Survey of Young Americans' Attitudes toward Politics and Public ...

Survey of Young Americans’ Attitudes toward Politics and Public Service 25th Edition: March 22 – April 4, 2014 N=3,058 18-29 Year Olds in English and Spanish (with GfK KnowledgePanel i) Margin of Error for entire sample: +/- 1.8% at the 95% level

1.

With regard to school, are you currently enrolled at any of the following? Please select all that apply: High school .................................................... Trade/Vocational school ................................ 2-year junior college or community college ......................................... 4-year college or university ........................... Graduate school ............................................. Business school or professional school.......... Not enrolled in college/university but taking at least one course .............................................. Not currently enrolled in any of these............

7% 2% 11% 21% 5% 1% 1% 54%

[If currently enrolled in a 4-year college, ask Q2] 2.

In which year of college are you?

First year student/Freshman ........................... Second year student/Sophomore .................... Third year student/Junior ............................... Fourth year student/Senior ............................. Fifth year student or higher ............................

(n=626) 17% 22% 27% 27% 8%

Harvard IOP Survey – Spring 2014 3.

Page 2 of 56

We understand that plenty of young people are not registered to vote, but we are wondering if you are registered to vote? Yes ................................................................. No................................................................... Don’t know ....................................................

68% 27% 5%

[If respondent was over 18 in 2012, ask Q4-Q5] The following are questions about voter registration and voting. 4.

Which of the following statements best describes your voter registration status for the last presidential election held on November 6th, 2012? (n=2,727) I was registered .............................................. 70% I thought about registering, but didn’t ........... 4% I tried to register, but was unable to............... 1% I was not registered to vote on Nov. 6 ........... 18% Not sure .......................................................... 6%

5.

Which of the following statements best describes your voting in the last presidential election held on November 6th, 2012? (n=2,727) I voted at a polling place ................................ 43% I voted early ................................................... 8% I voted by absentee ballot .............................. 10% I planned on voting, but wasn’t able to .......... 5% I did not vote in this election.......................... 33% I went to the polling place, but wasn’t allowed to vote ............................................... 1%


7.

8.

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When it comes to voting, with which party do you consider yourself to be affiliated? NET: Democrat ............................................ Strong Democrat ............................................ Not a very strong Democrat ...........................

37% 15% 22%

NET: Republican ......................................... Strong Republican .......................................... Not a very strong Republican ........................

25% 11% 14%

NET: Independent ....................................... Leans Democrat ............................................. Leans Republican ........................................... Does not lean either way ................................

38% 10% 7% 22%

Decline to answer ...........................................

1%

When it comes to most political issues, do you think of yourself as a…? NET: Liberal ................................................ Liberal ............................................................ Moderate leaning Liberal ...............................

36% 25% 10%

Moderate ........................................................

30%

NET: Conservative....................................... Moderate leaning Conservative ..................... Conservative ..................................................

32% 9% 24%


1%

Do you consider yourself to be a supporter of the Tea Party movement, or are you not a supporter of the Tea Party movement? Supporter ........................................................ Not a supporter ............................................... Not sure ..........................................................

8% 48% 44%

Harvard IOP Survey – Spring 2014

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[If respondent was over 18 in 2012 and “Voted” in Q5, ask Q9] 9.

For whom did you vote for president in 2012? (n=1,654) Barack Obama ................................................ 56% Mitt Romney .................................................. 31% Someone else ................................................. 5% Don’t remember ............................................. 1% Decline to answer ........................................... 6%

10.

How likely is it that you will vote in the general midterm election for Congress in November?

Definitely will be voting ................................ Probably will be voting .................................. 50-50 .............................................................. Probably won’t be voting ............................... Definitely won’t be voting .............................

11.

Do you consider yourself to be politically engaged or politically active? Yes ................................................................. No................................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

12.

23% 16% 25% 20% 16%

19% 81% 1%

All in all, do you think things in the nation are…? Generally headed in the right direction .......... Off on the wrong track ................................... Not sure what direction country is headed in. Decline to answer ...........................................

