Worcestershire Health and Wellbeing Board Joint Strategic Needs ...

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Worcestershire Health and Wellbeing Board Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA)

Domestic Abuse and Violence Needs Assessment July 2016 www.worcestershire.gov.uk/jsna

Project/Commissioning Manager: Project Sponsor/Clinical lead: Intelligence lead: Strategic Priority: Care Pathway: Date: Version: Document Location: Review Date:

Rosie Winyard Frances Howie Mark Sheldon Prevention services Domestic abuse July 2016 v1

Needs Assessment July 2016

Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... 4 List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... 6 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 7 Statement of the Problem...................................................................................................... 10 National Policy and Context ............................................................................................... 10 Statutory Duties ............................................................................................................. 10 Local policy ........................................................................................................................ 12 Policy Scope and Context .................................................................................................. 14 Scope............................................................................................................................. 14 Context .......................................................................................................................... 15 Summary of Findings and Recommendations ....................................................................... 16 Findings ......................................................................................................................... 16 Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 16 Population Trends and Needs ............................................................................................... 17 Population trends............................................................................................................... 17 Groups of Interest ................................................................................................................. 18 National Overview ............................................................................................................. 18 Crime Survey for England and Wales 2015 .................................................................... 20 Number of people within group of interest ...................................................................... 23 Characteristics of Victims and Offenders ........................................................................ 27 Geographic Profile of Domestic Abuse ........................................................................... 28 Domestic Abuse and Deprivation ................................................................................... 33 Offence and incident types ............................................................................................. 36 Health Data .................................................................................................................... 37 Impact on Children and Young People ........................................................................... 37 By Location .................................................................................................................... 44 By Deprivation ................................................................................................................ 46 Aspirations of the Population ............................................................................................. 48 Summary of Choice Checker Findings ........................................................................... 48 Outcomes Assessment ......................................................................................................... 49 Current Service Provision...................................................................................................... 50 Model of Service Provision ............................................................................................. 50 Current activity ............................................................................................................... 54 Current Costs ................................................................................................................. 57 Assessment of Current Services ........................................................................................ 60 Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness ............................................................................. 60 Alternative Models of Service Provision ............................................................................. 72 Page | 2

Needs Assessment July 2016 Appendices ........................................................................................................................... 74 Appendix 1: Key National Plans and Local Policies ........................................................... 74 Appendix 2: Population Trends and Needs ........................................................................ 76 Population Living in Deprivation ..................................................................................... 77 Appendix 3: Counting Rules for Recorded Crime............................................................... 80 Appendix 4: National Crime Recording Standard - Crime Recording Flowchart ................. 82 Appendix 5: National Incident Category List ...................................................................... 84 Appendix 6: Domestic Abuse by National Deprivation Deciles ........................................... 85 Appendix 7: Domestic Abuse Rates LSOA Matrix .............................................................. 87 Appendix 8: Domestic Abuse and Homelessness ............................................................ 100 Appendix 9: Choice Checkers Summary Report August 2014 ......................................... 102 Appendix 10: Public Health Outcomes for Domestic Abuse ............................................. 112 Appendix 11: Domestic Abuse Services Referral Pathways............................................. 113 Appendix 12: Incoming Calls to Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Helpline by Postcode District 2012-13 to 2014-15.............................................................................................. 116 Appendix 13: IDVAs and MARACs .................................................................................. 118 Appendix 14: MARAC Data ............................................................................................. 119 Appendix 15: WMWA Service Outcomes ......................................................................... 121 Appendix 16: Stonham Freedom Programme Outcomes ................................................. 123 Appendix 17: Summary of Evidence using the Campbell Collaboration Systematic Review ........................................................................................................................................ 125 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 134 Additional Information ...................................................................................................... 137

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Needs Assessment July 2016

List of Figures Figure 1: Percentage of adults aged 16 to 59 who experienced intimate violence since the age of 16, by sex and headline category, 2013-14 CSEW ............................................................... 21 Figure 2: Percentage of adults aged 16 to 59 who were victims of domestic abuse, in the last year by household income and sex, CSEW, financial year 2013-14 ......................................... 22 Figure 3: Rate of domestic abuse incidents recorded by the police per 1,000 population for Worcestershire and comparators by financial year ................................................................... 23 Figure 4: Total Monthly Police Recorded Domestic Abuse for Worcestershire County April 2008 to August 2015 ......................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 5: Total Monthly Police Recorded Domestic Abuse by North and South Worcestershire April 2008 to August 2015......................................................................................................... 25 Figure 6: Number of Domestic Abuse Victims in Worcestershire by Age and Gender, April 2014 to March 2015........................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 7: Number of Domestic Abuse Offenders in Worcestershire by Age and Gender, financial year 2014-15 ............................................................................................................................ 28 Figure 8: Rate of Domestic Abuse Incidents per 1,000 population by LSOA, financial year 201415 ............................................................................................................................................. 29 Figure 9: Rate of Domestic Abuse Crimes per 1,000 population by LSOA, financial year 2014-15 ................................................................................................................................................. 30 Figure 10: Rate of Domestic Abuse Victims per 1,000 population by LSOA, financial year 201415 ............................................................................................................................................. 32 Figure 11: Number of Total Recorded Domestic Abuse Crimes and Incidents by National Income Deprivation Decile, financial year 2014-15 ................................................................... 34 Figure 12: Rate of Domestic Abuse Crimes and Incidents per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, financial year 2014-15 ................................................................... 35 Figure 13: Number of children exposed to domestic abuse crimes and incidents in Worcestershire by year 2013-14 to Q3 2015-16 ...................................................................... 38 Figure 14: Number of children involved in domestic abuse incidents and number of times exposed to domestic violence in Worcestershire by year and quarter. ...................................... 39 Figure 15: Percentage of Parent/Carer Assessments by the Number of Risk Factors Recorded, Q1 2015-16 to Q2 2015-16 ....................................................................................................... 40 Figure 16: Percentage of Assessments with Risk Factors recorded Q3 2014-15 to Q2 2015-16 ................................................................................................................................................. 41 Figure 17 - Factors recorded at Initial Child Protections Conferences 2013-14 and 2014-15*... 42 Figure 18: Number of Risk Factors (April – September 2015 based on CSC Assessment factors) ................................................................................................................................................. 43 Figure 19: Rate of Social Care Assessments where Domestic Violence has been identified as a factor per 1,000 population by LSOA, 2013-14 and 2014-15 .................................................... 44 Figure 20: Rate of Assessments of Children where Domestic Violence is recorded as a factor per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, 2013-14 and 2014-15................. 46 Figure 21: Pyramid of Support .................................................................................................. 50 Figure 22: Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Services Flowchart ............................................... 53 Figure 23: Number of calls to Worcestershire (WOR) Domestic Abuse helpline by month and year 2012-13 to 2015-16 .......................................................................................................... 54 Figure 24: Number of calls to Worcestershire (WOR) Domestic Abuse helpline by Postcode District 2012-13 to 2014-15....................................................................................................... 56 Figure 25: Referrals to MARAC by Agency and Area, Quarter 1 2015-16 ................................. 62 Figure 26: Number of Police Incidents before and after MARAC in North and South Worcestershire April 2010 to March 2011 ................................................................................. 63 Figure 27: WMWA Worcestershire Referrals by Organisation Apr-Dec 2015 ............................ 65 Figure 28: WMWA Worcestershire Referrals Activity Apr-Dec 2015 ......................................... 66 Figure 29: WMWA Worcestershire Service User Ethnic Group Apr-Dec 2015 .......................... 67 Figure 30: Stonham Worcestershire Referral Numbers Apr-Dec 2015 ...................................... 69 Figure 31: Stonham Worcestershire Service User Ethnic Group Apr-Dec 2015 ........................ 70 Figure 32: Percentage of Population in each National Deprivation Quintile ............................... 78 Page | 4

Needs Assessment July 2016 Figure 33: Index of Multiple Deprivation Score by Lower Super Output Area 2010 ................... 79 Figure 34: Crime Recording Flowchart...................................................................................... 82 Figure 35: Rate of Domestic Abuse Crimes per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, 2014-15...................................................................................................... 85 Figure 36: Rate of Domestic Abuse Incidents per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, 2014-15...................................................................................................... 86 Figure 37: Rate of Domestic Abuse Victims per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, 2014-15...................................................................................................... 86 Figure 38: Priority need by category in Worcestershire 2009-2014 ......................................... 100 Figure 39: Reasons for loss of last settled home in Worcestershire 2009-2014 ...................... 101 Figure 40: How people rated the importance of services ........................................................ 103 Figure 41: Stakeholders ratings of the quality of the services provided ................................... 107 Figure 42: Stakeholders rating of the importance of services .................................................. 110 Figure 43: Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Service Referral Pathway – Community Support 113 Figure 44: Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Service Referral Pathway - Refuge..................... 114 Figure 45: Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Service Referral Pathway – Male Cases............. 115 Figure 46: Number of Incoming calls to Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Helpline by Postcode District Area and Year 2012-13 to 2014-15 ............................................................................. 116 Figure 47: How IDVAs and MARACs work ............................................................................. 118 Figure 48: Number of Cases discussed at MARAC in Worcestershire by Case Type 2008-2015 ............................................................................................................................................... 119 Figure 49: Number of Cases discussed at MARAC in Worcestershire by Area 2008-2015 ..... 119 Figure 50: WMWA Service Outcomes for Safety 2015-16 Q1 to Q2 ....................................... 121 Figure 51: WMWA Service Outcomes for Health and Well-Being 2014-15 Q1 to Q2 .............. 122 Figure 52: WMWA Service Outcomes Stability and Resilience 2015-16 Q1 to Q2 .................. 122 Figure 53: Service Users Before Commencing The Freedom Programme .............................. 123 Figure 54: Service Users After Completing The Freedom Programme ................................... 124

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List of Tables Table 1: Total Police Recorded Domestic Abuse in Worcestershire by Policing Area and Financial Year........................................................................................................................... 24 Table 2: 10 LSOAs with the Highest Domestic Abuse Incident Rates per 1,000 population in financial year 2014-15 .............................................................................................................. 30 Table 3: 10 LSOAs with Highest Domestic Abuse Crime Rates per 1,000 population in financial year 2014-15 ............................................................................................................................ 31 Table 4: 10 LSOAs with the highest rate of Domestic Abuse Victims per 1,000 population in financial year 2014-15 .............................................................................................................. 32 Table 5: Top 5 DA Broad Offence Types & Proportion of all DA Offences in Worcestershire financial year 2014-15 .............................................................................................................. 36 Table 6: Top 5 DA Broad Offence Types & Proportion of all DA Incidents in Worcestershire financial year 2014-15 .............................................................................................................. 36 Table 7 - Domestic Abuse Risk Factors recorded on Referrals in Q4 2014-15 to Q2 2015-16 .. 39 Table 8: 10 LSOAs with the Highest Rate of Social Care Assessments with Domestic Violence identified as a factor during 2013-14 and 2014-15 per 1,000 population. .................................. 45 Table 9: Capacity of Contracted Services ................................................................................. 52 Table 10: WMWA Worcestershire Referrals from Helpline, April 2015 to December 2015 ........ 52 Table 11: Stonham Worcestershire Referrals, April 2015 to December 2015............................ 52 Table 12: Number of Incoming Calls (IC) to the WMWA Helpline (HL) for Worcestershire Domestic Abuse (WOR) ........................................................................................................... 54 Table 13: Number of incoming calls (IC) to WMWA helpline (HL) for Worcestershire Domestic Abuse (WOR) in 2015-16 compared to 2014-15 ....................................................................... 55 Table 14: Estimated Cost of Domestic Violence, 2001 and 2008 .............................................. 57 Table 15: Estimated Cost of Domestic Violence by Service, 2001 and 2008 ............................ 58 Table 16: Estimated Costs of Domestic Violence in Worcestershire ......................................... 58 Table 17: Key Statistics from the HMIC PEEL Report comparing West Mercia Police with England and Wales during the 12 month period to 31st March 2015 ........................................ 60 Table 18: MARAC Data April 2014 to March 2015 .................................................................... 61 Table 19: Population projections for Worcestershire 2014-2029 ............................................... 76 Table 20: Ethnic Group estimates for Worcestershire 2011 census compared with 2001 ......... 77 Table 21: Calculated Populations of Adults Living in the Two Most Deprived Quintiles by Worcestershire District .............................................................................................................. 78 Table 22: National Incident Category List ................................................................................. 84 Table 23: Domestic Abuse Crime, Incident, Victim and Social Care Assessment Rates by LSOA per 1,000 population ................................................................................................................. 87 Table 24: How people rated the importance of services .......................................................... 104 Table 25: Relevant Outcomes from the PHOF ........................................................................ 112 Table 26: Number of Incoming calls to Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Helpline by Postcode District Area and Year 2012-13 to 2014-15 ............................................................................. 117 Table 27: North and South MARAC Information April 2010 to March 2011 ............................. 120

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Executive Summary 1. There are significant limitations to the reliability of data relating to domestic abuse incidents and crimes. These stem from differences in definitions used across the system and over time, and mean that some caution should be exerted in conclusions drawn from the data presented here. This applies too to local estimates drawn from national estimates. 2. Whilst the available data allows for some conclusions to be drawn for service planning purposes, it must also be stressed that local and national figures are known to be an under-reporting of the true incidence of domestic abuse and violence. One study has found that women typically experience 35 incidents of abuse or violence before reporting this to authorities. We have also heard from women who say that they sought help from professionals who did not address the cause of their presenting problem, and so again domestic abuse and violence would have gone unreported. 3. Changes in estimated and actual numbers are difficult to interpret because an increase in reported rates may be a sign that police are more able to recognise and deal with domestic abuse than they were in the past, meaning that historically established criminal behaviours are now being addressed assertively by police, so there is no significant change in incidence. However, as awareness grows about more engaged policing on domestic abuse, women and other agencies may be more likely to involve the police. Conclusions about the validity or significance of increased rates are hard to draw. 4. Historically, funding for specialist domestic abuse services has been chequered, with no embedding of it within the mainstream commissioning pathways of police, housing or health. In Worcestershire, funding from the County Council has predominantly been from Supporting People and Public Health Ring-fenced Grant programmes. The Supporting People grant was discontinued some years ago and there were cuts to the PHRG in 2015-16, with further reductions projected through the next 4 years. There will also be a national consultation in 15-16 about the future of the PHRG, testing a suggestion that the ring-fence be removed and the funding to be included in the overall budged for the County Council, moving to full business rate funding in line with central Government policy. 5. Against this backcloth of uncertainty about finances and the epidemiological profile, it is important that WCC reshapes its commissioning intentions, giving contract holders some clarity about income and expectation. This needs assessment provides the basis for commissioning priorities, within whatever budget envelope is secured. 6. Statutory duties regarding victims and perpetrators of domestic abuse and violence are spread across a number of responsible authorities. The extent to which the specific needs of these groups are being overlooked by statutory services is unclear. However, historically these specialist services have been provided by the voluntary and community sector and this may have served to distance them from mainstream funding and contracting. There appears now to be some disagreement between housing, police and health authorities in terms of their relative responsibilities for funding to address the specialist needs of this group of the population. 7. It is clear that this should be a matter of concern for the Health and Well-being Board, whose vision is that 'Worcestershire residents are healthier, live longer and have a better quality of life especially those communities and groups with the poorest health outcomes,' and who have agreed a Health and Well-being Strategy with a greater commitment to prevention than previously, identifying problems as an early stage and dealing with them quickly and effectively, whilst creating resilient communities in which problems are less likely to develop. Members of the Board include all those agencies that carry relevant statutory duties in this area and so it will be important for the medium to longer term that the Board oversees work to strengthen and agree a shared approach to pathways and funding. 8. Despite the estimated nature of the data, it seems likely that 28% of women and 15% of men will experience domestic abuse or violence at some time between the ages of 16 and 59 years. Local estimates using national data would suggest about 19,000 female Page | 7

Needs Assessment July 2016 victims in the past year in Worcestershire. The issue of under-reporting is supported by actual data though which shows that 9,200 domestic abuse incidents were reported to police in Worcestershire in 2014-15, representing only 2,485 victims. In Emergency Departments, only 50 victims of domestic abuse were reported in a 9 month period. Police data shows the rates of domestic abuse incidents per 1,000 population were stabilising and reducing slightly in Worcestershire, but increased in 2014-15 (17.8 from 15.5). 9. Of those who do report to the police, there are some clear patterns: women are far more likely to be a victim than are men (1,840 women and 644 men); and men are far more likely to be perpetrators (695 male and 93 female perpetrators). There is clear positive association between deprivation and reported incidents and crimes, and in Worcestershire the rate of domestic abuse in the most deprived areas is almost 25 times that in the least deprived areas. (These figures again are based on incidents being reported to the police and this may itself be heavily influenced by deprivation.) The highest rates of reported prevalence are in adults aged 35 – 44. Both victims and perpetrators have high rates of alcohol abuse, although the rate is higher among perpetrators. Nationally, 40% of high risk victims of abuse report mental health difficulties. The detail of offences shows that 64% of all domestic abuse offences are assaults while 90% of all domestic abuse incidents are emotional. It may be that emotional domestic abuse is harder to police, and coercive crime has only recently been defined through law. 10. Many children are living in homes where domestic violence takes place, and they can witness the abuse, be abused, and also are at increased risk of becoming perpetrators themselves. Again there are issues with data recording both in terms of consistency and reliability, but domestic abuse appears to make up about 37% of all factors involved in child protection conferences. And in 2014-15, police data show that 6209 children were involved in domestic abuse crimes and incidents. Both the number of children involved, and the number of times each child has been involved have risen significantly since 2013. 11. Numbers using the existing specialist services continue to rise, and the increase in helpline calls in particular are likely to be as a consequence of campaigns and training aimed at increasing awareness of the number and service. Evaluations of voluntary and community sector services are largely based on victim's self-perception rather than on reducing re-offending, and do not relate to the long term. However, they show that victims improve on the range of quality measures following their involvement with the service. About half of referrals are self-referrals, and between a third and a half of referrals go into group work. There is no hard evidence evaluating the relative impact of group work and 121 programmes. 12. The Multi Agency Risk Assessment Conference (MARAC) system is effective in stopping abuse. 50% of referrals come from the police, and there are very few indeed from health (6% of cases come from primary care and 1.5% from hospitals.) This is consistent with low levels of reporting of domestic abuse by health agencies, but inconsistent with likely levels of prevalence among people presenting to those agencies. 13. National evidence of effective interventions is strongest about reducing reoffending. Assertive, arrest and warrant-based policing and voluntary perpetrator programmes consistently evaluate well. There is no strong evidence about what works best to support victims into living independently fulfilled lives which are free from violence, although clearly this is associated (as for the general population) with having a house, job, and good standard of physical and mental health. Each of these is negatively impacted on by the experience of being exposed to domestic abuse and no long term, methodologically robust, study of effectiveness of intervention has been undertaken nationally or locally. 14. Overall a picture of rising demand (for unclear reasons) and lack of clear support and treatment pathways has emerged from this needs assessment. The strength of need is clear, and victims including children and young people can find themselves outside of mainstream care and support even though their needs are acute. Patterns of long-term offending before change mean that violence is likely to escalate before help is sought Page | 8

Needs Assessment July 2016 and thus the opportunity for lower level intervention is not currently being maximised. It is therefore important that those statutory agencies that have a duty to cooperate and to have regard to the needs of victims and perpetrators work more closely together at strategic levels in the future, to agree a funded care pathway which includes the delivery of evidence based interventions at each tier of need from universal to acute specialist.

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Statement of the Problem Domestic abuse - also known as domestic violence, spousal abuse, or intimate partner violence (IPV) - can be broadly defined as any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are or have been intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality. This can encompass, but is not limited to, the following types of abuse:

    

psychological physical sexual financial emotional

Controlling behaviour is a range of acts designed to make a person subordinate and/or dependant by isolating them from sources of support, exploiting their resources and capacities for personal gain, depriving them of the means needed for independence, resistance and escape and regulating their everyday behaviour. Coercive behaviour is an act or pattern of acts of assaults, threats, humiliation and intimidation or other abuse that is used to harm, punish, or frighten their victim1. In 2015, a new criminal offence of controlling and coercive behaviour came into law, with associated statutory guidance. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/482528/Controllin g_or_coercive_behaviour_-_statutory_guidance.pdf

National Policy and Context Statutory Duties The statutory duty to prevent domestic abuse and to protect its victims is shared between a number of responsible authorities. Police are responsible for crime reduction and victim support; housing authorities are responsible for providing a safe place to live; the NHS is responsible for providing physical and mental health services to meet the needs of the population; local authorities are responsible for safeguarding; and all have a duty to cooperate. The overarching national Strategy is the Government Strategy "A Call to End Violence against Women and Girls"2. Much of the work that underpins this vital work is not statutory but the basis of the work underpins activities that are enshrined in legislation, such as:-

Safeguarding Children - The Children's Act 2004 – "Working to safeguard children" 20133 Section 11 of the Children Act 2004 places duties on a range of organisations and individuals to ensure their functions, and any services that they contract out to others, are discharged having regard to the need to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. Section 11 places a duty on: 1

Worcestershire Forum Against Domestic Abuse Information Pack, 2015

2

HM Government (2014), A Call to End Violence against Women and Girls, March 2014, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/287758/VAWG_Action_Pla n.pdf The Government issued an update to that plan in 2015, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/409510/VAWG_Progress_ Report_2010-2015.pdf 3

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/419595/Working_Together _to_Safeguard_Children.pdf

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Needs Assessment July 2016 

Local authorities and district councils that provide children’s and other types of services, including children’s and adult social care services, public health, housing, sport, culture and leisure services, licensing authorities and youth services;

Section 175 of the Education Act 2002 places a duty on local authorities (in relation to their education functions and governing bodies of maintained schools and further education institutions, which include sixth-form colleges) to exercise their functions with a view to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children who are pupils at a school, or who are students under 18 years of age attending further education institutions. The same duty applies to independent schools (which include Academies and free schools) by virtue of regulations made under section 157 of the same Act.

Safeguarding Adults – The Care Act Statutory guidance 2014 The Statutory Guidance issued under the Care Act 2014, published in October 2014, states that adult safeguarding ‘means protecting an adult’s right to live in safety, free from abuse and neglect’ (Section 14.7). Safeguarding duties apply to an adult who: • •

‘has needs for care and support (whether or the not the authority is meeting any of those needs) is experiencing, or is at risk of, abuse or neglect as a result of those care and support needs is unable to protect themselves from either the risk of, or the experience of abuse or neglect’. (Section 14.2)

The Care Act specifies that freedom from abuse and neglect is a key aspect of a person’s wellbeing. The guidance outlines that abuse takes many forms, and local authorities should not be constrained in their view of what constitutes abuse or neglect. It describes the following types of abuse, which include exploitation as a common theme: • • • • • • • • • •

physical abuse domestic violence sexual abuse psychological abuse financial or material abuse modern slavery discriminatory abuse organisational abuse neglect and acts of omission self-neglect.

It also states that abuse and neglect can be caused deliberately or unintentionally. Domestic violence is a category of abuse which was added to existing list of categories following consultation on the draft Care Act guidance. Financial abuse has also been highlighted further in the Care Act guidance following consultation as the signs can present differently from other more physical signs of abuse.

United Nations Convention on the rights of the child (UK signatory) Article 19 (Protection from all forms of violence): Children have the right to be protected from being hurt and mistreated, physically or mentally. Governments should ensure that children are properly cared for and protect them from violence, abuse and neglect by their parents, or anyone else who looks after them. Section 17 Crime and Disorder Act - Community Safety responsibilities are primarily set out in the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (as amended), with specific reference to s17 of the Act: “Responsible Authorities which includes Local Authorities, the Police, Fire and Rescue Authorities, Clinical Commissioning Groups and Probation Services. The Responsible Authorities are required to develop policy and operational approaches to prevent crime and disorder, combating the use of drugs, alcohol and other substances, anti-social behaviour and other behaviour likely to adversely affect the local environment and to reduce reoffending.” Domestic Homicide Reviews – Section 9 (3) of the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 Page | 11

Needs Assessment July 2016 The Government had previously (April 2011) brought section 9 of the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 into force, making it a statutory requirement for local authorities to undertake a multi-agency review following a domestic homicide to identify what needs to change to reduce the risk of further incidents. In Worcestershire we are currently on Case 10 in this area. Each case is estimated to collectively cost 1million pounds. Forced Marriage - The Anti-social behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 Domestic Violence Protection Orders – Crime and Security Act 2010 Domestic Violence Disclosure Scheme – November 2013 The Protection from Harassment Act 2013 - Stalking. This is very much supported in the WCC policy

Policy on the Prevention of Domestic Abuse and Stalking.pdf

http://resource/sites/SIDTools/eig/Toolkit/Policy%20on%20the%20Prevention%20of%20Domest ic%20Abuse%20and%20Stalking.pdf

Homelessness The district council housing options teams has statutory responsibilities to provide housing advice to all, to prevent homelessness and to investigate homelessness in accordance with the homelessness legislation. Duties are not just about the provision of accommodation, but a key duty is the provision of advice and assistance.

