World Mineral Production 2010-2014 - British Geological Survey

World Mineral Production

2010–2014

BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

WORLD MINERAL PRODUCTION 2010–14

Authors: T J Brown, C E Wrighton, N E Idoine, E R Raycraft, R A Shaw, E A Deady, J Rippingale and T Bide Technical support: A C MacKenzie

Keyworth, Nottingham

British Geological Survey 2016

© NERC 2016 all rights reserved First Published 2016 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG  0115-936 3100 Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA  0131-667 1000 London Office, Natural History Museum (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, London SW7 2DE  020-7589 4090 The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS Sales Desks at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; see contact details above or shop online at www.geologyshop.com The London Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS Sales Desks. The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research projects. It also undertakes programmes of British technical aid in geology in developing countries as arranged by the Department for International Development. The British Geological Survey is a component body of the Natural Environment Research Council. All communications regarding the content of this publication should be addressed to the Science Director, Minerals & Waste, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG  0115-936 3495 Fax 0115 936 3200 E-mail [email protected] The compilations presented in this book are copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without the permission of the Director, British Geological Survey. Bibliographical reference BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 2015. World mineral production 2009-13. (Keyworth, Nottingham: British Geological Survey.)

Cover image: Muscovite mica collected near Loch Nevis, photographer JI Rayner, British Geological Survey image library reference P527602, BGS © NERC

ISBN 978-0-85272-856-7 (print version) ISBN 978-0-85272-857-4 (website version)

ii

PREFACE Welcome to the latest edition of World Mineral Production, which includes global mineral production data for 2014 and is a continuation of the dataset that began in 1913. This publication is compiled from a comprehensive database, maintained by the British Geological Survey, through which we aim to provide a reliable, comprehensive and continuous set of data covering most of the minerals that enter international trade. In this volume we have set out the production figures by country for more than 70 mineral commodities, over the five-year period from 2010 to 2014. The objective of this series remains to present the latest production information obtained from official bodies in individual countries, although other sources are also used to ensure completeness and accuracy. The cooperation afforded to the British Geological Survey by numerous national and international organisations is gratefully acknowledged. As always, the statistics contained in this latest volume reveal some interesting trends in the global outputs of several mineral commodities. For example, the implementation of a new mining law in Indonesia prohibiting the export of unprocessed ores is clearly reflected in the production data for mined nickel and bauxite, with the former falling by 21 per cent and the latter by nearly 13 per cent. Indonesia’s output of these two ores fell by 75 per cent and 96 per cent respectively. Although ore production increased in other countries, this was insufficient to compensate for the reduced output from Indonesia. Other notable decreases in world production were for mined antimony (reduced by 19 per cent between 2013 and 2014), fluorspar (reduced by 17 per cent) and platinum group metals (reduced by approximately 18 per cent). The decline in platinum group metals production was due to a reduction in output from South Africa, whilst China reduced production of antimony and fluorspar. Conversely, the production of many other mineral commodities increased in 2014 compared to 2013. For example the world’s output of smelter copper increased by 22 per cent, mined bismuth by 21 per cent and mercury by just under 21 per cent. The increased bismuth production was primarily due to a new mine opening in Vietnam, while the other two are due to significant increases in output from China, equating to a 54 per increase in smelter copper and a 25 per cent increase in the production of mercury. Mercury and smelter copper also feature prominently when examining the production trends over the five year period covered by this volume. Global output of mercury has increased by 38 per cent between 2010 and 2014, while smelter copper increased by nearly 32 per cent over the same period. Other notable production increases over the five year period included phosphate rock and tungsten (a 35 per cent increase each), refined nickel (nearly a 33 per cent increase) and potash (a 30 per cent increase). Aside from China, other countries that have contributed significantly to these increases in global production are Brazil and Madagascar (smelter

copper and refined nickel), Russia (potash), Canada (potash and tungsten), New Caledonia (refined nickel) and Spain (tungsten). We look forward to adding the United Kingdom to the statistics for tungsten next year, following the first shipments of concentrates from the newly opened Drakelands Mine at the Hemerdon Project in Devon in 2015. However, over the five year period covered by this volume the production of some mineral commodities has significantly declined. For example, the production of platinum group metals declined by nearly 23 per cent between 2010 and 2014, fluorspar decreased by 14 per cent and zirconium decreased by 10 per cent. As noted above, the reduction in global production of platinum group metals is partially due to a fall in output from South Africa, but Russia’s production has also declined over the five year period by 27 per cent. The decline in global output of fluorspar is principally caused by a decrease in China’s production, but the fall in the production of zirconium is due to reductions in outputs from a number of countries; the most notable in percentage terms are Sri Lanka (reduced by 96 per cent over the five years) and Vietnam (reduced by 71 per cent). Concern surrounding the worldwide security of supply of minerals, which has been evident for a few years now continues. Particular interest focusses on the so called ‘critical’ minerals, i.e. those elements that are essential for new and/or green technologies. New policies and programmes of supporting research have continued to be developed across the entire worldwide supply chain, with the common aims of diversifying the supply base, improving resource efficiency (which includes, but is not limited to, recycling), and developing alternatives for the most constrained elements both in terms of substituting materials and other technologies. During the past year, the BGS has been involved with a range of raw materials-related research, including the conclusion of the ‘European Intelligence Network on the Supply of Raw Materials’ project (Minerals4EU); the deliverables from which included a new digital European Minerals Yearbook accessible at: www.minerals4eu.brgm-rec.fr/m4euyearbook/theme_selection.html. This new and innovative compilation combines, for the first time statistical data relating to resources, reserves, exploration and waste flows, as well as production and trade of primary minerals. In addition, BGS involvement continues in the European rare earth element project (EURARE; www.eurare.eu) and Blue Mining (www.bluemining.eu), which is focussed on sustainable deep sea mining. New raw materials-related research involving BGS includes the Mineral Intelligence Capacity Analysis (MICA) project and the next update of the European Commission’s list of critical raw materials. As always, I would welcome any comments and suggestions that you have relating to this volume which might help us to meet your ongoing needs. John N Ludden Executive Director British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham February 2016

iii

CONTENTS

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Commodity Index

Coverage

Alumina 3 Aluminium 4 Antimony 5 Arsenic 5 Asbestos 6 Barytes 7 Bauxite 2 Bentonite 8 Beryl 10 Bismuth 10 Borates 11 Bromine 11 Cadmium 12 Chromium 13 Coal 14 Cobalt 17 Copper 19 Diamond 22 Diatomite 23 Feldspar 24 Ferro alloys 37 Fluorspar 25 Fuller’s earth 8 Gallium 26 Germanium 26 Gold 27 Graphite 29 Gypsum 30 Indium 32 Iodine 32 Iron ore 32 Iron and steel 34 Kaolin 40 Lead 42 Lithium 44 Magnesite 45 Magnesium 46

Manganese 47 Mercury 48 Mica 49 Molybdenum 50 Natural gas 56 Natural sodium carbonate 67 Nepheline syenite 50 Nickel 51 Niobium 73 Perlite 53 Petroleum 54 Phosphates 58 Platinum 59 Potash 60 Pyrites 68 Rare earths 61 Rhenium 61 Salt 62 Selenium 64 Silicon 37 Sillimanite 65 Silver 66 Strontium 67 Sulphur 68 Talc 71 Tantalum 73 Tellurium 73 Tin 74 Titanium 75 Tungsten 76 Uranium 77 Vanadium 77 Vermiculite 78 Wollastonite 78 Zinc 79 Zirconium 81

World Mineral Production covers the majority of economically important mineral commodities. For each commodity constant efforts are made to ensure that as many producing countries as possible are reported. For some commodities, where statistics on production are not publicly available, estimates are made. Users of this compilation are advised that more statistical information than can be included in a publication of this nature is held in the British Geological Survey files and is available for consultation. Historical data (from 1913 for many commodities) can be obtained from the predecessors to this series entitled World Mineral Statistics and the Statistical Summary of the Mineral Industry. Copies of these publications are available in the World Archive section of the website: www.mineralsUK.com. Arrangement of countries Countries are ordered alphabetically in geographical groupings as follows: Europe Africa North and Central America, including the Caribbean South America Asia Australasia, including the Pacific Islands Metals Mine production of many metals is expressed in terms of metal content. This is clearly indicated at the head of the table, adjacent to the unit used. For aluminium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, nickel, tin and zinc, mine production and metal production are shown in separate tables. Unless otherwise specified, metal production statistics relate to metal recovered from both domestic and imported materials, whether primary or secondary, but exclude remelted material wherever possible. World totals For certain minerals and metals no world total is shown due to the non-availability of certain individual country totals. Exclusion of Warranty Use by recipients of information provided by the BGS, is at the recipients' own risk. BGS has taken care to ensure that information provided is as free from error as is reasonably practical. In view of the disparate sources of information at BGS's disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that BGS accepts in good faith as being accurate, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the quality, accuracy, performance, and merchantability of the information supplied, or to the information's suitability for any use whether made known to BGS or otherwise. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurrence however caused. Acknowledgements Compilation of this volume of mineral statistics has been possible only by obtaining information from a very large number of organisations throughout the world, chiefly home and overseas government departments and specialist national or international authorities concerned with particular sectors of the minerals or metals industries. To all these bodies the British Geological Survey expresses its grateful acknowledgement for the information made available, whether

iv

in published form or provided by direct correspondence. Particular acknowledgement is made to the Mines Departments and other government agencies of many countries whose regular statements, yearbooks and other reports are worthy of direct consultations by readers in search of detail. Specialist commodity organisations which have kindly allowed information to be reproduced include the International Copper Study Group, the International Lead and Zinc Study Group, the International Nickel Study Group, the Barytes Association and the International Fertilizer Industry Association Ltd. In a few instances, information on specific commodities has been obtained directly from company sources. The co-operation of other members of the International Consultative Group on Non-Ferrous Metal Statistics is also gratefully acknowledged. Supplementary information is also obtained from publications dealing with a wider range of commodities such as Société de l'Industrie Minérale, Annuaire Statistique Mondial des Minerais et Métaux; World Bureau of Metal Statistics, World Metal Statistics and, Metallstatistik; publications of the Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS, the United States Geological Survey, and UN agencies. In addition, information has been obtained from the websites of the following organisations, companies, statistical offices and government departments: United Nations; BP Plc; Eurofer; Eurostat; Instituto Latinoamericano del Fierro y el Acero; International Iron and Steel Institute; Kaolin & Plastic Clays Europe; Kimberley Process; World Nuclear Association; African Development Bank; Agnico Eagle Mines; Altona Mining; Aluminium de Greece; Amara Mining plc; Altyntau; Anglo American; AngloGold Ashanti; ARMZ; Aura Minerals Inc; Avocet Mining plc; Belvedere Resources; BHP Biliton; Breakwater Resources; Centamin; Centerra Gold; Consolidated Murchison; CNW Group; CZP; Dominion Salt; Dragon Mining; Dundee Precious Metals; Eagle Graphite; ElektroZinc; Endeavour Mining; Endomines; ENRC; Eramet; Exxaro; Eurozinc Mining Corporation; Evraz; Falconbridge Limited; First Quantum; Glamis Gold; Glencairn Gold; Glencore Xstrata; GoldBridges; Goldcorp Inc; Iamgold Corporation; Inmet Mining; IRC Group; Kazzinc; Kazakhmys; Lappland Goldminers; Lundin Mining; MMG; Nevsun; New Boliden; Nickel Asia; Nordgold; Norilsk Nickel; Norsk Hydro; Nyrstar; Orosur Mining Inc; Outokumpu; Paladin Energy Ltd; PanAust Mining; Phosagro; Phosphate Resources Ltd; Polymetal Internationa; Qatalum; Qatar Steel Company; RandGold Resources; Resolute Mining; Rich Metal Group; Rio Narcea; Rio Tinto; Ronphos Corporation; RNC Gold; Rusal; Semafo; Sherritt Internationa; SMR; SMZ company; Stillwater Mining; Sun-gold; Talvivaara; UMMC; Uralkali; Vitmetco; Weatherly International Plc; Aluar Aluminio Argentino, Argentina; Alumbrera, Argentina; Institute of Argentinean Petroleum and Gas, Argentina; Institute of Argentinean Steel, Argentina; Acero Argentinos; Northern Territory Government, Australia; Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Australia; Mineral Resources Tasmania, Australia; Bureau of Resources and Energy Economics, Australia; Vereinigung der Osterreichishen Zementindustrie, Austria; Department of Statistics of the Bahamas; Energy Bangla, Bangladesh; Petrobangla, Bangladesh; Central Bank of Barbados; Federation de l'Industrie Cimentiere Belge, Belgium; Belgian Steel Federation; Statistics Belgium; Instituto Nacional de Estatistica Boliva; Cámara Boliviana de Hidrocarburos, Bolivia; Ministry of Mining and Metallurgy, Bolivia; Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics, Bosnia & Herzegovina; Agency for Statistics; Bosnia & Herzegovina; Departamento Nacional De Producao Mineral, Brazil; Grupo

Paranapanema, Brazil; Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Brazil; Associação Brasileira do Alumínio, Brazil; Ministerio de Minas y Energia, Brazil; Sindicato da Indústria Carbonífera de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Ministry of Energy, Bulgaria; Chamber of Mines, Burkina Faso; Natural Resources Canada; Statistics Canada; Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers; Mineral Resources of Quebec, Canada; Canadian Clay Products; Chilean Copper Commission; National Service for Geology and Mining, Chile; China Mining Association; National Bureau of Statistics, China; Ministerio De Minas Y Energia, Columbia; Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas, Cuba; Czech Republic Statistical Office; Statistics Denmark; Danish Energy Agency, Denmark; Agencia de Regulation y Control Minero, Ecuador; Ministerio de Recursos Naturales No Renovables, Ecuador; Fiji Bureau of Statistics; Geological Survey of Finland; Federation des Minerais, Mineraux Industrielles et Metaux non Ferreux, France; Comite Professionel de Petrole, France; Unicem, France; Infociments, France; Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland, Germany; RW Silicium, Germany; BEB Erdgas und Erdol, Germany; Verband der Kali, Germany; National Statistical Service of Greece; National Bank of Guyana; Ministerio de Energia y Minas, Guatemala; Federacciai, Italy; Unione Petrolifera, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, Italy; Salt Industry Centre, Japan; Metal Economics Research Institute, Japan; Statistics Agency of Kazkhstan; Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Republic of Korea; State Agency of Geology and Mineral Resources, Kyrgyz Republic, Kyrgyzstan; Statec, Luxembourg; Bank Negara, Malaysia; Minerals & Geoscience department Malaysia; Pemex, Mexico; Cámara Nacional de la Industria del Hierro y del Acero, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia, Mexico; Servicio Geologico de Mexico; Penoles, Mexico; Mineral Autlan, Mexico; Grupo Mexico; Mineral Resources & Petroleum Authority of Mongolia; Statistics Office of Montenegro; Bank al Maghrib, Morocco; Ministry of Mines, Morocco; Ministry of Mines and Energy, Namibia; Bank of Namibia; RONphos Corporation, Nauru; Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Netherlands; Staatstoezicht op de Mijnen, Netherlands; Netherlands Oil and Gas Portal; Ministry of Economic Development, New Zealand; Central Bank, Nicaragua; Ministry of Energy and Mines, Nicaragua; National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria; Statistisk Sentralbyra, Norway; Geological Survey of Norway; Norwegian Petroleum Directorate; Central Bank of Oman; Ministry of National Economy, Oman; Direccion de Estadistica y Censo, Panama; Chamber of Mines and Petroleum, Papua New Guinea; PeruPetro; Ministerio de Energia y Minas, Peru; Sociedad Nacional de Mineria Petroleo y Energia, Peru; Mines and Geosciences Bureau, Philippines; Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, Portugal; Ministry of Agriculture, Portugal; Centre National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Republic of Congo; Johnson Matthey, Russia; National Bank of Rwanda; Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie, Senegal; Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia; Central Bank of Sierra Leone; Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia; Central Bank of Solomon Islands; Unesid, Spain; Staatsolie Maatschappij, Suriname; Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Sweden; Jernkontoret, Sweden; Statistiska Centralbyran, Sweden; Bureau of Mines, Taiwan; National Statistics, Taiwan; Bank of Thailand; Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago; Department of Business, Innovation and Skills, United Kingdom; Department of Energy and Climate Change, United Kingdom; Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom; Energy Information Administration, United States of America; Direccion Nacional de Minería y Geología, Uruguay; General Statistics Office, Vietnam.

v

Units

Symbols

The Statistics shown in this volume are expressed in metric units. The following factors are given for converting to nonmetric units:

... 0 — * BGS

tonnes × 0.9842 = long tons tonnes × 1.1023 = short tons kilograms × 2.2046 = pounds kilograms × 32.1507 = troy ounces cubic metres × 35.3147 = cubic feet 1 tonne of crude petroleum equals on average 7 barrels of crude petroleum. 1 flask mercury = 34.5 kilograms

vi

figures not available quantity less than half unit shown nil estimated British Geological Survey

                 

STATISTICAL INFORMATION     

 

Production of bauxite

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

827 909 2 300 93 100 1 902 000 307 000 61 205 5 035 000 1 311 064

707 712 4 800 80 800 2 324 000 277 800 158 614 5 380 000 1 024 915

800 316 5 690 90 000 1 816 000 255 000 — 5 166 000 1 521 150

657 115 8 220 100 000 1 844 000 93 700 61 154 5 322 000 795 562

605 215 * 8 000 71 000 1 876 000 14 000 155 153 5 589 000 * 800 000

512 208 16 427 300 8 556 1 089 131 39 326

400 069 17 593 100 10 352 1 457 507 29 520

752 771 17 326 140 8 633 776 000 28 434

826 994 18 330 620 6 190 616 000 39 977

940 389 18 742 730 2 910 1 161 000 25 641

8 888 8 539 853 21 250 59 143

— 10 188 916 14 400 63 121

10 522 9 339 291 96 000 128 152

769 530 9 435 214 — * 128 000

1 446 311 9 676 697 — * 128 000

Brazil (b) Guyana Suriname Venezuela

32 028 000 1 082 512 3 096 650 3 126 242

33 624 600 1 818 399 3 236 111 2 454 769

34 987 800 2 213 972 2 904 509 2 285 949

33 848 700 1 713 242 2 670 683 2 341 155

35 409 900 1 563 563 2 707 720 2 315 787

China India (c) Indonesia Iran (d) Iraq Kazakhstan Malaysia Pakistan (e) Saudi Arabia Vietnam

36 837 200 12 722 820 27 410 375 681 235 3 350 5 310 000 124 274 11 131 235 811 * 80 000

37 173 800 13 599 566 40 643 852 818 224 — 5 495 000 188 141 9 033 206 299 * 100 000

44 052 300 16 611 610 31 443 325 898 437 — 5 170 000 121 873 28 768 760 114 * 100 000

50 339 400 21 666 011 57 023 774 899 316 — 5 192 800 208 770 25 305 1 044 360 482 000

* 65 000 000 20 201 310 2 556 429 * 900 000 — 4 515 600 962 799 33 403 1 964 514 1 090 000

Australia Fiji

68 584 000 —

70 231 216 —

76 281 245 349 556

81 119 334 564 777

78 632 393 489 476

228 000 000

249 000 000

256 000 000

298 000 000

260 000 000

Bosnia & Herzegovina Croatia France Greece Hungary Montenegro Russia Turkey Ghana Guinea Mozambique Sierra Leone Tanzania Dominican Republic Jamaica Mexico USA (a)

World total

Notes (1) This table includes production of refractory bauxite (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

2   

Data for Alabama only Including beneficiated and direct shipping ore Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated

Production of alumina

tonnes (Al2O3 content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

— 269 414 481 000 * 1 000 000 661 882 * 139 000 1 211 600 414 000 2 857 000 * 1 300 000 * 160 000 1 534 000

6 188 261 874 470 000 * 1 000 000 683 030 * 132 000 1 249 300 484 000 2 825 000 * 1 300 000 * 210 000 1 601 000

101 780 202 416 430 000 * 1 000 000 653 011 * 111 000 1 250 600 414 000 2 719 000 * 1 100 000 * 220 000 1 429 000

