el dia diez de Nouiembre deste año, en accion de gracias por el feliz sucesso de la milagrosa victoria, que contra las
SEVILLIAN CELEBRATIONS FOLLOWING THE BATTLE OF VIENNA
1. [ANON.]. Gloriosos progressos, y felizes victorias que han conseguido las armas Christianas, contra el podor Mahometano. Por las armas del invicto el señor emperador de Alemania, y el señor rey de Polonia, y principes, y señores de la liga sagrada. Vá compuesto por diarios de todo lo que vá sucediendo de dia à dia, desde el año de 1683 hasta primeros de 1684 con los sermones que se han predicado en las suntuosas fiestas que la muy noble, y muy mas leal ciudad de Sevilla le ha hecho este año de 1683. Diario primero, y segundo [this second part wanting] [- Diario treze]. Seville, Tomàs Lopez de Haro, 1683-1684. [bound with:] ALCAZAR Y ZUNIGA, Juan Antonio. Panegyrico historial, y exhortacion gratulatoria, en la solemnissima festividad, que consagrò à dios sacramentado la santa iglesia metropolitana, y patriarcal de Seuilla el dia diez de Nouiembre deste año, en accion de gracias por el feliz sucesso de la milagrosa victoria, que contra las armas Otomanas obtuvieron las cesareas, y Catolicas, auxiliadas del señor rey de Polonia, y governadas por el señor duque de Lorena, sobre Viena restaurada ... Seville, Juan Vejarano, 1683. [and:] PARDO, Francisco. Sermon predicado en el religiosissimo colegio del angel, de la esclarecida familia de Carmelitas descalcos ... por ... Francisco Pardo, prior en su convento de Santa Maria de Monte-Sion ... en la suntuosa festividad, que el dia Jueves 11 de Noviembre deste año 1683 celebrò el real acuerdo de la real audiencia de esta ciudad ... en accion de gracias por la feliz victoria de la armas imperiales, Polacas, y Catolicas, contra las lunas Otomanas, en el sitio de Viena ... Seville, Juan Antonio Tarazona, [c. 1683]. [and:] CARMONA, Bartolomè de. Oracion panegyrica, y historial, en las mas plausible fiesta, que consagro al verdadero dios de los exercitos, trino, y uno la siempre nobilissima, y piadosissima hermandad de la caridad de Sevilla, en accion de gracias, por el mas milagroso triunfo,
que contra el arrogante poder Otomano, configuieron las armas catolicas sobre el cerco de Viena ... Seville, Tomàs Lopez de Haro, 1683.
Four works in one vol., the first in nine parts, 4to, pp. 23, [1], ff. 6, pp. 11, [1 blank], 8, 16, 16, 16, 8, 16, 12; [viii], 30; 32; [vi], 18; the first work wanting the Diario segundo; titles within borders of type ornaments, woodcut initials and tail-pieces, text of final work in two columns; occasional very light foxing, a few ink stains; very good copies in contemporary limp vellum, remains of ties, ink lettering to spine; cockled and stained, upper hinge detached from spine; a few old marginalia. £1500 Extremely scarce collection of works published in Seville marking the victory of the Habsburg Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Holy Roman Empire against the Ottomans at the Battle of Vienna in September 1683, after the city had been besieged for two months, and recording the aftermath of the victory as the Christian allies pursued the Ottoman troops into Hungary. The first work comprises nine Diarios providing ‘nuevas ordinarias del norte’ and details of the ‘guerra sagrada contra Turcos’ up to the end of January 1684, including details of troop numbers, copies of letters to and from John III Sobieski, king of Poland, and verses in honour of Sobieski, Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, and others. The following three works bear witness to the celebrations which took place in Seville following the ‘mas milagroso triunfo’ against the ‘arrogante poder Otomano’. All the works collected here are rare. Of the Diarios we can find no copies of the first part on OCLC, and only copies of part 3 at the British Library, and of parts 5, 11 and 12, and 13 at the Universidad de Sevilla. OCLC records only one US copy of the Panegyrico historial (at Binghamton) and no UK or US copies of the Sermon predicado and Oracion panegyrica.
2. [BANK OF ENGLAND]. Copy of the Charter of the Corporation of the Governor and Company of the Bank of England. [27 July 1694]. London, J. Bell, 1788.
3. BERTELLI, Francesco. Il carnevale italiano mascherato ove si veggono in figura varie invenzione di capritii. [Venice], Fra(nces)co Bert(ell)i, 1642.
8vo, pp. 84; a very good copy, bound with many quires of blank leaves in contemporary polished calf, rebacked. £650
16 engraved plates including title page; plates 110 x 90 mm, mounted on sheets 145 x 105 mm; a few plates torn at margin with loss, sometimes affecting the engraved area. £5800 + VAT in the E.U.
The Bank of England charter, the second oldest such charter in the world, enjoyed a few reissues (all of which are now very scarce) in the eighteenth century, a momentous period in the life of this institution. It was then that the notion and reality of National Debt arose, the Bank of England being the entity called upon to manage it; and the 1781 charter renewal had also sanctioned its role as the bankers’ bank – keeping enough gold to pay its notes on demand. This copy was bound with numerous blank quires at the end, evidently for an owner who might have wanted to integrate the text with annotations of his own. ESTC T34129.
