TP_take it further - Technip

Engineering and technologies

Liquefied Natural Gas By the industry’s longest-serving turnkey contractor

Technip profile Technip is a world leader in project management, engineering and construction for the energy industry. With a workforce of 40,000 around the world, we constantly offer the best solutions and most innovative technologies to our clients to meet the world’s energy challenges. We operate in three main businesses: Subsea

Offshore

Onshore

In subsea hydrocarbon development, Technip’s activities include the design, manufacture and installation of rigid and flexible subsea pipelines and umbilicals. Thanks to its portfolio of technologies and industrial and operational assets, Technip offers a unique vertically integrated model in the industry.

In the Offshore business segment Technip performs engineering, procurement, construction, installation, commissioning and the refurbishment/upgrading of offshore facilities for the oil and gas industry.

Technip covers the full range of onshore facilities for the oil and gas chain, petrochemicals and other energy industries (nuclear, renewables including biofuels and offshore wind). It holds many proprietary cuttingedge technologies and is the leader in the design and construction of LNG and gas treatment plants as well as ethylene, hydrogen and syngas units.

The Group has 3 flexible pipe manufacturing plants, 4 umbilical production units, 9 logistics and pipeline assembly bases, and 1 construction yard. Technip’s worldwide leadership is supported by a modern fleet of vessels for subsea construction, pipelay development (rigid and flexible pipes using S-Lay, J-Lay or Reeled technology) and heavy lift applications.

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Technip provides these services for fixed platforms in shallow water with conventional sub-structures and self-installing platforms such as the TPG 500 and for deepwater facilities including Spar, semi-submersible, TLP, FPSO and FLNG units. Technip is a world leader in floatover installation of topsides and its R&D effort is focused technology transfer for local content and new frontier areas such as ultra-deepwater and the Arctic.

Technip is also one of the key actors in refining and petrochemical units, and has developed a leadership position in the fertilizer industry. Moreover, the Group is very active in non-energy activities such as mining and metals, life sciences, buildings and infrastructures.

A leader in the buoyant LNG market

LNG market growth

Technip pioneered base-load LNG plant construction through the first-ever facility in Arzew, Algeria. Some 50 years later, the Group has built 1/3 rd of world LNG capacity.

Natural gas is a premium energy with high growth driven particularly by the demand for gas fired power stations. Gas consumption is expected to double by 2030, whereas production is increasingly far from consumption centres. The liquefaction of natural gas is the most economical solution for delivering it into distant markets. Over the last decade, we at Technip have serviced this fast growing LNG market using our expertise to execute many multi-billion dollar EPC contracts with our Joint Venture partners.

Technological and project challenges These exceptional investments call for exceptional talents: our international teams of engineers are endowed with sound financial, technical, technological and project management skills. Our experts have also been developing tools and technologies that are now industry standards and which contribute, today, to making LNG a competitive energy. We are an EPC contractor with significant technology and abundant know-how.

Worldwide engineering and procurement We are present throughout the entire gas value chain: onshore & offshore oil and gas field developments, gas processing plants, liquefaction and marine terminals. Supported by a worldwide network of Engineering Centres, we can be close both to our clients and their developments, enabling us to deliver solutions globally and cost effectively.

Liquefied Natural Gas

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50 years in the LNG business as a leading EPC contractor First key references: 1964

1983

Base load facility - Arzew (Algeria) - 3 trains Capacity: 1.1 Mtpa

Peak-shaving unit - Dynevor Arms (UK) Capacity: 200t/day

1971

1999

Base load facility - Skikda (Algeria) - 3 trains Capacity: 2.9 Mtpa

Bonny Island (Nigeria) Base project - trains 1 & 2 Capacity: 3.3 Mtpa each

2000 and beyond 2003

2009 - 2010

Bonny Island (Nigeria) Nigerian Expansion Project - Train 3 Capacity: 3.3 Mtpa

Qatargas 2 (Qatar) Trains 4 & 5 Capacity : 7.8 Mtpa each

2003 - 2005 Qatargas debottlenecking (Qatar) Trains 1, 2 & 3 Capacity expanded from 6.4 to 9.5 Mtpa 2005 - 2006 Bonny Island (Nigeria) NLNG Plus - Trains 4 & 5 Capacity : 4.1 Mtpa each 2007 Bonny Island (Nigeria) NLNGSix - Train 6 Capacity: 4.1 Mtpa

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RasGas 3 (Qatar) Trains 6 & 7 Capacity 7.8 Mtpa each Qatargas 3 & 4 (Qatar) Trains 6 & 7 Capacity : 7.8 Mtpa each Yemen LNG (Yemen) Trains 1 & 2 Capacity: 3.4 Mtpa each 2011 Ningxia Hanas Natural Gas Company (China) Capacity: 2 x 0.4 Mtpa

Technip's credentials as LNG plant designer, technological solution provider and EPC contractor -whether as partner or as JV leader-, are as sound as our long-standing involvement in the industry. Our large engineering, procurement and construction management teams allow the parallel execution of several LNG projects.

