Aug 8, 2012 - livelihoods of 12% of the world's population depend directly or ... Following a drop in 2009, world trade
8 August 2012
THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE (SOFIA) 2012 Issued July 2012 (equivalent figures from 2010 report in red) Headline news Fish Consumption Reaches All-time High Again. The sector produced a record 128 million tonnes (mt) of fish for human food - an average of 18.4 kg per person (17 kg per person) providing more than 4.3 billion (3 billion) people with about 15% (15%) of their animal protein intake. Livelihood. Fisheries and aquaculture are a source of income for 55 million people. The livelihoods of 12% of the world's population depend directly or indirectly on them. Fisheries and aquaculture give an important contribution to food security and nutrition. They are the primary source of protein for 17% of the world's population and nearly a quarter in low-income fooddeficit countries. Status of global fish stocks – slight decrease in number of overexploited stocks. FAO is urging governments to make every effort to ensure sustainable fisheries around the world. The report notes that many of the marine fish stocks monitored by FAO remain under great pressure. Almost 30% of these fish stocks are overexploited - a slight decrease from the previous two years (32% overexploited, depleted or recovering), about 57% are fully exploited (i.e. at or very close to their maximum sustainable production), and only about 13% are non-fully exploited (3% underexploited, 12% moderately exploited). Importance of the sector. Capture fisheries and aquaculture supplied the world with about 148 mt of fish in 2010 valued at US$ 217.5 billion. Production growth from aquaculture keeps outpacing population growth, and it is one of the fastest-growing animal food-producing sectors - trends that are set to continue. Fish and fishery products are among the most-traded food commodities worldwide. Following a drop in 2009, world trade in fish and fishery products has resumed its upward trend driven by sustained demand, trade liberalization policies, globalization of food systems and technological innovations. Global trade reached a record US$ 109 billion in 2010 (US$ 102 billion in 2008) and 2011 points to another high estimated at US$125 billion. Increase resilience, strengthen the sector. The report notes that the coming decades are likely to see major changes in economies, markets, resources and social conduct, where climate change impacts will increase uncertainty in many food sectors, including fisheries. It stresses the importance of the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, and its associated international plans of action and technical guidelines, to achieving the goal of a global sustainable food production system. Atlantic cod catches. Have increased by almost 200,000 tonnes in the last two years. In 2010, the whole group of gadiform species (cods, hakes, haddocks, etc.) reversed the negative trend of the previous three years in which it had declined by 2 million tonnes. Preliminary data for this group also report growing catches for 2011.
Summary of SOFIA report 2012 Key themes (taken verbatim from SOFIA 2012 report – with equivalent figures from 2010 report in red): Fish utilisation messages/facts • Overall global capture fisheries production continues to remain stable at about 90 mt (89.5) although there have been some marked changes in catch trends by country, fishing area and species. • Capture fisheries and aquaculture supplied the world with about 148 (142) mt of fish in 2010 (90 mt (89.5) capture fisheries, 60 mt (52.5) aquaculture). • Of this 128 mt (115) was utilized as food for people, and preliminary data for 2011 indicate increased production of 154 mt, of which 131 mt was destined as food. • World per capita food fish supply increased from an average of 9.9 kg (live weight equivalent) in the 1960s, 11.5 kg in the 1970s, 12.6 kg in the 1980s, 14.4 kg in the 1990s, 17.0 kg in the 2000s to 18.4 kg in 2009. Preliminary estimates for 2010 point to a further increase in fish consumption to 18.6 kg (17 kg). Notwithstanding the strong increase in the availability of fish to most consumers, the growth in fish consumption differs considerably among countries and within countries and regions in terms of quantity and variety consumed per head. • Fish and fishery products represent a very valuable source of protein and essential micronutrients for balanced nutrition and good health. In 2009, fish accounted for 16.6 percent of the world population’s intake of animal protein and 6.5 percent of all protein consumed. Globally, fish provides about 3.0 billion (1.5) people with almost 20% of their intake of animal protein, and 4.3 billion (3.0) people with about 15% of such protein. • Fisheries and aquaculture provided livelihoods and income for an estimated 54.8 (44.9) million people engaged in the primary sector of fish