Second edition. The first series of engravings devoted exclusively to the masquerades performed during the Venetian Carnival, first published circa 1610. A wonderful set of prints depicting various Italian characters in carnival costumes and masks, and caricaturing figures of everyday life: Mattaccino; Pantalone; Coviello; Zanni; Burattino; Ferrarese; Bullo; Cingana, gypsies; Viloti, peasants; Maschera da Vechia, the old woman; Maschera da Povereto, the beggar; Petegola the gossip; musicians; and a crude caricature of two Jews with long-nosed masks, holding account books in their hands. A number of the plates are based on engravings from Pietro Bertelli’s Diversarum nationum habitus, published between 1589 and 1597. This is an important and appealing documenting of the Venetian Carnival, among the most famous in Europe as much for the beauty of its masks and its splendour as for its transgression and looseness. The plates are also important for the history of costume and musical instruments, perfectly depicting the costumes and instruments used in Bertelli’s time: a musician with a lute serenading two women on a balcony; a masked musician playing a Colascione and another playing the guitar; Bragato playing a viol overarm. Francesco Bertelli was active in Padua in the first half of the seventeenth century. His father was the publisher Pietro Bertelli.
Very rare. Only a few copies have appeared at auction in at least thirty years. It is difficult to determine with certainty the composition of the suite. Numbers of plates vary from copy to copy: 24 plates in the Colas, Lipperheide and Metropolitan Museum of Art copies; 28 plates in the Museo Correr in Venice, the most complete known set. The British Museum locates one series of 14 loose impressions and a further nine plates inserted at the end of the parte prima of Francesco Scotti’s Itinerario, published by Francesco Bolzetta in Vicenza in 1638-39. Colas 317; Lipperheide, 3168; Metropitan Museum of art 2009.456; British Museum 1972, U.265.1-166 (book) and 1881,1008.80 (loose plates); cf. Lina Padoan, Il carnevale veneziano nelle maschere incise da Francesco Bertelli (Polifilo, 1986).
PUTTING RITES TO RIGHTS
4. [CATHOLIC CHURCH.] Sacra Congregatione Rituum Emo et Rmo D. Cardinali Corsini ponente Civitatis Castellanae praeeminentiarum … Rome, Typis Lazzarini, 1778-1783. Folio, pp. XLIII, 594 (numbered in manuscript), comprising 38 printed items (a few with contemporary annotations) and a few leaves of contemporary and early 19th-century manuscript (some slightly frayed at fore-edge), including a list of contents; woodcut vignettes to some titles; very crisp and clean overall; in contemporary carta rustica, title in manuscript to spine; inscription inside lower cover ‘San Andrea ...’. £850 An extraordinary set of printed pamphlets, all apparently unrecorded on OCLC, recording the deliberations and decisions of the Sacra Rituum Congregatio (Sacred Congregation of Rites) in a long-running dispute over rites and privileges, concerning processions and burials, between the church of Sant’ Andrea and the neighbouring churches of San Vittore and of the Madonna del Ruscello in Vallerano, in the province of Viterbo, northwest of Rome. The judicial wrangling was overseen by Cardinal Andrea Corsini (1735-1795) of Civita Castellana, prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, who had sat on the committee for the suppression of the Jesuits in 1773. Created in 1588, the Sacra Rituum Congregatio operated until 1969, and this sammelband provides a fascinating insight into its extraordinarily thorough deliberations in the late eighteenth century. The inscription inside the lower cover suggests that this set belonged to the church of Sant’ Andrea itself. The church was represented in the dispute by its head, Joannes Antonio Rossetti, acting against the curate of San Vittore, Victor Purchiaroni, and the sexton of the Chiesa della Madonna del Ruscello, Hieronymus Janni. There are two letters marked ‘A’, dated 1809, and ‘B’, dated 1808, in
two different hands, bound at the end of the volume. These concern requests made by the parishioners of San Vittore that preaching during Easter and Advent be restored to their church, both denied. Letter ‘A’ details the Sub-prefect’s plans to take someone to court for their ‘inadmissible’ and dishonourable behaviour: preaching against the ruling of the Congregation and sowing quarrels amongst the populace. A full list of contents is available on request.
IN A CONTEMPORARY SEMI-SOMBRE MOROCCO BINDING
5. CHARLES I, King of England – Εικων Βασιλιχη. The Pourtraicture of his Sacred Majestie in his Solitudes and Sufferings. [?London: John Grismond ?for Richard Royston], ‘1648’ [i.e. February 1649]. 8vo, pp. [8], 269, [1], [2]; woodcut title-ornament and initial, typeornament headband, double-page engraved frontispiece by William Marshall [Madan 1, second state]; some light browning, a few light spots, some light wear on margins for first and last quires, frontispiece cropped at head and with short tear on fold; contemporary full English black morocco gilt, the boards with borders of double gilt rules with floral cornerpieces, spine divided into compartments by double gilt rules, gilt-ruled board-edges, all edges gilt; a little rubbed, lacking endpapers, otherwise a very good copy; provenance: scored-through words on front flyleaf – Trattle (late 18th-/early 19th-century name on p. 1, possibly a member of the Trattle family, Isle of Wight) – Roach, Redway (early-19th-century inscription on p. 1, presumably a member of the Roach family of Redway, Isle of Wight) – loosely-inserted, late 19th-/early 20th-century manuscript note on the work. £650 Third (second published) edition, most probably published in the same month as the first edition. Presented as the spiritual autobiography of King Charles I, Eikon Basilike is now generally believed to have been compiled by the bishop of Worcester, John Gauden (1599/1600?-1662), from writings by the king. The first edition was set up shortly before the king’s execution on 30 January 1649, but the authorities became aware of it and raided the press, apparently destroying the entire edition. Royston then transported the printing operation to a location outside London and printed another edition, the first published edition, which may have been available on the day of the king’s death, and was certainly in circulation during the first weeks of February. Such was its popularity that this edition (the third to be
printed, but the second to be issued) was printed shortly afterwards by Grismond ‘doubtless for the same publisher, Richard Royston […] evidently the production was hurried, in order to satisfy an urgent demand. This edition […] must have appeared in or about the second half of February 1648/9’ (Madan). This copy survives in a contemporary semi-sombre binding of black morocco, and in this example the heading of the contents is misprinted ‘Contens’, which Madan notes occurs ‘in some copies’. Almack 4; Madan 2.