Bonny Island Trains 1 to 6

Qatargas debottlenecking Trains 1, 2 and 3

Africa’s biggest LNG complex

Increasing plant capacity by removing bottlenecks

The relationship with our client Nigeria LNG Limited (NLNG) spans over three decades. With our JV partners, Snamprogetti, KBR and JGC, we have helped establish our client NLNG as one of the biggest LNG producers in Africa and one of the major players in the global natural gas industry. When we designed the first two trains of today's plant in the 1980's, the capacity set a new record through the first ever use of GE Frame 7 gas turbines. The project also included the first cryogenic hydraulic expansion turbines. We went on to design and build all six trains with our partners starting with trains 1 and 2 in the 1990's. The latest, train 6, was successfully delivered on time at the end of 2007 with an excellent safety record and rapid start-up. These projects provide an overall production capacity for the complex of 22 Mtpa of LNG and 4 Mtpa of LPG and condensate.

In 2001, Technip in joint venture with Chiyoda was awarded an EPC contract to carry out the debottlenecking of the three existing LNG trains at the Ras Laffan Industrial site, by the Qatar Liquefied Gas Company (Qatargas). The services and works consisted in replacing and upgrading some of the key process equipment such as compressors and turbines. Shutdowns were limited to those required for scheduled maintenance. With 50% additional capacity, this project was the largest LNG train increase in the world to-date, and we completed it ahead of schedule.


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The world’s largest LNG trains

Large engineering resources allowed parallel execution of several brownfield and greenfield LNG projects Qatargas 2 Trains 4 and 5

Rasgas 3 Trains 6 and 7

Qatargas 3 and 4 Trains 6 and 7

In 2004, following our success in Qatargas trains 1, 2 and 3 and our effective collaboration with Chiyoda, Qatargas 2 entrusted the Chiyoda/Technip joint venture (CTJV) with the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) contract for trains 4 and 5.

In 2005, the Ras Laffan Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited (3) followed Qatargas 2 by awarding CTJV two 7.8 Mtpa LNG trains. The Rasgas site is adjacent to Qatargas.

In 2006, CTJV was awarded a third EPC contract for two more megatrains within Qatargas.

These two trains are designed to produce 7.8 Mtpa of LNG each, using the Air Products AP-X process and are the world's largest. The LNG produced is sold into the UK market. The joint venture scope also includes the world's largest capacity gas reception facilities, gas treatment units, utility systems and LNG storage & export terminal. Trains 4 and 5 started successfully in 2009.

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The LNG produced is exported towards the US and Asian markets.

Train 6 delivers 7.8 Mtpa of LNG primarily to US markets. Train 7's output -also 7.8 Mtpa- is sold to North American markets.

In 2006, the contract for the Al Khaleej Gas Phase 2 Project (AKG-2) with a sales gas capacity of 1,250 MMSCFD was awarded to CTJV for execution within the Rasgas site.

This contract, the third of the three large LNG projects in Qatar, was final confirmation of the confidence our clients and project stakeholders had in CTJV's unique capabilities.

Train 6 and 7 started up in the Summer of 2009 and in early 2010.

With the delivery of these six trains, we have contributed to Qatar's strategic plan and have helped this State to become the world's largest supplier of LNG with total annual production of 77 Mtpa in 2010.

Mid-scale LNG

LNG receiving terminals

Yemen LNG Trains 1 and 2

Hanas LNG

Freeport LNG Receiving terminal

In late 2005, Yemen LNG Company Ltd (YLNG) awarded the Yemgas joint venture an EPC contract for the design and construction of Yemen's first LNG facility. Yemgas is a Technip-led joint venture shared equally between Technip, JGC and KBR.

In late 2011, Technip delivered the Hanas mid-scale LNG plant on behalf of the Ningxia Hanas Natural Gas Company Ltd.

At the end of 2003, the FEED studies were completed on behalf of Freeport LNG Development L.P. for their receiving terminal to be located on Quintana Island, near Freeport, Texas.

The two trains have a total capacity of 6.7 Mtpa. Train 1 has been producing since Autumn 2009. Train 2 came on stream in early 2010. Both trains have been producing steadily ever since. Technip's large resources enabled detailed engineering of these two trains to be executed in parallel to Qatar's 6 x 7.8 Mtpa mega trains.

As FEED contractor, EPC JV leader and LNG train designer, this contract confirmed our return to the first tier of EPC contractors in LNG.

It is one of the largest facilities of its kind in China. It has two trains with a capacity of 400,000 tonnes per year each. The LNG is to be distributed to the Chinese market. With this contract, we demonstrated LNG capability from our Kuala Lumpur regional center. It was also a breakthrough into the mid-scale LNG market, representing new opportunities for our company.