— 175 961 430 000 * 1 000 000 664 510 * 81 000 1 264 689 391 000 2 659 000 * 1 400 000 * 186 000 1 493 000

— 170 646 * 400 000 * 1 000 000 674 000 * 1 000 1 270 784 363 000 2 572 000 * 1 400 000 * 190 000 1 455 000

597 000

574 000

150 000

—

—

Canada Jamaica USA

1 416 594 1 590 658 3 468 000

1 473 271 1 959 926 3 792 000

1 498 600 1 757 693 4 372 000

1 554 604 1 854 910 4 388 000

1 562 559 1 850 960 4 393 000

Brazil Suriname Venezuela

9 523 900 1 486 449 1 244 000

10 306 800 1 421 464 1 265 530

10 320 600 1 202 806 808 043

9 942 100 1 149 392 579 874

10 439 200 1 149 388 660 195

China India (a) Iran (b) Japan Kazakhstan Vietnam

29 064 900 3 576 890 236 476 * 550 000 1 640 000 —

34 077 600 3 930 950 233 000 * 500 000 1 670 000 —

37 696 300 3 609 815 228 000 * 350 000 1 510 000 —

43 378 700 * 3 700 000 248 000 * 250 000 1 590 000 214 000

50 737 000 * 4 000 000 383 000 * 120 000 1 419 000 485 000

Australia

19 806 000

18 726 564

20 914 745

21 528 263

20 475 608

World total

84 200 000

90 200 000

94 000 000

100 100 000

107 200 000

Azerbaijan Bosnia & Herzegovina France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland, Republic of Romania Russia Spain Turkey Ukraine Guinea

Notes (1) Where possible figures in this table show the alumina equivalent (Al2O3) of total hydrate produced, whether or not calcined (2) The figures in this table represent alumina produced from bauxite. Alumina-rich materials can also be derived from salt slags formed during the production of secondary aluminium (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated (b) Years ended 20 March following that stated

3   

Production of primary aluminium Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

379 150 488 666 356 000 402 480 137 000 825 803 129 500 82 043 217 000 1 090 000 241 000 3 947 000 163 000 40 177 456 500 93 000 54 100 25 000 186 000

6 817 163 924 600 334 000 432 472 165 150 780 853 141 900 92 838 * 200 000 1 201 000 261 000 3 992 000 162 840 75 300 408 400 111 000 56 400 7 000 213 000

54 890 159 660 — 349 000 410 413 165 050 802 827 99 600 74 813 86 300 1 110 900 249 000 4 024 000 160 662 83 300 386 395 129 000 43 700 — 60 000

53 290 157 191 — 343 000 492 368 169 480 736 429 — 47 951 81 000 1 154 900 250 000 3 724 000 163 000 84 035 * 250 000 131 000 32 200 — 45 000

50 357 131 238 — 415 000 530 700 173 260 748 949 — 42 767 800 1 250 000 263 000 3 488 000 168 000 * 84 000 * 230 000 113 000 30 400 — 41 000

76 000 352 818 — 551 000 18 000 807 000

69 000 353 904 35 000 562 000 15 000 810 000

52 000 393 696 38 000 562 000 22 000 665 000

75 000 318 459 36 600 562 000 2 000 822 000

93 000 307 000 38 100 568 000 — 745 000

Canada USA

2 963 210 1 725 700

2 987 964 1 986 000

2 780 556 2 070 300

2 967 364 1 946 000

2 858 238 1 710 400

Argentina Brazil Venezuela

416 509 1 536 200 353 658

420 299 1 440 400 330 000

412 692 1 436 400 203 000

434 758 1 304 100 171 717

442 719 962 000 138 334

850 700 16 244 100 1 621 033 253 300 282 000 4 700 227 000 60 000 367 000 125 177 — 348 845 1 400 000

881 310 18 134 700 1 654 156 246 300 329 000 4 700 249 000 188 100 373 000 468 789 — 278 364 1 750 000

890 200 20 251 000 1 720 427 253 000 337 000 4 500 249 000 121 900 360 000 627 971 — 272 506 1 814 000

912 700 23 155 400 1 516 165 255 300 350 000 3 000 250 159 * 290 000 354 000 634 351 187 000 216 369 1 845 000

931 427 27 517 400 1 597 580 264 500 286 500 500 207 849 440 000 364 000 612 000 665 000 121 000 2 296 000

1 928 000 344 000

1 944 858 357 000

1 864 184 325 000

1 777 408 324 000

1 704 286 327 000

41 500 000

44 700 000

46 200 000

48 600 000

53 000 000

Azerbaijan Bosnia & Herzegovina Croatia France Germany Greece Iceland Italy Montenegro Netherlands Norway Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Cameroon Egypt (a) Ghana Mozambique Nigeria South Africa

Bahrain China India (b) Indonesia Iran (c) Japan Kazakhstan Malaysia Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Tajikistan United Arab Emirates Australia New Zealand World total

Notes (1) The figures in this table are for primary aluminium only. Aluminium can also be produced from secondary sources and may be recovered from salt slags (a) Years ended 30 June of that stated (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) Years ended 20 March following that stated

4   

Mine production of antimony

tonnes (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Russia Turkey

6 039 1 403

6 348 2 340

* 6 400 7 119

* 6 520 4 512

* 6 500 * 4 500

Morocco South Africa

1 696 2 257

1 570 2 391

710 3 044

* 1 000 2 332

* 1 000 816

100 — 98

100 — 105

100 62 169

177 159 294

5 — 271

4 980

3 947

5 081

5 053

4 186

Burma China Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Laos Pakistan (a) Tajikistan Thailand Vietnam

* 4 700 129 831 840 842 265 25 8 500 705 243

* 5 600 123 900 800 892 728 — 6 642 442 286

* 5 900 135 600 600 924 521 12 6 645 672 480

* 7 400 152 100 900 900 804 89 7 307 488 990

* 3 300 * 120 000 800 2 450 620 127 6 500 706 1 074

Australia (a)

707

1 751

1 950

3 277

3 828

163 000

158 000

176 000

194 000

157 000

Canada Guatemala Mexico Bolivia

World total

Notes (1) This table includes antimony content of antimonial lead alloys (2) In addition to the countries listed, antimony may be produced in Honduras but available information is insufficient to make a reliable estimate. (a) Years ended 30 June of that stated

Production of white arsenic

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Belgium Portugal Russia

* 1 000 * 15 * 1 500

* 1 000 * 15 * 1 500

* 1 000 * 15 * 1 500

* 1 000 *— * 1 500

* 1 000 *— * 1 500

Morocco

13 731

8 154

8 820

8 968

* 8 800

Bolivia

155

99

104

120

52

China Japan

* 25 000 * 40

* 25 000 * 45

* 26 000 * 45

* 25 000 * 45

* 25 000 * 45

Notes (1) This table includes calculated trioxide equivalent of arsenic metal produced except where this would involve double counting

5   

Production of asbestos

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 1 000 000

* 1 000 000

* 1 000 000

* 1 000 000

* 1 050 000

Zimbabwe Chrysotile

2 031

—

30

377

* 380

Canada Chrysotile

* 100 000

* 50 000

*—

*—

*—

341 302 257

105 306 320

102 304 568

* 100 290 825

* 100 311 230

China India Amphibole (a) Kazakhstan

* 400 000

* 440 000

* 420 000

* 420 000

* 400 000

268 214 100

276 223 200

389 241 000

227 243 300

* 200 213 100

World total

2 000 000

2 000 000

2 000 000

2 000 000

2 000 000

Russia

Argentina Brazil

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, asbestos may also be produced in Afghanistan, North Korea, Romania and Slovakia. (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated

6   

Production of barytes Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Georgia Germany Italy Portugal Russia Slovakia Spain Turkey United Kingdom

57 500 — 55 887 * 3 500 15 * 64 000 17 000 2 050 172 618 34 099

13 200 — 55 342 * 3 500 — * 64 000 13 000 — 250 786 31 000

28 — — 52 030 * 3 500 — * 64 000 21 000 — * 250 000 30 000

— 1 000 — 45 446 * 3 500 — * 64 000 24 000 — * 250 000 * 30 000

— 20 000 500 70 665 * 3 500 — * 45 000 21 000 — * 340 000 * 44 000

Algeria Egypt Morocco Nigeria Tunisia Zimbabwe

42 254 3 600 572 429 10 749 — —

36 500 * 4 000 769 504 * 11 000 5 700 —

36 000 * 4 000 1 021 400 * 11 000 * 5 700 —

30 250 3 821 1 094 500 * 11 000 * 5 700 300

56 829 * 4 000 1 006 600 * 11 000 * 5 700 200

Canada Guatemala Mexico USA (a)

22 000 11 143 225 662 000

22 000 334 134 727 710 000

22 000 91 139 997 666 000

25 000 343 119 402 * 700 000

25 000 43 130 914 * 720 000

2 858 7 845 41 385 * 2 000 52 275

5 053 21 297 7 039 * 2 000 86 790

* 4 200 20 400 3 025 * 2 000 79 451

* 4 200 30 476 *— 2 039 52 491

* 4 200 26 240 *— * 2 000 106 071

* 1 000 14 119 3 900 000 2 338 806 326 275 358 000 17 500 1 000 57 166 30 000 33 465 90 000

500 32 183 4 300 000 1 776 980 271 454 466 000 12 400 — 31 836 30 000 67 703 90 000

300 21 539 4 400 000 1 789 431 314 769 590 000 23 000 — 48 510 32 000 64 499 90 000

400 31 295 3 500 000 1 136 814 435 798 530 200 27 000 500 118 471 30 000 107 437 90 000

500 23 060 4 100 000 1 438 670 * 440 000 200 000 46 000 — 132 433 32 000 134 961 100 000

16 529

10 569

10 273

13 176

14 676

9 100 000

9 300 000

9 800 000

8 500 000

9 300 000

Argentina Bolivia Brazil (b) Colombia Peru Afghanistan Burma (c) China India (c) Iran (d) Kazakhstan Laos Malaysia Pakistan (e) Saudi Arabia Thailand Vietnam Australia World total

Notes (1) This table may include small quantities of witherite (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Sold or used by producers Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated

7   

Production of bentonite and fuller's earth Country Armenia Bentonite Azerbaijan Bentonite Bosnia & Herzegovina Bentonite (a) Bulgaria Bentonite Cyprus Bentonite Czech Republic Bentonite Denmark Bentonite France Bentonite Germany Bentonite Greece Bentonite Hungary Bentonite Italy Bentonite Macedonia Bentonite Poland Bentonite Romania Bentonite Russia Bentonite Slovakia Bentonite Slovenia Bentonite Spain Bentonite Attapulgite Sepiolite Turkey Bentonite Sepiolite Ukraine Bentonite Algeria Bentonite Egypt Bentonite (b) Kenya Bentonite Malawi Bentonite Morocco Bentonite Fuller's earth (c) Mozambique Bentonite Senegal Attapulgite South Africa Bentonite Attapulgite

8   

tonnes (metric)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1 397

835

4 987

15 387

798

18 100

20 679

36 700

91 958

76 512

314

—

—

18 808

80 952

99 700

53 900

77 900

—

*—

162 969

160 625

160 180

158 386

140 174

183 000

160 000

221 000

226 000

301 000

23 832

38 300

30 330

56 355

66 388

25 000

20 000

28 000

25 000

20 000

362 623

375 332

366 220

358 844

394 657

844 804

1 250 000

1 235 110

1 200 000

1 000 000

17 200

22 931

1 392

7 397

* 10 500

104 279

112 811

95 757

20 129

20 658

7 084

8 918

2 355

18 520

11 691

2 000

910

780

1 050

650

21 637

19 864

19 241

24 127

18 583

* 460 000

* 460 000

* 460 000

* 460 000

* 460 000

153 000

213 000

177 000

184 000

205 000

135

168

98

143

199

157 001 27 841 557 862

110 371 26 021 566 270

96 605 23 537 622 372

102 726 26 764 599 352

* 100 000 * 26 800 555 581

718 260 * 10 000

471 528 * 10 000

1 033 568 * 10 000

622 872 * 10 000

* 620 000 * 10 000

185 000

211 000

219 000

* 219 000

* 219 000

34 126

29 000

26 000

27 670

31 510

33 132

17 709

4 594

2 523

* 2 000

65

70

75

80

* 80

2 100

2 450

—

—

—

110 703 82 570

97 071 103 682

91 200 81 800

105 240 59 000

98 757 * 60 000

459

493

1 459

* 1 500

* 1 500

204 300

179 900

180 500

234 600

191 400

82 341 57 606

120 417 14 448

120 566 15 850

177 187 21 233

169 591 18 376

Production of bentonite and fuller's earth

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Canada Bentonite (d)

4 542

2 266

2 015

3 451

2 083

228

1 244

668

335

700

22 423

12 270

16 183

18 377

38 368

590 998 170 350

563 795 107 436

956 224 227 496

617 632 301 462

* 620 000 * 300 000

4 630 000 2 050 000

4 950 000 1 950 000

4 980 000 1 980 000

4 350 000 1 990 000

* 4 660 000 * 2 070 000

229 301

236 125

193 795

* 200 000

* 200 000

531 693

566 267

512 975

434 000

* 400 000

—

1 255

893

358

1 083

* 8 500

* 8 500

* 8 500

9 056

* 9 000

510

—

*—

*—

*—

44 266

27 534

22 977

47 743

37 375

430

1 210

5 530

8 974

7 800

* 3 400 000

* 3 500 000

* 3 500 000

* 3 500 000

* 3 500 000

* 761 000 * 5 700

* 1 157 000 * 5 600

* 1 240 000 * 5 600

* 1 567 000 * 5 600

* 1 372 000 * 5 600

* 6 500

* 6 500

* 7 000

* 6 000

* 6 000

350 208

377 398

430 231

502 155

* 500 000

6 127

6 452

6 530

6 288

* 6 300

* 430 000 * 110 000

* 425 000 * 110 000

* 420 000 * 110 000

* 400 000 * 110 000

* 400 000 * 110 000

88 255 83 476

94 987 46 623

88 543 57 787

80 188 51 309

71 850 54 001

34 596 6 440

30 840 6 774

16 520 9 942

26 077 11 715

40 650 10 862

1 475

2 087

2 699

3 329

3 369

130

55 220

81 000

150 000

* 150 000

* 40 000

* 40 000

* 40 000

* 40 000

* 40 000

* 20 000

* 20 000

* 20 000

* 20 000

* 20 000

* 126 600 * 10 000

* 72 000 * 8 000

* 82 100 * 10 000

* 105 900 10 543

* 66 300 10 176

1 216

—

2 263

762

* 750

15 100 000 3 400 000

16 100 000 3 100 000

17 100 000 3 300 000

16 200 000 3 400 000

16 200 000 3 400 000

Cuba Bentonite Guatemala Bentonite Mexico Bentonite Fuller's earth USA Bentonite (e) Fuller's earth (e) Argentina Bentonite Brazil Bentonite Chile Bentonite Colombia Bentonite Ecuador Bentonite Peru Bentonite Uruguay Bentonite China Bentonite India Bentonite (f) Fuller's earth (f) Indonesia Bentonite Iran Bentonite (g) Iraq Bentonite Japan Bentonite Fuller's earth Korea (Rep. of) Bentonite Fuller's earth Pakistan Bentonite (b) Fuller's earth (b) Philippines Bentonite Thailand Bentonite Uzbekistan Bentonite Vietnam Bentonite Australia Bentonite (b) Fuller's earth New Zealand Bentonite World total bentonite World total fuller’s earth (a) See notes on following page

9   

Production of bentonite and fuller's earth Notes (1) Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (one of the smectite group of clay minerals) and occur in two main varieties, calcium bentonite, the most commonly occurring, and sodium bentonite, industrially the more important (2) Calcium bentonite can be converted to sodium bentonite by a sodium-exchange process (3) In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, calcium bentonite is known as fuller's earth, a term which is also used to refer to attapulgite, a mineralogically distinct clay mineral but exhibiting similar properties (4) In addition to the countries listed, Algeria, France and Iran may produce fuller's earth (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

Including attapulgite and sepiolite Years ended 30 June of that stated Smectite Sales Sold or used by producers Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated

Production of beryl Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 12 57 *3

* 12 58 *1

* 16 58 *2

* 16 * 60 *2

* 16 * 60 *2

USA (b)

4 460

5 920

5 570

5 910

* 5 900

China

* 550

* 550

* 550

* 550

* 550

Madagascar (a) Mozambique Zambia

Notes (a) Includes ornamental and industrial products (b) Includes bertrandite ore, calculated as equivalent to beryl containing 11% beryllium oxide

Mine production of bismuth

tonnes (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Armenia Bulgaria Russia

3 *3 * 50

3 *3 * 45

4 *3 * 45

4 *3 * 45

4 *3 * 45

Canada Mexico

92 982

92 935

121 800

35 824

3 948

Bolivia China Japan (a) Vietnam

87 1 589 448 —

41 1 544 476 —

10 2 494 446 —

— 1 393 485 —

11 * 1 400 582 * 400

World total

3 300

3 100

3 900

2 800

3 400

Notes (1) The figures in this table are in some instances derived from reported bismuth content of refined and impure metal plus recoverable in ores and concentrates exported (2) Production for some countries may include bismuth produced from imported ores but it is thought that any resulting duplication is insignificant in the countries shown (a) Metal production

10   

Production of borates

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 400 000 2 504 249

* 400 000 2 729 849

* 400 000 1 814 725

* 250 000 1 748 231

* 300 000 * 1 750 000

* 1 200 000

* 1 250 000

* 1 300 000

* 1 300 000

* 1 300 000

622 968 109 922 503 609 292 855

648 806 138 767 491 421 —

* 660 000 142 532 449 572 104 072

* 670 000 157 338 582 074 224 454

* 740 000 151 799 591 519 239 725

* 200 000 * 500 * 30 000

* 200 000 1 044 * 30 000

* 200 000 2 500 * 30 000

* 320 000 2 330 * 30 000

* 330 000 * 2 300 * 30 000

Russia Turkey USA (a) Argentina Bolivia Chile Peru China Iran (b) Kazakhstan Notes (a) Sold or used by producers (b) Years ended 20 March following that stated

Production of bromine Country

kilograms 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 3 500 000 1 500 000 * 4 100 000

* 3 500 000 1 600 000 * 4 100 000

* 3 500 000 1 600 000 * 4 100 000

* 3 500 000 1 500 000 * 4 100 000

* 3 500 000 1 500 000 * 3 500 000

USA (a)

* 230 000 000

* 225 000 000

* 225 000 000

* 225 000 000

* 225 000 000

China India (b) Israel Japan Jordan

* 150 000 000 1 587 000 184 696 000 * 25 000 000 * 50 000 000

* 150 000 000 1 572 160 202 313 000 * 25 000 000 * 50 000 000

* 100 000 000 1 773 010 173 940 000 * 30 000 000 * 60 000 000

* 110 000 000 2 131 260 172 341 000 * 30 000 000 * 80 000 000

* 110 000 000 2 196 270 173 796 000 * 30 000 000 * 100 000 000

650 000 000

663 000 000

600 000 000

629 000 000

649 000 000

Azerbaijan Germany Ukraine

World total

Notes (a) Elemental bromine sold as such or used in the preparation of bromine compounds by primary producers (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated

11   

Production of cadmium

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Armenia Bulgaria Germany Netherlands Norway Poland Russia Turkey

3 389 * 400 * 560 300 451 1 064 —

— 427 * 400 * 570 309 526 1 100 —

43 363 * 400 * 560 * 310 370 1 000 —

41 * 360 * 400 * 610 * 310 460 900 12

43 * 360 * 400 * 620 * 310 628 * 1 000 * 12

Canada (a) Mexico USA (a)

