equipment made it more affordable for citizens to gain access to technology. ..... Hosting of regional forums to discuss
UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPMENT (CSTD)
Contribution to the CSTD ten-year review of the implementation of WSIS outcomes
Submitted by TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
DISCLAIMER: The views presented here are the contributors' and do not necessarily reflect the views and position of the United Nations or the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
Report on Progress made in the Implementation of the Outcomes of the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) 1. To what extent, in your experience, has the “people-centred, inclusive and developmentoriented Information Society”, envisaged in the opening paragraph of the WSIS Geneva Declaration of Principles, developed in the ten years since WSIS? Overview The Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GoRTT) has identified the critical role of ICT in securing its sustainable development objectives. Firstly, as a cross-cutting enabler of development, ICTs can positively impact all sectors of the economy. Secondly, ICT constitutes a discrete sector with the potential to contribute to economic diversification and increased competitiveness. As such, in the last decade, Trinidad and Tobago has leveraged ICT to enhance its participation in the global knowledge economy, a recognised precursor for success modern economies. Tracing the Evolution of the Role of ICTs in the Last Ten (10) years Over the past ten (10) years, Trinidad and Tobago, as a nation, has made great strides toward developing a “people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society”. During this period there have been two (2) National ICT Strategies which are aimed at revolutionising the local ICT landscape while charting a clear course in the country’s progress and in the development of its knowledge economy. Fastforward 2003-2008 Launched in 2003, and coinciding with the first phase of the World Summit on Information Society (WSIS) the National ICT strategy branded as fastforward, covered the period 2003 to 2008, and had as its vision: “Trinidad and Tobago is in a prominent position in the global information society through real and lasting improvements in social, economic and cultural development caused by the deployment and usage of information and communications technology” The constituent Initiatives of the Plan placed emphasis on ICT as a critical enabler of the national development strategy, the primary objective of which was the attainment of developed nation status by the year 2020. In this context, fastforward, constituted a national connectivity roadmap and provided a framework for the successful integration of technology throughout communities, businesses and government. It also outlined the steps needed to propel Trinidad and Tobago to a prominent position in
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the emerging global information society. As such, a key outcome of the strategy was the development of robust infrastructure that would result in the realisation of the plan’s high-level objectives: • provision of affordable Internet access to all citizens; • development of children and adult skills with a view to ensuring a sustainable solution and a vibrant future; • promotion of citizen trust, access, and interaction through good governance; and • maximising the potential within all citizens, and accelerating innovation, to develop a knowledge-based society. fastforward was a comprehensive strategy which leveraged the power of people, innovation, education, information technology and infrastructure to accelerate the social, economic and cultural development of the country. Its focus on a people-centred, inclusive approach was further reinforced in the plan’s development which was done in a consultative and transparent manner through the involvement of participants from civil society, government and private sector. It was essentially a national plan for the country’s future which was designed by its citizens. The connectivity agenda is captured in the following values: Connected, Committed, Competitive, Creative, Caring, Community During the term of fastforward, there were many notable achievements. Perhaps the most significant was the establishment of the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT) in July 2004 which strengthened liberalisation of the telecommunications sector. In the years following, competition blossomed across the broadcasting landscape with 37 radio stations and 9 television stations established throughout the country. Competition in the mobile telephony and broadband sectors was also positively impacted, with increases to 2 and 4 service providers, respectively. By the year 2009, Trinidad and Tobago was able to lay claim to having one of the highest mobile penetration rates in the world as well as offering the cheapest broadband rates within the region. Other achievements which moved the country closer to realising the vision of a “people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society” included: Access and Inclusion – the removal of all duties and taxes on computers and computing equipment made it more affordable for citizens to gain access to technology. Enhanced Service Delivery – the ttconnect programme, an e-government portal, was launched which provided a suite of six (6) alternative means of interfacing with Government. Infrastructure and Connectivity - To increase usage of ICTs within communities, all public libraries were equipped with computers and access to high speed internet in 2007. Moreover, an all primary and secondary schools were outfitted with connected computer labs. Capacity Building – Education strategies to develop ICT skills among the citizenry was a high priority. In addition to the incorporation of information technology into the primary and secondary school systems and the availability of ICT-oriented degrees at tertiary institutions, a number of programmes were developed to address the uptake of ICT skills by citizens in all demographics of society. Financial – fiscal incentives were implemented to encourage ICT adoption, inclusive of stimulation of investment in high speed broadband, and the reduction in the cost of several elements of implementation. 2|Page
Public-Private-Partnerships – Public and Private Sector collaboration was encouraged, and proved to be highly successful. One such example is the creation of the e -Business Roundtable, which continues to act as a think-tank for the elaboration of strategies for stimulating economic growth and revenue generation through the use of ICT. The privatesector led partnership with Government aims to influence Government’s ICT policy; provide private sector expertise; and explore ICT synergies in other sectors, such as finance, energy, tourism, agriculture, culture and entertainment. In this way, fastforward has laid the foundation, in Trinidad and Tobago, for the development of an
Information Society as envisaged in the WSIS process. achievements under fastforward.
Appendix I provides a detailed list of
Post fastforward: 2009 – 2013 As fastforward evolved and eventually came to the end of its term, a connected society emerged, built upon complimentary processes which sought to provide the requisite infrastructure, and to improve ICT access among citizens. During the intervening period of 2009-2013, focus was placed on the “uptake and usage” of ICT across sectors and among citizens and businesses. During this period the National ICT Company Limited branded as iGovTT was established. Formerly the National ICT Centre within the Ministry of Public Administration, iGovTT has responsibility for implementing ICT initiatives, programmes and projects deemed crucial to the effective and efficient fulfilment of developmental paths being pursued by Government, businesses and the citizenry. Even in the absence of a defined national strategy, several important initiatives advanced the momentum first instigated by fastforward. These initiatives included: It is also noteworthy that the National Development Strategy of Trinidad and Tobago identifies ICT as one of seven pillars for securing sustainable development objectives. This was further advanced in the Medium Term Policy Framework, 2010-2014, which recognised ICT (Pillar #4) as seen as a critical, cross-cutting enabler for development. e-Government – In 2009 a single online government portal was created as part of the thrust to establish an integrated channel for government service delivery. This provided a single gateway for citizens to interact with government and access its services. In 2011, a similar portal, TTBizLink was created for businesses, which allowed companies and individuals to apply for various permits and licenses, register businesses, and conduct other trade related activities via a single online channel. It is recognised that more has to be done to enhance service delivery with respect to Government-to-citizen (G2C) and Government-to-business (G2B) engagement. e-Connect and Learn (eCAL) – essentially a student laptop initiative, eCAL continued the nation’s thrust to boost ICT literacy among students and sought to trigger educational transformation by utilising ICTs to deliver curriculum and enhance the learning process. Creating an Enabling Environment through Legislation – a modern e-legislative agenda was acknowledged as a crucial element in creating an environment conducive to the growth of ICT. In 2011, the Electronic Transaction and Data Protection Acts were partially proclaimed. These Acts are seen as constituting key elements of the enabling framework to support the
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development of e-Commerce in Trinidad and Tobago and the security of personal information utilised for business operations.