Local policy Tackling domestic abuse is part of the County Council's statutory responsibility under Section 17 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, whereby the Council is required to cooperate with other responsible authorities to develop policy and operation approaches to crime and disorder. There is a requirement for a County Strategy Group to prepare a Community Safety Agreement on behalf of responsible authorities to identify priorities and actions around crime and disorder. In Worcestershire, domestic abuse and violence is one of the four priority areas set out in the Community Safety Agreement. Tackling domestic abuse is also relevant to the Health and Well-being Board, whose vision is that 'Worcestershire residents are healthier, live longer and have a better quality of life especially those communities and groups with the poorest health outcomes'. The 2016-2021 Health and Well-being Strategy has a strengthened commitment to prevention, identifying problems at an early stage, dealing with them quickly and effectively, whilst creating resilient communities in which problems are less likely to develop. Members of the Board or its subgroups include all those agencies which carry relevant statutory duties in domestic abuse and so it will be important for the medium to longer term that the Board oversees work to strengthen and agree a shared approach to pathways and funding for the Domestic Abuse Service. However, the landscape in which services are provided and funded is changing and characterised by reduced central and local government funding for services, previously supported by the Public Health Ring Fenced Grant allocation. This requires a response including new and innovative solutions to service design. Demand Management is one of the Council's Transformation Themes. This will mean: 

Developing a better understanding and forecasting of demand Page | 12

Needs Assessment July 2016   

Building the organisational ownership, capacity, capability and culture for demand management putting it at the centre of strategic financial planning Designing and implementing a consistent and evidence-based approach to prevention which prevents, reduces or delays the need for high cost, high intensity services across the whole of a person's life Developing a collaborative approach with key partners on managing demand supporting a whole system approach to improving outcomes.

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Needs Assessment July 2016 All-Age Prevention Policy Designing and implementing a consistent and evidence-based approach to prevention is a fundamental strand of the Council's Demand Management Theme. This approach, including the aims and approaches to prevention across a person's life are set out in the All-age Prevention Policy along with the evidence, national policy and legislative background. The Policy is included as an Appendix and describes the five strands of the council's approach to prevention listed below. Taken together, these shape a new approach to commissioning services, and a new context for commissioning services to tackle domestic abuse. The Council invests in each of the five ways to prevent problems, and the commissioned service is only one part of the work the Council does to keep children and adults safe and to support all its residents to achieve their full potential.     

Creating a health promoting environment by developing and enforcing healthy public policy and taking health impact into account systematically in decision making. Encouraging and enabling people to take responsibility for themselves, their families and their communities by promoting resilience, peer support and the development of community assets. Providing clear information and advice across the age-range, so that people make choices that favour good health and independence. Commissioning prevention services for all ages based on evidence of effectiveness and within the funding available. Gate-keeping services in a professional, systematic and evidenced way, so that services are taken up by those who will most benefit and the service offer is available on the basis of need, regardless of differences between people in terms of where they live or characteristics such as deprivation.

Other key national plans and relevant local policies are set out in appendix 1.

Policy Scope and Context Scope This needs assessment provides updated information building on the previous version from 2014, as part of the previous strategy to reduce the harm caused by Domestic Abuse to adults, children and families. The aim of this needs assessment is to offer a strategic review of the domestic abuse needs of the Worcestershire population together with a review of current provision and best practice. The intention is to provide recommendations to improve the health and wellbeing of victims of domestic abuse and to reduce inequalities in outcomes. The information in this needs assessment will be used to provide commissioners with evidence to base any future commissioning decisions in regard to specialist domestic abuse services and mainstream services in the county.

Objectives The key objectives of this domestic abuse and violence needs assessment are to:

    

Provide an overview of the current picture of domestic abuse and relevant outcomes for the population of Worcestershire. Identify the likely need for domestic abuse support and provision including views of the population and stakeholders. Outline the current provision of domestic abuse services in Worcestershire and consider in light of evidence and best practice. Identify gaps in support and delivery and provide recommendations for addressing any unmet need. Consider pathways from domestic abuse services into other associated services with a view to streamlining provision, reducing inequalities, targeting interventions to those most in need, and ensuring best value for money. Page | 14

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Context Victims of domestic abuse are less likely than victims of other forms of violent crimes to report their experiences to the authorities, because of the perception that their abuse is not a matter for police or other services’ involvement or that their experiences are too trivial. Many people also fear not being believed by statutory agencies and that if they do report to the police then they fear reprisal. As a result, there is significant under-reporting of domestic abuse to the police and other services, and in health and social research. It is therefore acknowledged that data on reported incidents and cases prosecuted represent the tip of the iceberg. A study conducted in 1997 found that, on average, women experience 35 incidents of abuse before contacting the police.4 Unlike other crimes, it is often difficult to separate occurrences of domestic abuse into discrete ‘incidents’ - abuse may be continuous (e.g. living under a threat), or may occur so often that the victim cannot reliably count the instances. Even if it were possible to put a figure on individual offences to calculate a domestic abuse ‘rate’, this would not be a true reflection of the number of people at risk. Therefore any statistic describing the ‘level’ of domestic abuse must be interpreted with care. The proportion of individuals recently experiencing abuse is for some purposes a more meaningful indicator, rather than the number of domestic abuse incidents. It is of note that the National rate of recorded domestic abuse increased by 20.8% in the 12 months to 31st March 2015 compared to the previous 12 month period to 31st March 2014. However, in West Mercia this increase was greater than 42.9% over the same periods5.

4

Yearnshaw, S (1997) “Analysis of Cohort”, in Bewley, S, Friend J and Mezey G (eds.) Violence Against Women, London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 5

HMIC PEEL: Police Effectiveness 2015 (Vulnerability) report. https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmic/wp-content/uploads/police-effectiveness-vulnerability-2015west-mercia.pdf

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Summary of Findings and Recommendations Findings 1. There is considerable uncertainty about the reliability of data relating to domestic abuse and violence. Nonetheless, estimated incidence is far greater than the numbers presenting to services, and national research suggests victims experience multiple incidents of abuse before reporting. 2. There is also no formal agreement between statutory authorities on a system approach to funding or provision of services. . Health, housing, police, and county Council (adults and children's' services) all have statutory duties in this area but current levels of funding and priority are based on historical patterns rather than any clear pathway and agreement. 3. Numbers of victims appear to be increasing. Since this is complicated by a greater likelihood to report, we cannot know the true rise. However, significant numbers are affected by abuse in the county. Overall, numbers of victims in Worcestershire, according to police data, increased from 2,772 in 2014 to 4,762 in 2015. We know that most recorded victims are women (around 74%); that there is a link between reported victims and living in areas of high deprivation; that alcohol is involved in a significant proportion of incidents. And we know that most offenders (695 out of 788) are male. 4. Recent awareness raising campaigns and training of front line staff may have increased significantly the pressures on specialist helplines and services, at a time when budget pressures are greater than ever. 5. There is no strong evidence base around effective intervention for victims locally or nationally although evidence around perpetrators is stronger with policing interventions and voluntary behaviour change programmes showing impact.

Recommendations Recommendation One: Worcestershire Health and Well-being Board to consider the issue of tackling domestic abuse and receive a summary report based on the needs assessment for its consideration.

Recommendation Two: Worcestershire County Council (WCC) to continue to invest in specialist services, noting significant difference between likely/estimated prevalence and far lower numbers coming into services. To therefore work across agencies, and to focus its reduced spend on: - continued awareness raising and training among public and professionals but with increased focus on delivery of evaluated 'train the trainer' packages so that agencies can take responsibility for training their own staff - voluntary perpetrator programmes which are evidence based and evaluated - continued support for group and 121 support work with victims, including those living in refuges, with stronger emphasis on long-term evaluation of impact - continued close working with specialist agencies, to enable co-production of changing service provision.

Recommendation Three: WCC staff to continue to work with MARAC and to promote its use as a means of reducing risk for the highest risk rated individuals.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Population Trends and Needs Population trends An overview of the population trends in Worcestershire can be found in Appendix 2. Some points of note are;   

Over the next 10-15 years the population aged 15-44 is projected to decrease by 5%. However, the population of those aged 45 years and over is projected to increase by 13%. The 'Other White' ethnic group has experienced an increase from 1.3% of the Worcestershire population in 2001 to 2.6% in 2011, though this compares to 4.6% of the total England population in 2011. According the 2010 Index of Multiple Deprivation there are 35 LSOA areas in Worcestershire which fall within the top 20% most deprived areas for the whole of England; 13 in Redditch, 11 in Worcester City, 10 in Wyre Forest, and 1 in Malvern Hills.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Groups of Interest National Overview Background The prevalence and nature of domestic abuse is difficult to measure, but estimates can be made from a national survey of victimisation (the Crime Survey of England and Wales) and Police Recorded Data;  Domestic abuse was estimated to account for 11% of reported crimes in 2015 (April June)  English, Welsh and Northern Irish police receive calls about DA-related incidents every 30 seconds.  In 2014, a report by Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary, Everyone’s business: Improving the police response to domestic abuse, deemed police responses to domestic abuse “not good enough”, and found that responses across forces were inconsistent.  A re-inspection by the HMIC that was published on 15 December 2015, Increasingly everyone's business: A progress report on the police response to domestic abuse, found positive changes, but concluded that there is still room for improvement.  Being the victim of, or witnessing domestic abuse, can have serious long- and short-term physical, psychological and social effects.  There are numerous police interventions that are victim-focused or perpetrator-focused currently in use or being trialled.6 The characteristics of victims that mean they are more likely to be abused are;  Gender: Women are much more likely than men to be the victims of high risk or severe domestic abuse: 95% of those going to MARAC or accessing an IDVA service are women78.  Low income: Women in households with an income of less than £10,000 were 3.5 times more at risk than those in households with an income of over £20,0009.  Age: Younger people are more likely to be subject to interpersonal violence. The majority of high risk victims are in their 20s or 30s 10. Those under 25 are the most likely to suffer interpersonal violence11.  Pregnancy for first incidence of violence: More than 30% of domestic abuse cases first start during pregnancy, whilst 40-60% of women experiencing domestic abuse are abused during pregnancy.12.  Separation: Domestic violence is higher amongst those who have separated, followed by those who are divorced or single13. 6

Bunn; S, and Waterhouse, G (2015) Policing Domestic Abuse, Houses of Parliament POST Note, Number 515, December 2015 http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/POST-PN0515/POST-PN-0515.pdf 7

SafeLives (2015), Insights Idva National Dataset 2013-14. Bristol: SafeLives.

8

SafeLives (2014), Marac national dataset 2014. Bristol: SafeLives

9

Walby, S. and Allen, J. (2004), Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey. London: Home Office. 10

SafeLives (2015), Insights Idva National Dataset 2013-14. Bristol: SafeLives.

11

Walby, S. and Allen, J. (2004), Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey. London: Home Office. 12

Lewis, G (ed) 2007. The Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH). Saving Mothers’ Lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer - 2003-2005. The Seventh Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. London: CEMACH.

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Needs Assessment July 2016  

Previous criminality of the perpetrator: domestic abuse is more likely where the perpetrator has a previous conviction (whether or not it is related to domestic abuse)14. Drug and alcohol abuse: Victims of abuse have a higher rate of drug and/or alcohol misuse (whether it starts before or after the abuse): at least 20% of high-risk victims of abuse report using drugs and/or alcohol15.

Mental health issues: 40% of high-risk victims of abuse report mental health difficulties16.Domestic abuse itself has not been a criminal offence, so single incidents are prosecuted under a range of offences, such as common assault or rape. However, the Serious Crime Act (2015) introduced the new criminal offence of coercive control, which entails repeated controlling or coercive behaviour between two ‘personally connected’ individuals. Individuals will be prosecuted for multiple abusive behaviours that as single instances may appear minor. Domestic abuse has both short and long-term impacts, on both victims and their families. Children are particularly vulnerable; witnessing abuse can be as damaging as being abused directly. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) figures show that 19% of young people have witnessed at least one episode of domestic violence and abuse by the age of 1917 Each year around three million women and girls in the UK experience some form of violence, including domestic violence and abuse, rape, forced marriage, stalking, female genital mutilation, sexual exploitation, trafficking and crimes in the name of honour18 In England and Wales, two women a week are killed by a partner or former partner19 VAWG (Violence against Woman and Girls) remains hugely under-reported with only one in four of those experiencing domestic abuse, and one in eight of those experiencing sexual violence, making an official report.20 Some communities are less likely to report domestic abuse than others including BME groups, LGBT groups, disabled women, rural and more affluent communities, and male victims.21

13

Walby, S. and Allen, J. (2004), Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey. London: Home Office. 14

Walby, S. and Allen, J. (2004), Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey. London: Home Office. 15

SafeLives (2015), Getting it right first time: policy report. Bristol: SafeLives.

16

SafeLives (2015), Getting it right first time: policy report. Bristol: SafeLives.

17

Focus on Violent Crime and Sexual Offences, (2012/13): Appendix table 4.09 http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/rereference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-328149

-

18

Coy et al, (2008), Realising Rights, Fulfilling Obligations: A Template for an Integrated Strategy on Violence Against Women for the UK, End Violence Against Women, ISBN: 978-0-9558609-2-8 19

Office for National Statistics citing Homicide Index, Home Office (Published Online: Office for National Statistics, 2015 – Go to the first bulletin table and click on the tab labelled Figure 2.5) 20

Walby and Allen, (2004), Domestic violence, sexual assault and stalking: Findings from the British Crime Survey 2004, Home Office Research Study 276. 21

Public Health England, (2015), Disability and domestic abuse: Risk, impacts and response, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/480942/Disability_and_do mestic_abuse_topic_overview_FINAL.pdf

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Crime Survey for England and Wales 2015 National Perceptions of Domestic Abuse The most reliable estimates of the extent of domestic abuse can be found in the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW). The 2013-14 CSEW self-completion module on intimate violence asked adults aged 16 to 59 who were resident in households in England and Wales about their experiences as victims of crime. The CSEW uses 'intimate violence' as the collective term used to describe domestic abuse, sexual assault, and stalking. Categories used in the presentation of these statistics are defined as follows: • Domestic abuse: this category combines partner abuse (non-sexual), family abuse (nonsexual) and sexual assault or stalking carried out by a current or former partner or other family member. This broadly matches the Government’s definition of domestic violence and abuse. • Non-sexual abuse by a partner: physical force, emotional or financial abuse or threats to hurt the respondent or someone close to them carried out by a current or former partner. • Non-sexual abuse by a family member: physical force, emotional or financial abuse or threats to hurt the respondent or someone close to them carried out by a family member other than a partner (father/mother, step-father/mother or other relative). • Sexual assault: rape or assault by penetration including attempts (‘serious’), indecent exposure or unwanted touching (‘less serious’) carried out by any person. • Stalking: two or more incidents (causing distress, fear or alarm) of receiving obscene or threatening unwanted letters, e-mails, text messages or phone calls, having had obscene or threatening information about them placed on the internet, waiting or loitering around home or workplace, or following or watching by any person, including a partner or family member22. In 2013-14, the main findings from the CSEW module on intimate violence were;  There were 8.5% of women and 4.5% of men who reported having experienced any type of domestic abuse in the last year (defined as partner / ex-partner abuse (non-sexual), family abuse (non-sexual) and sexual assault or stalking carried out by a current or former partner or other family member). This is equivalent to an estimated 1.4 million female victims and 700,000 male victims.  There were 6.8% of women and 3.0% of men who reported having experienced any type of partner abuse in the last year, equivalent to an estimated 1.1 million female victims and 500,000 male victims.  Overall, 28.3% of women and 14.7% of men had experienced any domestic abuse since the age of 16, equivalent to an estimated 4.6 million female victims and 2.4 million male victims.  The decline in domestic abuse for all victims between the 2004-05 and 2008-09 CSEW surveys was statistically significant. However, the current figure (6.5% for both men and women combined) continues a fairly stable trend seen since 2008-0923. As in previous years, women were more likely than men to have experienced intimate violence across all the headline types of abuse asked about. Figure 1 below shows the percentage of adults aged 16 to 59 who experienced intimate violence since the age of 16, by sex and headline category.

22

Crime Survey for England and Wales, 2015, Chapter 4: Violent Crime and Sexual Offences - Intimate Personal Violence and Serious Sexual Assault, Office for National Statistics, February 2015 23

Crime Survey for England and Wales, 2015, Chapter 4: Violent Crime and Sexual Offences - Intimate Personal Violence and Serious Sexual Assault, Office for National Statistics, February 2015

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 1: Percentage of adults aged 16 to 59 who experienced intimate violence since the age of 16, by sex and headline category, 2013-14 CSEW Men

Women

All

28.3

30

21.5 14.7

3.6

6.9

5.5

5

8.2

9.6

10

9.8

11.8

15.7

15.8

15

21.5

20

19.9

22.0

25

0 Partner abuse (non-sexual)

Family abuse (non-sexual)

Any sexual assault (including attempts)

Stalking

Any domestic abuse

Source: Crime Survey for England and Wales, Office for National Statistics, February 2015

It can be seen that the 2013-14 CSEW found that, overall, 28.3% of women and 14.7% of men had experienced any domestic abuse since the age of 16. These figures were equivalent to an estimated 4.6 million female victims and 2.4 million male victims. For women the most commonly experienced types of intimate violence since age 16, covered by the survey, were non-sexual abuse by a partner (22.0%), stalking (21.5%) and sexual assault (19.9%). For men, the most commonly experienced types of abuse were stalking (9.8%) and non-sexual abuse by a partner (9.6%). Each of the categories of abuse showed significantly higher prevalence for women compared with men. Figure 2 below shows the percentage of adults aged 16 to 59 who were victims of domestic abuse in 2013-14 by household income and sex.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 2: Percentage of adults aged 16 to 59 who were victims of domestic abuse, in the last year by household income and sex, CSEW, financial year 2013-14 Men

Women

18

15.3

16 14

12.2

12

8.3

8.8

8

9.1

10

2

4.2

3.7

5.5 3.5

4.4

4

5.0

5.5

6

0 Less than £10,000

£10,000 to less £20,000 to less £30,000 to less £40,000 to less than £20,000 than £30,000 than £40,000 than £50,000

£50,000 or more

Source: Crime Survey for England and Wales, Office for National Statistics, February 2015

It can be seen that for both sexes the percentage of adults who are victims of domestic abuse in 2013-14 was higher in those households with lower income levels. However, it is worth noting that the difference in the percentage of victims by household income level is far more pronounced for women than it is for men.

Domestic Abuse and Alcohol A national study of 336 convicted offenders of domestic abuse nationally found that alcohol was a feature in 62% of offences and 48% of offenders where alcohol dependent24. It is said that alcohol and drug use does not cause domestic violence and abuse, however, the use of them can increase the frequency and severity of domestic abuse25. Where domestic abuse already exists, research shows that alcohol or drug use can increase the frequency of physical violence and abuse and injuries may be worse when the perpetrator is under the influence of a substance26. However, it should be remembered that domestic abuse is not just about physical violence.

24

Gilchrist et al, (2003). Domestic Violence Offenders: characteristics and offending related needs'. (London: Home Office). 25

Galvani, S. (2005) ‘Grasping the www.alcoholconcern.org.uk/servlets/doc/1331

nettle:

26

alcohol

and

domestic

violence’.

Brecklin, L.R. (2002) ‘The Role of Perpetrator Alcohol Use in the Injury Outcomes of Intimate Assaults.’ Journal of Family Violence. 17 (3), 185-197).

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Number of people within group of interest Domestic Abuse Prevalence in Worcestershire The Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) ready reckoner tool uses findings from the British Crime Survey (BCS) to estimate the need for local services for domestic violence, sexual violence and stalking in their area. Based on regional data from the BCS, the estimate for an area with the population of Worcestershire would be that: 

19,277 women and girls aged 16-59 have been a victim of domestic abuse in the past year (Margin of error: +/- 4,651) (95% Conf Interval= +/- )

It should be noted that these figures are estimates based on the population size specified for Worcestershire and the BCS prevalence rate for the region. The BCS does not provide information below the regional geographical level, and so the estimates should be treated as extrapolations of the regional prevalence to the population size indicated in the tool. As such they are only indicative of the level of VAWG, and should serve as one of several sources on which to assess the need for VAWG services in the area. Figure 3 below shows the rate of domestic abuse incidents recorded by the police per 1,000 population for Worcestershire and comparators. It can be seen that the rate of incidents in Worcestershire has been consistently below the national and regional averages, and similar to that of Warwickshire during the period 2010-11 to 2013-14. However, Worcestershire's rate of domestic abuse incidents has experienced an increase in 2014-15, whilst the rate in Warwickshire has remained stable. It is also worth noting that the rate of domestic abuse incidents in Worcestershire has been consistently higher than that of Gloucestershire over the period.

Figure 3: Rate of domestic abuse incidents recorded by the police per 1,000 population for Worcestershire and comparators by financial year 2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

25

20

19.9 16.7 15.8 18.8 20.3

18.4 18.0 18.1 19.4 20.4

12.9 12.7 12.0 13.3 14.8

15.8 14.5 11.5 9.8 13.0

5

17.7 17.5 16.6 15.8 15.7

10

16.7 16.7 15.4 15.5 17.8

15

West Midlands

England

0 Worcestershire Warwickshire Gloucestershire

Suffolk

Source: Public Health Outcomes Framework, May 2016

Domestic abuse incidents are defined as any incidence of threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults, aged 16 and Page | 23

Needs Assessment July 2016 over, who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender or sexuality. It should be noted that the previous definition (prior to March 2013) did not include those aged 16-17. Earlier time periods have been recalculated using the new definition. This data source is only available at police force area level and will serve as guidance for local authorities within a police force area. Discussions are on-going regarding the longer term refinement of this indicator. It is difficult to obtain reliable information on the extent of domestic abuse as there is a degree of under-reporting of these incidents. Changes in the level of domestic abuse incidents reported to the police are particularly likely to be affected by changes in recording practices. These kinds of changes may in part be due to greater encouragement by the police for victims to come forward and improvements in police recording, rather than an increase in the level of victimisation. Previous domestic abuse data in the PHOF tool are revised in order to include final coding of incidents under investigation at the time of the data extract and data not submitted from police force areas previously27. The table below demonstrates the total domestic abuse reports in Worcestershire as recorded by West Mercia Police for the period 2008-09 to 2014-15. The North Worcestershire policing area serves a population of approximately 270,000 people within 110,000 households, living in the 3 Districts of Bromsgrove, Redditch and Wyre Forest. The South Worcestershire policing area covers the remaining districts of Malvern Hills, Worcester and Wychavon which includes a population of around 290,000 people. It is worth be noting that a crime should only be marked as a domestic if both parties are aged over 16, however there are sometimes instances of the marker being used when there is a dispute between a child and parent.

Table 1: Total Police Recorded Domestic Abuse in Worcestershire by Policing Area and Financial Year Year

Recorded

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

Number Recorded North South Total 4,997 4,515 9,512 5,024 4,114 9,138 5,526 4,681 10,207 5,019 4,447 9,466 4,412 4,148 8,560 3,955 3,971 7,926 4,658 4,546 9,204

Rate per 1,000 pop Aged 16+ North South Total 22.4 19.2 20.7 22.4 17.4 19.8 24.5 19.7 22.0 22.2 18.5 20.3 19.5 17.2 18.2 17.4 16.3 16.8 20.4 18.5 19.4

Source: Recorded Domestic Abuse data from West Mercia Police 2008-2015. Population data from ONS estimates for adults only (aged 16+).

There were a total of 9,204 domestic abuse incidents reported to the police in the full year April 2014 to March 2015. This is an increase on the 2013-14 figure of 7,926 and is in contrast to the previous years' general downward trend in reporting to the police. It should also be noted that North Worcestershire has consistently experienced a larger number of domestic abuse incidents when compared to South Worcestershire, with the exception of 2013-14. The rate of recorded domestic abuse incidents reported to the police per 1,000 of the adult population is higher in North Worcestershire compared to South Worcestershire for every year during the period. Figure 4 below shows total recorded domestic abuse by the police in Worcestershire by month and year for the period April 2008 to August 2015.

27

Taken from the Public Health Outcomes Framework definition for indicator 1.11 - Rate of domestic abuse incidents recorded by the police per 1,000 population

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 4: Total Monthly Police Recorded Domestic Abuse for Worcestershire County April 2008 to August 2015 Total Police Recorded DA 12 per. Mov. Avg. (Total Police Recorded DA)

Linear (Total Police Recorded DA)

1,100

1,000

900

800

700

600

Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17

500

Source: West Mercia Police Monthly data 2008-2015

Despite increases in the total number of recorded domestic abuse incidents in the past year, the overall trend since April 2008 shows one of decline. Figure 5 below shows the same information split for the North and South Worcestershire areas.

Figure 5: Total Monthly Police Recorded Domestic Abuse by North and South Worcestershire April 2008 to August 2015 North (Bromsgrove, Redditch, Wyre Forest)

South (Malvern Hills, Worcester Wychavon)

550 500 450 400 350 300 250

Apr-08 Jul-08 Oct-08 Jan-09 Apr-09 Jul-09 Oct-09 Jan-10 Apr-10 Jul-10 Oct-10 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15

200

Source: West Mercia Police Monthly data 2008-2015

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Needs Assessment July 2016 Again it can be seen that during most months throughout the April 2008 to August 2015 period, the North Worcestershire area has experienced a larger number of domestic abuse incidents than South Worcestershire. Nationally there has been an increase in the reporting of domestic abuse and subsequent recording of these offences by the police, which it is thought may be the result of improved response by police to domestic abuse following an HMIC inspection in 2013 on handling of domestic abuse incidents. The renewed focus on the quality of crime recording means that caution is needed when interpreting statistics on police recorded crime. While we know that it is likely that improvements in compliance with the National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS) have led to increases in the number of crimes recorded by the police (for example violent crime and sexual offences) it is not possible to quantify the scale of this or assess how this effect varied between different police forces. Increases in police force area data may reflect a number of factors including improved recording practice, increases in reporting by victims and also possibly some genuine increases in the levels of crime in some police forces28. However, it should be noted that the total number of domestic abuse reports made to the police is still likely to be an underestimate of actual occurrences. A study conducted in 1997 found that on average, women experience 35 incidents of abuse before contacting the police29.