1 357 1 464 637

1 240 1 485 600

1 286 1 482 * 600

1 313 1 451 * 600

1 187 1 409 * 550

Argentina Brazil Peru

32 * 200 357

31 * 200 572

* 30 * 200 684

* 30 * 200 695

* 30 * 200 769

China India (b) Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of

7 363 550 2 053 1 407 4 166 * 200

6 672 449 1 755 1 278 3 005 * 200

7 265 391 1 856 1 166 3 904 * 200

7 496 228 1 821 1 335 3 904 * 200

* 7 600 * 200 1 851 1 633 5 645 * 200

Australia

* 350

* 390

* 380

* 380

* 380

23 300

21 200

22 500

22 700

25 000

World total

Notes (1) Data in this table excludes secondary metal unless otherwise stated (a) Including cadmium sponge and/or secondary metal (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated

12   

Production of chromium ores and concentrates

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Albania Finland Kosovo Russia Turkey

334 467 598 000 — 699 000 2 461 314

330 938 692 527 — 662 000 2 281 981

365 749 425 217 2 860 552 000 3 295 398

529 592 981 752 8 950 360 000 4 140 655

678 803 1 034 750 12 700 * 360 000 * 4 100 000

(a) 134 500 10 871 095 56 823 516 776

(a) 66 700 10 721 360 64 130 599 079

110 000 11 310 223 18 300 408 476

58 100 13 644 699 30 870 355 142

53 657 14 037 722 * 60 000 408 422

520 129

542 512

472 501

485 951

456 096

* 4 500 * 220 000 4 325 699 350 000 5 092 000 865 400 * 540 000 14 807 * 58 600

* 4 500 * 220 000 2 923 435 417 554 5 059 000 616 700 * 450 000 25 483 * 24 900

4 678 * 220 000 2 833 895 411 566 5 233 000 554 800 * 500 000 36 628 * 1 800

5 040 * 220 000 2 852 854 344 169 5 255 000 787 700 * 490 000 26 164 * 24 800

* 4 500 * 220 000 1 681 370 * 350 000 5 410 700 751 200 * 350 000 47 056 *—

181 200

323 800

452 300

355 200

—

27 800 000

26 000 000

27 200 000

31 000 000

30 000 000

Madagascar South Africa Sudan Zimbabwe Brazil Afghanistan China India (b) Iran (c)(d) Kazakhstan Oman Pakistan Philippines (c) Vietnam Australia World total

Notes (a) Exports (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) Including foundry sand and/or lumpy ore (d) Years ended 20 March following that stated

13   

Production of coal Country Albania Lignite Bosnia & Herzegovina Brown coal & lignite Bulgaria Lignite Brown coal Czech Republic Bituminous Brown coal Georgia Germany Anthracite & Bituminous Brown coal Greece Lignite Hungary Lignite Brown coal Kosovo Lignite Macedonia Lignite Montenegro Lignite Norway Bituminous (a) Poland Bituminous Lignite Romania Anthracite & Bituminous Lignite Brown coal Russia Serbia Bituminous Lignite (b) Brown coal Slovakia Lignite Brown coal Slovenia Lignite Brown coal Spain Anthracite Bituminous Sub-bituminous Turkey Anthracite Bituminous Lignite Ukraine Bituminous Lignite United Kingdom Bituminous (c) Botswana Congo, Democratic Republic Bituminous Egypt (d) Ethiopia Lignite Malawi Mozambique Bituminous

14   

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

3 000

100

—

—

—

10 976 163

12 738 225

12 311 623

11 764 827

11 673 320

27 148 300 2 321 200

34 496 200 2 743 500

31 040 700 2 556 700

26 459 300 2 301 500

29 129 000 2 200 000

11 193 000 43 931 000 267 664

10 967 000 46 848 000 352 872

10 796 000 43 710 000 424 998

8 610 000 40 585 000 404 187

8 341 000 38 348 000 374 143

14 110 000 169 402 544

12 960 000 176 502 048

11 558 000 185 432 000

8 260 000 182 995 337

8 340 000 178 177 703

53 600 000

58 400 000

62 334 800

55 000 000

50 411 000

8 202 859 813 403

8 800 783 699 129

8 438 000 875 944

8 834 000 718 700

8 918 000 636 000

7 958 090

8 212 103

8 028 397

8 219 393

7 204 211

6 583 074

7 902 084

7 309 546

6 633 560

6 469 819

1 937 847

1 972 671

1 706 302

1 692 535

1 655 045

1 685 000

1 640 000

1 325 000

2 135 000

1 701 000

76 727 802 56 510 125

76 447 604 62 841 269

79 854 904 64 297 772

68 399 000 66 139 000

65 969 000 64 002 000

— 28 774 244 62 448 317 000 000

2 121 574 33 779 130 46 071 334 000 000

1 876 062 31 529 377 17 700 354 000 000

1 839 667 22 902 291 — 347 000 000

1 619 347 23 144 539 — 356 000 000

108 000 37 562 840 193 492

134 000 40 467 132 349 861

141 000 37 707 017 316 507

160 000 39 752 741 340 892

121 000 29 340 000 354 000

176 000 2 026 000

124 000 1 989 000

136 000 1 964 000

179 000 2 009 000

166 000 1 885 000

4 010 930 419 466

4 066 278 435 800

3 967 064 314 262

3 721 188 50 744

3 108 203 —

3 266 041 2 776 918 2 443 677

4 032 683 1 774 992 2 358 372

2 514 649 1 823 343 1 826 680

759 930 1 814 328 1 870 569

1 263 585 1 931 807 1 347 849

6 312 137 * 3 000 000 86 943 392

5 619 316 3 542 223 79 968 510

3 358 843 3 502 009 75 036 558

* 3 100 000 2 789 338 * 75 000 000

* 3 100 000 * 2 800 000 * 75 000 000

54 952 000 * 175 000

62 661 000 * 175 000

65 705 000 * 175 000

64 427 000 * 175 000

45 230 000 * 175 000

18 347 000

18 552 000

16 967 000

12 767 000

11 648 000

988 240

787 729

1 454 724

1 495 653

1 711 555

133 400 109 884

143 335 233 283

132 449 * 250 000

* 132 000 293 214

* 132 000 * 300 000

* 20 000 79 186

* 20 000 83 146

* 20 000 70 552

* 20 000 * 71 000

* 20 000 * 71 000

38 260

648 220

4 900 000

* 5 500 000

* 8 500 000

Production of coal Country Niger Nigeria Sub-bituminous South Africa Anthracite Bituminous Swaziland Anthracite Tanzania Bituminous Zimbabwe Bituminous Canada Bituminous Sub-bituminous Lignite Mexico Bituminous USA Anthracite (e) Bituminous (e) Sub-bituminous Lignite Argentina Bituminous Brazil Bituminous & lignite (f) Chile Bituminous Lignite Colombia Bituminous Peru Anthracite & Bituminous Venezuela Bituminous Afghanistan Bituminous Bangladesh (d) Bhutan Burma (g) China India Bituminous (g) Lignite (g) Indonesia Anthracite & Bituminous Iran Bituminous (h) Kazakhstan Bituminous Lignite Korea (Rep. of) Anthracite Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kyrgyzstan Laos Malaysia Mongolia Nepal Sub-bituminous (i) Pakistan (j)(d) Philippines Bituminous

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

246 558

246 016

235 072

241 792

255 936

44 148

38 100

31 750

* 31 000

* 31 000

2 073 889 255 131 918

2 553 635 250 203 209

3 005 136 255 570 657

3 621 283 252 660 850

3 516 573 257 881 954

145 903

121 050

152 284

257 090

177 931

179 500

82 856

78 672

84 772

246 128

2 668 183

2 562 054

1 593 600

3 114 200

5 782 600

33 704 000 23 927 000 10 264 000

34 621 000 22 762 000 9 731 000

35 374 000 21 625 000 9 496 000

38 283 000 21 657 000 8 969 000

34 550 000 24 968 000 9 500 000

16 318 120

20 967 630

16 276 556

15 717 587

16 058 000

1 633 000 444 074 000 467 027 000 70 943 000

2 082 940 454 054 000 441 167 731 73 440 875

2 148 000 440 321 000 436 395 960 71 602 574

* 2 100 000 * 440 000 000 * 435 000 000 * 72 000 000

* 2 100 000 * 440 000 000 * 435 000 000 * 72 000 000

140 000

178 000

* 160 000

* 150 000

* 150 000

5 611 467

5 985 489

6 440 998

8 009 895

7 696 154

106 018 512 775

131 430 522 672

141 120 570 594

144 313 2 758 131

* 145 000 * 4 000 000

74 350 133

85 803 229

89 024 321

85 496 062

88 577 980

91 960

164 392

226 908

211 885

229 213

2 630 820

2 611 463

1 910 801

1 229 309

687 682

* 12 500 730 866 87 814 235 743 3 428 000 000

12 600 666 635 148 244 355 693 3 764 000 000

14 500 861 072 98 731 471 022 3 945 000 000

16 000 854 804 77 743 380 272 3 974 000 000

18 000 942 796 121 891 386 732 3 874 000 000

532 694 000 37 733 000

539 950 000 42 332 000

556 402 000 46 453 000

563 085 000 44 275 000

541 180 000 43 370 000

275 164 196

353 270 937

385 899 100

377 846 727

402 551 854

* 2 500 000

2 499 495

2 819 792

* 2 800 000

* 2 800 000

103 646 000 7 283 000

108 081 000 8 368 000

112 780 000 7 748 000

113 349 000 6 511 000

107 669 100 6 893 500

2 083 972 * 41 000 000 575 000 501 600 2 397 340 25 161 900

2 084 474 * 41 000 000 830 700 511 700 2 915 788 32 029 700

2 094 000 41 492 000 1 163 900 510 100 2 951 124 28 561 000

1 814 000 * 42 000 000 1 407 900 * 510 000 2 907 963 29 163 600

1 746 000 * 42 000 000 1 777 400 * 510 000 2 667 764 * 29 164 000

11 799 3 535 828

13 165 3 291 617

10 904 3 178 986

14 084 2 813 079

8 151 3 140 439

6 650 357

6 881 474

7 348 647

* 7 349 000

* 7 349 000

15   

Production of coal Country Tajikistan Thailand Lignite Uzbekistan Bituminous Lignite Vietnam Anthracite Australia Bituminous (k) Brown coal (d) New Zealand Bituminous Sub-bituminous Lignite World total

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

199 700

236 400

412 000

515 600

878 100

18 399 399

21 324 406

18 652 557

18 110 763

17 991 362

197 766 3 101 665

59 874 3 783 867

232 239 3 803 825

* 230 000 * 3 800 000

* 230 000 * 3 800 000

44 835 000

46 611 000

42 083 000

41 193 900

41 700 000

357 000 000 68 751 000

349 624 000 66 733 000

380 734 000 69 124 000

411 313 000 59 854 000

432 261 000 * 60 000 000

2 597 400 2 438 200 294 900

2 330 400 2 294 200 320 100

2 276 300 2 324 000 325 900

2 279 300 2 055 700 290 400

1 948 000 1 727 700 316 700

7 443 000 000

7 935 000 000

8 200 000 000

8 190 000 000

8 085 000 000

Notes (1) There is no international agreement as to the separate definition of lignite and brown coal. In some cases they are distinguished. Elsewhere both may be aggregated under one or other term (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)

16   

Spitzbergen: not including production from mines controlled by Russia Excluding production in Kosovo Including anthracite Years ended 30 June of that stated Includes a small amount of refuse recovery Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 15 July of that shown Including lignite Including sub-bituminous

Mine production of cobalt

tonnes (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Finland Russia (a)

* 140 2 460

480 2 337

* 1 381 2 186

2 061 2 368

2 104 2 302

272 97 693 — 1 582 1 680 568 5 134 58

149 99 475 — 1 518 862 673 5 956 174

195 86 433 493 1 314 1 102 556 5 665 121

248 76 593 2 083 1 353 1 294 181 5 658 318

196 76 475 2 915 1 391 1 332 — 4 317 359

Canada Cuba

4 636 3 706

6 836 3 853

6 676 3 792

7 168 3 319

6 574 3 210

Brazil

3 139

3 623

2 900

3 500

* 3 500

6 382 * 1 600 * 1 500

6 843 * 3 200 * 1 500

7 498 * 3 600 2 269

8 580 * 4 700 2 126

8 500 329 4 094

4 838 1 735 —

4 275 2 404 —

5 411 2 631 473

6 855 3 080 1 224

6 252 * 3 000 1 798

137 000

144 000

135 000

133 000

129 000

Botswana Congo, Democratic Republic Madagascar Morocco (a) South Africa (a) Uganda (a) Zambia (a) Zimbabwe

China Indonesia Philippines Australia (b) New Caledonia Papua New Guinea World total

Notes (1) There is frequently a considerable disparity between the cobalt content of ore raised and cobalt actually recovered (2) Figures in this table relate where possible to cobalt recovered. The principal exceptions to this are Brazil and New Caledonia, the figures for which relate to cobalt in ore raised (a) Metal (b) Years ended 30 June of that stated

17   

Production of cobalt metal

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Belgium (a) Finland France Norway Russia

2 600 9 429 302 3 208 2 460

3 187 10 627 354 3 067 2 337

4 200 10 562 326 2 969 2 186

5 415 10 798 308 3 348 2 368

5 850 12 551 219 3 582 2 302

Congo, Democratic Republic (b) Madagascar Morocco South Africa (c) Uganda Zambia

4 182 — 1 582 840 568 5 134

3 083 — 1 518 862 673 5 956

2 999 — 1 314 1 102 556 5 665

3 000 2 083 1 353 1 294 291 5 658

3 300 2 915 1 391 1 332 — 4 317

Canada (d)

4 711

6 038

5 994

4 733

3 790

Brazil

1 369

1 614

1 750

1 871

1 350

China (a) India Japan

35 929 1 187 1 935

34 969 1 300 2 007

29 784 580 2 542

36 062 295 2 747

39 292 100 3 654

Australia

4 117

4 722

4 769

4 981

5 419

79 600

82 300

77 300

86 600

91 400

World total

Notes (1) In addition to the production listed above, several countries, including the United Kingdom, Finland and France, are known to produce substantial amounts of cobalt compounds (a) (b) (c) (d)

18   

Some metal production in China is recorded in Belgium Excludes white alloy and matte which are believed to be further processed in Belgium and elsewhere Includes metal and metal contained in sulphate Including oxides

Mine production of copper

tonnes (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria (a) Cyprus Finland Georgia Macedonia Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey

2 672 31 062 183 112 904 2 595 14 700 10 600 7 912 425 725 74 426 5 127 702 700 22 800 22 54 335 76 514 79 900

4 379 33 597 611 114 603 3 660 14 000 10 000 7 555 426 665 79 686 6 355 713 100 26 100 28 68 511 82 967 92 500

5 691 40 908 502 118 255 4 328 25 446 6 800 9 506 427 064 74 043 5 902 * 720 000 32 200 31 97 452 82 422 104 300

5 087 48 891 327 115 149 3 631 38 763 10 000 9 802 428 879 77 236 6 700 * 720 000 36 200 40 104 600 82 904 120 500

3 503 50 952 784 108 300 3 088 42 790 6 800 8 187 421 700 75 433 7 200 * 720 000 33 739 46 103 900 79 681 122 000

Botswana Congo, Democratic Republic Eritrea Mauritania Morocco Namibia South Africa Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

48 026 378 300 — 36 969 14 986 — 102 600 6 400 767 008 4 629

31 929 499 198 — 35 281 12 076 3 366 96 600 6 748 739 759 6 555

35 768 619 942 — 37 670 17 700 5 304 88 800 5 840 699 020 6 665

48 500 922 016 21 800 37 970 * 13 900 4 896 80 821 5 740 763 805 8 285

47 700 1 065 744 88 900 33 079 16 579 5 249 78 697 6 363 710 700 8 261

Canada Dominican Republic Mexico USA

522 172 10 015 270 136 1 110 000

566 779 11 777 443 621 1 110 000

580 082 11 737 500 275 1 170 000

652 595 10 379 480 124 1 250 000

695 513 9 262 515 025 1 370 000

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru

140 300 2 100 213 548 5 418 900 711 700 1 247 184

116 700 4 176 213 760 5 262 800 808 1 400 1 235 345

135 700 8 700 223 141 5 433 900 781 1 800 1 298 761

109 600 7 549 270 979 5 776 000 659 2 600 1 375 641

102 600 10 746 239 900 5 749 600 3 991 3 200 1 379 626

Burma China India (b) Indonesia Iran Kazakhstan Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kyrgyzstan Laos Mongolia Oman Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia Uzbekistan Vietnam

* 10 000 1 155 800 31 778 862 500 256 700 380 600 * 4 600 — 132 047 127 600 16 530 * 19 900 58 412 1 603 * 80 000 12 260

* 8 000 1 271 900 31 375 538 300 258 900 405 300 * 4 400 — 138 756 124 000 21 166 * 20 000 63 835 1 954 * 80 000 11 888

* 14 000 1 551 500 29 355 398 100 245 500 426 800 * 6 600 — 149 580 123 900 19 684 * 23 900 65 444 2 150 * 80 000 12 716

* 18 000 1 681 300 33 071 509 300 222 900 454 400 * 5 500 — 154 915 189 000 10 906 * 20 700 90 861 * 3 000 * 80 000 12 946

* 27 000 1 635 000 26 686 377 100 216 800 471 700 * 4 600 7 000 159 696 252 000 13 699 * 17 700 91 922 * 9 000 * 80 000 * 16 500

Australia Papua New Guinea

871 000 159 821

959 474 130 456

920 898 125 348

1 000 999 121 571

969 540 75 901

16 100 000

16 200 000

16 800 000

18 300 000

18 400 000

World total

Notes (a) Metal content of ore (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated

19   

Smelter production of copper Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Armenia Bulgaria Finland Germany Norway Poland Russia Serbia Spain Sweden Turkey

7 644 247 300 120 528 378 700 36 200 469 656 647 100 20 000 259 119 141 500 * 25 000

8 876 283 800 124 360 335 000 36 000 481 875 652 200 28 200 260 730 161 500 * 30 600

10 075 269 100 129 256 352 400 37 891 466 715 633 200 36 800 270 200 151 100 * 35 500

10 771 294 000 135 840 295 200 37 461 458 789 650 000 41 300 212 000 140 400 * 35 800

9 814 305 000 146 542 351 100 35 813 503 111 884 400 40 898 294 100 150 000 * 35 100

Namibia South Africa Zambia (a)

23 141 75 900 535 000

34 365 82 400 520 000

27 767 62 300 519 200

24 354 69 700 520 300

35 042 58 500 525 800

Canada Mexico USA

318 006 168 861 601 200

304 724 231 700 538 400

287 051 260 900 485 300

254 509 220 800 516 500

288 699 250 000 * 522 000

Brazil Chile Peru

208 800 1 559 800 312 968

223 500 1 522 300 299 004

175 700 1 342 400 290 088

257 000 1 358 300 412 966

238 900 1 356 200 314 615

China India Indonesia Iran Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Oman Pakistan (b) Philippines Uzbekistan Vietnam

2 825 600 653 900 262 700 188 200 1 356 289 354 000 475 900 * 10 000 8 815 18 121 216 200 * 90 000 * 6 000

3 036 700 671 200 276 200 185 200 1 173 275 350 100 449 200 * 10 000 7 515 15 672 205 000 * 90 000 * 8 000

3 601 400 695 400 198 400 179 400 1 274 690 341 700 477 300 * 10 000 721 20 201 97 000 * 90 000 * 8 000

4 228 900 617 000 217 700 154 600 1 261 348 325 600 478 800 * 10 000 4 200 15 285 160 000 * 90 000 * 9 700

6 497 000 766 000 236 900 232 500 1 323 500 283 900 620 000 * 10 000 * 5 000 28 923 153 200 * 100 000 * 9 700

410 000

442 190

422 398

445 520

468 468

13 000 000

13 100 000

13 300 000

14 000 000

17 100 000

Australia World total

Notes (1) This table shows primary metal in the form of blister and anode produced from concentrates, and may include copper produced from scrap but this is excluded when it can be separately identified (a) Including leach cathodes (b) Years ended 30 June of that stated

20   

Production of refined copper

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Finland Germany Italy Macedonia Norway Poland Russia Serbia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine

113 700 381 200 216 000 2 595 112 687 704 300 1 800 — 36 200 547 074 899 600 22 200 347 518 190 497 47 300 23 400