6. [ETON COLLEGE.] PRESCOT, Henry Kelsall, Assistant Master and Librarian. Photographs of Eton College, a presentation album wedding gift. 1933-36. 17 gelatin silver print photographs, ranging from 5 x 6 inches (12.6 x 15.1 cm) to 7 ⅞ x 5 ⅞ inches (20.1 x 15 cm), each mounted within a neatly ruled border on rectos of thick, hand-made paper and captioned beneath in pencil; untrimmed, occasional tarnishing to edges of prints; bound in the original pink cloth with Eton College arms embossed in gilt on upper board; cloth a little faded and marked, rubbed at corners with some loss at head and foot of spine, but overall impression good; dedication inscription ‘A. A. M. from P. K. H., February 8th 1936’ on front free endpaper, manuscript letter dated 9th Feb loosely inserted. £700 A finely presented photograph album compiled by Henry Kelsall Prescot, assistant master and later librarian at Eton 1930-67, as a wedding gift. The format of the album suggests that for Prescot, or a possible other compiler, photography was a serious pursuit and they took as much care over the presentation of the photographs as those exhibiting at photographic societies at that time. The Etonian subjects indicate a recipient who was a colleague or perhaps a student of Prescot. Several images depict a dance or ball at Eton in July 1933, which might have held some significance to ‘Anthony’, the recipient, or perhaps to his new wife. We have been so far unable to identify Anthony. The Willowbrook address, the masters’ residence at Eton, is featured in the letterhead of the illustrated manuscript note, which bemoans wedding presents that arrive before or at weddings as ‘more bother than they are worth’ (and so explains the discrepancy between the date on the endpaper and the letter), and suggests that Anthony might instead appreciate it on his return from honeymoon. The information available to us on Prescot, though limited, does give a
sense of his personality: ‘Henry Kelsall Prescott [sic] (“KP”) was born on October 5, 1898, the son of a solicitor with a practice in Bombay and was appointed to the staff at Eton College in September 1930. A lifelong abstainer and nonsmoker, [KP] was an enthusiast of powerful vintage motor cars including an open 50-hp Mercedes (known to the boys as “Goering” from its supposed provenance). For most of his life … [KP] tended to be alarmed by women, and might cross the road to avoid confronting a colleague’s wife, especially if she were pushing a pram. It was not until his ninth decade that his manner became more relaxed’. In 1958 he retired but within a few months he was recalled for a further 10 years after the sudden death of the college librarian. ‘Security was then uncomplicated: at the end of each half, acting on the provost’s instructions, [KP] would trundle the Gutenberg Bible down to the bank in a wheelbarrow, and then back again for the following half’ (Andrew Kelsall Pearson). Pearson’s attitude to wives taken into consideration, the final comment in the manuscript note carries a note of melancholy: ‘I do hope that you won’t forget me if you come down here to see your friends. Meantime I wish you both all possible happiness, and look forward to seeing you at your greater leisure sometime in the fairly near future. Thine, Prescot’. A full list of titles is available on request.
THE MADEIRA TRADE – STAVES FROM HAMBURG, WHEAT FROM NEW YORK, MAPS, SILVER AND SOFAS FROM LONDON
7. [GORDON OF LETTERFOURIE.] A substantial archive relating to the trade network of the Scottish merchants James and Alexander Gordon, of Letterfourie, Banffshire, which was based around Madeira and the West Indies. London, Madeira, New York etc. 1760-1780s. c. 190 items, part-printed or manuscript, including 160+ accounts payable (London, Hamburg), 3 bills of lading (New York, 1769 and Hamburg, 1770), 21 bills of exchange (mostly New York, but also Newfoundland and Virginia, 1765-1779), and a small amount of correspondence; the accounts payable mostly docketed on the verso with the vessel used for transport, and countersigned to acknowledge receipt of payment; folded, in fine condition. £6500 + VAT in the E.U. A fine and fascinating commercial archive. The British dominated the trade in wine from Madeira in the eighteenth century, benefitting from the island’s use as a stopping point en route to the Americas and India, and from long-standing alliances between Britain and Portugal. The Gordons were major players, operating a complex trade bringing in dry goods from the Baltic, the British Isles, and North America, and shipping Madeira wine to the West Indies and Britain. Success was great enough for James Gordon to have a country house designed by Robert Adam built at Letterfourie. A major Jacobite Scottish family – Alexander fought as one of Bonnie Prince Charlie’s bodyguards at Culloden before going into exile in France – the Gordons entered the Madeira trade only in 1730, when James Gordon began operations with a Galway merchant William Halloran (d. 1758). His brother Alexander (1715-1797) joined him from France at some point, and was left to run the island business in 1760 when James returned to build trade in London. Alexander himself returned to London in 1769, by which time he had been joined on the island by his nephews James and Robert Duff, also of Banffshire.
The Gordons operated a careful business, with as little speculation as possible; they did not sell wine on their own account, but rather exploited their aristocratic social networks to solicit firm orders for large quantities – a pipe (110 gallons) minimum – paid for in advance. Customers included the Duke of Gordon and the Earl of Fife in Scotland, and in London the Duke of Portland, Metholds wine merchants, the St James Coffee House and the London Tavern. From the present archive we can add Thomas Seward of Lichfield, the friend of Samuel Johnson and father of the poet Anna Seward, whose receipt of a pipe of wine is signed February 1777, ‘but as three Gentlemen join with me in the Purchase I have not yet pegged it’.
