Vital Signs - United Way of Central Oklahoma

VITAL SIGNS

centra

l oklah o

ma

ital Signs SPECIAL EDITION DECEMBER 2017

CENTRAL OKLAHOMA PRIORITIES:

A DECADE IN REVIEW

Cover photo by: Greater Oklahoma City Chamber

LETTER FROM THE CHAIR

1

INTRODUCTION

2

GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND DEMOGRAPHICS

3

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

5

OKLAHOMA VERSUS THE NATION

7

PRIORITY CONCERNS OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMANS IN 2017

8

MEET JAMIE

9

HEALTH STATUS

11

EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT

27

ECONOMIC MOBILITY

35

PUBLIC SAFETY

45

SOCIAL CAPITAL

55

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

64

REFERENCES

65

LETTER FROM THE CHAIR Central Oklahoma is a thriving metropolitan area on many levels. The Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) has experienced a 15 percent population growth from 2007 to 2016. Demographia.com listed Oklahoma City among the top 10 major markets for housing affordability, Forbes magazine named Oklahoma City one of the top metros for wage growth and Business Facilities magazine rated Oklahoma City number one for quality of life. Yet, despite these accolades, central Oklahoma faces many challenges. These positive aspects are not enjoyed by all of our citizenry. Our community has individuals who struggle to pay rent as 40 percent of Oklahoma renters are housing cost-overburdened. Although the MSA has experienced a 19 percent increase in median earnings, this value remains below the national average. And sadly, more than 14 percent of MSA residents are currently living in poverty. Understanding where we face challenges can help policymakers, stakeholders and community members to make informed decisions. This is why United Way of Central Oklahoma has been monitoring a set of indicators about our community for more than 20 years. The goal of this Vital Signs publication is to share with you some of the issues that affect our health status, educational achievement, economic mobility, public safety and social capital. I am excited to share this 10 year trend analysis report to inform you of what indicators in our community are improving, not changing or worsening. It serves as a conversation starter in order to focus our attention so that we can begin or continue to support efforts that are working to change the trends for the better. I invite you to join us in this dialogue and commit to supporting and leading changes to fight for the health, education and financial stability of every person in our community. We welcome your questions and comments. Please email us at [email protected] or call 405-236-8441.

Don Betz, Chair, Research and Community Initiatives Committee United Way of Central Oklahoma

1

INTRODUCTION Oklahoma County Vital Signs is central Oklahoma’s only broad-based community evaluation. Unique locally, this document offers extensive data on key trends in our area. First published in 1994 by the Community Council of Central Oklahoma and continued by United Way of Central Oklahoma, Vital Signs offers a comprehensive review of our well-being in Oklahoma, Oklahoma County and Oklahoma City. If our community could have a routine physical, this would be it. This edition of Vital Signs is a follow on to the last large-scale trend report published in 2007. This edition continues the tradition of tracking key indicators in five key areas important to our quality of life: health status, educational achievement, economic mobility, social capital and public safety. Each category uses multiple data sets to reveal our community’s successes and challenges. This publication is intended to be used by community members, stakeholders and investors to follow changing conditions, guide policy development and support allocation of precious resources. The indicators are a call to action and intended to celebrate progress, spur critical thinking, shape a community vision and take steps towards positive change.

WHAT ARE INDICATORS?

Indicators are presentations of data that together show changes and trends over time as well as provide a view of the overall health of the community. Indicators function in the same way that heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature together provide a picture of our overall personal health. Community indicators are vital signs for monitoring and measuring where we are and where we are headed as a community.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SPECIFIC INDICATORS

• Significance to the local community • Ability to reflect a specific dimension and to contribute to the overall picture of the well-being of citizens • Ability to support policy decisions • Ability to be obtained annually • Ability to be measured consistently over time

VITAL SIGNS TRACKS FIVE REGIONS • • • • •

United States of America (Nation) Oklahoma (State) Oklahoma County (County) Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area (OKC MSA) Oklahoma City (City)

2

GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS AND DEMOGRAPHICS OKLAHOMA STATE (STATE)

AGE UNDER 5 YEARS 5 TO 19 YEARS 20 TO 54 YEARS 55 TO 74 YEARS OVER 75 YEARS

6.7% 20.6% 45.3% 21.3% 6.2%

RACE 7.3% AFRICAN AMERICAN AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE 7.6% ASIAN 2.0% CAUCASIAN 72.4% HISPANIC OR LATINO (OF ANY RACE) 10.3% NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER 0.2% SOME OTHER RACE 2.7% TWO OR MORE RACES 7.7%

49.5%

50.5%

OKLAHOMA COUNTY (COUNTY)


TOTAL POPULATION: 3,923,561

7.8% 20.3% 47.1% 19.4% 5.3%

TOTAL POPULATION: 782,970

RACE 15.2% AFRICAN AMERICAN AMERICAN INDIAN AND ALASKA NATIVE 3.2% ASIAN 3.1% CAUCASIAN 68.9% HISPANIC OR LATINO (OF ANY RACE) 17.0% NATIVE HAWAIIAN AND OTHER PACIFIC ISLANDER 0.1% SOME OTHER RACE 3.1% TWO OR MORE RACES 6.4% 3

48.9%

51.1%

U.S. Census Bureau 1

OKLAHOMA CITY METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA (OKC MSA)


7.0% 20.6% 47.3% 19.8% 5.3%


49.3%

50.7%

OKLAHOMA CITY (CITY)


TOTAL POPULATION: 1,373,211

7.7% 20.5% 48.4% 18.8% 4.7%

TOTAL POPULATION: 638,311


48.9%

51.1%


4

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Keeping a watchful eye on local trends is important for understanding the critical needs of our community as well as evaluating our health and human services community level outcomes. Large system changes, however, require time. Therefore, analyzing trends over the course of 10 or more years provides insight into larger patterns that are occurring across Oklahoma and in particular in Oklahoma County and City. You will find a summary analysis of each indicator for the last decade. Indicators marked in green are ones that have been moving in a favorable direction for our community such as an increase in the four year graduation rate or a decrease in the teen birth rate. Conversely, indicators marked in red are those that over the last decade have worsened such as an increase in the poverty rate for children or a decrease in home ownership. Indicators marked in yellow have remained stable over the same time period.

H E A LTH S TATU S INDICATOR

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

STATE

COUNTY

Fertility rate Teen birth rate Infant mortality rate Education level of all mothers Pregnancies receiving early prenatal care Death rate Tobacco use Substance abuse Illicit drug use (adult) Illicit drug use (12-17 years old) Food insecurity Health insurance coverage Preventative care

(colorectal screening)

Dental care Number of mentally unhealthy days

E DU CATI O NA L ACH I E V E M E N T INDICATOR Head start enrollment Fourth grade reading proficiency Fourth grade math proficiency Eighth grade reading proficiency Eigth grade math proficiency Public high school dropout rate Four year high school student loss rate Four year high school graduation rate Senior graduation rate Post-secondary educational attainment 5

ECONOMIC MOBILITY INDICATOR

S O CI A L CA PI TA L STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

CITY

Population growth

INDICATOR

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

Volunteerism Hours served Charitable giving Neighborhood involvement Eligible voters who are registered to vote Attend public/civic meeting

Unemployment rate Median income Poverty rate Poverty rate for children under 18 years old Students eligible for low-cost or free school lunches Grandparents raising grandchildren Home ownership Median gross rent Population experiencing homelessness

P U BLI C S A F E TY INDICATOR

STATE

COUNTY

CITY

Crime rate Violent crimes Non-violent crimes Violent crimes (juvenile) Non-violent crimes (juvenile) Alcohol-related arrests (juvenile) Drug-related arrests (juvenile) Intimate partner crimes Hate crimes Child abuse and neglect Elder abuse, neglect and exploitation

6

OKLAHOMA VERSUS THE NATION Oklahoma has had a number of successes over the past decade such as the increase in median income and reduction in the teen birth rate. Unfortunately, however, when we compare these milestones to the rest of the nation we can easily see there is still a lot of work to be done. For example, although Oklahoma County’s teen birth rate has decreased by more than 43% since 2006, as of 2015 it was still more than 40% higher than the national rate.

E DU CATI O NA L ACH I E VEMENT

We were also interested in looking at how indicators in the previous charts that showed favorable trends compared to national averages. Using the most recent data points, we compared Oklahoma’s favorably trending indicators to their respective national average. Indicators highlighted in green are those in which the most recent available data also shows a favorable direction compared to the national average. Indicators marked in red show a worse outcome than the current national rate. And those in yellow are indifferent to the current national rate.

E CO NO M I C M O B I L I TY

H E A LTH S TAT U S INDICATOR Fertility rate Teen birth rate

STATE VS NATION

COUNTY VS NATION

INDICATOR

STATE VS NATION

Head start enrollment Fourth grade reading proficiency Fourth grade math proficiency Eighth grade reading proficiency Eigth grade math proficiency

INDICATOR

STATE VS NATION

COUNTY VS NATION

STATE VS NATION

COUNTY VS NATION

Population growth Unemployment rate Median income Poverty rate Poverty rate for children under 18 years old Home ownership Median gross rent

PU B L I C S A F E TY INDICATOR Crime rate

Infant mortality rate Death rate Illicit drug use (adult) Illicit drug use (12-17 years old) Food insecurity Dental care

7

S O CI A L CA PI TA L INDICATOR Volunteerism

STATE VS NATION

PRIORITY CONCERNS OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMANS IN 2017 More than 800 central Oklahomans were asked to rank order by importance issues in three large topics: health, education and economics. The following are the top three priority areas identified by the United Way of Central Oklahoma 2017 Household Survey. 2

HEALTH 1. Access to health care services 2. Access to mental health care services 3. Disease prevention and education

EDUCATION 1. Kindergarten readiness 2. Third grade reading proficiency 3. On-time high school graduation

ECONOMICS 1. Employment and job training

2. Financial education (budget, credit counseling, etc.) 3. Housing (safe, affordable, accessible, etc.)

8

MEET JAM E. Jamie is a child who wants to succeed. All he needs is a chance.

A

LET’S GO!

B C A good early education puts Jamie on the right path. Jamie’s parents maintain jobs and move towards financial stability. Healthy foods help Jamie focus in the classroom.

After school programs build Jamie’s self-esteem and teach him leadership skills. Jamie misses less school because of quality health care.

9

United Way of Central Oklahoma brings our community together to lift up all of the “Jamies.” We focus on HEALTH, EDUCATION and INCOME – the building blocks for a good quality of life.

Jamie helps build a stronger community. We All WIN! Jamie’s diploma opens doors to opportunities.

Jamie earns a high school diploma. Jamie becomes proficient in reading and math.

10

11

HEALTH STATUS Health factors are basics that contribute to how long we will live. They include health behaviors such as tobacco use, diet, exercise, alcohol and drug use, and sexual activity as well as clinical care access and quality of life. Individual changes to these health factors will ultimately have a positive impact on the health of our whole community.