21% 45% 34% *


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Thinking about national issues for a moment, which issue concerns you the most? (Open-ended question) NET: Economy ............................................. General ........................................................... Jobs ................................................................ Budget/government spending ........................ Economic equality/inequality ........................ Money issues/financial stability..................... Taxes ..............................................................

48% 26% 11% 6% 3% 2% 1%

Health care, general ....................................... Education ....................................................... Foreign Affairs ............................................... Immigration.................................................... Environment ................................................... Abortion ......................................................... President Obama/lack of leadership............... Government/political corruption....................

11% 7% 6% 4% 2% 1% 1% 1%

Other issues .................................................... Don’t know/No answer ..................................

11% 8%


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In general, do you approve or disapprove of the job performance of: 14.

Barack Obama as President. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

15.

The Democrats in Congress. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

16.

47% 52% 2%

37% 61% 2%

The Republicans in Congress. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

23% 74% 2%


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Now thinking specifically about Barack Obama, do you approve or disapprove of the way he is handling: 17.

Climate change. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

18.

The economy. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

19.

38% 59% 3%

Health care. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

21.

37% 61% 2%

Iran. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

20.

47% 51% 3%

39% 59% 2%

Federal budget deficit. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

31% 66% 3%


Syria. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

23.

34% 62% 4%

Student debt. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

24.

Page 8 of 56

38% 60% 2%

Ukraine. Approve.......................................................... Disapprove ..................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

38% 59% 3%


Page 9 of 56

Do you have a favorable or unfavorable view of Hillary Clinton?

Net: Favorable .............................................. Very favorable ............................................... Somewhat favorable.......................................

52% 15% 37%

Net: Unfavorable .......................................... Very unfavorable ........................................... Somewhat unfavorable...................................

42% 19% 23%

Never heard of her ......................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

5% 1%

[If not “Never heard of her” or “decline to answer” in Q25, ask Q26] 26.

Over the last year, would you say your opinion of Hillary Clinton has gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same? (n=2,889) Gotten better................................................... 17% Gotten worse .................................................. 16% Stayed about the same .................................... 67% Decline to answer ........................................... 1%


Page 10 of 56

Do you have a favorable or unfavorable view of Chris Christie? Net: Favorable .............................................. Very favorable ............................................... Somewhat favorable.......................................

21% 3% 18%

Net: Unfavorable .......................................... Very unfavorable ........................................... Somewhat unfavorable...................................

39% 13% 26%

Never heard of him ........................................ Decline to answer ...........................................

39% 1%

[If not “Never heard of him” or “decline to answer” in Q27, ask Q28] 28.

Over the last year, would you say your opinion of Chris Christie has gotten better, gotten worse, or stayed about the same? (n=1,841) Gotten better................................................... 8% Gotten worse .................................................. 43% Stayed about the same .................................... 49% Decline to answer ........................................... *


Page 11 of 56

On which of the following platforms do you have an account? 29.

Facebook. Yes ................................................................ No .................................................................. Decline to answer ...........................................

30.

Twitter. Yes ................................................................ No .................................................................. Decline to answer ...........................................

31.

36% 62% 2%

Pinterest. Yes ................................................................ No .................................................................. Decline to answer ...........................................

33.

40% 58% 2%

Instagram. Yes ................................................................ No .................................................................. Decline to answer ...........................................

32.

84% 15% 1%

33% 65% 2%

Google+. Yes ................................................................ No .................................................................. Decline to answer ...........................................

44% 55% 1%


Snapchat. Yes ................................................................ No .................................................................. Decline to answer ...........................................

35.

14% 84% 2%

FourSquare. Yes ................................................................ No .................................................................. Decline to answer ...........................................

37.

23% 75% 2%

Tumblr. Yes ................................................................ No .................................................................. Decline to answer ...........................................

36.

Page 12 of 56

6% 91% 2%

WhatsApp. Yes ................................................................ No .................................................................. Decline to answer ...........................................

9% 89% 2%


Page 13 of 56

Next, we are interested in learning more about some of the activities that young people participate in when they are not in school or work. 38.

Generally, do you feel like you have enough time to be involved in activities other than schoolwork and a job? Yes, have enough time ................................... No, do not have enough time .........................