112 500 394 200 226 100 3 660 124 360 708 800 7 600 — 36 000 571 041 912 000 28 400 353 790 219 316 74 354 23 400

113 600 396 700 226 000 4 328 129 256 682 132 7 700 1 100 37 891 565 834 890 900 34 700 406 600 214 050 59 673 24 000

82 842 389 400 230 100 3 631 135 840 677 600 4 900 1 900 37 461 565 155 874 900 35 800 351 000 206 193 75 000 16 500

83 200 387 300 234 000 3 088 146 542 676 900 7 900 1 700 35 813 576 876 894 200 33 175 418 500 217 337 71 200 15 200

Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt South Africa Zambia Zimbabwe

258 600 * 4 000 81 129 767 000 4 500

354 800 * 4 000 86 166 739 800 4 400

453 400 * 4 000 66 416 700 100 5 000

642 600 * 4 000 75 400 629 200 * 5 000

742 000 * 4 000 57 700 709 500 * 5 000

Canada Mexico USA

319 619 247 300 1 094 800

273 761 403 100 1 029 300

275 990 376 900 1 001 000

321 511 355 100 1 040 000

325 352 390 400 1 050 000

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Peru

* 16 000 900 245 297 3 243 900 393 638

* 16 000 1 000 245 300 3 092 400 367 554

* 16 000 904 210 700 2 902 000 311 197

* 16 000 1 271 261 000 2 754 900 361 450

* 14 000 1 809 239 200 2 729 400 347 396

Burma China India (a) Indonesia Iran Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Laos Mongolia Oman Philippines Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam

* 7 000 4 540 300 512 124 277 500 219 800 1 548 688 323 368 564 600 * 15 000 64 241 2 746 8 815 176 000 529 82 500 * 6 000

* 4 000 5 163 100 504 677 274 900 235 000 1 328 288 338 524 595 447 * 15 000 78 859 2 389 7 515 164 100 459 90 000 * 8 000

* 8 000 5 879 100 493 519 197 200 213 000 1 516 354 367 161 591 000 * 15 000 86 295 2 282 721 98 400 486 * 90 000 * 8 000

* 10 000 6 490 100 644 193 214 300 188 000 1 468 123 350 837 604 000 * 15 000 90 030 2 598 4 200 153 000 203 * 90 000 * 9 700

* 18 000 7 644 000 765 569 231 800 * 190 000 1 554 224 294 808 604 000 * 15 000 88 541 2 132 * 5 000 130 000 — * 100 000 * 9 700

424 000

476 775

460 390

480 775

508 519

19 100 000

19 700 000

20 100 000

21 000 000

22 600 000

Australia World total

Notes (1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined copper, whether electrolytic or fire refined. Metal recovered from secondary materials by remelting alone is excluded (2) In addition to the countries listed, Albania and Colombia produce refined copper (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated

21   

Production of diamond Country

Carats 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Russia

34 856 600

35 139 800

34 927 650

37 884 140

38 303 500

Angola Botswana Cameroon (a) Central African Republic Congo Congo, Democratic Republic Ghana Guinea Ivory Coast Lesotho Liberia Namibia Sierra Leone South Africa Tanzania Togo Zimbabwe

8 362 139 22 019 000 * 6 000 301 558 381 242 16 964 000 308 679 374 096 — 108 827 22 018 1 521 625 437 552 8 870 967 80 498 96 8 435 224

8 328 519 22 903 000 * 6 000 323 576 76 548 19 249 057 283 369 235 400 — 224 180 39 866 1 344 932 355 890 7 046 644 40 691 71 8 502 648

8 330 996 20 478 000 * 5 000 365 917 51 588 19 154 000 215 118 266 800 — 478 926 34 271 1 667 000 532 560 7 245 403 127 174 456 12 060 163

8 601 695 22 597 000 * 5 000 (b) ... 56 495 16 653 000 159 074 202 365 — 414 013 44 334 1 776 290 604 740 8 168 113 179 633 24 10 411 818

8 791 340 24 658 000 * 6 000 (b) ... 53 163 14 663 000 241 235 164 059 1 074 346 017 79 747 * 1 941 000 517 454 8 060 373 252 875 23 4 771 637

Canada

11 773 000

10 795 000

10 529 215

10 561 600

12 082 000

25 394 49 920 2 099

45 536 52 273 —

46 292 40 763 —

49 166 63 961 —

56 923 99 950 —

China India (c)

* 1 100 000 11 222

* 1 100 000 18 490

* 1 100 000 31 988

* 1 100 000 37 515

* 1 100 000 36 110

Australia

9 998 000

7 561 487

8 625 996

11 481 749

9 288 118

126 000 000

123 700 000

126 300 000

131 100 000

125 500 000

Brazil Guyana Venezuela

World total

Notes (1) This table does not show production of synthetic diamond (2) So far as possible the amounts shown include estimates for illegal production (3) Production of diamond from Ivory Coast was under United Nations sanctions from 2004 until 2013. It is believed illegal production may have continued during this period but it is not possible to estimate the quantity involved (a) Including artisanal production (b) Currently under temporary suspension by the Kimberley Process and not trading in rough diamonds; however it is unclear whether production has actually stopped (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated

22   

Production of diatomite Country Armenia Czech Republic Denmark Moler (a) France Germany Hungary Poland Spain (b) Turkey Algeria Ethiopia (c) Kenya Mozambique Costa Rica Mexico USA (d) Argentina Brazil Chile Peru China Iran (e) Japan Korea (Rep. of) Saudi Arabia Thailand Vietnam Australia (f) New Zealand World total

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

31 101 32 000

29 232 46 000

29 148 43 000

19 376 49 000

19 300 34 000

124 000 * 75 000 49 306 1 197 1 000 64 346 18 448

126 000 * 75 000 52 698 1 309 580 83 624 45 187

111 000 * 85 000 50 036 1 229 600 60 777 86 403

128 125 * 85 000 51 435 456 600 53 713 84 751

118 750 * 90 000 54 277 * 500 590 59 619 * 85 000

2 231 4 104 224 123

2 000 * 4 000 713 48

2 000 * 5 000 1 731 541

2 124 * 5 000 1 054 * 550

2 426 * 5 000 168 * 550

29 900 91 710 595 000

8 700 84 231 813 000

— 84 537 735 000

— 87 463 782 000

— 87 849 * 800 000

54 467 9 300 30 925 18 886

60 651 4 415 22 938 54 163

55 000 3 427 23 021 93 786

* 55 000 1 947 27 092 124 917

* 55 000 * 1 900 31 000 151 398

* 400 000 ... * 110 000 2 200 * 1 000 7 100 * 10 000

* 440 000 ... * 100 000 5 150 * 1 000 38 130 * 10 000

* 420 000 1 956 * 100 000 6 000 * 1 000 8 500 * 10 000

* 420 000 4 167 * 90 000 34 000 * 1 000 — * 10 000

* 430 000 * 4 200 * 100 000 65 893 * 1 000 — * 10 000

* 13 000 95

* 12 000 —

* 12 000 —

* 21 000 4

* 13 000 43 624

1 777 000

2 121 000

2 031 000

2 140 000

2 265 000

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Georgia and Russia may produce diatomite (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Moler is an impure diatomite containing a large proportion of clay Including Tripoli Years ended 7 July of that stated Sold or used by producers Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated Production of diatomite

23   

Production of feldspar Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 80 000 388 000 28 013 * 650 000 350 000 23 050 * 4 700 000 23 188 56 000 513 700 169 722 6 049 * 160 000 253 — 691 894 22 000 6 281 597 146 016

* 80 000 407 000 26 292 * 600 000 350 000 10 200 * 4 700 000 25 032 25 271 538 800 187 159 3 814 * 160 000 23 586 — 662 418 30 000 7 076 068 178 614

* 80 000 445 000 43 124 * 600 000 350 000 13 000 * 4 700 000 17 168 — 487 200 167 287 4 112 * 160 000 19 927 — 530 238 27 000 7 076 068 146 286

* 80 000 411 000 47 636 * 550 000 * 350 000 — * 4 700 000 15 168 — 483 000 138 715 7 060 * 160 000 * 20 000 5 000 592 908 30 000 7 090 677 133 933

* 80 000 422 000 46 233 * 550 000 * 350 000 — * 4 700 000 18 076 154 * 485 000 136 440 7 570 * 160 000 * 20 000 6 000 * 600 000 27 000 7 609 692 94 506

Algeria Egypt Ethiopia (b) Morocco Nigeria South Africa Sudan

163 939 405 600 199 * 40 000 1 616 94 307 923

132 000 210 000 441 43 889 * 1 700 101 559 9 519

162 000 * 400 000 * 530 * 45 000 * 1 700 94 458 26 283

258 700 * 400 000 * 400 * 45 000 * 1 700 191 443 31 700

230 372 * 400 000 * 400 * 45 000 * 1 700 102 541 * 35 000

Cuba Guatemala Mexico USA

2 800 15 720 398 849 500 000

3 100 7 516 382 497 580 000

3 800 19 356 380 441 560 000

3 200 19 611 164 484 550 000

3 600 10 410 150 726 * 560 000

Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Uruguay Venezuela

217 213 276 448 7 723 * 85 000 156 888 3 589 — 57 760

216 721 333 352 7 563 * 85 000 130 498 11 645 — 76 726

273 896 247 152 6 399 * 60 000 152 590 26 359 — 85 115

* 270 000 294 357 3 874 46 195 210 142 22 695 4 91 054

* 270 000 * 300 000 4 233 * 46 000 183 259 * 23 000 300 88 051

* 2 100 000 546 472 * 20 000 652 020 * 110 000 496 511 455 497 54 198 15 882 42 300 75 405 20 641 900 * 4 300 * 200 000

* 2 100 000 835 526 * 18 000 576 643 104 109 384 221 379 629 23 254 22 050 44 000 53 337 50 1 041 152 * 4 300 * 200 000

* 2 100 000 1 459 008 * 19 000 500 000 * 100 000 360 413 482 906 53 235 24 969 227 000 87 318 40 1 100 619 * 4 300 * 200 000

* 2 100 000 1 412 518 * 19 000 580 000 * 105 000 343 241 314 399 38 218 30 388 160 000 96 043 15 1 072 656 * 4 300 * 200 000

* 2 100 000 * 1 750 000 * 19 000 * 600 000 * 100 000 528 958 376 646 81 858 34 232 168 000 * 96 000 5 1 413 428 * 4 300 * 200 000

* 103 000

* 94 000

* 108 000

* 73 000

* 73 000

22 236 000

23 298 000

24 238 000

23 968 000

25 313 000

Bulgaria Czech Republic Finland France Germany Greece Italy Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal (a) Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine

China India (c) Indonesia Iran (d) Japan (e) Korea (Rep. of) Malaysia Pakistan (f) Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia (f) World total See notes on following page

24   

Production of feldspar Notes (a) Includes feldspathic sand (b) Years ended 6 July of that stated (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated (d) Years ended 20 March following that stated (e) Including weathered granite feldspar (f) Years ended 30 June of that stated

Production of fluorspar Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

10 59 086 67 000 132 341 25 189 26 420

31 800 65 619 120 000 117 063 4 524 —

69 700 54 202 130 000 113 570 5 197 —

82 500 48 744 56 200 128 512 3 874 30 000

* 82 500 35 270 * 56 000 135 293 * 3 800 77 000

Egypt (a) Kenya Morocco Namibia South Africa

— 40 800 89 680 104 494 * 160 000

— 95 100 79 207 94 032 * 240 000

* 7 665 91 000 * 79 300 90 834 * 225 000

850 71 987 * 81 200 * 63 470 * 175 000

* 800 97 156 79 840 * 57 908 * 230 000

Mexico

1 067 386

1 206 907

1 237 091

1 210 477

1 109 721

17 657 24 447

25 099 25 040

35 874 24 148

* 35 000 27 712

* 35 000 * 25 000

China India (c) Iran (d) Kazakhstan Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Pakistan (a) Thailand Vietnam

4 780 000 7 544 * 70 000 * 66 000 * 12 500 * 4 000 367 000 222 30 487 * 4 000

6 550 000 5 010 55 976 * 66 000 * 12 500 * 4 000 404 000 4 756 5 093 * 4 000

* 6 550 000 3 092 * 60 000 * 66 000 * 12 500 * 4 000 428 900 6 866 9 602 * 4 000

* 5 000 000 2 486 70 000 * 66 000 * 12 500 * 4 000 337 800 * 7 000 * 9 600 * 4 000

* 3 600 000 * 1 000 * 70 000 * 66 000 * 12 500 * 4 000 * 338 000 * 7 000 * 9 600 * 37 000

World total

7 200 000

9 200 000

9 300 000

7 500 000

6 200 000

Bulgaria Germany Russia Spain Turkey United Kingdom

Argentina Brazil (b)

Notes (1) In addition, the USA produced the following amounts of fluorspar equivalent in fluorosilicic acid derived from processing phosphate rock ('000 t): 2010:128; 2011: 124; 2012: 130; 2013: 131; 2014: 131 (a) (b) (c) (d)

Years ended 30 June of that stated Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated

25   

Production of primary gallium

tonnes (metric)

Accurate data for gallium is difficult to obtain because it is produced only as a by-product of bauxite or zinc processing using proprietary techniques and the majority of producers do not report production figures. The leading producing countries are believed to be China, Germany and Ukraine, with smaller quantities produced in the Republic of Korea, Russia, Hungary and Japan. The following table provides the currently available information but this is incomplete. The United States Geological Survey estimates total world primary production as: 2010, 182 tonnes; 2011, 292 tonnes; 2012, 273 tonnes; 2013, 390 tonnes and 2014, 440 tonnes There is also believed to be significant production of refined gallium from scrap recycling, particularly in China, Japan, United Kingdom and USA.

tonnes (metric) Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Russia

13

* 13

* 13

* 13

* 13

Japan Kazakhstan

5 19

5 19

8 16

8 * 16

8 * 16

Production of germanium metal

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Finland Russia

12 *5

12 *5

16 *5

17 *5

17 *5

3

3

*3

*3

*3

* 100 *2

* 100 *2

* 100 *2

* 100 *2

* 100 *2

USA (a) China Japan

Notes (1) Germanium is also believed to be recovered from imported or domestic material in Belgium, Canada and Ukraine (a) Including production of secondary metal

26   

Mine production of gold Country

kilograms 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria Finland Georgia Greece Greenland Poland Romania Russia Serbia (a) Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom

1 780 2 092 4 489 5 896 * 3 100 — — 500 * 500 201 300 856 534 — 6 285 16 890 177

2 125 1 775 5 302 6 674 * 3 100 — 103 400 * 500 188 748 1 534 398 529 5 994 24 000 202

1 941 1 562 7 058 9 100 * 3 100 26 307 469 * 500 200 345 1 400 546 1 529 6 015 29 390 102

2 324 1 621 7 385 8 660 * 4 300 823 25 431 * 500 229 982 1 154 533 1 994 6 530 33 980 42

2 814 1 875 7 899 8 085 2 300 552 — 226 * 500 249 065 * 1 200 582 1 800 6 849 31 000 —

Algeria Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia (b) Gabon Ghana (c) Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Liberia Madagascar (c) Mali Mauritania Morocco (a) Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone South Africa Sudan Tanzania Togo Zambia (d) Zimbabwe

723 1 774 23 525 2 933 * 600 10 000 4 675 * 30 6 003 * 300 92 380 24 836 5 316 2 355 666 46 * 44 300 8 326 650 106 2 683 1 950 3 718 5 354 270 188 702 34 000 39 448 10 452 3 410 19 240

340 1 562 32 188 1 052 * 600 10 000 6 305 11 788 10 322 * 300 90 959 15 779 11 009 1 636 449 1 * 42 300 8 198 520 111 2 112 1 957 * 3 700 4 089 164 180 184 * 40 000 37 085 16 469 3 493 12 993

264 1 522 29 873 2 046 * 600 17 000 8 175 9 735 12 581 684 89 768 16 153 11 232 3 600 641 157 * 41 200 7 647 532 178 2 402 1 677 * 4 000 6 666 141 154 180 44 500 39 012 18 551 4 232 14 743

140 1 206 33 600 2 823 * 600 20 000 11 102 2 862 13 050 1 201 99 303 18 139 12 949 2 100 600 — * 46 200 9 518 463 180 2 036 1 041 * 4 000 6 445 96 159 724 70 000 43 390 21 086 5 207 14 001

80 958 37 200 1 000 * 600 36 000 11 734 840 10 340 1 012 98 528 15 660 * 17 000 0 535 — * 45 400 9 625 377 197 2 139 732 * 4 000 6 588 33 151 622 * 70 000 40 598 20 583 4 803 15 386

Canada Costa Rica Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama USA

102 693 * 300 533 9 213 2 200 79 376 4 877 1 667 231 249

102 624 * 500 495 11 898 1 893 88 649 6 395 2 057 233 925

107 486 — 4 106 6 473 1 859 102 802 6 981 2 208 234 623

133 636 — 26 084 6 386 1 985 119 774 8 612 1 120 228 234

152 105 — 35 081 6 142 2 762 117 771 8 648 — 210 076

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador French Guiana Guyana Peru

63 523 6 400 62 047 39 494 53 606 4 593 1 140 9 593 164 070

59 140 6 513 65 200 45 137 55 908 4 924 * 1 300 11 293 166 168

54 651 27 488 66 773 49 936 66 178 5 139 * 1 000 13 643 161 545

52 486 18 127 79 563 51 309 55 745 8 676 * 2 000 14 963 151 486

71 770 39 152 * 80 000 46 031 57 015 7 322 * 2 000 12 053 139 966

27   

Mine production of gold Country

kilograms 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

12 932 1 705 6 991

12 605 1 702 4 608

12 507 1 881 1 982

11 001 2 092 1 691

10 641 1 715 1 099

Burma (a) China (a) India (f) Indonesia Iran (f) Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Kyrgyzstan Laos Malaysia Mongolia Philippines Saudi Arabia Tajikistan Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam

* 100 340 880 2 399 119 726 * 350 8 223 30 272 235 18 500 5 138 3 766 6 037 40 847 4 400 2 049 5 300 * 90 000 1 034

* 100 360 960 2 194 76 764 915 8 692 38 247 209 18 900 3 984 4 219 5 703 31 120 4 611 2 240 5 568 * 91 000 1 333

787 403 050 1 588 69 291 1 179 7 232 42 561 336 10 600 6 415 4 625 5 995 15 762 4 285 2 400 4 895 * 90 000 1 508

893 428 163 1 564 59 804 1 656 7 411 * 47 000 413 19 400 6 838 3 823 8 904 17 248 4 158 2 670 4 419 * 90 000 1 681

* 900 451 799 1 322 69 023 1 760 7 114 * 42 040 284 17 800 5 265 4 308 19 959 18 423 4 789 * 3 400 4 576 * 102 000 164

Australia Fiji New Zealand Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands

260 000 1 903 12 240 66 901 130

259 052 1 572 11 738 62 271 1 588

251 654 1 439 10 049 55 839 2 109

268 262 1 218 12 468 56 035 1 826

273 963 1 196 11 989 52 882 603

2 660 000

2 660 000

2 730 000

2 920 000

3 020 000

Suriname Uruguay (e) Venezuela

World total

Notes (1) In several countries substantial amounts of gold produced in small operations are not recorded in the official statistics used when compiling this table (2) In addition to the countries listed, Benin, Central African Republic, Congo, Uganda, Oman and Taiwan produce less than 100 kg gold per year (3) In addition to the countries listed, Cambodia, El Salvador, Haiti, Macedonia, Malawi, Pakistan, Paraguay, Portugal, and South Sudan may produce gold. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

28   

Metal production Years ended 7 July of that stated In addition some gold produced by artisanal mining Contained in blister copper, refinery muds and electrolytic copper Year ended 30 November of the year stated Years ended 31 March following that stated

Production of graphite Country Austria (a) Bosnia & Herzegovina Germany Norway Romania Russia Turkey Ukraine Madagascar Zimbabwe Canada Mexico Brazil (c) China (d) India (a)(e) Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Pakistan (f) Sri Lanka World total

