or combinations of keystrokes that perform defined functions in a software application. Shortcut keys replace menu commands and are sometimes given next to the command they represent. While access keys can be used only when available on the screen, shortcut keys can be used even when they are not accessible on the screen. Standard shortcut keys US command

US English shortcut key

Polish command

Polish shortcut key

General Windows shortcut keys Help window

F1

Okno Pomocy

F1

Context-sensitive Help

Shift+F1

Pomoc kontekstowa

Shift+F1

Display pop-up menu

Shift+F10

Wyświetlenie menu kontekstowego

Shift+F10

Cancel

Esc

Anulowanie

Esc

Activate\Deactivate menu bar mode

F10

Aktywacja/dezaktywacja trybu paska menu

F10


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US command


Polish command

Polish shortcut key

Switch to the next primary application

Alt+Tab

Przełączenie się do następnej aktywnej aplikacji

Alt+Tab

Display next window

Alt+Esc

Wyświetlenie następnego okna

Alt+Esc

Display pop-up menu for the window

Alt+Spacebar

Wyświetlenie menu podręcznego okna

Alt+spacja

Display pop-up menu for the active child window

Alt+-

Wyświetlanie menu systemowego okna podrzędnego interfejsu dokumentu wielokrotnego

Alt+-

Display property sheet for current selection

Alt+Enter

Wyświetlenie właściwości zaznaczonego elementu

Alt+Enter

Close active application window

Alt+F4

Zamykanie bieżącego okna

Alt+F4

Switch to next window within (modelesscompliant) application

Alt+F6

Przełączanie między oknami tego samego programu

Alt+F6

Capture active window image to the Clipboard

Alt+Prnt Scrn

Przechwycenie obrazu aktywnego okna do Schowka

Alt+Prnt Scrn

Capture desktop image to the Clipboard

Prnt Scrn

Przechwycenie obrazu pulpitu do Schowka

Prnt Scrn

Access Start button in taskbar

Ctrl+Esc

Otwieranie menu Start

Ctrl+Esc

Display next child window

Ctrl+F6

Otwieranie następnego okna aktywnego programu

Ctrl+F6

Display next tabbed pane

Ctrl+Tab

Przełączanie do następnego okienka podrzędnego

Ctrl+Tab

Launch Task Manager and system initialization

Ctrl+Shift+Esc

Otwieranie Menedżera zadań systemu Windows

Ctrl+Shift+Esc


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US command


Polish command

Polish shortcut key

File menu File New

Ctrl+N

Nowy

Ctrl+N

File Open

Ctrl+O

Otwórz

Ctrl+O

File Close

Ctrl+F4

Zamknij

Ctrl+F4

File Save

Ctrl+S

Zapisz

Ctrl+S

File Save as

F12

Zapisz jako

F12

File Print Preview

Ctrl+F2

Podgląd wydruku

Ctrl+F2

File Print

Ctrl+P

Drukuj

Ctrl+P

File Exit

Alt+F4

Zakończ

Alt+F4

Edit menu Edit Undo

Ctrl+Z

Cofnij

Ctrl+Z

Edit Repeat

Ctrl+Y

Powtórz

Ctrl+Y

Edit Cut

Ctrl+X

Wytnij

Ctrl+X

Edit Copy

Ctrl+C

Kopiuj

Ctrl+C

Edit Paste

Ctrl+V

Wklej

Ctrl+V

Edit Delete

Ctrl+Backspace

Usuń

Ctrl+Backspace

Edit Select All

Ctrl+A

Zaznacz wszystko

Ctrl+A

Edit Find

Ctrl+F

Znajdź

Ctrl+F

Edit Replace

Ctrl+H

Zastąp

Ctrl+H

Edit Go To

Ctrl+B

Przejdź do

Ctrl+B

Help menu Help

F1

Pomoc

F1

Font format Italic

Ctrl+I

Kursywa

Ctrl+I

Bold

Ctrl+G

Pogrubienie

Ctrl+G


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US command


Polish command

Polish shortcut key

Underlined\Word underline

Ctrl+U

Podkreślenie

Ctrl+U

Large caps

Ctrl+Shift+A

Formatuje tekst jako wersaliki

Ctrl+Shift+A

Small caps

Ctrl+Shift+K

Formatuje tekst jako kapitaliki

Ctrl+Shift+K

Paragraph format Centered

Ctrl+E

Wyśrodkowany

Ctrl+E

Left aligned

Ctrl+L

Wyrównany do lewej

Ctrl+L

Right aligned

Ctrl+R

Wyrównany do prawej

Ctrl+R

Justified

Ctrl+J

Wyjustowany

Ctrl+J

4.5.7 English pronunciation General rules Generally speaking, English terms and product names left unlocalized in target material should be pronounced the English way. For instance, “Microsoft” must be pronounced the English way. However, if your language has an established pronunciation for a common term (such as "server"), use the local pronunciation. Pronunciation can be adapted to the Polish phonetic system if the original pronunciation sounds very awkward in Polish. English terms and product names left unlocalized in target material should be pronounced the English way, with a slight Polish accent. If numbers are involved, pronounce them in Polish. Example

Phonetics

SecurID

[sı’kjuər aı di:]

.NET

[dot net]

Skype

[skaip]

Acronyms and abbreviations Strict acronyms (RAS, ISA, LAN, WAN, WAP, MAPI, POP, URL) are pronounced like real words. They should be pronounced the Polish way.


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Other acronyms (XML, HTML, OWA, SQL) are pronounced letter by letter. They should be pronounced the Polish way, however some of them are pronounced the English way (DVD, CD, ICMP, IP, TCP/IP). URLS "http://" should be omitted; the rest of the URL should be read entirely. "www" should be pronounced letter by letter. The "dot" should be omitted, but can also be read out. If you read it out, then it must be pronounced the Polish way, as "kropka." Punctuation marks Most punctuation marks are naturally implied by the sound of voice, for example, ? ! : ; , En dash (–) are used to emphasize an isolated element. It should be pronounced as a comma, i.e. as a short pause. Special characters •

Pronounce special characters such as / \ ˘ < > + - using the Polish approved translations.


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The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This white paper is for informational purposes only. Microsoft makes no warranties, express or implied, in this document. Complying with all applicable copyright laws is the responsibility of the user. Without limiting the rights under copyright, no part of this document may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise), or for any purpose, without the express written permission of Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft may have patents, patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights covering subject matter in this document. Except as expressly provided in any written license agreement from Microsoft, the furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property. © 2016 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. The example companies, organizations, products, domain names, email addresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted herein are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, email address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred. Microsoft, list Microsoft trademarks used in your white paper alphabetically are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.


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