Technology Roadmap Energy Efficient Building Envelopes

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coatings and films can curtail energy consumption for cooling. In cold climates ... share of advanced building envelope
IEA

Roadmap targets Key findings

2013 2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

2050

Building envelope roadmap targets Heating and cooling savings from energy efficient building envelopes

uu Building envelope plays a key role in determining how

CO2 emission savings for heat and cooling (equipment and envelope)

Key actions for the next ten years

7

1 600

6

1 400

much energy is required to heat and cool a building, and levels of comfort, natural lighting and ventilation.

uu The construction of new buildings offers the best

and cooling.

4 800 3

Mt CO2

materials to minimise energy required for heating

1 000

Exajoules

designs, which make use of energy-efficient building

establishing goals for the energy efficiency of building envelopes, when new buildings are constructed and during deep renovation. Progress should be tracked, reported and integrated with national energy policy plans.

1 200

5

opportunity to deploy passive heating and cooling

uu Policy makers need to take responsibility for

uu National and local government authorities should

600

uu In hot climates, low-cost solutions such as reflective roofs

2

and walls, exterior shades, and low-emissivity window coatings and films can curtail energy consumption for

400

1

200

cooling. In cold climates, passive heating contributions can be increased by optimising building design and using

0

advanced window and glazing systems.

2020

2030 EU28

uu Transforming typical building renovation to make way for deep reductions in energy consumption – known as deep renovation – should be a high priority. It should be carried out at the same time as a doubling of normal building refurbishment to 2% per year, especially in continental

New construction policy actions

Other OECD

2020

China

2030 Russia

Africa and Middle East

0 2050

2040 Other developing Asia

Other non-OECD 0

Development and implementation of building codes striving toward zero-energy buildings (ZEB) in mature economies

uu Accelerate deployment of proven technologies such as insulation, air sealing, low-emissivity (low-e) windows, exterior shading or other attachments, through innovative financing mechanisms such as utilitie programmes, revolving funds and energy performance contracts. Support is needed for market development of efficient building materials and systems.

Development of building codes with high compliancy and supporting infrastructure in emerging markets

current building stock will still be standing in 2050.

Introduction and market support of advanced products (e.g. advanced facades, highly insulating windows, high performance insulation)

uu It is vital to increase global collaboration on developing

Tracking of progress on efficient envelopes and technologies (mandatory double glaze low e windows, validated air sealing, insulation and cool roofs in hot climates)

more affordable zero-energy buildings, especially in move niche products into the mainstream, including in

Canada and United States

2050

Actions and milestones

northern hemisphere countries, where 75% to 90% of

cold climates. Market development is needed to help

2040

Deep renovation policy actions

developing markets, through economies of scale and

Pursue deep renovation as standard practice during normal refurbishment, establish incentives for high performance (savings ≥ 50%, 80% target)

uu Building energy codes should require that roof/

Develop business case for buildings not planned for refurbishment with private market

more cost-efficient production processes.

attic insulation that meets the latest standards – including proper air and duct sealing if applicable – is installed when roofs are replaced. This can be done quickly and typically offers a major opportunity for whole-building energy savings, reaching 10% to 15% in cold climates.

Once deep renovation is well established, ramp up rate to at least 2% per year, and eventually 3% per year where possible

uu Research and development (R&D) on the following technologies will lead to greater returns on investment:

Conduct case studies and abatement assessements to consider early deep renovation (prior to full utilisation)

zz highly insulated windows zz advanced, high-performance, “thin” insulation zz less labour-intensive air sealing, and lower-cost

New technology development and policy actions

Sponsor competitive R&D to pursure high priority technologies, conduct case studies, demonstrate systems level benefits from component contributions

uu To improve the sophistication of the construction

Develop market viable advanced insulation with high performance and lower cost (λ < 0.15 W/mK)

validation testing

zz lower-cost automated dynamic shading and glazings

industry, it is vital to put in place plans to develop the knowledge and skills of installers, designers and inspectors.

Improve market viability of validated air sealing through R&D, especially for developing markets

© OECD/IEA, 2013

zz more durable and lower-cost reflective roof materials Develop highly insulating windows ( U value ≤ 1.1 W/m2K cold climate mandatory, and ≤ 0.6 W/m2K for ZEB)

and reflective coatings.

uu Benchmarks should be established for the energy

uu The economic, comfort and health benefits

Develop affordable dynamic solar control and integrated advanced facades increasing daylight and passive heating

consumption of multiple building types, and the market Encourage development of high reflective long lasting cool materials and coatings with lower cost premiums

share of advanced building envelope technologies and

Government NGO’s

products should be tracked. Building integrated policy actions

urgently establish and enforce stringent energy codes for new buildings that identify affordable technological solutions, particularly in urban areas of developing countries with tropical or arid climates. Such codes, whenever possible, should be performance-based with minimum technical/prescriptive criteria for components and adapted to local conditions and market barriers. It is essential to develop and harmonise testing, ratings and certification of building materials, and to improve the knowledge base.

Establish integrated building policies for new construction and deep renovation that promote and foster more affordable advanced building envelope materials and technologies, including wall, roof and foundation systems

Industry

of low energy buildings need to be better communicated to the public and financial communities. Governments should implement public information campaigns and programmes to accelerate adoption rates.