HEALTH DEMOGRAPHICS Fertility rate Teen birth rate Infant mortality rate Education level of mothers of all new births Early prenatal care Death rate Top three causes of death

13 13 13 14 14 15 17 17

HEALTH BEHAVIORS Tobacco use Substance abuse Illicit drug use or dependence Food insecurity

18 18 18 19 21

CLINICAL CARE Health insurance coverage Screened for colorectal cancer Dental care Mental health care

22 22 23 23 24

PRIORITY HEALTH CONCERNS FOR CENTRAL OKLAHOMANS

25

12

HEALTH DEMOGRAPHICS F E R TI L I T Y R AT E Persistent declines in the number of live births increases the likelihood that there will not be enough individuals to replace the aging workforce potentially jeopardizing our economic stability. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the number of live births has been declining for years and is currently at a historic low in the nation, Oklahoma and Oklahoma County. Despite these overall decreasing trends, Oklahoma state and county fertility rates a have been and remain higher than the national rate.

FE RTIL ITY RATE YEAR

NATION

STATE

COUNTY

2007

69.1

75.5

84.3

2010

64.1

72.1

80.8

2015

62.7

69.0

77.2

National Center for Health Statistics 3 and Oklahoma State Department of Health 4

T E E N B I R TH R AT E TE E N BIRTH RATE

O K L A H O M A RA NKS

I N T H E NATIO N A S O F 20 1 5 F O R THE R ATE 3 O F T E E N B IR THS.

2

nd

Nationally, the teen birth rate experienced a 40% decrease from 2008 to 2015, while Oklahoma experienced a 37% decrease over the same period of time. Even with this praiseworthy decline, Oklahoma remains well-above the national average at 36.6 compared to 23.3 live births per every 1,000 adolescent females. b

13

YEAR

NATION

STATE

2008-09

39.1

57.6

2010-11

32.8

49.1

2012-13

28.0

45.1

2014-15

23.3

36.6

National Center for Health Statistics 3

TOTAL NUM BE R OF LIVE BIRTHS TO TEENAGE M OTHE RS AGE 10-19 YEARS IN OK COUNTY Oklahoma State Department of Health 4 2008-09

3,144

2010-11

2,695

2012-13

2,409

2014-15

1,894

I N FA N T M O R T A L I T Y R AT E Infant mortality c in the nation, state and Oklahoma County has remained relatively unchanged since 2007. Oklahoma and Oklahoma County infant mortality rates exceeded the national rate from 2007 to 2015.

TH E MO ST C OMMON CAUSES OF INFA NT M ORTALITY ARE : • Birth defects

5

• Preterm birth (birth before 37 weeks gestation)

INFANT M ORTAL ITY RATE YEAR

NATION

STATE

COUNTY

2007

6.8

8.4

7.2

2010

6.1

7.5

7.7

2015

5.9

7.3

6.8

National Center for Health Statistics 3 and Oklahoma State Department of Health 4

• Low birth weight • Maternal complications of pregnancy • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) • Injuries (e.g. suffocation)

E D U CATI O N L E V E L O F M O T H E R S OF A L L NE W B I R TH S Oklahoma County since 2007 has seen a positive shift in the average educational attainment of mothers who have given birth. Specifically, there has been a 32% decrease in live births to women with less than eight years of education. Conversely, there has been a 40% increase in the birth rate by women with some college education and a 36% increase by women with at least a bachelor’s degree.

A POSIT IVE C ORRELAT ION EXISTS B ET W EEN M AT ERN A L EDUCAT ION AND THE H EALT H A N D SUC C ESS OF T HE C HILD.

6

14

HEALTH DEMOGRAPHICS E D U CAT I O N L E V E L O F M O T H E R S O F A L L NE W B I R TH S

(CONTINUED)

H I GH MATERNA L EDUCATION IS A SSOCIATED WITH:

A C HILD ’ S SUCCE S S I N S CH O O L I S

• Improved child quality, as measured by birth weight and gestational age • Increased probability that a new mother is married

ALSO L I N KE D TO TH E M O TH E R ’S

• Reduced number of pregnancies

E D U CATI O N A L L E V E L .

• Increased use of prenatal care • Decreased maternal use of cigarettes

7

ED U CATI O N L EVEL OF A LL MOTHERS - COUNTY Y EAR

8TH G RA DE O R LESS

HIG H SC HO O L NO DIPLO MA

H I G H S C H OOL G RA DU AT E - G E D

S OM E C OLLE G E

BAC H E LOR’ S DE G RE E OR H I G H E R

2007d

6.4%

19.5%

31.8%

21.1%

20.3%

2010

6.5%

19.7%

23.4%

29.4%

20.8%

2015

4.9%

13.9%

23.8%

29.5%

27.6%

A B C

Oklahoma State Department of Health 4

P R E N ATA L CA R E Women accessing early prenatal care, which is defined as receiving obstetric care in the first trimester of pregnancy, has decreased across Oklahoma and in Oklahoma County. Oklahoma has had a 12% decrease and Oklahoma County has had a 22% decrease since 2007 in percent of mothers receiving prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy.

15

PRE GNANT WOM E N WHO DO NOT RE CE IVE ADE QUATE PRE NATAL CARE ARE AT AN INCRE AS E D RIS K FOR ADVE RS E OUTCOM E S FOR THE M S E LVE S AND 8 THE IR BABY.

I N FA N T S BORN TO MOTHERS WHO RECEIVED

NO

PRENATAL CARE HAVE AN INFANT MORTALITY RATE

5x

THAT OF INFANTS

WHOSE MOTHERS RECEIVED APPROPRIATE PRENATAL CARE IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY. 9

In general accessing early prenatal care positively correlates with maternal education in Oklahoma County. In other words, the more highly educated the mother the more likely she is to receive appropriate prenatal care. Initiatives focused on raising awareness of the importance of prenatal care to undereducated mothers since 2007 are improving their accessing rates. The percent of women with 0-8 years of education receiving prenatal care more than doubled between 1996-2000 (data not shown) and 2011-15. This data also reveals an emerging and concerning trend. In 2011-15 women with 12 years, 13-15 years or more than 16 years of education accessed early prenatal care less frequently than similar women in prior years.

2

MOST SIGNIFICANT ADVANTAGES O F EA R LY A N D ONG OING PRE NATAL CARE ARE • I MP R O V ED B IRTH W E IG HTS • DECR EA S ED RISK OF PRE TE RM D E LIVE RY

P E R C E NT O F PREGN ANCIES THAT R E C E I V ED EARLY P RENATA L CA RE YEA R

STATE

COUNTY

2007

74.5%

78.1%

2010

59.7%

56.8%

2015

65.4%

60.8%


P E R C E NT O F LI V E BI R THS THAT RECEIVED PRENATAL CARE IN THE F I R S T TRI MESTER BY MATERNA L EDUCATION LEVEL - COUNTY YEAR

0-8 Y EARS

9-1 1 YEA R S

1 2 YEA R S

1 3-1 5 Y E A RS

G RE AT E R OR E QU A L T O 1 6 Y E A RS

1996-00

25.4%

42.6%

56.0%

68.4%

78.3%

2011-15

54.5%

47.3%

53.8%

60.7%

71.0%


16

HEALTH DEMOGRAPHICS D E AT H R ATE A similar decreasing trend in age-adjusted death rate e is observed at both the national and county level where nationally the rate decreased by 4% and in Oklahoma County by 6% between 2007 and 2015. Oklahoma decreased by 15% over the same period of time.

NATION

STATE

COUNTY

2007

775.3

945.1

917.0

2010

749.7

836.1

856.7

2015

740.8

808.0

859.7

TH

National Center for Health Statistics 3

Recognizing the most common causes of death by age group can aid in assessment of risk factors, prevention planning and ultimately mitigation of an early death. Regional comparisons, however, may reveal possible cultural, behavioral and environmental risk factors. TOP 3 CAUSES O F DE ATH BY AGE I N 201 5 - NAT I O N AG E 0-14 25-34

SECOND

THIRD

Congenital anomalies

Short gestation

Maternal pregnancy complication Cancer Homicide

Suicide

Unintentional injury

Cancer

35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

Cancer

Heart disease

Heart disease

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 5 17

Cancer

H I G H ES T OV ERA L L AG EA DJ U S T ED DEAT H RAT E I N 10 T H E N AT I ON .

O K L A HO M A IS T IE D F O R F O U R T H W I T H A RKA NS A S IN T H E H IG H E S T CHI L D ( AG E 1 - 1 4 Y E A R S ) DE AT H 11 R AT E I N T H E NAT IO N .

6

O K L A HO M A IS T IE D F O R S IX T H T H W I T H N EW M E X IC O IN T H E R AT E O F T E E N DE AT H S ( AG E 1 5- 1 9 12 Y E A R S ) IN T H E NAT IO N .

T O P 3 CAU S ES OF D EAT H B Y AG E IN 2015 - O KLAHO M A

FIRST

15-24

5TH

4

AGE- AD JU STE D DEATH RATE YEAR

OKLAHOM A HAS THE

Heart disease Unintentional disease Lung disease

AG E

FIRST

0-14

Low birth rate

15-24 25-34

Road traffic accidents Suicide

35-44

Poisonings

45-54 55-64 65-74

Coronary heart disease

SECOND

THIRD

Congenital anomalies Suicide Poisonings

Road traffic accidents

Suicide

Coronary heart disease

Poisonings

Hypertension

Lung cancers

75+

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 5

Injuries Homicide

Lung disease Stroke

HEALTH BEHAVIORS T O B AC C O U S E

T O B AC C O U S E I S T H E M O ST PR E VE N TA B L E CAU SE 13 O F D E AT H A ND D I S E ASE IN THE U N ITE D STATE S. Central Oklahoma over the last 10 years has experienced a steady decline in the percent of individuals that describe themselves as current smokers. There has been an 18% decrease since 2006-07 in the percent of central Oklahoma smokers. A new and growing trend in tobacco use is electronic cigarettes and vapor devices. These cigarette alternatives are marketed as less harmful alternatives to smoking as well as for promotion of smoking cessation. Regardless of the delivery method, nicotine and the other chemicals included in the product are still widely known to damage health. 14 Thirty percent of central Oklahomans in 2015 reported at least occasional use of one of these devices (data not shown). E-cigarette use is highest among high schoolaged individuals. 14

PE RCE NT OF INDIVIDUALS THAT CURRENTLY S M OKE – CE NTRAL OKLAHOMA Oklahoma State Department of Health 4 2006-07

23.4%

2008-09

23.6%

2010-11

24.0%

2012-13

20.2%

2014-15

19.2%

S U B S TA N C E A B U S E SU BSTAN C E U SE A ND A BUSE CA N CAUSE A VARIE TY OF HE ALTH C O N C ERN S: 15 • Weakened immune system • Cardiovascular problems • Liver damage or failure • Seizures • Strokes • Birth defects or infant mortality (if used during pregnancy)

A LCOH OL I S T H E FO U R T H MOS T P R E VA L EN T , P R E V EN T A BL E CAU S E O F D EAT H I N T H E 16 U N IT ED S T AT ES . 18

HEALTH BEHAVIORS S U B S TA N C E A B U S E

(CO NT INU ED)

The overall heavy or chronic alcohol consumption rates in Oklahoma (data not shown) and in central Oklahoma have remained relatively unchanged since 2006. Alcohol abuse in 2010 cost Oklahoma taxpayers $3 billion. 17 Less than a third of Oklahoma County residents that need substance abuse treatment will receive services this year. 18

HE AVY O R C H RON I C C ON S U MP T I ON O F A LCO HO L I S DEF I N ED A S R E G U L AR LY DRI N KI N G T WO OR M O R E D R IN KS P ER DAY F OR MEN AN D O N E O R MORE DRI N KS P ER DAY FO R WO MEN .