51% 49%

Have you participated in any of the following activities in the past 12 months? 39.

Volunteered for community service?

Yes ................................................................ No ..................................................................

31% 68%

[If “Yes” in Q39, ask 40] 40.

How often did you participate in this activity? (n=958) Weekly .......................................................... 22% A few times a month ..................................... 20% About once a month ...................................... 21% Less than once a month ................................. 37%

41.

Have you participated in a government, political, or issue-related organization? Yes ................................................................ No ..................................................................

7% 93%

[If “Yes” in Q41, ask Q42] 42.

How often did you participate in this activity?

Weekly .......................................................... A few times a month ..................................... About once a month ...................................... Less than once a month .................................

(n=199) 15% 21% 30% 35%


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We would now like to ask you some questions about your participation in various activities. Have you ever done any of the following? 43.

Signed an online petition? Yes ................................................................ No ..................................................................

44.

Written an e-mail or letter advocating for a political position or opinion? Yes ................................................................ No ..................................................................

45.

11% 88%

Donated money to a political campaign or cause? Yes ................................................................ No ..................................................................

48.

9% 91%

Contributed to an online discussion or blog advocating for a political position or opinion? Yes ................................................................ No ..................................................................

47.

13% 87%

Attended a political rally or demonstration? Yes ................................................................ No ..................................................................

46.

33% 67%

9% 91%

Volunteered on a political campaign for a candidate or an issue? Yes ................................................................ No ..................................................................

7% 93%

[If “Yes” in Q29, ask Q49-Q51] 49.

Liked a political issue on Facebook? (n=2,582) Yes ................................................................ 28% No .................................................................. 72%


Liked a political candidate on Facebook? (n=2,582) Yes ................................................................ 20% No .................................................................. 80%

51.

Used your Facebook status to advocate for a political position? (n=2,582) Yes ................................................................ 16% No .................................................................. 83%


Used Twitter to advocate for a political position? (n=1,231) Yes ................................................................ 13% No .................................................................. 87%


Do you currently list a political view on your Facebook profile? (n=2,582) Yes ................................................................ 18% No .................................................................. 82%

Page 15 of 56


Page 16 of 56

Switching gears now, below is a short list of institutions. How often do you trust each of them to do the right thing? 54.

55.

The President. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

32% 5% 27%

NET: Sometimes/Never ............................... Some of the time ........................................... Never .............................................................

67% 45% 22%

Decline to answer ..........................................

1%

The United States Military. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

47% 12% 35%


52% 39% 13%


1%


57.

58.

Page 17 of 56

The Congress. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

14% 2% 12%


85% 57% 28%


1%

The Supreme Court. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

36% 6% 30%


63% 47% 16%


1%

The federal government. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

20% 3% 17%


80% 56% 24%


1%


60.

61.

Page 18 of 56

The United Nations. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

34% 5% 29%


66% 46% 20%


1%

Your state government. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

28% 3% 25%


71% 53% 18%


1%

Your local government. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

33% 3% 30%


66% 50% 16%


1%


63.

64.

Page 19 of 56

Wall Street. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

12% 2% 10%


88% 50% 38%


1%

The media. NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

11% 2% 9%


88% 54% 35%


1%

The NSA (National Security Agency). NET: All/Most .............................................. All of the time ............................................... Most of the time ............................................

24% 4% 20%


76% 49% 27%


1%


Page 20 of 56

Below is a list of statements about politics and public service. Do you agree or disagree with these statements? 65.

66.

I feel like I need more practical information about politics before I get involved. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

46% 14% 32%

Neither agree nor disagree ............................

38%

NET: Disagree .............................................. Somewhat disagree ....................................... Strongly disagree ..........................................

15% 10% 5%


1%

Elected officials seem to be motivated by selfish reasons. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

62% 27% 34%


30%


7% 5% 2%


1%


68.

Page 21 of 56

Politics is not relevant to my life right now. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

25% 9% 16%


36%


39% 25% 14%


1%

Political involvement rarely has any tangible results. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

29% 8% 21%


46%


24% 19% 5%


1%


70.