The bills payable here (some 160+ items) provide evidence of outgoings in many fields of the family business. The Madeira trade required heavy investment in raw materials for barrels – the Gordons favoured staves and iron hoops from Hamburg, but dealt with a wide range of providers (Trinder and Halford, Thomas Allen, Ingham and Foster, John Chippindale, Christian Heineken …) as well as employing London workers to refurbish old pipes. The pipes could either be sent as parts and assembled on the island, or shipped containing other commodities in demand there, such as flax, flour and wheat (all in evidence here in large quantities). If shipped as parts, there was room for other dry goods, most frequently cloth, but the Gordons also acted as agents for the import of goods as various as sofas (a bill from John Baillie in 1773 itemises 4 large mahogany sofa trains, 168 pounds hair, 4500 nails, workmanship, 328 ft of packing case etc), silver plate (£45 worth for the magistrate or coregedor Dr. Antonio Botelho Guedes), even green tea, as well as small parcels or trunks of sundries (e.g. a box of colours for drawing, bathing caps, 24 political magazines, and a gold-headed cane for Henry Ogilvie in 1781). The running of the business also had its requirements, and there are half a dozen invoices for stationery, including quires of paper, ledgers, bills of lading, and pens, as well as Wedgwood ink-stands. A long invoice for clothing to be shipped on the Thames in 1772 (one of several such) includes fine suits and waistcoats for the Duffs and for another business partner, Daniel Henry Smith, as well as livery and epaulets ‘for Black Servt Francis’ and ‘for Black Boy’; another is for ‘50 Blue Fearnothing Jackets [a sturdy wool for sailor’s clothing] well made & 44 inches long’. Beyond physical commodities there are bills for brokerage, portage and shipping, provisions, and insurance premiums (on voyages between London, Madeira, Honduras, the Leeward Islands etc). A long statement on account tallies the disbursements due to Joseph English as captain of the Dreadnought, a privateer out of Bristol, as of 23 July 1760. Another fascinating invoice is from one Cartwright for an elaborate meal on board the Hastings at Blackwell in 1783 – a former East Indiaman,
the ship was sold for breaking up in this year. He was due £15/4/11 for the affair, which comprised 13 dishes in the first course, including ‘Ham a la Braize’, ‘Fricandaux’, and ‘Lamb Jardineer’; and a second course of 11 dishes, including wild pigeon, teal and crayfish. His wife was owed for tableware and crockery. There are three invoices of bibliophilic interest too: one from Cadell in 1781 for ‘1 Gibbon vol 2nd & 3rd Boards £2 2’; one from Nourse in the same year for a Spanish Dictionary [Barretti?] and a grammar; and one from Sayer and Bennett for 2 sets of world maps (4 sheets each) at £3 12, maps of Jamaica and the Leeward Islands, and a general atlas [Kitchin?]. See Alistair Mutch, ‘Europe, the British Empire and the Madeira Trade: Catholicism, Commerce and the Gordon of Letterfourie Network c.1730-c.1800’, in Northern Scotland 7, 2016.
RARE ON NATIVE AMERICANS
8. GROSSI, Vincenzo. Fra i Pelli-Rosse d’America: curiosità etnografiche. Turin, La Letteratura, 1888. 8vo, pp. 25, [3]; some light foxing, but a very good copy in the original printed paper wrappers; old library shelfmark label across the foot of the spine. £300 Very rare only edition of a pamphlet about native peoples of North America by the ethnographer and geographer Grossi. His overview concentrates primarily on funeral rites and dances, on poetry, narrative and songs, of which he cites several examples undoubtedly for the first time translating them into Italian. OCLC lists 2 copies (Rice and Yale); not in COPAC. See European Review of Native American Studies (1990), vol. 4-6, p. 6.
‘THE PLEASURE OF COLLECTING CLASSICS, LIKE OTHER PLEASURES, MAY BE CARRIED TO RIDICULOUS AND CRIMINAL EXTRAVAGANCE’
9. HARWOOD, Edward. A view of the various editions of the Greek and Roman classics, with remarks ... The fourth edition. To which is added, a view of the prices of the early editions of the classics, at the sale of the Pinellian Library. London, G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1790. 12mo, pp. [2], xxvii, [1], 340, [8]; a very good, crisp and clean copy; contemporary calf, recently rebacked with neat repairs to corners and edges, gilt spine, red morocco lettering-piece; numerous pencil and ink annotations to endpapers and text, newspaper cutting (‘Printers and printing’) to rear pastedown; faint ownership inscription in pencil to front flyleaf (‘J. E. Rose’?). £450 The ‘greatly improved and enlarged’ fourth edition of Harwood’s classic work, dedicated to his collaborator, the book collector Michael Wodhull, with annotations by an evidently knowledgeable bibliophile owner. Presbyterian minister and biblical scholar, Harwood (1729-1794) was a prolific writer, but it was this work, first published in 1775, that contributed most to his scholarly reputation, being translated into both German and Italian. In addition to the valuable bibliographical content, the preface is an enjoyable read: ‘The pleasure of collecting classics, like other pleasures, may be carried to ridiculous and criminal extravagance ... Of this species of intemperance, I frankly acknowledge, I have formerly been guilty ... It is agreeable to investigate the history of a scarce book, and to follow it in its transmission from age to age, and behold the different value it acquires in migrating through a variety of hands.’ This copy is considerably enhanced by annotations by a 19th-/early 20th-century owner correcting and supplementing Harwood’s text and adding prices fetched at auction. Items in the annotator’s own collection are occasionally given a shelfmark (e.g. ‘I6’) or location (‘Stairs’), and he records his ownership of ‘Harwood’s own copy’ of the 1681 edition of Ammianus Marcellinus, for example. His annotations at the end
cover the care of books (bookworms, stains, treating leather etc.), the Estienne family, Aldines and Elzevirs, and milestones in printing. ESTC T108276.