P ERC EN T O F I NDIVIDUA LS SELF-REPORTING CHRONIC ALC O H O L C O N SUMPTION - CENTRA L OKLA HOM A

1 IN 10

Oklahoma State Department of Health 4 2006-07

4.20%

2008-09

3.60%

2010-11

4.60%

2012-13

4.80%

2014-15

4.60%

adult Oklahomans are currently struggling with substance abuse. 18 Central Oklahomans self-reported that in 2016 if substance abuse treatment was needed by themselves or a loved one and

number one reason was “they didn’t know where to go ” and number two was “care was too

not received the

expensive.” 2

I L L I C I T D R U G U S E A N D D E P E N D E N CE I L LI C I T D RU G USE CA N CAUSE: • Addiction • Loss of self-control • Paranoia • Aggressiveness • Hallucinations

19

15

M O R E THAN 52 7,000 E M ERG EN C Y ROOM V I S I T S A R E M AD E N ATIO N A L LY E AC H Y EA R BY I L L I C I T D R U G U SE R S W HO M AR E EX P ERI EN C I N G A N 15 A DVE R SE SID E E FFE CT.

I L L I C I T D R U G U S E A N D D E P E N D E N CE

(CONTINUED)

The percent of individuals over 12 years old struggling with illicit drug dependence or abuse has remained relatively unchanged since 2008, ranging from approximately 3% to 2% during that period of time at both the national and state level. From the most recent data in 2012-13, approximately 2% of Oklahomans over 12 years old – roughly 74,000 individuals – struggled with illicit drug dependence or abuse. 19 Reporting of illicit drug use in the past month among youth aged 12 to 17 years peaked both nationally and in Oklahoma in 2010-11 at approximately 10%. This rate has since incrementally decreased by almost 1% and 3% for the nation and state, respectively. PAST YEAR ILLI CIT DRUG DEPENDENCE OR A BUSE (AGE 12+ YEA RS)

PA S T M O NT H I L L I CI T D R UG US E AM O NG YO UT H ( AG E 1 2- 1 7 YE A R S )

Y E AR

N ATION

STATE

YEAR

NATION

STATE

2008-09

2.8%

3.1%

2008-09

9.7%

9.4%

2009-10

2.8%

3.1%

2009-10

10.1%

10.0%

2010-11

2.7%

2.5%

2010-11

10.1%

10.1%

2011-12

2.7%

2.6%

2011-12

9.8%

9.2%

2012-13

2.7%

2.2%

2012-13

9.2%

7.5%

2013-14

2.6%

2.3%

2013-14

9.1%

8.1%

National Survey on Drug Use and Health

20

National Survey on Drug Use and Health 20

20

HEALTH BEHAVIORS FOOD INSECURITY The state’s food insecurity e and very low food security rates since 2007 have remained relatively unchanged at a rate higher than the national average despite a rising national trend.

OKLAHOM A I S THE

10

TH

MOS T F OOD I N S EC U RE 21 S T AT E I N T H E N AT I ON .

A P PR OXIM ATE LY 123,010 INDIVIDUALS 22 IN O KL AHO M A CO U N T Y A RE F OOD I N S EC U RE.

1 IN 5

O K L A H OMA C OU N T Y C H I L DREN 23 AR E F OOD I N S EC U RE.

FOOD INSECURITY

VERY LOW FOOD SECURITY

YEAR

NATION

STATE

NATION

STATE

2007-09

13.5%

15.2%

5.2%

6.5%

2010-12

14.6%

15.3%

5.6%

6.6%

2013-15

13.7%

15.5%

5.4%

6.4%

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Services 21

21

CLINICAL CARE H E A LT H I N S U R A N C E C O V E R AG E W HE N YO U O R MEMBERS OF YOU R H OUSEHO LD NEED B A SIC , 2 N O N - E M E R G E NCY CARE, W H ERE DO YO U USUA LLY G O ? 2. 2% 5. 8% 21. 8 %

Primary care physician Urgent care clinic (not a hospital or medical center) Nonprofit community clinic Do not seek medical care Emergency department at a hospital or medical care center

0.9% 69.3 %

Health insurance coverage is designed to provide individuals and families with access to needed quality health services including preventative, promotion, treatment and rehabilitation services while ensuring that the use of these services does not expose the patient to financial hardship. The percent of individuals uninsured has steadily declined since 2008 for Oklahoma state, county and Oklahoma City MSA. However, in Oklahoma City alone more than 200,000 individuals - approximately 3,500 of which are children 24 under six years old - are currently without health insurance.

63%

O F C E N T R A L O KL A H O MA N S WHO N E E D E D B U T D I D N O T R EC EIVE M E D I CA L CA R E I N T H E LA ST 12 M O N T H S R E P O R T E D T H AT IT WA S 2 D U E T O T H E C O S T O F CA R E .

P ERC EN T O F INDIVIDUA LS W ITHOUT HEA LTH I N SU RAN C E COVERAG E YEAR

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

2008-09

19.1%

20.2%

18.2%

2010-11

18.8%

19.9%

17.7%

2012-13

18.1%

19.6%

16.9%

2014-15

14.7%

15.4%

13.4%


22

CLINICAL CARE C O LO R E C T A L CA N C E R S C R E E N I N G Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the nation for both men and women. 25 In central Oklahoma, the screening rate for colorectal cancer has on average remained unchanged since 2006 with less than 50% of Oklahomans over 50 years old having been screened in their lifetime. Colorectal cancer screenings are the best tools against preventing, detecting and curing colorectal cancer. 27

CO LO R E CTA L CAN C ER I S N AT I ON A L LY T H E SE CO N D L E A D IN G CAU S E OF DEAT H A MON G M E N AN D THIR D L EA DI N G CAU S E OF DEAT H 26 AM O N G WO M E N .

P ERC EN T O F I NDIVIDUA LS OVER 50 Y EA RS OLD THAT HAVE BE E N SC REEN ED F O R COLORECTA L CA NCER IN THE IR LIFE TIM E - OKLAHOM A Oklahoma State Department of Health 4 2006-08

39.2%

2009-11*

40.7%

2012-14

39.0%

* Data unavailable for 2011

D E NT A L CA R E

63 % O F C E NT RA L O KL A H O M A NS THAT N E E D E D D E N TA L CA R E I N T HE L A S T 1 2 M O N T H S B U T D ID N O T R E CE IVE IT 2 R EPO R T E D I T WA S D U E T O T H E CO ST O F D E N TAL CAR E . The most common childhood disease is tooth decay also called dental caries. 28 Tooth decay has a significant effect on youth in the United States, over 25% of children ages 2-5 years and over 50% of children age 12-15 yearsare affected. 28 Poor oral health adversely effects school attendance and performance. 29 The percentage of Oklahoma youth who received preventive dental care was below the national average in both 2007 and 2012. Moreover, like the national rate, Oklahoma youth accessing dental care services has declined since 2007. Dental disease costs American businesses more than 164 million workhours each year. 28 23

PE RCE NT OF CHILDREN WHO HAVE RECEIVED PRE VE NTIVE DENTAL CARE IN THE PAST YEAR YEAR

NATION

STATE

2007

82%

78%

2012

77%

74%

National Kids Count 30

ME NT A L H E A LT H O KL A H OMA H A S T H E

2nd

H I G HE S T P R E VAL E N CE O F A D U LT S WITH 31 M E NT A L I L L N E SS.

Mental health is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential; can cope with the normal stresses of life; can work productively and fruitfully; and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. 31 Poor mental health is associated with rapid social change, stressful work conditions, gender discrimination, social exclusion, unhealthy lifestyle, risks of violence, physical ill-health and human rights violations. 31 The percent of Oklahomans self-reporting the number of mentally unhealthy days experienced in the prior month has remained relatively unchanged since 2006. Thirty-eight percent of central Oklahomans who needed mental health care in the last 12 months but did not receive treatment reported it was due to the cost of mental health care. 2

P E RC EN T O F I N D I VIDUA LS W ITH MENTA LLY UNHE ALTHY DAYS L AST MO N TH - OKLA HOMA YEAR

1-13 DAYS

14-30 DAYS

2006-07

21.6%

13.1%

2008-09

21.5%

13.1%

2010-11

21.5%

14.1%

2012-13

21.0%

13.7%

2014-15

20.1%

13.1%


O K L A HO M A HA S THE SE VE N TH WORS T O VE R AL L M E N TAL HE ALTH SY ST EM BA S ED 31 O N P R E VAL E N CE AN D ACCE SS T O CA RE.

24

PRIORITY HEALTH CONCERNS OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMANS T O P T H R E E PR IO R ITY CO N CE R N S ID E N TIFIE D B Y CE N TR A L 2 O KL A HO M AN S FO R HE ALTH WE L L -B E IN G IN 2 017 A R E : ACCE SS TO HE ALTH CAR E ACCE SS TO M E N TAL HE ALTH CAR E D ISE ASE P R E VE N TIO N H E A LT H S TATU S S U M M A R Y INDICATOR Fertility rate Teen birth rate Infant mortality rate Education level of all mothers Pregnancies receiving early prenatal care Death rate Tobacco use Substance abuse Illicit drug use (adult) Illicit drug use (12-17 years old) Food insecurity Health insurance coverage Preventative care

(colorectal screening)

Dental care Number of mentally unhealthy days

25

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

NOTES: a) Fertility rate is a measure of the number of live births per the population of childbearing age women (age 15 to 44 years) and is reported here as a rate per 1,000 women. It indicates a community’s replacement level. b) Teen birth rate measures the number of live births per the population of teenage girls (age 15-19 years). c) The death of a baby before his or her first birthday is called infant mortality. Infant mortality rate, which is the number of infant deaths per every 1,000 live births, is an indicator to measure the health and well-being of mother and infant. 3 d) In the original data for 2007, the sub-indicators are listed as 0 to 8 years; 9 to 11 years; 12 years; 13 to 15 years; and 16 or more years of education. e) Food insecurity is defined as a lack of access, at times, to enough food for an active, healthy life for all household members and limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate foods.

26

27

EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT Education provides an individual with both direct knowledge and character skills like perseverance, sociability and curiosity. It is a tool used in the contemporary world to succeed and to mitigate innumerable challenges faced in life. Historically, student achievements, which do not measure character skills or even teacher effectiveness, have widely been used as proxies for measuring traits required for success in school and life. However, more recently other performance measurements have been identified that may show more accurately how well schools are performing. Those include high school graduation rate, dropout rate, college acceptance and completion, and college remediation rate for recent high school graduates.