Page 22 of 56

It doesn’t really matter to me who the President is. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

16% 5% 11%


26%


57% 26% 31%


1%

People like me don’t have any say about what the government does. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

41% 14% 26%


33%


25% 18% 7%


1%


72.

Page 23 of 56

Running for office is an honorable thing to do. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

32% 8% 24%


47%


20% 13% 7%


1%

Community service is an honorable thing to do. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

70% 40% 30%


24%


6% 3% 2%


1%


74.

Page 24 of 56

Politics has become too partisan. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

49% 25% 24%


44%


6% 4% 2%


2%

The idea of working in some form of public service is appealing to me. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

29% 8% 21%


38%


32% 18% 14%


1%


76.

Page 25 of 56

I don’t believe my vote will make a real difference. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

35% 13% 22%


30%


34% 22% 12%


1%

The results of my previous involvement in politics have left me disappointed. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

20% 7% 13%


57%


22% 13% 9%


2%


78.

Page 26 of 56

Politics today are no longer able to meet the challenges our country is facing. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

48% 16% 32%


38%


14% 11% 2%


1%

Elected officials don’t seem to have the same priorities I have. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

58% 24% 34%


32%


9% 7% 2%


1%


80.

Page 27 of 56

Overall, how important of a factor is education in achieving the American Dream? NET: Important ........................................... Very important .............................................. Somewhat important ......................................

90% 60% 30%

NET: Not Important .................................... Not very important ........................................ Not at all important .......................................

9% 6% 3%


*

What level of education do you feel is necessary to achieve the American Dream? None .............................................................. High school degree ........................................ Some college/Community college ................. Bachelor’s degree........................................... Master’s degree .............................................. Doctoral or other professional degree ............ Decline to answer ...........................................

5% 15% 20% 35% 17% 9% 1%


Page 28 of 56

How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? 81.

82.

Cutting taxes is an effective way to increase economic growth. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

40% 12% 28%


40%


19% 13% 6%


1%

Our country’s goal in trade policy should be to eliminate all barriers to trade and employment so that we have a truly global economy. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

24% 5% 19%


48%


26% 19% 7%


1%


84.

Page 29 of 56

Basic health insurance is a right for all people, and if someone has no means of paying for it, the government should provide it. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

42% 21% 21%


31%


26% 13% 13%


1%

Qualified minorities should be given special preference in hiring and education. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

15% 5% 10%


36%


47% 17% 31%


2%


86.

Page 30 of 56

Religious values should play a more important role in government. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

21% 8% 13%


34%


44% 13% 31%


2%

In today’s world, it is sometimes necessary to attack potentially hostile countries, rather than waiting until we are attacked to respond. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

16% 4% 13%


43%


40% 20% 19%


1%


88.

Page 31 of 56

Government should do more to curb climate change, even at the expense of economic growth. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

27% 10% 17%


45%


26% 13% 13%


2%

Homosexual relationships are morally wrong. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

27% 19% 8%


26%


46% 8% 37%


1%


90.

Page 32 of 56

If parents had more freedom to choose where they could send their children to school, the education system in this country would be better. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

40% 14% 26%


35%


24% 16% 8%


1%

I am concerned about the moral direction of the country. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ............................................... Somewhat agree .............................................

51% 24% 26%


33%


15% 8% 7%


2%


92.

Page 33 of 56

Recent immigration into this country has done more good than harm. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

25% 8% 17%

Neither agree nor disagree .............................

42%

NET: Disagree .............................................. Somewhat disagree ........................................ Strongly disagree ...........................................

31% 17% 14%


2%

The government should spend more to reduce poverty. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

39% 15% 24%


33%


27% 16% 11%


2%


94.

Page 34 of 56

Government spending is an effective way to increase economic growth. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

24% 7% 17%


43%


34% 18% 14%


2%

Basic necessities, such as food and shelter, are a right that the government should provide to those unable to afford them. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

42% 16% 26%


34%


24% 13% 11%


1%


96.

Page 35 of 56

I am willing to give up some personal freedom and privacy for the sake of national security. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

40% 6% 24%


32%


37% 17% 20%


1%

A friend’s sexual orientation is not important to me. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

61% 41% 20%


24%


14% 8% 6%


1%


98.

