A Network of Excellence of the European Commission's ..... The key objectives and tools of each ideal-type are presented
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe
The political economy of active labour market policy Giuliano Bonoli
Reconciling Work and Welfare in Europe A Network of Excellence of the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme
Giuliano Bonoli The political economy of active labour market policy. REC-WP 01/2010 Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe RECWOWE Publication, Dissemination and Dialogue Centre, Edinburgh
© 2010 by the author(s)
The Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe series seeks to promote the diffusion of research and research integration activities taking place within the network and being produced by other researchers working on issues of work and welfare in Europe. Working papers are published either within the framework of a series of closed calls, which follow the different stages in the life-cycle of the network’s activities, or as part of an open call, which aims to privilege both research focussed on cross-national comparative analysis of the various tensions between work and welfare and research focussed on the role of the European level in addressing these tensions. All papers are peer-reviewed.
The Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe are published online by the Publication, Dissemination and Dialogue Centre (PUDIAC) of RECWOWE. They can be downloaded at http://www.socialpolicy.ed.ac.uk/recwowepudiac/working_papers/
RECWOWE / PUDIAC on the internet: http://www.socialpolicy.ed.ac.uk/recwowepudiac
About the author !" & $ $
' $ #
#
$
% $ # (
)
$
!
)
!
# )!
)#
$
Abstract $
)
$
* ' , +
$
$
!
+
$
#-
$
(
$
#
$
,
!
". #
".
! ". /
!
! ".
,
$ $
$ !
# -
,
#$
)
(
,
! $ # ". #
!
! #
Keywords $
)
! ". !
!
6
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe
Introduction1 $ # *$
)
)
*
! $
". !
0
!
$
) $ * ' $ $
1
2 -
#
$ 3
$
$
$
#
* '
!
$ #< # % ,
4#>= ! $
#
". 8779! )# ". $ )
#*
!
33 2
".
$ ) 45?7 !
! $ +
#! 8776 # *
!
!
$
! ". !
$ ) ! ". !
! ! 8774!
! 4557!
! ! 8778 # @
)
8779 7#; ! $ 7#8 $
#
+ ". !
$
4567 7#:
!
+ =
#
!
A )
B
! 877; #
2 )
$
$
* '
# #@
) ! $
$
".
!
, #
".
$ (
#! )
$ $
". !
#* !
". #
!
! 45?7 $
# !
! 2
,!
!
Bonoli: The political economy of active labour market policy
7
The determinants of active labour market policy Political explanations
-
$
!
$
$ $ $
)
".
#
+
A
0
1
". 1
0 # -
$ $
)
!
, 4557/ 4>;+4>6C $ $ ! # $
2 ) $
+ 8774/ 46: #-
$ ! 8776
#! 8776! $ $
!
$
" ". # 1
0 '
! (
# 8776/ 4;+6 # ". !
$ B ". # @
$ $
" ,$
!
! #
". A
! #B
$ !
# )
!
!
*
, )
! , !
$
) !
/
!
/ #
#
#%
! !
) B
! 877; #
-
$
)
# B
!
+
!
!
)
+
# @ ,
".
! )! !
# (
#
! /
)
8
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe
! "#
$%%&' &()
-
B
A
!
". -
"
$
$
D
$
!
# 58 # !
".
$ 2
$
# -
$ + ( $ ". ! $
)
D
$
)
$
! #
$
) (
( & 3 ) + +
$
2
! 456? # )
$
#
! 8778 # -
!
!
$ ".
+ D
".
#
)
$
$
!
$
33
+ #
!
!
4559 # ' , F
#
$
# $
$
)
$
,
#
!
8778!
$ )
)! @ % '
)
4557
$
D ! 877; # -
$
D 3! 8779 # !
% G %& %&!
! 4557 # * * '
$ $
! 877;!
$
$ %! ! 877: #
$ ! 8774! H + ) "
3+
+&
! 877?! ! 877> #
+
10
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe
Types of active labour market policy $
)
! $
(
$
$
)
)
45?7 !
$
,
$ $
! ! 8778 # $
! )
, !
, $
$ ! 0
#
$
1
&
$
0
$ 1 ) $ ! +
)
! )! 8774 #
! 455?!
$ $
! $
!
!
) ! 8774!
! 877:! '
! 8777! '
! 877? #
$ $
)
$
$
$
$
# -
0
/
!
$ 1
0
$ 1 $
#* $
)
! 4555 $ ) !
! $
)
! $ 0
$ 1
% # + 0 $ 1 0
! $ $
$ ! $ 1! , $ $
+
$ 1
! 877: #
$
1! 0
! )
$
D
+.
! ! 877:!
'
! 877: # $
$ +
$ '
0
! ,
"
) -
$
,
) $ ! ) !
#
$ $
(
# $
#-
/
$ !
$
! (
'
,
#
! ! )
!
! 877? / ?> #
!
$ ". ! / $
". # ! )
+ + !
)
, !
!