EARLY EDUCATION

29

ELEMENTARY SUCCESS

29

MIDDLE SCHOOL GRADE SUCCESS

30

HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION Public high school drop out rate Student loss versus graduation rate Senior graduation rate

31 31 32 32

POST-SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

33

CENTRAL OKLAHOMA LITERACY LEVEL

33

PRIORITY EDUCATION CONCERNS OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMANS

34

28

EARLY EDUCATION Early education for three and four year olds improves school readiness for kindergarten and the rest of their educational and professional careers. 32 Early childhood education programs benefit all children with the greatest gains accruing to the highest-risk children. 33

57%

O F T H R E E A N D FO U R Y EA R OLDS IN OKLA HOMA – C O M PA R E D T O 5 3 % NATION A LLY – HAVE N OT B EEN 33 E N R O L L E D I N A N E A R LY EDUCATION PR OGR A M.

ELEMENTARY SUCCESS

1 IN 6

C H I L D R E N W H O A R E N O T R E A D I N G PR O FI C I E N T LY IN THIR D 34 G R A D E D O N O T GR A D U AT E FR O M H I G H S C H O O L ON TIME.

The ability to read is critical to a child’s success in school, life earning potential and their ability to contribute to our nation’s economy. A child who gets to fourth grade without learning to read proficiently is on a high school dropout track, putting them at an increased risk for poverty. The percent of students scoring proficient or above in reading both nationally and in Oklahoma has increased since 2007 by 3% and 6%, respectively. Thirty-three percent of fourth graders in Oklahoma in 2015 scored proficient or above. This is a record high in more than two decades for our state. However, this should not overshadow the fact that more than 33,000 students in Oklahoma in 2015 scored below proficient in reading. The fourth grade math that our students are learning today may look a little different from what you learned in school. Now there is more emphasis on realworld problem application and focus on the process of solving a problem not just the solution. In other words, emphasis is placed on activities that require complex thoughts instead of just memorizing rules and facts. This strategy prepares our youth to enter and effectively compete and participate in a world economy that demands more complex problem-solving skilled workers. Nationally since 2007 the percent of fourth graders scoring proficient or above in math has ranged from 39% to 41%. Comparatively, Oklahoma’s percent of fourth graders scoring proficient in math has steadily increased since 2007 by 4%. Despite this rising trend, Oklahoma fourth grade math proficiency scores still fall below the national average. 29

P E R CE NT OF FOURTH GRADERS SC ORIN G P R O F I CIEN T OR ABOV E - READIN G a YEAR

NATIO N

STATE

2007

32%

27%

2009

32%

28%

2011

32%

27%

2013

34%

30%

2015

35%

33%

National Center for Education Statistics 35

P E R CE NT OF FOURTH GRADERS SC ORIN G P R O F I CIEN T OR ABOV E - MATH a YEAR

NATIO N

STATE

2007

39%

33%

2009

38%

33%

2011

40%

33%

2013

41%

36%

2015

39%

37%


MIDDLE SCHOOL GRADE SUCCESS MI DDLE SCHO O L G R ADES AR E THE “ M A KE I T O R B R E A K I T ” Y E A R S . 36

P ERC EN T OF EIGHTH GRADERS SC ORIN G P ROFIC IEN T OR ABOV E - READIN G a YEA R

NATIO N

STATE

2007

29%

26%

• Failing grade in mathematics or English/language arts • Attendance rate less than 85% • ne unsatisfactory behavior mark in a core course

2009

30%

26%

2011

32%

27%

2013

34%

29%

Both nationally and locally the percent of eighth graders scoring proficient or above in reading has incrementally increased since 2007. Nationally, the increase was by 4% compared to 3% in Oklahoma over the same period of time.

2015

33%

JUST O NE O F THE FOLLOWING OFF-TRACK INDICAT O R S I N M I D D L E S CH O O L PR E D I CT S A 1 5% TO 25% CHANCE OF NOT GRA DUATING HIGH SCH O O L O N T I M E : 36

Math scores nationally and in Oklahoma peaked in 2011 at 34% and 27%, respectively. Since that time, however, the percent of eighth graders scoring proficient or above in math has returned to almost the 2007 rates. As of 2015, Oklahoma had more than 30,000 eighth graders who did not score proficient or above in math.

National Center for Education Statistics

29% 35

P ERC EN T OF EIGHTH GRADERS SC ORIN G P ROFIC IEN T OR ABOV E - MATH a YEA R

NATIO N

STATE

2007

31%

21%

2009

33%

24%

2011

34%

27%

2013

34%

25%

2015

32%

23%


TIPS F OR MIDDLE SC HOOL 36 GR A DE SUC C ESS • Attend back-to-school night and parent-teacher conferences • Visit the school and its website regularly • Support homework expectations • Send your child to school rested and ready to learn • Instill organizational and study skills • Make time to talk about school 30

HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION P U B L I C H I G H S C H O O L D R O P O U T S A ND GR A DU ATE S The four-year public high school dropout rates b at both the Oklahoma state and county levels have continuously decreased since the 2005-06 school year. Decreasing by more than 45% at the state level and 40% at the county level. PUBLIC HI GH S CHOOL DROPOUT RATE YEAR

STATE

C OUNTY

2006-08

13.7%

14.5%

2008-10

11.8%

11.9%

2010-12

9.9%

10.7%

2012-14

9.2%

9.2%

2014-16

7.5%

8.5%

Office of Educational Quality & Accountability 38

Crooked Oak Public Schools in Oklahoma County has decreased their dropout rate by more than 80% over the last 10 academic years. 38 The average Oklahoma high school dropout rate for 2015-16 was 7.2%. 38 Five Oklahoma County school districts have dropout rates higher than the state average including Western Heights, Oklahoma City, Putnam City, Jones and Crooked Oak Public Schools. 38

Individuals who drop out of high school earn 29% less in their lifetime than those with a high school diploma or equivalent. 39 31

I N D I VI D U A LS T H AT DR OP OUT OF HIGH SC HOOL ARE

63 times

MOR E LIKELY TO B E

I N CA R C E R AT E D T H A N C OLLEGE GR A DS.

37

S T AT E W I D E F O UR - YEAR STUDEN T LOSS RATE V ERSUS F O UR - YE A R G R A D UATION RATE

Incremental increases in the four year graduation rate – and conversely decreases in the four year student loss rate – have occurred over the last decade across Oklahoma.

YEARS

4 YEA R 4 Y E A R STUD ENT G RA D UATIO N RATE LO S S RATE

2006-08

22.0%

78.0%

2008-10

22.2%

77.8%

2010-12

21.7%

79.4%

2012-14

21.6%

79.6%

2014-16

17.8%

82.5%

Office of Educational Quality & Accountability 38

S E NI O R G R A D U AT I O N R AT E The senior graduation rates c for Oklahoma and Oklahoma County have remained relatively unchanged over the last decade ranging from approximately 97% to 98%. Senior graduation rates – despite the public high school dropout rates – across Oklahoma County school districts have remained consistently high over the past decade ranging from a 10 year average of 94% to 99%. Two school districts in Oklahoma County have achieved and maintained a 100% senior graduation rate – Luther Public Schools since 2008-09 and Crooked Oak Public Schools since 2014-15.

S E NI O R G R A D UAT I O N RATE YEAR

STATE

CO U NTY

2006-08

97.2%

97.9%

2008-10

97.9%

98.2%

2010-12

97.8%

98.0%

2012-14

97.9%

98.1%

2014-16

98.2%

98.0%

Office of Educational Quality & Accountability 38 10-YEAR AVERAGE SENIOR GRADUATION RATE Office of Educational Quality & Accountability 38

Western Heights

93.9%

Crooked Oak

98.8%

Jones

97.0%

Deer Creek

98.8%

Putnam City

97.1%

Harrah

98.9%

Oklahoma City

97.2%

Bethany

99.2%

Luther

97.4%

Millwood

99.2%

Choctaw/Nicoma Park

97.9%

Edmond

99.4%

Midwest City/Del City

98.5% 32

POST-SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Over the last decade little has changed in the rate of individuals who have achieved any post-secondary educational training both nationally and locally except in Oklahoma County. There was an 18% increase in Oklahoma County from 2007-08 to 2015-16 in the number of individuals with a graduate or professional degree, although collectively these individuals only account for 11% of the total county population over 25 years old. Compared to the national average from 2007 to 2016, Oklahoma, Oklahoma County and Oklahoma City MSA have had higher rates of individuals with some college (without a degree). While Oklahoma County and Oklahoma City MSA compared to the nation have had higher rates of individuals with a bachelor’s degree. However, as a state and city MSA we lag behind in the rate of individuals who have achieved an associate’s degree and graduate or other professional degree.

AVE RAGE PE RCE NT OF INDIVID UALS FROM 2007-16 WHO ACHIE VE D POS T-S E CONDARY E DUCATION S OM E C OLLE G E NO DE G RE E

A SSO C I AT E DEGREE

B AC H E LO R ’S DEGREE

Nation

20.9%

7.9%

18.2%

10.9%

State

23.8%

7.1%

15.8%

7.8%

County

24.6%

6.1%

19.3%

10.3%

OKC MSA

25.1%

6.7%

18.5%

9.6%


L I TE R AC Y L E V E L O F C E N T R A L O KL A H O M A A DU LTS

MOR E T H A N 8 % O F H O U S E H O L D S I N C E N T R A L O KLA HOMA HAVE AT L E A S T O N E A D U LT I N T H E H O M E T H AT H A S C O N S I DER A B LE DIF F IC ULTY 2 READING AND/OR WRITING ENGLISH.

33

G R AD UAT E O R P R O F E SSI O N AL D E G R E E

PRIORITY EDUCATION CONCERNS OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMANS T O P T H R E E PR I O R I T Y C O NC E RN S I D E N TIFIE D B Y C EN TR A L O KL A H O M A NS F O R E D U CATIO N A L 2 W EL L - BE I N G I N 20 1 7 A R E : KI N D E R G A R T E N R E A D I N E SS T H I R D G RA D E RE A D I N G P R O F I CIE N CY O N - TI M E HI G H S C H O O L G R A DU ATIO N

E DU CATI O NA L ACH I E V E MENT SUMMARY INDICATOR

STATE

COUNTY

Head start enrollment Fourth grade reading proficiency Fourth grade math proficiency Eighth grade reading proficiency Eigth grade math proficiency Public high school dropout rate Four year high school student loss rate Four year high school graduation rate Senior graduation rate Post-secondary educational attainment

N O TE S : a) The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) is a congressionally mandated project to continually monitor what our students know and can do in the subject areas of reading, mathematics, science and writing. The National Center for Education Statistics within the U.S. Department of Education and the Institute of Education Sciences sets the test scores based on four stages of performance: advanced, proficient, limited knowledge and unsatisfactory. b) The Office of Educational Quality and Accountability since 2005 has measured public school dropout rates as the percent of students over a four year period, rather than single year. This is calculated by the sum total of students in each graduating class who have dropped over the previous four-year period divided by total enrollment for that graduating class. c) The Office of Educational Quality and Accountability uses two methodologies to measure high school graduation rates: average high school freshman graduation rate and senior graduation rate. The senior graduation rate accounts for current year graduates divided by the sum of graduates plus the number of dropouts for only the twelfth grade. d) The freshman graduation rate divides graduating students by the enrollment for that class during their eighth through tenth grade years. The rate of student loss between ninth grade and graduation accounts for dropout rates in addition to other reasons such as transfers to other states, homeschooling and fatalities. 34

35

ECONOMIC MOBILITY Economic mobility is the ability of an individual or family to improve their economic status. The whole community benefits when more working individuals and families are able to stop walking a financial tightrope and are able to get on solid ground. Financially stable households support our local economy through their purchases in goods and services as well as increase our tax revenue, which is used for funding education and building roads and bridges. The following indicators have been chosen in order to help us understand the long-term economic health of our community.

