RE Chronicles - EfficientCarbon

RE Chronicles - From the Editor’s desk Hello Readers. Hope you enjoyed the first issue of RE Chronicles. We would love to have your feedback on which articles you liked and which ones you didn’t. This Second Issue is power-packed with excellent articles and the latest updates from the world of Renewable Energy and REC trading. Though REC trading for the month of August was healthy indicated by the highest ever Clearing Volume, the quantum of Sell bids as compared to Buy bids is worrisome. Our first article on REC Trading Update talks more about this. As promised in our previous issue, we are providing the latest RPO figures for states and capacity addition under REC scheme in the month of August. There is also one interesting article on Voluntary REC Markets that’s a must read. We have included some interesting news articles and our views regarding a few happenings in RE technology across the world. In case you haven’t yet checked out the Uttar Pradesh Draft Solar Policy, do not worry as we got that covered too. Now, we remember that we have promised to put up an RPO Calculator on our website before releasing this issue. We wanted to give you the best RPO Calculator there is and hence we are making sure it’s perfect. We hope to release it in the next one or two weeks. Once we do, we will make sure everybody hears about it. Kindly give your valuable feedback on how we can improve RE Chronicles and make it even more delightful and interesting for you. Happy reading!!

REC Trading Update – August 2012 REC Inventory: No. Of RECs issued is increasing with each passing month. August’12 started with a never before seen Opening Balance of 398311. To add to this, a record number of RECs were issued this month.

Non-Solar Though the trading session overall was healthy with 97% of Non-Solar REC Buy-bids cleared, a Closing Balance of 598642 Non-Solar RECs may not be a good sign for next trading session as supply far outstrips the demand and the gap is only increasing. Non-Solar REC Inventory for Apr-2012 to Aug-2012 (as on 31-Aug-2012)

Month, Year

Opening Balance

REC Issued

REC Redeemed

Closing Balance

April, 2012

38545

122369

71226

89688

May, 2012

89688

230448

168675

151461

June, 2012

151461

258801

236485

173777

July, 2012

173777

382384

158220

397941

August, 2012

397941

474594

273893

598642

Solar Closing balance for Solar RECs is lower than that of last month due to 2 main reasons – Higher trading and Lower number of RECs issued. The table below highlights the Inventory figures after August trading session. Non-Solar REC Inventory for Apr-2012 to Aug-2012 (as on 31-Aug-2012)

Month, Year

Opening Balance

REC Issued

REC Redeemed

Closing Balance

April, 2012

0

0

0

0

May, 2012

0

249

10

239

June, 2012

239

324

342

221

July, 2012

221

328

179

370

August, 2012

370

190

379

181

REC trading: The trading stats for August provide 2 entirely opposite impressions: 1. 97% of Non-Solar Buy bids resulted in clearance indicating healthy trading 2. Supply of Non-Solar RECs is more than twice the Demand which sends worrying signals about the future. The following sections talk about Non-Solar and REC trading figures for the month and a more detailed insight and forecast for next month.

Non-Solar RECs Trading: Against Sell-bids of 627310 Non-Solar RECs, there were buy bids only for 283318 and 273893 were eventually bought. While this is the highest ever Cleared Volume for Non-Solar RECs since inception, the market value of transactions was only Rs.41.22 Crores which is nowhere close to the all-time high of Rs.63.19 Crores in February’12. The reason for this is the low Clearing Price of Rs.1505 (average for IEX/PXIL) resulting from the huge oversupply of RECs. 700000 600000 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 May'12

June'12

Buy Bid (No. of certificates)

July'12 Sell Bid (No. of certificates)

August'12 Traded Volume

In our previous issue, we had estimated the potential of Non-Solar RECs for 2012-13 as 48.81 Million. However, the first 5 months have seen Buy-bids for only 1.42 Million and 0.9 Million have been redeemed. So, in order to meet RPOs for 2012-13, the Obligated Entities are either generating RE on their own or are buying power from RE Generators. Since this is not happening in a big way, it is clear that several Obligated Entities are on their way to not fulfilling RPOs despite CERC’s statement to fine them in case of non-compliance. Forecast for September trading session: A closing balance of 598642 non-solar RECs indicates that the Supply as usual would be higher than demand for the next trading session. Unless a lot of Obligated Entities decide on fulfilling their RPOs through REC purchase, the closing balance is bound to be higher than it is now and the Clearing Price would remain close to the Floor Price of Rs.1500.