smarTT, 2014 – 2018 GoRTT, in consultation with business, academia, civil society and other interest groups, sought to advance the national ICT agenda, through the development of a National ICT Plan for the period 2014 to 2018. Branded as smarTT, the plan builds upon the extensive work undertaken under its predecessor, fastfoward (2003-2008). In crafting the Plan, emphasis was placed on a multi-stakeholder approach to ensure that the diverse needs of stakeholders were taken into consideration. SmarTT, which was approved by Cabinet in December 2013, is predicated on a national ICT vision of creating “A dynamic knowledge- based society, driven by the innovative use of ICTs to enhance the social, economic and cultural development of the people of Trinidad and Tobago.” smarTT, builds upon the foundation laid by its precursor, placing emphasis on innovation and skills building. The Plan is structured along the following five (5) thematic areas: Theme #1: Innovation and Human Capital Development – constitutes the primary driver of the Plan and focuses on the inculcation of ICT skills and competencies among citizens, with a view to developing a creative, e-ready society. Theme #2: Access and Digital Inclusion – seeks to bridge the gap which exists between the technology haves and have-nots between and within our twin- island state by increasing the availability and affordability of ICT as well as enhancing ICT learning and awareness. Theme #3: e-Business and ICT Sector Development – places emphasis on building a pro eenterprise environment, and underscores the importance of promoting the adoption of ecommerce and e-business which can stimulate the production and distribution of domestic ICT products and services. Theme #4: Infrastructure Development – aims to enhance accessibility, usage and governance by narrowing gaps in national infrastructure, with particular emphasis on telecommunications and broadband. Theme #5: e-Government - strives to enhance the delivery of government services, supported by secure and robust telecommunications infrastructure Each thematic area includes Key Imperatives, namely the action-oriented objectives chosen to deliver results in the short, medium, and long-term. In turn, the results are aligned to the priorities of the country’s Medium Term Policy Framework, in which ICT is assigned prominence as Pillar #4 of the seven (7) pillars for sustainable development. The imperatives of smarTT are articulated through over fifty (50) programmes aimed at achieving outcomes including:
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Increased outreach and promotion of ICTs Increased “local” on-line content and commercial applications Increased virtual availability of heritage related content Increased access for low income households and the differently-abled to ICTs Strengthened e-legislative and ICT policy environment Equal access and availability of ICTs at the primary and secondary school level
Utilization of e-business as a core economic driver Increased ICT usage by SME’s and improved ICT sensitization for better business Improved environment for ICT innovation Increased investment in ICT related R&D ICT driven research linked to national and regional development Increased Foreign Direct Investment in the ICT Sector
The above underscores the continuing alignment between Trinidad and Tobago’s national ICT development and that of the WSIS as outlined in the opening paragraph of the Geneva Declaration of Principles of creating a “people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society.” Notably, as the country’s ICT for development trajectory shifts focus from “Connectivity” to “Usage and Creation”, there is a thrust for citizens to evolve from being solely users and consumers to being creators of electronic content that can leverage the ingenuity and cultural diversity of the nation’s people. The ICT roadmap illustrated in the diagram below, details the course of national ICT development over the past ten (10) years since WSIS as well as the trajectory for development post 2015.
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Diagram 1: ICT Roadmap for Trinidad and Tobago 2003 to 2018
The diagram above charts Trinidad and Tobago’s ICT trajectory as the cross-cutting enabler continues to be assigned strategic importance as a cornerstone for economic diversification in the course of the nation’s development. In this regard, Trinidad and Tobago continues to seek its competitive advantage in the knowledge economy by dedicating resources to creating a society where the creation, distribution, diffusion, use, integration and manipulation of information continue to be significant economic, political, and cultural activities.
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2. How far do you consider the implementation of specific WSIS outcomes to have been achieved? There have been different levels of implementation of specific WSIS outcomes and this is reflected at the international and national level. The following details activities being pursued by Trinidad and Tobago vis-à-vis implementation of specific WSIS outcomes. Access, Digital Inclusion and ICT Infrastructure - National Broadband Plan Cognisant of the importance of sound broadband infrastructure, and its role in ensuring an inclusive digital society, GoRTT, has engaged the World Bank Group (WBG) in the implementation of its National Broadband Backbone initiative. This initiative is intended to facilitate the rollout of infrastructure throughout Trinidad and Tobago, based on its particular circumstance, and underscores the high priority that has been assigned to affordable broadband access. Whilst national research indicates that the digital divide may in fact be narrowing, there still exist segments of the country that are at varying levels of ICT development. Elaborated as a key component of the overarching National ICT Plan, smarTT, the National Broadband Plan is addressed primarily in Theme #4: Infrastructure Development. The Broadband Vision is aimed at delivering “a future-proof broadband infrastructure capable of delivering access speeds of 10 Mbps and above to the population by 2018.” The broadband targets for the period 2013 to 2018 are detailed below:
Table 1: Target Broadband (Fixed and Mobile) Access Speeds (Percentage Population Coverage)
- Regional Infrastructure Development Regionally, CANTO is a key player that is assisting Caribbean countries to establish broadband infrastructure and shape a regional ICT framework. In this regard, and in keeping with the thrust to build a connected and inclusive Caribbean, CANTO, in collaboration with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), launched the Broadband Infrastructure Inventory and Public Awareness in the Caribbean (BIIPAC) Project in February 2013 in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. The project’s main objective is to support the design of national broadband strategies in the Caribbean Region to support the Region as it moves towards universality in broadband access and service, regardless of the location (ubiquity) or the social strata (equity). Trinidad and Tobago is one of eight (8) Caribbean states participating in the BIIPAC project. The other participants are the Dominican Republic, Belize, Haiti, Jamaica, Barbados, Suriname and Guyana as well as various Telecommunications Operators, Financial 7|Page
Development Institutions, CANTO and the IDB. These two examples underscore recognition of the importance of broadband in advancing national ICT agendas and the need for collaboration among various stakeholders in the elaboration of these activities. - Bridging the Digital Divide – Access to Technology and the Knowledge Society Traditionally, the term “digital divide” described the inequalities in access to and utilisation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among and within countries with imbalances reflected across individuals, households, geographic regions and businesses. Trinidad and Tobago, like other developing countries, particularly a Small Island Developing State (SIDS), is no exception. The 2013 Digital Divide Survey, conducted by the Telecommunication Authority of Trinidad and Tobago, sought to measure the status of broadband deployment, usage and activities in order to identify broadband gaps across Trinidad and Tobago. Three recognised tools of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) was used in this regard, namely the Digital Access Index (DAI); Digital Opportunity Index (DOI); and the ICT Development Index (IDI). As detailed below, the survey results facilitated the identification of ‘underserved’ communities inclusive of those with basic or lacking telecommunications infrastructure. Table 1: National Digital Divide Readings DAI1 2014 0.9217
DOI2 0.7194
IDI3 5.5582
Contained within each of the abovementioned indices, are sub-components which measured the level of infrastructure and ICT access present in Trinidad and Tobago. The national infrastructure readings are provided in Table 2: Table 2: National Infrastructure Readings DAI Infrastructure 2014 0.7936
DOI Infrastructure 0.5637
IDI ICT Access 0.6556
These results indicate that while there is infrastructure development within Trinidad and Tobago, deployment needs to be enhanced so that all communities can be reached. Pillar #1: Access and Digital Inclusion, of the National ICT Plan, smarTT, is closely aligned with three (3) of the key principles of the Geneva Declaration: to improve access to information and knowledge; to improve access to information and communication infrastructure and technologies; and to build capacity.