28

Crime Survey for England and Wales, (2015), Chapter 1: Violent Crime and Sexual Offences – Overview, Office for National Statistics, February 2015 29

Yearnshaw, S (1997) “Analysis of Cohort”, in Bewley, S, Friend J and Mezey G (eds.) Violence Against Women, London: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Characteristics of Victims and Offenders Age and Gender Figure 6 below shows the age and gender of domestic abuse victims in Worcestershire for the financial year of 2014-15. For the purposes of this analysis, victim characteristics have been captured for unique victims from recorded DA offences. Victimisation is defined as a single instance or count whereby an individual becomes the victim of a domestic abuse offence or incident. Although each count of victimisation is separate and, therefore, an individual victim may suffer multiple counts of victimisation, repeat victims will only appear once in this data. The largest number of victims is in the 35-44 age group (691, 27.8%), which is also true for both males (150, 23.3%) and females (541, 29.4%).

Figure 6: Number of Domestic Abuse Victims in Worcestershire by Age and Gender, April 2014 to March 2015 Men

Women

800 700 541 600 473 500 373 400 272 300 200 100 0

2 1 0-15

55 36 16-24

131

150

127

119

78 52

25-34

35-44

45-54

55-64

65+

Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

Overall of the total 2,485 victims of domestic abuse in Worcestershire during 2014-15, 1,840 (74%) were female 644 (26%) were male, with one victim not disclosing gender. Figure 7 below shows the age and gender of domestic abuse offenders in Worcestershire for 2014-15. For the purposes of this analysis offender characteristics have been captured for unique offenders from recorded domestic abuse offences. Offending is defined as a single instance or count of domestic abuse (offence or incident) for which an offender or defendant is responsible. Although each count is separate and, therefore, an individual offender may be responsible for multiple counts of domestic abuse, repeat offenders will only appear once in this data. The largest number of offenders is in the 25-34 age group, although for females there were roughly the same number of offenders across the 16-24, 25-34 and 35-44 age groups. Overall of the total 788 offenders of domestic abuse in Worcestershire during 2014-15, the vast majority, 695 (88%) were male and 93 (12%) were female.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 7: Number of Domestic Abuse Offenders in Worcestershire by Age and Gender, financial year 2014-15 Men

Women

300 24

250

252 200

150

23

26

165

160

100 12 78 50

0

2 3 0-15

4 28 16-24

25-34

35-44

45-54

55-64

2 8 65+

Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

Geographic Profile of Domestic Abuse Crime and Incidents It is important to point out the difference between what is classified as domestic abuse crime within the police data compared to what is classified as a domestic abuse incident. A recorded crime is something which is in the notifiable offence list and includes all offences that could possibly be tried by jury (these include some less serious offences, such as minor theft that would not usually be dealt with this way) plus a few additional closely related offences, such as assault without injury. An incident is anything reported to the police and recorded in accordance with the National Standard for Incident Recording (NSIR), which sets out a common approach to be followed in classifying the broad range of calls for service the police receive from the general public. For the purposes of NSIR an incident is defined as: ‘A single distinct event or occurrence which disturbs an individual’s, group’s or community’s quality of life or causes them concern’.30 In many cases these incidents may be crimes in law, such as disorderly behaviour or many road traffic offences, but they are not of a level of severity that would result in the recording of a notifiable crime (as described above). Thus, they are not included in the main police recorded crime dataset. It is possible more incidents may be classed as offences in future with the new offence of 'coercive or controlling behaviour'31.

30

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-national-standard-for-incident-recording-nsir-countingrules 31

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/482528/Controlling_or_co ercive_behaviour_-_statutory_guidance.pdf

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Needs Assessment July 2016 Further details around the recording of police data can be found in the Counting Rules for recorded crime (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/counting-rules-for-recorded-crime), some relevant extracts of which can be found in Appendix 3. Appendix 4 provides a crime recording flowchart in accordance with the National Crime Recording Standard. Figure 8 below shows the rate of domestic abuse incidents in Worcestershire during 2014-15 per 1,000 of the population by LSOA. Again, the location is based on where the incident took place. Incidents are occasions where the police were called to attend in relation to domestic abuse, but which were not officially classed as crimes.

Figure 8: Rate of Domestic Abuse Incidents per 1,000 population by LSOA, financial year 2014-15

Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

Of the 72 LSOAs with rates of domestic abuse incidents per 1,000 population in the highest quintile for Worcestershire, 20 are in Worcester, 18 are in Redditch, 12 in Wyre Forest, 9 in Wychavon, 7 in Bromsgrove and 6 in Malvern Hills. Table 2 shows the 10 LSOAs with the highest domestic abuse incident rates per 1,000 population in 2014-15.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Table 2: 10 LSOAs with the Highest Domestic Abuse Incident Rates per 1,000 population in financial year 2014-15 Incident Rate per 1,000 70.05 62.89 60.00 59.85 53.97

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Old Warndon, East of Cranham Drive Horsefair Area Worcester Bus Station Area Lowesmoor Rifle Range Area (Jubilee Drive, Avon Road, Shrawley Avenue Area) Woodrow (Area between Woodrow North & Woodrow South Roads) South-West Gorse Hill Cathedral Area Ronkswood (Canterbury Road Area) Warndon, Windermere Drive

Warndon Broadwaters Cathedral Cathedral Oldington and Foley Park Greenlands

Worcester Wyre Forest Worcester Worcester Wyre Forest Redditch

44.32

Gorse Hill Cathedral Nunnery Gorse Hill

Worcester Worcester Worcester Worcester

41.83 39.81 39.71 39.67

Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

It can be seen that 7 of the 10 LSOAs with the highest rate of domestic abuse crime are in Worcester, with three of these in the Cathedral ward, and two in Gorse Hill. Figure 9 below shows the rate of domestic abuse crimes in Worcestershire during 2014-15 per 1,000 of the population by LSOA. Again, the location is based on where the crime took place.

Figure 9: Rate of Domestic Abuse Crimes per 1,000 population by LSOA, financial year 2014-15

Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

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Needs Assessment July 2016 Of the 72 LSOAs with rates of domestic abuse crimes per 1,000 population in the highest quintile for Worcestershire, 19 are in Worcester, 18 are in Redditch, 17 in Wyre Forest, 9 in Wychavon, 5 in Malvern Hills and 4 in Bromsgrove. Table 3 shows the 10 LSOAs with the highest domestic abuse crime rates per 1,000 population in 2014-15.

Table 3: 10 LSOAs with Highest Domestic Abuse Crime Rates per 1,000 population in financial year 2014-15 LSOA Name

Ward

District

Horsefair Area Lowesmoor Worcester Bus Station Area Rifle Range Area (Jubilee Drive, Avon Road, Shrawley Avenue Area) Cathedral Area The Walshes South-West Gorse Hill Kidderminster Town Centre/Comberton Hill/Aggborough Area Old Warndon (Grasmere Drive/Borrowdale Drive Area) Moon's Moat

Broadwaters Cathedral Cathedral Oldington and Foley Park Cathedral Areley Kings Gorse Hill Greenhill

Wyre Forest Worcester Worcester Wyre Forest

Crime Rate per 1,000 39.46 38.67 35.20 26.05

Worcester Wyre Forest Worcester Wyre Forest

24.98 24.36 22.89 22.58

Gorse Hill

Worcester

19.45

Church Hill

Redditch

19.05

Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

It can be seen that 5 of the 10 LSOAs with the highest rate of domestic abuse crime are in Worcester, with three of these in the Cathedral ward. A further 4 of the LSOAs are in Wyre Forest. The area of 'Old Warndon, East of Cranham Drive' has the highest rate of domestic abuse incidents, but a comparatively low rate of domestic abuse crimes.

Victims Figure 10 below shows the rate of domestic abuse victims in Worcestershire during 2014-15 per 1,000 of the population by LSOA. The location is based on the home address of the victim. Repeat victims only appear once in the data. Of the 72 LSOAs with rates of domestic abuse victims per 1,000 population in the highest quintile for Worcestershire, 20 are in Worcester, 19 are in Wyre Forest, 15 in Redditch, 8 in Wychavon, 6 in Malvern Hills and 4 in Bromsgrove.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 10: Rate of Domestic Abuse Victims per 1,000 population by LSOA, financial year 2014-15

Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

Table 4 shows the 10 LSOAs with the highest rates of victims of domestic abuse per 1,000 population in 2014-15.

Table 4: 10 LSOAs with the highest rate of Domestic Abuse Victims per 1,000 population in financial year 2014-15 LSOA Name

Ward

District

Horsefair Area Lowesmoor Worcester Bus Station Area Rifle Range Area (Jubilee Drive, Avon Road, Shrawley Avenue Area) Kidderminster Town Centre/Comberton Hill/Aggborough Area Cathedral Area The Walshes Old Warndon (Grasmere Drive/Borrowdale Drive Area) Old Warndon, East of Cranham Drive King George's Field Area, Tolladine

Broadwaters Cathedral Cathedral Oldington and Foley Park

Wyre Forest Worcester Worcester

48 32 35

Victim Rate per 1,000 29.59 29.47 28.00

Wyre Forest

32

19.85

Greenhill

Wyre Forest

45

19.54

Cathedral Areley Kings

Worcester Wyre Forest

19 21

14.83 14.61

Gorse Hill

Worcester

18

14.59

Warndon

Worcester

18

14.49

Rainbow Hill

Worcester

22

14.39

Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

Page | 32

Number

Needs Assessment July 2016 The areas of Horsefair, Lowesmoor, and Worcester Bus Station have equally high rates of domestic abuse victims. 6 of the 10 areas with the highest rates of domestic abuse victims are in Worcester and the other 4 are in Wyre Forest. 7 of the 10 areas with the highest rate of domestic abuse victims are also in the 10 areas with the highest rate of domestic abuse crime and incidents, namely;       

Cathedral Area Horsefair Area Lowesmoor Old Warndon, East of Cranham Drive Rifle Range Area (Jubilee Drive, Avon Road, Shrawley Avenue Area) The Walshes Worcester Bus Station Area

Further comparisons of LSOA rates of domestic abuse crimes, incidents and victims can be found in the LSOA matrix in appendix 7.

Domestic Abuse and Deprivation The CSEW found that women living in households in the 20% most deprived areas of England were more likely to be victims of domestic abuse than women in the 20% least deprived areas, with 9.9% of women living in the 20% most deprived areas of England estimated to have been victims of domestic abuse compared to 6.1% in the 20% least deprived. The prevalence of domestic abuse for men was not statistically different between these two area types. However, both men and women who lived in areas where there was a high level of physical disorder were more likely to suffer domestic abuse. Physical disorder is a measure based on the interviewer’s assessment of the level of; (a) vandalism, graffiti and deliberate damage to property; (b) rubbish and litter; and (c) homes in poor condition in the area. 15.4% of women and 8.3% of men living in these areas estimated to have been victims of domestic abuse compared with 8.0% of women and 4.3% of men living outside of these areas.32 Analysis of data from the Department of Health funded Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) found that extensive experience of violence and abuse was more common among; people with a lower household income, a low level of educational qualification (GCSE or equivalent) and living in rented households, in the most deprived neighbourhoods. However, this pattern did not hold for all groups characterized by violence and abuse. Having a degree, for example, was associated with being in one of the two sexual violence only groups.33.

Crime and Incidents Figure 11 below shows the total number of police recorded domestic abuse crimes and incidents by 2010 National income deprivation deciles. Income decile 1 represents the most income deprived areas and decile 10 the least.

32

Crime Survey for England and Wales, (2015), Chapter 4: Violent Crime and Sexual Offences - Intimate Personal Violence and Serious Sexual Assault, Office for National Statistics, February 2015 33

Violence, abuse and mental health in England: Population patterns, Responding effectively to violence and abuse (REVA project) Briefing 1, October 2015

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 11: Number of Total Recorded Domestic Abuse Crimes and Incidents by National Income Deprivation Decile, financial year 2014-15 2014-15

No of Crimes and Incidents 1,800

1,400

1,184

1,200

1,419

1,588

1,600

344

400

701

601

600

763

820

957

800

979

1,000

200 0 1 (Most)

2

3

4

5

6

National Income Decile Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

7

8

9

10 (Least)

Although the highest number of recorded domestic abuse crimes and incidents occurred in areas in income decile 2, it must be remembered that Worcestershire is less deprived than the National average, and therefore will have fewer areas that fall within the more deprived National deciles. Indeed, only 3% (17,369) of Worcestershire's population lives in an area which is in national income deprivation decile 1. Just over 16% (92,172) of Worcestershire's population reside in areas that fall into national income decile 9, which accounts for the largest proportion of the local population out of all the deciles. Figure 12 below, therefore expresses the number of domestic abuse crimes and incidents as a rate per 1,000 population.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 12: Rate of Domestic Abuse Crimes and Incidents per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, financial year 2014-15 2014-15

Rate per 1,000 pop 60

Worcs Average

50

13.4

9.5

8.5

7.6

5.6

10

17.7

22.6

20

32.9

40.2

30

56.4

40

6

7

8

9

10 (Least)

0 1 (Most)

2

3

4

5

National Income Decile Source: West Mercia Police financial year data 2014-2015

It can be quite clearly seen that the rate of domestic abuse crimes and incidents in Worcestershire in 2014-15 fell with the rate of income deprivation. Indeed, the rate in the most deprived income decile is around 10 times that in the least income deprived decile. Figure 35 in appendix 6, shows the rate of domestic abuse crimes in Worcestershire per 1,000 population by national income deprivation decile. Again it can be seen from the chart that the rate of domestic abuse crimes in Worcestershire in 2014-15 fell with the rate of income deprivation. Here, the rate in the most deprived income decile is almost 9 times that in the least income deprived decile. Figure 36 in appendix 6, shows the rate of domestic abuse incidents in Worcestershire per 1,000 population by national income deprivation decile. It can be seen from the chart that the rate of domestic abuse incidents in Worcestershire in 2014-15 fell with the rate of income deprivation. Here, the rate in the most deprived income decile is over 10 times that in the least income deprived decile. Figure 37 in appendix 6, shows the rate of domestic abuse victims per 1,000 of the population in 2014-15 by income deprivation decile. This is based on the home address of the victim with repeat victims only counted once in the data. It can be seen from the chart that the rate of domestic abuse victim in Worcestershire in 2014-15 fell with the rate of income deprivation. Here, the rate in the most deprived income decile is almost 8 times that in the least income deprived decile.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Offence and incident types Domestic abuse (DA) offences and incidents can be categorised by broad offence types. DA offences tend to be predominantly assaults, whereas DA incidents tend to be predominantly classed as 'domestic abuse incidents' which is primarily made up of emotional domestic abuse incidents. The table below shows the proportion of all domestic abuse offences in Worcestershire during 2014-15 by broad offence type. A list of the different offence types can be found in the Home Office's Counting Rules for Recorded Crime offence classification index, https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/419542/countoffence-classification-index-april-2015.pdf.

Table 5: Top 5 DA Broad Offence Types & Proportion of all DA Offences in Worcestershire financial year 2014-15 DA Broad Offence Type Proportion Assaults 63.6% Harassment 13.9% Criminal Damage 9.5% Sexual Offending 4.2% Theft Dwelling 1.7% Source: West Mercia Police 2014-2015

It can be seen that 'Assaults' account for the largest proportion of domestic abuse types. The table below shows the proportion of domestic abuse incidents offences in Worcestershire during 2014-15 by broad incident type. A list of the different types of incidents can be found in Appendix 5, which is taken from the National Standard for Incident Recording, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-national-standard-for-incident-recording-nsircounting-rules.

Table 6: Top 5 DA Broad Offence Types & Proportion of all DA Incidents in Worcestershire financial year 2014-15 DA Broad Offence Type Proportion Emotional-Domestic Abuse 90.3% Harassment 4.7% Physical-Domestic Abuse 2.3% Child Incident - Emotional Abuse 1.4% Vulnerable Adult 0.5% Source: West Mercia Police 2014-2015

It can be seen that 'Emotional' abuse accounts for the vast majority of domestic abuse incidents.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Health Data Between Oct 2013 and June 2014 there were 479 assaults where the victim attended A&E. 111 or 23% of these are recorded as having taken place in a domestic setting, in the home. Just 50 (10%) were recorded as having been perpetrated by the victim's partner. This figure is likely to be an underestimate of the true number which would actually constitute domestic abuse as only anything the victim discloses as being committed by their partner would be recorded as such. (Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, 2013-2014). In terms of A&E/minor injury or maternity data DA is not recorded (even in suspected cases), as the injuries will be recorded, but not the cause usually. Research has shown there not any routine datasets that WCC have ever had access to that record DA in a comprehensive way. During the period from the start of April 2015 until the start of March 2016, there have been 61 referrals regarding domestic abuse from the maternity service which covers the areas of Across Droitwich and Evesham. Referrals occur either;  

via disclosure from the woman when the routine question has been asked (this includes previous ex partners or family members, or when there has been a call out to a home regarding a domestic incident, the police complete a 'police log' which has a set of questions around domestic abuse which includes the question 'are you pregnant?' If the answer is 'yes' it is risk assessed and a copy of the police log is sent to maternity services who will then explore it further with the appropriate agencies.

All pregnant women are made aware of the helpline number for Women's Aid, and, in some cases, where there is escalating domestic issues or one incident of high risk abuse, the case may be referred to MARAC.

Impact on Children and Young People Children can experience domestic abuse in two ways;  

Children and young people can be a victim of domestic abuse in their own right and Children can be exposed to domestic abuse in the household they live in.

Police recorded data shows that during the financial year 2014-15 162 of victims of domestic abuse in Worcestershire were aged under 1834. This equates to around 6.5% of the total number of domestic abuse victims in Worcestershire during 2014-15. It should be remembered that for the purposes of this analysis, victim characteristics have been captured for unique victims from recorded DA offences. Victimisation is defined as a single instance or count whereby an individual becomes the victim of a domestic abuse offence or incident. Although each count of victimisation is separate and, therefore, an individual victim may suffer multiple counts of victimisation, repeat victims will only appear once in this data. Where domestic abuse occurs in a household 90% of incidents are likely to be witnessed by children that live within that household35. Current services collect data around family members of service users. At present current services only support children or young people if they are the victim of domestic abuse. Any support for children who have been exposed to domestic abuse would just be an extension of support for the parent. Households with children and a domestic abuse need often present or have been referred to Worcestershire County Council Early Help services. Out of a total of nearly 2,900 early help assessments carried out during 2013-14, 7.9% had domestic abuse recorded as a factor. This equates to around 230 assessments.

34

West Mercia Police Data 2014-15

35

Warwickshire Police and West Mercia Police Domestic Abuse Strategy 2014-2017

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Children Exposed to Domestic Abuse Crimes and Incidents Figure 13 below shows the number of children present or residing at the address of domestic abuse crimes and incidents in Worcestershire from 2013-14 to the third quarter of 2015-16.

Figure 13: Number of children exposed to domestic abuse crimes and incidents in Worcestershire by year 2013-14 to Q3 2015-16 North Worcestershire

South Worcestershire

7,000 6,000 5,000 3026 4,000

2905

2499

3,000 2,000 2686

3003

2653

1,000 0 2013-2014

2014-2015

2015-2016 - Q3

Source: West Mercia Police 2014-15

It can be seen that over the period 2013-14 to quarter three of 2015-16, the number of children exposed to domestic abuse crimes and incidents has increased. In 2013-14 a total of 5,185 children exposed to domestic abuse, compared to 6,029 in 2014-15, and 5,558 for the three quarters of 2015-16 for which data is available. In total, there have been just almost 17,000 children exposed to incidents of domestic abuse during the period 2013-14 to quarter three of 2015-16. The split of the number of children between North and South Worcestershire over the whole time period is fairly even, with 8,342 occurring in the North and 8,430 in the South. Figure 14 below shows the number of children present or residing at the address of domestic abuse crimes and incidents in Worcestershire and the number of times they have been exposed to domestic violence from the first quarter of 2013-14 to the third quarter of 2015-16.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 14: Number of children involved in domestic abuse incidents and number of times exposed to domestic violence in Worcestershire by year and quarter. Children Exposed to DV 3+ Times

4 Q Rolling Av

Children Exposed to DV 5+ Times 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Source: West Mercia Police 2015-16

It can be seen that the number of children exposed to three or more domestic violence crimes or incidents has more than doubled over the period, from 49 in the first quarter of 2013-14 to 124 in the third quarter of 2015-16. Over the same time period the number of children that have been exposed to five or more domestic violence crimes or incidents has increased from just 4 to 16. In total 909 children were exposed to domestic violence three times or more and 137 were exposed 5 times or more over the period 2013-14 to quarter three of 2015-16.

Risk Factors The issues of domestic abuse, mental health and substance misuse have been identified as common features of families where harm to children has occurred. They are viewed as indicators of increased risk of harm to children and young people. It is important to remember that although such risks may be present, it does not necessarily follow that they present an issue to a child’s wellbeing. Table 7 below shows the number of parent/carer domestic violence factors recorded on referrals to Children's Social Care Services in Worcestershire. All the information comes from boxes ticked on forms in the records by access centre staff and social workers when they complete the tasks. Recording of this information did not commence until January 2015 (Quarter 4 2014-15).

Table 7 - Domestic Abuse Risk Factors recorded on Referrals in Q4 2014-15 to Q2 2015-16 Quarter 4 2014-15 Factors Recorded Parent/carer Domestic violence No factors recorded (Blanks) Total Referrals

Quarter 1 2015-16

Quarter 2 2015-16

Number

% of Total

Number

% of Total

Number

% of Total

171 268 1,112

15.4% 24.1% -

200 47 1,197

18.0% 4.2% -

233 41 1,046

21.0% 3.7% -

Source: Framework-i, WCC Children's services

Page | 39

Needs Assessment July 2016 It can be seen that in quarter 4 of 2014-15 around 15% of referrals had parent/carer domestic violence recorded as a factor. This rose to 18% in quarter 1 of 2015-16 and 21% in quarter 2. It should be noted, however, that the percentage of referrals with no factors recorded fell from 24% in quarter 4 of 2014-15 to 4.2% in quarter 1 of 2015-16, and even further to 3.7% in quarter 2.

Assessments Information about these practice issue identified at child protection conferences is recorded on a standard form after every conference. Only the three most relevant issues can be recorded on the form and sometimes only one or two issues are recorded. Figure 15 below shows the percentage of assessments by the number of factors recorded for the parent and/or carer for quarter one and two of 2015-16. It can be seen that the percentage of assessments with either three or four factors recorded has increased during the time period.

Figure 15: Percentage of Parent/Carer Assessments by the Number of Risk Factors Recorded, Q1 2015-16 to Q2 2015-16 Q1 2015-16

Q2 2015-16

70% 60% 50%

58.8%

30%

59.7%

40%

1.7%

1.1%

6.1%

5.2%

10.9%

10%

12.0%

22.0%

22.5%

20%

0% 0

1

2

3

4

Source: Framework-i, WCC Children's services

Figure 16 below shows the percentage of assessments by the type of factors recorded for the parent and/or carer for quarter three of 2014-15 to quarter two of 2015-16.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 16: Percentage of Assessments with Risk Factors recorded Q3 2014-15 to Q2 2015-16 Q3 2014-15

Q4 2014-15

Q1 2015-16

Q2 2015-16

50% 45% 40% 35%

25.0%

25.0%

19.9%

21.6%

33.2%

40.0%

44.3% 8.7%

10.0%

11.4%

10.2%

8.0%

9.0%

12.1%

11.3%

20.0%

21.0%

16.4%

5%

29.3%

23.0%

10%

27.0%

15%

28.8%

20%

30.6%

25%

44.0%

30%

0% Parent/carer Domestic Violence

Parent/Carer Parent/Carer Parent/Carer With any of the Mental Health Alcohol Misuse Drugs Misuse factors above

No factors recorded (Blanks)

Source: Framework-i, WCC Children's services

It can be seen that there appears to be a decrease in the percentage of factors recorded across each category from quarter three of 2014-15 to quarter two of 2015-16. However, it is worth noting that the percentage of assessments where 'no factors' have been recorded i.e. left blank, has also increased during this period. Figure 17 below shows the type of factors recorded as a percentage of the total number of recorded, regardless of position on the list of three. It should be noted that the process for recording after child protection conferences has changed since Jan 2015 so this information is not available for Quarter 4 of 2014-15 and Quarter 1 2015-16.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 17 - Factors recorded at Initial Child Protections Conferences 2013-14 and 2014-15* 2013-14 0%

5%

2014-15

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Domestic Abuse Parenting Capacity (only) Substance Misuse - Drugs Substance Misuse - Alcohol Mental Health (Parent) Adult Posing Risk to Children Housing Issues Attachment Difficulties Inappropriate Chastisement Learning Disability (Parent) Victim of Sexual Abuse (Adult) Victim of Sexual Abuse (Child) Fabricated or induced illness Child Perpetrator of Sexual Abuse Sexual Exploitation Other Issues Source: Framework-i, WCC Children's services Note: * Information for 2014-15 only covers the first 3 quarters of the financial year.