production in 2010, of whom an estimated 7 million were occasional fishers and fish farmers. About 16.6 million people (about 30% of the world total) were engaged in fish farming (Asia 97%). Employment in the fisheries and aquaculture primary sector has continued to grow faster than employment in agriculture, so that by 2010 it represented 4.2% of the 1.3 billion people economically active in the broad agriculture sector worldwide, compared with 2.7% in 1990. In the last five years, the number of people engaged in fish farming has increased by 5.5% per year compared with only 0.8% per year for those in capture fisheries. • Apart from the primary production sector, fisheries and aquaculture provide numerous jobs in ancillary activities such as processing, packaging, marketing and distribution, manufacturing of fish-processing equipment, net and gear making, ice production and supply, boat construction and maintenance, research and administration. All of this employment, together with dependants, is estimated to support the livelihoods of 660–820 million people, or about 10–12% of the world’s population. • Of total fish production in 2010 86.4% (81%) was used for direct human consumption. Of this (40.5% or 60.2 mt (39.7%) was marketed in live, fresh or chilled forms, 45.9% or 68.1 mt (41.2%) was processed in frozen, cured or otherwise prepared forms for direct human consumption), and 13.6% (19%) destined for non-food uses in 2010. • Since the early 1990s, there has been an increasing trend in the proportion of fisheries production used for direct human consumption rather than for other purposes. Whereas in the 1980s about 68% of the fish produced was destined for human consumption, this share increased to 73% in the 1990s and more than 86% in 2010, equalling 128.3 mt. 2
Summary of SOFIA report 2012 •
In 2010, 20.2 mt tonnes was destined to non-food purposes, of which 75% (15 mt) was reduced to fishmeal and fish oil; the remaining 5.1 mt was largely utilised as fish for ornamental purposes, for culture (fingerlings, fry, etc.), for bait, for pharmaceutical uses as well as for direct feeding in aquaculture, for livestock and for fur animals. • Of the fish destined for direct human consumption, the most important product form was live, fresh or chilled fish, with a share of 46.9% in 2010, followed by frozen fish (29.3%), prepared or preserved fish (14.0%) and cured fish (9.8%). Freezing represents the main method of processing fish for human consumption, and it accounted for 55.2% (49.8%) of total processed fish for human consumption and 25.3% of total fish production in 2010. • The highest percentage of fishmeal is produced by Latin American countries (44% in 2010). In Europe and North America, fish in frozen and canned forms represents more than two-thirds of fish used for human consumption. • Consumers now demand guarantees that their food has been produced, handled and sold in ways that safeguard their health, respect the environment and address various ethical and social concerns. Health and wellbeing are increasingly influencing consumption decisions, and fish has a particular prominence in this respect, following mounting evidence confirming the health benefits of eating fish. This is partly related to an ageing society, but food safety issues as well as obesity and allergic reactions have also raised awareness about the relationship between food and health. In Europe • The European Union is by far the largest single market for imported fish and fishery products owing to its growing domestic consumption. However, it is extremely heterogeneous, with markedly different conditions from country to country. • European Union fishery imports reached US$ 44.6 billion in 2010, up 10% from 2009, and representing 40% of total world imports. However, if intraregional trade is excluded, the European Union imported fish and fishery products worth US$ 23.7 billion from suppliers outside the European Union, an increase of 11% from 2009. This makes the European Union the largest market in the world, with about 26% of world imports (excluding intra-European Union trade). • In 2011, imports rose further to US$ 50.0 billion including intra-European Union trade (US$ 26.5 billion if excluded). The dependence of the European Union on imports for its fish consumption is growing. This is a result of the positive underlying trend in consumption, but also evidences the constraints within the European Union on further expansion of supply. In this respect, the current reform of its Common Fisheries Policy aims to rebuild its fish stocks, as well as boosting its aquaculture production. The results of the reform and the effects on supply and trade will only be felt in the medium-to-long term. • Europe experienced the largest decrease in the number of people engaged in capture fishing, with a 2% average annual decline between 2000 and 2010, and almost no increase in people employed in fish farming. Aquaculture Global aquaculture production has continued to grow in the new millennium, albeit more slowly than in the 1980s and 1990s. In the course of half a century or so, aquaculture has expanded from being almost negligible to fully comparable with capture production in terms of feeding people in the world. Aquaculture has also evolved in terms of technological innovation and adaptation to meet changing requirements……World aquaculture production attained another all-time high in 2010, at 60 mt (excluding aquatic plants and non-food products), with an
