Standards and Standardisation A practical guide for researchers
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EUROPEAN COMMISSION DIRECTORATE-GENERAL FOR RESEARCH & INNOVATION Directorate G - Industrial technologies
Standards and Standardisation A practical guide for researchers
Author Dr. Peter Hatto
LEGAL NOTICE Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu).
Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Purpose of the guide............................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Roles of standards in modern society .................................................................................. 3 1.3 Who makes standards and why ........................................................................................... 4 1.4 Standards and regulations .................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Formal and informal standards ............................................................................................. 6 1.6 Types and examples of documents from formal standards bodies. .................................... 7 1.7 Standards as a means of disseminating and implementing the results of research ......... 12 2 Preparing for standardization .................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Recognising needs and opportunities for standardization ................................................. 14 2.2 Research results appropriate for standardization .............................................................. 14 2.3 Standards versus patents – which option and why? .......................................................... 15 2.4 What is needed before starting? Verification and validation. ............................................. 16 2.5 Which type of standard deliverable? .................................................................................. 17 2.6 Under which standards organisation should a standard be developed?........................... 18 2.7 Joint working between committees and between standards organisations....................... 20 2.8 Standardization project characterization template ............................................................. 21 2.9 The new work item proposal and approval processes....................................................... 21 3 The standards development process ........................................................................................ 23 3.1 The ISO/IEC Directives and CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations................................... 23 3.2 The standards development substructure .......................................................................... 23 3.3 The role of experts, commitment required, and the role of consensus.............................. 25 3.4 Elements of a standard ....................................................................................................... 27 3.4.1 Normative and informative elements ........................................................................... 27 3.4.2 Structural elements ...................................................................................................... 28 3.4.3 Words with specific meaning in a standard ................................................................. 30 3.5 Document development and review checklist .................................................................... 31 4 The approval and review process ............................................................................................. 32 4.1 Who, when and how ...............................................
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