Technology

Market maturity/ saturation

RO

An assessment of market saturation for high-priority building envelope components

Market perspectives

Performance goals

Cost targets

Typical insulation (widely available, thermal conductivity of > 0.02 W/mK)

Highly competitive market with uniform performance metrics in all regions for existing stock and new construction.

Average U-value walls and roof, cold climate ≤ 0.15 W/m2K; hot climate ≤ 0.35 W/m2K.

LCC neutral or lower at moderate energy prices.

Advanced insulation (e.g. aerogel, VIPs)

Used for very high performance buildings in cold climates and space constrained applications.

Thermal conductivity of ≤ 0.015 W/mk.

Material cost less 50%, installed cost competitive with typical insulation.

ASEAN1

Brazil

China

EU

India

Japan/ Korea

Mexico

Middle East

Australia/ New Zealand

Russia

South Africa

MAP INSIG D H A

TS

Cost and performance goals for building envelope technologies, 2020 through 2030

United States/ Canada

Energy Efficient Building Envelopes

Double-glazed low-e glass

Regional energy consumption for heating and cooling in 2010, 2030 and 2050 (Exajoules)

Window films

EU28

Air sealing

Widely applied to over 95% of world structures with heating and cooling loads.

Retrofit ≤ 3.0 ACH or 50% reduction; New ≤ 0.5 ACH with mechanical ventilation.

Validation testing reduced by 30% to 60%; 50% lower ACH in existing buildings reduced from USD 24/m2 to ≤ USD 10/m2.

14

Window attachments (e.g. shutters, shades, storm panel)

Heating

12

Cooling

Reflective surfaces

Applied to new roofing materials and after market coatings for hot climates and dense urban areas.

Long lasting SR of ≥ 0.75 for white surfaces, and SR ≥ 0.40 for coloured surfaces.

Additional installed price premiums ≤ USD 10/m2.

Highly insulating windows (e.g. triple-glazed)

Windows (double low-e, low conductive frames)

Minimum for global market.

Whole window performance, U-value ≤ 1.8 W/m2K (low-e).

Needed for cold climates for all buildings, and mixed climates for residential.

U-value ≤ 1.1 W/m2K.

12

4

10

0

2

8

0

6

10

2010 2030 2050 2030 2050 6DS 2DS

8 2010 2030 2050 2030 2050 6DS 2DS

6

4

Exterior insulation Highly insulating windows (e.g. triple-glazed, low-e, and low conductive frames)

14 2.5

6

12

Typical insulation

China

5

8

14

Price premiums from single-glazed (≤ USD 40/‌m2), from double clear (≤ USD 5/m2).

Russia

10

Canada and United States

4

2

Price premiums from double low-e (≤ USD 40/‌m2).

0

2 0

2010 2030 2050 2030 2050 6DS 2DS

Advanced insulation (e.g. aerogel, VIPs)

Energy plus windows in cold climates (highly insulating and dynamic solar)

Dynamic solar control for most service buildings that have glass to optimise daylight; and highly insulating and dynamic solar control for mixed and cold climates residential.

Middle East and Africa

Whole window performance, highly insulating U-value ≤ 0.6 W/‌m2K and variable SHGC 0.08-0.65.

Highly insulating dynamic SHGC price premium from double low-e (≤ USD 120/‌m2).

Priority for existing windows but also for alternative option to dynamic glass.

Ability to reduce solar heat gain almost to zero, but preferred options would have daylight features (e.g. SHGC 0.05 to 0.5) to prevent increased lighting energy.

USD 70/m (not including control systems that can be expensive if not used for other building systems). 2

Other developing Asia

5

Air sealing

5

2.5 0

Window attachments (automatic solar control, e.g. exterior solar shades and blinds)

2010 2030 2050 2030 2050 6DS 2DS

2.5 2010 2030 2050 2030 2050 6DS 2DS

0

Cool roofs

2010 2030 2050 2030 2050 6DS 2DS

BIPV/ advanced roofs Window attachments (highly insulating, e.g. cellular shades, low-e films)

Predominately retrofit market but also applicable to new zero energy buildings.

Installed with existing windows, total performance, U-values ≤ 1.1 W/m2K.

Other non-OECD

Note: VIP = vacuum-insulated panel. This table is based on IEA analysis, with data taken predominantly from envelope roadmap workshop presentations. Targets have not been vetted by all regions and will vary considerably. These targets are provided as a reference or starting points so regions and countries can develop implementation plans tailored to local markets, climates and conditions.

© OECD/IEA, 2013

Other OECD

USD 40/m2. Note:

: mature market

: established market

: initial market

Blank cells indicate that there is currently not any market presence or it is so low that it is not known to domestic experts. Some technologies may not be recommended for all climates, such as cool roofs in Russia or highly insulated windows in hot climates. Typical insulation refers to widely available products such as fibreglass and various foams with thermal conductivities higher than 0.02 watts per meter Kelvin (W/mK). VIP: vacuum insulated panel. See Annex A and Glossary for more detailed descriptions. 1. Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

5

5

2.5

2.5

0

2010 2030 2050 2030 2050 6DS 2DS

0

2010 2030 2050 2030 2050 6DS 2DS This map is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area.

Global energy use in the buildings sector in 2011 (%) 19% Canada and United State

16% EU28

9% Other OECD

1 002

China

5%

16% Russia

14% Middle East and Africa

15% Other developing Asia

7% Other non-OECD