SPECIAL REVIEW 1979 to 1988.

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2•Final energy requireme ts' refers to t e mount of energy_cons urn by the .... exports to China, local consumption by
SPECIAL REVIEW

ENERGY STATISTICS

IN HONG KONG

Energy statistics collated from various sources have been published quarterly by the Census and Statistics Department since 1982. This article presents the salient features of the supply and demand patterns of different forms of energy for the period 1979 to 1988.

Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics

January

1990

101

SPECIAL REVIEW ENERGY STATISTICS IN HONG KONG

1.

General energy scene in Hong Kong

1. 1 Energy supply. Hong Kong obtains its primary energy requirements1 (PER) entirely from imports of coal and oil products as it has no indigenous sources of energy. Supplies of electricity and gas are produced through transformation processes using imported fuels. 1.2 Before 1982, the imports of oil fuels accounted for almost all of the PER. The more common oil products include aviation fuels, motor gasoline, kerosene, naphtha, diesel oil, diesel fuels, fuel oil and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). As from 1982, the electricity companies started to use coal-fired plant> to generate electricity. Since then, the imports of coal fuels have been increasing and coal fuels have surpassed oil fuels as the major source of the PER. The major coal products are steam coal and other coal, wood charcoal, anthracite, and coke and semi-coke. 1.3 The two other forms of energy products, namely electricity and towngas, are generated through conversion of the primary energy inputs. The fuel inputs for electricity generation include steam coal, fuel oil, diesel oil and light oils. The production of towngas is through transformation of naphtha. 1.4 Energy demand. In Hong Kong, more than half of the PER is consumed in the generation of electricity. The commercial sector is the largest user of electricity, followed by the industrial and the residential sectors. 1.5 Apart commonly and diesel production

from electricity generation, the .PER are used mostly by the transport and the industrial sectors. The known products consumed by the transport sector are aviation fuels, motor gasoline, automobile diesel oil fuels. The industrial sector uses mainly industrial diesel oil and other heavy oils as energy inputs in their processes.

1.6 The residential and the commercial sectors are the major users of towngas and LPG. Apart from using electricity and gas as their major energy supply, these sectors also consume kerosene for heating purposes. 2.

Growth in energy requirements

2.1 There are a number of energy commodities imported in coal or oil form. Statistics on the volume of retained imports of the major energy commodities in Hong Kong for the years 1979 to 1988 are shown in Table 1.

TABLE

1

1979-1988

QUANTITIES OF RETAINED IMPORTS OF SELECTED ENERGY COMMODITIES,

Coal Products: (all in tonne) Steam coal and other coal Wood charcoal Anthracite Coke and semi-coke Oil products: Aviation fuels (kilolitre) Motor gasoline (kilolitre) Kerosene (kilolitre) Naphtha (tonne) Diesel oil (tonne) Diesel fuels(tonne) Fuel oil (tonne) Liquefied petroleum gas (tonne)

Average annual growth rate

1 979

1982

1985

1988

509 19 634 5 305 6 746

1 45 1 485 2 1 959 3 191 2 520

5 520 669 19 852 2 515 3 951

9 264 886 16 697 1 576 1 9 17

36.2%t - 1.8% - 12.6% - 13.0%

746 497 243 638 300 759 70 449 I 098 368 36 149 3 898 216 105 089

1 042 359 320 492 120 205 1 05 768 1 266 851 32 507 3 952 571 1 26 852

1 195 676

1 690 850 264 9 19 74 502 267 466 I 522 721 11 676 I 671 389 !59 533

9.5% 0.9% - 14.4% 1 6.0% 3.7% -1 1.8% -1 3.4%t 4.7%

269 087 82 459 1 87 780 I 050 688 19 61 9 2 056 1 32 143 1 89

t These particular average annual growth rates are calculated for the years between l9!:Q and 1988 only, because coal-fired plant was introduced to replace oil-fired plants in 1982. Please also see commentary in paragraph 2.2 for details

1 'Primary energy reqUJremems· refers to the overall consumption. measured i