3
Summary of SOFIA report 2012 estimated total value of US$ 119 billion…..One-third of the world’s farmed food fish harvested in 2010 was achieved without the use of feed, through the production of bivalves and filter-feeding carps. When farmed aquatic plants and non-food products are included, world aquaculture production in 2010 was 79 mt, worth US$ 125 billion. The global population is increasing and, in order to maintain at least the current level of percapita consumption of aquatic foods, the world will require an additional 23 million tonnes thereof by 2020. This additional supply will have to come from aquaculture. Meeting the future demand for food from aquaculture will largely depend on the availability of quality feeds in the requisite quantities. Although the discussion on the availability and use of aquafeed ingredients often focuses on fishmeal and fish-oil resources (including low-value fish)….the sustainability of the aquaculture sector will probably be closely linked with the sustained supply of terrestrial animal and plant proteins, oils and carbohydrates for aquafeeds. Aquaculture messages/facts • In the last three decades (1980–2010), world food fish production of aquaculture has expanded by almost 12 times, at an average annual rate of 8.8%. Global aquaculture production has continued to grow, albeit more slowly than in the 1980s and 1990s. Aquaculture enjoyed high average annual growth rates of 10.8% and 9.5% in the 1980s and 1990s, respectively, but has since slowed to an annual average of 6.3%. • World aquaculture production attained another all-time high in 2010, at around 60 mt (52.5 mt) (excluding aquatic plants and non-food products), with an estimated total value of US$ 119 billion. When farmed aquatic plants and non-food products are included, world aquaculture production in 2010 was 79 mt, worth US$ 125 billion. About 600 aquatic species are raised in captivity in about 190 countries for production in farming systems of varying input intensities and technological sophistication. These include hatcheries producing seeds for stocking to the wild, particularly in inland waters. • In 2010, global production of farmed food fish (including finfishes, crustaceans, molluscs, amphibians (frogs), aquatic reptiles (except crocodiles) and other aquatic animals (such as sea cucumbers, sea urchins, sea squirts and jellyfishes), was 59.9 mt, up by 7.5% from 55.7 mt in 2009 (52.5 in 2008, 32.4 in 2000). • Freshwater fishes dominate global aquaculture production (56.4%, 33.7 mt), followed by molluscs (23.6%, 14.2 mt), crustaceans (9.6%, 5.7 mt), diadromous fishes (6.0%, 3.6 mt), marine fishes (3.1%, 1.8 mt) and other aquatic animals (1.4%, 814,300 t). • The growth rate in farmed food fish production from 1980 to 2010 far outpaced that for the world population (1.5%), resulting in average annual per capita consumption of farmed fish rising by almost seven times, from 1.1 kg in 1980 to 8.7 kg in 2010, at an average rate of 7.1%. • The total farmgate value of food fish production from aquaculture is estimated at US$ 119.4 billion for 2010. • While feed is generally perceived to be a major constraint to aquaculture development, one-third of all farmed food fish production (20 mt) is currently achieved without artificial feeding, as is the case for bivalves and filter-feeding carps. However, the percentage of non-fed species in world production has declined gradually from more than 50% in 1980 to the present level of 33.3%, reflecting the relatively faster body-growth rates achieved in the culture of fed species and increasing consumer demand for higher trophic-level species of fishes and crustaceans. • In the last five years, the number of people engaged in fish farming has increased by 5.5 percent per year compared with only 0.8 percent per year for those in capture fisheries, although capture fisheries still accounted for 70 percent of the combined total in 2010. 4
Summary of SOFIA report 2012 • •
It is apparent that, in the most important fishing nations, the share of employment in capture fisheries is stagnating or decreasing while aquaculture is providing increased opportunities. Overall, production per person is lower in capture fisheries than in aquaculture, with global outputs of 2.3 and 3.6 t per person per year respectively, reflecting the huge numbers of fishers engaged in small-scale fisheries.