10. LAW, John. Oeuvres de J. Law, contrôleur – général des finances de France, sous le régent; contenant les principes sur le numéraire, le commerce, le crédit et les banques. Avec des notes. Paris, Buisson, 1790. 8vo, pp. [4], l [i.e. 50], [2], 431, [1 blank]; with half-title; a little light spotting; a very good clean copy in contemporary tree patterned sheep, spine gilt in compartments with black morocco lettering-piece, marbled endpapers, red edges; very slightly rubbed; a very nice copy. £1750 First edition of the Oeuvres of the Scottish-born gambler, adventurer, creator of the Mississippi System, and French minister of finance, John Law (1671-1729), the ‘latter-day Cardinal Mazarin and Nicolas Fouquet combined’ (ODNB), credited with ‘splendid, but visionary ideas’ by Adam Smith, and described by Schumpeter as ‘in the front rank of monetary theorists of all times’. ‘The work of disinterring Law’s literary remains was begun by General E. de Senovert with his first edition of the Oeuvres de Jean Law, Paris, 1790’ (Hyde, John Law, p. 198). Apart from Money and Trade Considered, here in its second French edition, all of the works in this collection, including two Mémoire sur les Banques and a number of letters, were previously unpublished. Goldsmiths’ 14361; Kress B.1919; Lande p. 70; Sabin 39314.
LUTHER’S ECONOMICS
11. LUTHER, Martin. Von Kauffshandlung und Wucher. Wittenberg, [Hans Lufft], 1524. 4to, ff. [36]; title printed within elaborate allegorical woodcut border; closed tear and marginal chip to the title-page effectively and discreetly repaired, title reinforced at gutter, minor worm-hole throughout (not impairing legibility) light waterstain to the initial three leaves, else a clean, crisp copy in recent marbled wrappers. £8000 First edition, very rare, of Luther’s Treatise on trade and usury: the first appearance of the part on trade published with a re-issue of his ‘Long Sermon on Usury’ which had first been published in 1520. ‘Luther’s “Treatise on Trade and Usury” is of considerable significance for understanding Luther’s ethics, and of great interest to the economic historian inasmuch as it includes keen observations on the business practices of the early sixteenth century. Luther’s frame of reference was of course that of the Middle Ages. He held to the long scholastic tradition, which, following Aristotle, taught that money does not produce money. He agreed with the canonists, who for years had taught that usury is something evil. In common with the vast majority of his learned contemporaries, he knew very little about economic laws. Of the far-reaching economic revolution that was transforming Germany from a nation of peasant agriculturalists into a society with at least the beginnings of a capitalistic economy, he had no conception whatsoever. Its obvious manifestations, high prices and growing disparity in wealth, were to him nothing more than the results of the greed and avarice of sinful men, a judgment consistent with his own personal indifference to money and wealth, other than as means of subsistence and something to be shared with less fortunate brethren’ (W. Brandt in his edition of Luther’s Works, 45, p. 233).
Luther shows particular acumen when, in the last section of the Usury part, he identifies the Zinskauf (or Rentenkauf) practice (a ‘buying of income’ contract which presented what was effectively a loan as a sale, a predecessor of the mortgage loan) as an infringement of the secular law against usury, arguing that the generation of interest in the process clearly went against the principle whereby ‘nummus non paret nummum’ (‘money does not produce money’, and correspondingly, normatively, money should not produce money). ‘Luther’s work On Trading and Usury (“Von Kauffshandlung und Wucher”) was published some time before the end of June, 1524. In the beginning of the treatise he says that he has been “urged and begged” to expose some of the financial doings of the time, and has yielded to the request, though he knows that things have gone too far to be checked by his writing. Concerning the source of the requests we are not informed but it is not unlikely that they arose out of the discussion of monopolies and the best means for suppressing them, which occurred at the Diet of Nuremberg, January to April, 1524. ‘Complaints were made in many quarters about the operations of the trading companies, which were taking a commanding position in certain lines of trade, and seeking to create monopolies. Similar complaints were made about the steady advance in commodity prices, which was general throughout Germany and which worked great hardship on some classes. The rise of the companies and the phenomenal profits that they were making were, not unnaturally, connected in many minds with the advance in prices. […] ‘In the autumn of 1519 [Luther] had published a brief tract On Usury. A month or so later (December, 1519) he completed a revision and expansion of it, which was published early in 1520 […] He now republished the longer treatise On Usury, furnishing it with a new conclusion, and prefaced it with a new treatise On Trading’ (C.M. Jacobs, On Trading and Usury, 1524, introduction, online). Benzing 1940. Not in Goldsmiths’ or Kress.
12. MAYALL, GHÉMAR FRÈRES, JABEZ HUGHES, W. & D. DOWNEY, VERNON HEATH, photographers. Carte de visite portraits of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, including Princess of Wales (Alexandra of Denmark) and daughter Princess Louise of Hesse (Princess Alice). 1861–circa 1870. 10 albumen print photographs, each approximately 3½ x 2¼ inches (9 x 6 cm), in carte de visite format, one signed and dated in negative (and one edited copy print of the same), 9 with photographer’s printed credit below or on verso, 4 with publisher’s printed or embossed credit on verso; each mounted on thick card approximately 4 x 2½ inches (10 x 6.5 cm). £750 A selection of portraits of both Prince Albert and Queen Victoria, several by Mayall, who was the first photographer to publish carte de visite images of the Royal Family. The photographs of Victoria show the Queen in mourning, one view with her daughter Alice and daughter-in-law Alexandra, and another with a grandchild on her knee. Two poses have her sat gazing at a photograph in her hand, presumably of Albert. Sales of celebrity cartes de visite could provide a profitable business for a photographic studio and many wanted a share in the interest in the late Prince. One of the images of Albert is a copy print after another Mayall offered here. It has been edited, most significantly covering the original photographer’s signature in the negative, and highlights the way in which the carte de visite was being disseminated and the lengths other studios might go to enter the market after Albert’s untimely death in 1861 when presumably the demand for a souvenir of him had risen. The modification of the negative signature was necessary if indeed the seller was breaching the copyright of the original photographer Mayall. The other uncredited image of him published by Mason and Co seems to have been priced on the verso as 1 penny and 6 shillings.