Solar RECs Trading: August was the 4th month of Solar REC trading and was not disappointing. 560 Solar RECs were put up for Sell bids against Buy bids of 2331. A total of 379 RECs were bought on IEX/PXIL combined resulting in transaction of Rs.48.7 Lakhs as the Clearing Price stood at Rs.12850. Owing to lower issuance of Solar RECs and higher volume of trading, the closing balance stands at 181. Solar REC trading from May – August 2012 10000

9619 8754

8000

6000

4000 2331

2000

1642

563

549

560

342

179

379

June'12

July'12

August'12

249 0

10 May'12

Buy Bid (No. of certificates)

Sell Bid (No. of certificates)

Traded Volume

The demand is still quite high compared to supply which is a good sign for Clearing Price. However, only 1091 Solar RECs have been issued thus far and 910 of these have been redeemed. These figures are not in line with our projection of 3.66 Million Solar RECs for 2012-13 as per RPOs. Even if the Obligated Entities are ready to fulfil their Solar RPO Obligation, there does not seem to be enough supply to meet the demand. Forecast for September trading session: Demand continues to outstrip Supply and hence the Clearing price would again be in the Rs.1250013000 band. No major changes or activity expected.

REC Accredited/Registered Capacity Wind, Biomass and Bio-fuel Cogen were the 3 areas which witnessed highest activity in August in terms of Accreditation and Registration. Tamil Nadu was the biggest player in Wind Energy contributing to 22.75 MW out of the 27.95 MW Accredited Capacity and 38.75 MW out of the 54.45 MW Registered Capacity. In Biomass area: Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha were the only players contributing 16.5 MW, 12 MW and 5.4 MW respectively of the total 33.9 Accredited Capacity. Maharashtra is the biggest player in Bio-fuel Cogen too with 61.05 MW contribution from its end. Uttarakhand contributed to the remaining 20 MW of Accredited Capacity. Uttar Pradesh was the sole participant in Bio-fuel Cogen Registered Capacity contributing to the entire 7.4 MW. The tables below indicate the Resource-wise capacity addition in August and the total capacity as on 31st August, 2012. Capacity Addition (MW) in August S.No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Source Wind Urban or Municipal Waste Solar PV Small Hydro Others Biomass Bio-fuel Cogeneration Total

Accreditation 27.95 0 0.25 2.2 0 33.9 81.05 145.35

Registration 54.45 0 0 0 0 0 7.4 61.85

Capacity in MW based on Type of RE Source (As on 31st August 2012)

2000 1800

1872 1727 Capacity Accredited (in MW)

1600

Capacity Registered (in MW)

1400 1200 1000

753

800

558

600 400 200 0

510

636

168 152 0 0

19

18

0 0

16 0

2

2

State-wise RPO for 2012-13 REC trading began in March 2011 and has come a long way in the past 18 months. Several states which hadn’t initially declared RPO have come out with respective RPO figures in the meantime. As of today, 26 out of the 28 states and Union Territories have RPO figures for 2012-13. West Bengal and Sikkim are the only 2 states yet to realize REC/RPO mechanism. The table below indicates the RPO for respective state DISCOMs and the applicability to the other 2 Obligated Entities – Open Access Consumers/Captive Power Producers. RPO for Obligated Entities for 2012-13 RPO

Applicability to

Solar

Non-Solar

Penalty for NonCompliance

Andhra Pradesh

0.25%

4.75%

Arunachal Pradesh

0.10%

Assam

State

Open-Access Consumer

Captive Power Producer

(RPOshortage) x (RECmax)

Yes

Yes (>1 MW)

4.10%


Yes

Yes

0.15%

4.05%


Yes

Yes

Bihar

0.75%

3.25%


Yes

Yes (>5 MW)

Chattisgarh

0.50%

5.25%


Yes

Yes (>1 MW)

Delhi

0.15%

3.25%


Yes (>1 MW)

Yes (>5 MW)

Goa and UTs

0.40%

2.60%


Yes

Yes

Gujarat

1.00%

6.00%


Yes

Yes (>1 MW)