POPULATION GROWTH

37

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS Unemployment rate Median income Financial security and retirement

37 37 38 38

POVERTY Individuals experiencing poverty Children experiencing poverty Students eligible for low-cost or free school lunches Grandparents raising grandchildren

38 38 39 40 40

HOUSING Homeownership Median gross rent Individuals experiencing homelessness

41 41 41 42

PRIORITY ECONOMIC CONCERNS OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMANS

43

36

POPULATION GROWTH Oklahoma’s population since 2007 is estimated to have grown by over 306,000 individuals with more than half of those individuals residing in Oklahoma City.

MEAN YEARLY PERCENT POPULATION G ROW TH FROM 2007 TO 2016 Nation

0.8%

State

0.9%

County

1.3%

OKC MSA

1.6%


T O TAL ESTI MATED POPULATION G ROW TH FROM 2007 TO 2016 Nation

7.5%

State

8.5%

County

11.6%

OKC MSA

15.0%


EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS U NE M P LO Y M E N T R AT E The unemployment rate in Oklahoma, Oklahoma County and Oklahoma City MSA has been below the national average since 2007-08. A peak in local unemployment was experienced during 2009-10, however, since that time unemployment rates have receded to almost better than 2007-08 rates.

PE RCE NT OF INDIVIDUALS UNE M PLOYE D FOR THE POPULATION 16 YE ARS AND OVE R YEAR

NATION

COUNTY

OKC MSA

2007-09

6.4%

5.0%

5.3%

4.9%

2009-10

10.4%

7.5%

7.5%

7.1%

2011-12

9.9%

7.2%

6.8%

6.2%

2013-14

7.8%

6.0%

6.1%

5.6%

2015-16

6.1%

5.8%

5.0%

5.0%


37

STATE

M E D I A N I N CO M E Increases in median earnings occurred both nationally and locally between 2005 and 2015 with the largest gains occurring locally. Oklahoma since 2005 has seen growth in its median earnings by 23% and Oklahoma County and Oklahoma City MSA by approximately 19% compared to the nation’s 14% growth rate. Despite substantial growth in local median earnings, Oklahoma, Oklahoma County and Oklahoma City MSA remain approximately 11% below the national rate. Forty-nine percent of central Oklahomans in 2017 report they have “improved” their overall financial security in the last five years, whereas, 19% report that their financial security has “worsened.” 44

M E DIAN INCOM E YEAR

NATION

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

2005

$30,289

$25,379

$26,481

$27,017

2015

$34,656

$31,222

$31,562


52%

O F CENTRA L O KL A H O M A N S IN 20 1 7 F E E L 44 “ S O MEWHAT S EC UR E ” F IN A N C IA LLY.

Almost 40% of central Oklahomans in 2017 report having done a “good amount” of financial planning for retirement compared to 36% that have done “not very much at all” or 11% that report having done “none at all.” 44

POVERTY I N D I V I D U A LS E X P E R I E N C I N G PO V E RTY Poverty rates across the nation and Oklahoma have remained relatively stable fluctuating only 1% to 2% over the last decade. Peak poverty rates were observed in 2010-11 at 17.1% for the state, 18.8% for Oklahoma County and 16.3% for Oklahoma City MSA. Oklahoma and Oklahoma County for all years analyzed had as much as 3% higher poverty rates than the national average; whereas, Oklahoma City MSA has had very similar rates since 2012-13.

$ $32,014

PE RCE NT OF INDIVIDUALS E XPE RIE NCING POVERTY YEAR

NATION

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

2006-07

13.2%

16.5%

16.4%

14.3%

2008-09

13.8%

16.0%

16.9%

14.8%

2010-11

15.6%

17.1%

18.8%

16.3%

2012-13

15.9%

17.0%

18.8%

15.6%

2014-15

15.1%

16.4%

17.4%

14.9%


38

POVERTY C H I L D R E N E X P E R I E N C I N G PO V E R T Y

M O R E THAN

195,000

Percent of children living in poverty across the nation has been on the rise over the last decade, but remained relatively unchanged here locally. Nationally, the peak rate in children experiencing poverty occurred in 2012-13 and although it has receded since then, it still remains 3% higher than it was 10 years ago. a

OKLAHOMA COUNTY CH ILDREN 45 IN 2015 LIVED IN POVERTY.

Locally, Oklahoma County has experienced the largest fluctuation of changes, where a peak rate in children experiencing poverty occurred in 2012-13 at 28%, an increase of more than 4% over six years. The percent of children experiencing poverty in Oklahoma County since then has decreased to almost the 2006-07 rate.

P ERC EN T O F CHILDREN EXPERIENCING POVE RTY YEAR

NATION

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

2006-07

18.2%

23.4%

24.1%

19.8%

2008-09

19.1%

22.4%

24.5%

20.4%

2010-11

22.1%

24.1%

27.9%

22.9%

2012-13

22.4%

24.1%

28.4%

22.1%

2014-15

21.2%

22.3%

25.8%

20.6%


39

On trend with the rate of children experiencing poverty, the percent of students eligible to participate in the National School Lunch Program b (NSLP), which provides low-cost or free lunches to children each school day has been on the rise since 2006 and peaking in the 2012-13 school year. Although both the overall state and Oklahoma County rates have been declining since the 2014-2015 school year, the Oklahoma County percent of students eligible for reducedprice or free lunches remains higher than the average state rate.

PE RCE NT OF S TUDE NTS ELIGIBLE FOR LOW-COST OR FREE S CHOOL L UNCHE S

During the 2015-2016 academic year in Oklahoma County, there was one school district with more than 75% of children participating in the NSLP (Putnam City); one with more than 80% of children in the school district participating (Oklahoma City) and four with more than 90% of children in the school district participating (Western Heights, Crooked Oak, Millwood, and Crutcho). 46 Fourth grade students in Oklahoma in 2015 who were eligible for free or low cost lunches were twice as likely to score “below basic” in reading and four times as likely to score “below basic” in math. 47

Oklahoma Office of Educational Quality and Accountability 38

G R A ND PA R E N T S R A I S I N G G R A N D C H I L DR E N Older Oklahomans potentially face health and financial burdens of their own. Oklahoma grandparents raising grandchildren also face the additional challenges of having to find the means to care both physically and financially for their grandchildren. 41 Number of grandparents (age 60 years +) since 2007 responsible for raising grandchildren under 18 years old has remained relatively stable both in Oklahoma and in Oklahoma County.

YEAR

STATE

COUNTY

2006-08

56.0%

58.6%

2008-10

57.6%

60.6%

2010-12

61.1%

63.8%

2012-14

62.0%

65.1%

2014-16

61.8%

63.1%

7 O F 15 S C H OO L D I ST R I CT S I N O KL A H O MA C O U N T Y H AV E H I G H E R R AT ES O F S T UD EN T S E L I G I B L E F O R LOW- C O S T O R FR EE L UN CH ES T H A N T H E AV E R AG E O VER A L L S T AT E R AT E.

PE RCE NT OF OLDE R OKLAHOMANS RAIS ING GRANDCHILDRE N YEAR

STATE

COUNTY

2007-08

2.3%

1.9%

2009-10

1.8%

1.8%

2011-12

2.2%

2.3%

2013-14

2.2%

2.0%

2015-16

2.3%

2.1%


40

HOUSING H O M E O W NE R S H I P Trends in homeownership c both locally and nationally have been declining since 2006. Locally, OK County has experienced the greatest reduction in homeownership with a loss of almost 3% over the same time period.

19%

H O MEO WN ERS HIP RATE YEAR

NATION

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

2007-11

65.9%

67.5%

61.1%

65.8%

2011-16

63.3%

65.4%

58.3%

63.6%

O F O KL A HOMA HOMEOW N ER S A R E 48 H O U S I N G C OST OVER - B UR DEN EDD .


MEDIAN GROSS RENT The median gross rent in Oklahoma state, county and city (MSA) over the last decade has on average been 23% lower than the national rate. However, over the same time period the median rent has increased locally by 25% compared to 20% nationally with the highest hike in median rent occuring between 2007-08 and 2009-10.

40%

O F O KL AHO MA R ENTER S AR E 48 H O USING CO ST O V ER - B UR DEN E D .

41

M E DIAN GROS S RE NT YEAR

NATION

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

2007-08

$807

$601

$642

$648

2009-10

$849

$648

$695

$701

2011-12

$878

$681

$734

$736

2013-14

$920

$721

$763

$772

2015-16

$970

$752

$806

$811


I N D I V I D U A LS E X P E R I E N C I N G H O M E L E S S NE S S Twenty-one percent of central Oklahoma residents in 2017 report that a critical need that must be addressed in our community is safe, affordable, accessible housing for all residents including the homeless. 2 Two year averages of individuals living in unsheltered, shelter or transitional housing shows little has changed in the number of individuals experiencing homelessness in Oklahoma City. e In 2010-11 there was an almost 12% decrease in the total count of individuals; however, this number has quickly rebounded and remained around 1,400 individuals. At least 118 households with children in 2017 experienced homelessness in Oklahoma City. 51

I N D I V I D U ALS EX P E RIENCING HOMELESSNESS IN OKLAHOM A CITY YEAR

UNSHELTERED

SHELTER

TRANSITIONAL HOUSING

TOTAL

2008-09

347

710

349

1,406

2010-11

284

693

261

1,238

2012-13

327

725

281

1,333

2014-15

229

974

193

1,396

2016-17

288

926

227

1,441

Oklahoma City Planning Department 51

11% OF IN DIVIDUA LS IN 2017 E X P E R IEN C IN G HOMELESSN ESS IN 51 O K L A HOMA C ITY WER E VETER A N S.