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

420 45 079 — 6 270 6 633 * 14 000 — 2 800

925 — — 7 789 — * 14 000 5 250 600

219 — 109 6 992 — * 14 000 31 500 4 600

* 500 — 269 6 207 — * 14 000 28 740 6 900

* 500 — 517 8 308 — * 14 000 * 28 500 13 800

3 654 741

3 951 7 252

(b) 3 500 7 022

(b) 6 100 6 934

(b) 5 700 6 853

* 20 000 6 628

* 20 000 7 348

* 20 000 7 520

* 20 000 7 024

* 20 000 9 160

92 364

105 188

88 110

91 908

78 460

* 1 800 000 115 697 34 * 10 000 950 3 437

* 1 800 000 153 339 — * 10 000 1 268 3 357

* 1 800 000 134 735 — * 10 000 912 4 173

* 1 800 000 146 009 — * 10 000 6 188 3 143

* 1 800 000 * 104 000 — * 10 000 13 773 * 3 100

2 100 000

2 100 000

2 100 000

2 200 000

2 100 000

Notes (1) This table includes all forms of amorphous and crystalline graphite but excludes synthetic material (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Crude Exports Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Including flake graphite Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated

29   

Production of Gypsum Country Albania Armenia Austria (a) Azerbaijan Bosnia & Herzegovina (a) Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic France (a) Germany (a) Greece (a) Hungary (a) Ireland, Republic of Italy (a) Latvia (a) Macedonia (a) Moldova (b) Norway (a)(c) Poland (a) Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia (a) Spain Switzerland Turkey Ukraine (a) United Kingdom Algeria Angola Egypt (a) Eritrea Ethiopia (a)(d) Kenya (a) Libya Madagascar Mauritania Morocco Niger South Africa Sudan Tanzania Tunisia Canada (a) Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua USA Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Paraguay Peru Afghanistan Bhutan Burma (e) China

30   

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 80 000 38 700 872 273 48 887 64 570 109 200 248 675 333 000 5 000 2 065 814 1 822 000 * 600 000 20 000 * 300 000 4 441 109 176 510 143 118 * 300 000 36 395 1 241 200 336 755 639 010 * 2 900 000 87 000 6 990 249 335 000 6 321 891 2 142 000 * 1 200 000

* 80 000 34 000 815 438 107 328 71 870 114 800 231 008 335 000 11 000 2 452 204 2 021 000 587 000 3 000 * 300 000 3 642 897 215 950 162 984 * 400 000 88 953 1 418 300 337 272 834 009 * 3 000 000 88 000 7 825 747 300 000 5 723 439 2 293 800 * 1 200 000

91 021 30 400 791 961 149 983 73 365 113 700 182 557 327 800 14 000 2 314 788 1 949 000 700 000 — * 200 000 3 200 920 252 714 157 844 375 900 85 296 1 395 400 321 988 765 251 * 3 100 000 88 000 6 359 923 297 000 8 248 446 2 185 800 * 1 200 000

126 349 28 700 635 299 169 028 73 300 119 100 114 450 315 000 11 000 2 189 971 1 778 000 760 000 — * 200 000 3 192 186 272 340 162 661 * 400 000 77 009 1 270 100 299 038 736 099 * 5 100 000 60 000 7 388 699 284 000 9 790 097 2 175 400 * 1 200 000

108 733 * 28 000 729 892 112 972 67 700 * 119 000 120 055 347 600 11 000 1 907 768 1 802 000 572 000 — * 300 000 8 551 200 * 280 000 156 492 * 400 000 79 740 1 231 900 328 730 815 586 * 5 300 000 65 000 * 7 000 000 242 000 * 9 800 000 1 525 300 * 1 200 000

1 609 605 * 200 000 734 983 * 1 000 41 000 5 500 * 250 000 127 65 245 * 600 000 7 559 1 026 620 31 000 26 918 435 000

1 800 000 * 200 000 941 753 * 1 000 46 000 6 520 * 125 000 * 130 72 153 * 600 000 6 058 476 118 31 000 38 659 * 435 000

2 000 000 * 200 000 966 250 * 1 000 46 000 6 653 * 150 000 * 130 * 75 000 * 600 000 600 558 242 117 073 91 610 * 435 000

2 077 700 * 200 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 42 452 * 6 500 * 200 000 * 130 * 100 000 * 600 000 1 755 559 443 132 000 171 567 * 435 000

2 130 459 * 200 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 * 42 000 * 6 500 * 200 000 * 130 * 100 000 * 600 000 — 376 223 * 140 000 200 179 * 435 000

2 717 000 111 300 85 880 58 924 * 5 500 147 143 6 477 590 20 330 10 200 000

2 555 000 131 400 61 161 77 009 * 5 500 79 521 6 463 861 29 710 10 500 000

2 550 000 131 000 185 890 99 628 * 5 500 64 753 9 456 478 34 890 15 800 000

2 654 000 87 100 144 178 117 619 * 5 500 48 322 7 903 159 36 500 16 300 000

1 811 000 97 800 243 098 81 885 * 10 000 45 201 * 8 500 000 46 570 * 17 100 000

1 346 535 556 2 638 096 758 011 * 200 000 4 400 313 025

1 469 447 600 3 228 931 917 759 * 200 000 * 4 500 479 950

1 432 517 645 3 749 860 799 064 * 200 000 * 4 500 390 705

* 1 450 000 1 223 3 332 991 1 015 158 * 200 000 * 4 500 297 527

* 1 500 000 * 1 000 * 3 300 000 843 490 395 651 * 4 500 * 300 000

* 1 000 344 034 76 391 * 37 000 000

1 000 352 234 77 413 * 37 000 000

2 000 313 173 38 579 * 37 000 000

2 500 351 420 60 510 * 37 000 000

3 000 414 148 104 994 * 37 000 000

Production of Gypsum Country India (e)(f) Indonesia Iran (g) Iraq Israel Jordan Kazakhstan Laos Mongolia Oman Pakistan (h) Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Gypsum Anhydrite Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen, Republic of Australia (h) World total

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

4 924 906 * 7 000 11 913 979 8 276 733 99 730 292 340 * 700 000 553 300 * 60 000 653 200 853 590 2 100 000 104 * 405 000 14 600

3 991 853 * 7 500 14 657 191 11 350 170 20 437 254 860 * 700 000 686 100 * 60 000 1 254 100 885 368 2 239 000 542 * 405 000 11 300

3 564 300 * 8 000 14 178 577 9 424 214 45 407 275 000 * 700 000 619 300 * 60 000 1 915 300 1 260 021 1 700 000 * 600 * 200 000 13 700

2 930 444 * 8 000 17 354 489 10 461 708 27 200 * 275 000 * 700 000 * 619 000 * 60 000 2 785 000 1 249 967 1 700 000 * 600 * 100 000 12 200

2 736 650 * 8 000 * 17 500 000 * 10 462 000 82 000 * 275 000 * 700 000 * 619 000 * 60 000 3 387 300 1 322 059 1 780 000 * 600 * 50 000 12 900

10 172 629 536 120 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000

10 994 074 614 148 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000

11 447 199 857 172 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000

12 382 648 * 857 000 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000

12 445 100 * 857 000 * 80 000 * 5 000 * 100 000

3 680 000

3 401 300

3 834 900

3 588 885

* 3 700 000

146 900 000

154 800 000

162 800 000

170 800 000

176 600 000

Notes (1) Some countries produce large quantities of synthetic gypsum. Where possible, this output is excluded from the table (2) In addition to the countries listed, Japan may also produce gypsum. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

Including anhydrite Excluding output from the region east of the River Nistru and the Municipality of Bender Sales Years ended 7 July of that stated Years ended 31 March following that stated Including selenite Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated

31   

Refinery production of indium Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Belgium Germany Italy Netherlands Russia United Kingdom

* 30 * 10 *5 *5 7 *5

* 30 * 10 *5 *5 6 *5

* 30 * 10 *5 *5 7 *5

* 30 * 10 *5 *5 7 *5

* 30 * 10 *5 *5 *7 *5

Canada

* 67

* 64

* 65

* 65

* 65

*5 —

*5 *2

*5 * 11

*5 11

*5 * 11

* 340 69 * 100

* 380 70 * 100

* 405 70 * 100

* 415 70 * 100

* 420 70 * 100

Brazil Peru China Japan Korea (Rep. of)

Note(s) (1) In addition to the countries listed, Kazakhstan is believed to produce small quantities of indium

Production of iodine Country

kilograms 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

191 300 * 105 000

200 000 * 105 000

240 400 * 105 000

249 100 * 105 000

221 100 * 105 000

USA

* 1 250 000

* 1 270 000

* 1 270 000

* 1 270 000

* 1 270 000

Chile

15 793 000

16 000 000

17 494 000

20 656 000

18 989 000

* 590 000 * 56 000 9 216 000 * 470 000 * 2 000

* 590 000 * 61 000 9 277 000 * 470 000 * 2 000

* 600 000 * 44 000 9 315 000 * 480 000 * 2 000

* 600 000 * 43 000 * 9 500 000 * 500 000 * 2 000

* 600 000 * 50 000 * 9 500 000 * 500 000 * 2 000

27 700 000

28 000 000

29 600 000

32 900 000

31 200 000

Azerbaijan Russia

China Indonesia Japan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan World total

Production of iron ore Country Austria (a) Azerbaijan Bosnia & Herzegovina Germany (b)(c) Norway Russia Sweden Turkey Ukraine

32   

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2 068 853 57 800 1 401 000 390 353 6 742 333 95 500 000 28 797 000 5 378 455 78 541 000

2 206 910 214 300 1 891 000 489 091 6 723 426 104 000 000 30 840 000 6 308 448 80 900 000

2 142 255 207 300 2 075 732 447 515 7 744 487 104 000 000 32 198 000 7 599 511 67 149 000

2 323 323 141 400 2 121 908 413 404 9 549 232 102 100 000 37 411 000 * 7 700 000 70 389 000

2 436 675 91 400 2 127 564 455 941 10 542 149 102 100 000 35 759 000 * 7 700 000 68 337 000

Production of iron ore

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Algeria Egypt (d) Liberia Mali Mauritania Morocco Nigeria Sierra Leone South Africa (e) Sudan Swaziland Tunisia Uganda Zimbabwe

1 474 279 2 314 425 — * 4 600 11 109 000 44 665 63 000 — 58 709 330 1 700 — 180 500 3 795 28

1 700 000 3 320 878 386 968 * 100 000 11 176 000 78 926 70 000 339 330 58 056 897 48 163 79 553 171 200 2 134 —

1 700 000 3 930 002 2 369 850 * 160 000 11 169 800 260 700 * 70 000 5 203 490 67 100 474 96 400 1 032 230 223 000 4 431 —

1 066 700 1 421 772 4 698 281 * 100 000 12 532 200 301 100 * 70 000 11 894 580 71 543 088 339 390 1 258 560 243 100 2 282 —

911 135 * 1 500 000 * 4 813 676 * 100 000 13 305 800 22 910 * 70 000 14 513 946 80 759 334 * 400 000 603 251 307 600 41 959 —

Canada (f) Guatemala Mexico USA (f)(g)

37 001 000 1 604 21 210 000 49 500 000

33 573 000 1 160 19 403 000 54 700 000

39 427 100 10 808 22 600 000 54 000 000

42 769 700 778 28 545 000 53 000 000

44 196 000 2 035 25 193 818 * 57 500 000

Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador (h) Peru Venezuela

372 300 000 9 129 500 77 048 5 568 7 432 000 14 330 761

460 400 000 12 624 600 174 459 27 060 8 623 000 16 347 621

400 600 000 17 330 000 391 503 7 631 8 221 983 16 347 028

316 800 000 17 108 000 710 047 2 616 6 680 659 11 372 172

345 800 000 18 865 800 676 180 408 7 193 000 11 394 040

— 1 077 705 100 207 157 000 8 975 507 35 548 974 — 50 190 000 512 642 * 5 300 000 3 557 813 3 203 200 447 541 — 976 937 1 972 100

— 1 326 942 000 168 582 000 11 814 544 38 260 000 26 639 51 742 000 541 539 * 5 300 000 8 077 879 5 678 300 329 100 292 608 489 359 2 371 300

3 742 1 309 637 000 136 618 000 11 545 752 43 497 000 — 52 614 000 592 743 * 5 100 000 12 143 985 7 561 400 384 893 216 176 303 233 1 506 200

20 506 1 451 011 000 152 433 000 * 20 000 000 48 693 000 — 51 758 500 663 045 * 3 057 000 12 134 258 6 011 200 412 108 826 745 389 620 2 495 000

18 997 1 514 240 000 129 103 000 * 3 000 000 * 50 000 000 *— 51 540 800 693 262 * 2 800 000 9 615 323 * 6 000 000 192 749 1 056 694 347 918 2 308 000

433 452 000 2 438 641

477 330 291 2 357 440

519 858 812 2 394 848

612 415 940 3 156 619

745 734 695 3 245 369

2 635 000 000

3 015 000 000

2 980 000 000

3 180 000 000

3 378 000 000

Bhutan China India (i) Indonesia Iran (j) Iraq Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Malaysia (f) Mongolia Pakistan (d) Philippines Thailand Vietnam Australia New Zealand World total

Notes (a) Including micaceous iron oxide (b) Including manganiferous iron ore (c) Used as aggregate in the construction industry (d) Years ended 30 June of that stated (e) Including by-product magnetite (f) Including by-product iron ore (g) Including beneficiated and direct shipping ore (h) Including iron sand (i) Years ended 31 March following that stated (j) Years ended 20 March following that stated

33   

Production of pig iron Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

5 621 000 4 688 000 620 935 3 987 000 2 564 000 10 136 827 28 560 000 1 325 000 8 555 000 5 799 000 108 000 3 637 994 1 723 418 48 200 000 1 158 628 3 649 000 3 572 000 3 447 000 16 362 115 27 366 000 7 233 000

5 815 000 4 700 000 684 734 4 137 000 2 600 000 9 697 535 27 943 000 1 315 000 9 824 000 5 943 000 101 000 3 974 930 1 595 000 48 200 000 1 197 693 3 346 000 3 540 000 3 240 000 14 877 155 28 878 000 6 625 000

5 751 000 4 073 000 749 539 3 935 207 2 461 000 9 531 844 27 046 000 1 229 000 9 424 000 5 909 000 100 000 3 943 968 1 580 000 50 500 000 318 651 3 519 755 3 081 000 2 805 000 18 289 109 28 487 000 7 183 100

6 200 000 4 343 000 759 100 4 040 000 2 100 000 10 276 499 27 177 000 600 000 6 933 000 5 700 000 100 000 4 013 877 1 300 000 50 000 000 366 277 3 617 000 3 949 000 2 896 000 19 548 094 29 088 700 9 471 000

6 015 000 4 335 000 860 430 4 152 000 2 500 000 10 865 646 27 943 000 801 000 6 371 000 5 868 000 110 000 4 637 478 * 1 300 000 51 400 000 550 000 3 838 000 3 958 000 3 078 000 * 20 000 000 24 800 900 9 705 000

696 000 3 565 000 1 270 000 6 549 000

360 000 3 532 000 165 000 6 018 000

350 000 3 618 000 508 000 6 092 000

300 000 3 400 000 1 000 000 6 404 000

300 000 2 882 000 1 302 000 6 040 000

Canada Mexico Trinidad & Tobago USA

8 266 000 10 074 620 1 751 800 26 843 000

8 025 000 10 462 912 1 705 600 30 233 000

8 496 000 10 197 841 1 684 300 32 062 000

7 300 000 11 011 092 1 749 700 30 381 000

8 210 000 11 092 595 1 633 000 29 345 000

Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Paraguay Peru Venezuela

4 098 500 30 898 000 635 000 327 000 81 000 100 000 3 760 000

4 470 900 33 416 000 1 130 000 295 000 42 000 94 000 4 470 000

3 683 000 32 448 000 1 068 000 345 000 67 000 98 000 4 594 000

4 115 390 31 552 000 869 000 264 000 69 000 91 000 2 600 000

3 644 932 * 32 000 000 576 000 232 000 71 000 91 000 1 415 000

597 333 400 64 987 000 1 274 000 10 532 000 82 283 358 2 864 000 35 064 568 * 250 000 2 390 000 * 750 000 2 040 037 4 937 000 9 358 000 * 500 000

640 508 800 66 460 000 1 228 000 12 670 000 81 028 352 3 141 000 42 212 717 * 250 000 2 877 000 * 750 000 2 212 999 5 153 000 12 940 000 * 600 000

663 544 000 62 057 000 524 000 13 725 000 81 405 470 2 707 000 41 718 000 * 250 000 2 329 000 * 750 000 2 424 000 4 976 000 11 784 000 * 650 000

711 498 800 64 893 000 757 000 16 465 000 83 849 049 2 622 745 41 045 000 * 250 000 1 399 000 * 750 000 2 385 493 5 300 000 13 300 000 * 650 000

711 599 000 71 864 000 * 800 000 * 17 000 000 83 872 490 3 184 780 46 909 000 * 250 000 * 1 500 000 * 750 000 2 515 000 5 508 000 14 505 000 * 650 000

6 259 000 667 000

5 296 000 659 000

3 480 000 670 000

3 342 000 700 000

3 282 000 680 000

1 109 000 000

1 171 000 000

1 188 000 000

1 243 000 000

1 256 000 000

Austria Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Czech Republic Finland France Germany Hungary Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Algeria Egypt Libya South Africa

China India Indonesia Iran Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Malaysia Pakistan (a) Qatar Saudi Arabia Taiwan Vietnam Australia New Zealand World total

Notes (1) The data in this table include sponge iron and direct reduced iron (DRI), where these have been separately identified (a) Years ended 30 June of that stated

34   

Production of crude steel Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

390 000 7 206 000 129 125 2 530 829 7 973 000 590 952 744 000 103 429 5 180 000 — 4 029 000 15 413 577 43 830 000 1 821 000 1 681 000 25 750 000 ... 655 000 2 548 000 344 866 242 000 48 272 6 651 000 530 000 7 993 025 1 543 000 3 720 775 66 300 000 1 254 386 4 583 000 606 000 16 343 000 4 845 600 1 320 000 29 029 789 33 345 586 9 708 000

464 000 7 474 000 234 002 2 778 792 8 026 000 649 085 835 000 162 709 5 583 000 1 3 989 000 15 780 639 44 284 000 1 934 000 1 729 000 28 735 000 ... 568 000 2 521 000 348 576 321 000 61 164 6 937 000 610 000 8 776 458 1 942 000 3 828 000 68 400 000 1 304 954 4 236 000 648 000 15 504 000 4 867 000 1 400 000 30 562 184 35 512 156 9 478 000

390 000 7 421 000 267 660 2 869 373 7 301 000 700 341 633 000 1 016 5 072 082 185 3 759 000 15 607 227 42 661 000 1 247 000 1 543 000 27 252 000 * 120 000 805 000 2 214 000 225 224 335 000 28 161 6 879 000 700 000 8 542 514 1 960 000 3 292 000 70 400 000 346 000 4 403 447 632 000 13 639 000 4 326 000 * 1 450 000 35 885 000 33 509 180 9 579 100

312 000 7 953 000 222 800 2 394 489 7 127 000 722 155 523 000 135 000 5 171 255 157 3 517 000 15 685 350 42 645 000 1 030 000 883 000 24 093 000 * 120 000 198 000 2 090 000 145 633 190 000 19 723 6 713 000 605 000 8 199 353 2 050 000 2 985 000 68 800 000 396 000 4 511 000 618 000 14 252 000 4 404 000 * 1 530 000 34 654 000 33 198 653 11 857 500

637 905 7 876 000 288 136 2 597 807 7 331 000 792 019 612 000 159 000 5 360 000 200 3 808 000 16 143 625 42 941 000 1 022 000 1 152 000 23 714 000 * 120 000 * 190 000 2 193 000 196 454 344 000 * 15 000 6 964 000 595 000 8 799 731 * 2 000 000 3 158 000 70 300 000 583 000 4 705 000 615 000 14 163 000 4 539 000 * 1 500 000 34 035 000 27 372 913 12 120 000

662 000 * 30 000 6 676 000 150 000 25 000 20 000 825 000 5 000 485 000 100 000 7 617 000 115 100 30 000