Status of marine fisheries (see table on page 6) The declining global marine catch over the last few years together with the increased percentage of overexploited fish stocks and the decreased proportion of non-fully exploited species around the world convey the strong message that the state of world marine fisheries is worsening and has had a negative impact on fishery production. Overexploitation not only causes negative ecological consequences, but it also reduces fish production, which further leads to negative social and economic consequences. To increase the contribution of marine fisheries to the food security, economies and well-being of the coastal communities, effective management plans must be put in place to rebuild overexploited stocks. The situation seems more critical for some highly migratory, straddling and other fishery resources that are exploited solely or partially in the high seas. • The world’s marine fisheries have experienced different stages, increasing from 16.8 mt in 1950 to a peak of 86.4 mt in 1996, and then declining to stabilize at about 80 mt, with interannual fluctuations. Global recorded production was 77.4 mt in 2010. • The proportion of non-fully exploited stocks has decreased gradually since 1974 when the first FAO assessment was completed. In contrast, the percentage of overexploited stocks has increased, especially in the late 1970s and 1980s, from 10% in 1974 to 26% in 1989. • After 1990, the number of overexploited stocks continued to increase, albeit at a slower rate. Increases in production from these overexploited stocks may be possible if effective rebuilding plans are put in place. • The fraction of fully exploited stocks, which produce catches that are very close to their maximum sustainable production and have no room for further expansion and require effective management to avoid decline, has shown the smallest change over time, with its percentage stable at about 50% from 1974 to 1985, then falling to 43% in 1989 before gradually increasing to 57.4% (53%) in 2009. By definition, the fully exploited stocks produce catches that are at or very close to their maximum sustainable production. Therefore, they have no room for further expansion in catch, and may even be at some risk of decline unless properly managed. • About 29.9% (28%) of stocks are overexploited, producing lower yields than their biological and ecological potential and in need of strict management plans to restore their full and sustainable productivity in accordance with the Johannesburg Plan of Implementation that resulted from the World Summit on Sustainable Development (Johannesburg, 2002), which demands that all overexploited stocks be restored to the level that can produce maximum sustainable yield by 2015, a target that seems unlikely to be met. • The remaining 12.7% (12%) of stocks were non-fully exploited in 2009, and these are under relatively low fishing pressure and have some potential to increase their production although they often do not have a high production potential and require proper management plans to ensure that any increase in the exploitation rate does not result in further overfishing. • Most of the stocks of the top ten species, which account in total for about 30% of world marine capture fisheries production, are fully exploited and, therefore, have no potential 5
Summary of SOFIA report 2012
•
for increases in production, while some stocks are overexploited and increases in their production may be possible if effective rebuilding plans are put in place. The two main stocks of anchoveta in the Southeast Pacific, Alaska pollock in the North Pacific and blue whiting in the Atlantic are fully exploited. Atlantic herring stocks are fully exploited in both the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic. Japanese anchovy in the Northwest Pacific and Chilean jack mackerel in the Southeast Pacific are considered to be overexploited. Chub mackerel stocks are fully exploited in the Eastern Pacific and the Northwest Pacific.
Overview
Under Exploited (UE) Moderately Exploited (ME) Fully Exploited (FE) Overexploited (OE) Depleted (D) Recovering from depletion (R)
2006 report 3
What this means
20
52
17
2008 report* 2
What this means
18
77% of stocks reported FE, OE, D or R.
52
19
2010 report 3
What this means
12
80% of stocks reported FE, OE, D or R.
53
28
2012 report No info
What this means
12.7
85%** of stocks reported FE, OE, D or R.
57.4
29.9
7
8
3
No info
1
1
1
No info
87.3%*** of stocks are reported FE or OE.
* It should be noted that the status of fully exploited is not undesirable provided it is the result of an effective and precautionary management approach. Statement made only in 2008 SOFIA rpt. ** Shows an increasing trend. *** This combined percentage is the highest in the time series. Interpretation of 2012 data As with all statistics, this data is prone to different interpretation, which can dramatically affect the message it delivers. For instance, using these stats you could say: • ‘30% of the world’s fish stocks are overexploited’. (OE) Or • ‘70% of the world’s fish stocks are providing maximum benefit to feed the population or have the potential to produce more fish’. (ME + FE) Or (stigmatising the term ‘exploited’ to produce a more negative impression) • ‘87% of the world’s fish stocks are either overexploited or fully exploited’. (FE + OE) This shows the care required when interpreting information on fish stocks. Understanding the whole picture is crucial to proper delivery of an accurate message which can effectively influence behaviours to support the long-term goals of sustainability.