42

PRIORITY ECONOMIC CONCERNS OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMANS T O P T H R E E PR I O R ITY CO N CE R N S ID E N TIFIE D B Y CE N TR AL O KL A H OMA N S F OR 2 E CO N O M IC W E L L -B E IN G IN 2017 AR E : AC C ESS TO EMPLO YMENT A ND/O R JO B TR A INING F INANC IA L ED UCATIO N (BUD G ET A ND C R EDIT C O UNSELIN G ) S AF E, AF F ORDAB LE A ND AC C ESSIB LE HO USING FO R A LL C O MMUNI T Y M E M BE RS

E C O N O M I C M OB I L I TY S U M M A R Y INDICATOR Population growth Unemployment rate Median income Poverty rate Poverty rate for children under 18 years Students eligible for low-cost or free school lunches Grandparents raising grandchildren Home ownership Median gross rent Population experiencing homelessness

43

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

CITY

NOTES: a) The poverty rate for children under the age of 18 years is reflective of the number of children living in households with household income at or below 100% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). The FPL for a family of four in 2015 was $24,250. b) In order for a student to be eligible for the Free Lunch Program, their family must earn less than 130% of the FPL. Eligibility for the Reduced Price Lunch Program is determined if a student’s family earns between 130% and 185% of the FPL. c) Home ownership rates account for the percentage of residents living in owneroccupied housing. d) Individuals that are housing cost over-burdened spend 30% or more of their monthly income on rent/mortgage and utilities combined. e) In order to understand the number of individuals experiencing homelessness in Oklahoma City a one night Point-in-Time survey is administered every January. The data shared in this report is then a reflection of that one night count. According to the Corporation for Supportive Housing (Estimating the Need, 2005), a more accurate total number of individuals experiencing homelessness in a year is likely four to five times the annual one night total.

44

45

PUBLIC SAFETY Crime in Oklahoma has significant impact on the health and well-being of individuals. Research shows that adults and children who live in unsafe neighborhoods, whether this sense is perceived or actual, are less likely to engage in social activities in their neighborhoods thus increasing their levels of isolation. They are also less likely to participate in physical activities such as walking in their neighborhoods or enjoying their parks. Not surprisingly then communities with high crime rates also suffer from disproportionate higher rates of premature mortality due to chronic conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure and diabetes among others. Therefore, promoting public safety is an important factor in securing the well-being of all community members.

CRIME

Crime rate Violent crimes Non-violent crimes Juvenile crimes

47 47 47 48 48

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ILLICIT DRUGS Juvenile alcohol and drug-related arrests

49 49

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE

50

HATE CRIMES

51

ABUSE, NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION Substantiated child abuse and neglect cases Substantiated elder abuse, neglect and exploitation cases

52 52 52

46

CRIME C R I M E R AT E

CRIM E RATE OF OFFE NS E S PER 1,000 INHABITANTS

The overall crime rate across the nation, state, county and city since 2007-08 has been on a decline. Overall, since 2007-08 there has been a decrease of 11% in Oklahoma and 19% in Oklahoma County in the total number of crimes reported.

YEAR

NATION

STATE

COUNTY

CITY

2007-08

30.1

39.9

58.4

57.8

2009-10

27.3

39.5

58.6

57.9

2011-12

25.9

38.6

58.8

56.9

2013-14

24.0

35.4

50.1

49.5

2015-16

25.8

32.8

41.7

45.6

Oklahoma Bureau of Investigation 52

VIOLENT CRIMES The violent crimes of murder and rape since 2007-08 have increased by 11% and 36%, respectively, in Oklahoma and 24% and 44%, respectively, in Oklahoma City. Assaults have also increased by 2% in Oklahoma City. Robberies have decreased 13% and 20% in Oklahoma and Oklahoma City, respectively. Across Oklahoma, however, assaults have decreased by 11%. MURDER

47

RAPE

ROBBERY

ASSAULT

YEAR

STATE

CITY

STATE

CITY

STATE

CITY

STATE

CITY

2007-09

434

115

3,011

644

7,038

2,921

26,711

6,332

2009-10

420

119

2,993

634

6,659

2,361

26,241

7,371

2011-12

438

143

3,134

666

6,500

2,441

25,828

7,332

2013-14

385

107

3,639

884

6,080

2,317

22,713

6,472

2015-16

480

143

4,082

925

6,095

2,336

23,882

6,451


NO N - V I O L E NT C R I M E S Non-violent (or property) crime reporting since 2007-08 has increased across Oklahoma and in Oklahoma City. In the last decade, Oklahoma has seen an increase of 18% in burglaries, 9% in thefts and 10% in motor vehicle thefts. Oklahoma City has seen an increase of 34% in burglaries, 15% in thefts and 32% in motor vehicle thefts. BURGLARY

THEFT

MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT STATE

CITY

YEAR

STATE

CITY

STATE

CITY

2007-08

28,179

5,684

72,460

16,405

11,019

2,901

2009-10

31,526

7,327

77,974

18,749

10,808

3,793

2011-12

36,307

9,855

81,129

20,681

11,300

4,217

2013-14

37,587

10,248

81,278

19,652

10,206

3,714

2015-16

34,491

8,668

79,425

19,334

12,149

4,255


JUVENILE CRIMES The total number of juvenile crimes has decreased by 46% since 2007-08. In Oklahoma, since that time, there has been a decrease in juvenile rape (32%), robbery (34%), assault (42%), burglary (60%), larceny (42%) and motor vehicle theft (52%). Notably, however, there has been a 44% increase in murders.

TOTAL NUM BE R OF JUVE NIL E INDE X CRIM E S - OKLAHOM A YEAR

MURDER

RAPE

ROBBERY

ASSAULT

BURGLARY

THEFT

M O TO R VEHIC LE THEFT

2007-08

34

98

383

995

1,955

7,150

454

2009-10

42

58

312

864

1,667

8,268

257

2011-12

31

71

251

766

1,467

6,530

240

2013-14

26

61

281

612

1,079

5,557

212

2015-16

49

67

253

573

776

4,177

217

Oklahoma Bureau of Investigation, Uniform crime reporting program 52 48

SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND ILLICIT DRUGS J U V E N I L E A LC O H O L A N D D R U G - R EL ATE D A R R E S TS There has been since 2007-08 more than a 65% decrease in alcohol and drug-related arrests in Oklahoma. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessment have shown significant abnormalities in structural and functional abilities of adolescent brains in youth that have experienced as little as one to two years of heavy drinking (regularly consuming more than four-five drinks on a single occasion). 53 Drug possession/ manufacturing/distributing and other crimes related to substance abuse incur dire costs both financially and emotionally to the offender, their household/family and our community. Research shows that drugs do not turn non-violent criminals into violent criminals, but active addiction is a prelude to criminal activity. 54 Illicit drug use causes a destruction cascade that results in leveling a community to one with high rates of criminal activity and poverty.

SUBST ANCE AB U S E

I S CURRE N T LY E STI MATED TO A FFEC T A LMO ST

1 I N 10

O KL A H OMA YOUTH .

18

There has been a 46% decrease in juvenile arrests for drug sales and manufacturing and a 30% decrease in arrests for drug possession.

TO TAL N U MBER OF J UVENILE A LCOHOL-RELATE D ARRESTS - O KLA HOMA Oklahoma Bureau of Investigation 52

49

NUM BE R OF JUVE NIL E DRUG-RELATED ARRE S TS - OKLAHOM A YEAR

DRUG SALE/MFG.

DRUG POSSESSION

TOTAL

2007-08

3,305

2007-08

3,497

3,898

2009-10

2,591

401

2009-10

3,236

3,629

2011-12

2,281

393 265

2,696

2,961

2013-14

1,452

2011-12 2013-14

2,568

2,808

2015-16

1,148

240

2015-16

219

2,459

2,678


INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE Intimate partner violence (IPV), also known as domestic violence, imposes severe financial hardship on victims, households, private businesses, public health and human services sector, and communities. 55 More than 240,000 IPV reports were filed in Oklahoma between 2007 and 2016. The highest recorded number of reports during this period of time was in 2014 with 24,226 and the lowest in 2013 with 22,801. Although the incidence of IPV has unpredictably fluctuated every year over the last decade, the average rate of IPV shows an overall average of a 4% increase in occurrence since 2007. Comparing total numbers of specific types of IPV crimes from 2007-08 to 2015-16, there is an overarching increase in sex crimes as well as assault and batteries and a decrease in murders and assault cases. Specifically, over this time period there was a 74% and 6% increase in sex crimes and assault and batteries, respectively, and a 4% and 35% decrease in murders and assaults, respectively.

TOTAL NUM BE R OF INTIM AT E PARTNER VIOLENCE RE PORTS - OKLAHOM A Oklahoma Bureau of Investigation 52 2007-08

47,253

2009-10

50,631

2011-12

49,521

2013-14

47,027

2015-16

48,119

O KL A HO M A R A NKED FO U R T H IN T HE NAT IO N IN 2 0 16 FO R T HE NU M B ER O F WO M EN KIL L ED B Y M EN.

TO TAL N U MBER OF J UVENILE INDEX CRIME S - OKLAHOM A YEAR

MURDER

SEX CRIMES

ASSAULT

ASSAULT & BATTERY

2007-08

107

1,062

6,956

39,128

2009-10

111

1,267

6,707

42,546

2011-12

100

1,611

4,896

42,914

2013-14

96

1,623

4,825

40,483

2015-16

103

1,856

4,532

41,628


50

HATE CRIMES Hate crimes are criminal offenses against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender or gender identity. 56

T OT AL NU MB E R O F HATE/B I A S C R I M ES - OKL AH OMA

Between 2007 and 2016, there were an average of 42.2 offenses and 52.6 victims per year with the highest recorded number of offenses in 2009 (64 offenses) and the highest recorded victim count in 2012 (73 victims). The most common motivation for hate crimes in Oklahoma from 2007-16 was anti-black with a total of 177 anti-black hate crimes committed. The second most common motivation was anti-Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning (LGBTQ) with a total of 67 anti-LGBTQ hate crimes committed over the same period of time.

OFFENSES

VICTIMS

2007-08

84

109

2009-10

102

117

2011-12

85

115

2013-14

70

86

2015-16

81

99


TOTA L NUMBER O F HATE/BIAS C RIMES B Y MOT I VAT I ON ( ANT I - _) FROM 20 0 7-16 - O KLAHO MA

51

YEAR

Black

177 Other religion

13

LGBTQ

67

Islamic

11

Hispanic

38

Mental disability

6

White

32

American Indian/Alaskan Native

5

Other ethnicity/National Origin 17

Christian

5

Jewish

16

Physical disability

3

Asian/Pacific Islander

13


ABUSE, NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION S U B S TA N T I AT E D C H I L D A B U S E A N D NE GL E CT CA S E S Child abuse, neglect and maltreatment have consequences for the child, family and society that may last lifetimes, if not generations. 57 Children who have experienced abuse are nine times more likely to become involved in criminal activities in their lifetime. 58 Adults that experienced abuse as children are more likely to commit interpersonal violence in their future relationships, perpetuating the cycle of abuse. 59 On average 27% of all investigated child abuse and neglect cases in Oklahoma and 29% in OK County are deemed “substantiated.” Since 2007, there have been more than 114,000 substantiated cases of child abuse and neglect in Oklahoma of which more than 26,000 of those cases were from Oklahoma County. Cases represent a duplicated count in situations where a family was investigated more than once and also does not represent a single child as cases may involve multiple children from a family.

81 % O F C ON F IR MED OKLA HOMA

CA S E S I N 20 1 6 WER E DETER MIN ED TO B E M A LT R E ATMEN T B Y N EGLEC T .