Haryana

0.75%

1.25%


Yes

Yes

Himachal Pradesh

0.25%

10.00%


Yes

Yes

Jammu and Kashmir

0.25%

4.75%


Yes (>1 MW)

Yes (>1 MW)

Jharkhand

1.00%

3.00%


Yes (>1 MW)

Yes (>5 MW)

Karnataka

0.25% for all DISCOMs


Yes (>5 MW)

Yes (>5 MW)

10% for BESCOM, MESCOM, CESC

7% for HESCOM, GESCOM, Hukkeri Society

5% for Captive/ Open-Access Consumer Kerala

0.25%

3.35%


Yes

Yes

Madhya Pradesh

0.60%

3.40%


Yes

Yes

Maharashtra

0.25%

7.75%


Yes (>1 MW)

Yes (>1 MW)

Meghalaya

0.40%

0.60%


Yes

Yes

Manipur

0.25%

4.75%


Yes

Yes

Mizoram

0.25%

6.75%


Yes

Yes

Nagaland

0.25%

7.75%


Yes

Yes

Orissa

0.15%

5.35%


Yes

Yes (>5 MW)

Punjab

0.07%

2.83%


Yes

Yes

Rajasthan

0.75%

6.35%


Yes

Yes

Sikkim

No Concept of RPO yet

Tamil Nadu

0.25%

9.75%


Yes (>1 MW)

Yes (>1 MW)

Tripura

0.10%

1.90%


Yes

Yes (>5 MW)

Uttarakhand

0.05%

5.00%


Yes

Yes

Uttar Pradesh

1.00%

5.00%


Yes

Yes (>1 MW)

West Bengal

REC mechanism not recognized

While the above table clearly specifies the RPOs of various states and UTs, the fact remains that the demand for RECs is not in line with the obligations. In our previous issue of RE Chronicles, we projected the REC potential for 2012-13 as 48.81 Million for Non-Solar and 3.66 Million for Solar. The monthly trading is falling far short of these figures as State DISCOMs are not purchasing RECs. Most of the state DISCOMs might end up defaulting the RPO Obligations even though CERC has announced strict measures. While some states such as Punjab have used carry-forward facility to shift RPO obligation to next year, some DISCOMs are filing court cases against applicability of RPO on grounds of adverse financial conditions. Low demand of RECs is not only worrying existing players in the REC market but also prospective investors who are still not confident about the financial viability of REC based projects. The Government needs to take necessary measures so as to assure state DISCOMs to participate in REC trading and at the same time boost Investors confidence in REC market.

Voluntary RE Compliance and REC Markets It’s been just a year and a half since REC trading started in India and considerable activity has already been observed though it is not as high as expected. This has drawn criticism towards Government upon necessary enforcement. RPO Obligation can be met using any of the following 3 ways: 1. Generating green power onsite 2. Signing a PPA with green power producer 3. Buying RECs This, however, is the case only for Obligated Entities. A self-compliant or voluntary market is evolving alongside the compliance market and it promises a great potential in the coming years. In this article, we try to uncover ‘Voluntary Green Power’ usage with special focus on Voluntary REC (VREC) purchase where organizations make considerable investments in greening their power usage. There could be 3 main players in voluntary market in India: 1. Private firms- Services/ Manufacturing 2. Govt. firms (Central Public Enterprises/ State run organizations) 3. Non-profit organizations Rationale behind voluntary compliance: A) Private firms: Various firms in India have incorporated their sustainability units or take sustainability consulting services to plan corporate sustainability targets for achieving GHG emission reductions. To reduce direct emissions under scope 1 as per UNFCCC guidelines, carbon management projects are employed or voluntary emissions reduction certificates are purchased. To cut down indirect emissions (consumption of purchased electricity, heat or steam) under scope 2 , firms can employ 3 activities* (as defined earlier) for which following 4 reasons have been identified: 1. Energy Security: With rising prices of electricity along with shortage of power, firms now want to be energy secure with a long-term picture in a mind. 2. International consumers/clients: As Indian MNCs deal with environmentally conscious foreign clients, they need to showcase their commitment to the environment by setting and achieving ‘Sustainability’ goals. 3. Positioning services/products: Firms across the world are trying to implement sustainability across their value chain system to position their products and services as green to gain differential competitive advantage. Recently, BMW has started offering purchase of RECs to its buyers of BMW ActiveE electric cars to source electricity needs for charging from renewable energy generation. 4. Climate Change initiatives & Community Leadership: Organizations are working to reduce their environmental impact on the community and have pledged initiatives against climate change. They create awareness among the community stakeholders for climate change and motivate them to follow their path.