551 000 * 30 000 6 485 000 * 130 000 25 000 20 000 100 000 5 000 654 000 100 000 7 546 000 150 000 30 000

557 000 * 30 000 6 627 000 * 130 000 25 000 20 000 315 000 5 000 539 000 100 000 6 938 000 150 000 30 000

417 000 * 30 000 6 754 000 * 130 000 25 000 20 000 712 000 * 5 000 558 000 100 000 7 253 000 * 150 000 30 000

415 000 * 30 000 6 485 000 * 130 000 25 000 * 20 000 968 000 * 5 000 501 000 100 000 7 210 000 * 150 000 * 30 000

Canada Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Guatemala Mexico Trinidad & Tobago USA

13 009 000 279 040 * 60 000 64 000 274 000 16 869 675 571 600 80 495 000

12 891 000 283 982 * 76 000 97 000 294 000 18 110 111 603 400 86 000 000

13 507 000 280 899 * 56 000 72 000 334 000 18 073 052 623 800 88 695 000

12 349 000 268 814 * 56 000 108 000 385 000 18 242 195 615 800 86 878 000

12 595 000 259 130 * 60 000 121 000 358 000 18 995 283 483 000 88 347 000

Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Peru

5 138 500 32 948 000 1 011 000 1 207 000 357 000 59 000 867 000

5 610 500 35 220 000 1 615 000 1 244 000 463 000 28 000 882 000

4 996 000 34 524 000 1 671 000 1 302 000 425 000 44 000 981 000

5 185 710 34 163 000 1 398 000 1 107 000 570 000 45 000 1 057 000

4 580 600 33 912 000 1 119 000 1 269 000 612 000 47 000 1 144 000

Albania Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Kosovo Latvia Luxembourg Macedonia Moldova (a) Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Algeria Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt Ethiopia Ghana Kenya Libya Mauritania Morocco Nigeria South Africa Tunisia Uganda

35   

Production of crude steel Country Uruguay Venezuela Burma China India (b) Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kuwait Malaysia Mongolia Pakistan Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Syria Taiwan Thailand United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia New Zealand World total

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

65 000 2 207 000

81 000 2 980 000

78 000 2 359 000

91 000 2 494 000

81 000 1 466 000

* 25 000 637 229 900 70 672 000 3 664 000 11 995 000 * 300 000 109 598 507 * 150 000 4 220 000 58 914 125 * 1 300 000 * 500 000 5 694 000 68 000 * 800 000 1 050 000 1 974 937 5 015 000 728 000 * 70 000 18 975 000 4 144 908 * 500 000 716 000 4 314 000

* 25 000 685 283 100 74 291 000 3 621 000 14 037 000 * 300 000 107 601 194 * 150 000 4 699 000 68 519 191 * 1 300 000 * 500 000 5 941 000 63 600 * 850 000 1 200 000 2 005 000 5 275 000 752 000 * 70 000 21 640 000 4 238 000 * 2 000 000 733 000 4 900 000

* 25 000 723 882 200 78 416 000 2 254 000 14 395 000 * 300 000 107 232 297 * 150 000 3 676 000 69 073 000 * 1 280 000 * 500 000 5 612 000 72 400 * 850 000 1 260 000 2 148 000 5 203 000 688 000 * 70 000 19 927 000 3 328 000 2 408 000 736 000 5 298 000

* 30 000 813 138 900 81 690 000 2 644 000 15 631 000 * 300 000 110 594 771 * 150 000 3 275 000 66 061 000 * 1 250 000 * 500 000 4 693 000 * 58 600 * 972 000 * 1 300 000 2 236 000 5 471 000 434 000 * 10 000 21 466 000 * 3 600 000 2 878 000 746 000 5 474 000

* 35 000 822 698 000 88 980 000 * 2 800 000 * 15 800 000 * 300 000 110 666 068 * 150 000 4 014 860 71 542 000 * 1 250 000 * 500 000 * 5 000 000 * 58 600 * 1 070 000 * 1 300 000 3 047 000 6 291 000 575 000 * 5 000 22 511 000 * 3 500 000 2 390 000 731 000 5 700 000

7 408 000 853 000

6 538 000 844 000

4 903 000 912 000

4 646 000 900 000

4 607 000 881 000

1 432 000 000

1 520 000 000

1 554 000 000

1 641 000 000

1 667 000 000

Notes (1) Unless otherwise indicated, these figures include production from scrap (2) Small amounts of steel are believed to be produced in Sri Lanka (a) Production from the region east of the River Nistru (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated

36   

Production of ferro-alloys Country Albania Ferro-chrome Armenia Ferro-molybdenum Austria Ferro-molybdenum Ferro-nickel Ferro-vanadium Bosnia & Herzegovina Ferro-alloys Czech Republic Ferro-vanadium Finland Ferro-chrome France Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Silicon metal Georgia Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Germany Ferro-chrome Other ferro-alloys Silicon metal Greece Ferro-nickel Iceland Ferro-silicon Italy Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Kosovo Ferro-nickel Macedonia Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Ferro-silicon Norway Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Silicon metal Poland Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Other ferro-alloys Romania Ferro-chrome Ferro-silico-manganese Russia Spiegeleisen Ferro-chrome Ferro-silico-chrome Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-molybdenum Ferro-nickel Ferro-silicon Ferro-vanadium Other ferro-alloys Silicon metal Slovakia Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Other ferro-alloys

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

23 233

28 433

24 018

24 692

34 897

5 126

5 525

5 836

6 619

6 528

4 000 2 500 8 000

4 000 2 500 8 000

4 000 2 500 8 000

4 000 2 500 8 000

4 000 2 500 8 000

17 972

17 527

15 874

16 707

18 383

* 3 400

* 4 600

* 5 800

* 6 400

* 6 400

238 000

231 000

229 000

434 000

441 000

138 100 62 400 * 27 000 * 112 000

130 500 63 400 * 59 000 * 128 000

101 000 68 500 * 71 000 * 110 000

* 100 000 * 70 000 * 60 000 * 110 000

* 100 000 * 70 000 40 000 100 000

* 4 500 203 791

* 4 500 242 746

* 4 500 257 421

* 4 500 253 361

* 4 500 244 618

* 18 300 * 9 200 30 105

* 18 500 9 985 30 134

* 17 800 8 248 28 574

* 17 800 * 8 200 30 283

* 17 800 * 8 200 28 500

69 596

93 905

96 435

86 850

94 952

114 230

120 076

131 818

125 204

109 739

* 25 000 108 000

* 25 000 145 000

* 27 000 110 000

* 27 000 153 000

* 27 000 67 000

* 38 200

* 41 000

* 30 200

* 28 900

* 43 400

36 705 14 413 30 044

50 756 17 292 56 167

14 179 19 247 42 402

— 20 001 72 279

— 18 054 73 014

297 300 (a) 281 266 * 225 000 * 170 000

337 900 266 000 170 102 * 170 000

325 900 271 400 203 886 * 150 000

320 000 * 250 000 337 281 * 150 000

* 285 000 * 250 000 192 389 * 150 000

800 100 53 206 200

800 400 72 668 300

800 200 78 115 300

820 100 73 589 11 250

* 820 * 100 62 878 * 11 300

14 353 20 605

— * 30 000

— * 30 000

— * 30 000

— * 30 000

* 7 000 414 288 4 200 171 000 147 900 6 491 34 363 916 000 13 507 * 34 000 48 700

* 7 000 501 700 * 4 200 * 170 000 * 148 000 6 917 34 581 1 030 000 16 683 * 34 000 * 48 700

* 7 000 477 600 * 4 200 * 170 000 * 148 000 7 018 20 049 1 042 000 14 381 * 34 000 * 48 000

* 7 000 * 480 000 * 4 200 * 170 000 * 148 000 5 297 * 20 000 * 1 050 000 14 059 * 34 000 * 48 000

* 7 000 * 480 000 * 4 200 * 170 000 * 148 000 4 503 * 20 000 * 1 050 000 14 076 * 34 000 * 48 000

34 960 26 419 38 860

25 036 32 304 18 575

50 089 32 726 20 059

* 50 000 41 664 * 20 000

29 643 44 030 26 505

37   

Production of ferro-alloys Country Spain Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Silicon metal Sweden Ferro-chrome Turkey Ferro-chrome Ferro-silico-chrome Ukraine Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Ferro-silicon Other ferro-alloys Egypt Ferro-silicon (b) Other ferro-alloys (b) South Africa Ferro-chrome Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Ferro-vanadium Silicon metal Zimbabwe Ferro-chrome Canada Ferro-niobium Ferro-silicon Silicon metal Dominican Republic Ferro-nickel Mexico Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese USA Ferro-silicon Silicon metal Argentina Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Brazil Ferro-chrome Ferro-silico-chrome Ferro-silico-magnesium Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Ferro-niobium Ferro-silicon Other ferro-alloys Silicon metal Colombia Ferro-nickel Venezuela Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Ferro-silicon

38   

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

102 200 134 200 * 64 400 * 32 500

92 100 142 300 * 57 000 * 43 000

* 80 200 * 148 100 * 42 000 * 62 000

* 80 000 * 150 000 * 40 000 * 65 000

* 80 000 * 150 000 * 40 000 * 65 000

64 400

80 140

35 800

55 078

65 703

* 50 000 * 3 000

* 40 000 * 3 000

* 40 000 * 3 000

* 40 000 * 3 000

* 40 000 * 3 000

285 643 1 000 329 102 940 253 801 28 546

187 897 930 337 89 903 186 306 25 126

163 921 823 131 119 652 150 265 22 115

88 626 724 892 121 586 191 207 15 908

104 291 960 657 114 222 167 977 15 326

25 516 37 194

52 421 * 30 000

54 930 * 30 000

49 060 * 30 000

* 50 000 * 30 000

3 607 132 * 517 000 * 273 000 * 128 000 * 19 000 * 46 000

3 421 911 * 696 000 314 000 124 000 * 18 000 59 000

3 063 257 * 654 000 149 000 91 000 * 16 000 * 47 000

3 219 000 * 650 000 * 150 000 * 90 000 * 16 000 * 50 000

* 3 000 000 * 650 000 * 150 000 * 90 000 * 16 000 * 50 000

154 336

161 839

137 534

* 145 000

* 290 000

6 695 36 786 * 30 000

7 018 31 039 * 30 000

7 132 31 979 * 35 000

7 974 38 817 * 35 000

* 8 000 * 32 000 * 35 000

—

34 576

38 433

23 419

—

81 019 134 470

73 684 139 047

61 845 161 221

60 674 157 855

67 506 164 852

246 000 * 143 000

* 294 000 * 143 000

* 294 000 * 143 000

* 294 000 * 143 000

* 294 000 * 143 000

10 900 * 11 000

* 11 000 * 11 000

* 11 000 * 11 000

* 11 000 * 11 000

* 11 000 * 11 000

172 800 13 100 33 600 87 200 218 700 23 800 77 200 247 300 36 650 184 100

145 000 11 600 20 900 77 000 218 600 45 600 81 900 210 900 32 700 210 400

181 425 18 890 21 200 88 714 241 705 94 400 50 400 203 881 38 784 230 000

174 200 13 184 * 20 000 83 348 227 652 34 500 46 600 158 000 * 40 000 230 000

* 170 000 18 870 * 20 000 * 80 000 * 230 000 37 200 51 700 230 000 * 40 000 230 000

145 239

103 371

138 966

137 995

* 120 000

5 300 16 500 45 200 91 000

12 000 24 000 51 800 84 700

* 12 000 14 200 * 50 000 72 300

* 12 000 * 14 200 * 50 000 * 74 300

* 12 000 * 14 000 * 50 000 * 80 000

Production of ferro-alloys

tonnes (metric)

Country Bhutan Ferro-silicon China Ferro-alloys Silicon metal India Ferro-aluminium (c) Ferro-chrome (c) Ferro-silico-magnesium (c) Ferro-manganese (c) Ferro-silico-manganese (c) Ferro-molybdenum (c) Ferro-silicon (c) Ferro-titanium (c) Ferro-vanadium (c) Other ferro-alloys (c) Indonesia Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-nickel Iran Ferro-chrome (d) Ferro-silicon (d) Japan Ferro-chrome Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-molybdenum Ferro-nickel Ferro-vanadium Other ferro-alloys Kazakhstan Ferro-chrome Ferro-silico-chrome Ferro-silico-manganese Ferro-silicon Other ferro-alloys Korea (Rep. of) Ferro-manganese Ferro-silico-manganese Other ferro-alloys Korea, Dem. P.R. of Ferro-alloys

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 97 500

* 79 600

* 82 000

* 83 000

* 79 500

* 26 100 000 1 142 700

* 28 400 000 1 355 300

* 30 000 000 * 1 500 000

* 31 000 000 * 1 500 000

* 31 000 000 * 1 500 000

7 538 1 003 598 19 079 402 017 1 242 139 3 090 115 164 2 172 1 521 595

7 393 906 556 24 452 446 733 1 478 403 4 362 127 092 2 217 2 459 730

* 6 200 * 908 000 * 24 000 * 448 000 * 1 700 000 * 4 400 * 130 000 * 2 300 * 2 800 * 730

* 6 900 * 908 000 * 28 000 * 448 000 * 1 700 000 * 5 100 * 130 000 * 3 000 * 3 200 * 730

* 6 100 * 908 000 * 31 000 * 448 000 * 1 800 000 * 5 600 * 130 000 * 3 000 * 4 400 * 730

* 12 000 * 8 000 93 440

* 12 000 * 8 000 98 450

* 13 000 * 9 000 91 860

* 13 000 * 9 000 91 245

* 13 000 * 35 000 84 255

* 8 000 * 50 000

* 8 000 * 50 000

* 8 000 * 50 000

* 8 000 * 50 000

* 8 000 * 50 000

16 208 453 265 49 865 4 615 348 420 4 190 16 374

17 217 456 798 49 798 5 167 279 944 3 980 20 913

19 392 436 171 52 287 4 616 371 913 4 403 19 364

21 671 460 936 24 741 4 550 402 768 4 433 19 394

* 22 000 463 345 * 25 000 * 5 000 379 291 * 4 000 * 19 000

1 311 302 159 765 224 627 4 813 1 283

1 289 917 143 296 232 039 1 683 1 754

1 305 343 164 853 251 530 464 1 845

1 337 275 165 195 203 926 470 646

1 351 803 158 825 200 379 * 470 4 130

286 259 120 779 4 059

355 047 195 650 4 162

* 355 000 * 196 000 * 4 200

* 355 000 * 196 000 * 4 200

* 355 000 * 196 000 * 4 200

* 10 000

* 13 000

* 16 000

* 21 000

* 22 000

219 000

267 000

198 000

234 000

269 000

* 37 000

* 34 000

* 43 000

* 52 000

* 54 000

165 506

169 513

184 476

174 078

* 238 000

Australia Ferro-manganese & ferro-silicomanganese (a) Silicon metal New Caledonia Ferro-nickel Notes (a) Sales (b) Years ended 30 June of that stated (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated (d) Years ended 20 March following that stated

39   

Production of kaolin Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

18 914 * 300 000 41 808 * 16 832 636 000 350 000 4 578 097 3 493 * 180 000 125 000 273 890 326 * 45 000 76 197 — 310 993 787 287 1 085 436 * 1 140 000

18 897 * 300 000 232 147 7 700 660 000 310 000 4 898 516 7 250 * 180 000 163 600 322 041 — * 45 000 90 472 4 000 384 179 1 229 352 1 353 555 * 1 290 000

13 497 * 300 000 149 495 33 900 624 000 308 000 4 398 796 6 268 * 180 000 137 800 321 689 — * 45 000 69 487 3 000 402 251 988 081 1 217 909 * 1 150 000

11 558 * 300 000 44 940 22 600 609 000 * 300 000 4 348 562 — * 180 000 166 000 248 008 32 722 * 45 000 * 70 000 6 000 410 717 1 027 189 1 179 380 * 1 110 000

* 11 500 * 300 000 21 610 * 32 000 617 000 311 000 4 275 422 — * 180 000 * 165 000 264 872 30 638 * 45 000 * 70 000 6 000 350 000 734 072 1 426 447 * 1 090 000

Algeria Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia (d) Kenya Madagascar Nigeria South Africa Sudan Tanzania Uganda

71 065 304 200 * 210 1 613 * 900 259 * 100 000 29 929 32 696 42 649 27 237

108 000 300 000 * 240 4 498 * 980 * 260 * 100 000 15 220 15 096 1 177 20 883

100 000 * 300 000 * 250 4 000 * 1 100 * 260 * 100 000 40 999 11 579 1 422 42 886

42 500 * 300 000 * 250 3 534 * 1 200 * 260 * 100 000 22 295 * 26 000 907 43 875

* 45 000 * 300 000 * 250 * 3 000 * 1 200 * 260 * 100 000 27 258 * 30 000 3 809 46 286

Cuba Guatemala Mexico USA (e)

100 2 143 516 850 5 950 000

3 000 1 620 372 506 5 950 000

4 000 1 866 514 730 5 980 000

3 600 1 339 669 860 5 950 000

1 700 1 285 * 600 000 * 5 830 000

Argentina Brazil (a) Chile Ecuador Paraguay Peru Venezuela

78 722 1 900 000 62 226 41 089 * 6 000 16 446 9 444

54 166 1 927 000 59 912 95 062 * 6 000 18 169 1 482

66 574 2 388 000 60 429 42 564 * 6 000 34 585 2 447

* 70 000 2 139 000 60 000 100 195 * 6 000 32 249 2 793

* 65 000 1 706 000 60 000 40 236 * 6 000 * 32 000 * 3 000

China India (f)(g) Indonesia Iran (h) Iraq Japan Jordan Korea (Rep. of) Malaysia Pakistan (i) Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Taiwan Thailand (a) Uzbekistan (f) Vietnam

3 260 000 76 498 * 170 000 1 480 291 2 606 * 12 000 114 931 962 275 530 331 22 769 2 490 66 166 8 207 18 097 156 827 * 150 000 * 650 000

3 200 000 76 134 * 175 000 * 1 500 000 — * 13 000 89 903 1 051 772 442 550 16 055 3 529 65 000 11 157 16 936 175 881 * 150 000 * 650 000

* 3 200 000 101 354 * 180 000 1 503 377 — * 13 000 76 000 796 603 438 923 21 555 4 631 137 000 11 805 26 376 175 464 * 150 000 * 650 000

* 3 200 000 66 598 * 175 000 * 1 000 000 — * 12 000 * 65 000 847 172 293 480 22 917 6 568 101 000 12 990 15 963 * 175 000 * 150 000 * 650 000

* 3 200 000 * 87 000 * 175 000 * 1 000 000 *— * 12 000 * 65 000 682 749 207 694 16 191 7 050 106 000 * 13 000 1 808 * 175 000 * 150 000 * 650 000

Austria Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Czech Republic (a) France Germany (b) Greece Italy Poland (c) Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain (c) Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom

40   

Production of kaolin Country Australia (i) New Zealand World total

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

114 157 107 761

46 388 21 545

89 229 11 578

204 521 13 066

* 209 000 286 057

27 100 000

28 300 000

27 600 000

26 700 000

25 900 000

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Denmark is believed to produce kaolin (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)

Beneficiated Washed and dried Washed Years ended 7 July of that stated Sold or used by producers Beneficiated; excludes directly used natural kaolin Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Years ended 30 June of that stated

41   

Mine production of lead Country

tonnes (metal content) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

3 196 12 705 12 200 39 100 5 700 41 293 ... 48 050 — * 300 97 000 1 800 94 229 67 697 39 000 (c) * 380

3 656 14 369 13 400 50 700 4 530 37 295 ... 67 003 — *— 119 000 2 100 114 5 705 62 028 38 682 (b) 280

3 700 15 949 18 060 47 400 5 295 39 184 1 958 64 342 87 * 5 300 151 000 2 500 166 3 800 63 551 57 017 (b) 61

4 500 16 914 18 010 42 950 6 378 42 826 2 453 79 480 1 496 * 400 165 000 3 100 235 2 200 59 556 * 76 638 (c) * 100

4 000 15 600 16 700 40 500 7 676 43 810 2 755 83 150 3 192 *— 194 000 3 700 162 1 200 70 848 * 62 190 (c) * 100