Page 36 of 56

I hold the same views on same-sex marriage as my parents. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

43% 24% 20%


33%


23% 13% 10%


1%

Public schools should focus more on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) even if it comes at the expense of other areas such as social studies and the arts. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

32% 10% 22%


35%


32% 19% 13%


1%


100.

Page 37 of 56

Increased racial diversity in the student body improves the quality of college education. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

46% 14% 22%


33%


19% 12% 7%


2%

I would be more likely to vote in an election where legalizing marijuana was on the ballot. NET: Agree ................................................... Strongly agree ................................................ Somewhat agree .............................................

23% 12% 12%


43%


32% 11% 22%


1%


Page 38 of 56

What is the one website, social network or app that you could not live without? Facebook ........................................................ Google ............................................................ Twitter ............................................................ YouTube ........................................................ Instagram........................................................

24% 7% 3% 3% 3%

Other .............................................................. None ...............................................................

19% 42%

[If “Yes” in Q29, ask Q102-Q104] Recent studies have indicated that when people sign off of social networks, they feel a variety of emotions. In a typical week, which of these do you most identify with after using Facebook? 102.

Connected vs. Lonely. (n=2,582) Connected ...................................................... 80% Lonely ............................................................ 15% Decline to answer ........................................... 6%

103.

Happy vs. Sad. (n=2,582) Happy ............................................................. 80% Sad.................................................................. 14% Decline to answer ........................................... 6%

104.

Less Anxious vs. More Anxious. (n=2,582) Less anxious ................................................... 73% More anxious ................................................. 20% Decline to answer ........................................... 7%


Page 39 of 56

[If “Yes” in Q30, ask Q105-Q106] Recent studies have indicated that when people sign off of social networks, they feel a variety of emotions. In a typical week, which of these do you most identify with after using Twitter? 105.

Connected vs. Lonely. (n=1,231) Connected ...................................................... 76% Lonely ............................................................ 13% Decline to answer ........................................... 10%

106.

Happy vs. Sad. (n=1,231) Happy ............................................................. 78% Sad.................................................................. 11% Decline to answer ........................................... 10%

107.

Less Anxious vs. More Anxious. (n=1,231) Less anxious ................................................... 69% More anxious ................................................. 19% Decline to answer ........................................... 12%

[If “Yes” in Q29 & Q30, ask 108] 108.

Which of the following do you prefer to receive news about current events? (n=1,162) Facebook ........................................................ 35% Twitter ............................................................ 13% Both equally ................................................... 16% Neither............................................................ 36%


Page 40 of 56

[If “Yes” in Q30, ask Q109-Q110] 109.

Facebook has been asking for additional personal information from users in order to enhance the experience by improving the newsfeed and ad targeting features. Do these changes make you more likely to spend time on Facebook less likely or does it make no difference? (n=2,582) More likely ..................................................... 7% Less likely ...................................................... 35% No difference ................................................. 58%

110.

In the last year, would you say you are using Facebook more, less or about the same? (n=2,582) More ............................................................... 16% Less ................................................................ 38% Ablut the same ............................................... 47%


Page 41 of 56

Do you support or oppose the following: 111.

112.

Legalizing marijuana NET: Support ............................................... Strongly support ............................................. Somewhat support ..........................................

44% 23% 21%

Unsure ............................................................

22%

NET: Oppose ................................................ Somewhat oppose .......................................... Strongly oppose .............................................

34% 11% 23%


*

Legalizing marijuana for medical purposes. NET: Support ............................................... Strongly support ............................................. Somewhat support ..........................................

66% 39% 27%

Unsure ............................................................

19%

NET: Oppose ................................................ Somewhat oppose .......................................... Strongly oppose .............................................

14% 6% 9%


1%


Page 42 of 56

In the past few months, have you used Marijuana? Yes ................................................................. No................................................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

10% 85% 5%

[Asked of residents of all states except for WA and CO] 114.

If marijuana were legalized for recreational use in your state would you: (n=2,937) NET: Definitely/Probably Use It ................ 22% Definitely use it .............................................. 9% Probably use it................................................ 13%

115.