60

NUM BE R OF S UBSTANTIATED CHILD ABUSE AND NE GL E CT CASES YEAR

STATE

COUNTY

2007-08

24,905

6,723

2009-10

15,853

4,001

2011-12

17,952

4,192

2013-14

25,577

5,046

2015-16

30,439

6,104

Oklahoma Department of Human Services 61

S U B S TA N T I AT E D E L D E R A B U S E , N E GL E CT A ND E XPLO I TATI O N CA S E S Older Oklahomans compose 14.2% of Oklahoma’s population with this population anticipated to increase to over 20% of the total population by 2030. 62 Elder abuse and exploitation includes financial, physical or emotional exploitation and is an intentional act, or failure to act, by a caregiver or another person in a relationship involving an expectation of trust that causes or creates a risk of harm to an older adult (age 60+ years). 63

52

ABUSE, NEGLECT AND EXPLOITATION S U B S TA N T I AT E D E L D E R A B U S E , N E GL E CT A ND E XPLO I TATI O N CA S E S The total number of investigated and substantiated elder abuse, neglect and exploitation cases has declined across the state as well as in Oklahoma County over the last decade. Forty-two percent of all cases investigated in Oklahoma and 37% in Oklahoma County in 2015-16 combined were determined “substantiated.” In the last decade almost 10,000 elder abuse, neglect and exploitation cases in Oklahoma County alone have been substantiated.

N U MBER O F E LDER A BUSE, NEG LECT A ND EX P LO I TATI O N SUBSTA NTIATED CA SES YEAR

STATE

COUNTY

2007-08

21,304

2,173

2009-10

21,147

2,085

2011-12

18,174

1,909

2013-14

15,037

2,117

2015-16

10,564

1,588

Oklahoma Department of Human Services 61

55 % OF E LDE R ABUSE CASE S I NVOLVI NG FIN AN CIAL ABUS E OCCU R S WITHIN FAMILIE S B ECAU SE PE RPE TRATORS ARE COMMON LY DE PE N D EN T ON THE SEN IOR ADULT . 64

53

(CONTINUED)

P U B L I C S A F E TY S U M M A R Y INDICATOR

STATE

COUNTY

CITY

Crime rate Violent crimes Non-violent crimes Violent crimes (juvenile) Non-violent crimes (juvenile) Alcohol-related arrests (juvenile) Drug-related arrests (juvenile) Intimate partner crimes Hate crimes Child abuse and neglect Elder abuse, neglect and exploitation

54

55

SOCIAL CAPITAL Much like physical and human capital that use tools and training to enhance an individual’s productivity, social capital refers to relationships and connections that build trust, create a sense of community and empower residents to work together for mutual benefit. Researchers in numerous disciplines have found that societally engaged communities are more likely to have successful outcomes in areas of education, urban poverty, unemployment, crime, drug abuse and overall health. For these reasons and many others, life is easier and more enjoyable when a community has a high level of social capital. Social capital is a core concept that encompasses numerous aspects of civic engagement and social connectedness. In this section we will explore central Oklahoma’s past and present civic and societal engagement to assess our community’s social capital.

SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS Volunteerism Neighborhoods Arts and culture

57 57 58 59

TRANSPORTATION Accessibility and reliability

60 60

CIVIC ENGAGEMENT

60

TRUST AND HOPE

62

56

SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS VO L U N T E E R I S M Volunteering is the act of giving of one’s time, talent and skills in order to improve the lives of others. Volunteerism benefits those who volunteer by reducing isolation, improving health and for volunteers who are unemployed, increasing the likelihood of finding a job. 65, 66 As is true for our nation, state and city, aspects of generosity such as giving of one’s time, talent and treasures go hand in hand. Volunteerism nationally and in Oklahoma has declined to 25% of individuals since 2005. While the percent of individuals volunteering in Oklahoma City for the first time in more than a decade fell below the national average to 22.5%. In Oklahoma City, on average 64.7% of residents informally a or spontaneously volunteer compared to 62.5% nationally (data not shown). Notably, these numbers have surged in years in which disasters have struck the metro area such as the tornadoes in 2013 (data not shown). The average annual hours spent volunteering in Oklahoma has also simultaneously decreased while volunteer retention saw a peak in 2014 at 64.4%, but has otherwise remained stable between 59% to 61% since 2011.

AV ERAGE AN NUA L HOURS SERVED - OKLA HOM A Corporation for National & Community Service 67

57

2008-10

37.3

2011-13

32.4

2014-15

33.2

PE RCE NT OF INDIVIDUALS VOLUNTEERING YEAR

NATION

STATE

OKC MSA

2004-06

27.8%

30.7%

30.7%

2007-09

26.6%

29.7%

33.4%

2010-12

26.6%

27.4%

27.5%

2013-15

25.1%

25.4%

22.5%

Corporation for National & Community Service 67

VO L U NT E E R I S M

(C O NT INU ED)

Financial giving to charitable organizations has seen an overall decrease in Oklahoma City since 2008. Peaks of giving were experienced in 2009 and 2011 when more than 60% of Oklahoma City residents reported donating $25 or more to a nonprofit organization.

T H O S E W H O A R E G E NER O U S WI T H T H EI R T I ME A R E M O R E T H A N T W I C E A S LI KELY T O B E G EN ER O U S W I T H T H E I R ‘PU R SE ST R I N G S. ’

P ERC EN T O F INDIVIDUA LS DONATING $25 OR M ORE IN THE LAS T YE AR - OKC M S A Corporation for National & Community Service 67 2008

49.9%

2012

46.1%

2009

60.0%

2013

43.1%

2010

57.6%

2014

45.4%

2011

60.2%

2015

41.9%

NEIGHBORHOODS Safe and healthy neighborhoods foster opportunities, resources and an environment that children, youth and adults need to maximize their life outcomes. Positive, regular interaction with a small group such as your neighbors enables individuals to commit themselves to each other and build a community network that ultimately knits a social fabric. Neighborhood engagement in Oklahoma City has decreased since 2008-09 when over 8% of households in Oklahoma City felt they were actively involved in their neighborhood. Since that time neighborhood participation has decreased by more than half averaging around 4% in 2014-15.

HOUS E HOL DS ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN NE IGHBORHOOD - OKC MSA Corporation for National & Community Service 67 2006-07

4.9%

2008-09

8.7%

2010-11

7.7%

2012-13

7.3%

2014-15

4.2% 58

SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS A R TS A N D C U LT U R E Engagement in art and cultural events has been shown to have numerous individual and community-wide benefits. For example, participation in arts and cultural events leads to increased creativity, development of skills in identifying new solutions to personal problems and creating a greater connectedness to one’s community. Additionally, art and cultural experiences provide an avenue to exchange ideas and perspectives across traditional boundaries. These opportunities broaden our horizons and make each of us more compassionate and empathetic towards others. Such relationships can then bridge social, political, socioeconomic and other gaps causing a ripple effect that builds towards being able to work and make progress together. 68

46%

O F I N D I VI D U A LS IN C EN TR A L O K L A H O M A WHO HAVE N OT PA R T I C I PAT E D I N A N Y A R TS OR C U LT U R A L AC T I VITIES IN THE LA ST 12 M O N T H S R E POR TED IT WA S B E CAU S E T H E S E AC TIVITIES W ER E 2 T O O E X P EN SIVE . T H E S E C O N D M O S T L I KELY R EA SO N ( 41 %) W H Y I N D I V I D U A LS H AD N O T AT T EN D ED A N A R T S O R C U LT U R A L EXPER I EN CE I N T H E L A S T 1 2 M O N T H S WA S B ECAU SE

T H E Y W E R E TOO B USY.

2

ATTENDANCE AT ART AND C ULTURAL EVE NT S – CE NT R AL OKL AH OMA United Way of Central Oklahoma 2

Live country, jazz or blues performance in Oklahoma

17.4%

Play, musical or some other kind of stage performance in Oklahoma

21.1%

Live performance of classical or symphonic music by professional or semi-professionals in Oklahoma

10.7%

Live performance of ballet, modern dance, folk, ethnic or jazz dancing by professional or semi-professionals in Oklahoma

59

9.0%

The Festival of Arts, Red Earth or any other arts festival or cultural events in Oklahoma

22.6%

Attended a school age arts performance, concert or play

19.1%

TRANSPORTATION AC C E S S I B I L I T Y A N D R E L I A B I L I T Y Accessibility and reliability of transportation enables our community members to lead productive and fulfilling lives. more than 90% of central Oklahomans use a personal vehicle for daily travel to work, leisure, shopping and medical appointments. 69

4%

O F I N D I V IDUA LS SURVEY ED DO N OT HAVE R E L I A B L E TR A N SP OR TATION F OR TA KIN G 69 T H E I R C HILDR EN TO SC HOOL.

CIVIC ENGAGEMENT C I V I C E NG AG E M E N T Civic: Of or relating to a citizen, a city, citizenship or community affairs. 70 Democracy: A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections. 71

There exists an important link between a civic-minded society and democracy in order for a community to thrive. Research across diverse disciplines has firmly established that successful outcomes in fields fields of education; urban poverty; unemployment; control of crime and drug abuse; and health are more likely in civically engaged communities. Civic engagement also powerfully affects the performance, efficiency and effectiveness of a representative government. 72

60

CIVIC ENGAGEMENT C I V I C E NG AG E M E N T

(C O NT INU ED)

One of the key measures to evaluate civic democratic engagement is to measure conventional political participation such as percent of eligible voters who are registered to vote and community members attending public meetings. The percent of eligible voters who are registered to vote in Oklahoma state and county has steadily declined since 2009 even in presidential election years, which have historically demonstrated a renewal in political engagement from voters. Percent of individuals attending public/civic meetings peaked in 2008-09 and bottomed out in 2013-14 at 10% and 5%, respectively.

P ERC EN T O F HOUSEHOLDS THAT HAVE ATTE NDE D A P U BL I C /C I V I C MEETING - OKC MSA Corporation for National & Community Service 67

61

2006-07

8.3%

2008-09

10.0%

2010-11

8.6%

2012-13

5.0%

2014-15

6.9%

PE RCE NT OF E L IGIBLE VO TERS WHO ARE RE GIS TE RE D TO VOTE YEAR

STATE

COUNTY

2006-07

76.1%

72.3%

2008-09

77.7%

76.6%

2010-11

74.3%

74.5%

2012-13

71.3%

72.9%

2014-15

69.3%

69.6%

U.S. Census Bureau 73 and Oklahoma State Election Board 74

TRUST AND HOPE D O YO U TRUST YOU R NE I G H BORS ?

TRUST AND HOPE Trust is a form of social capital that bridges socially different groups and connects people of different backgrounds. Trust allows us to be more tolerant of others who are different than ourselves such as immigrants and minorities – as well as being more favorable to policies that involve interactions with populations that are of different backgrounds than our own. 75

10 . 3 %

14 . 2 % YES NO PREFER NOT TO ANSWER

Seventy-five percent of central Oklahomans when surveyed in 2017 reported that they trusted their neighbors while almost 60% of individuals reported that they did not trust their elected public officials. Higher levels of hope in central Oklahomans in 2017 are correlated with individuals who are more successful in their goal attainment. 2 Central Oklahomans that do not trust their neighbors also are more likely to have lower levels of hope and less likely to feel as though they are flourishing (data not shown). 2

2

75 . 5 %

DO YO U TR UST YOU R E LE C T E D OFFI C I A LS ?