1
Measured on a scale of 0-1, where 1 represents no digital divide. Measured on a scale of 0-1, where 1 represents no digital divide. 3 Measured on a scale of 0-10, where 10 represents no digital divide. 2
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In this way, the Pillar focuses on narrowing the digital divide within and between the islands of Trinidad and Tobago; and increasing ICT availability among underserved communities. The Key Imperatives associated with this area include: Providing ICT Services for Digital Inclusion; Increasing the Accessibility and Affordability of Technologies; Increasing ICT Learning and Awareness; and Facilitating Research and Development (R&D) Focused on Bridging the Digital Divide. GoRTT remains committed to an ongoing programme of activities geared towards ensuring that citizens enjoy both access to and affordability of ICT. This is further informed by the fact that ICT is fuelling revolution in which ordinary citizens can become key actors in contributing to their own development and economic growth. Some of the activities and actions being pursued include the following: Computers and Connectivity for All i.
ii.
The Schools’ Computerisation Programme aims to provide upgrades and expand the network infrastructure at secondary schools through a more efficient and effective operating environment. It is comprised of broadband access for all schools; pervasive WiFi access at every school location throughout the country; IP Security Surveillance System for all schools with centralised monitoring; and an Education Content Delivery Management System The e-Connect and Learn or e-CAL project facilitates ICT-enabled education through the provision of laptops to all students entering Form One (first entry level at secondary school). Annually, over 17,000 laptops are distributed to students entering secondary school. In 2014, the programme entered its fifth year of rollout which comprises the annual distribution of laptops to over 17,000 students.
Potential Use of Mobile Telephony The exponential increase in the use of “smart” internet-enabled phones globally, and in the national context, provides a unique opportunity not only for broadband deployment but also for facilitating digital inclusion. Trinidad and Tobago has a mobile penetration rate of 140.8 %. (WEF Global Competitiveness Report, 2013-2014). Girls in ICT In recognition of a continuing “gender digital divide”, the Ministry of Science and Technology has initiated since 2013, an Annual Women and Girls in ICT Forum which commemorates the ITU’s International Girls in ICT Day. The Forum seeks to influence girls and young women to consider careers in ICT, a field in which women are under-represented globally. Thus, the ability of women to contribute to shaping the development of the global information society is constrained by existing inequalities. Despite the excellent academic performance of girls in general in Trinidad and Tobago, the global phenomenon of under-representation in the ICT sector is also replicated nationally. The Forum therefore seeks to raise awareness among women and girls of the potential of ICT as a catalyst of development and to encourage them to consider ICT as an avenue for employment/entrepreneurship that can contribute to building a vibrant digital economy.
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Star.TT Community-based ICT Access Centres The Star.tt Community-based ICT Access Centre Initiative is intended, inter alia, to establish a userfriendly, technology enabled environment focussing on the specific needs of communities. Launched in February 2014, the centres served as a hub where community members have access to information, needs-based training, e-Government and other critical services in underserved areas of Trinidad and Tobago. The target groups include those which have been traditionally underserved such as the physically challenged, the elderly and at risk youth. Phase 1 of the implementation will deliver six (6) Centres by the end of 2014. To date, two centres are operational in Penal and Cumana and a third is to become operational in the coming months. The existing centres have enjoyed a steady flow of over three hundred (300) and one hundred (100) users respectively, on a monthly basis. Also, preliminary statistical reports indicate that the ages of visitors cover a wide spectrum of demographics ranging from under 12 to over 65 and that 47% of visitors use Star.tt to conduct research for school-based assessments. The centres have become a vital part of the communities as their place to connect on a daily basis for various services. There centres also provide ICT-enabled training activities that can contribute to the community’s economic development. ICT for Seniors One of the greatest contemporary challenges for Trinidad and Tobago, and to some extent, the wider Caribbean, is the dramatic increase of an ageing population. Moreover, rapid technological advancements are acting as a barrier between the elderly and the younger generation. Thus, GoRTT has identified the elderly as comprising a group targeted for digital inclusion as seniors factor among those who traditionally are excluded from information society activities which in turn, has contributed to the view that technological development is contributing to their social exclusion. The “ICT for Seniors” initiative which is being pursued jointly by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of the People and Social Development, will enhance senior citizens’ access, knowledge, skills and receptiveness on the use of ICT in order to improve their quality of life, allow them to contribute to the development of the information society, broaden their social circles and improve inter-generation relationships. Further, digital competence among seniors has been identified as an important element in supporting active ageing through the provision of new learning opportunities. Further, ICT can facilitate the creation of lasting benefits while bring different generations together and tackling the “digital divide”. Nation-wide consultations to raise awareness of the initiative among seniors and to solicit their views/inputs are being pursued. Two such consultations have been held in the western and central areas of the country. Regional Initiatives Regionally, efforts to close the digital divide have been pursued in collaboration with regional organisations including the Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU), CANTO (referenced earlier) and the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). The CTU is an inter-governmental organisation dedicated to facilitating the development of the regional ICT/telecommunications sector. Its digital inclusion activities include capacity building and training, as well as awareness raising. The CTU’s feature event, the Caribbean ICT Roadshow takes 10 | P a g e
the form of a series of country visits across the Region and is designed to foster a spirit of innovation in the development of ICT-based practical solutions, to raise ICT awareness and to encourage harmonization of efforts in the adoption of ICT solutions for inclusive economic and social development. The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) also supports regional ICT advancement through its ICT for Development (ICT4D) Programme which has as its primary objective, the transformation of the Community into a knowledge-based society in which ICTs are used as a catalyst for development. The Regional Digital Development Strategy (RDDS), a five-year Strategic Plan, consolidates and guide activities towards regional ICT development. While all of the WSIS outcomes have not been implemented, Caribbean governments are utilising regional bodies to promote ICT4D within countries (through their national ICT plans and strategies) and across the Region through dialogue and engagement with key international actors in the ICT arena.