NET: Definitely/Probably Not Use It ......... Definitely not use it ........................................ Probably not use it .........................................

77% 22% 55%


1%

Would your perception of a friend change if you learned they used marijuana recreationally? Yes – it would be more positive .................... Yes – it would be more negative.................... No...................................................................

5% 30% 65%


117.

118.

Page 43 of 56

Do you personally believe the gap in income between the rich and everyone else in America is: A major problem ............................................ A minor problem ............................................ Not a problem ................................................

52% 20% 13%

Unsure ............................................................ Decline to answer ...........................................

14% *

Over the course of your lifetime, would you say the gap in income in America between the rich and everyone else in America: Increased ........................................................ Decreased ....................................................... Stayed about the same ....................................

64% 3% 16%


16% 1%

Based on what you know or have heard, would you say the gap between the rich and the poor in America is greater than in most other developed countries, smaller than that in most other developed countries, or about the same?

Gap in America is greater .............................. Gap in America is smaller.............................. Gap in America is about the same .................

43% 15% 13%


28% 1%


120.

Page 44 of 56

In general, do you think the gap in income between the rich and everyone else in America is more the result of certain people working hard and making smart choices or more the result of factors outside of an individual’s control?

Working hard and smart choices.................... Outside of individual’s control ......................

32% 39%


28% 1%

In general, whose policies would you say are more responsible for the income gap between the rich and everyone else in America? Democratic Party ........................................... Republican Party ............................................ Both equally ...................................................

8% 25% 33%


32% *

Different policymakers have proposed different solutions to reduce the gap between the rich and everyone else in America. Some of these solutions are below. For each solution, please use the following scale to indicate how effective you believe it would be at reducing the gap between the rich and everyone else. 121.

Raising the federal minimum wage to $10.10 per hour. NET: Effective .............................................. Very effective................................................. Somewhat effective ........................................

46% 19% 27%

Unsure ............................................................

26%

NET: Not Effective....................................... Not very effective .......................................... Not at all effective ..........................................

26% 12% 14%


2%


123.

Page 45 of 56

Increasing access to high-quality preschool. NET: Effective .............................................. Very effective................................................. Somewhat effective ........................................

40% 14% 26%

Unsure ............................................................

39%


20% 12% 8%


2%

Making it easier for workers to join unions. NET: Effective .............................................. Very effective................................................. Somewhat effective ........................................

31% 10% 21%

Unsure ............................................................

43%


24% 14% 11%


2%


125.

Page 46 of 56

Strengthening families and increasing the percentage of low-income parents who get married. NET: Effective .............................................. Very effective................................................. Somewhat effective ........................................

38% 13% 25%

Unsure ............................................................

42%


17% 10% 7%


2%

Allowing parents more choice in where to send their children through school vouchers and more access to charter schools. NET: Effective .............................................. Very effective................................................. Somewhat effective ........................................

45% 14% 31%

Unsure ............................................................

37%


17% 10% 7%


2%


127.

128.

Page 47 of 56

Reducing workplace discrimination based on gender and race. NET: Effective .............................................. Very effective................................................. Somewhat effective ........................................

46% 18% 28%

Unsure ............................................................

34%


18% 11% 7%


2%

Which of the following statements comes closer to your point of view? The United State should take the lead in solving international crises and conflicts ......

25%

The United States should let other countries and the United Nations take the lead in solving international crises and conflicts ......

74%


2%

How would you rate your personal financial situation these days? Very good ...................................................... Fairly good .................................................... Fairly bad ...................................................... Very bad ......................................................... Decline to answer ..........................................

9% 54% 27% 8% 1%


Page 48 of 56

In general, when I am my parent’s age, I believe that I will be…? Better off financially than they are now ........ About the same as they are now .................... Worse off financially than they are now ........ Not sure .......................................................... Decline to answer ..........................................

41% 28% 15% 15% 1%

[If currently enrolled in a 4-year college in Q1, ask 130] 130.

Based on the current state of the economy, how easy or difficult do you think it will be for students in your class to find a permanent job after graduation?