17 . 6 %

2

22 . 5 %

NO YES PREFER NOT TO ANSWER

59 . 8 % 62

S O C I A L CA PI TA L INDICATOR

STATE

COUNTY

OKC MSA

Volunteerism Hours served Charitable giving Neighborhood involvement Eligible voters who are registered to vote Attend public/civic meeting

NOTES: a) In the 2007 Vital Signs: Oklahoma County Demographics, Trends and Indicators, we reported that 73% of respondents to our Oklahoma County Household Survey had a household member who donated to a nonprofit or charitable organization in the past 12 months. Since that time the Corporation for National & Community Service has begun to report on the percentage of individuals who donate $25 or more in the last year.

63

TH ANK YOU ! ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

R E S E A R C H A ND CO M M U NI TY I NI TI ATI V E S CO M M I TTE E Dr. Don Betz – Chair Jane Abraham Nancy Anthony Shea Bracken Cordell Brown Dr. Kent Buchanan

Mike Coats Mary Jane Coffman Deborah Copeland Michael Davis Tim Doty Drew Dugan

Brad Ezell Dr. Marti Ferretti Kirk Hall Kristin Holland Marsha Ingersoll Christi Jernigan-Marshall

Austin Manger J.T. Petherick Meg Salyer Connie Schlittier Dr. Dave Schroeder Steven Shepelwich

Perry Sneed Tracey Strader Bob Toler Lori Wharton

VO L U N T E E R R E V I E WE R S

U NI TE D WAY O F CE NTRAL OKLAHOMA ST AFF

Clay Bennett,

Debby Hampton

Chair, Oklahoma County Criminal Justice Reform Project

Steven Buck,

Executive Director, Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs

Alex Roth,

Program Associate, Vera Institute of Justice

Natalie Shirley,

President, OSU-OKC and Oklahoma Secretary of Education & Workforce Development

Rev. Dr. William Tabbernee,

Executive Director, Oklahoma Conferences of Churches

Tony Tyler,

Vice President, Tyler Media Group

President and CEO

Wendi Schuur

Vice President of Communications

Crystal Stuhr

Vice President of Strategies and Community Impact

Amanda Templeton, PhD

Director of Research and Advocacy

Andrew Underkoffler, MA

Manager of Research and Convening

Chad Wilkerson,

Vice President and Oklahoma City Branch Executive, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City

Roy Williams,

Kimberly Vautrin

Creative Design Manager

President & CEO, Greater Oklahoma City Chamber 64

REFERENCES

65

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[ O n l i n e ] FY 2 0 1 6 . h t t p : / / w w w . o k d h s . o r g / l i b ra r y / r p t s / Pa g e s / s 1 6 _ o k d h s a n n u a l r e p o r t _ t a b l e s . a s p x . 6 1 . — . F i s c a l Ye a r 2 0 0 1 - 2 0 1 5 A n n u a l R e p o r t s . D H S R e p o r t s . [ O n l i n e ] 2 0 1 7 . h t t p : / / w w w . o k d h s . o r g / s i t e s / s e a r c h c e n t e r / Pa g e s / o k d h s r e p o r t r e s u l t s . a s p x . 6 2 . U n i t e d S t a t e s C e n s u s B u r e a u / A m e r i c a n Fa c t F i n d e r. U n i t e d S t a t e s C e n s u s B u r e a u / A m e r i c a n Fa c t F i n d e r. [ O n l i n e ] U . S . C e n s u s B u r e a u ’s A m e r i c a n , 2 0 1 5 . h t t p : / / f a c t f i n d e r 2 . c e n s u s . g o v. G CT 0 1 0 3 . ST 0 5 . 6 3 . C e n t e r s f o r D i s e a s e C o n t r o l a n d P r e v e n t i o n . E l d e r a b u s e : d e f i n i t i o n s . V i o l e n c e p r e v e n t i o n . [ O n l i n e ] J u n e 2 0 1 6 . h t t p s : / / w w w . c d c . g o v/ v i o l e n c e p r e v e n t i o n / e l d e ra b u s e / d e f i n i t i o n s . h t m l . 6 4 . K i l l a c k e y, J . E l d e r a b u s e i s o n t h e r i s e i n O k l a h o m a , o f f i c a l s s a y. N e w s O K . [ O n l i n e ] 2 0 1 5 . 6 5 . G r i m m , R o b e r t , K i m b e r l y S p r i n g , a n d N a t h a n D i e t z . T h e H e a l t h B e n e f i t s o f V o l u n t e e r i n g : A R e v i e w o f R e c e n t R e s e a r c h . C o r p o ra t i o n f o r N a t i o n a l & C o m m u n i t y S e r v i c e , A p r i l 2 0 0 7 . [ O n l i n e ] h t t p : / / w w w . n a t i o n a l s e r v i c e . g o v/ p d f / 0 7 _ 0 5 0 6 _ h b r. p d f . 6 6 . S p e ra , C h i s t o p h e r, R o b i n G h e r t n e r, A n t h o n y N e r i n o , a n d A d r i e n n e D i To m m a s o . V o l u n t e e r i n g a s a Pa t h w a y t o E m p l o y m e n t : D o e s V o l u n t e e r i n g I n c r e a s e O d d s o f F i n d i n g a J o b f o r t h e O u t o f W o r k ? C o r p o ra t i o n f o r N a t i o n a l & C o m m u n i t y S e r v i c e . [ O n l i n e ] J u n e 2 0 1 3 . h t t p : / / w w w . n a t i o n a l s e r v i c e . g o v/ s i t e s / d e f a u l t / f i l e s / u p l o a d / e m p l o y m e n t _ r e s e a r c h _ r e p o r t . p d f . 6 7 . C o r p o ra t i o n f o r N a t i o n a l & C o m m u n i t y S e r v i c e . V o l u n t e e r i n g a n d C i v i c L i f e i n A m e r i c a . [ O n l i n e ] 2 0 0 4 - 2 1 5 . h t t p s : / / w w w . n a t i o n a l s e r v i c e . g o v/ v c l a . 6 8 . F i n e A r t s Fu n d . T h e A r t s R i p p l e E f f e c t : A R e s e a r c h - B a s e d S t ra t e g y t o B u i l d S h a r e d R e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r t h e A r t s . [ O n l i n e ] To p o s Pa r t n e r s h i p s f o r Fu n e A r t s Fu n d , J a n u a r y 2 0 1 0 . f i n eartsfund.org. 6 9 . U n i t e d Wa y o f C e n t ra l O k l a h o m a . 2 0 1 7 U n i t e d Wa y o f C e n t ra l O k l a h o m a C o m m u n i t y N e e d s A s s e s s m e n t : H o u s e h o l d S u r v e y. 2 0 1 7 . 7 0 . M e r r i a m - W e b s t e r. c o m . C i v i c . [ O n l i n e ] h t t p s : / / w w w . m e r r i a m - w e b s t e r. c o m / d i c t i o n a r y / c i v i c . 7 1 . M e r r i a m - w e b s t e r. c o m . D e m o c ra c y. [ O n l i n e ] f r o m h t t p s : / / w w w . m e r r i a m - w e b s t e r. c o m / d i c t i o n a r y / d e m o c ra c y. 7 2 . P u t n a m , R D . B o w l i n g a l o n e : A m e r i c a ’s d e c l i n i n g s o c i a l c a p i t a l . J o u r n a l o f D e m o c ra c y. [ O n l i n e ] 1 9 9 5 . 7 3 . U . S . C e n s u s B u r e a u , A m e r i c a n C o m m u n i t y S u r v e y. 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O k l a h o m a S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t o f H e a l t h ( O S D H ) , C e n t e r f o r H e a l t h S t a t i s t i c s , H e a l t h C a r e I n f o r m a t i o n . B e h a v i o ra l R i s k Fa c t o r S u r v e i l l a n c e Sy s t e m 2 0 0 5 - 2 0 1 5 . O k l a h o m a S t a t i s t i c s o n H e a l t h Av a i l a b l e f o r E v e r y o n e ( O K 2 S H A R E ) . [ O n l i n e ] 2 0 1 7 . h t t p : / / w w w . h e a l t h . o k . g o v/ o k 2 s h a r e . 7 8 . P r e v e n t i o n , C e n t e r s f o r D i s e a s e C o n t r o l a n d . I n f a n t M o r t a l i t y. [ O n l i n e ] 2 0 1 6 . [ C i t e d : M a y 5 , 2 0 1 7 . ] h t t p s : / / w w w . c d c . g o v/ r e p r o d u c t i v e h e a l t h / m a t e r n a l i n f a n t h e a l t h / i n f a n t m o r t a l i t y. h t m . 79. Problems, Association of Maternal & Child Health. Association of Maternal & Child Health Problems. [Online] 2017. [Cited: May 5, 2017.] http://www.amchp.org/pages/default.aspx . 66

P r i m a r y d a t a w a s c o l l e c t e d b y a w e b - b a s e d h o u s e h o l d s u r v e y o f o v e r 8 0 0 i n d i v i d u a l s l i v i n g i n c e n t ra l O k l a h o m a . T h e r e s e a r c h w a s c o n d u c t e d b y U n i t e d Wa y o f C e n t ra l O k l a h o m a i n c o l l a b o ra t i o n w i t h t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f O k l a h o m a - Tu l s a C e n t e r o f A p p l i e d R e s e a r c h f o r N o n p r o f i t O r g a n i z a t i o n s . Secondary data was obtained from the most recent records and documents available from public and private agencies. T h e i n f o r m a t i o n c o n t a i n e d h e r e i n h a s b e e n o b t a i n e d f r o m r e a s o n a b l y r e l i a b l e s o u r c e s . U n i t e d Wa y o f C e n t ra l O k l a h o m a m a k e s n o g u a ra n t e e , e i t h e r e x p r e s s o r i m p l i e d , a s t o t h e a c c u ra c y o f s u c h i n f o r m a t i o n . A l l d a t a c o n t a i n e d h e r e i n i s s u b j e c t t o e r r o r s , o m i s s i o n s a n d c h a n g e s . R e p r o d u c t i o n , d i s s e m i n a t i o n o r u s e o f i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h i s r e p o r t i s g ra n t e d p r o v i d e d t h a t a t t r i b u t i o n i s g i v e n t o U n i t e d Wa y o f C e n t ra l O k l a h o m a . Recommended citation: U n i t e d Wa y o f C e n t ra l O k l a h o m a . ( 2 0 1 7 ) . V i t a l S i g n s : a D e c a d e R e v i e w . O k l a h o m a C i t y, O K . Av a i l a b l e a t h t t p : / / w w w . u n i t e d w a y o k c . o r g / r e s e a r c h / l i b ra r y.

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