It can be seen that domestic abuse was the most identified relevant factor in child protection conferences in both 2013-14 and 2014-15, accounting for 37% of all factors recorded in 201314 (214 out of a total of 576) and 34% of all factors recorded in for the first 3 quarters of 201415 (182 out of 532). Figure 18 below shows the number of children by the number of issues they have been at risk of being affected by, as identified at Children's Social Care assessments for the period April to September 2015. It is important to remember that this is an identification of risk and not necessarily that these children have actually been affected by the issues identified at assessment.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 18: Number of Risk Factors (April – September 2015 based on CSC Assessment factors)

Source: Framework-i, WCC Children's services

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Needs Assessment July 2016

By Location Figure 19 below shows a map of the rate of social care assessments where Domestic Abuse has been identified as a factor per 1,000 of the population. There are 2 types of assessments shown; those that follow on directly from a new referral and those done where the child is already receiving services (open case).The location is determined by the postcode of residence. It should be noted that data there is not a full 2 years data as recording of this information did not begin until August 2013.

Figure 19: Rate of Social Care Assessments where Domestic Violence has been identified as a factor per 1,000 population by LSOA, 2013-14 and 2014-15

Source: Framework-i, WCC Children's services – check this for full reference 2013-15

Table 8 shows the 10 LSOAs with the highest rate of assessments where domestic violence was identified in 2013-15 per 1,000 population. It can be seen that 5 of the 10 LSOAs with the highest rate of social care assessments with domestic violence identified are in Wyre Forest, with three of these in the Broadwaters ward. The Greenlands ward in Redditch and the ward of Warndon in Worcester both have 2 LSOAs in the 10 with the highest rates for social care assessments with domestic violence identified. Four of the ten areas with highest rates of social care assessments with domestic abuse identified as a factor are also in the ten areas with the highest rates of domestic abuse victims, and crime and incidents, namely;    

Horsefair Area Old Warndon, East of Cranham Drive Rifle Range Area (Jubilee Drive, Avon Road, Shrawley Avenue Area) The Walshes Page | 44

Needs Assessment July 2016 The area of Woodrow (Area between Woodrow North & Woodrow South Roads) is also included in the ten areas with the highest rates of domestic abuse crimes and incidents, but not in the ten areas with the highest rates of domestic abuse victims. Further comparisons of LSOA rates of domestic abuse crimes, incidents and victims can be found in the LSOA matrix in appendix 7.

Table 8: 10 LSOAs with the Highest Rate of Social Care Assessments with Domestic Violence identified as a factor during 2013-14 and 2014-15 per 1,000 population Number

SC Assessment Rate per 1,000

Wyre Forest

61

37.84

Greenlands

Redditch

49

33.93

Broadwaters

Wyre Forest

51

31.44

Warndon

Worcester

30

24.15

St John

Worcester

32

20.77

Broadwaters

Wyre Forest

36

19.85

Areley Kings

Wyre Forest

27

18.79

Greenlands

Redditch

26

18.58

Warndon Broadwaters

Worcester Wyre Forest

35 26

17.43 16.68

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Rifle Range Area (Jubilee Drive, Avon Road, Shrawley Avenue Area) St. Thomas More First School Area Horsefair Area Old Warndon, East of Cranham Drive Dines Green Part of Broadwaters, Upton Road The Walshes Woodrow (Area between Woodrow North & Woodrow South Roads) Brickfields Sladen

Oldington and Foley Park

Source: Framework-i, WCC Children's services – check this for full reference 2013-15

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Needs Assessment July 2016

By Deprivation Figure 20 below shows the rate of social care assessments of children where domestic violence is recorded as a factor per 1,000 of the population by national income deprivation decile.

Figure 20: Rate of Assessments of Children where Domestic Violence is recorded as a factor per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, 2013-14 and 2014-15 2014-15

Rate per 1,000 pop 25

Worcs Average

20

1.5

0.8

6

1.0

2.2

5

1.5

3.1

4.8

5

8.5

9.9

10

19.7

15

7

8

9

10 (Least)

0 1 (Most)

2

3

4

Income Decile Source: WCC Children's services – check this for full reference 2013-15

It can be quite clearly seen that the rate of assessments where domestic violence was recorded as a factor increases with the rate of income deprivation. Indeed, the rate in the most deprived income decile is almost 25 times that in the least income deprived decile.

Page | 46

Needs Assessment July 2016

Domestic Abuse and Homelessness The most common reasons for homelessness are the end of assured short hold tenancy and relationship breakdown, particularly if there is also domestic violence.36 During the period 2011 to 2014, 28 people in Worcestershire who presented to the Local Authority housing teams as homeless received homeless prevention measures in the form of sanctuary scheme measures for domestic violence (P1E Data 2011-2014). Figure 38 in Appendix 8 shows the percentage of all homelessness acceptances in Worcestershire by priority need for the period 2009-14. It can be seen that the presence of children under 16 in the household is by far the most prevalent reason for homelessness acceptances in Worcestershire during the 5 year period. 6.9% of those who presented to the Local Authority housing teams as homeless were considered to be vulnerable because they have fled their home as a result of violence or threat of violence. Domestic violence is calculated within this category of priority need, and accounts for 155 of 256 of these instances. If domestic violence was to be calculated as a separate category, it would account for 4.2% of all the homelessness acceptances in Worcestershire during the period 2009-14. It should be noted that this is only where the applicant is without and is not expecting a dependent child and the above reason is identified as the priority need category – secondary need categories cannot be recorded, and so this is likely to be an under-representation. Figure 39 in Appendix 8 shows the reasons for loss of last settled home in Worcestershire during 2009-14. It can be seen that 9.9% of those presenting to Worcestershire County Council as homeless during 2009-14 stated that violent breakdown of relationship involving their partner was a reason for the loss of their last settled home. This accounts for 356 of all homelessness applications during the 5 year period. It should be remembered that domestic abuse does not necessarily involve violence, and 6.9% of those presenting as homeless stated that the loss of their last settled home was due to nonviolent breakdown of relationship with their partner. This equates to 249 people over 5 years. Domestic abuse may or may not have been a factor in these incidents, but this number is entirely separate to those presenting as homeless due to a violent relationship breakdown.

36

ONS/DCLG, Rough sleeping Statistics, 2014

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Aspirations of the Population Summary of Choice Checker Findings The Choice Checkers are a Quality Peer Review Team, placed in Worcestershire County Council Joint Commissioning Unit. The team supports service user involvement in the Commissioning cycle including strategic and service reviews, service and specification design and tender evaluation. The team consists of people who have lived experience of receiving support services and support workers who assist them. For this needs assessment, the team recruited and trained 5 female volunteers who have lived experience of Domestic Abuse and support services to assist in this work. The team also recruited 2 volunteers, who had formerly used services - 1 from each of the 2 providers, to sit on the Project Board. The Choice Checkers facilitated 11 focus groups across the county attended by 84 survivors, the majority of whom are current service users. People came from every walk of life, social background, gender and age group. 84.5% of respondents had children. 5% of respondents were male service users (this was a good response rate as 6% of funding is currently spent on male services. Responses may have also been received from former service users). Some had been in long term abusive relationships before seeking help. We did not interview perpetrators as part of this process. In total 134 questionnaires were completed, some at focus groups and some online. The summary report of the Choice Checker Findings can be found in Appendix 9. It could be argued that this information has its limitations and should be used with caution. For example, the survey asked all domestic abuse service users to rate the importance of specific services regardless if they have actually used them or not. This would inevitable skew the results as a specific service is going to be 'more important' to someone that has used it than to someone who hasn't or doesn't have the need to.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Outcomes Assessment A review of evidence surrounding Domestic Abuse found that "although increased rates of violence are not a desired outcome, increased reporting of real incidents is a public health benefit if it results in prompt police action that reduces the severity of injury or in research that identifies efficacious prevention procedures"37 Indeed, whilst we want to encourage more victims to report, thereby demonstrating enhanced trust and confidence in our collective response, we should also be aiming to reduce revictimization of DA crimes. The 80% increase in the number of calls to the domestic abuse helpline over the past 6 months is a healthy indicator that our awareness campaigns are being effective. The REVA (responding effectively to violence and abuse) project found that the long-term consequences of violence and abuse can only be addressed if appropriate services for survivors are available. Many such services are located within the voluntary sector, and the fact that they are oversubscribed indicates a high level of demand, but there is limited robust evidence as to whether, how and why they work.38 NICE guidance (2014a) on health and social care responses to domestic violence suggests there is a need for further research on how effective a range of interventions are in the short, medium and long term, across various levels of risk and including diverse and marginalised groups. An outcomes framework that could be used across services and kinds/levels of abuse would be a useful foundation for this and could help inform a growing evidence base.39 Although outcome measures in the violence and abuse field may be under-developed, there is growing consensus about what should be measured. Specialist third sector services have drawn on their experience and expertise to identify issues of concern to survivors, such as having a sense of control, positive relationships with others, and being able to assert their rights and views (see, for example, Rape Crisis England & Wales, 2013 and women’s Aid & Imkaan, 2014). The Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) ‘Healthy lives, healthy people: Improving outcomes and supporting transparency’ sets out a vision for public health, desired outcomes and the indicators that will help us understand how well public health is being improved and protected. The relevant outcome for domestic abuse and violence from the PHOF is; •

Rate of domestic abuse incidents recorded by the police per 1,000 population

A full definition of this outcome measure is provided in table 25 of appendix 10.

37

Stokes S et al, (2013), A summary of evidence using the Campbell Collaboration systematic review Evidenced based policing: Developing a response to domestic violence, National Institute for Health Research 38

REVA project, A briefing for service providers and commissioners: Measuring outcomes for survivors of violence and abuse, Responding effectively to violence and abuse (REVA project) Briefing 5, October 2015. http://www.natcen.ac.uk/media/1057984/REVA_Brief-5_Guidance-for-service-providers-andcommissioners_FINAL_071015.pdf 39

NICE, (2014a) Domestic violence and abuse: multi-agency working, NICE guidelines [PH50], February 2014, http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph50

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Current Service Provision Model of Service Provision There are a number of separate services contracted by Worcestershire County Council that deal with domestic abuse. These can be summarised as; • • • • •

24 hour help line –WMWA (part funded by PCC and across West Mercia) WMWA main contract to fund refuge provision and 1:1 work Stonham main contract to fund safe house, 1:1 work, group work and training IDVA contract (part funded by PCC and service provided across West Mercia. (There is also a hospital IDVA pilot due which ended December 2016) Stonham Training contract funding training for professionals and survivors

Figure 21 below shows the 'Pyramid of Support' which summarises the 4 tiers of support and all of the types of services within them which are funded and provided by a range of partners.

Figure 21: Pyramid of Support TIER 4 - SUPPORT FOR HIGH RISK VICTIMS AND CHILDREN Multi Agency Risk Assessment Conferences and partnership working with external agencies (MARAC) Independent Domestic Violence Advisors (IDVAS) specialist assessment , advocacy, case management with social care and risk assessment

TIER 3 - EMERGENCY ACCOMMODATION Refuges, safe houses, supported community units supported by DA workers

TIER 2 - EARLY INTERVENTION, RECOVERY SUPPORT 1:1 and group targeted support for victims, 1:1 and group programme for perpetrators, resettlement support, recovery programmes for adults, survivor and peer support networks, Specialist DA Courts, legal action (civil and criminal), Sexual Abuse Recovery Centre services (SARC), Parenting and Family Support Providers, Stronger Families Services.

TIER 1 - UNIVERSAL PROVISION AND PREVENTION Single Point of Access (SPA), national and local helplines and websites, training and support programmes for professionals and volunteers to raise awareness, education work in schoolshealthy relationships, screening and low threshold interventions by maternity, health visiting, school nurses, GPs, housing, police, substance misuse professionals, DWP professionals.

Notes: Emergency supported housing includes refuges for women and their children and supported accommodation units across Worcestershire.

Key statutory duties rest with Worcestershire County Council Children's Services (in terms of children in need of protection), Public Health in terms of population wide health inequalities and community safety duties, Police, and District Council's in terms of homelessness duty in relation Page | 50

Needs Assessment July 2016 to housing. None of the statutory duties relate to support for victims or survivors. There is no statutory duty relating to Worcestershire County Council Adult Services, unless there is adult safeguarding. There is a statutory duty on health to meet the needs of the local population, and this has to include people whose mental or physical health needs are caused by domestic violence. This is a subtle, but important point. It is difficult to evidence 'need' for each tier as although there is extensive data on domestic abuse in Worcestershire, there is no common monitoring across all agencies and there is recognised under reporting of domestic abuse and victims and survivors coming forward for help, hence the recommendation for common monitoring to be implemented across key agencies in Worcestershire. Worcestershire County Council contracts with two organisations to deliver dedicated DA services across Worcestershire for people who are experiencing or who have experienced DA. The two organisations are Home Group (Stonham) and West Mercia Women's Aid. This specifically includes the IDVA service, support in refuges for women and their children, support in the safe houses, community/floating support for male victims, females and BME service users for people who wish to remain in their own home and resettlement support after moving on from supported housing. These services are funded via Adult Services housing related support funding, which is now Public Health Ring Fenced Grant. There is also funding for a Domestic Abuse Coordinator. Current investment of Children's Services funding includes Early Help, Stronger Families, Children's Services Social Care and Safeguarding.

Pathways and processes to DA provision generally In terms of the associated pathways and processes to access the services. Within the tiers there is no single pathway. The diagram attached shows the complexity due to the number of agencies a victim may approach for help either directly or indirectly. The single front door /pathway to all services is now via the helpline Once a victim is identified as experiencing domestic abuse by any of the organisations a person may approach, the pathway then needs to be made simpler. This could be that all victims are signposted to the dedicated support provider(s) (including being given the DA helpline number) in order for their needs and risks to be assessed. Simultaneously they may need referral to WCC (adult or children's services) if there is felt to be a safeguarding issue; the Police if they wish to report the crime; the district council in terms of housing options and homelessness prevention; and their GP if there are health issues.

Purpose of contracted housing related DA support services The current purpose of these services is to provide low level housing related support based on individual needs and aspirations. The short term aim is to enhance the individuals and their families' safety and security, the medium term aim is to enable people to live independently and gain or sustain their own accommodation. The longer term aim is to empower people with the life skills and confidence to regain control of their lives and to try and break the cycle of domestic abuse.

Quality of contracted services The current two providers have had an assessment of level A against the Quality Assessment Framework (QAF). This is a national quality framework used for all providers and their services with housing related support contracts. Annual self-assessments have been completed although not for the last 18 months. Previously service reviews were undertaken both desk top and on site. This included robust quality monitoring including provider self-assessment, reviews of policy and procedures, analysing statistical returns (PI's, outcomes and client record information to understand the profile of new service users), collating stakeholder, staff, and service user feedback directly. Quarterly contract and performance monitoring of West Mercia Women's Aid and Stonham Home Group has continued to take place over the past 18 months of the contracts. Page | 51

Needs Assessment July 2016

Capacity of contracted services Table 9 below shows the capacity of the contracted services.

Table 9: Capacity of Contracted Services Current Provider

Service

Average Capacity (people supported at any one time)

WMWA

Independent Domestic Violence Advisors (IDVA) service Floating support for females (no matter where you live) and resettlement support after moving on from supported housing Floating support for BME specific service Floating support for females (no matter where you live) and resettlement support after moving on from supported housing Floating support for males (no matter where you live)

24

WMWA

WMWA Home Group

68 people (includes 16 people supported in refuges and 52 in the community) 9 100 (includes 19 people supported in safe houses, 6 people in refuges and 75 in the community) 12 (could be safe houses and in the community)

Figure 22 below shows a flowchart of Domestic Abuse services in Worcestershire. Tables 10 and 11 below show the referral activity for WMWA and Stonham in Worcestershire from April 2015 to December 2015 in line with flowchart's service pathways. There were a total of 1,470 referrals through the WMWA Worcestershire helpline and 443 referrals through Stonham during this period.

Table 10: WMWA Worcestershire Referrals from Helpline, April 2015 to December 2015 Number and Percentage of Referrals April 2015 to December 2015 IDVA Service

Accommodation

No. of referrals to Refuge

No. of referrals to other refuges

218

40

One to One Support

Group Programmes

No. of referrals to IDVA

No. of referrals to 1-2-1 support

No. of referrals to group work

No. of referrals for male victim services

48

410

581

12

14.83% 2.72% 3.27% 27.89% 39.52% 0.82% Source: West Mercia Women's Aid 2015-16 Monitoring Reports

Other No. of referrals to 1-2-1 & group work (dual support) 17

No. of referrals to other community support services Stonham 55

1.16%

3.74%

No. of referrals awaiting assessment for WOR DA services 89 6.05%

Table 11: Stonham Worcestershire Referrals, April 2015 to December 2015 Number and Percentage of Referrals April 2015 to December 2015 Accommodation

Group Programmes

Refuge / Safe House Referrals (men and women)

Freedom Programme Referrals

71

196

Outreach

Rejuvenate Referrals

16.03% 44.24% Source: Stonham 2015-16 Monitoring Reports

Outreach (Men)

Outreach (Women)

24

34

118

5.42%

7.67%

26.64%

Appendix 11 contains figures showing flowcharts of the referral pathway for support services, the referral pathway for the refuge service, and the referral pathway for male services.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 22: Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Services Flowchart

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Current activity West Mercia Women's Aid - Incoming Calls During the period from April 2012 to December 2015 there were almost 32,000 incoming calls to the West Mercia Women's Aid (WMWA) Helpline which covers Herefordshire, Shropshire and Worcestershire. Calls to Worcestershire Domestic Abuse (WOR DA) Helpline consistently represented around 55% of all incoming calls over the three year period, as shown in table 12 below. There is no specific data relating to time of day or night in which these calls were received.

Table 12: Number of Incoming Calls (IC) to the WMWA Helpline (HL) for Worcestershire Domestic Abuse (WOR) WM DA Helpline Incoming Calls No. of calls made to WOR (2012-13) No. of calls made to WOR (2013-14) No. of calls made to WOR (2014-15) No. of calls made to WOR (2015-16)* Total

Total IC WOR Calls 2,391 3,592 3,815 6,701 16,499

Total IC All HL Calls 4,385 6,470 7,054 12,284 30,193

% of Total HL 54.53% 55.52% 54.08% 54.55% 54.65%

Source: West Mercia Women's Aid. Note: * The number of calls for 2015-16 covers the period from April 2015 to December 2015 only.

It can also be seen from the table that the number of incoming calls to the Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Helpline has increased each year from 2012-13 to 2015-16. Indeed, the number of calls for the first 9 months of 2015-16 is almost three times higher than those in 2012-13 Figure 23 below shows the number if incoming calls to the Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Helpline by month for the period 2012-13 to 2015-16.

Figure 23: Number of calls to Worcestershire (WOR) Domestic Abuse helpline by month and year 2012-13 to 2015-16

1,200

No. of calls made to WOR (2012-13)

No. of calls made to WOR (2013-14)

No. of calls made to WOR (2014-15)

No. of calls made to WOR (2015-16)*

1,000

800

600

400

200

0 Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Source: West Mercia Women's Aid. Note: * The number of calls for 2015-16 covers the period from April 2015 to December 2015 only.

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Needs Assessment July 2016 It can be seen that shows the month containing the highest number of incoming calls is different in each of the four years, February in 2012-13, January in 2013-14, October in 2014-15, and September, so far, in 2015-16. It is worth noting, however, that October is consistently high and in the top three months for the number of incoming calls to the helpline for each of the four years. Taking the total number of incoming calls by month over the first three full years, the months with highest number of calls are, in order of highest first, October, January and November. In contrast June is the month with the lowest overall number of incoming calls during the period 2012-13 to 2014-15, and is in the bottom three months for number of incoming calls in each year. Table 13 below shows the number of incoming calls to the Worcestershire domestic abuse helpline for the first 9 months of 2015-16 compared to the same months for the previous year. Please note that some of the 2015-16 figures are provisional as not all the reports were completed or verified.

Table 13: Number of incoming calls (IC) to WMWA helpline (HL) for Worcestershire Domestic Abuse (WOR) in 2015-16 compared to 2014-15 No. of calls made to WOR by Month April May June July August September October November December Total

2014-15

2015-16

% Increase

273 296 281 313 287 356 404 333 321 2,864

470 468 553 524 832 1,036 997 945 876 6,701

72.2% 58.1% 96.8% 67.4% 189.9% 191.0% 146.8% 183.8% 172.9% 134.0%

Source: West Mercia Women's Aid

It can be quite clearly seen that the number of incoming calls (IC) to the Worcestershire (WOR) helpline (HL) so far during 2015-16 is significantly higher than for the same months in the previous year.

Location Figure 24 below shows the number of incoming call to the Worcestershire Domestic Abuse helpline by postcode district are for the period 2012-13 to 2014-15. Although the postcode district areas shown here are not directly comparable with the LSOAs in the maps on domestic abuse crimes, incidents and victims above, it can be seen that there is some correlation with a high number of calls coming from areas in the districts of Worcester, Wyre Forest and Redditch.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 24: Number of calls to Worcestershire (WOR) Domestic Abuse helpline by Postcode District 2012-13 to 2014-15

Source: West Mercia Women's Aid,

Appendix 12 shows a chart of the number of incoming calls to the Worcestershire Domestic Abuse helpline by postcode district are for the period 2012-13 to 2014-15 and a table with a full breakdown of the number and percentage of calls per postcode district and year. As it can be seen from the data, the majority of calls during the three year period have come from Kidderminster (DY10) and Worcester City (WR4). Both of these areas each account for around 15% of the total 9,798 calls received over the period 2012-13 to 2014-15. The proportion of callers from outside the West Mercia area is also comparatively high, accounting for around 11% of the total number of calls over the three years. The number of unique callers to the helpline continues to grow each year and with the exception of April and May 2013-14 (where unique caller level were exceptionally high) the monthly totals in 2014-15 are considerably higher than previous years – please note those counted in the unique caller totals are first time callers (either calling directly or referred through an agency) for each year counted. Therefore they may also be counted as a unique caller in previous or subsequent years.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Current Costs Cost of Domestic Abuse Domestic abuse and violence creates significant pressure on high cost and high intensity services across the system, including crime, health, and social care costs, especially for children and young people. Investment in prevention measures and in early intervention will therefore bring returns. In 2009 Professor Sylvia Walby updated her previous report "The Cost of Domestic Violence", published by the Women and Equality Unit, Department of Trade and Industry in 200440, from the year 2001 to 2008. There are several reasons for changes to the estimates: a decrease in the rate of domestic violence41; greater use of public services by victims of domestic violence, as a result of their development; and technical adjustments due to inflation and to growth in GDP. Table 14 below shows the estimated cost of domestic violence in 2001 and 2008. Table 14: Estimated Cost of Domestic Violence, 2001 and 2008 Costs 2001 £m Costs 2008 £m Services 3,111 3,856 Economic Output 2,672 1,920 Human and emotional costs 17,086 9,954 Total 22,869 15,730 Source: Walby 2009, The Cost of Domestic Violence: Up-date 2009, Lancaster University, UK

It can be seen that there has been a decrease in the estimated cost of domestic violence from £23bn in 2001 to £16bn in 2008. This is the result of a small increase in the cost of services, which is far outweighed by the decrease in the cost of lost economic output and the decrease in the human and emotional costs are an additional element not counted in the cost of services, but considers the emotional pain and suffering that domestic violence leads to. There has been a decrease in the amount of domestic violence between 2001 and 2008. This has been achieved in part by the development of and increased utilisation of public services. An example is that of the substantially higher rates of reporting of domestic violence to the police and other services. This means that, while the rate of domestic violence has been falling, the costs of public services have not declined. Indeed, as compared with 2001 the costs for 2008 are higher as a result of inflation. The costs for business and the wider society of domestic violence have declined as a result of the fall in the rate of domestic violence. This is at least in part due to the increased availability of and use of public services. The investment in public services to reduce domestic violence has been cost effective for the country as a whole. Six major services are used by victims of domestic violence:     

The criminal justice system: the police, prosecution services, courts, probation and prisons are included. Health care (both physical and mental health): GPs and hospitals are the major costs included. Social services: only the costs linked to children are included. Housing and refuges: the cost of emergency Local Authority housing and refuges are included. Civil legal services: the cost of solicitors and of injunctions are included.

40

The Cost of Domestic Violence by Sylvia Walby published by Women and Equality Unit in 2004 is available at: http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fass/sociology/papers/walby-costdomesticviolence.pdf 41

Alison Walker, John Flatley, Chris Kershaw, and Debbie Moon (2009) Crime in England and Wales 2008/09 Volume 1 Findings from the British Crime Survey and police recorded crime. http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb1109vol1.pdf

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Needs Assessment July 2016 The table below shows a breakdown of the estimated costs to services. It can be seen that most of the burden is estimated to fall on criminal justice and health care services.

Table 15: Estimated Cost of Domestic Violence by Service, 2001 and 2008 Services Criminal justice system Health care Social services Housing and refuges Civil legal services Total

Cost 2001 £m 1,017 1,396 228 158 312 3,111

Cost 2008 £m 1,261 1,730 283 196 387 3,856

Source: Walby 2009, The Cost of Domestic Violence: Up-date 2009, Lancaster University, UK

Table 16 below shows the estimated costs of domestic violence in Worcestershire and the districts. These are calculated using the Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) ready reckoner tool and ONS mid-2014 population estimates. The costs are derived by using UK estimates, and assuming that the costs will be split according to the proportion of the UK population made up by the population size of the area in question. It does not take into account differences in costs e.g. of housing between different parts of the country. The cost of domestic abuse is calculated using figures from Walby (2004): The Cost of Domestic Violence, and the cost of sexual assault is calculated using figures from Järvinen et al (2008): Hard-Knock Life. The single figure includes the costs of domestic violence, plus the estimated cost of sexual violence that does not occur in the context of domestic violence as these costs are included in the domestic violence figure. The methodology for calculating the two differs, and so the overall cost figure should be treated as an estimate only. The cost figures, which are for 2003-04, have been multiplied by HM Treasury's GDP deflation multiplier of 1.139 to bring the figure in line with 2007-08 costs. Other changes in costs have not been accounted for. This method estimates that the total cost of domestic violence in Worcestershire is £55m, excluding human and emotional cost. This is an additional element not counted in the cost of services, but considers the emotional pain and suffering that domestic violence leads to. This cost is estimated to be £175.5m in Worcestershire.