Very easy ...................................................... Somewhat easy .............................................. Somewhat difficult ........................................ Very difficult .................................................. Refused .........................................................

131.

If you were asked to use one of these commonly used names for the social classes, which would you say you belong in? Upper class ..................................................... Upper-middle class ....................................... Middle class ................................................... Lower-middle class ........................................ Lower class ....................................................

132.

2% 13% 47% 28% 10%

Among your closest friends, how many of them are of a different race? All of them ..................................................... Most of them ................................................. Some of them ................................................. None of them..................................................

133.

(n=626) 6% 21% 59% 14% *

6% 13% 57% 23%

Among your closest friends, how many of them are of a different sexual orientation? All of them ..................................................... Most of them ................................................. Some of them ................................................. None of them..................................................

1% 6% 46% 45%


Do you have health insurance? Yes, my employer provides it ........................ Yes, I am under 26 and covered by my parents’ plan .......................... Yes, I have an individual plan or plan for my family ..................................... No, I am not enrolled in health insurance ...... Decline to answer ...........................................

135.

Page 49 of 56

27% 35% 18% 20% *

Which one of these best describes your religious preference? Catholic .......................................................... Protestant........................................................ Fundamentalist/Evangelical Christian ........... LDS/Mormon ................................................. Jewish............................................................. Muslim ........................................................... No religious preference .................................. Another religion ............................................. Decline to answer ........................................... Not sure ..........................................................

20% 14% 12% 2% 2% 1% 25% 10% 9% 4%

[If NOT “No Religious Preference” in 135, ask Q136] 136.

How important is religion in your own life? (n=2,004) Very important .............................................. 44% Somewhat important ...................................... 35% Not very important ........................................ 17% Not sure .......................................................... 4%


Page 50 of 56

[If “Catholic, Fundamentalist/Evangelical, LDS/Mormon, Protestant, or another religion, or not sure” in Q=135 ask Q137] 137.

Do you consider yourself a born-again Christian? (n=1,906) Yes ................................................................. 34% No................................................................... 53% Not sure .......................................................... 10% Decline to answer ........................................... 3%

138.

Do you consider yourself to be: Heterosexual or straight ................................. Gay or lesbian ................................................ Bisexual.......................................................... Other, please specify ...................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

139.

89% 3% 4% 1% 3%

Switching topics, which of these best describes your phone service at this time? Cell phone ...................................................... Landline phone service .................................. VOIP phone service ....................................... None of these .................................................

91% 17% 3% 4%


Page 51 of 56

[If currently enrolled in a college, ask Q140-Q144] 140.

Is your college/university…?

Public ............................................................. Private ............................................................

141.

Is the college/university that you currently attend...?

In an urban or city area .................................. In a suburban area next to a city .................... In small town or rural area .............................

142.

(n=626) 2% 26% 24% 23% 24% 1%

Where do you live while attending college?

In an on-campus dormitory ............................ In fraternity/sorority housing ......................... In a campus-owned apartment ....................... In an apartment/house that is not campus-owned (not with parents) .................. At home, with my parents .............................. Somewhere else ............................................. 144.

(n=626) 48% 25% 26%

How many undergraduate students are enrolled in your college/university? Your best estimate is fine.

Less than 1,000 .............................................. 1,000 - 4,999 .................................................. 5,000 - 9,999 .................................................. 10,000 - 19,999 .............................................. 20,000 or more ............................................... Decline to answer ...........................................

143.

(n=626) 71% 29%

(n=626) 21% 2% 9% 36% 28% 4%

Are you a…?

Full-time student ............................................ Part-time student ............................................ Decline to answer ...........................................

(n=626) 90% 10% *


What is your gender? Male ............................................................... Female ............................................................

146.

48% 52%

What is your race and ethnicity? White, Non-Hispanic ..................................... Black, Non-Hispanic ...................................... Hispanic ......................................................... Other, Non-Hispanic ...................................... Two or more races, Non-Hispanic .................

147.

Page 52 of 56

59% 13% 19% 7% 2%

What is your current education level? Less than high school ..................................... High school .................................................... Some college .................................................. Bachelor or higher..........................................