Enabling Environment The e-Legislative Agenda comprises a critical component of the Enabling Environment within the national ICT landscape. This enabling environment is comprised not only of legislation but also relevant strategies, policies, and regulations in the first instance as well as the allocation of resources; mobilisation of investment; and the establishment of partnerships with key stakeholders including academia and research institutions, industry and civil society at the national, regional and international level. In this regard, the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is actively pursuing an eLegislative and Policy Framework, the components of which are detailed below: National Policy to amend the Telecommunications Act has been completed and approved by the executive and the Telecommunications Amendment Act is currently being finalised for submission to the Legislation Review Committee prior to being laid in Parliament; As a corollary to aforementioned Act, the Universal Service Policy and Draft Regulations have been approved and is currently being finalised to be laid in Parliament for negative resolution; Full proclamation of the Data Protection Act and Electronic Transactions Act is being pursued. These Acts were partially proclaimed in 2011; The National Technical Advisory Committee on Electronic Transactions has been established under the chairmanship of the Ministry of Science and Technology. This standing committee is charged with elaborating the necessary regulations and policies, on an ongoing basis to enable full proclamation of the Electronic Transactions Act and its implementation; Requisite policy and regulatory framework being pursued to provide for the establishment of the Office of the Information Commissioner as well as the full proclamation of the Data Protection Act;
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With a view to elaborating legislation on Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment, the Ministry is in collaboration with the Commonwealth Secretariat to conduct a national ewaste assessment and develop a national e-waste policy and plan for Trinidad and Tobago; Cybercrime and Cybersecurity Agency Bills have been laid in Parliament. Additionally, a Cyber Security Strategy was elaborated and approved in 2012. It is recognised that e-legislation agenda has to be informed by ongoing technological convergence and as such, traditional approaches in elaborating legislation may not always be applicable. Moreover, building awareness among all stakeholders (government, business, academia, civil society and citizens) of their roles and responsibilities in establishing a secure ICT environment is critical in addressing the scepticism of online transactions and the preference among some for face-to-face interactions particularly in conducting business with Government. While there have been developments in the creation of national “netizens” especially among the national business community which appears ready to embrace online transactions, more has to be done to increase usage and update amongst the general population while ensuring that they become creators and innovators rather than consumers only. ICT Applications ICT applications in e-Government, e-business, and the like are yet to be fully realised in Trinidad and Tobago and across the region. All Governments are at the initial stages of the e-government continuum and a lot more needs to be done to achieved true end-to-end service delivery to citizens. e-Health and e-Education The Ministry of Science and Technology (MST) provides policy direction, and ensures coherence between general ICT Policy and activities/processes at the sector level. In this regard, both the Ministry of Health (MoH) and the Ministry of Education (MoE) have been working collaboratively with MST in developing their respective Information Systems in the context of the aforementioned Medium Term Policy Framework and National Development Strategy. ICTs are increasingly being used to deliver health care services in the developing world and Trinidad and Tobago is no exception. MoH has, as a core strategic priority, the integration of ICT into the Health Sector; and MoE is diffusing ICT within its schools and the Ministry through broadband access, on-site wireless connectivity, integrated security surveillance and a video-on demand education content delivery system. e-Government GoRTT strives to leverage opportunities through ICT to improve the quality of services offered to citizens. In its thrust to become more accountable, inclusive and transparent, e-government systems are being utilised to align government’s services more closely with the needs of its citizens. Addressed in the National ICT Plan (2014 – 2018), smarTT, Theme #5: e-Government aims to make government administration more transparent, efficient and accountable, while addressing the needs and expectations of society through citizen-centric services and effective interaction between citizens, businesses and government. The national e-Government agenda aims to create an integrated government; augment operational effectiveness; and improve customer service delivery. Key Imperatives under this Pillar include: Migrating to Transactional e-Services; Collaborating to Implement Shared ICT Systems and Services;
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Building Government Infrastructure to Develop and Support a Vibrant e-Government Ecosystem; and Securing the ICT Environment.
3. How has the implementation of WSIS outcomes contributed towards the development of a “people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society”? Though an active participant in both phases of WSIS (firstly in Geneva in 2003 and then in Tunis in 2005), Trinidad and Tobago’s elaboration of a national ICT agenda was at an embryonic stage at that time. Nonetheless, the immense potential of ICTs for economic, social and political inclusion and growth, and the country’s integration into the global economy was recognised. Thus, for Trinidad and Tobago, participation in WSIS and committing to an agreed set of goals and actions, was of paramount importance having regard to the alignment between the WSIS outcomes and the MDGs as well as the alignment with the country’s national development objectives. Like many other countries, Trinidad and Tobago is being impacted by the exceptional growth of technology on the one hand, and on the other, the ever increasing value of information and knowledge. In response, and with a view to ensuring that the country can derive the fullest benefits from these developments, the National Development Strategy has identified the innovative use and development of ICTs as critical undertakings in establishing a more diversified economy predicated on the country’s continuing integration into the global information and knowledge society. As such, ICT is the fourth of seven development pillars comprising the national development strategy of which the other pillars are: Pillar 1: People-Centred Development Pillar 2: Poverty Eradication and Social Justice Pillar 3: National and Personal Security Pillar 5: A More Diversified, Knowledge Intensive Economy Pillar 6: Good Governance Pillar 7: Foreign Policy Further, in the context of this Development Strategy, the National ICT Plan, smarTT recognizes the significance of ICT as a catalyst in building the country’s innovative capacity and improving economic competitiveness. Trinidad and Tobago is a small state. Moreover, it is designated a small island developing state (SIDS) owing to the inherent vulnerabilities which are characteristic of all states within this grouping. Yet, the objectives of Trinidad and Tobago in leveraging ICT for socio-economic inclusion and national development are very similar to those of many other countries, developing, developed or landlocked. ICT therefore provides the means to an end, that of sustainable development. Thus, the country is pursuing strategies that can result in the realisation of discrete national development goals such as poverty eradication; job creation and the development of a highly skilled workforce, through inter alia, the inculcation of ICT skills and competencies across all groups, inclusive of those previously considered to be unserved; improved personal security and safety; enhanced living standards; and environmental protection. These objectives are reflected in in smarTT which is aimed at addressing deficiencies in access to and usage of ICT, transforming and enabling the ICT sector to become a major contributor to GDP, and improving Trinidad and Tobago’s ranking in key international ICT indices.
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4. a) What are the challenges to the implementation of WSIS outcomes? Some challenges experienced by Trinidad and Tobago include: Absence of Clear Prioritisation and Resource Allocation: The mobilisation and prioritisation of resources have been one of the challenges faces. This is due, in part, to the country’s unique needs as a SIDS which places additional burden on national budgets and thus limits the financial resources available in advancing these goals. Further, efforts to reduce the digital divide vis-à-vis ICT have to be accompanied by other action/activities such as the development of infrastructure and utilities, improvement in social, cultural and educational facilities and provision of adequate health care. These latter areas constitute priority areas for many developing countries including Trinidad and Tobago.
Limited Measurement or Availability of Data (Metrics): Tracking and measurement of ICT activities and their consequent impact on national development are critical if the objective of a knowledge-based society is to be achieved. Measurement and evaluation, based on accurate, relevant and timely statistical information and data, have become key components of evidencebased policy making which in turn impacts the elaboration of development strategies at the national level. This is an area in which Trinidad and Tobago needs to enhance capacity and competence as limited attention has been given to the measurement of progress and the use of metrics to guide the deployment of ICT projects and initiatives.
Absence of Clear Cooperation Mechanisms: Enhanced national, regional and international cooperation with development partners (including international development agencies, donors and the private sector) can provide immense potential for countries which face resource limitations. Realisation of sustainable development goals can be secured through partnerships based upon national ownership, mutual trust, transparency and accountability.
Lack of Trust and Security in the use of ICTs: Elaborated previously at paragraph 3 above. Noted that citizens need to have trust and confidence while online in their daily use of ICTs and the Internet.
Absence of a sufficiently enabling environment for e-business and e-commerce to flourish: Trinidad and Tobago faces some challenges with respect to legislation enacted to govern online transactions as the Data Protection and Electronic Transactions Acts are partially proclaimed and current amendment to the requisite financial legislation provides for e-payments by Government only. b) What are the challenges that have inhibited the emergence of a “people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society”?
Absence of appropriate soft infrastructures (policies, regulations, standards and guidelines) to support implementation of WSIS outcomes and development of Information Society.
Need for enhanced coordination and cooperation among Government agencies in deploying ICT for public sector development. 14 | P a g e
Limited availability of funding for ICT initiatives particularly in the area of infrastructure which require substantial investment. The small/micro enterprise community which constitutes a significant percentage of the business community in SIDS often suffer from a lack of funding to support ICT investments in their enterprises.
Enhanced public education thrust to educate citizens and raise awareness on how to comfortably use and leverage ICTs for their benefit.
