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SPICe Briefing
Unconventional Gas in Scotland 24 October 2013 13/68 Alasdair Reid This briefing considers unconventional gas exploration and extraction in Scotland and the UK; including the technique known as hydraulic fracturing (fracking), which has attracted a significant amount of scrutiny in recent months. It also considers some of the broader social, economic and environmental impacts that might arise from exploiting this resource.
CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND................................................................................................................................................................. 4 WHAT IS UNCONVENTIONAL GAS AND HOW IS IT EXTRACTED? ........................................................................ 5 Extraction Processes ................................................................................................................................................ 5 UNCONVENTIONAL GAS POTENTIAL IN THE UK ....................................................................................................... 9 UNCONVENTIONAL GAS IN THE US ............................................................................................................................. 9 GOVERNMENT POLICY ................................................................................................................................................. 10 REGULATORY REGIME ............................................................................................................................................ 11 PEDL Licences ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Planning Permission ............................................................................................................................................... 11 Environmental Permissions .................................................................................................................................... 12 Could the Scottish Government Ban Unconventional Gas Extraction? .................................................................. 12 Other Permissions ................................................................................................................................................... 13 CURRENT ACTIVITIES .................................................................................................................................................. 14 THE IMPACT OF UNCONVENTIONAL GAS ................................................................................................................. 17 EUROPE ..................................................................................................................................................................... 17 UNITED KINGDOM ..................................................................................................................................................... 18 Security of supply and economic impacts ............................................................................................................... 20 Environmental impacts ............................................................................................................................................ 21 SOURCES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 26 ANNEXE A – CURRENT PEDL LICENCES ................................................................................................................... 34 ANNEXE B – CURRENT PEDL LICENCES BY SCOTTISH PARLIAMENTARY
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4. Table 3 describes some of the limitations of the available data sources. While we have relatively good data at a Scotland level we are limited in our ability to analyse data for specific industries or areas within Scotland. Table 3: Limitations of
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