— 32 647 10 140 3 300 50 625

— 30 850 8 330 9 100 54 460

— 27 526 9 270 11 300 52 489

2 160 30 765 11 224 11 500 41 848

* 4 000 27 505 10 081 11 400 29 348

Canada Guatemala Honduras Mexico USA

64 844 — 16 954 192 062 369 000

67 505 — 13 100 223 717 342 000

64 116 2 300 12 400 238 091 345 000

20 188 863 11 600 253 361 340 000

3 617 10 359 15 500 250 462 * 355 000

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Peru

22 600 72 803 12 832 695 261 990

26 100 100 051 8 545 841 230 199

* 25 000 81 095 8 922 410 249 236

* 23 000 82 131 9 124 1 829 266 472

* 29 000 75 572 * 10 000 2 678 278 487

* 7 100 1 981 300 84 442 32 000 35 000 584 * 20 000 1 355 * 900 543 3 900 * 2 300

* 8 700 2 405 700 89 699 40 000 38 800 1 289 * 28 500 1 361 * 2 000 396 8 900 * 3 700

* 9 800 2 613 200 208 653 45 000 38 000 1 940 * 38 000 164 * 600 *— 16 000 * 200

* 11 700 2 696 500 109 948 42 000 40 800 2 500 * 59 000 1 600 * 300 — 17 000 *—

* 18 000 * 2 700 000 100 823 36 000 37 800 2 764 * 53 000 100 * 200 — 28 000 * 1 400

711 000

621 487

620 598

711 211

727 953

4 400 000

4 800 000

5 200 000

5 300 000

5 400 000

Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria (a) Greece Ireland, Republic of Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom Burkina Faso Morocco Namibia Nigeria South Africa

Burma China India (d) Iran Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Laos Pakistan Saudi Arabia Tajikistan Vietnam Australia World total

Notes (a) Metal content of ore (b) By-product of gold mining in Northern Ireland. (c) By-product of fluorspar mining in England and gold mining in Northern Ireland (d) Years ended 31 March following that stated

42   

Production of refined lead Country Austria Belgium Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia France Germany Greece Ireland, Republic of Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovenia Spain Sweden Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Algeria Ghana (a) Kenya Morocco Mozambique Nigeria Senegal (a) South Africa Tunisia Uganda Zambia Canada Costa Rica Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Mexico USA (b) Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Peru Venezuela Burma China India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Lebanon Malaysia Pakistan (c) Philippines Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka (a) Taiwan

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

25 500 121 000 4 474 98 000 36 000 7 200 71 000 405 400 * 11 000 19 000 150 000 27 000 120 300 9 000 11 263 96 000 14 000 165 000 59 179 * 42 000 71 500 301 000

26 200 119 000 3 370 90 000 38 000 7 800 80 000 429 100 * 7 000 18 000 149 500 27 000 121 500 6 000 6 747 103 000 15 000 177 000 52 438 * 48 000 55 300 275 000

24 504 119 000 3 327 85 000 41 000 8 046 83 000 423 000 * 6 000 16 000 138 400 27 000 141 000 5 000 14 668 107 000 14 000 160 000 61 528 * 50 000 43 200 311 930

38 786 129 429 2 382 90 000 42 000 7 581 71 000 400 000 * 6 000 17 000 151 000 27 000 145 400 4 000 14 000 103 000 12 000 157 000 68 713 * 50 000 48 800 329 200

37 122 133 252 1 227 92 000 44 000 8 588 72 000 408 000 * 6 000 17 200 160 000 31 000 149 000 5 000 12 000 108 000 11 000 166 000 68 708 * 55 000 32 000 267 000

11 000 * 2 000 * 1 000 38 237 800 11 000 * 2 000 51 000 * 1 000 * 800 * 2 000

10 000 2 403 * 1 000 36 469 900 9 000 2 383 56 000 * 1 000 * 800 * 3 000

6 000 2 961 * 1 000 15 600 1 500 15 000 3 366 54 000 * 1 000 * 800 * 2 000

9 000 3 076 * 1 200 * 14 000 1 900 * 14 000 2 607 52 000 * 1 000 * 800 * 2 000

9 000 2 817 * 1 000 * 15 000 2 310 14 000 2 187 52 000 * 1 000 * 800 * 2 000

272 937 — — * 18 000 — 257 200 1 255 000

282 589 4 000 2 000 * 18 000 956 281 700 1 248 000

279 150 4 000 5 000 * 17 000 — 279 100 1 221 000

284 351 7 000 7 000 * 17 000 — 271 200 1 264 000

281 456 10 000 10 000 * 15 000 5 000 313 500 * 1 120 000

77 200 500 172 000 — * 42 000 *— * 31 000

84 600 500 184 000 8 000 * 42 000 *— * 26 000

* 90 300 500 188 000 9 000 * 42 000 5 000 * 25 000

* 91 000 — 182 000 14 000 * 42 000 62 900 * 22 000

* 79 500 1 924 190 000 12 000 * 42 000 54 550 * 20 000

* 200 4 157 500 367 000 * 45 000 75 000 26 000 267 206 103 400 327 900 * 3 000 * 7 200 26 000 1 545 * 30 000 * 39 000 1 000 35 000

* 200 4 603 600 419 000 * 47 000 82 000 26 000 252 562 111 518 416 900 * 3 000 * 7 200 44 000 1 569 * 34 000 * 35 000 2 138 36 000

* 200 4 590 900 460 100 * 45 000 81 000 25 000 258 527 88 099 460 000 * 3 000 * 7 200 32 100 1 414 * 32 000 * 39 000 3 762 35 000

* 200 4 935 100 463 000 * 42 000 76 000 25 000 251 854 91 072 427 700 * 3 000 * 7 200 32 000 2 527 * 32 000 * 40 000 4 803 34 000

* 200 4 740 000 477 000 * 46 000 70 000 25 000 * 246 000 127 064 300 000 * 3 000 * 7 200 28 000 2 549 * 30 000 * 40 000 4 528 34 000

43   

Production of refined lead

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

55 504 * 2 000

42 223 * 2 000

86 507 * 2 000

87 385 * 2 000

79 250 * 2 000

218 000 * 11 000

232 000 * 13 000

207 000 * 3 000

232 000 —

226 000 —

9 900 000

10 600 000

10 600 000

11 100 000

10 600 000

Thailand United Arab Emirates Australia New Zealand World total

Notes (1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined lead and include the lead content of antimonial lead (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated (b) Excluding lead content of primary antimonial lead (c) Years ended 30 June of that stated

Production of lithium minerals Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

40 109

37 534

20 698

19 940

17 459

7 824

—

—

—

—

Zimbabwe

42 000

44 000

47 000

44 000

44 000

Canada USA (a)

*— * 1 000

*— * 1 000

*— * 1 000

*— 870

108 * 900

Argentina (b)(c) Brazil Spodumene Chile (d)

17 822

14 017

13 942

* 13 200

* 16 000

15 733 52 851

7 820 69 597

7 084 71 594

7 982 60 646

* 8 000 62 253

China

* 55 000

* 58 000

* 60 000

* 61 000

* 61 000

Australia Spodumene

303 729

421 228

452 921

* 363 000

* 444 000

22 600

27 000

27 800

23 800

26 100

Portugal Lepidolite Spain Lepidolite

World total (Li content)

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Russia has also produced lithium minerals in the past. (a) (b) (c) (d)

44   

Li content Chloride Carbonate Carbonate, hydroxide and chloride

Production of magnesite Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

757 063 396 497 236 053 63 000 * 2 600 000 650 100 462 959 2 316 763

867 912 393 880 274 877 75 350 * 2 600 000 751 700 577 725 2 588 276

778 810 349 998 290 873 83 860 * 2 600 000 618 400 649 977 2 475 828

714 422 314 770 249 568 97 000 * 2 600 000 584 000 836 269 2 597 465

754 096 391 140 285 907 92 000 * 2 600 000 557 100 840 000 * 2 600 000

South Africa Zimbabwe

27 700 —

31 900 169

* 30 000 —

* 30 000 *—

* 30 000 *—

Canada (b) Guatemala Mexico

* 150 000 — —

* 150 000 311 —

* 150 000 27 132 100 724

* 150 000 17 196 101 000

* 150 000 24 268 * 100 000

483 882 *—

476 805 *—

479 304 —

557 431 1 774

* 550 000 * 1 750

28 410 000 235 762 126 702 135 930 * 150 000 — 5 159 4 186 —

33 010 000 224 104 172 697 126 988 * 254 000 — 4 908 4 784 159 000

* 35 000 000 224 315 * 170 000 105 610 * 178 000 — 5 444 4 822 254 000

* 37 000 000 195 105 181 391 91 040 * 180 000 — 6 705 5 998 235 000

* 37 000 000 304 670 * 185 000 135 966 * 180 000 225 3 725 * 6 000 286 000

301 142

671 073

614 139

522 187

611 547

37 500 000

43 400 000

45 200 000

47 300 000

47 700 000

Austria Greece Netherlands (a) Poland Russia Slovakia Spain Turkey

Brazil (c) Colombia China India (d) Iran (e) Israel (f) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Nepal Pakistan (g) Philippines Saudi Arabia Australia (g) World total

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Bulgaria is believed to produce magnesite (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

Chloride produced from solution mining Officially described as magnesitic dolomite and brucite Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Magnesium chloride Years ended 30 June of that stated

45   

Production of primary magnesium metal

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Russia Ukraine

15 461 * 2 000

13 517 * 2 000

13 798 * 2 000

13 970 * 2 000

13 744 * 2 000

USA

* 40 000

* 40 000

* 40 000

* 40 000

* 40 000

Brazil

* 5 000

* 5 000

* 5 000

* 5 000

4 933

650 800 * 200 23 309 * 21 000 — 100 —

674 900 * 200 26 284 * 21 000 — 600 41 300

698 300 * 200 27 292 * 21 000 * 2 500 650 37 500

769 700 * 200 27 399 * 20 000 * 7 500 650 49 000

873 900 * 200 26 000 * 20 000 * 10 000 2 950 37 500

China India Israel Kazakhstan (a) Korea (Rep. of) Malaysia Oman

Notes (a) Not marketed as metal but used in titanium production

46   

Production of manganese ore Country Bulgaria Georgia (a) Hungary Romania Russia Turkey Ukraine

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

106 000 * 370 000 55 000 13 120 ... 134 336 (a) 1 589 000

85 600 * 370 000 58 000 3 180 2 600 172 480 1 391 228

39 100 * 370 000 51 000 8 993 8 200 192 756 1 234 007

103 600 * 370 000 35 000 21 300 — 321 785 1 524 696

* 75 000 * 370 000 51 000 12 662 *— * 320 000 1 526 218

57 355 37 194 3 200 570 1 194 074 87 400 75 614 35 728

49 715 62 388 3 831 215 1 827 692 43 600 58 000 41 876

— * 40 000 3 363 170 1 490 634 100 400 90 200 * 42 000

— 31 325 4 091 399 1 997 911 * 100 000 111 000 133 473

— * 30 000 * 4 000 000 1 353 486 * 100 000 91 271 100 597

7 156 338 15 407 —

8 635 863 15 979 —

8 931 472 11 943 —

* 10 930 000 * 22 000 3 250

* 13 830 000 * 27 000 * 3 500

466 649

437 264

510 942

580 309

652 465

3 125 000

2 738 000

2 796 000

2 833 000

2 498 220

* 754 000 * 13 000 000 3 056 385 131 561 3 045 000 899 703 50 450 * 82 700

* 586 000 * 14 000 000 2 411 871 194 428 2 963 000 597 917 398 * 64 600

* 286 000 * 14 500 000 2 342 169 172 560 2 975 000 1 099 585 8 151 * 15 800

* 394 000 * 15 500 000 2 588 313 163 367 2 852 100 1 125 127 14 320 * 9 700

* 242 000 * 16 000 000 2 166 340 * 165 000 2 608 800 835 429 14 330 * 800

6 474 000

6 960 769

7 178 975

7 425 985

7 587 207

45 200 000

47 600 000

47 900 000

53 300 000

54 700 000

Burkina Faso Egypt (b) Gabon Ghana Ivory Coast Morocco Namibia South Africa Metallurgical Chemical Sudan Mexico Brazil Burma China India (c) Iran (d) Kazakhstan Malaysia Thailand Vietnam Australia World total

tonnes (metric)

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Colombia and Cuba may produce manganese ore (a) (b) (c) (d)

Marketable Fiscal years ending 30 June of that stated Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated

47   

Production of mercury

kilograms

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Finland Russia

9 000 * 50 000

5 000 * 50 000

— * 50 000

— * 50 000

— * 50 000

Morocco

* 20 000

* 20 000

* 20 000

* 20 000

* 20 000

Mexico (a) USA

* 11 000 * 15 000

* 120 300 * 15 000

* 235 300 * 15 000

* 266 200 * 15 000

* 300 900 * 15 000

Argentina Chile (b)

32 000 * 176 000

31 000 (a)* 89 200

37 000 (a)* 48 600

28 000 (a)* 19 300

* 25 000 * 20 000

China Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan

1 585 000 99 000 88 000

1 493 000 112 000 100 000

1 347 000 74 000 103 000

1 822 000 * 75 000 130 000

2 260 000 46 000 * 130 000

World total

2 100 000

2 000 000

1 900 000

2 400 000

2 900 000

Notes (1) Several countries are believed to have unrecorded production of mercury from copper electrowinning processes and by recovery from effluents (a) BGS estimates based on net exports (b) From copper solvent extraction and electrowinning processes

48   

Production of mica Country Finland France (a) Russia Spain (a) Turkey Egypt Madagascar South Africa Sudan Canada Mexico USA (a)(b) Argentina Brazil China (c) India (d) Iran (e) Korea (Rep. of) (f) Malaysia (g) Sri Lanka Taiwan World total

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

13 809 * 19 000 * 9 000 4 034 36 009

12 896 * 19 000 * 9 000 3 609 17 542

12 112 * 18 000 * 9 000 3 518 1 253

11 244 * 19 700 * 9 000 3 462 2 304

11 973 * 20 200 * 9 000 3 500 * 2 300

* 50 2 069 904 10

* 50 3 411 633 378

* 50 12 352 400 324

* 50 * 9 800 309 500

* 50 * 12 300 83 * 500

* 19 000 160 56 100

* 21 000 — 52 000

* 22 000 160 47 500

* 22 000 160 48 100

* 16 000 * 160 * 49 500

9 638 4 709

10 226 6 193

5 785 5 220

* 6 000 9 728

* 6 000 * 10 000

* 126 000 1 333 2 860 36 486 4 515 2 095 —

* 132 000 1 899 7 130 31 260 4 245 2 927 1 455

* 149 000 1 256 * 7 000 25 594 3 967 1 260 6 844

* 161 000 1 610 5 635 25 143 4 363 1 493 8 931

* 159 000 * 800 * 5 600 24 205 5 659 * 1 500 5 016

348 000

337 000

333 000

351 000

343 000

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Romania is believed to produce mica (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)

Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation Sold or used by producers Conservative BGS estimates, based on exports Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated Mainly sericite Sericite

49   

Mine production of molybdenum

tonnes (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Armenia Norway Russia Turkey

4 377 ... 4 495 —

4 822 ... 4 842 3

5 446 4 4 838 —

5 934 8 3 605 1

6 022 2 * 3 600 *1

Canada Mexico USA

8 648 10 849 59 400

8 674 10 787 63 700

8 954 11 366 60 400

8 952 12 562 60 700

9 053 14 370 * 65 500

Argentina Brazil Chile Peru

468 337 37 044 16 963

1 708 263 40 698 19 141

4 850 185 35 090 16 790

3 829 * 200 38 715 18 140

1 907 * 200 48 770 17 000

China Iran (a) Mongolia

96 615 3 676 2 198

103 320 3 365 1 957

120 870 3 512 1 904

122 265 3 470 1 819

* 123 000 * 3 500 * 1 800

245 000

263 000

274 000

280 000

295 000

World total

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Australia, Georgia, India, Democratic P.R. of Korea, Romania and Tajikistan are believed to produce molybdenum (a) Years ended 20 March following that stated

Production of nepheline syenite Country Norway Russia Nepheline syenite Nepheline concentrates Canada

50   

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

327 000

330 000

320 000

320 000

331 000

4 900 000 1 000 000

4 608 000 997 000

4 947 000 1 056 700

4 662 000 990 600

4 396 000 1 700 000

581 000

610 000

592 000

674 000

670 000

Mine production of nickel Country

tonnes (metal content) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1 954 12 100 16 100 9 100 * 1 800 348 570 270 000 6 296 2 539

914 18 244 21 700 7 728 * 3 600 339 850 270 000 — 848

750 19 073 21 600 4 436 * 1 700 351 840 268 700 2 398 3 805

2 151 18 560 19 100 7 607 — 296 570 264 000 7 574 1 076

4 791 19 700 21 400 6 724 — 290 780 264 000 8 631 2 400

24 931 — 317 39 960 2 809 6 133

15 675 — 217 43 321 2 869 7 992

17 948 5 695 288 45 945 — 7 899

22 848 25 148 175 51 208 — 12 962

14 958 37 053 * 200 54 956 — 16 633

160 063 65 400 — — —

219 025 68 600 13 528 — —

211 701 64 600 15 186 * 3 250 —

223 295 * 66 000 9 355 * 12 100 —

234 951 * 50 000 — * 48 400 4 093

Brazil Colombia Venezuela

54 100 49 433 12 063

74 600 37 800 13 400

89 600 51 595 8 100

77 400 49 369 —

85 600 41 221 2 500

Burma China Indonesia Philippines Vietnam

*— 79 800 305 200 184 330 —

*— 89 800 552 300 319 354 —

*— 93 300 720 000 317 621 —

* 2 000 93 200 869 300 315 633 1 166

* 21 000 90 000 215 700 363 352 6 854

Australia New Caledonia Papua New Guinea

168 500 131 309 —

215 014 128 732 —

243 597 131 693 9 516

280 584 164 406 12 918

244 689 178 080 17 685

1 605 000

2 126 000

2 361 000

2 610 000

2 057 000

Albania Finland Greece Kosovo Macedonia Norway Poland Russia Spain Turkey Botswana Madagascar Morocco South Africa (a) Zambia Zimbabwe Canada Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala USA

World total

Notes (a) Includes metal and metal content of sulphate and concentrates

51   

Smelter/refinery production of nickel Country

tonnes (metric)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 1 000 49 772 12 900 13 960 7 200 14 400 92 185 600 262 300 21 900 31 600

* 1 000 49 823 13 700 18 530 7 500 17 300 92 427 900 263 000 17 100 37 400

* 1 000 46 275 13 200 18 630 4 400 19 200 91 687 800 254 000 20 800 34 300

* 1 000 44 498 12 100 16 800 7 600 20 000 91 017 600 242 000 21 200 40 400

* 1 000 42 750 8 400 18 481 6 700 18 100 90 526 800 239 400 18 600 39 100

— * 300 34 700 4 000

— * 200 35 900 3 700

5 695 * 300 32 900 1 800

25 148 * 200 32 200 2 800

37 053 * 200 34 100 4 600

105 413 33 972 — —

142 445 34 572 13 528 —

139 800 34 263 15 186 —

137 410 33 542 9 355 —

115 493 32 909 — 3 700

41 900 49 443 11 700

43 271 37 817 13 400

59 779 51 595 8 100

56 500 49 369 5 200

78 600 41 221 2 500

Burma China Indonesia Japan Korea (Rep. of)

— 332 300 18 688 166 100 21 173

— 435 200 19 690 156 900 17 708

— 519 200 18 372 169 600 19 870

2 000 693 500 21 200 177 810 23 325

21 000 * 700 000 21 900 177 782 15 972

Australia New Caledonia

101 600 39 802

110 213 40 513

128 756 45 383

141 519 48 370

114 143 62 049

1 469 000

1 624 000

1 755 000

1 957 000

1 947 000

Austria Finland France Greece Kosovo Macedonia Norway Poland Russia Ukraine United Kingdom Madagascar Morocco South Africa Zimbabwe Canada Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Brazil Colombia Venezuela