Table 16: Estimated Costs of Domestic Violence in Worcestershire Mid-2014 Population Estimate

Total costs (not including human and emotional costs £m 9.1 7.3 8.1 9.6 11.4 9.5

Physical and mental health care £m

Criminal justice £m

Social services £m

Bromsgrove 95,485 2.0 1.2 0.2 Malvern Hills 75,911 1.6 1.0 0.2 Redditch 84,471 1.7 1.1 0.2 Worcester 100,842 2.1 1.3 0.2 Wychavon 119,752 2.5 1.6 0.3 Wyre Forest 98,960 2.0 1.3 0.2 Worcestershire 575,421 55.0 11.8 7.5 1.4 County Source: VAWG Ready Reckoner and ONS 2014 mid-year population estimates.

Other (inc Housing, civil legal & employment £m

Human and emotiional costs £m

5.7 4.5 5.0 6.0 7.1 5.9

29.1 23.1 25.8 30.8 36.5 30.2

34.2

175.5

It has also been estimated that the total annual cost of violence against women comes to £40.1bn per year. This is more than the government spends each year on defence. The single largest cost is to the health service, followed by the criminal justice system42 42

HM Treasury (2007) Meeting the aspirations of the British people: 2007 Pre-Budget Report and Comprehensive Spending Review October 2007]

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Needs Assessment July 2016 The cost, in both human and economic terms, is so significant that even marginally effective interventions are cost effective.43 Further evidence on the cost effectiveness of interventions can be found at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/PH50/chapter/10-The-evidence.

43

NICE, (2014b), Domestic violence and abuse: how services can respond effectively NICE Local Government Briefings, June 2014, https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/lgb20/resources/domestic-violenceand-abuse-how-services-can-respond-effectively-60521200174789

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Assessment of Current Services Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness West Mercia Police The HMIC, 2015 PEEL: Police Effectiveness (Vulnerability) report provided an inspection of West Mercia Police effectiveness at protecting from harm those who are vulnerable and supporting victims (https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmic/wp-content/uploads/policeeffectiveness-vulnerability-2015-west-mercia.pdf). The report looked at four areas:    

How well does the force identify those who are vulnerable and assess their level of risk and need? How well does the force respond to vulnerable victims? How well does the subsequent police action and work with partners keep victims safe? How well does the force respond to and safeguard specific vulnerable groups (missing and absent children & victims of domestic abuse); and how well prepared is it to tackle child sexual exploitation?

Table 17 below summarises some key statistics from the report comparing West Mercia Police with England and Wales for the 12 month period to 31st March 2015

Table 17: Key Statistics from the HMIC PEEL Report comparing West Mercia Police with England and Wales during the 12 month period to 31st March 2015 Charge rates as a percentage of all crimes recorded (exc fraud) Domestic Abuse charge rates as a percentage of all domestic abuse crimes recorded Victim satisfaction rate

West Mercia Police

England and Wales

16.7%

16.6%

25.5%

27.3%

83.7%

83.8%

Source: HMIC, (2015) PEEL: Police Effectiveness 2015 (Vulnerability) report: An inspection of West Mercia Police. https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmic/wp-content/uploads/police-effectivenessvulnerability-2015-west-mercia.pdf *West Mercia Police was not able to provide data for the number of domestic abuse arrests per 100 domestic abuse crimes.

Overall the report found that West Mercia Police 'requires improvement'. "West Mercia Police generally provides a good service in identifying vulnerable victims and responds appropriately with its partners, and the public can be confident that many victims are well-supported. However, in some areas improvement is needed to ensure that the force provides a consistent service to victims and gives vulnerable people, particularly missing children, the response they need and keeps them safe."44 It must be remembered, however, that this report considers the effectiveness of the police force at the West Mercia level and, therefore, this is not specific to the police force in Worcestershire.

MARAC (Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conference) Multi-Agency Risk Assessment Conferences (MARACs) are regular local meetings where information about high risk domestic abuse victims (those at risk of murder or serious harm) is shared between local agencies. By bringing all agencies together at a MARAC, and ensuring that whenever possible the voice of the victim is represented by the IDVA (Independent 44

HMIC, (2015) PEEL: Police Effectiveness 2015 (Vulnerability) report: An inspection of West Mercia Police. https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmic/wp-content/uploads/police-effectivenessvulnerability-2015-west-mercia.pdf

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Needs Assessment July 2016 Domestic Violence Advisors), a risk focused, co-ordinated safety plan can be drawn up to support the victim. Although this is the primary focus of the MARAC, links with other multiagency meetings and processes can be made to safeguard children and manage the behaviour of the perpetrator. More than 60% of victims who get help from IDVAs and MARACs state that the abuse stops. MARAC meets twice a month in Worcestershire MARAC, once in North Worcestershire and once in South Worcestershire. Figure 47 in appendix 13 sets out how MARACs and IDVAs work. Table 18 below shows key data on MARAC in Worcestershire during the period April 2014 to March 2015 alongside recommended levels of activity by SafeLives, where appropriate. SafeLives is a national charity dedicated to ending domestic abuse, previously called Coordinated Action Against Domestic Abuse (Caada). SafeLives receive data from 284 Maracs across England and Wales, covering all 43 police force areas. This data is analysed and used to inform, amongst other things, how well MARAC areas are identifying high risk domestic abuse victims.

Table 18: MARAC Data April 2014 to March 2015 WM DA Helpline Incoming Calls No. of cases discussed Recommended no. of cases Children in household (inc repeats) Cases per 10,000 adult female pop Year on year change in no. of cases Repeat rate Police referrals Non-police referrals

North Worcestershire 156 460

South SafeLives Worcestershire Recommends 150 490 -

3,815

7,054

-

14

12

40

-5%

32%

-

26% 58% 42%

19% 43% 57%

28%-40% 60%-75% 25%-40%

Source: SafeLives MARAC Reports

Research shows that approximately 40 in 10,000 of the adult female population in the UK experience high risk domestic abuse at any one time. Using this, together with population figures and police reporting rates, SafeLives calculates how many adult females will be experiencing high risk domestic abuse in each Marac area. This figure is then used as the benchmark for what each area can expect to see referred to their Marac45. It can be seen that both North and South Worcestershire are significantly below the SafeLives level of 40 cases per 10,000 of the adult population. Figure 25 below shows the percentage of referrals to MARAC by agency and area for the first quarter of 2015-16.

45

SafeLives, West Mercia Maracs: Marac Data with recommendations for improving effectiveness of Marac processes and increasing consistency across the Force area, January 2016

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 25: Referrals to MARAC by Agency and Area, Quarter 1 2015-16 North Worcestershire 0%

10%

20%

South Worcestershire 30%

Police IDVA Children's Social Care Primary Care Services Secondary Care/Acute Trust Education Housing Mental Health Probation Voluntary Sector Substance Abuse Adult Social Care MASH Other

40%

50% 43%

60%

70%

58%

10% 9% 6% 7% 3% 9% 1% 2% 1% 0% 2% 5% 1% 0% 7% 9% 9% 8% 0% 3% 1% 3% 0% 1% 1% 1%

Source: SafeLives MARAC Reports

It can be seen that for both the North and South Worcestershire, the vast majority of referrals come from the police. It is worth noting that the percentage of referrals in South Worcestershire that come from Primary Care Services is 9% of all referrals in quarter 1 of 2015-16 compared to just 3% in North Worcestershire for the same period. This would need to be examined in more detail, and over a longer period of time, to establish whether there is any significance in this. Figure 48 in Appendix 14 shows the number of cases discussed at MARAC in Worcestershire by case type during the period 2008 to 2015. The number of cases discussed increased sharply from Q4 of 2014 to Q1 of 2015 and could be heading towards the peak levels experienced in Q3 of 2010. The number of repeat cases appears to follow the pattern of the number of cases discussed. Figure 49 in Appendix 14 shows the number of cases discussed by Worcestershire area. It can be seen that the number of cases discussed were consistently higher in North Worcestershire from Q1 of 2009 up to Q4 of 2012. Figures for Q4 of 2014 and Q1 of 2015 show each area experiencing similar levels of cases. Substance Misuse referrals are likely to be an underestimate due to the new service commencement on 1st April 2016 including a link to GP shared care and new referral pathways. This also applies to figure 27 below.

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Needs Assessment July 2016 In 2013 CAADA (Co-ordinated Action Against Domestic Abuse) produced analysis of outcome data for both the North and South Worcestershire MARACs for the 12 month period from April 2010 to March 2011. The reports contain comparison information with the national MARAC outcomes dataset which was collected in 2011-12. CAADA worked with 15 MARACs, including North and South Worcestershire, with each MARAC focusing on a meeting taking place between May 2010 and October 2010 and collected information on all of the cases being discussed at that meeting. This builds on the information that the both the North and South Worcestershire MARACs collect about the cases that are discussed at the MARAC which they submit to CAADA on a quarterly basis. The quarterly MARAC data has been collected for a number of years, has national coverage and is consistent. However, as the data is basic there are limitations, which include not being able to measure the impact of a MARAC referral for the victim. The MARAC outcomes research begins to address these limitations and test the hypothesis that the number of police incidents and the severity of incidents reduce in the year after MARAC. Table 27 in Appendix 14 shows a summary of the information collected for the North and South Worcestershire MARACs. Figure 26 below shows the number of police incidents in the 12 month period pre and post MARAC for North and South Worcestershire.

Figure 26: Number of Police Incidents before and after MARAC in North and South Worcestershire April 2010 to March 2011 Before

After

700 600 500 400 300 200

572 372

358

100 133 0 North Worcestershire

South Worcestershire

Source: CAADA Defining MARAC Outcomes 12 months data, North Worcestershire MARAC July 2013 and South Worcestershire MARAC September 2013

In summary;  In North Worcestershire; o There were 358 incidents in the 12 months before MARAC, reducing to 133 incidents in the 12 months after MARAC. This represents a reduction in the police incidents of 63%. o The average number of incidents per case was 2.9 in the 12 months before MARAC, reducing to 1.1 in the 12 months after MARAC.

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Needs Assessment July 2016 o



7 of the 123 (6%) victims did not have any police incidents in the 12 months before the MARAC or the 12 months after the MARAC.46 In South Worcestershire; o There were 572 incidents in the 12 months before MARAC, reducing to 372 incidents in the 12 months after MARAC. This represents a reduction in the police incidents of 35%. o The average number of incidents per case was 2.9 in the 12 months before MARAC, reducing to 1.9 in the 12 months after MARAC. o 10 of the 195 (5.1%) victims did not have any police incidents in the 12 months before the MARAC or the 12 months after the MARAC.47

CAADA also estimated the average police costs per victim in the 12 months before MARAC against the 12 months after. For North Worcestershire these estimated costs are;  £1,214 in the 12 months before MARAC reducing to £393 in the 12 months after MARAC. This represents an estimated reduction in police costs in North Worcestershire of 68%.48 For South Worcestershire these estimated costs are;  £1,255 in the 12 months before MARAC reducing to £652 in the 12 months after MARAC. This represents an estimated reduction in police costs of £602 and 50%.49

West Mercia Women's Aid (WMWA) Worcestershire Figure 27 below shows the percentage of referrals to WMWA Worcestershire by referral organisation for the period April 2015 to December 2015. Each referral represents an individual client. It can be seen that ‘self-referral’ accounted for the vast majority of referrals during this period, 630 (42.9%) out of a total of 1,470 referrals received by WMWA Worcestershire. There were 230 referrals from Children's Services during the same period.

46

CAADA, Defining MARAC Outcomes 12 months data, North Worcestershire MARAC, July 2013, www.caada.org.uk 47

CAADA, Defining MARAC Outcomes 12 months data, South Worcestershire MARAC, September 2013, www.caada.org.uk 48

CAADA, Defining MARAC Outcomes 12 months data, North Worcestershire MARAC, July 2013, www.caada.org.uk 49

CAADA, Defining MARAC Outcomes 12 months data, South Worcestershire MARAC, September 2013, www.caada.org.uk

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 27: WMWA Worcestershire Referrals by Organisation Apr-Dec 2015 %'age of Referrals WMWA CRUSH

0.0%

WMWA Community Support

0.6%

WMWA SC Cordinator (sign up sheet)

0.7%

WMWA Safeguarding

1.4%

WMWA Refuge

2.3%

WMWA IDVA

6.1%

Self Referral

42.9%

Relative/ Friend/Member of the Public

0.3%

Unknown Agency

0.1%

Police

5.3%

Other DV or SV Services

5.5%

Other

1.0%

Local Council/Authority

0.2%

Legal Services

0.2%

Housing

4.7%

Health Services

8.1%

Education & Employment D A Forum

0.7% 0.0%

Criminal Justice

0.7%

Children's Services

15.6%

Children's Centres

1.8%

Adult Services

1.7% 0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Source: West Mercia Women's Aid 2015-16 Monitoring Reports

Figure 28 below shows the number and percentage of referrals by activity referred to for the period April 2015 to December 2015. Again, each referral represents an individual client. Out of the total 1,470 referrals, the majority were to ‘group work (581, 39.5%)’, followed by ‘one to one support’ (410, 27.9%)

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 28: WMWA Worcestershire Referrals Activity Apr-Dec 2015 No. of referrals to 1-2-1 support No. of referrals for male victim No. of referrals to services, 12, 1% other community support services Stonham, 55, 4%

No. of referrals awaiting assessment for WOR DA services, 89, 6%

No. of referrals to 1-2-1 & group work (dual support) No. of referrals to group work No. of referrals to IDVA

No. of referrals to other refuges, 40, 3%

No. of referrals to Refuge No. of referrals to other refuges

No. of referrals to Refuge, 218, 15%

No. of referrals to IDVA, 48, 3%

No. of referrals to 1-2-1 support, 410, 28%

No. of referrals to group work, 581, 39%

No. of referrals to other community support services - Stonham No. of referrals for male victim services No. of referrals awaiting assessment for WOR DA services

No. of referrals to 1-2-1 & group work (dual support), 17, 1%

Source: West Mercia Women's Aid 2015-16 Monitoring Reports

Figure 29 below shows the percentage of WMWA Worcestershire service users by ethnic group during the period April 2015 to December 2015. It can be clearly seen that the vast majority of service users were from the ‘White-White British’ ethnic group during this period. This isn’t surprising given the ethnic make-up of Worcestershire is over 90% ‘White British’ (see table 20 in 2). It is also worth noting that the percentage of service users during this period that were from the ‘South Asian – Pakistani’ ethnic group at 2.1% is greater than the percentage of the Worcestershire population at just 0.9%.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 29: WMWA Worcestershire Service User Ethnic Group Apr-Dec 2015 %'age of Service Users White - White British

79.4%

White - Other White background

1.7%

White - Irish

0.3%

South East Asian - Any other South East Asian background

0.4%

South Asian - Pakistani

2.1%

South Asian - Indian

0.3%

South Asian - Bangladeshi

0.2%

South Asian - Any other South Asian background

1.1%

Other - Gypsy/Roma/Traveller community

0.5%

Other - Any other ethnic group

1.2%

Not disclosed

9.4%

Dual Heritage - White & Black Caribbean

0.5%

Dual Heritage - White & Asian

0.5%

Dual Heritage - Any other mixed background

1.3%

Black - Black Caribbean

0.1%

Black - Black African

0.7%

Black - Any other Black background

0.1% 0%

20%

Source: West Mercia Women's Aid 2015-16 Monitoring Reports

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40%

60%

80%

100%

Needs Assessment July 2016

WMWA Service Outcomes The WMWA Service identifies clients' needs across a number of key categories on entering the service, then assess as to whether these needs have been met on exit. Figure 50 in Appendix 15 shows the service outcomes for ‘safety’ from the WMWA 2015-16 quarter 2 report. It can be seen that most clients with an identified safety need are having their outcomes met by the service. There are slight shortfalls in the achievement of outcomes as regards;  Support to understand legal rights (98% met)  Support to understand and implement the justice system (80% met)  Improved sense of control and autonomy (99.7% met)  Access to strong and resilient support networks (99% met) Figure 51 in Appendix 15 shows the service outcomes for ‘health and well-being’ from the WMWA 2015-16 quarter 2 report. Again it can be seen that vast majority of clients with an identified health and well-being need are having their outcomes met by the service. There is only a slight shortfall in the achievement of outcomes as regards to increasing resilience and the ability to manage stress (99.6% met). Figure 52 in Appendix 15 shows the service outcomes for ‘stability and resilience’ from the WMWA 2015-16 quarter 2 report. It can be seen that although most clients with an identified stability and resilience need are having their outcomes met by the service, there are slight shortfalls in the achievement of outcomes across each of the areas;  Support to maintain independence in sustainable safe housing (95% met)  Increase confidence to access education, training and employment (92% met)  Help service user to set positive goals for the future (99.8% met)  Support to move forward in a positive planned way (99% met)  Help service user to maintain independence to remain in their own home (89% met)

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Stonham Worcestershire Figure 30 below shows the number and percentage of referrals to Stonham Worcestershire by activity referred to for the period April 2015 to December 2015. Each referral represents an individual client. It can be seen that almost half of the total 443 referrals during this period were to the ‘Freedom Programme’ (196, 44.2%).

Figure 30: Stonham Worcestershire Referral Numbers Apr-Dec 2015 Rejuvenate Referrals, 24, 5.4% Outreach (Men), 34, 7.7% Outreach (Women), 118, 26.6% Freedom Programme Referrals, 196, 44.2%

Outreach (Men) Outreach (Women)

Refuge / Safe House Referrals (men and women), 71, 16.0%

Refuge / Safe House Referrals (men and women) Freedom Programme Referrals Rejuvenate Referrals

Source: Stonham 2015-16 Monitoring Reports

Figure 31 below shows the percentage of referrals to Stonham Worcestershire by ethnic group to for the period April 2015 to December 2015. As with the WMWA, it can be clearly seen that the vast majority of service users were from the ‘White-White British’ ethnic group during this period. It is worth noting that the percentage of service users during this period that were from the ‘Other' ethnic group at 4.8% is far greater than the percentage of the Worcestershire population at just 0.1% and also includes a wide range of different ethnic groups, as shown in figure 31.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 31: Stonham Worcestershire Service User Ethnic Group Apr-Dec 2015 %'age of Service Users White - White British

83.3%

White - Other White background

1.2%

White - Irish

0.7%

South East Asian - Chinese

0.7%

South East Asian - Any other South East Asian… 0.5% South Asian - Pakistani

0.7%

South Asian - Indian

1.7%

South Asian - Bangladeshi

0.7%

Other - Gypsy/Roma/Traveller community

0.2%

Other - Any other ethnic group

4.8%

Not disclosed

1.0%

Dual Heritage - White & Black Caribbean

0.7%

Dual Heritage - White & Black African

0.2%

Dual Heritage - White & Asian

0.5%

Dual Heritage - Any other mixed background

0.7%

Black - Black Caribbean

1.7%

Black - Black African

0.5% 0%

Source: Stonham 2015-16 Monitoring Reports

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20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Needs Assessment July 2016

Stonham Service Outcomes Figure 53 in Appendix 16 shows service user responses to a number of questions before commencing on Stonham's 'Freedom Programme'. It can be seen that a majority of service users stated that they rarely 'felt relaxed' or 'felt interested in other people' before commencing the programme. It is also noticeable that before commencing the programme, service users did not score themselves very highly for feeling good about themselves, feeling good about other people, and feeling confident. Whereas figure 54 in Appendix 16 shows service user response after completing the 'Freedom Programme'. It can be clearly seen that there is improvement in the service user responses across the most areas. There is a noticeable improvement in the number of service users that feel good about themselves, feel good about other people, and feel confident. It should be noted that it is not clear from the data in figures 53 and 54 as to whether these are the same clients being assessed before commencing and after completing the 'Freedom Programme'. The total number of service users for certain responses across the 'before' and 'after' data do not appear to match. This information should therefore be used with caution.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Alternative Models of Service Provision Evidence Review of Police Response to Domestic Violence A multi-agency group, including representatives from Public Health, Police, Probation, Children’s Safeguarding, Sandwell Council Domestic violence team and Youth Offending team, University of Birmingham, and Sandwell Neighbourhood management, have produced a study of relevant evidence on policing interventions to respond to domestic violence that has implications for public health policy, practice, commissioning services and interventions50. The study group fixed the literature search and review to the Evidence-Based Policing Matrix and collectively agreed on a shared objective – to review the evidence that evaluates the effectiveness of policing interventions that are aimed at reducing repeat domestic violence incidents. The group reviewed recent statistical and performance information on domestic violence and found mixed results from interventions that fell into six categories: 1. Mandatory arrest 2. System-initiated warrants for suspects absent at the scene 3. Follow up home visit interventions 4. Domestic violence unit 5. Public education programme 6. Treatment programmes. The individual studies reviewed are referenced and detailed in an evidence summary table shown in Appendix 17. Of the above, those found to be more successful were; • Mandatory arrest • System-initiated warrants for suspects absent at the scene

Findings Interventions aimed at offenders produced mixed results, but mandatory arrest was associated with lower rates of reoffending compared to enforced separation and mediation. While the evidence on effectiveness of arrest as the intervention for offenders is inconsistent, the evidence suggests a positive association with pro-arrest policies. It may be the case that there is an association effect of arrest with certain demographics and characteristics of the suspect. For instance, the balance of evidence supports arrest as a deterrent for employed offenders. A joint law enforcement social services intervention suggested that experimental interventions that were designed in the hope of reducing family violence did not affect actual levels but did increase confidence in the police and made victims more willing to report violence when it occurred. In the local context, it was observed that arrest does work. An arrest is the beginning of the journey and what follows after is essential to a positive outcome for the victim in preventing further exposure to domestic violence. For arrest to be effective, other interventions for the victim and the offender should be included in the response to domestic violence. Overall, the study group identified the following key facts: • arrest is more effective in reducing subsequent violence than just advice, informal mediation and/or order to leave for eight hours only. 50

Stokes S et al, (2013), A summary of evidence using the Campbell Collaboration systematic review Evidenced based policing: Developing a response to domestic violence, National Institute for Health Research

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Needs Assessment July 2016 • • • • • • •

single arrest interventions of abusers may be an inadequate community response. the overall effect of arrest will most likely be different according to the subsequent actions of The Criminal Justice System after arrest. the balance of evidence supports arrest as a deterrent for employed offenders, not so effective for unemployed and may increase the likelihood of violence arrest plus police-initiated follow-up compared to arrest alone led to reductions in subsequent self-reported domestic violence increased reporting of real incidents is a public health benefit if it results in prompt police action or in research that identifies effective prevention procedures six months is not an adequate time period to assess rates of reoffending apply hotspot policing interventions to locations that generate multiple domestic violence calls.

Recommendations for practice For arrest to be effective other interventions for the victim and the offender should be applied as part of the domestic violence response. Offender schemes are being tested at sites in the UK and lessons learnt from these pilots could be incorporated into service provision pathways.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Police Interventions Several police forces are evaluating existing practices as well as alternative approaches to improve their service to the public. The College of Policing's "What Works Centre" and the National Police Chiefs Council help with this and publish information about effective approaches and guidance. Interventions include:  victim focussed approaches involving assessing the risk of re-victimisation or second responder programmes  offender focussed approaches such as the use of conditional cautions, the use of technology such as GPS tagging to monitor an offender's movement, or perpetrator programmes that focus on behaviour change to reduce re-offending  improved training for police officers so that they have a better understanding about the complex nature of abuse, and the nature and scale of domestic abuse in their local area51

51

Bunn; S, and Waterhouse, G (2015) Policing Domestic Abuse, Houses of Parliament POST Note, Number 515, December 2015 http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/POST-PN0515/POST-PN-0515.pdf

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendices Appendix 1: Key National Plans and Local Policies Key National Plans The Code of Practice for victims of Crime 2013. Department of Health – Public Outcomes Framework – Improving the wider determinates of health (Objective 1).

  

   

Outcome: Preventing people from dying prematurely Outcome: Helping people to recover from episodes of ill health or following injury Stronger emphasis on mental health and a measure relating to psychological therapies. Take account of recovery from common mental health problems (depression and anxiety) as well as more severe mental health illness. Improving access to psychological therapies. Proportion of people who recover from injuries and trauma – risk adjusted extent of recovery as well as survival. Outcome: Ensuring that people have a positive experience of care Family and friends test and more real-time feedback. For example A&E services. Improving people's experience of integrated care

Promoting People, Promoting Health (NHS) – A public Health approach to violence Prevention.

 

Domain 1: Improving the wider determinants of health (improvements against wider factors that affect health and wellbeing and health inequalities). Domain 2: Health improvement (people are helped to live healthy lifestyles, make healthy choices and reduce health inequalities).

Local priorities Domestic abuse features prominently in the following strategies/Business Plans:-

 

Worcestershire Future fit – Corporate plan 2013-17 – with a particular emphasis on Health and Wellbeing and Children and families. Worcestershire Local Safeguarding Children's Board 2014-17

Priority 1: Robust safeguarding practices – Outcome: fewer young people and children at risk. Priority 2: Evidenced partnership effectiveness – Outcome: public confidence that all children are safeguarded. Priority 3: Improvement through learning – Outcome: high quality performance. This will be by greater safeguarding awareness and good safeguarding information.