In early 2005, we were awarded, as JV leader, the EPC contract for this terminal whose send out capacity reaches 1.5 BCF/D of gas. This project was executed by our operating centre in Houston. The Freeport Terminal successfully started in April 2008.

In 2012 and 2013, Technip was awarded several contracts for mid-scale LNG plants in China.


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Technip's know-how in LNG Built on involvement in the LNG industry's landmark projects and cross fertilisation from Technip's NGL recovery and ethylene programmes.

Pre-cooled N.G. Cold box

GT

Liquid expander EG

Fuel gas compression Nitrogen removal column LNG from MCHE

LNG to storage

To fuel gas system

US Patent 5,421,165 (LNG Nitrogen rejection)

Innovations that have benefitted the whole LNG industry Our strategy of technological development has played a determining role in our current success in LNG. Technip’s strong position today is largely due to our reputation won more than 45 years ago in Algeria, and maintained since not only through projects but also through innovations, patented and unpatented, that have resulted from process studies performed in the course of pre-FEED's and FEED's, and as part of R&D programmes.

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We have instigated many technological developments which are currently implemented in modern facilities such as cryogenic hydraulic turbines for LNG and MR expansion, and the split MR scheme introduced during the FEED of the Yemen LNG project in 1997 and now routinely applied in trains that use the C3MR process of Air Products. LNG Nitrogen rejection This technology allows better control of LNG nitrogen content and fuel gas production. It is in service in several plants, and has been adopted by a number of other projects currently under construction.

Wieland enhanced surface tube. Real size: 5/8”

High performance exchangers

Technology for high methane content LNG

In November 2007, Technip and Wieland announced an agreement to jointly market innovative enhanced heat transfer solutions for LNG and ethylene plants. Exchangers designed by Technip around enhanced surface tubes supplied by Wieland provide improved energy efficiency through an increase in production capacity, a decrease in energy consumption and reduced CO2 emissions. More than 50 large heat exchangers using this technology are in operation today. As part of the agreement that follows more than 10 years of collaboration, Technip and Wieland further develop, qualify, optimise and market new solutions using Technip's equipment design know-how and Wieland's tube technologies.

We have developed other technologies that are finding applications in the next generation of LNG trains. These include improvements to processes for deep extraction of ethane and heavier components (C2+ cuts) in order to produce LNG with a high methane content (lean LNG).

Dry, treated gas Gas Pre-treatment

With this process, more than 95% of the ethane can be extracted from natural gas in a way that is compatible with the liquefaction process. The process can be used as an integrated feature of a new facility or retrofitted to existing trains not initially designed for deep NGL recovery.

Liquefaction process licensor

Cryomax®

Natural Gas (25°C)

Cryomax® - ERU LNG (Ethane recovery)

Lean gas

NGL Recovery

Nitrogen rich LNG Liquefaction

Acid gas (H2S & CO2)

LNG (-160°C)

N2 Removal

Nitrogen

Mercury Water

NRU

(Natural gas liquids) Ethane Propane Butane

Technip processes in an LNG train


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Advanced numerical simulations

CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and Dynamic simulation help us to reduce investments for our clients via a decrease of design margins necessary with less precise methods.

CFD used for slug catchers Design validation (vapour/liquid separation) Study of transients

Air recirculation studies for air-cooled LNG plants Evaluation of any temperature increase at the inlet of sensitive equipment (air coolers; gas turbines) Optimisation of the plot plan for maximum LNG production

Compact equipment design Vapour/liquid disengagement in large LNG train propane evaporators Fuel gas mixing drum design validation (including internals details) to ensure proper variation of FG properties during transient phases

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Critical piping hydraulics Optimisation of pipe routing upstream of critical separators for proper operation of distributors Optimisation of large compressor suction piping layout

Dynamic simulation of compressor start-up/shutdown Sizing of anti-surge control valves and hot bypass valves Specification of maximum allowable start up pressures

Process control dynamic simulation Determination of optimum control loop parameters Evaluation of unit behaviour during transient conditions

Dynamic simulation of cooldown of an LNG piping network Validate LNG storage and loading cooldown procedure Optimise the required cold gas and LNG flows and the sequence duration

Operator training simulator Technip, with selected partners, designs and supplies LNG plant operator training simulators. Technip can also perform training sessions.


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HEADQUARTERS Technip 89 avenue de la Grande Armée 75773 Paris Cedex 16 France Phone: +33 (0)1 47 78 24 00 CONTACTS Gas Monetization Philip HAGYARD Phone: +33 (0)1 47 78 27 17 E-mail: [email protected] Mohamed OULD BAMBA Phone: +33 (0)1 47 78 25 95 E-mail: [email protected]

www.technip.com

This document is the property of Technip and is not intended to be a binding contractual document. Any information contained herein shall not result in any binding obligation on the part of Technip, or any of its affiliates, and is provided for information purposes only. Technip - Group Communications - February 2014 Photo credits: Technip, pages 4 and 5: Jean Gaumy / Magnum Photos