Much remains to be done in raising awareness and in educating citizens about Internet Governance (IG), nationally and regionally. This is a crucial prerequisite not only for the realisation of the multi-stakeholder governance model as envisaged in the WSIS Principles, but also for effective participation in international fora. It is acknowledged that an understanding of IG issues will facilitate meaningful participation and contribution to ongoing discussions, thereby increasing the number of opportunities for small country actors to have their views, concerns and interests articulated, and to secure tangible outputs. While there have been several regional capacity building initiatives, there remains a need for greater capacity building and participation in relevant forums in order to enhance stakeholders' understanding of Internet-related issues.
The Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago acknowledges that a “people centred, inclusive and development-oriented Information Society” must have as a critical component the recognition, protection and enforcement of human rights both online and offline. 5. How are these challenges being addressed? What approaches have proved to be effective in your experience? These challenges are being addresses in several ways. Firstly, National ICT Plans over the period sought to make provisions for the inculcation of the requisite skills among the general citizenry through training and human capacity development. Additionally, there is recognition that ICT Policy and Planning is needed across Government ministries to ensure a more cohesive approach to ICT deployment within the Public Sector. Regionally, governments, inclusive of GoRTT, have taken note of key enabling mechanisms such as open-source software, green computing initiatives, and e-government architectures to address the current gaps in ICT development. GoRTT has also adopted a consultative approach by engaging stakeholders from the private sector, academia, civil society, technical communities and citizens in elaborating national ICT policies, strategies and legislation. GoRTT recognises the importance of forging positive regional and international partnerships in advancing its national goals. In this regard, Memoranda of Understanding have been entered into with countries such as Singapore, China, India and the United Kingdom which allow the provision of technical assistance, knowledge transfer and other resources to advance the National ICT Agenda. Furthermore, Trinidad and Tobago, which is often viewed as an ICT leader in the Caribbean Region, is extending assistance to its regional counterparts to advance their national ICT development agendas. Additional measures to address the aforementioned challenges involve leveraging bilateral relationships and membership of regional and international organisations including the Caribbean Telecommunications Organisation (CTU), Caribbean Community (CARICOM), CANTO, CELAC, Organisation of American States (OAS), The Commonwealth, Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation (CTO) and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Additionally, consideration should also be given to 15 | P a g e
establishing a mechanism, at the international level, for the sharing of best practices and lessons learnt in leveraging ICT for development. Other attempts to address challenges at the national level have included: Development of enhanced on-the-ground partnerships through a number of ICT-related collaborative initiatives such as IT Managers for Development (ITM4D), e-Business Roundtable and the hosting of ICT Symposia. Hosting of consultations with key stakeholders to solicit feedback on emerging technologies through the development of position papers, research papers/ white papers/ presentations, etc. Collaboration with captains of the ICT industry (Public/Private/Academia) to assist Government in the development of sound ICT policies and strategies. Establishment of a Ministerial Committee to advance the National ICT Agenda which is aimed at providing requisite governance and guidance on national ICT activities including government-wide projects and initiatives. Hosting of regional forums to discuss ICT implementation challenges and success stories around the region. Identification of the Public, Private Partnership (PPP) model as a means of funding large ICT initiatives/projects/programmes.
6. What do you consider the most important emerging trends in technology and other aspects of ICTs which have affected implementation of WSIS outcomes since the Summit? What has been their impact? For Trinidad and Tobago, the following have been identified as the most important emerging trends in technology and other aspects of ICTs which have positively impacted the implementation of the WSIS outcomes since the Summit: ICT and Gender Mainstreaming It is to be noted that whilst the digital divide is often characterised by low levels of access to technologies as a result of the uneven distribution of the benefits of ICTs within and between countries, GoRTT recognises that there are in fact several elements of this gap, as follows: A Technological Divide – this refers to gaps in infrastructure; A Content Divide – whereby web-based information is simply not applicable to the needs of the people; and A Gender Divide – the disparity which exists between men and women with respect to access, use and knowledge of technology. Research indicates that women are deprived not only economically, but also in terms of information. The Ministry of Science and Technology aims to bridge the gender divide by undertaking initiatives to demonstrate how ICTs can make meaningful changes in the personal and professional development of female citizens. In this regard, the Ministry of Science and Technology has initiated an Annual Women and Girls in ICT Forum which commemorates the ITU’s International Girls in ICT Day, which aims to 16 | P a g e
create a global environment that empowers and encourages girls and young women to consider careers in the growing ICT field. Cloud Computing GoRTT acknowledges that cloud computing holds vast potential and can play a revolutionary role in improving the free flow of information and knowledge throughout society. This area has been identified in smarTT as a critical success factor, and as a key enabler for advancing the national ICT agenda. Cloud Computing can change the way Government leverages technology: at a lower cost, faster rates, and with greener operational efficiency. Cloud computing is evolving and while it may not be an immediate solution for all of government’s computing needs, it may allow GoRTT to reduce major spending on software licenses and other ICT systems, while making more efficient use of staff and resources with a more forward-thinking, environmentally conscious approach. Big Data GoRTT recognises the big data revolution as one which will transform the way in which citizens live and work. It is acknowledged that Government Ministries and Agencies have within them an invaluable untapped asset in the torrents of citizen data flowing through their information systems. In the past, restrictions in computing power and data organisation constrained the ability of governments to structure citizen data in meaningful ways. Today, however, the affordability of data storage and the exponential increase in computing power have effectively removed this barrier. As such GoRTT recognises the value of big data analytics and its potential to transform data that can be used in a myriad of areas from crime prevention to transportation, defence, national security, revenue management, environmental stewardship and social services. Open Government The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), under its approved technical cooperation, “Supporting the Implementation of International Conventions against Corruption”, is providing support to Trinidad and Tobago in accomplishing its Open Government Partnership (OGP) goals. Initiated in February 2012, GoRTT sought the assistance of the IDB in fulfilling its objective of a National OGP Action Plan. Open government is being proposed as a new model of state reform and modernisation of public administration to improve the delivery of services to the public in an equitable and reciprocal manner. It is based on an innovative way of coordinating transparency initiatives, citizen participation, and stakeholder collaboration. The success of open government can be explained, in part, by the emergence of a new type of citizen: one who is more critical, organized, and active—a person who expects greater participation in political decision-making and who is interested in collaborating with government to seek solutions to the problems and needs of the community. Trinidad and Tobago supports this paradigm shift and through the OGP is pursuing transformation of the role of citizens, from that of passive consumers of services to agents of change who can contribute value and knowledge; from having been mere spectators to becoming players increasingly committed to public affairs beyond the electoral process. The desired end result is a model of civic engagement that makes use of social networks and digital technology as 17 | P a g e
catalytic tools, not only to control political leadership, but also to generate new solutions to socially complex problems. In addition, table below provides an overview of these and other trends and their alignment with the respective WSIS Action Lines:
WSIS Objectives C1. The role of public governance authorities and all stakeholders in the promotion of ICTs for development. C2. Information and communication infrastructure.
C3. Access to information and knowledge.
C5.Building confidence and security in the use of ICTs.