Bonoli: The political economy of active labour market policy
$
#-
)
(
11
$
+
4#
Type
Objective
Tools
Incentive reinforcement
Strengthen positive and negative work incentives for people on benefit
- Tax credits, in work benefits - time limits on recipiency - benefit reductions - benefit conditionality - sanctions
Employment assistance
Remove obstacle to employment and facilitate (re-)entry into the labour market
- placement services - job subsidies - counselling - job search programmes
Occupation
Keep jobless people occupied; limit human capital depletion during unemployment.
- job creation schemes in the public sector - non employment-related training programmes
Human capital investment
Improve the chances of finding employment by upskilling jobless people
- basic education - vocational training
@
$
-
". ! $ ,
) $
!
) $
! #$
(
$
$
!
#
)+ ) #
#@
!
$
$
,
) -
!
1! )
$ # ) # ' $
$
( #
7 ! $ #
)
(
$ # #@
". + $
,
!
)
+4557 ! ) $
45;9+
!
,!
) ) +
# #
#
$ !
) 2
". (
!
/ ".
#
# ! #
, ! 8777/ :74C
G
$
!
2 )
$ !
! 8778/ 8;? # *
!
,
/
, / "
#
0
!) 1 +
/
. 2 ! "$%%$ ' 33) -
B
+.
2 #
$ !
#
$
! #-
)
) !
!
$
16
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe
! # 45?7 0 # , ) )
45>7 1! D
# #
$
! +
!
) $ $ !
$ 45??# #-
2
(
! +( #
)
! ,
! )
4556/ 476 #
. $
@ $
#
45>9!
) $
+
# !
$ %D
'#
!
@
!
!
(
$
$ ! 455;! # -
(
0
$ 1
$
! 8778 # -
$ /
$
)
,
A
#-
A! $
(
$
'
*
!
!
45>5
/# -
4 $
# - ' %+ 45>>+45>5 ! #$ ) $ $
! 877? 4;>+5#
0
$ !
1
A
'
! )
)
45>>+>; @ !
' %
!
# $
8777 #
/ 2
5 6 1
5
!"
3789' 3()
Bonoli: The political economy of active labour market policy
17
-
45>>! # ( @
!
!
$ ) :
) "
$ !
) #;
! !
!
$ @ ! 455> #
@
( !
+
! $
!
$
-
! 877: / 8:4 #
'
! $
)
#*
!
$ !
$ #-
$
,
! $ # -
$
$ # (
, $
$
$
#-
) /
!
@
!
$
'
# -
$
!
,
#
Facing the employment crisis: ALMPs in the context of mass unemployment
) ) $
,
)
45;9+;?
2
#
!
/
#-
)
!
,
)
$ # ". !
)
!
!
+
$
(
$ $ !
!
)
) !
) #-
".
$
$
! # 45;7 $ 4567
+45;7 -
#
, $ ". #
! !
! $
# )
2
$ )
-
)
( +
$ ". !
.(
! ". ! 456; / :97 #
18
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe
,
(
# < $
".
E#
! 45;7 # * (
! $
) ) # #
# -
!
4: $
,
$
) )
+
#
!
D)
877>/ 9>7 # . + $ #! 8774 # $ ! $ 45;: ! ! 8775 # -
'
) #
0
".
+
$
". !
!
(
$ / # #(
$
$
".
1
$ # $
45;7 ! $
'
#
5# $ (
$
) !
$
)
)
!
! $ # ". ! $
$
+
+
!
$
,
$ >:6!777 45;?! @
) #-
&
) $
02
!
$ 1 4568 ???!777
#
! $ ! 8777 / 868# @ , ! ". 4!>77 45;7 ?:?!777 4568! +& #! 8776 :9 #
. $ $ ! 455> / 4;;C
@
$
' 4568! , $
456;! 4#:
@
". ) @
! 455>!
#! 8776 :9 # . 47= $ #-
$ !
) '
877?!
4= :#?# #
, +& !
(
.# , * ' 7#;=
+
# #
#
"
+ $
#
4565!
' B. ! #
+
$ $
4556 # -
0
$ 1
Bonoli: The political economy of active labour market policy
21
,
8?#
!
)
-
#
4556
$
@
# )
) $
$
#.
,+ 8?
46 #
!
2 0"
!
$
, !
8776/ 8:4+9 # " ) $ ,( !
?7= $
1! &$
$ +
!
#-
) !
! 8779 # * $
# %
$
'
$ $
$ )
. ) $
$
! %& ! ! 4565! & ! 455? #
)
455>! )
-
< #'
!
$ +4557 # $ 4556 ' 2 ! 877?
$ # ! ! 877?! ' $
, ! 877? # %&A ".
4557
$
2
# < ) 477
)
# 8774/ 844 # +
-
#-
#@
)
#
+
!
!
1
) #-
+4557
2 47=
'
$
$ $
( 8774
0
!
) (
$
". ! #
$
$ ! 8778! -
$ ! 877: #
$ $
! $ ' +
J
! 877? # * 2 $
22
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe
8774# $
$ ,/
( !
-
'
! #
J $
) G )
3! 0 #
)
)
# #
$
$
! !
1!
$ !
$
$
$
!
-
!
!
!
G 8776 #
(
$ !
$ 2 $
! 877?/ ;8 #
@ $
!