Jabez Meal adopted the name John Jabez Edwin Mayall when he left Yorkshire for America in 1842, having worked in the linen trade. He opened a daguerreotype studio in Philadelphia known for high quality and on his return to London in 1846 he worked with Antoine Claudet before setting up his own studio, the Daguerreotype Institution, on the Strand. As well as being a highly proficient daguerreotypist who was commercially successful, he was a believer in photography as an art form and was passionate in using it to illustrate emotion and drama. Having opened a second premises on Regent Street, Mayall was one of the first in the UK to promote the carte de visite format. As a result of an 1860 commission from Queen Victoria, he was the first to publish carte de visite portraits of the Royal Family in 1860 and 1861. The success of these small portraits, which the British public started collecting, encouraged other leading figures to sit for him and the craze for assembling collections of celebrity portraits took off. Other photographers were quick to follow but only the most professional were granted permission to photograph the Queen and members of her family. Full list of credits available on request.
13. [MAZARINADES.] ‘La Mazarinade ou collection d’un grand nombre de satyres de différents auteurs, contre le Cardinal Mazarin et ce qui s’est passé sous son ministère. Le tout en vers burlesques’. Paris, 1648-1649. 75 items in one vol., 4to (the last item 8vo), pp. [724] in total; contemporary manuscript title to flyleaf and three-page manuscript index at end; woodcut vignettes to titles, some woodcut initials and head-pieces; occasional light browning and foxing, a few light damp stains to corners, else very good in contemporary mottled calf, spine gilt in compartments with red morocco lettering-piece, red edges, marbled endpapers; extremities a little rubbed, a few small worm holes to covers; oval armorial ink stamp ‘Bibliothèque de Monr. Le Baron de Damas’ to title of first work. £2500 An impressive collection of Mazarinades published in Paris in the years 1648 and 1649 during the Fronde Parlementaire, including several items not found on COPAC or in US libraries. Key figures of the Fronde covered by the contents, besides Cardinal Mazarin, queen Anne of Austria and Louis XIV, include Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti, François de Vendôme, Duc de Beaufort, and Pierre Broussel, while the subject matter spans Condé’s victory at the battle of Lens, the Peace of Rueil, and the execution of Charles I of England. The collection opens with La gloire familiere ou la description populaire de la bataille de Lens (1648), described by Moreau as ‘très rare’ and of which we can find no copy in UK libraries and only one in the US. Likewise for La plainte du palais royal sur l’absence du roy, avec un dialogue du grand Hercule de bronze, & des douze statues d’albastre, qui sont à l’entour de l’estang du jardin (1649), ‘vers rares mais détestables’ according to Moreau. The final item is an apparently very rare edition of the Agreable recit de ce qui s’est passé aux dernieres barricades de Paris (1649), ‘l’une des pièces les plus spirituelles et les
plus amusantes de la Fronde’ (Moreau), of which we can trace no copies outside France. Provenance: from the library of Ange Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas de Cormaillon, baron de Damas (1785-1862), the French general and Minister of War and Foreign Affairs who accompanied Charles X into exile following the July Revolution of 1830. A full list of contents is available on request.
IMAGINARY SOCIETY FOR STRONG LEATHER
14. [ORDER OF CUIRASSIERS]. [Tanopolis], [n.p.], [?early 1800s].
Patente de cuirassiers.
4to, bifolium, 23 x 18.5 cm; last three pages blank; charming woodcut vignette; decorative border; print stamp; disbound, in excellent condition. £300 A very scarce and rather inexplicable handbill, supposedly a declaration by the grand master of the order of cuirassiers and of cuir fort, issued from the fictional city of Tanopolis and in the name of ‘l’Empereur Pataqu’est-ce’. The bill is presented to an estimable gentleman, whose name is blank, contracting him to convert ‘everything that comes out of his mouth’ into leather, i.e. all his expressions, and then in the future to employ two further cuirassiers of his stature. The curious stamp at the bottom left promises guerre a mort aux puristes; who the ‘purists’ are, and what the cuirassiers might have against them, is unclear. Possibly this is a satirical attack on producers of leather who were profiting from supplying the war effort while diminishing the quality of their goods. Everything about the handbill speaks of deliberate obscurity: the emperor’s name (‘who-is-it?’), the stamp, the withheld name, and the curious numerical reference to room 1234. OCLC lists only one copy worldwide, at the BnF; not in COPAC.
15. PICASSO, Pablo. Portrait of Arthur Rimbaud. Paris, 1960. Original lithograph, 300 x 230 mm, sheet 490 x 370 mm; artist’s proof signed once in the plate and again in pencil in lower right corner. Arches paper. Nice condition. £4500 + VAT in the E.U. Very rare artist’s proof before the edition of 104 examples. A great tribute by Picasso to the poet, and his contribution to Arthur Rimbaud vu par les peintres contemporains, printed in 1962 by Mourlot. The portrait appears to be based on a photograph of the 17 year-old Rimbaud by Étienne Carjat in 1871. Pablo Picasso, 1881-1973, Spanish painter, sculptor and printmaker, one of the founders of the Cubist movement and one of the most influential artists of the 20th Century. Bloch, 1007; Mourlot, 342.