Emerging Trends in the National Landscape Development of the National Broadband Plan, as a component of the National ICT Plan (2014-2018), smarTT, seeks to provide internet access to all citizens of Trinidad and Tobago. With a view to increasing the level of competitiveness in the industry, GoRTT, has liberalized the local market, and through the industry’s regulator, the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT) has facilitated the entrance of new service providers. The entrance of these providers has encouraged the introduction of wired and wireless telecommunication services e.g. the laying of fibre and the introduction of 4G services. Such infrastructure has led to the promotion of services such as VOIP/ Over-TheTop (OTT) services. The market has experienced substantial growth in the number of broadband and mobile internet subscribers. The Government has recognized the importance of Broadband as an emerging technology in promoting economic development. The National Broadband Plan is adopting a public/private partnership (PPP) for development and implementation. The National Research and Education Network, a high performance communications network that connects local campus networks to each other, as well as to other research and education networks globally was established in 2012. e-Government - The use of the Internet to access traditional paper-based government services is recognized as an emerging trend under this objective. GoRTT has introduced essential Government services online such as the single electronic window (ttBizLink) and online national library resources. Community Access Centres have been established in identified underserved communities to provide widespread access to ICT services. A corollary to the emergence of new technologies has been the growing threats and negative use/abuse of ICTs including cybercrime. Having approved a Cyber Security Strategy in 2012, Trinidad and Tobago is currently 18 | P a g e
WSIS Objectives
C6. Enabling environment.
C.8 Cultural diversity and identity, linguistic diversity and local content
Emerging Trends in the National Landscape pursuing legislation to address Cybercrime and to establish a Cyber Security Agency aimed at monitoring, mitigating and prevent the occurrence and impact of deleterious cyber activities. Through the provision of the requisite supporting legislation, it is the intention of GoRTT to engender trust and confidence among citizens and businesses. In order to contribute towards an enabling environment GoRTT has liberalized all markets within the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. Examples of markets which have flourished due to emerging trends in technology include the Free to Air Broadcasting markets inclusive of FM and TV. To encourage development of technologies in these markets, TATT has awarded radio frequency spectrum to authorized concessionaires. Technology development in the broadcasting market has led to the development of a Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) framework and implementation plan. To offer consumers greater choice in choosing service providers, a Number Portability Framework and Implementation Plan has been drafted. To benefit the users and providers of ICT services, the ICT community has been assisted in establishing an Internet Exchange Point (IXP) in Trinidad and Tobago which would allow for traffic which originates and ends locally to be routed in Trinidad and Tobago instead of the USA. This has significant cost and speed implications. Broadband as an emerging technology has created an enabling environment for citizens of the country to easily access ICT services particularly among underserved groups such as those in rural communities and persons with disabilities. Consumers and service providers are to be protected from the negative impacts of emerging technologies. Thus, the regulator, TATT, regulator has created a consumer rights and obligations framework with accompanying regulations. To assist in educating the public on the emerging trends in the industry, GoRTT engages in a number of outreach and education initiatives and the regulator, as a line agency of the Ministry of Science and Technology, hosts quarterly ICT fora for interested stakeholders. Granting of incentives and awards for local content creation and expression using ICT such as the i2I (ideas to innovation) competition to encourage the development 19 | P a g e
WSIS Objectives
C9. Media
C.11 International and regional cooperation
Emerging Trends in the National Landscape of ideas with commercial potential. Promoting e-Heritage - the preservation of cultural heritage through digital media; The telecommunications regulator has encouraged the growth of broadcasting media through the award of spectrum to free to air FM and TV concessionaires. Currently Trinidad and Tobago enjoys 38 radio broadcasters, 9 free to air television broadcasters and 10 subscription television broadcasters. With the competition that exists in the broadcasting market, a broadcasting policy is required to regulate the service providers in the industry. Such a broadcasting policy will include a decision on media ownership, local content and Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). There is also need for implementation of an intellectual property rights (IPR) regime and a broadcast code for management of the broadcasting content. A draft policy has been developed and is currently being revised. Government to Government partnerships across the region on key ICT initiatives/issues including Internet Governance, Spectrum Planning/Management and Caribbean ICT Policy Rapid Response. Trinidad and Tobago has been hosting a biennial ICT Business and Innovation Symposium which brings international and regional ICT experts together to discuss trends in ICT development. Owing to the global economic downturn and the impact of the digital revolution, economic diversification is being actively pursued. In this regard, there has been a shift in thinking and planning for sustainable development which incorporates national ICT planning across the region.
Other important emerging trends in technology include: Green initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of IT operations Development of National Broadband Strategies, Cyber Security Strategies, and National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Strategies both nationally and regionally.
7. What should be the priorities for stakeholders seeking to achieve WSIS outcomes and progress towards the Information Society, taking into account emerging trends? It is acknowledged that the first step in seeking to achieve the vision of a “people-centred, inclusive and development-oriented information society” is the deployment of ICT infrastructure, which underpins successful citizen participation in the information society. This includes the deployment of basic network infrastructure across Trinidad and Tobago with particular emphasis on access by underserved groups. 20 | P a g e
With the development of such infrastructure, persons will have access to accessible ICT applications such as FLOSS, cloud computing and low-cost ICT devices. This, in turn, will contribute to securing digital inclusion for all. Additionally, greater attention is to be placed on the drafting and enactment of legislation that will contribute to the creation of an enabling environment. As mentioned above, GORTT is presently working towards the promulgation of the Cyber Crime Bill which will replace the Computer Misuse Act, full proclamation of the Data Protection and Electronic Transaction Acts and other pieces of legislation relevant to ICT development. It is also recognised that there should be focus on e-enabling more of the critical services to which citizens have access such as health and social services. The implementation of universal broadband access also needs to be a high priority. There is, indeed, a high mobile penetration rate, in Trinidad and Tobago and across the Caribbean, which provides an under-utilised avenue for the delivery of government and social services over mobile devices. However, challenges remain with respect to the provision of low-cost broadband Internet access, which serves as a barrier for those members of society who fall below a particular socio-economic stratum. The promotion of universal broadband access is a critical success factor of the National Broadband Plan. GoRTT’s priorities also include standard-setting as regards public policy issues, policy-making, formulation of regulations and guidelines and support for infrastructure development. With respect to the former it is to be noted that it has been agreed that GoRTT will pursue the formalisation of an internal policy model and external relations portfolio to address the public policy aspects aspects of the Internet. As has become customary, the elaboration of the model will be based on a consultative process through which the views and inputs of stakeholders will be garnered.
Other priorities should include: The development of relevant policies and regulatory frameworks that govern the way in which information is stored, shared, etc. which will contribute to building trust and confidence. Monitoring and evaluation of said policies not only for compliance within Government Ministries/Agencies but also with respect to specific metrics to determine the “people” impact. The development of strategic relationships with key stakeholders to advance the national ICT agenda. Capacity building of necessary resources to support implementation of advanced technologies. Establishment of research and testing centres. Conversion of the national ICT plan into actionable and impactful projects. Development of public/private partnerships (PPPs) supported by relevant business groups.