3 !
)
$ $
8776! $ ! ". $ #! 8776 ! * ' ! 877> # -
#'
,
+ $
+ $ ".
+ $ $
! $
( ! 877? #
$
$
# )"
$
$
$
8777 !
$ !
#
Bonoli: The political economy of active labour market policy
25
References
' ) % *,
!
! 877; #>
$ ,
! L !
! .# #
# L . ) 45;5I66# D ! *, % $
! J#+'# 877: ! ,
$
!
,
? /
# 2
# < ) MN
#M
# D " , +.
! J# '# L @ $ +' 2 > :9;+:>7#
3
+,-.
! J# 4565 ! #L< ) ! #
#
! J#+'# L " #,
! 4: 57?+598#
# 877: 2
#
! J#+'# 8774 < $ # !' $
)
'
#
! J#! &
! !
/# L JO " #
! :8:+:9>#
!
#
#
/-
! G# 877: ' 3
# 877; -
'
@
#
#,
! #-
$
) :7
:5?+?87# ! # !
# L B "
! # 455; B # DB ! .# # ! !@ )' #
#LB / ,
>
! @# +
# L
'
! "#! @
/ ,
@ ?
:
-
$
* ' ,
$ #
# !
- ) #> 2 ! #L
)E " 48:# ' '
! J# 8777 .
$ ! . 4557 # ? ,
'
! J# 877? # *, ! *,
, % $
M
M
M 46 856+988#
P ! .# 8774 , # * ?
$ ,
/ 89 65+448# *
#
+ ) #
6? >4+
% @
A
26
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe
'
!
# 877?
0 B
!
-
,
@
A
!
% $
#
! '# L D 3! E 02 #
$
' @
! #!
N M% $
! N
# 8779 *.' +
$ + # , #
C '
C-
# L D Q ! # 8779 D , . #
! # '
$J
! .
! J# 8779 I # ! #L *
87#
%
EI
) @
$
< ,
#>
/ .
$ 89 ?5+66#
,
! # 8774 . ' !! J# $
% $ # 8776 ,# >
? '
# $ ,
46 ?+
Bonoli: The political economy of active labour market policy
$
! -# L
& 3 ' $ B '
! J# 8776 #-
!
# !
456?
D
# L
)
% $
& @
!
"
3+
!
27
! :4 >77+>9;#
* 3
! -#
# :
/ ! # #! !
# D $ I '
:
#
# 455? *
G2 !% $
'
:
'
#
! .# 877> -
/ #>
49
,
:64+:55# .
! # L ! G# #
! # 8777 # ?
/
(
# D *, ! *,
! @# #
.( +
!
# 8774 < $
/ #
! "# 456; D / :4 :79+:?>#
* ' ,
877> +
* '
877; 87;+8:4# !
# 8778 * 37(J
! # 877? 4557 # D
!
$ $
*
#
< !
< % $
)! 7+4;>#
E +& /:8;+::6#
4567 # I
/
*, ) "
* ' #
877> :;+48>#
! J# 877? I = % $ #
'
$ ,
45;7
)! J# 8774 ?
B
) )
! .# L @
)
! -# 877; )
! #
M
:4
28
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe
+& -
! .#! G -
'
!
#
$
8778
!
#
? E
+ E
-
)
*,
! # 877: D ) ? G *, ! *,
! J# 4555 < ) , ! J# L #
E )
'2 !'
'
' 2 ! *,
#
% $
#
# D#
% $
! G# 877: D B ) + + ! # # E
>
! .# 8776 *
D
# 8778 @
! 877: H >
@
H "
)! # L B .
+
! # *
% $
:
# D
*,
! *,
E D % $
#
/B
#
5 ?+86#
! # 877? 2
+
#
-0
!
Recent titles in this series download at http://www.socialpolicy.ed.ac.uk/recwowepudiac/working_papers/
Working Papers 2009 14/09
C. Rodriguez d’Acri, Alison Johnston, Andreas Kornelakis
The Role of Social Partners in Bargaining over Nonwage Issues across Austria, Greece and Italy
13/09
Denis Bouget
Trends of Social Welfare Systems: From Convergence to Attractiveness
12/09
Markus Tepe
Public administration employment in 17 OECD nations from 1995 to 2005
11/09
Trudie Knijn, Arnoud Smit
The Relationship between Family and Work
10/09
Fabio Bertozzi, Giuliano Bonoli
Measuring Flexicurity at the Macro Level
09/09
Silja Häusermann, Hanna Schwander
Identifying outsiders across countries
08/09
María C. González
Workers’ Involvement at the workplace and Job Quality in Europe
07/09
Rodolfo Gutiérrez, Ana Guillén, Ramón Peña-Casas
Earnings inequality and in-work-poverty
06/09
Ramón Peña-Casas
More and Better Jobs
05/09
Svenn-Åge Dahl, Torstein Nesheim, Karen M. Olsen
Quality of Work - concept and measurement
04/09
Laura den Dulk, Bram Peper
Managing work-life policies in the European workplace
Working Papers on the Reconciliation of Work and Welfare in Europe