16. ROSLING, Alfred. ‘The Penrhyn Slate Quarries, North Wales’. 1860s. Albumen print, 6½ x 8¼ inches (16.6 x 21 cm), mounted on original album page, 11⅛ x 13¾ inches (28.3 x 35 cm), photographer’s printed credit and title and publisher’s printed credit below image ‘Printed and published by F. Frith, Reigate’, small tear, approx. one square cm, to upper left corner, filled with light pencil shading. £300 Alfred Rosling (1802–1882) was an early and significant British photographer, whose work is little-known today outside of a series of landscapes he published through his brother-in-law, Francis Frith, in the 1860s. By this time he had already been active as a photographer for two decades, having worked with the calotype process and microphotography. He was the first Honorary Treasurer of the Photographic Society and exhibited regularly between 1852 (at the first photographic exhibition of the Society of Arts) and 1860. This northern Welsh quarry was the largest in the world by the end of the nineteenth century. As well as providing slate on a massive scale it became a popular tourist attraction, ‘regarded as an example of a spectacular process of the Industrial Revolution and a new wonder of Nature developed by man’. With its dramatic craters and sharp rock faces it also provided a wealth of inspiration for artists.
17. [TROTTER (later COCKBURN), Catherine.] Les Amours d’une belle Angloise ou la vie et les Avantures de la jeune Olinde escrites par elle mesme en forme de Lettres à un Chevalier de ses amis. A Cologne Chez *****. [i.e The Netherlands?] 1695. 12mo, pp. [8], 326, with an engraved frontispiece; title-page printed in red and black; a very good copy in late nineteenth-century quarter cloth and boards; booklabel of Dr. Antoine Compin, two early auction descriptions on front pastedown. £950 First edition in French of the writer and philosopher Catherine Trotter’s very rare first publication, ‘Olinda’s Adventures’, an innovative epistolary novel with a female narrator written while Trotter was still a teenager. It was among the earliest works of English popular fiction to be translated into French, marketed as a ‘nouvelle galante’, and published under a fictitious imprint. It was popular enough to be further translated from the French into Italian. ‘Olinda’s Adventures’ first appeared anonymously as the nucleus of a collection of Letters of Love and Gallantry … Vol I (1693, Bodley only in ESTC). Anticipating the rise of the modern domestic and realistic novel by several decades, it was arranged into eight chapters or letters, dealing with Olinda’s relations with eight suitors from the age of thirteen. ‘Perhaps the most salient qualities of Olinda … are restraint and control … Inclinations develop slowly and believably; the springs of action, barring a few not very fantastic coincidences and accidents, are anti-romantic – … Most important, the situation and behavior of the heroine, her values, and the world in which she lives are (but for their sketchy development) what a reader of Jane Austen might take for granted, yet are all but unique before 1740. Here is a middle-class heroine who is fully as moral as Pamela, but with a wry sense of humor; she defers to her mother as a matter of course when marriage is in question, yet would willingly evade parental decrees; she is capable of Moll Flanders’s examinations of motive, yet sees through her own hypocrisies; she lives in London in reduced circumstances and agrees
to a marriage of convenience although tempted to engage in a dashing adultery; and she endures the onset of both love and jealousy without melodramatic or sentimental posturings’ (Robert Adams Day). Olinda has been interpreted by most modern critics as semiautobiographical, an argument supported at least by the contemporary response from Trotter’s rival, Delarivière Manley, who accused Trotter in The New Atalantis of ‘an air of virtue pretended’, and employed in her own fictionalised autobiography, The Adventures of Rivella (1714), the name Cleander (Olinda’s platonic interlocutor here) for Trotter’s (and later Manley’s) supposed lover, Mr Tilly. The French translation is surprisingly faithful, though it adds to the end of each chapter a verse extract from Fontenelle, Perrault, des Preaux, Madame des Houlières and others, along with brief passages explaining their presence, or, for example, comparing the humours of the various nations of Europe. The final section of Letters of Love Gallantry is also translated here (pp. 243-326), and comprises similar short works by other hands. The precocious Catherine Trotter (possibly born 1674 rather than 1679 as once assumed) wrote in the same year as her Olinda some competent ‘Verses written at the age of fourteen, and sent to Beville Higgins on his sickness and recovery from the small-pox’. Higgins is thought to have introduced her to Congreve and Dryden, and her first play, Agnes de Castro, based on a story by Aphra Behn, was staged in 1695. She is perhaps best known for her Defence of Mr. Lock’s Essay of human Understanding (1702), which was warmly welcomed by the philosopher who sent her a gift of books. OCLC records copies at Harvard, Yale, and Getty only in the US; and British Library only in the UK.
‘HAPPY FAMILIES’ CARD GAME – WITH AFRICAN SUBJECTS
18. [UNKNOWN.] [Set of 60 playing cards featuring African ethnographic subjects.] 1910. 60 playing cards, measuring 4⅜ x 2 ⅞ inches (10.9 x 7.3 cm), each with photogravure image ranging from approximately 2 x 2⅜ inches (5.1 x 6.1 cm) to 2⅜ x 2⅜ inches (6.1 x 6.1 cm), five of which are after drawings, titled and captioned in French, titles printed in red; intermittent staining to extremities and versos (not affecting images), very occasional light creasing; overall a very good set. £350 The fifteen ‘groups’ of four cards each represent various topics, from buildings and schools to activities such as fishing and music, plus portraits. As well as its own caption, each card lists the captions of the other three cards in their ‘group’, suggesting the aim of the game is to collect as many full topics as possible and win the game. The captions to the images cover a range of countries, including Gabon, Cameroon, Madagascar and Togo. Bringing to life a far off world in miniature, such cards provided players with a chance to ‘travel’ to exotic destinations and learn about them from their own drawing room table. The groups are titled: Animaux; Arts ménagers; Cases indigènes; Chasse et pêche; Cultes; Des pierres; Ecoles; La vie indigene; Métiers; Musique; Paganisme; Paysages; Rois et chefs; Stations missionaires; and Types indigènes.