Worcestershire Safeguarding Adults Board

Work together to prevent and protect adults at risk from abuse



Worcestershire Children's and Young People's Plan 2011-14

Supporting families who are at risk of abuse in the home



Worcestershire Homeless Strategy 2013-15

Create strong partnerships to tackle homelessness. More than one third of the Homelessness Pathways Research participants were victims of domestic abuse.



West Mercia Police and Crime Commissioners Crime Plan 2013-17 Page | 74

Needs Assessment July 2016 Strategic Aims

 

to protect communities from harm to provide a strong and powerful voice for the people and victims of crime

OBJECTIVE 7 To work in partnership to protect the most vulnerable people in our society

  

Worcestershire Sexual Violence Strategy 2013-15 Worcestershire Domestic Violence Strategy 2013-15 Health and Well-being Board Strategy 2013-16

We will work through the Children’s Trust to provide Early Help for children and families and targeted support to troubled families.

 

Worcestershire Forced Marriage Protocol 2014 Worcestershire Stronger Families

From 2013, the local indicator also includes information on risk of domestic violence, drug and alcohol misuse and emotional and mental health problems.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 2: Population Trends and Needs Table 19 below provides population projections over the next 10-15 years for Worcestershire by age band. The current 15-44 population of Worcestershire is estimated to total 198,000 (99,100 males and 98,900 females). Over the next 10-15 years the population aged 15-44 is projected to decrease by 5%. However, the population of those aged 45 years and over is projected to increase by 13%.

Table 19: Population projections for Worcestershire 2014-2029 Change Change Change 2014-19(%) 2014-24(%) 2014-29(%) 15-19 32,400 29,400 31,500 32,500 -9% -3% 0% 20-24 32,000 28,600 26,200 28,400 -11% -18% -11% 25-29 31,400 34,200 31,400 29,200 9% 0% -7% 30-34 31,700 32,200 34,700 32,300 2% 9% 2% 35-39 31,400 33,100 33,700 36,100 5% 7% 15% 40-44 39,000 32,200 34,000 34,800 -17% -13% -11% aged 15-44 98,800 93,900 94,300 94,200 -5% -5% -5% 45-49 43,300 39,400 32,700 34,800 -9% -24% -20% 50-54 41,300 43,300 39,500 33,100 5% -4% -20% 55-59 36,800 41,200 43,200 39,500 12% 17% 7% 60-64 37,000 36,300 40,800 43,000 -2% 10% 16% 65-69 38,800 35,900 35,600 40,200 -7% -8% 4% 70-74 28,600 36,700 34,200 34,100 28% 20% 19% 75-79 22,300 25,900 33,600 31,500 16% 51% 41% 80-84 16,300 18,800 22,200 29,100 15% 36% 79% 85-89 10,200 12,000 14,400 17,400 18% 41% 71% 90+ 6,200 7,700 99,00 13,100 24% 60% 111% aged 45+ 280,700 297,100 306,200 315,800 6% 9% 13% All ages 572,400 583,300 594,800 604,800 2% 4% 6% Age band

2014

2019

2024

2029

Source: ONS

Ethnicity The table 20 below shows a comparison of the 2001 census ethnicity group figures with the 2011 census estimates. These indicate a significant change in the Other White group, which is the single biggest group apart from White British, and has seen the greatest increase since 2001. This reflects the enduring change in migration patterns, with noticeable inflows in the numbers of Eastern Europeans into the country continuing since EU Accession in 2004. The proportion of White British in Worcestershire has decreased since the 2001 census. Within Worcestershire, Redditch has the highest non-White proportion of residents of 8.1% whereas the lowest percentage is in Wychavon, where only 2.3% of people are from a nonWhite Ethnic Group. This compares with 12.6% non-white population in England as a whole. (PLEASE NOTE that some of the groups were re-categorised for the 2011 Census).

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Table 20: Ethnic Group estimates for Worcestershire 2011 census compared with 2001 Ethnic Group

Worcs 2001 Census estimate

White - British White - Irish White – Gypsy or Irish Traveller - NEW White - Other Mixed - White and Black Caribbean Mixed - White and Black African Mixed - White and Asian Mixed - Other Asian or Asian British - Indian Asian or Asian British Pakistani Asian or Asian British Bangladeshi Asian or Asian British – Chinese (Re-categorised) Asian or Asian British - Other Black or Black British - Black Caribbean Black or Black British - Black African Black or Black British - Other Other ethnic group – Arab NEW Other ethnic group (Re-categorised) Non-white groups All Ethnic Groups

% of Worcs Pop 2001

Worcs 2011 Census estimate

% of Worcs Pop 2011

Estimated change between 2001 and 2011 Worcs

% of England Pop 2011

517,700 4,200

95.5% 0.8%

522,922 3,480

92.4% 0.6%

+5,222 -720

79.8% 1.0%

n/a

n/a

1,165

0.2%

n/a

0.1%

6,900

1.3%

14,491

2.6%

+7,591

4.6%

1,700

0.3%

3,150

0.6%

+1,450

0.8%

200

0.0%

592

0.1%

+392

0.3%

1,100 800 1,600

0.2% 0.1% 0.3%

2,053 1,250 3,634

0.4% 0.2% 0.6%

+953 +450 +2,034

0.6% 0.5% 2.6%

2,900

0.5%

4,984

0.9%

+2,084

2.1%

1,000

0.2%

1,316

0.2%

+316

0.8%

1,100

0.2%

1,601

0.3%

+501

0.7%

500

0.1%

2,206

0.4%

+1,706

1.5%

1,200

0.2%

1,275

0.2%

+175

1.1%

300

0.1%

767

0.1%

+467

1.8%

100

0.0%

330

0.1%

+230

0.5%

n/a

n/a

236

0.0%

n/a

0.4%

800

0.1%

717

0.1%

-83

0.6%

9,500 542,100

1.7% 100%

18316 566,169

3.1% 100%

8,816 +24,069

12.6% 100%

Source: 2001 Census & 2011 census – please be aware of new categories and re-categorisation in the latest census figures so direct comparison from 2001 to 2011 for these groups is inadvisable.

Population Living in Deprivation Index of Multiple Deprivation The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 (IMD) is a measure of multiple deprivation at small area level namely LSOA (lower super output area – average population of 1,500). The IMD is made up of 38 indicators covering seven domains and the result is a single score for an LSOA which is then ranked (1 = most deprived area in England and 32,482 = least deprived), these can be then grouped into deciles and quintiles. There are 35 LSOA areas in Worcestershire which fall within the top 20% most deprived areas for the whole of England; 13 in Redditch, 11 in Worcester City, 10 in Wyre Forest, and 1 in Malvern Hills.

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Needs Assessment July 2016 Figure 32 below shows the percentage of the population in each deprivation quintile for England, Worcestershire, and the six Worcestershire districts. Figure 32: Percentage of Population in each National Deprivation Quintile

England

Most Deprived

More Deprived

Less Deprived

Least Deprived

20.3%

West Midlands Worcestershire Bromsgrove

28.7% 12.8%

7.1%

19.5%

Redditch

17.1% 10.7%

Wyre Forest

17.2% 0%

10%

19.8%

20.2%

23.1%

19.7%

18.3%

30.1% 46%

22.8%

44.2% 16.2%

14.7%

17.6%

30.1%

22.1% 24.0%

21.1%

17.3%

28.7%

18.3%

29.9%

19.0%

14.1% 24.0%

27.5%

24.9%

Worcester

20.0%

18.8%

10.0%

Malvern Hills 2.2% 8.7%

Wychavon

20.2%

Average Deprived

25.3%

29% 28.7%

20%

30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Percentage of Population Source: Association of Public Health Observatories, http://www.apho.org.uk

80%

9.7% 90%

100%

It can be seen from figure 32 that out of the six districts of Worcestershire, Redditch has the largest percentage of its population in the most deprived quintile at 24.9%. Not only is this significantly greater than the National average of 20.3%, but it is more than twice the figure for the whole of Worcestershire, at just 10.0%. It should be noted that 0% of the populations of both Bromsgrove and Wychavon live in the most deprived quintile. Using these percentages, along with population estimates, we can approximate the number of adults in each district that live in the two most deprived quintiles. This is shown in table 21 below. Table 21: Calculated Populations of Adults Living in the Two Most Deprived Quintiles by Worcestershire District Estimated Population ONS 2014 Mid-Year Living in the Two Most Population Worcestershire Deprived Quintiles Estimates Aged 16+ Percentage Number Bromsgrove Malvern Hills Redditch Worcester Wychavon Wyre Forest Worcestershire

78,796 63,752 67,869 82,178 99,686 82,055 474,336

7.10% 10.90% 41.10% 31.80% 10.70% 36.30% 22.80%

5,595 6,949 27,894 26,133 10,666 29,786 108,149

Source: Association of Public Health Observatories, http://www.apho.org.uk

Figure 33 below shows each LSOA in Worcestershire by rank in the IMD grouped into quintiles calculated on the whole of Worcestershire rather than England.

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Needs Assessment July 2016 Figure 33: Index of Multiple Deprivation Score by Lower Super Output Area 2010

Source: ONS. Quintile classification is based on quintiles calculated for the whole of Worcestershire.

When calculated on this basis, there are 72 LSOAs in the most deprived quintile for Worcestershire, which can be broken down into each district area as;      

21 in Redditch 21 in Wyre Forest 17 in Worcester 6 in Wychavon 4 in Malvern Hills 3 in Bromsgrove.

The wards of Church Hill (Redditch), Gorse Hill (Worcester), and Greenlands (Redditch) each have 4 LSOAs in the most deprived quintile. These areas have high rates of adult obesity when compared to the rest of Worcestershire. A number of wards have 3 LSOAs that are in the most deprived quintile, namely;      

Batchley (Redditch) Broadwaters (Wyre Forest) Cathedral (Worcester) Oldington and Foley Park (Wyre Forest) Rainbow Hill (Worcester) Warndon (Worcester)

There are strong links between deprivation and health inequalities and these areas, along with Winyates, have been identified as ‘health hotspots’ by Worcestershire Public Health. These are identifiable neighbourhoods that are among the most deprived in England, and which have rates of premature mortality significantly higher than the Worcestershire average. Page | 79

Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 3: Counting Rules for Recorded Crime Below are some extracts from the Counting Rules for recorded (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/counting-rules-for-recorded-crime) that considered relevant for some of the data included in this report.

crime are

2.1 All reports of incidents, whether from victims, witnesses or third parties and whether crime related or not, will, unless immediately recorded as a crime, result in the registration of an auditable incident report by the police. 2.2 An incident will be recorded as a crime (notifiable offence) for ‘victim related offences’ if, on the balance of probability: a) the circumstances of the victims report amount to a crime defined by law (the police will determine this, based on their knowledge of the law and counting rules); and b) there is no credible evidence to the contrary immediately available. 2.3 A belief by the victim, or person reasonably assumed to be acting on behalf of the victim, (explained further at 3.6 ii), that a crime has occurred is usually sufficient to justify its recording. 2.5 Once recorded, a crime will remain recorded unless additional verifiable information (AVI) is found and documented which determines that no notifiable crime has occurred or crimes are transferred or cancelled i.e. where crimes are created in error, or as a duplicate of an existing crime. 3.5 Victim Focused Recording: NCRS promotes a victim focused approach to crime recording. The intention is that victims are believed and able to benefit from their statutory entitlements under the Code of Practice for Victims of Crime (CPVC). This advice ensures consistency of victim focus: i. No Victim - No Crime: Where there are grounds to suspect that a ‘victim related’ crime i.e. a crime requiring victim confirmation may have taken place but no victim, (or person reasonably assumed to be acting on behalf of the victim), can immediately be found or identified, then subject to the exceptions identified at 3.6 (recording without victim confirmation), the matter must be recorded as a crime related incident until such time as the victim is located or comes forward to provide an account. ii. Unwilling Victims - Guidance: Where apparent criminal activity comes to the attention of the police, and the victim confirms that a crime has taken place, but declines to support an investigation or prosecution a crime must still be recorded. 3.6 Recording without Victim Confirmation: The concept of ‘no victim - no crime’ is a guiding principle for ‘victim related crimes’ to deliver a consistent victim focus. However, there are two occasions where recording without victim confirmation is required: i. Police Decide Recording is Appropriate/Necessary: If, having applied the principle outlined at 2.2 and 3.5 i, police believe there is clear evidence or significant grounds to show that a victim based crime has been committed, and that it is either necessary or appropriate to record that crime, a force must record even though the victim has declined to confirm or cannot be found. For example, there are occasions where individuals may fail to recognise that they are victims in relation to some crimes such as domestic abuse or fraud. This must not be used as a reason for failing to record an identified notifiable crime. There is no requirement to record a crime where an individual reports in the belief they are the victim, but specific counting rule guidance identifies that the actual victim (or loser) is another party e.g. a financial institution. However, appropriate advice should be given and referrals made to the initial caller to ensure the right service delivery. The reason for recording without victim confirmation must be explained within the crime record, and be the subject of appropriate supervisory review and FCR quality assurance oversight. ii. Parents, Carers and Professional ‘Third’ Party Reports: Crimes are often reported by individuals acting on behalf of victims. These may be referred to as ‘Third Party’ reports and commonly such reports include the following: Page | 80

Needs Assessment July 2016 a) Persons acting in a professional capacity e.g. doctors, nurses, social workers and teachers reporting crimes, (often of a safeguarding nature), on behalf of victims of any age. b) Parents or Carers acting as a guardian or responsible adult, (‘in loco parentis’), reporting crime in the best interests of and/or to ensure that a child or young person has appropriate access to police services. When such persons reports crimes, they should always be regarded as acting on behalf of a victim. Where there is no doubt as to their status and/or position or the veracity of their report, those reports must be recorded as crimes. Such recording must occur regardless of whether the victim has given their permission for the reporting individual to speak to the police and irrespective of whether the victim subsequently confirms that a crime has been committed. Other ‘Third Party’ reports from persons acting on behalf of victims should be treated on their individual merit and in line with guidance at paragraph 2.2 and 3.6 i within the Standard.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 4: National Crime Recording Standard - Crime Recording Flowchart A belief by the victim, or person reasonably assumed to be acting on behalf of the victim, that a ‘victim related’ crime has occurred is usually sufficient to justify its recording.

Figure 34: Crime Recording Flowchart

Source: Home Office Counting Rules for Recorded Crime, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/counting-rules-for-recorded-crime)

July

2013,

* Paragraph 3.6 provides guidance on recording a crime - even though a victim has declined to confirm or cannot be found.

Page | 82

Needs Assessment July 2016 ** Disputes over location should be resolved in accordance with the protocol (HOCR, General Rules, Annex A)

Page | 83

Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 5: National Incident Category List Table 22: National Incident Category List Transport: RTC – Death/Injury RTC – Damage Only

Road Related Offence Rail/Air/Marine Incident Elsewhere

Not

Recorded

Highway Disruption Anti-Social Behaviour: Personal Environmental Nuisance Public Safety and Welfare: Abandoned Call to Emergency Services Industrial Incident/Accident Absconder/AWOL/Wanted Persons/Police and Licensing Court Orders/Bail Alarm Missing Person Animals/Wildlife Natural Disaster Civil Disputes Protest/Demonstration Concern for Safety Sudden Death Domestic Incident Suspicious Circumstances/Insecure premises or vehicles Hoax Calls Suspicious Package or Object Immigration Administration: Cancel/Exit/Error Messages Complaints Against Police Police Generated Resource Activity Contact Record Pre-Planned Event Duplicate Test/Training Lost/Found Property/Person Qualifiers: Prejudice - Disability Alcohol Prejudice – Racial Drugs Prejudice - Religion or Belief Mental Health Prejudice - Sexual Orientation Olympics Prejudice - Transgender Youth Related Other nationally used qualifiers: Assistance to Other Public Agency Major Incident Call Made with Good Intent Other Intoxicants Cold Calling Other Police Force Dealing Critical Incident Other Public Agency Dealing Domestic Abuse Persistent Caller Firearms Vulnerable Adult Honour Based Incident Vulnerable Child / Young Person Lamping Weapons Source: Home Office National Standard for Incident Recording, 2011, Instructions for Police Forces in England and Wales, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-national-standard-for-incidentrecording-nsir-counting-rules

Page | 84

Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 6: Domestic Abuse by National Deprivation Deciles Figure 35: Rate of Domestic Abuse Crimes per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, 2014-15 2014-15

Rate per 1,000 pop 20

Worcs Average

18 16 14 12

3.3

3.1

2.7

2.0

2

4.6

4

6.4

8.5

11.5

6

14.2

8

17.3

10

7

8

9

10 (Least)

0 1 (Most)

2

3

4

5

6

National Income Decile Source: West Mercia Police 2014-15

Page | 85

Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 36: Rate of Domestic Abuse Incidents per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, 2014-15 2014-15

Rate per 1,000 pop 45

Worcs Average

40 35 30

4.9

3.6

6

5.4

5

6.2

5

8.8

14.1

10

11.4

26.0

15

21.4

20

39.0

25

7

8

9

10 (Least)

0 1 (Most)

2

3

4

Income Decile Source: West Mercia Police 2014-15

Figure 37: Rate of Domestic Abuse Victims per 1,000 population by National Income Deprivation Decile, 2014-15 2014-15

Rate per 1,000 pop 14

Worcs Average

12

10

2.5

2.4

2.1

1.6

3.3

2

4.9

6.3

4

8.4

10.1

6

12.6

8

7

8

9

10 (Least)

0 1 (Most)

2

3

4

5

6

Income Decile Source: West Mercia Police 2014-15

Page | 86

Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 7: Domestic Abuse Rates LSOA Matrix Table 23: Domestic Abuse Crime, Incident, Victim and Social Care Assessment Rates by LSOA per 1,000 population Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Bromsgrove

1.80

4.50

1.80

0.45

Alvechurch

Bromsgrove

1.36

0.68

1.36

0.68

Rowney Green & Beoley

Alvechurch

Bromsgrove

1.32

3.97

1.32

0.00

Withybed Green

Alvechurch

Bromsgrove

3.30

10.58

2.64

4.63

Eachway

Beacon

Bromsgrove

0.96

4.80

0.48

2.40

Catshill

Catshill

Bromsgrove

3.07

3.07

2.46

0.00

Part of Upper Catshill, Gibb Lane

Catshill

Bromsgrove

6.25

14.58

5.56

0.00

Upper Catshill

Catshill

Bromsgrove

6.43

9.29

5.71

10.00

Aston Fields

Charford

Bromsgrove

7.95

13.73

5.78

3.97

Charford

Charford

Bromsgrove

5.43

15.83

4.07

8.14

Charford Area, Austin Road

Charford

Bromsgrove

11.58

16.21

9.26

13.90

Drakes Cross

Drakes Cross and Walkers Heath

Bromsgrove

4.83

13.27

4.22

6.03

Headley Heath

Drakes Cross and Walkers Heath

Bromsgrove

3.98

3.41

1.71

1.14

Woodrush

Drakes Cross and Walkers Heath

Bromsgrove

2.45

1.22

1.22

1.22

Belbroughton

Furlongs

Bromsgrove

3.89

3.89

1.30

2.59

Clent & Bell End

Furlongs

Bromsgrove

1.46

5.10

1.46

0.00

West Hagley, Newfield Road

Furlongs

Bromsgrove

0.00

4.28

0.00

0.00

Hagley

Hagley

Bromsgrove

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

Haybridge High School Area

Hagley

Bromsgrove

0.00

3.62

0.00

1.21

West Hagley

Hagley

Bromsgrove

2.33

4.66

2.33

1.16

Cofton Hackett

Hillside

Bromsgrove

3.24

8.43

3.24

0.65

Lickey & Kendal End

Hillside

Bromsgrove

1.41

4.93

1.41

0.00

Sandhills

Hillside

Bromsgrove

0.56

2.23

0.56

0.00

East Hollywood

Hollywood and Majors Green

Bromsgrove

0.67

2.00

0.67

2.67

Major's Green

Hollywood and Majors Green

Bromsgrove

1.20

4.22

1.20

0.60

West Hollywood

Hollywood and Majors Green

Bromsgrove

5.83

9.17

5.83

4.17

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Hopwood

Alvechurch

Part of Alvechurch, Hinton Avenue

Page | 87

Needs Assessment July 2016 Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Bromsgrove

2.37

3.16

0.79

0.00

Linthurst

Bromsgrove

0.00

4.36

0.00

0.00

Marlbrook

Marlbrook

Bromsgrove

0.67

0.00

0.67

0.00

Part of Catshill, Barley Mow Lane

Marlbrook

Bromsgrove

6.76

16.52

2.25

7.51

Staple Hill

Marlbrook

Bromsgrove

0.73

2.18

0.73

0.00

Lickey End

Norton

Bromsgrove

1.12

3.37

1.12

0.00

Lowes Hill

Norton

Bromsgrove

2.73

3.41

2.73

0.00

Part of Sidemoor, Pennine Road

Norton

Bromsgrove

4.95

2.20

3.30

1.65

Meadows First School Area

Sidemoor

Bromsgrove

4.19

4.19

2.40

0.60

Part of Sidemoor, King George's Close

Sidemoor

Bromsgrove

8.74

18.02

7.10

13.11

Part of Sidemoor, Melbourne Road

Sidemoor

Bromsgrove

6.13

11.71

5.58

1.12

Aston Fields Middle School Area

Slideslow

Bromsgrove

1.05

4.19

1.05

0.00

Stoney Hill, Arundel Road Area

Slideslow

Bromsgrove

0.53

0.53

0.53

0.00

Stoney Hill, Valencia Road Area

Slideslow

Bromsgrove

0.62

1.86

0.62

0.62

Charford School Area

St Johns

Bromsgrove

0.68

4.08

0.00

0.00

North Bromsgrove High School Area

St Johns

Bromsgrove

9.11

24.47

6.26

3.98

St. John's Middle School Area

St Johns

Bromsgrove

9.79

15.46

7.21

2.06

Stoke Heath

Stoke Heath

Bromsgrove

2.96

2.53

2.53

0.00

Stoke Wharf

Stoke Prior

Bromsgrove

6.33

11.20

5.84

3.41

Lower Bentley & Cobley Hill

Tardebigge

Bromsgrove

4.72

1.57

3.14

0.00

Tardebigge Hall

Tardebigge

Bromsgrove

2.40

3.21

2.40

0.00

Frankley

Uffdown

Bromsgrove

8.75

13.12

6.12

3.50

Romsley

Uffdown

Bromsgrove

0.87

14.86

0.87

3.50

Waseley Hills High School Area

Waseley

Bromsgrove

0.70

11.22

0.70

1.40

Waseley Road, Rubery

Waseley

Bromsgrove

2.64

2.64

1.98

3.30

Windmill Avenue, Rubery

Waseley

Bromsgrove

3.98

11.95

3.32

2.66

Fox Lane

Whitford

Bromsgrove

13.72

19.34

8.11

8.11

Perryfields

Whitford

Bromsgrove

0.64

5.75

0.64

0.64

Whitford

Whitford

Bromsgrove

1.76

4.69

1.17

4.11

Dodford & Fairfield

Woodvale

Bromsgrove

0.92

3.69

0.00

0.46

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Barnt Green

Linthurst

Blackwell

Page | 88

Needs Assessment July 2016 Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Bromsgrove

1.56

0.78

1.56

0.78

Wythall South

Bromsgrove

3.17

1.58

2.38

0.79

Leigh Sinton

Alfrick and Leigh

Malvern Hills

2.72

7.06

1.63

0.00

Suckley Hills & Lulsley

Alfrick and Leigh

Malvern Hills

3.59

5.38

2.99

4.18

Noutard's Green

Baldwin

Malvern Hills

1.42

1.89

0.95

0.00

Broadheath

Broadheath

Malvern Hills

3.65

2.92

3.65

1.46

Broadwas & Crown East

Broadheath

Malvern Hills

2.45

12.76

1.96

4.91

Barnard's Green

Chase

Malvern Hills

2.06

1.37

2.06

1.37

Longridge Road

Chase

Malvern Hills

2.63

2.63

1.97

0.00

Pool Brook Road

Chase

Malvern Hills

8.07

17.88

6.92

5.77

The Paddocks

Chase

Malvern Hills

0.71

3.56

0.71

7.12

Halfkey

Dyson Perrins

Malvern Hills

3.72

7.02

2.89

4.96

Upper Howsell

Dyson Perrins

Malvern Hills

4.06

7.11

3.56

2.54

Sinton & Hallow

Hallow

Malvern Hills

2.18

5.46

1.64

0.55

Kempsey

Kempsey

Malvern Hills

2.50

3.75

2.50

2.50

Napleton, Kinnersley & Croome

Kempsey

Malvern Hills

1.79

3.13

1.79

1.34

Lindridge

Lindridge

Malvern Hills

2.24

7.60

1.79

0.89

Albert Park Road

Link

Malvern Hills

4.02

7.38

3.35

1.34

Lower Howsell

Link

Malvern Hills

13.00

22.38

11.55

6.50

St. Matthias

Link

Malvern Hills

4.80

12.59

3.60

4.80

Victoria Park & Spring Lane

Link

Malvern Hills

6.65

15.71

5.44

1.21

Longdon

Longdon

Malvern Hills

2.37

2.84

1.89

0.47

Martley & Wichenford

Martley

Malvern Hills

2.32

3.48

2.32

0.00

Castlemorton

Morton

Malvern Hills

1.45

2.42

0.97

0.48

Charles Way

Pickersleigh

Malvern Hills

10.14

33.59

5.70

10.77

Great Malvern Cemetery

Pickersleigh

Malvern Hills

11.93

15.24

6.63

0.66

Orford Way

Pickersleigh

Malvern Hills

16.14

24.78

12.10

6.92

Sherrard's Green

Pickersleigh

Malvern Hills

11.47

35.61

9.66

13.88

Callow End & Powick

Powick

Malvern Hills

7.49

4.99

5.82

0.83

Collett's Green

Powick

Malvern Hills

3.37

6.07

3.37

0.00

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Wythall

Wythall South

Wythall Green

Page | 89

Needs Assessment July 2016 Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Malvern Hills