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8. What role should information and communications play in the post-2015 development agenda? The Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago suggests the following for incorporation into the post-2015 WSIS agenda: Clear linkages between the post-2015 sustainable development agenda and the post-2015 WSIS agenda. Target 8 of the MDGs noted the importance of special assistance to Least Developed Countries, Landlocked countries and SIDS and also advocated enhanced cooperation as a means of making the benefits of technology, including ICTs available to all. While such assistance remains very relevant, the cross-cutting impact of ICTs must also be acknowledged. Thus, Trinidad and Tobago advocates strongly for the establishment of direct linkages between the post-2015 WSIS Agenda and the targets of the post 2015 sustainable development agenda as well as the existing MDGs targets. This in our view will identify clearly, ICT’s enabling role for inclusive development across all sectors and all spheres of human activity in keeping with the three primary pillars of sustainable development, namely economic growth, social inclusion and environmental sustainability. Address the development of Mobile Broadband Technology in Developing Countries Mobile broadband has been identified as the fastest growing technology in human history. Its evolution is providing the basis for successfully bridging the digital divide between the connected and the unconnected, within and among countries. There is a strong correlation between investment in broadband deployment and economic development as highlighted by the Broadband Commission. With mobile broadband subscriptions now surpassing fixed broadband worldwide, the opportunities for generating new efficiencies and economies of scale, if combined with requisite organizational changes, can provide lasting economic growth and contribute to the realisation of sustainable development objectives. Enhance coordination among various actors, including regional and international organizations, in developing and implementing Cyber Security (and cybercrime) Strategies and Policies A corollary to the many opportunities brought about by ICTs and the Internet is the presence of risks and threats in cyberspace. These threats are evolving almost at the same rate as the technology itself. This call recognizes WSIS Action Line C5 which underscores the importance of building safety and confidence in the use of ICTs. For Trinidad and Tobago, cyber security is part of the enabling framework for ICT, and the creation of a secure digital environment will facilitate those actions and activities that can contribute to ICT growth and development. Thus, the establishment of formal mechanisms that will lessen or avoid duplication among the work streams of organisations which provide technical assistance and active coordination in the area of Cyber Security and cybercrime is strongly advocated. For small states such as Trinidad and Tobago, attempting to address such work streams and organisations can be as great a strain on limited resources as addressing the issue itself. Furthermore, given the pervasive and 22 | P a g e
borderless nature of criminal activity in cyberspace, regional coherence and collaboration is viewed as ensuring more balanced treatment of the issues within and across regions. Improved capacity building to facilitate active participation in ICT public policy decisionmaking forums Public Policy related aspects of ICT and the Internet are being discussed on an ongoing basis in various forums. However, small states in particular are either un-represented or under-represented at these decision-making meetings yet their outcomes can have far-reaching consequences for their individual development. While ICTs have facilitated the development and offer of distance learning courses, such activities are often disconnected from the diverse areas in which public policy is addressed. Similarly, remote participation has served as a useful tool but there have been shortcomings in facilitating the meaningful participation of small states.
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APPENDIX I
Key Achievements under fastforward, National ICT Plan, 2003-2008 In 2003, the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GoRTT) developed a National ICT Plan, fastforward, which entailed an ambitious work-plan of fourteen (14) programmes, covered critical spheres of interest: Programme 1: ICT Governance Programme 2: Promotion and Awareness Programme 3: Community Connections Programme 4: Knowledge, Innovation and Development (KID) Programme 5: National Archives and Library Net Programme 6: ICT Human Capital Development Programme 7: ICT Sector Development Programme 8: Growing the e-Marketplace Programme 9: Public sector ICT Reform Programme 10: e-Government Programme 11: e-Health Programme 12: e-Justice Programme 13: Broadband Strategy Programme 14: Legislative Review and Reform Its implementation positively impacted the then national development goals in the areas outlined below. I. Goal 1: Developing Innovative People and Nurturing a Caring Society Through implementation of the SchoolNet initiative, over 100 public schools in Trinidad and Tobago were connected via high-speed Internet service. The SchoolNet project was part of the Knowledge, Innovation and Development (KID) programme. Implementation of the LibraryNet initiative through which all libraries were equipped with computers and free high-speed Internet access, and all librarians were trained on ICT usage. II. Goal 2: Enabling Competitive Business Establishment of the e-Business Roundtable to drive ICT transformation in the private sector and electronic interaction within Government. Establishment and operation of smeXchange, an online marketplace to facilitate transactions amongst Small and Medium Enterprises. III. Goal 3: Investing in Sound Infrastructure and the Telecommunications Environment Liberalization of the telecommunications sector and establishment in July 2004 of the Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago (TATT) which functions as an independent regulatory body responsible for the liberalization and regulation of the telecommunications and broadcasting sectors. - Since TATT’s establishment, broadband prices have decreased by 75 per cent, the mobile phone penetration rate has risen to over 140 per cent and broadband penetration continues to climb steadily with an 89 per cent increase in subscriber growth during the period 2006 to 2011. IV. Goal 4: Promoting Effective Government Delivery of the award winning ttconnect, an e-Government portal (ttConnect), which provides citizens with information on over 400 government services. A more connected government to enable inter/intra intra-ministerial communications and information sharing through GovNeTT, the Government Wide Area Network. 24 | P a g e
APPENDIX II
Alignments between WSIS Action Lines and smarTT, the National ICT Plan 2014-2018 WSIS ACTION LINE C1: The role of government and all stakeholders in the promotion of ICTs for development 1.1. The e-Business Roundtable The e-Business Roundtable, which was established in 2006, is a partnership between the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GoRTT) and key private sector leaders, which aims to provide strategic recommendations in the following areas: • Business e-Transformation • e-Business Policy Development • e-Business Promotion • Government Online • Human Capital Development • Investment Climate Optimization This successful collaboration, between the private sector and GoRTT, has allowed for greater alignment between private sector business objectives, and the country’s broader economic development goals.
1.2. A Converged ICT Sector Policy and Corresponding Sector Law Trinidad and Tobago is in the process of setting up a robust policy and legislative environment that will support a thriving ICT sector. Critical pieces of legislation such as the Cybercrime and Cyber Security Agency Bills, the Data Protection Act, the Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Transfer of Funds Crime Act, the Exchequer and Audit Act, and the Telecommunications Act are being given the utmost priority.
1.3 National Integrated Business Incubation System (IBIS) Programme The IBIS Programme, which was established in 2011, aims to encourage the creation of competitive and innovative micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The programme offers interventions to address problems typically faced by MSEs, such as prohibitive overhead costs, technology and information deficiencies, insufficient funding, and low levels of ‘best-practice’ acumen. It also provides business development support; infrastructure, operational and financial assistance; as well as mentoring and networking opportunities.
WSIS ACTION LINE C2: Information and communication infrastructure: an essential foundation for the Information Society 2.1. Public Private Partnership (PPP) for National Broadband Backbone (wired) A Public Private Partnership (PPP) is being pursued for a wired National Broadband Backbone that will accommodate increases in traffic at speeds of 10 Mbps and above. It is anticipated that the backbone will improve broadband access and transmission, and in conjunction with the planned Alternative Submarine 25 | P a g e
Landing Station, IXP, and Root Server, it will comprise a fundamental component of Trinidad and Tobago’s planned medium term ICT infrastructure expansion initiative.