Balance between achieved (by implementing sustainable development projects/ activities) and targeted GHG emissions reductions can be offset by buying carbon credits/ RECs. Services industry (IT, banking, healthcare, business services, public administration, hospitality, transport) mainly has scope 2 & 3 emissions as compared to scope 1 due to its heavy reliance mainly on purchased energy and outsourced employee transportation. Hence it can heavily rely on green power usage for reducing/offsetting its carbon footprint. Manufacturing industry, which mainly has scope 1 emissions can partly rely on green power for significant carbon emission reduction. B) Government Companies: Sustainable Development (SD) guidelines issued by Department of Public Enterprises (DPE)is a compulsory compliance element under ‘Non-financial parameters’ for CPSEs. According to these guidelines, all profit-making CPSEs will have to implement Carbon management & Energy management (including Energy efficiency & Renewable energy) projects. Voluntary procurement of RECs will be considered under Carbon management & Energy management projects/ activities and can be used to offset scope 1, 2 & 3 emissions. Minimum expenditure for SD projects/ activities for the current FY will be:  0.5% of PAT for PAT of less than Rs.100 Crores for previous FY  50 Lakhs + 0.1% of PAT for PAT exceeding Rs.100 Crores for previous FY  Sick and/or loss making CPSEs need not commit to any specific expenditure to SD projects C) Non-profit organizations: Non-profit organizations are environmentally conscious as they work for the benefit of the society. Also, many of these are in pursuit of being energy secure themselves. They invest in RE projects (from the funds) and/or they buy carbon credits/ RECs to offset their GHG emissions. Buying RECs for greening power: RECs can be bought from power exchanges IEX, PXIL. Voluntary buyers can bid in REC trading session on last Wednesday of every month. Solar RECs as well as NonSolar RECs can be bought during this monthly trading session. The price of RECs is discovered within forbearance and floor price on the exchanges independently in response to demand-supply of RECs. The table below indicates the price band of trading for Solar and Non-Solar RECs. Non-solar REC (Rs./MWh)

Solar REC (Rs./MWh)

Forbearance Price

3300

13400

Floor Price

1500

9300

Sample Case: (Reference: IEX)

XYZ is a form with annual consumption of electricity at 10,00,000 Units. Assumption: 5% Renewable Energy Voluntary Compliance target

Calculations: Market price of Non-Solar REC: Rs.2454* [*Avg clearing price for Non-solar REC for 18 sessions combined on IEX and PXIL]

IEX Transaction fee: Rs 20/ REC Member Transaction Charge (assumed): Rs 30/ REC Cost of purchasing 1 Non-Solar REC: Rs.2504 No. of RECs to be purchased by XYZ: 50 Result: Total Cost of meeting RPO comes out to Rs.125200 i.e. Rs.0.125 (REC cost) per unit consumed resulting in Carbon emissions reduction of 40 Tonnes CO2e. [1 REC = 1 MWh = 1000 KWh = 1000*0.8 kg CO2e/KWha = 0.8 Tonnes CO2e*] [*Source: CENTRAL ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY: CO2 BASELINE DATABASE Version 7.0]

Current Status of Voluntary Purchase: Power System Operation Corporation Ltd. (POSOCO) which is a wholly owned subsidiary of PGCIL, is the first PSE as well as company in India to participate in voluntary purchase of RECs for offsetting carbon emissions. Manikaran Power trading has been the first private firm which voluntarily purchased RECs. Various corporates have expressed their interest in buying RECs on voluntary basis to portray ‘Green Image’ but, as expressed by Mr. Pramod Deo – Chairman of CERC, cumbersome registration process for RECs has been observed a barrier to their participation. Along with making the process easy there has also been a proposition for attaching financial benefits such as tax rebate on Voluntary REC (VREC) purchase to boost the Voluntary Market. Regional Voluntary REC Markets abroad: In US, REC mechanism is used as a market based solution to promote generation of renewable energy. Voluntary market for RECs has been really impressive in US along with compliance market. Environmental Protection Agency’s ‘Green Power Partnership (GPP)’ program encourages organizations (such as Fortune 500 companies, small and medium sized businesses, local, state, and federal governments, and colleges and universities) to buy green power as a way to reduce their environmental impacts associated with purchased electricity use. As per GPP program (as on July 5, 2012) Intel stands at the top in US with highest annual green power usage (2,798,660,169 KWh which is 89% of its total electricity use) from Biogas, Biomass, Small-hydro, Solar, Wind sources. Future Ahead: Voluntary REC market in India has not picked up that aggressively as expected. However, with growing popularity of green power usage, this market will attain a significant size in coming years. Onsite green power generation, buying power from green power producer and voluntary purchase of RECs will be necessarily a predominant way to attain sustainability targets. Programmes like EPA’s GPP program if implemented in India can give a boost to voluntary green power usage since this leads to recognition and publicity of an organization as an environmental leader and increases credibility among stakeholders and shareholders too.