1.81

2.71

1.81

1.81

Priory

Malvern Hills

2.68

5.37

2.68

0.00

Holly Mount Wood

Priory

Malvern Hills

6.10

10.84

3.39

0.68

Priory Park

Priory

Malvern Hills

2.70

5.39

2.02

0.67

Ryall

Ripple

Malvern Hills

2.82

3.95

2.26

1.13

The Teme Valley

Teme Valley

Malvern Hills

1.55

2.07

1.55

2.58

Rochford

Tenbury

Malvern Hills

0.60

3.62

0.60

0.60

Tenbury Wells

Tenbury

Malvern Hills

6.01

2.77

5.55

3.23

Hanley Swan

Upton and Hanley

Malvern Hills

2.52

5.04

1.26

0.00

Tunnel Hill

Upton and Hanley

Malvern Hills

5.81

9.04

5.81

0.65

Upton upon Severn

Upton and Hanley

Malvern Hills

3.57

9.82

2.68

1.79

Malvern Wells

Wells

Malvern Hills

1.86

6.20

1.86

0.00

The Wyche

Wells

Malvern Hills

1.81

3.63

1.21

0.60

Cowleigh Park

West

Malvern Hills

7.85

8.57

7.85

5.00

North Malvern Quarry

West

Malvern Hills

4.07

6.78

1.36

0.68

West Malvern

West

Malvern Hills

2.88

3.60

0.72

0.00

Great Witley & Abberley

Woodbury

Malvern Hills

1.41

2.81

0.94

0.47

Abbeydale

Abbey

Redditch

15.68

22.65

11.32

13.07

Paper Mill Hill

Abbey

Redditch

0.97

8.76

0.97

0.97

Riverside

Abbey

Redditch

6.98

15.81

5.12

0.93

Trinity High School Area

Abbey

Redditch

18.44

29.61

12.85

3.35

Astwood Bank

Astwood Bank and Feckenham

Redditch

2.98

2.98

1.79

1.79

Dagtail End

Astwood Bank and Feckenham

Redditch

1.32

1.97

1.32

0.66

Feckenham

Astwood Bank and Feckenham

Redditch

3.63

2.90

2.90

0.00

Hunt End

Astwood Bank and Feckenham

Redditch

2.08

10.40

2.08

4.85

Batchley

Batchley

Redditch

12.49

23.80

8.33

12.49

Batchley Brook

Batchley

Redditch

9.83

20.74

8.73

8.19

Foxlydiate Wood

Batchley

Redditch

10.82

15.14

4.33

12.98

Part of Enfield, Carthorse Lane

Batchley

Redditch

3.21

11.24

2.25

4.18

Mayfields Park

Central

Redditch

13.79

26.48

11.03

2.76

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Deblin's Green & Madresfield

Powick

Cockshot Road

Page | 90

Needs Assessment July 2016

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Pitcher Oak Wood

Central

Redditch

2.96

10.35

2.96

2.96

Smallwood

Central

Redditch

14.58

26.46

10.80

9.18

Southcrest Wood

Central

Redditch

5.32

8.64

2.66

1.33

Bomford Hill Park

Church Hill

Redditch

3.15

12.59

2.36

9.44

Church Hill (YMCA Surrounding Area)

Church Hill

Redditch

17.74

21.29

12.07

2.84

Church Hill Area, Marlfield Lane

Church Hill

Redditch

5.98

11.97

5.24

1.50

Home Meadow Lane

Church Hill

Redditch

1.35

7.44

1.35

0.68

Moon's Moat

Church Hill

Redditch

19.05

36.63

13.92

6.59

Moon's Moat First School Area

Church Hill

Redditch

13.72

29.06

10.49

5.65

Crabb's Cross Area, Boulton's Lane

Crabbs Cross

Redditch

0.73

2.18

0.73

0.00

Harry Taylor First School Area

Crabbs Cross

Redditch

8.28

10.35

4.83

2.76

Part of Walkwood, Yvonne Road

Crabbs Cross

Redditch

8.82

3.78

6.30

0.63

Walkwood

Crabbs Cross

Redditch

2.85

0.71

2.14

0.00

Green Lane

Greenlands

Redditch

5.45

8.57

3.89

0.00

Greenlands

Greenlands

Redditch

10.47

16.02

5.55

6.78

Part of Greenlands, Oakenshaw Road

Greenlands

Redditch

2.86

9.28

2.86

5.00

St. Thomas More First School Area

Greenlands

Redditch

18.01

36.01

8.31

33.93

Throckmorton Road Woodrow (Area between Woodrow North & Woodrow South Roads) Headless Cross Reservoir

Greenlands

Redditch

13.11

24.58

9.28

11.47

Greenlands

Redditch

17.16

44.32

12.15

18.58

Headless Cross and Oakenshaw

Redditch

2.08

12.49

0.69

1.39

Oakenshaw

Headless Cross and Oakenshaw

Redditch

6.67

9.33

4.67

2.67

Part of Headless Cross, Feckenham Road

Headless Cross and Oakenshaw

Redditch

5.95

9.25

4.63

0.66

Part of Headless Cross, High Trees Close

Headless Cross and Oakenshaw

Redditch

9.23

18.47

7.10

12.78

Part of Headless Cross, Swinburne Road

Headless Cross and Oakenshaw

Redditch

4.34

4.34

3.62

0.00

Wirehill Wood

Headless Cross and Oakenshaw

Redditch

2.04

2.72

2.04

0.00

Lakeside

Lodge Park

Redditch

5.48

8.77

4.38

0.55

Lodge Park

Lodge Park

Redditch

2.82

11.29

2.82

5.08

St. George's

Lodge Park

Redditch

18.17

24.70

12.12

5.59

Ipsley

Matchborough

Redditch

3.69

6.15

3.08

0.00

Page | 91

Needs Assessment July 2016

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Matchborough Area, Milhill Road

Matchborough

Redditch

3.35

2.51

2.51

0.00

Matchborough First School Area

Matchborough

Redditch

6.99

16.31

6.41

2.91

Washford

Matchborough

Redditch

8.01

10.48

5.55

2.47

Brotherton Avenue

West

Redditch

1.48

3.71

1.48

0.00

Part of Webheath, Crumpfields Lane

West

Redditch

2.34

10.93

2.34

0.00

Webheath

West

Redditch

4.91

8.59

2.46

0.00

Windmill Drive

West

Redditch

1.64

5.75

1.64

0.00

Arrow Valley Park

Winyates

Redditch

2.35

3.91

0.78

2.35

Ipsley Alders Marsh

Winyates

Redditch

1.48

2.21

1.48

0.74

Part of Winyates, Ten Acres

Winyates

Redditch

2.29

12.20

1.53

3.05

Whitehouse Lane

Winyates

Redditch

3.61

15.15

3.61

3.61

Winyates Green Winyates housing estate (area around Ipsley C.E. Middle School) Flag Meadow Walk

Winyates

Redditch

6.93

6.24

6.24

1.39

Winyates

Redditch

17.16

34.31

13.48

2.45

Arboretum

Worcester

4.41

18.37

2.94

0.00

Mayfield Avenue

Arboretum

Worcester

4.61

3.84

3.84

3.84

The Arboretum

Arboretum

Worcester

10.31

13.57

7.60

4.89

Waterworks Road

Arboretum

Worcester

4.84

12.71

3.63

2.42

Cherry Orchard Primary School Area

Battenhall

Worcester

10.95

10.95

8.65

3.46

Red Hill

Battenhall

Worcester

2.52

9.06

2.01

4.03

St. Wulstan's Crescent

Battenhall

Worcester

1.71

3.42

1.14

2.28

Bransford Road

Bedwardine

Worcester

5.46

7.64

3.82

1.64

Christopher Whitehead's

Bedwardine

Worcester

6.33

11.40

5.70

2.53

Lower Wick

Bedwardine

Worcester

1.97

2.63

1.31

0.00

Part of Malvern Road, Hanbury Park Road

Bedwardine

Worcester

0.68

5.47

0.68

0.68

Part of St. John's, Pitmaston Road

Bedwardine

Worcester

1.81

7.24

1.21

0.60

Cathedral Area

Cathedral

Worcester

24.98

39.81

14.83

10.15

Cherry Orchard

Cathedral

Worcester

9.08

19.99

6.54

9.45

Lowesmoor

Cathedral

Worcester

38.67

59.85

29.47

14.73

Part of Wyld's Lane, Stanley Road

Cathedral

Worcester

5.42

10.84

3.61

1.20

Page | 92

Needs Assessment July 2016

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Pitchcroft & Britannia Square

Cathedral

Worcester

13.51

26.13

8.11

7.21

Victoria Avenue

Cathedral

Worcester

9.86

16.90

8.45

0.70

Worcester Bus Station Area

Cathedral

Worcester

35.20

60.00

28.00

0.00

Checkett's Lane

Claines

Worcester

2.54

4.45

1.27

0.00

Grange Avenue

Claines

Worcester

1.68

3.36

1.12

0.00

Northwick

Claines

Worcester

1.26

1.26

1.26

0.63

Northwick Avenue

Claines

Worcester

2.97

8.33

1.19

3.57

Perdiswell & Claines

Claines

Worcester

0.00

3.71

0.00

0.62

Elbury Park Old Warndon (Grasmere Drive/Borrowdale Drive Area) South-West Gorse Hill

Gorse Hill

Worcester

4.26

11.37

3.55

2.84

Gorse Hill

Worcester

19.45

28.36

14.59

12.16

Gorse Hill

Worcester

22.89

41.83

13.42

15.79

Warndon, Windermere Drive

Gorse Hill

Worcester

13.68

39.67

8.21

9.58

Nunnery Wood

Nunnery

Worcester

8.06

12.41

6.82

3.72

Perry Wood Primary School Area

Nunnery

Worcester

11.01

14.90

8.42

3.24

Ronkswood (Canterbury Road Area)

Nunnery

Worcester

15.44

39.71

10.48

15.44

Sherriff Street

Nunnery

Worcester

12.55

17.93

7.17

2.99

Spetchley Road

Nunnery

Worcester

0.00

7.79

0.00

0.65

Brickfields Area, Cedar Avenue

Rainbow Hill

Worcester

7.95

16.56

5.96

6.62

King George's Field Area, Tolladine

Rainbow Hill

Worcester

17.66

28.78

14.39

12.43

Rainbow Hill

Rainbow Hill

Worcester

6.35

6.35

4.45

3.81

Tolladine

Rainbow Hill

Worcester

12.72

33.66

10.47

15.71

Himbleton Road

St Clement

Worcester

4.68

4.68

2.67

0.67

Monarch Drive

St Clement

Worcester

0.85

3.40

0.85

0.00

St. John's Area, Comer Gardens

St Clement

Worcester

2.72

10.87

1.81

0.91

University College Campus

St Clement

Worcester

5.89

6.38

3.93

0.49

Dines Green Our Lady Queen of Peace Area & Cripplegate Park St. John's Area, Comer Road

St John

Worcester

3.89

25.31

1.95

20.77

St John

Worcester

5.35

12.85

4.28

0.54

St John

Worcester

2.31

5.20

2.31

1.73

St. John's Area, Penhill Crescent

St John

Worcester

4.19

8.38

2.39

1.20

Page | 93

Needs Assessment July 2016 Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Worcester

6.45

15.84

2.35

8.80

St Peter's Parish

Worcester

0.70

6.98

0.70

0.00

St. Peter's Area, Primrose Crescent

St Peter's Parish

Worcester

3.96

5.27

1.98

1.32

St. Peter's Area, Sheringham Road

St Peter's Parish

Worcester

2.87

2.87

2.87

0.00

St. Peter's Area, Tiree Avenue

St Peter's Parish

Worcester

4.93

6.78

3.70

0.00

Astwood

St Stephen

Worcester

1.37

8.93

2.06

6.19

Barbourne

St Stephen

Worcester

5.66

11.32

3.77

1.26

Bilford Road

St Stephen

Worcester

1.50

7.01

1.00

1.50

Blackpole

Warndon

Worcester

7.36

8.99

5.72

2.45

Brickfields

Warndon

Worcester

17.93

31.87

11.95

17.43

Cranham Primary School Area

Warndon

Worcester

12.08

29.85

9.24

8.53

Old Warndon, east of Cranham Drive

Warndon

Worcester

16.91

70.05

14.49

24.15

M5 Junction 6, Parsonage Way

Warndon Parish North

Worcester

0.62

1.25

0.62

0.62

Tolladine Wood

Warndon Parish North

Worcester

2.99

7.69

2.56

2.56

Warndon Business Park

Warndon Parish North

Worcester

3.18

7.63

2.54

1.91

Lyppard Grange

Warndon Parish South

Worcester

1.92

15.40

0.48

0.96

Swinesherd, Nunnery Way

Warndon Parish South

Worcester

1.79

6.56

1.19

0.60

Tolladine Golf Course Area

Warndon Parish South

Worcester

3.65

6.26

2.61

0.52

Aldington

Badsey

Wychavon

1.99

6.62

1.99

1.32

Badsey

Badsey

Wychavon

2.19

6.56

0.73

2.92

Bengeworth

Bengeworth

Wychavon

4.68

7.61

3.51

1.76

Green Gables

Bengeworth

Wychavon

8.02

9.25

6.17

6.79

Part of Abbey Park, Bridge Street

Bengeworth

Wychavon

16.16

17.81

12.84

2.07

Crowle & Tibberton

Bowbrook

Wychavon

2.23

2.23

2.23

0.74

Himbleton & Oddingley

Bowbrook

Wychavon

2.66

3.99

2.66

1.33

Bredon

Bredon

Wychavon

0.78

0.78

0.78

1.55

Bredon's Hardwick

Bredon

Wychavon

2.38

0.79

2.38

0.79

Bretforton

Bretforton and Offenham

Wychavon

12.09

6.51

4.65

2.79

Offenham

Bretforton and Offenham

Wychavon

0.67

3.99

0.67

0.00

Broadway

Broadway and Wickhamford

Wychavon

8.68

4.96

6.82

3.72

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Tudor Way

St John

St. Peter's Area, Lobelia Close

Page | 94

Needs Assessment July 2016 Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Wychavon

0.00

1.29

0.00

0.00

Broadway and Wickhamford

Wychavon

1.34

2.01

1.34

0.67

Wychbold

Dodderhill

Wychavon

4.80

11.59

3.20

2.80

Drakes Broughton

Drakes Broughton

Wychavon

0.00

0.88

0.00

0.00

Stoulton & Wadborough

Drakes Broughton

Wychavon

2.34

7.03

2.34

0.78

Newtown, Albert Street

Droitwich Central

Wychavon

12.62

16.13

7.71

5.61

Newtown, Westacre Middle School Area

Droitwich Central

Wychavon

3.41

7.67

1.71

0.00

Hill End, Mayflower Road

Droitwich East

Wychavon

4.14

8.79

4.14

1.03

Netherwich

Droitwich East

Wychavon

10.35

16.35

5.99

1.09

Primsland Area, Dovecote Road

Droitwich East

Wychavon

2.90

3.48

2.90

1.16

Falsam Pitts

Droitwich South East

Wychavon

2.96

2.96

2.96

1.18

Primsland Area, Spring Meadow

Droitwich South East

Wychavon

1.30

1.95

0.65

0.65

Primsland Area, York Avenue

Droitwich South East

Wychavon

2.03

6.10

2.03

3.05

Chawson

Droitwich South West

Wychavon

7.36

19.81

4.53

13.02

Copcut & Witton

Droitwich South West

Wychavon

3.04

5.47

2.43

1.22

Witton School Area & Worcester Road

Droitwich South West

Wychavon

1.29

2.57

0.64

0.00

Berry Hill

Droitwich West

Wychavon

13.18

29.50

9.42

9.42

Briar Hill

Droitwich West

Wychavon

12.60

12.60

11.81

10.24

Chawson Valley

Droitwich West

Wychavon

5.21

8.93

5.21

6.70

Westlands Besford, Upper Strensham and the east part of Eckington Birlingham

Droitwich West

Wychavon

7.19

25.58

4.00

2.40

Eckington

Wychavon

0.70

2.82

0.70

1.41

Eckington

Wychavon

0.76

1.52

0.76

0.00

Elmley Castle

Elmley Castle and Somerville

Wychavon

5.10

9.35

4.25

0.00

Sedgeberrow

Elmley Castle and Somerville

Wychavon

3.78

1.51

2.27

0.00

Bewdley Road

Evesham North

Wychavon

16.47

36.77

10.43

10.43

Greenhill

Evesham North

Wychavon

4.00

8.01

4.67

3.34

Swan Lane First School Area

Evesham North

Wychavon

6.47

24.10

4.70

5.88

Durcott Road

Evesham South

Wychavon

3.16

5.06

3.16

1.26

Four Pools

Evesham South

Wychavon

7.35

14.17

4.72

4.20

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Fish Hill

Broadway and Wickhamford

Wickhamford & Childswickham

Page | 95

Needs Assessment July 2016 Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Wychavon

8.09

4.85

6.47

2.70

Fladbury

Wychavon

3.17

2.38

3.17

0.00

Wick & Fladbury Cross

Fladbury

Wychavon

3.42

2.74

3.42

0.68

Evendene Road

Great Hampton

Wychavon

2.40

6.41

1.60

3.21

Peewit Road

Great Hampton

Wychavon

6.06

6.06

4.71

4.04

Hartlebury & Torton

Hartlebury

Wychavon

5.21

3.72

5.21

2.98

Norchard & Crossway Green

Hartlebury

Wychavon

2.26

5.26

1.50

0.00

Harvington

Harvington and Norton

Wychavon

0.75

4.48

0.75

5.23

Lenchwick & Norton Area

Harvington and Norton

Wychavon

5.98

11.97

2.99

0.75

Honeybourne

Honeybourne and Pebworth

Wychavon

3.66

7.32

2.74

0.91

Pebworth

Honeybourne and Pebworth

Wychavon

2.18

7.28

1.46

0.00

Hanbury

Inkberrow

Wychavon

3.21

2.40

1.60

0.80

Holberrow Green

Inkberrow

Wychavon

3.29

2.63

2.63

0.00

Inkberrow

Inkberrow

Wychavon

1.93

1.29

1.93

2.58

The Lenches

Inkberrow

Wychavon

5.12

1.71

4.27

0.00

Charity Crescent

Little Hampton

Wychavon

5.65

7.91

5.09

1.13

Fairfield

Little Hampton

Wychavon

10.32

14.91

8.03

5.16

Four Pools Area, Thistledown

Little Hampton

Wychavon

1.74

2.91

0.58

0.00

Bevere

Lovett and North Claines

Wychavon

2.27

5.12

2.27

0.57

Cutnall Green & Elmley Lovett

Lovett and North Claines

Wychavon

1.34

6.01

1.34

0.00

Fernhill Heath & Martin Hussingtree

Lovett and North Claines

Wychavon

2.67

5.79

2.67

0.45

Crookbarrow Road

Norton and Whittington

Wychavon

4.86

7.90

4.25

5.47

M5 Junction 7, Whittington Tump

Norton and Whittington

Wychavon

3.57

7.14

3.57

3.57

Ombersley

Ombersley

Wychavon

1.27

3.38

1.27

2.11

Abbey Park

Pershore

Wychavon

14.93

18.48

10.66

5.69

Mount Pleasant

Pershore

Wychavon

0.74

3.69

0.00

0.00

Pensham

Pershore

Wychavon

2.15

5.01

2.15

1.43

Tyddesley Wood

Pershore

Wychavon

4.47

10.21

3.19

1.28

Wyre Wood

Pershore

Wychavon

4.44

7.60

3.80

3.17

Bishampton & Lower Moor

Pinvin

Wychavon

7.24

10.86

6.52

2.17

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Leelands

Evesham South

Charlton

Page | 96

Needs Assessment July 2016 Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Wychavon

2.48

6.19

2.48

3.72

South Bredon Hill

Wychavon

0.92

2.76

0.00

2.76

Kemerton & Overbury

South Bredon Hill

Wychavon

2.43

1.62

2.43

0.00

Cleeve Prior

The Littletons

Wychavon

2.78

8.34

2.09

2.78

South Littleton

The Littletons

Wychavon

0.00

3.02

0.00

2.42

Flyford Flavell & Naunton Beauchamp

Upton Snodsbury

Wychavon

4.30

4.30

3.44

0.00

Upton Snodsbury & Peopleton

Upton Snodsbury

Wychavon

1.37

5.46

0.68

0.68

Aggborough

Aggborough and Spennells

Wyre Forest

8.38

9.15

6.86

0.76

Spennells Area, Captain's Pool Road

Aggborough and Spennells

Wyre Forest

1.64

9.00

0.82

0.00

Spennells Area, Chaffinch Drive

Aggborough and Spennells

Wyre Forest

10.27

12.64

7.11

5.53

Spennells Area, Heronswood Road

Aggborough and Spennells

Wyre Forest

0.00

3.84

0.00

0.00

Spennells First School Area

Aggborough and Spennells

Wyre Forest

12.14

13.49

10.11

9.44

Astley Cross

Areley Kings

Wyre Forest

4.18

11.13

2.78

2.09

Part of Areley Kings, Pearl Lane

Areley Kings

Wyre Forest

4.14

3.45

3.45

4.83

The Round House

Areley Kings

Wyre Forest

11.69

9.09

9.74

4.55

The Walshes

Areley Kings

Wyre Forest

24.36

38.27

14.61

18.79

Hales Park

Bewdley and Arley

Wyre Forest

1.94

9.71

0.65

11.00

Long Bank & Ribbesford

Bewdley and Arley

Wyre Forest

5.09

5.09

3.18

0.64

The Lakes

Bewdley and Arley

Wyre Forest

1.98

4.62

1.98

0.00

Upper Arley

Bewdley and Arley

Wyre Forest

1.18

5.30

1.18

1.18

Blakedown

Blakedown and Chaddesley

Wyre Forest

4.51

6.01

3.01

0.75

Chaddesley Corbett

Blakedown and Chaddesley

Wyre Forest

4.14

3.45

3.45

2.07

Churchill & Stone

Blakedown and Chaddesley

Wyre Forest

1.44

11.55

1.44

0.00

Broadwaters

Broadwaters

Wyre Forest

1.98

4.62

1.32

4.62

Greenhill Area

Broadwaters

Wyre Forest

5.81

1.29

3.87

2.58

Horsefair Area

Broadwaters

Wyre Forest

39.46

62.89

29.59

31.44

Part of Broadwaters, Upton Road

Broadwaters

Wyre Forest

9.37

20.40

7.17

19.85

Sladen

Broadwaters

Wyre Forest

14.75

25.02

12.83

16.68

Cookley

Cookley

Wyre Forest

7.79

6.06

6.93

5.19

Part of Cookley & Caunsall

Cookley

Wyre Forest

3.54

2.83

2.83

0.00

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Pinvin & Throckmorton

Pinvin

Ashton under Hill

Page | 97

Needs Assessment July 2016

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Crossley

Franche

Wyre Forest

12.03

15.24

10.43

3.21

Franche

Franche

Wyre Forest

6.54

11.78

4.58

6.54

Low Habberley

Franche

Wyre Forest

2.51

3.34

1.67

0.00

Part of Franche, Puxton Drive

Franche

Wyre Forest

9.53

12.71

5.72

1.27

Part of Franche, Wolverley Road

Franche

Wyre Forest

5.25

4.50

3.75

0.75

Greenhill Area, Chester Road North

Greenhill

Wyre Forest

3.39

6.09

2.71

0.68

Holy Trinity

Greenhill

Wyre Forest

8.18

15.68

4.09

1.36

Hurcott Kidderminster Town Centre/ Comberton Hill/Aggborough Area Lea Street

Greenhill

Wyre Forest

4.87

3.25

2.44

0.00

Greenhill

Wyre Forest

22.58

33.00

19.54

8.25

Greenhill

Wyre Forest

10.38

14.28

7.14

8.44

Baxter

Habberley and Blakebrook

Wyre Forest

3.12

5.62

2.50

2.50

Blakebrook

Habberley and Blakebrook

Wyre Forest

4.17

10.13

2.38

5.36

Habberley

Habberley and Blakebrook

Wyre Forest

4.14

12.43

3.55

6.51

Summerhill

Habberley and Blakebrook

Wyre Forest

0.65

4.58

0.65

0.00

Burlish Park

Lickhill

Wyre Forest

2.92

3.65

1.46

2.19

Burlish Park (East)