12% 26% 40% 22%


What is your income? Less than $5,000 ............................................ $5,000 - $7,499 ............................................. $7,500 - $9,999 ............................................. $10,000 - $12,499 ......................................... $12,500 - $14,999 ......................................... $15,000 - $19,999 ......................................... $20,000 - $24,999 ......................................... $25,000 - $29,999 ......................................... $30,000 - $34,999 ......................................... $35,000 - $39,999 ......................................... $40,000 - $49,999 ......................................... $50,000 - $59,999 ......................................... $60,000 - $74,999 ......................................... $75,000 - $84,999 ......................................... $85,000 - $99,999 ......................................... $100,000 - $124,999 ..................................... $125,000 - $149,000 ..................................... $150,000 - $174,999 ..................................... $175,000 or more ..........................................

149.

Page 53 of 56

4% 2% 2% 2% 3% 2% 5% 5% 5% 6% 8% 10% 9% 8% 8% 10% 4% 2% 5%

Are you now married, widowed, divorced, separated, never married, or living with a partner? Married ........................................................... Widowed ........................................................ Divorced ......................................................... Separated ........................................................ Never married ................................................ Living with partner ........................................

18% * 1% 1% 69% 11%


Age: 18.................................................................... 19.................................................................... 20.................................................................... 21.................................................................... 22.................................................................... 23.................................................................... 24.................................................................... 25.................................................................... 26.................................................................... 27.................................................................... 28.................................................................... 29....................................................................

151.

8% 7% 7% 9% 9% 8% 9% 7% 8% 8% 10% 10%

Are you the head of your household? Yes ................................................................ No ..................................................................

152.

Page 54 of 56

42% 58%

Including yourself, how many people currently live in your household at least 50% of the time? Please remember to include babies, or small children, include unrelated individuals (such as roommates), and also include those now away traveling or in a hospital. 1 ..................................................................... 2 ..................................................................... 3 ..................................................................... 4 ..................................................................... 5 ..................................................................... 6 ..................................................................... 7 ..................................................................... 8 ..................................................................... 9 ..................................................................... 10+ ................................................................

9% 23% 26% 21% 13% 4% 2% 1% * 1%


How many members are there in each age group in your household? (Average number) 0 – 12 months old .......................................... 2 – 5 years old ............................................... 6 – 12 years old ............................................. 13 – 17 years old ........................................... 18 years or older ............................................

154.

155.

NET: Working.............................................. As a paid employee ....................................... Self-employed ...............................................

59% 55% 3%

NET: Not Working ...................................... On temporary layoff from a job ..................... Looking for work .......................................... Disabled ........................................................ Other .............................................................

41% 1% 21% 1% 18%

Are your living quarters…?

61% 35% 4%

Which best describes the building where you live?

A one-family house detached from any other house ..................................................... A one-family house attached to one or more houses .................................................. A building with two or more apartments ....... A mobile home .............................................. Boat, RV, van, etc. ........................................

157.

0.10 0.16 0.18 0.26 2.69

Which statement best describes your current employment status?

Owned or being bought by you or someone in your household .......................... Rented for cash ............................................. Occupied without payment of cash rent ........

156.

Page 55 of 56

65% 9% 22% 4% *

Do you have Internet access in your home? Yes ................................................................. No...................................................................

96% 4%


What region do you live in? Northeast ....................................................... Midwest ......................................................... South ............................................................. West ..............................................................

159.

15% 85%

What region do you live in? (Based on state of residence) New England ................................................. Mid-Atlantic .................................................. East-North Central ........................................ West-North Central ........................................ South Atlantic ............................................... East-South Central ........................................ West-South Central ....................................... Mountain ....................................................... Pacific ...........................................................

1A

18% 22% 37% 24%

Do you live in a metro or non-metro area? Non-metro (rural) ........................................... Metro ..............................................................

160.

Page 56 of 56

5% 13% 14% 8% 20% 6% 10% 6% 18%

complete Field Report from GfK (Knowledge Networks) is available upon request. Included in the report are details on cooperation rates, KN methodology, survey administration, survey sampling and sample weighting.