2.2. The Internet Exchange Point (IXP) In April 2013, Trinidad and Tobago established its first Internet Exchange Point (IXP). This IXP will allow for -: • Reduction of the average per-bit delivery cost of an Internet Service Provider’s (ISP’s) service • Reduced latency for local traffic • Improved download speeds for locally hosted content such as online video, radio, games and other applications • Improved Fault Tolerance as the increased number of paths ‘learnt’ through the IXP will result in greater routing efficiency • Higher availability of local bandwidth • Improved security for local data transfers • Improved Quality of Service (QOS) and network performance
2.3. The Root Server Given Trinidad and Tobago’s thrust to develop the local Internet economy, incoming and outgoing traffic volumes are expected to significantly increase, and as a result, Domain Name Server (DNS) queries, from locally originating traffic, are likely to rise. Therefore, the country is in the process of installing a Root Server that will allow for -: • Resolution of all DNS queries in a shorter timeframe • Reduction in latency as the resolution of requests for IP addresses will be done locally • In the event of failure, the international connections, resolution of local IP addresses will still be available • Savings in transit costs for Internet Service Providers (ISPs) as DNS queries can be done locally • Other Caribbean countries to send their DNS queries to the Root Server in Trinidad and Tobago, rather than the root name servers in the United States, or elsewhere
2.4. Foundation Services Infrastructure (FSI) – Middleware Trinidad and Tobago is in the process of implementing an end-to-end platform (Middleware) through which Government Ministries and Agencies can re-use common infrastructure and systems to rapidly develop, deploy and operate their e-Services. The Middleware will comprise the hardware and software to establish; (i) authentication and single sign-on service, (ii) a payment gateway service and reconciliation, (iii) Data exchange service, and (iv) SMS service.
WSIS ACTION LINE C3: Access to Information and Knowledge 3.1 Community Based ICT Access Centres (Star.tt) The Star.tt initiative is aimed at improving access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) among underserved communities through user-friendly centres, which provide free Internet, ICT and ICTenabled training, voice and video conferencing, and other ICT dependent services. It is envisioned that these centres will resolve current challenges within underserved communities relating to accessibility of technology, government e-services etc. 26 | P a g e
3.2. TTRENT-National Research and Education Network (NREN) The National Research and Education Network, a high performance communications network that connects local campus networks to each other, as well as to other research and education networks globally was established in 2012.
3.3. Data.TT Data.TT an open data repository, which is free for re-use and republishing, was made available to the citizens of Trinidad and Tobago in 2012. Users can access agriculture, fisheries, as well as weather statistics/information via the site.
3.4 Knowledge.tt Knowledge TT an initiative geared towards providing free and open access to world-class, locallyrelevant learning resources; through non-traditional learning channels was launched in June, 2014
WSIS ACTION LINE C4: Capacity Building 4.1. National ICT Education Policy The National ICT Education Policy, which is currently under review, establishes a framework for the use of ICT as a vehicle for transforming the education system. The policy aims to enhance capacity by (i) strengthening the teaching/learning environment; (ii) creating an environment that encourages creativity, innovation, critical thinking and decision making; and (iii) facilitating the development of partnerships between schools and stakeholders.
4.2. Microsoft IT Academy Microsoft IT Academy program, a certification initiative that provides industry-leading technology training to local teachers was made available in June, 2014
4.3. Smart Classroom Pilot Initiative In September 2014, Trinidad and Tobago launched its Smart Classroom initiative which will introduce students to cutting edge technology and classroom management software. This is the first of its kind in the Caribbean. Twenty (20) schools (10 primary level and 10 secondary level) have been selected to be a part of the pilot.
4.4. The e-Connect and Learn or e-CAL Initiative In 2011, the e-Connect and Learn (e-CAL) initiative was implemented. Through this initiative over 17,000 laptops are distributed annually to students entering secondary school.
4.5. The Schools’ Connectivity Programme Started in 2011, the Schools’ Connectivity Programme allows for-: • Pervasive WiFi access at schools throughout Trinidad and Tobago • IP Security Surveillance systems for all schools with centralized monitoring • An Education Content Delivery Management System
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4.6. CARIRI CED Initiative In 2013, the Centre for Enterprise Development (CED) was established in Trinidad by the Caribbean Industrial Research Institute (CARIRI) with the primary purpose of building capacity and capability for enterprise creation, consistent with Government’s strategic priorities of Economic Growth, Job Creation, Competitiveness and Innovation. The CED includes business and technology incubator facilities, and an ICT Centre which provides both accommodation and technical business advisory support services to individuals and enterprises.
WSIS ACTION LINE C5: Building confidence and security in the use of ICTs 5.1. Cybercrime Bill Trinidad and Tobago has developed a Cybercrime Bill which will replace the country’s Computer Misuse Act, thereby ensuring:(a) That offences related to cybercrime are criminalized in line with; (i) the national security objectives of Trinidad and Tobago, (ii) regional standards intending to harmonize policies, and legislation in the Caribbean region, as well as (ii) international best practice (b) That mechanisms are instituted that will enable law enforcement agencies and other authorities to effectively investigate cybercrimes while protecting the fundamental rights of Internet users (c) That electronic evidence gathered in the process of investigating a cybercrime can be used in the prosecution of offences and can be rendered admissible before a court of law (d) That business and institutions offering essential services, involving connecting users and businesses to the Internet, find an environment that precisely defines obligations as well as restricts the liability with regard to crimes committed by their users, and (e) That Trinidad and Tobago can efficiently and effectively respond to requests for mutual legal assistance
5.2 Information Security Policies Trinidad and Tobago is in the process of strengthening its national Information Security Policies to ensure alignment with ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO/IEC 27002 standards.
WSIS ACTION LINE C6: Enabling Environment 6.1. Migration to IPv6 In February 2014, an IPv6 study on the readiness of the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) was conducted, as a precursor to this essential migration.
6.2 Gigabit Communities In January 2014, the Gigabit Community initiative was launched, which aims to provide households with gigabit connections at 1,000 megabits. The objective is to provide a catalyst for higher rates of selfemployment, greater efficiency through telecommuting, and increased local commerce.
6.3 e-Government Knowledge and Brokering Programme The e-Government Knowledge and Brokering Programme commenced in 2009. It was undertaken to promote more effective use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) in the public sector, in support of a more efficient, responsive and transparent Government. Most recently, activities completed under this initiative included: 28 | P a g e
Re-engineering of processes at the Ministry of Health Design of an electronic document management system for the Service Commission Department Completion of the e-Parliament Draft Plan
6.4 TTBizLink TTBizLink is a trade facilitation tool that aims to transform local business and trade by enabling online transactions in an efficient and secure environment. It now offers twenty-six (26) different e-government services with interconnectivity to more than a dozen Government departments. Over one thousand (1,000) businesses and individuals are active users. Persons are able to complete the documentation for Work Permits, Import/Export Permit and Licenses, Company Registration and Goods Declaration electronically.
WSIS ACTION LINE C7: ICT Applications: Benefits in all Aspects of Life 7.1. Integrated Social Enterprise Management System The Integrated Social Enterprise Management System initiative aims to facilitate more effective social services delivery through the implementation of a core Social Enterprise Management Solution that will support: • A biometric “smart card” • Data conversion and migration • Automation of the Conditional Cash Transfer Programme • Implementation of the Electronic Payment Exchange System
WSIS ACTION LINE C8: Cultural Diversity and Identity, Linguistic Diversity and Local Content 8.1. The Carnival Hub In 2010, the ICT Innovations for the Development of the Masquerade Industry of Trinidad and Tobago Programme was established to promote the globalization of the Masquerade Industry of Trinidad and Tobago. The Carnival Hub has been the primary online platform used to achieve this objective. The hub provides access to pertinent facts on the industry, vendor information, as well as a database of skilled labor.
WSIS ACTION LINE C9: Media 9.1 Digitization of GoRTT’s Media Assets In 2013, the Government acquired a Media Migration Solution to organize, preserve and provide ready online access to its media resources.
WSIS ACTION LINE C10: Ethical dimensions of the Information Society There is currently no activity being undertaken in this area though it is the intention of GoRTT to begin work soon 29 | P a g e