Policy Update: Uttar Pradesh Draft Solar Policy India’s most populous state released the Draft version of its Solar Policy in August. The target it has set for 2017 is as much as the current Installed Solar Capacity of India i.e. 1000 MW. Uttar Pradesh plans to do this in phase wise manner as indicated below: Phase

Period

I

2012-13

II

2013-14

150

III

2014-15

300

IV

2015-16

300

V

2016-17

250

Total

Target Capacity (MW)

1000

Both Grid-Connected and Off-Grid projects come under the ambit of this policy. Under GridConnected type, projects are classified based on size as well as land owner. In the former category i.e. Project Size, the policy states 3 categories:   

Small: 2 MW – 10 MW Medium: 10 MW – 25 MW Large: More than 25 MW

The land owner category includes 2 categories – Private land and Government land. The Government land based projects shall be based on lands leased to developers for the period of 25 years or life of power plant (whichever is less) for which a per-unit (generated) charge shall be levied on the developer. The following are the qualification criteria specified for setting up Grid-Connected power plants. S.No.

1.

Power Plant Size

Technical Criteria

Small (2 – 10 MW)

Experience of successfully commissioning grid connected Solar Power Project(s) aggregating at least Rs.10 Crore in the last three years

Financial Criteria Net Worth: Rs.3 Crore/MW or equivalent US$ derived from any of the last 3 years annual accounts Annual Turnover: Rs.5 Crore/MW or equivalent US$ derived from last 3 years annual accounts

2.

Medium (>10 – 25 MW)

Net Worth: Experience of successfully Rs.3 Crore/MW or equivalent US$ derived commissioning grid connected from any of the last 3 years annual accounts Solar Power Project(s) aggregating at least Rs.30 Annual Turnover: Crore in the last three years Rs.5 Crore/MW or equivalent US$ derived from last 3 years annual accounts Net Worth: Rs.3 Crore/MW or equivalent US$ derived from any of the last 3 years annual accounts. For every MW additional capacity, beyond 25 MW, additional net worth of Rs.2 Crore would need to be demonstrated

3.

Large (>25 MW)

Experience of successfully commissioning grid connected Annual Turnover: Solar Power Project(s) Rs.5 Crore/MW or equivalent US$ derived aggregating at least Rs.50 from last 3 years annual accounts Crore in the last three years Internal Resource Generation: INR 2 Crore or equivalent USD per MW of the capacity, computed as 5 times the maximum internal resources generated during any of the last 5 years business operation

Here are a few other salient points from the policy: 1. Adequate measures such as “Letter of Credit” and “Default Escrow Account” are proposed to be set up in favour of Project Developer so as to facilitate timely payment and protection against default. 2. Exemption from Transmission/Wheeling Charges and Open Access Charges for third party sale and captive units. 3. Time frame for Solar PV project implementation is 12 months and for Solar Thermal projects implementation is 18 months from the date of issuance of concurrence from DISCOM. 4. No fossil fuels are permitted to be used in Solar thermal projects. 5. Single Window Clearance System 6. Set up of Uttar Pradesh Renewable Energy Development Fund to incentivise Solar and other Renewable Energy projects. This pretty much sums up the entire policy. However, you can check out the entire document at http://neda.up.nic.in/PROGRAMMES/SEP/SPOWER-POLICY-DRAFT-2012.pdf