6
Summary of SOFIA report 2012 Situation in North East Atlantic • In the North East Atlantic, total catch appeared to have a decreasing trend after 1975, with a recovery in the 1990s, and was 8.7 mt in 2010. • The blue whiting stock decreased rapidly from the peak of 2.4 mt in 2004 to only 0.6 mt in 2009. • Fishing mortality has been reduced in cod, sole and plaice, with recovery plans in place for the major stocks of these species. The Arctic cod spawning stock was particularly large in 2008, having recovered from the low levels observed in the 1960s–1980s. Similarly, the Arctic saithe and haddock stocks have increased to high levels, although stocks elsewhere remain fully exploited or overexploited. • The largest sandeel and capelin stocks remain overexploited. Concern remains for redfishes and deep-water species for which data are limited and which are likely to be vulnerable to overfishing. • Northern shrimp and Norway lobster are generally in good condition, but there are indications that some stocks are being overexploited. • Recently, maximum sustainable yield has been adopted as the standard basis for reference points. Overall, 62% of assessed stocks are fully exploited, 31% overexploited, and 7% non-fully exploited. Special report: The role of capture fisheries in a global sustainable food production system: opportunities and challenges • Based on FAO statistics for 1950–2006, the first overview of marine fisheries resources by country confirmed that, globally, the maximum average level of bottom fish and small pelagic fish production had been reached within the final decade. • While data were not available to explore fully the relationship between stock status and global landings, data covering some 75% of recent landings (1998–2002) showed that 14.1% of world production (about 11 mt) came from underexploited or moderately exploited stocks, 57.3% (about 41 mt) from fully exploited stocks, 13.7% (about 18.4 mt) from overexploited stocks and 7.6% (about 10.2 mt) from depleted or recovering stocks. • These analyses are troubling from a resource exploitation perspective and suggest a global system that is overstressed, reducing in biodiversity and in imminent danger of collapse. However, total capture fisheries output data over this period suggest that under the management regimes in place to date, or in spite of them, the resource system has been surprisingly resilient in terms of output and food value, although harvesting has been increasingly inefficient in terms of catch per unit of effort (CPUE). • There is also a strong societal argument for maximizing beneficial use of natural resources, and the clear need for food, which would justify the fullest possible level of harvesting consistent with the ability for these harvests to be sustained. However, there have been specific instances of serious stock collapse, evidence of historically low biomasses of key stocks, increasing awareness of ecosystem interactions and changing balances towards harvesting lower in the food chain. Together with mounting concern for the possible impacts of climate change on ecosystems and dependent communities, these have all combined to build the case for more explicit and increasingly urgent strategies to improve the capture fisheries system and to put in place securely sustainable fisheries. Fishing regimes are broadly categorised as follows: • 1. Well-managed national and regional fisheries with management regimes that have undergone considerable improvement in recent years, support sustainable fisheries and have strong prospects for continuing to do so.
7
Summary of SOFIA report 2012 •
2. National and regional fisheries systems undergoing steady improvement as management measures take effect and bring about greater levels of compliance. • 3. National and regional fisheries with low management capacity and widespread IUU fishing, commonly with complex fisheries and difficult management contexts. • 4. International high seas fisheries, also including deep-sea fisheries, with varying levels of fleet or national management agreement and compliance. • 5. New fisheries undergoing possible expansion, for which management systems are only emerging. Assessment • More than 20 percent of output is related to overexploited, depleted or recovering stocks. A moratorium on fishing for all of these is unlikely, but a concerted approach for change might reasonably be expected to reduce this category to 10% (some 14 mt). • Similarly, a more significant part of the 41 mt from fully exploited stocks could be subject to more secure regimes, and the 11 mt from underexploited or moderately exploited stocks might be expanded, but this would need to done within a sound management environment. Fishmeal Fishmeal production peaked in 1994 at 30.2 mt (live weight equivalent) and has followed a fluctuating trend since then. In 2010, it dropped to 15.0 mt owing to reduced catches of anchoveta, representing a decrease of 12.9% compared with 2009 (decrease of 18.2% compared with 2008 and of 42.8% with respect to 2000). Waste from commercial fish species used for human consumption is increasingly used in feed markets, and a growing percentage of fishmeal is being obtained from trimmings and other residues from the preparation of fish fillets. About 36% of world fishmeal production was obtained from offal in 2010. Summary: OECD – FAO Agricultural Outlook: Chapter on Fish Projections 2012 – 2021. http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/agricultureincreasedproductivityandamoresustainablefoodsyste mwillimproveglobalfoodsecurityoecdandfaopublishnewagriculturaloutlook.htm Growth in fisheries and aquaculture sector • Stimulated by higher demand for fish, world fisheries and aquaculture production is projected to reach about 172 mt in 2021, a growth of 15% above the average level for 2009–11. The increase should be mainly driven by aquaculture, which is projected to reach about 79 mt, rising by 33% over the period 2012–2021 compared with the 3% growth of capture fisheries. • Thanks to its contribution, total fisheries production (capture and aquaculture) will exceed that of beef, pork