19. [1906 VALPARAISO EARTHQUAKE.] VALCK Y ALLAN, and other unidentified photographer(s). Views of Valparaiso and district after The Great Earthquake of August 16th 1906 [Cover title]. Valparaiso; Santiago, Soc. Imp. y Lit. Universo, Sold by J. W. Hardy and by the principal booksellers throughout Chile, [1906]. Oblong 4to, pp. [iv], 97 (final page pasted to lower wrapper), containing 104 halftone photographic reproductions, each captioned in typescript below, some numbered or titled in the negative; a little browning and small tears to margins due to paper stock; bound in original dark grey printed wrappers; creasing to wrappers, lower wrapper previously loose until pasted to final leaf, losses to head and foot of spine, yet still firm. £450 An extensive photographic survey of the destruction wreaked by the 1906 earthquake, including photographs by Studios Valck and Allan, and possibly images from other studios. At least two images are by Jorge Allan and Fernando Valck in Valparaiso (see p. 11 and p. 62), silver prints of which are held by the BnF. Another possible source would be Félix Leblanc. As Leblanc had previously worked in partnership with Valck under the name Garreaud (the studio’s previous owner and Leblanc’s brother-in-law who he inherited the business from), it seems possible his work could be included here, however we have not yet been able to confirm images by him. Leblanc had sold the photographic studio in 1890 but went on to publish lithographs and photogravures. It is known that he made photographs of the earthquake of 1906. The photographs mainly focus on the buildings and streets, several with figures among the rubble and one with dead horses lining a street. Portraits of Don Enrique Larrain Alcalde (Governor of Valparaiso) and Captain Luis Gomez Carreño (of the Navy, appointed Military Governor) introduce the book, with a note beneath explaining that they ‘displayed valour and presence of mind during the panic and confusion
following the great catastrophe’ (p. [ii]). The end of the book shows other districts: Viña del Mar (5), Limache (8), Quillota (1), Llay-Llay (4). A full list of captions and any information visible in the negatives is available on request. Library catalogues do not suggest that a title-page, plates or even final page is lacking in this copy. Not in COPAC. OCLC lists only 4 copies in the US and 3 in Europe.
‘THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN WHAT ARE THEY’
20. [VICTORIAN WOMEN.] Home sweet home … A daughter’s life in the home … Woman’s life at home … A son’s life in the home. ?Late 19th century. Six loose leaves of manuscript on unused commercial notepaper, several sheets with printed logo on verso; some staining and folding at edges, handwriting faded at edges with some loss, else in good condition. £350 A manuscript of reflections by a pious young nineteenth-century woman on the home; as an ideal and as a vocation. There are several sections, the majority comprising sentimental descriptions of life at home, or the experience of returning home from a journey by train. There are two sections on domestic roles, one for ‘daughters’ and one for ‘sons’, expressing views very much of the author’s time: she writes of the ‘higher work’ of the woman, i.e. providing succour for her family and managing everything without complaint; conversely the author very sensitively imagines the plight of the man at his work, under pressure from everyone around him and dealing with many unpleasant characters, before he is able to return to a welcoming home. This delightfully and imaginatively written account is alleviated from its solemn Victorian spirituality, and equally Victorian attitude towards women, by the far more innocent concerns of its author, namely her fear of burning the rice pudding.
LANDMARK IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
21. VIVES, Juan Luis. De anima et vita libri tres, opus insigne, nuncq[ue] denuo quam diligentissime excusum. Accesserunt eiusdem argumenti de anima, Philippi Melanchthonis commentarius, et magni Aurelii Cassiodori senatoris liber unus ... Basel, Robert Winter, 1543. 8vo, pp. 768, [32, index]; occasional Greek, woodcut initials; a little light water staining to first quire and very occasionally to lower margins elsewhere; a very good, crisp copy; binding removed, contemporary vellum endpapers preserved (overlapping in spine compartments), five sewing supports visible on spine, evidence of head- and tail-bands (removed), gilt edges; early ownership inscription ‘Adam ...’ to front cover, quotation in Greek from Theognis at head of title (hotti kalon philon esti to d’ ou kalon ou philon esti); an attractive copy. £1500 Second edition (first 1538) of Vives’ great work on the human soul. A friend of Erasmus and Thomas More, Vives (1492-1540) ‘has been justly hailed as a major figure in the history of psychology. He held that the essence of the soul – mind – was indescribable. It could be known only by its actions, as observed by the internal and external senses. Before Descartes and Francis Bacon, Vives developed an empirical psychology in which he advocated the study of mental activity introspectively and in others. He formulated a theory of association of ideas from an elaborate analysis of memory. If two ideas are implanted in the mind simultaneously, or within a short interval of time, the occurrence of one would cause the recall of the other’ (DSB). ‘He was also the first to describe the physiological effects of fear’ (GarrisonMorton). Also included in this edition are Melanchthon’s Commentarius de anima (first 1540), one of the most read books at Wittenberg University, which contains much on human anatomy in its discussion of the soul, and the De anima of the 6th-century Roman statesman Cassiodorus, which explores the independence of the soul.
The binding on this copy is most interesting and unusual. What remains (e.g. comb linings of unused parchment, linked sewing front to back on the double sewing supports) suggests a French binding of the 1540s of some quality. The original covers, most likely of alum-tawed skin, have left very little trace on what remains. (We are very grateful to Professor Nicholas Pickwoad for his advice on this binding). USTC 667550; VD16 V1803. Three copies on COPAC (Manchester, NLS, Warburg). Only two copies in the US on OCLC (Michigan, Stanford).
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