Renewable Energy News National Power Crisis cripples Andhra Pradesh: The last 3 weeks have pulled the state of Andhra Pradesh into a certain kind of darkness. While the 3 hour power cut for domestic consumers is back, big and small-scale industries are the ones that took a big hit. 15 days of power holiday per month for regular industries and 12 days for Small Scale industries is abnormal even for the summer season (http://bit.ly/O1uuwL). Production has come to a halt for many industries and small scale units which cannot afford to stay out of production may eventually shut down if the situation continues. In order to help industries cope with the scenario, the state government has exempted VAT on diesel generation for Captive Power generation and removed wheeling charges on Wind farms for industries (http://bit.ly/R0H8ci). The reason as stated by authorities is a combination of a steep increase in demand and a shortage of power due to poor gas supply to power plants and low reservoir levels in hydel plants. The past one week of heavy rains in the state should have brought up the reservoir levels fairly and should alleviate the ongoing situation. Hope for the best!!

Innovation Wind Mills to create water: French engineering firm EOLE has created a wind mill that generates Electricity and Water. EOLE has devised a technique to collect moisture from air and condense it into water. The electricity generated is used to purify the water so as to provide clean drinking water. This system is expected to solve the water woes of the water starved nations of the world. One system can churn out a 1000 Litres of water per day. The company expects to sell each of these at USD 660,000 – 790,000. Check out http://read.bi/OIMo69 for more.

(Image Source: BusinessInsider.com)

Funding organizations and governments are the could-be customers and low cost and low capacity versions of these systems would be much helpful on a community level. Here’s an Indian version of such a product – Akash Ganga (Check out http://bit.ly/TYikUp)

Flexible batteries for the future: We all appreciate how important batteries are in Renewable Energy based Stand-alone systems. Well, battery technologies are evolving pretty fast. While there are thin-film Li-ion batteries already in the making, an even more flexible version i.e. cable Li-ion batteries (see picture below) have been invented. A group of scientists funded by South Korea’s Ministry of Education, Science and Technology have come up with this unique cable-based battery technology. The blue-colored wire in the picture below is a Li-ion battery that is as good as normal Li-ion battery in terms of energy density. This technology can hugely benefit the Renewable Energy Industry and Flexible Electronics powered by Renewable Energy such as solar. What do you think?

(Image Source: Paper published on Wiley.com)

Check out full paper at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.201202196/pdf

What next? We hope we have met your expectation thus far. If we haven’t, do write to us or call us on the contact details provided below.

Our next issue will contain: 

An interesting analysis on an issue on Indian Renewable Energy scenario



Special analysis on REC trading for first half of 2012-13 and the future ahead



REC projects capacity addition in September



More interesting and exciting articles on Renewable Energy developments from across the world and India.

Editorial Team -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pradeep Palelli

Varun Mittal

Managing Partner,

Freelance Writer (Renewable Energy)

EfficientCarbon -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------We would love to hear from you. Drop us an email to [email protected] or give a call on +91-9052224701.

Thank you!

About EfficientCarbon EfficientCarbon (http://efficientcarbon.com/) is a Hyderabad based company working in the Energy, Environment and Sustainability domain. We provide focussed services in the following areas:

Renewable Energy Technical Consulting

REC Advisory

Carbon Management

Sustainability Strategy

Energy Efficiency and Energy Management

CDM facilitaion

Our team consists of graduates from respected institutions such as BITS-Pilani and IFMR-Chennai with several years of experience in companies like Infosys, Godrej and Titan. We are also supported by a team of advisors who, on average, have more than 25 years of experience in the above mentioned 6 different areas. We have successfully executed several projects for our esteemed clients such as Maha Cements, Andhra Pradesh State Co-operative Bank (APCOB), Ramco Systems, Capital IQ, GTP Granites and Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB). Renewable Energy and REC Advisory: We have a highly qualified team with expert knowledge on the commercial and technical aspects of various Solar Energy technologies. Also, we pride ourselves in being capable of delivering the best services on the REC front as we are backed-up by a powerful back-end which constantly monitors the REC Market.

Renewable Energy Certificates

Solar Power Plants

Accreditation, Registration, Issuance and Trading

Financial Analysis for Industrial and Gridscale Evaluating technology options

Financial Analysis for projects Market Assessment and Pre-Feasibility Reports Market Intelligence

Preparing Bid documents for tenders