or poultry. Slowing in aquaculture growth • However, a slowing in aquaculture growth is anticipated, from an average annual rate of 5.8% in the last decade to 2.4% during the period under review. This decline will be mainly caused by water constraints, limited availability of optimal production locations and the rising costs of fishmeal, fish oil and other feeds. Notwithstanding the slower growth rate, aquaculture will remain one of the fastest growing animal food-producing sectors. • Products derived from aquaculture will contribute to an increasing share of global fishery production, growing from 40% on average in 2009–2011 to 46% in 2021. • Aquaculture production is expected to continue to expand on all continents, with variations across countries and regions in terms of the product range of species and product forms. Asian countries will continue to dominate world aquaculture production, with a share of 89% in 2021, with China alone representing 6% of total production. 8
Summary of SOFIA report 2012 Fishmeal use • The portion of capture fisheries used to produce fishmeal will be about 17% by 2021, declining by 6% compared with the 2009–2011 average owing to the growing demand for fish for human consumption. • In 2021, fishmeal production should be 15% higher compared with the 2009–2011 average, but almost 87% of the increase will derive from improved use of fish waste, cuttings and trimmings. • Growing income and urbanization will entail an increasing consumption of fish in fillets or prepared and preserved forms, thus creating more residual production to be used in fishmeal manufacturing. Fishmeal produced from fish waste should represent 43% of world fishmeal production in 2021 (36% in 2010). Fish prices • The fish sector is expected to enter into a decade of higher prices, but also higher production costs. The main drivers will be the underlying positive trend in demand, income and population growth, increasing meat prices, a generally weak US dollar and limited growth of capture fisheries production, as well as rising costs for some of the most important input factors such as energy, including crude oil and feed. • In particular, as a consequence of slightly declining capture fisheries for reduction and a preference for fishmeal and fish oil in the production of certain animals, prices for fishmeal and fish oil are expected to grow by about 59% and 55%, respectively, in nominal terms during the projection period. Against the backdrop of stagnant supplies, increasing demand is expected to lead to an increase in the price ratio of fish to oilseed meal and oil, especially in assumed years of El Niño events. The impact of the coarse grain price on the price of aquaculture products will continue to be relatively modest, although it is expected to increase somewhat over the period 2012–2021. • The price ratio of aquaculture compared with fishmeal will gradually stabilize over the period under review. Owing to the rising prices of fishmeal, fish oil and other feeds, the average price of farmed species should increase by slightly more than that for capture fisheries (excluding fish for reduction), by 48% compared with 43%, in the next decade. • Higher prices for substitutes, meat in particular, will stimulate demand for fish and fishery products for human consumption. This in turn, will increase fish prices, which will encourage more aquaculture production, in particular in developing countries, for export as well as for local and regional consumption. Per capita consumption • World per-capita apparent fish consumption is expected to reach 19.6 kg in 2021, 16% higher than the average level for 2009–2011. • The average annual growth rate will be lower in the second half of the projection period, when fish will start to become more expensive than red meats. • Owing to high fish prices, fish consumption growth is projected to slow to 0.3% per year over the projection period, compared with 1.7% per year in the previous decade. • Per capita fish consumption will increase in all continents, except in Africa (owing to population growing faster than supply), with Oceania showing the highest growth rate. • Products derived from aquaculture will contribute to an increasing share of global fishery supply for human consumption. By 2018, farmed fish is expected to exceed captured fish for human consumption for the first time, and its share is projected at 52%. ____________________________________________________________________________
9
Summary of SOFIA report 2012 This paper has concentrated on the headline themes but there are also key sections on: Mainstreaming gender in fisheries and aquaculture - from recognition to reality; Improved preparedness for and effective response to disasters in fisheries and aquaculture; Managing recreational fisheries and their development; Barriers to achieving low-impact fuel-efficient fishing; Putting into practice the ecosystem approach to fisheries and aquaculture; Effects of fisheries management policies on fishing safety; Food safety remains a critical component for food and nutrition security; and Marine protected areas: a tool for the ecosystem approach to fisheries. Separate summaries have been produced on the sections covering: • Demand and supply of aquafeed and feed ingredients for farmed fish and crustaceans and trends and future prospects; • Global guidelines on ecolabelling and certification in capture fisheries and aquaculture.
For further information: FAO The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2012 (230 pages) http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2727e/i2727e.pdf FAO Press Release Fisheries and aquaculture – enabling a vital sector to contribute more http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/150839/icode/ OECD – FAO Agricultural Outlook: 2012 – 2021 http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/agricultureincreasedproductivityandamoresustainablefoodsyste mwillimproveglobalfoodsecurityoecdandfaopublishnewagriculturaloutlook.htm
Prepared by: Karen Green Industry Environmental Communications Seafish T: 07515 993499 E:
[email protected]
8 August 2012
10