Lickhill

Wyre Forest

4.08

7.48

3.40

2.72

Lickhill

Lickhill

Wyre Forest

3.00

13.49

2.25

2.25

Manor Road

Lickhill

Wyre Forest

8.26

14.88

9.09

14.05

Mount Pleasant, Kidderminster

Lickhill

Wyre Forest

2.65

4.64

1.33

0.00

Mitton Chapel Bridge

Mitton

Wyre Forest

5.15

14.32

2.86

0.57

Stagborough Way, Stourport

Mitton

Wyre Forest

2.47

3.70

1.85

1.23

Stourport High Street

Mitton

Wyre Forest

8.71

20.80

6.29

3.39

Wilden

Mitton

Wyre Forest

4.90

8.46

4.01

3.12

Comberton

Offmore and Comberton

Wyre Forest

2.11

4.22

2.11

0.70

Gorst Hall

Offmore and Comberton

Wyre Forest

4.35

2.61

3.48

1.74

Offmore Farm

Offmore and Comberton

Wyre Forest

1.76

7.04

1.76

2.64

Part of Comberton, Coronation Way

Offmore and Comberton

Wyre Forest

12.79

22.21

11.44

8.08

Part of Offmore, Tennyson Way

Offmore and Comberton

Wyre Forest

11.90

21.16

8.60

9.92

Birchen Coppice

Oldington and Foley Park

Wyre Forest

9.05

18.67

6.22

11.31

Page | 98

Needs Assessment July 2016 Crime Rate

Incident Rate

Victim Rate

Social Care Assessment with DA Rate

Wyre Forest

6.70

10.05

4.47

4.47

Oldington and Foley Park

Wyre Forest

26.05

53.97

19.85

37.84

Rock

Wyre Forest

3.20

6.40

2.40

2.40

Rock

Wyre Forest

6.60

5.78

6.60

3.30

Sutton Park

Wyre Forest

6.61

12.62

5.41

4.81

Greatfield Road

Sutton Park

Wyre Forest

5.08

5.08

3.63

0.00

Park Lane & Park Street

Sutton Park

Wyre Forest

18.50

25.43

12.14

7.51

Part of Sutton Farm, Whitehill Road

Sutton Park

Wyre Forest

2.53

3.38

2.53

0.84

Sutton Farm

Sutton Park

Wyre Forest

14.17

11.59

10.30

16.10

Wolverley & Kingsford

Wolverley

Wyre Forest

3.38

6.27

2.90

0.48

Blackstone & Catchems End

Wribbenhall

Wyre Forest

7.93

8.49

4.53

5.10

Holbeache & Trimpley

Wribbenhall

Wyre Forest

5.00

8.89

2.78

7.23

Wribbenhall

Wribbenhall

Wyre Forest

3.57

3.57

2.86

1.43

LSOA Name

Ward

District

Foley Park Rifle Range Area (Jubilee Drive, Avon Road, Shrawley Avenue Area) Far Forest, Pound Bank, Bliss Gate, Part of Callow Hill, Part of Rock Part Callow Hill, Part of Rock, Heightington

Oldington and Foley Park

Brinton Park

Source: West Mercia Police 2014-15

Page | 99

Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 8: Domestic Abuse and Homelessness Figure 38: Priority need by category in Worcestershire 2009-2014 % of all homelessness acceptances 0% Applicant who is homeless because of emergency (fire, flood, storms, disaster, etc. ) Applicant whose household includes dependent children Applicant is, or household includes, a pregnant woman…

20%

40%

60%

0.5% 57.0% 11.2%

Applicant aged 16 or 17 years old

2.5%

Applicant formerly "in care", and aged 18 to 20 years old

2.7%

Old age

2.7%

Physical disability

6.9%

Mental illness or disability

7.9%

Drug dependency

0.1%

Alcohol dependency

0.2%

Former Asylum seeker

0.1%

Other

0.2%

Having been in care

0.6%

Having served in HM forces

0.1%

Having been in custody/on remand

0.3%

Having fled their home because of violence/threat of violence Source: P1E data 2009-2014

Page | 100

6.9%

Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 39: Reasons for loss of last settled home in Worcestershire 2009-2014 % of all homelessness applicants 5% 10% 15% 20%

0% Parents no longer willing or able to accommodate Other relatives or friends no longer willing or able to accommodate Non-violent breakdown of relationship with partner Violent breakdown of relationship, involving partner Violent breakdown of relationship involving associated persons Racially motivated violence Other forms of violence Racially motivated harassment Other forms of harassment Mortgage arrears (repossession or other loss of home) Rent arrears on local authority or other public sector dwellings Rent arrears on registered social landlord or other housing association dwellings Rent arrears on private sector dwellings Loss of rented or tied accommodation due to termination of assured shorthold tenancy Loss of rented or tied accommodation due to reasons other than termination of AST Required to leave accommodation provided by Home Office as asylum support Left prison/on remand Left hospital

18.9% 7.7% 6.9% 9.9% 1.2% 0.1% 1.4% 0.1% 1.8% 2.6% 0.1% 0.3% 1.8% 22.7% 5.8% 0.0% 0.9% 2.1%

Left other institution or LA care Left HM-Forces

2.9% 0.6%

Other reason (e.g. homeless in emergency, sleeping rough… Source: P1E data 2009-2014

Page | 101

4.4%

25%

Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 9: Choice Checkers Summary Report August 2014 The top 5 agencies where people first sought help were; • • • • •

Police (32.3%) 'Other' agencies - chiefly ASHA, Pathways to Recovery and CAB (21.8%) Home Group / Stonham (21.1%), West Mercia Women's Aid (16.5%), and GP (15.8%).

The 3 agencies where people were least likely to seek help were; • • •

Hospital maternity services (0%) District Nurse / school nurse (0%) Community Midwife (0.8%) and Accident & Emergency department (0.8%)

What prompted people to first seek help?     

The level of abuse had escalated to a point where they had to take action or risk their life or that of their children. People had reached the limits of their endurance and couldn't take any more. Their mental health was being badly affected. Some men and women reported self- harming and suicide attempts before seeking help. Often physical health can be badly affected including severe injury and miscarriage. A person, agency or advertising made them realise that they were being abused.

What were the barriers to people seeking help? There were a complex range of factors which prevented people seeking help. Often people had been in abusive relationship for many years before accessing services, including some experiences dating back to childhood (e.g. experiencing domestic abuse in their family). Other barriers included: - Fear, shame and embarrassment, threats of violence, mixed feelings about the perpetrator, lack of knowledge of the options, lack of recognition that this was an abusive relationship, fear of losing children or for their well- being, pregnancy and period after birth (described as times of highest risk), cultural and religious pressures, financial constraints, fear of homelessness and a lack of confidence to live alone.

What difference the service has made to people's lives? The feedback about current services was very positive: 

91% of respondents saying they were satisfied with the time it had taken to access the service.  53% needed crisis support for more than 6 months. This depends on what victims describe as 'crisis'.  69% need ongoing recovery support for 12 to 24 months. This would include support package initially and leading onto minimal support e.g. survivors groups.  88% stated support services had made a large positive impact on their lives.  80% considering that the length of time they were offered support was sufficient for their needs. Many people felt that without these services they would have been killed by the perpetrator or would have committed suicide. The specialist expertise and knowledge of the Domestic Abuse services was greatly valued. People felt that other agencies had increased their risk and vulnerability and it was only these specialist services that had been able to get them to a true situation of safety. Support had helped people to realise that what was happening was wrong and that they were doing the right Page | 102

Needs Assessment July 2016 thing. It gave people a sense of self- worth, confidence, strength and a feeling of safety, improved mental health and resilience. People felt that they had "got their lives back". Recovery programmes gave people the tools and strategies to keep themselves safe and recognise the signs of a potential abuser in future relationships "It gets you to change your whole belief system and to be the parent your child needs. It helps you to recognise what makes a healthy relationship". Some believed that without this support their children would have been taken into care.

How people rated the importance of services The charts below reflect the ratings that respondents recorded in the questionnaires. However many people said that they found it difficult to rate services that they have had not used or knew nothing about. This meant that services that were only used by a small number of respondents for example the Sanctuary scheme rated low. Similarly most of the people that completed the questionnaire were currently receiving support and had not accessed survivors groups yet and again this rated low. Many people felt strongly that all services were important, depending on where you are in your recovery journey and were not keen to engage in choosing between services. These figures should therefore be used with caution. From figure 40 below, it can be seen that over 80% of respondents rated refuge as essential. In contrast, 26% of respondents rated the perpetrator programme as essential, with over 30% feeling that it was not important.

Figure 40: How people rated the importance of services Essential

Very important

Important

Not important

Perperator programme Survivors Group Sanctuary scheme Resettlement/move on support, following refuge stay Children's Services Children's healthy relationships (e.g. CRUSH) Children's support Independent Domestic Abuse Adviser (IDVA) Outreach/Community Support Safe House Helpline Recovery group programme Refuge 0%

20%

40%

60%

Source: Choice Checkers report for the Domestic Abuse Needs Assessment

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80%

100%

Needs Assessment July 2016 Table 24: How people rated the importance of services Most important (majority of Important (more than two respondents rated as thirds of respondents rated essential) essential or very important) Refuge

Independent Domestic Abuse Adviser (IDVA)

Recovery group programme

Children's support

Helpline Safe House

Children's healthy relationships (e.g. CRUSH)

Outreach/Community Support

Children's Services

Least Important (more than 10% of respondents rated as not important)

Sanctuary scheme Survivors Group Perpetrator programme

Resettlement/move on support, following refuge stay Source: Choice Checkers report for the Domestic Abuse Needs Assessment

Impact of abuse on children There was an overwhelming concern raised for the recognition of the impact of domestic abuse on children and the lack of support for children. Mothers expressed concern for their children's development, citing occasions where displays of anger reflected behaviour that they had witnessed. They were fearful that this behaviour could be normalised and then perpetuated into their children's adulthood, either as a perpetrator or a victim. People (women and men) talked about perpetrators still exerting control through their children long after separation.

Impact and need for support and education for children People spoke of the need to provide dedicated support for children in domestic abuse situations (including the Crush Programme and online support). There was also much discussion about the need for education work in all schools including both primary and secondary schools. This includes respectful relationships including bullying, healthy relationships etc. One 5 year old child had attended a lesson on bullying and recognised for the first time that his father was a bully. Support and education were seen as a vital way of breaking the cycle of abuse. Some schools currently provide this – in Primary Schools as anti -bullying sessions and in High Schools in PHSE lessons, this needs to be embedded in all schools as seen in Telford and Nottingham. 64% of respondents said that the support they, as parents, had received had a major positive impact on their children, improved behaviour, increased confidence and self- esteem. They now realised that the abuse is not their fault. "The children can play noisily in the house, they can have new toys and clothes, they are so much happier, they have stopped wetting the bed."

Ways current services could be improved Key consultation themes showed there is a need to:   

Improve accessibility of the Help Line and clarify its role. Make Recovery Programmes more flexible and available at different times of day, in rural areas, and with childcare facilities. Update the Recovery Programmes to include current areas for potential abuse, including social networking – Facebook, Twitter, emailing and texting, tracking using mobile phone GPS, hacking into computers/laptops/phones. Update statistics to include current local figures. Update references to music, film and books to reflect current trends. Update the Programmes to reflect changes in the population with reference to cultural and religious issues and to include abuse within other family relationships for example parent/child. Include an understanding of boundaries and disclosure in new relationships. Page | 104

Needs Assessment July 2016 

Raise awareness to ensure that victims as well as professionals recognise the signs sooner and signpost to appropriate support.

Ideas to save money Key consultation themes showed there is a need for:   

Other agencies should be putting funding into domestic abuse services for example Health and Children's Services. Fundraise for services and to raise awareness e.g. Charity shop, café or social enterprise. Any potential risks to victims and survivors would need managed. Use of volunteers wherever possible.

Innovative or creative ideas for the future Key consultation themes showed there is a need to:  



Use social networking to provide professional and peer support online. Programmes for perpetrators were seen as a way of breaking the pattern of behaviour "if we don't work with these men, they will continue the pattern and move on to the next woman." However some women were highly wary of this suggestion believing that perpetrators were more likely to use what they learnt to further manipulate. Peer support groups for children in or recovering from domestic abuse situations

BME specific issues The Choice Checker team met a small number of women from BME communities. All women interviewed felt that domestic abuse services needed more marketing to raise awareness. There needed to be a better understanding of agencies of the specific religious and cultural issues that BME communities experience. The Recovery Programmes needs to be updated to include this, in light of the changing demographic of Worcestershire.

Summary of findings relating to stakeholder engagement A stakeholder questionnaire was devised. The aim was to include stakeholders in the needs assessment and future commissioning of domestic abuse services. This information has been collated to inform the picture of the quality and appropriateness of current services to meet the needs of people experiencing domestic abuse. 78 surveys were sent to specific named individuals within key agencies (this included one email which was sent to a named individual who distributed the email to all of the GP's across the county on our behalf). The types of agencies and teams contacted included: 

Current and potential support providers/agencies working with people experiencing domestic abuse (contracted and non-contracted on behalf of WCC)



Children's Services (Social Care, Early Help, Stronger families, and Safeguarding including 0-19 Strategic Group)



District council - Strategic Housing and Housing Options Teams



Criminal Justice – West Mercia Police, Police and Crime Commissioner (PCC), Community Safety Teams and Community Rehabilitation Trust (formerly West Mercia Probation Trust)



Registered providers (Housing)



Health – Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCG's), Acute Health Trust, Midwives, Health Visitors, Community, Worcestershire Health and Care Trust (Mental Health Teams Primary Care, Crisis Teams and Psychiatric Liaison Teams in A&E), GP's, Health Improvement Coordinators for adults and children, and CRI Page | 105

Needs Assessment July 2016 

WRASAC, Victim Support, MARAC coordinator and other agencies with an interest in domestic abuse

Out of the 78 surveys sent, 35 were returned, which is a 45% response rate. A range of responses was received, although some key agencies disappointingly did not respond. The purpose of this questionnaire was to: a) Find out stakeholder views of existing types of services, b) For them to tell us about the services that they provide which may we may or may not know about, c) Their understanding of how the needs of people and their children experiencing domestic abuse might change over the next 3 years, and d) Their suggestions to streamline domestic abuse services in the future but to minimise the negative impact of budget reductions. Whilst agencies were under no obligation to offer any comment on these services, the importance of their involvement and the survey was stressed, particularly as there will be a 50% reduction in the budget for these non-statutory services. It is more important than ever to ensure Worcestershire County Council (WCC) and other partners commission and invest funding in services that make the most difference to people's lives. It was advised that all responses as well as responses to the survey of people who have experienced domestic abuse would be analysed and the findings included in this report for commissioning purposes and that the information collated would be considered when reaching a final decision on the types of services and support to receive investment. This will help ensure evidence-based recommissioning and decommissioning of services and the most effective use of the 50% remaining funding. If stakeholders considered some services to be a lesser priority or some of the services do not effectively assist people experiencing domestic abuse, they were asked to identify how the service might be remodelled or what alternative service might be more effective. Figure 41 below shows how stakeholders rated the quality of the domestic abuse services provided.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 41: Stakeholders ratings of the quality of the services provided Very good

Good

Average

Poor

Very poor

Support specifically for children and young… Voluntary perpetrator programmes Funding for people with no recourse to… Freedom programme for professionals Outreach/community support Schools prevention work Helpline Independent Domestic Abuse Adviser (IDVA) Recovery group programmes Resettlement support Refuge Safe House Sanctuary scheme Survivors Group 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Source: Choice Checkers report for the Domestic Abuse Needs Assessment

Stakeholders were asked to give their views about services they rated 'poor' or 'very poor' quality. The four services rated poor or very poor were the Helpline, the Perpetrator Programme, support for children and the Freedom Programme for professionals. Additional comments are shown below; Helpline   

Taking too long to answer or the answer phone left on and clients reporting that they had experienced un-supportive phone calls. Some lack of clarity about the role of the helpline service Referrals and call backs taking too long.

Perpetrator Programme  Respondents gave perpetrator programmes a poor rating because this provision is not currently funded. Children  

Lack of support for children and young people, sometimes dependent on where you live. Need for more support programmes for children in schools.

Refuges  

Some concern that refuges were not addressing issues about rent arrears and antisocial behaviour which could be barriers to move on. Need to consider more housing options to speed up resettlement. Page | 107

Needs Assessment July 2016 Other issues raised were:       

Lack of BME representation. Slow response time to victims and waiting lists Lack of coverage across the county of outreach services and survivor groups Poor re-settlement support. Refusal to provide services to people deemed to be 'too high need'. Limited IDVA service Need for more publicity, training and awareness about domestic abuse and support.

Stakeholders were asked for innovative or creative ways of providing domestic abuse services in the future, and ideas about how services could be improved? Refuges / Safe Houses   

Audit the standard of accommodation and ensure accessibility for disability. Early identification and action plan around barriers to move on e.g. anti-social behaviour (provide a reference for Housing Associations to demonstrate a change in behaviour), payment plans for rent arrears, and realistic housing options. Better information for women entering refuges to reduce disruption and prevent children from being destabilised e.g. local information about transfer of schools and doctors.

Children    

Increased support for children, including placing children's workers in accommodation and outreach services. More work in schools to help children identify, healthy and acceptable behaviours in relationships. Better training for teachers, especially early years/foundation/teaching assistants- to avoid gender stereotyping. Produce a booklet for parents and professional to read to children that will help them understand that they are not the only ones and that domestic abuse isn’t acceptable.

Recovery Programmes Stakeholders gave strong feedback that the Recovery Programmes should be maintained and developed, be run regularly for victims and professionals and include more co-production and facilitation of sessions by survivors. Other suggestions and ideas         

More integrated approach with partner organisations. Consider the customer pathway and cross over with other services such as Early Help, Children's Centres, Stronger Families, to maximise the impact of available resources. More focus on prevention and an early alert system in place for schools, community based health care and hospitals. Increased use of technology to provide support. More localised services including rural areas. More group work to maximise support. Look at good practice in other areas of the country. Consider reintroducing the perpetrator programme. Explore using a "community trigger system" similar to that described in the ASB Crime and Police Act 2014.

Stakeholders were asked to comment on other services or support they provide;   

Pattern Changing course (Support Works) provided at Evergreen Children's Centre. District council housing services and housing associations provide many services which could have a positive impact for victims. '4children' provides some 1-1 family support. Page | 108

Needs Assessment July 2016    

The probation service employs 'partner safety workers' to work with the partners of convicted perpetrators who are participating in the 'Building Better Relationships Programme' as part of a court sentence. Victim Support provides basic security equipment and support to victims and their families through court proceedings. Early Years Practitioners offer support packages to families. The DAWN project run by Worcester Community Trust provides 1 to 1 support and group work to victims of domestic abuse. They also facilitate a survivors group and school education programmes.

Stakeholders were asked what type of support or supported accommodation would be most successful. Stakeholders felt that a range of accommodation was needed based on their individual circumstances and where they are on their recovery journey; 

 

 

Refuges meet the needs of victims at high risk and their children as they are secure and safe with 24 hour support and peer support. Refuges need to take more account of religious and cultural needs. There may not need to be provision within every district. 1 person suggested that 2 refuges in the county would be adequate. Some stakeholders suggested self-contained flats within refuge accommodation, which would counteract some of the difficulties around shared living. A variety of suitable move on accommodation needs to be available to enable resettlement to take place as soon as possible and prevent the victim returning to an abusive relationship. For some being housed in their local community is important, for others it is safer for them to move away. This needs to be on a case by case basis and relate to assessed risk. More safe house accommodation with floating support available across the county. Some people want to remain in their own home but have a `sanctuary' scheme fitted.

Stakeholders were asked about how they think domestic abuse service needs might change in the next three years and why?  As awareness is raised it will mean more survivors will be able to speak out and will need to access services at point of crisis through to accessing support on their journey.  More services for male victims needed as awareness about domestic abuse experienced by men is increased.  Support for BME communities as they become more aware of services available. Professionals need to be aware of emerging issues such as FGM, honour based violence, sexual exploitation and trafficking.  Need for recognition and support around the specific needs of people in same sex relationships.  The current economic climate and welfare reforms have led to an increased risk of homelessness, debt and unemployment. These pressures can lead to relationship breakdown and are likely to result in a continuing increase in domestic abuse.  Government must ensure that refuges continue to be included in the definition of exempt supported accommodation. Stakeholders were asked to rate the importance of services. The charts below display the findings. The results are possibly skewed by stakeholders reporting lack of knowledge or experience of some domestic abuse services.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Figure 42: Stakeholders rating of the importance of services Essential

Very Important

Important

Not Important / Not Needed

Survivors Group Resettlement support Funding for people with no recourse to public… Freedom programme for professionals Outreach/community support Sanctuary scheme Voluntary perpetrator programmes Support specifically for children and young… Schools prevention work Safe House Recovery group programmes Independent Domestic Abuse Adviser (IDVA) Helpline Refuge 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%100% Source: Choice Checkers report for the Domestic Abuse Needs Assessment

Stakeholders were asked to think of ways of saving money.  Reduce duplication and overheads, by mapping county provision, clarity of roles and effective sharing of resources and specialisms.  Target those most in need.  IDVA type advice officers in housing hubs.  Provide advice online.  Adequate audit and monitoring to ensure efficiency.  Joint working.  Research best practice to look for savings achieved in other counties.  Look for partnership funding from other statutory agencies e.g. Health and Education.  Use of trained and supported volunteers.  Work in partnership with housing associations and district councils to speed up access to move on accommodation, freeing up refuge places.  One stop shop for a clear pathway for referrals.  The Helpline advisor needs to be fully aware of all services available (statutory and nonstatutory) and their current capacity to engage quickly. Stakeholder were invited to add additional comments. Most stakeholders understood the current financial climate but had concerns about the reduction to funding of domestic abuse services. Any changes to resourcing needs to be subject to a rigorous Equality Impact Assessment.

Summary of Future Lives Consultation The Choice Checker Team also looked at the findings of the Future Lives Consultation (20132014), which included proposals to reduce funding for Domestic Abuse services by 50%. 556 comments were recorded, these included respondents receiving services, stakeholders and the Page | 110

Needs Assessment July 2016 general public. The Consultation suggested focusing resources on those at highest risk and stated that "the impact of reductions would be mitigated by close working with our geographical neighbours and other partners such as police and probation". Many comments tended to respond to this specific proposal arguing that it is vital to have trained specialist staff who can work in this field and expecting other agencies to cover the shortfall was not realistic. 324 respondents said there should be no cuts at all. 161 were partially accepting of the cuts and 70 were in agreement. The last 2 groups were primarily people who had no experience of domestic abuse or these services. Even so many still acknowledged the risks involved. Many people who felt that there should be no reduction to funding had grave concerns about the proposals and felt that they would leave women and their families in danger. They also felt that the proposed cuts would cost other services more in the long run. Other issues raised;       

Identification of risk - the difficulty of assessing those at higher risk, many people felt that domestic abuse can be unpredictable and can quickly escalate even in low risk cases Concern about the sustainability of services Doubts that other partners such as police and probation could or should fulfil this role, at a time when they are also experiencing budget reductions and structural change The lack of legal aid can mean victims are less able to seek legal advice and therefore more likely to stay in abusive situations Early intervention was seen as a way of preventing escalation The need for support over a long period to enable survivors to gain trust in their support Worcestershire Domestic Abuse services have up to now been seen as a "flagship" of good practice for the county, this proposal was therefore seen as regressive

All other issues were congruent with Choice Checker findings in the full report.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 10: Public Health Outcomes for Domestic Abuse Table 25: Relevant Outcomes from the PHOF Domain 1: Wider Determinants Indicator

Brief Definition

1.11 - Rate of domestic abuse incidents recorded by the police per 1,000 population

Definition: Domestic abuse incidents recorded by the police, crude rate per 1,000 population. Methodology: Crude rate per 1,000 population: the number of incidents of domestic abuse recorded by the police is divided by the over 16 population of the area and multiplied by 1,000. Rationale: Tackling domestic abuse as a public health issue is vital for ensuring that some of the most vulnerable people in our society receive the support, understanding and treatment they deserve. The more we can focus in on interventions that are effective, the more we can treat victims and prevent future re-victimisation. It is also the government's strategic ambition, as set out in Call to end violence against women and girls 2010 and successive action plans to do what it can to contribute to a cohesive and comprehensive response.

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 11: Domestic Abuse Services Referral Pathways Figure 43: Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Service Referral Pathway – Community Support

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Needs Assessment July 2016 Figure 44: Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Service Referral Pathway - Refuge

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Needs Assessment July 2016 Figure 45: Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Service Referral Pathway – Male Cases

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Needs Assessment July 2016

Appendix 12: Incoming Calls to Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Helpline by Postcode District 2012-13 to 2014-15 Figure 46: Number of Incoming calls to Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Helpline by Postcode District Area and Year 2012-13 to 2014-15 2012/13

2013/14

0

400

200

600

WR1 WR2 WR3 WR4 WR5 WR6 WR7 WR8 WR9 WR10 WR11 WR12 WR13 WR14 WR15 DY1 DY2 DY3 DY4 DY5 DY6 DY7 DY8 DY9 DY10 DY11 DY12 DY13 DY14 B47 B48 B60 B61 B96 B97 B98 Other Area (inside West Mercia) Other Area (outside West Mercia) Not Disclosed No Fixed Abode Source: West Mercia Women's Aid

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2014/15 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800

Needs Assessment July 2016

Table 26: Number of Incoming calls to Worcestershire Domestic Abuse Helpline by Postcode District Area and Year 2012-13 to 2014-15 WR1

112

% Total 2012-13 4.7%

107

% Total 2013-14 3.0%

132

% Total 2014-15 3.5%

WR2

113

4.7%

124

3.5%

155

4.1%

WR3

42

1.8%

98

2.7%

53

1.4%

WR4

369

15.4%

488

13.6%

606

15.9%

WR5

158

6.6%

269

7.5%

231

6.1%

WR6

9

0.4%

19

0.5%

28

0.7%

WR7