World total

Notes (1) Data relate to refined nickel plus the nickel content of ferro-nickel, nickel oxide and nickel salts (2) In addition to the countries listed, the USA produces some nickel as a refinery by-product

52   

Production of perlite

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Armenia Bulgaria Greece Hungary Italy Russia Slovakia Turkey Ukraine

95 — 790 000 70 990 * 60 000 * 45 000 23 000 545 585 * 36 000

229 — 800 000 70 900 * 60 000 * 45 000 23 000 702 673 * 36 000

181 3 700 870 000 72 364 * 60 000 * 45 000 24 000 887 600 * 36 000

53 — 890 000 64 944 * 60 000 * 45 000 16 000 1 075 949 * 36 000

14 *— 985 000 * 65 000 * 60 000 * 45 000 17 000 * 1 100 000 * 36 000

* 400

* 400

* 400

* 400

* 400

31 779 414 000

30 750 420 000

29 950 393 000

27 200 419 000

27 000 * 440 000

27 182 —

27 446 —

24 663 —

* 25 000 4 800

* 25 000 800

* 700 000 547 617 * 210 000 10 500 14 700

* 700 000 * 500 000 * 200 000 13 800 26 500

* 700 000 836 928 * 200 000 9 221 41 400

* 700 000 1 120 951 * 190 000 14 249 14 293

* 700 000 * 1 100 000 * 200 000 17 134 54 100

6 616 5 088

2 362 —

940 3 598

1 300 —

— —

South Africa Mexico USA Argentina Chile China Iran (a) Japan Philippines Thailand Australia (b) New Zealand

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Algeria, Canada, Djibuti, Georgia, Iceland, Morocco and Mozambique are believed to produce perlite (a) Years ended 20 March following that stated (b) Years ended 30 June of that stated

53   

Production of crude petroleum Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Albania Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia (a) France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Italy Lithuania Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom

742 012 875 969 48 580 900 1 700 140 22 400 748 791 173 000 12 090 000 2 080 000 896 000 50 413 2 511 174 86 000 735 900 5 080 498 114 464 1 414 000 105 146 000 686 487 4 172 411 505 000 000 865 499 16 000 233 121 528 2 602 114 3 549 000 62 962 000

894 530 838 052 43 195 200 1 681 470 21 400 664 440 163 000 10 909 000 2 173 132 895 000 48 942 2 677 136 87 126 657 000 5 286 042 113 895 1 464 000 100 343 000 618 163 4 081 979 509 000 000 1 020 490 18 000 263 99 925 * 2 600 000 3 363 000 51 972 000

1 029 319 837 561 43 000 000 1 660 000 23 600 620 835 150 000 9 968 000 2 180 313 806 500 42 194 2 633 000 83 143 700 931 5 376 629 101 644 1 467 000 94 497 000 677 664 3 992 011 517 000 000 1 124 794 14 000 279 143 526 2 957 000 3 345 000 44 560 000

1 203 638 847 952 43 200 000 1 645 000 27 400 620 795 152 000 8 657 000 2 379 253 793 000 47 863 2 638 379 62 233 626 890 5 480 000 86 054 1 519 000 90 387 000 960 672 3 994 122 523 000 000 1 163 988 13 000 298 367 569 2 508 894 3 071 000 40 646 000

1 342 451 883 016 39 284 500 1 645 000 * 26 100 558 327 147 000 8 159 150 2 359 463 * 800 000 41 334 2 429 789 59 743 * 600 000 5 750 000 80 862 1 900 000 93 294 000 984 216 3 922 784 525 000 000 1 112 303 13 000 366 305 263 2 373 000 2 739 000 39 550 000

Algeria Angola Cameroon Chad Congo Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon Ghana Ivory Coast Libya Mauritania Morocco Niger Nigeria Senegal South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tunisia

75 500 000 90 500 000 3 200 000 6 400 000 15 581 948 1 050 000 35 000 000 13 600 000 12 431 000 361 000 2 197 000 77 600 000 412 000 20 667 — 117 200 000 53 800 316 000 — 22 800 000 3 731 400

74 300 000 83 800 000 3 200 000 6 000 000 14 828 348 1 010 000 34 600 000 12 500 000 12 170 000 3 833 000 1 984 000 22 500 000 385 000 9 620 350 000 117 400 000 54 500 179 000 — (b) 14 300 000 3 203 300

67 200 000 86 900 000 3 200 000 5 300 000 13 250 062 1 173 020 34 700 000 14 900 000 12 300 000 3 928 000 1 898 902 71 100 000 327 000 7 000 995 700 116 200 000 7 700 137 000 (b) 1 500 000 5 100 000 3 160 400

68 900 000 87 300 000 3 100 000 4 400 000 13 324 007 1 146 380 34 500 000 14 600 000 11 800 000 4 905 000 1 853 809 46 400 000 336 000 6 000 995 000 111 300 000 15 800 79 000 4 900 000 5 700 000 2 807 400

66 000 000 83 000 000 4 000 000 4 100 000 12 594 591 1 146 920 34 700 000 13 100 000 10 900 000 5 261 000 1 803 706 23 300 000 299 000 * 6 000 995 000 113 500 000 30 100 88 803 7 800 000 5 400 000 2 549 100

Barbados Canada Cuba Guatemala Mexico Trinidad & Tobago USA

42 069 141 600 000 3 024 800 605 100 152 670 000 5 061 410 346 357 633

40 179 150 200 000 3 011 700 554 100 151 842 000 4 736 250 359 501 561

37 369 161 000 000 2 998 900 537 620 150 601 000 4 222 897 408 705 215

34 923 172 600 000 2 897 100 505 573 148 998 583 3 828 769 462 734 955

32 161 186 200 000 2 829 900 508 862 144 138 810 4 186 422 535 731 527

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Suriname Venezuela

31 298 178 1 599 700 110 600 000 217 750 38 990 438 24 810 000 7 753 000 953 300 142 500 000

29 439 986 1 644 800 113 400 000 246 810 45 433 683 25 498 000 7 533 000 966 300 139 600 000

29 284 559 1 925 800 111 470 000 321 305 46 866 079 25 696 000 7 494 774 958 219 139 700 000

28 585 384 2 922 000 109 360 000 357 838 49 742 675 26 869 791 8 278 655 964 672 135 100 000

28 585 385 3 143 275 121 372 585 397 268 49 430 000 29 800 000 * 8 500 000 988 869 139 500 000

54   

Production of crude petroleum Country Afghanistan Bahrain (c) Brunei Burma (e) China (f) East Timor India (e) Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait (g) Kyrgyzstan Malaysia Mongolia Oman Pakistan (h) Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia (g) Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam (c) Yemen, Republic of Australia New Zealand (c) Papua New Guinea World total

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 3 000 2 201 000 8 448 000 958 000 202 414 000 (d) 2 760 000 37 712 000 47 245 000 207 100 000 120 400 000 1 791 796 000 1 200 79 684 000 122 500 000 82 800 30 500 000 300 000 43 100 000 3 160 800 1 092 000 65 700 000 466 600 000 19 100 000 14 477 27 000 13 000 000 10 700 000 130 800 000 3 600 000 15 562 700 14 300 000

* 3 000 2 778 000 8 248 000 935 000 202 875 500 (c) 3 095 000 38 090 000 45 105 000 205 800 000 136 900 000 4 638 759 000 900 160 121 800 139 700 000 90 300 27 200 000 351 000 44 100 000 3 205 500 1 016 000 78 200 000 525 800 000 16 500 000 11 344 28 300 12 100 000 10 700 000 151 300 000 3 600 000 15 769 100 11 200 000

* 3 000 2 939 000 7 955 925 875 000 207 478 000 (c) 3 661 000 37 862 000 43 105 000 177 100 000 152 400 000 30 690 724 000 1 100 79 225 000 153 700 000 83 600 28 000 000 500 137 45 803 815 3 276 442 876 596 83 300 000 547 000 000 8 500 000 11 379 29 800 16 200 000 11 000 000 154 700 000 3 200 000 17 305 300 8 800 000

4 507 3 068 000 6 733 840 863 000 209 919 000 (c) 2 519 000 37 778 000 41 210 000 165 800 000 153 200 000 52 259 627 000 * 1 100 81 731 400 151 300 000 83 500 27 500 000 705 488 46 902 251 3 735 038 * 877 000 84 200 000 542 300 000 2 800 000 10 511 27 300 16 600 000 11 400 000 165 700 000 2 900 000 17 390 000 6 900 000

5 080 3 115 000 6 217 262 826 000 211 429 200 (c) 1 467 000 37 410 000 39 719 000 169 200 000 160 300 000 60 010 588 000 * 1 100 80 825 600 150 800 000 82 900 28 500 000 * 705 500 46 200 000 4 237 286 * 877 000 83 500 000 543 400 000 1 600 000 9 320 24 500 16 300 000 11 800 000 167 300 000 3 100 000 16 210 700 6 600 000

24 796 000 2 466 000 1 683 000

21 967 000 2 121 860 1 424 000

21 821 000 1 864 190 1 346 000

18 534 000 1 603 420 1 399 000

19 750 000 1 785 700 * 1 300 000

3 928 000 000

4 056 000 000

4 095 000 000

4 115 000 000

4 197 000 000

Notes (1) The figures shown in this table include natural gas liquids (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

From oil shale Sudan and South Sudan separated on 9 July 2011 Including natural gas liquids Entirely natural gas liquids Years ended 31 March following that stated Including oil from shale and coal Including shares of production from the Neutral Zone Years ended 30 June of that stated

55   

Production of natural gas Country

million m3 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2 1 713 16 673 213 74 2 727 201 7 792 736 8 13 666 7 2 600 402 7 900 83 944 107 800 5 666 11 138 649 000 423 106 7 58 626 20 382 59 707

1 1 591 16 361 222 443 2 471 187 6 262 623 6 12 952 6 2 315 357 8 300 76 429 101 697 5 825 11 164 669 000 616 106 2 58 536 20 646 47 733

18 1 729 17 242 218 390 2 013 204 5 480 538 5 11 706 6 2 205 381 8 540 76 020 114 918 5 783 11 095 653 000 672 93 2 65 547 20 491 41 054

19 1 359 17 895 228 282 1 862 207 4 566 340 5 10 678 5 2 028 343 7 710 81 479 108 746 5 790 11 135 668 000 660 91 3 62 562 21 313 38 475

33 1 245 18 727 222 181 1 804 198 4 502 28 10 10 060 *5 2 055 354 7 280 66 324 108 820 5 660 11 345 639 000 631 87 3 20 * 550 20 052 38 517

Algeria Angola Congo Egypt Equatorial Guinea Gabon (b) Ivory Coast Libya Morocco Mozambique Nigeria South Africa Tunisia

80 400 710 934 61 300 6 540 85 1 580 16 800 50 3 114 36 600 1 600 3 402

82 700 730 1 161 61 400 6 880 57 1 560 7 900 56 3 823 39 900 1 400 2 935

81 500 740 1 161 60 900 6 811 396 1 700 12 200 76 3 851 43 300 1 186 2 826

81 500 860 1 740 56 100 * 6 600 * 396 1 700 11 000 92 4 304 36 200 838 2 890

83 300 * 750 * 1 750 48 700 * 6 900 * 400 * 1 700 12 200 * 92 * 4 400 38 600 849 2 585

Barbados Canada Cuba Mexico Trinidad & Tobago USA (b)

19 151 478 1 073 57 600 44 624 603 596

20 148 203 1 020 58 300 42 883 648 506

23 144 441 1 035 57 200 42 604 680 538

22 145 367 1 066 58 200 42 831 689 062

21 151 693 1 200 58 100 42 055 728 253

47 097 14 923 16 152 1 792 10 599 340 7 149 30 200

45 524 15 790 18 280 1 440 10 810 224 12 034 31 200

44 124 18 300 20 845 1 207 10 897 510 12 527 32 800

41 708 20 800 24 290 893 12 930 514 12 921 28 400

41 484 21 954 24 536 907 11 800 510 12 900 28 600

142 15 762 19 919 12 283 12 746 95 791 5 120 52 222 86 342 146 200

144 15 634 20 075 12 797 12 888 105 337 5 416 47 559 81 896 151 800

119 16 755 21 056 12 565 13 217 110 608 5 192 40 679 77 972 165 600

159 19 241 22 670 12 206 13 648 120 860 5 906 34 412 73 485 164 000

141 20 627 23 232 11 852 18 492 130 157 5 285 32 693 74 133 172 600

Albania Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Ireland, Republic of (a) Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru Venezuela Afghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh (c) Brunei Burma (d) China East Timor India (d) Indonesia Iran

56   

Production of natural gas Country Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait (e) Kyrgyzstan Malaysia Oman Pakistan (c) Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia (e) Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen, Republic of Australia New Zealand Papua New Guinea World total

million m3 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1 300 3 234 3 396 185 74 812 11 600 23 61 250 29 279 41 995 3 683 126 300 87 700 7 700 290 23 29 565 42 400 60 500 59 600 9 402 6 200

900 4 320 3 298 179 39 531 13 500 27 61 260 30 848 41 676 3 976 161 100 92 300 8 300 330 15 29 041 59 500 52 300 49 100 8 480 9 400

700 2 558 3 276 162 40 299 15 500 29 62 050 37 919 44 145 3 905 170 500 99 300 5 300 442 7 * 41 400 62 300 54 300 56 900 9 355 7 600

1 200 6 492 2 995 * 150 41 912 16 300 33 64 780 34 723 42 646 3 511 176 500 100 000 4 300 381 2 41 800 62 300 56 000 56 900 9 751 10 300

1 300 7 676 2 822 * 150 43 177 16 400 34 65 660 29 000 42 302 3 693 177 200 108 200 3 900 387 3 42 100 69 300 57 800 57 300 10 210 9 600

52 081 4 420 151

53 925 3 995 158

59 732 4 277 149

61 241 4 526 156

64 220 5 040 * 160

3 357 000

3 412 000

3 504 000

3 533 000

3 571 000

Notes (1) So far as possible the figures in this table exclude flared or reinjected gas (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Sales Dry gas Years ended 30 June of that stated Years ended 31 March following that stated Including one-half of the output of the Neutral Zone

57   

Production of phosphate rock

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Finland Russia

817 289 10 300 000

869 694 9 800 000

858 005 10 017 000

877 189 10 500 000

946 234 * 10 500 000

Algeria Burkina Faso Egypt (a) Malawi Mali Morocco Senegal South Africa Tanzania Togo Tunisia Zimbabwe

1 525 234 2 400 3 021 335 — * 1 600 26 603 000 976 200 2 493 904 17 180 695 123 8 148 500 56 656

1 281 100 2 400 4 746 000 — * 18 000 28 052 000 1 411 000 2 564 820 10 125 865 616 2 479 400 46 047

1 250 300 2 688 6 236 000 12 403 * 7 500 27 000 000 1 380 900 2 242 213 19 984 1 100 000 2 762 300 34 600

1 150 000 1 414 5 922 000 * 12 000 * 7 500 26 400 000 882 400 2 131 854 23 020 1 213 657 3 283 500 17 900

1 127 190 1 832 * 6 000 000 * 12 000 * 20 000 32 200 000 806 200 2 011 151 * 23 000 1 085 546 3 784 000 * 10 000

Canada Cuba Mexico USA

826 858 6 200 1 507 402 25 800 000

851 308 6 000 1 690 606 28 100 000

516 000 1 700 1 724 662 30 100 000

316 000 3 000 2 391 451 31 200 000

— 1 300 1 663 059 * 27 100 000

6 192 000

6 738 000

6 740 000

6 715 000

5 997 600

50 528 845 * 50 000 1 134 086 85 240

15 929 1 625 * 50 000 8 889 295 167 741

15 601 1 266 54 000 10 345 925 151 539

14 956 2 915 49 400 14 842 307 98 458

22 859 11 415 30 396 10 884 269 35 820

68 070 000 566 645 2 097 490 * 62 000 55 000 2 777 200 6 528 708 1 755 000 * 100 000 47 385

81 223 000 616 000 2 259 726 98 081 52 720 3 021 955 7 594 000 1 716 200 * 100 000 30 950

95 296 000 653 000 1 941 158 33 333 100 000 2 488 496 6 383 000 1 868 200 * 100 000 69 400

108 510 000 672 000 1 383 998 39 243 140 000 2 539 166 5 398 600 1 831 800 * 100 000 104 961

120 438 000 575 000 1 011 250 * 40 000 * 140 000 2 778 715 6 000 000 * 1 830 000 * 100 000 87 806

2 308 272 — 47 778 3 764 900 35 783 657 900 2 324 500

2 778 310 — 58 254 3 541 900 3 300 652 600 2 395 300

2 952 331 1 534 000 47 558 1 780 300 1 990 664 300 2 363 800

3 478 443 1 820 000 51 325 897 600 350 700 000 2 656 100

3 897 409 1 911 000 * 51 000 * 400 000 500 * 700 000 2 470 900

2 135 801 407 654

2 388 038 436 563

884 643 521 491

2 064 291 347 184

1 950 050 153 418

182 000 000

205 000 000

219 000 000

237 000 000

245 000 000

Brazil (b) Chile Phosphate rock Guano Colombia Peru Venezuela China Christmas Island (a)(c)(d) India (e) Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kazakhstan Korea, Dem. P.R. of Pakistan (a) Philippines Phosphate Rock Guano Saudi Arabia Sri Lanka Syria Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia (a) Nauru (d) World total

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Indonesia and Nigeria are believed to produce phosphate rock (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

58   

Years ended 30 June of that stated Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Including phosphate dust Exports Years ended 31 March following that stated

Mine production of platinum group metals Country Finland Platinum Palladium Poland Platinum Palladium Russia Platinum (a) Palladium (a) Other platinum metals (a) Serbia Platinum Palladium Botswana Platinum Palladium Ethiopia Platinum (b) South Africa Platinum Palladium Other platinum metals Zimbabwe Platinum Palladium Other platinum metals Canada Platinum Palladium Other platinum metals USA Platinum Palladium Colombia China Platinum Palladium Australia Palladium (c) World total

kilograms (metal content)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

— —

— —

429 379

946 766

1 060 808

30 20

23 13

39 23

51 30

* 60 * 30

26 500 115 700 2 200

52 471 107 500 2 100

24 900 89 900 2 800

25 000 84 000 2 600

22 000 81 300 2 800

— 22

6 4

3 22

3 20

*3 * 20

498 2 830

373 2 115

435 2 582

218 1 337

93 560

1

1

*—

*—

*—

147 790 82 222 57 292

148 008 82 731 58 111

128 590 74 738 51 010

137 024 76 008 51 156

93 991 58 410 36 043

8 639 6 916 1 536

10 827 8 422 2 162

10 524 8 136 2 090

13 066 10 153 2 677

12 483 10 138 * 2 800

* 3 500 * 6 100 * 400

* 8 300 * 14 400 * 900

* 8 200 * 14 400 * 900

* 9 700 * 16 800 * 1 100

* 10 700 * 18 700 * 1 200

3 450 11 600

3 700 12 400

3 670 12 300

3 720 12 600

* 3 650 * 12 200

997

1 231

1 460

1 504

1 135

* 1 400 * 700

* 1 400 * 700

* 1 400 * 700

* 1 400 * 700

* 1 400 * 700

781

445

706

786

766

481 000

518 000

440 000

453 000

373 000

Notes (1) Wherever possible, figures relate to quantities of platinum group metals thought to be recovered from ores originating in the country stated (2) Figures for metal production are only given for countries where recovery is thought to be based predominantly on domestic materials or on imported materials which have not been recorded as mine production elsewhere in the table (3) In addition to the production listed, concentrates produced in Spain, and possibly other countries, are believed to be processed in China to recover platinum group metals (a) Sales from mine production and stocks (b) Years ending 7 July of that stated (c) Platinum group metals; all forms

59   

Production of potash Country

tonnes (K2O content) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

5 222 600

5 305 800

4 830 700

4 178 500

6 339 990

3 023 941

3 214 696

3 149 386

3 075 201

3 126 913

3 087 210

6 604 470

5 563 200

6 104 270

7 402 350

513 222

520 555

421 652

711 272

972 045

* 403 800

* 462 000

* 540 000

* 540 000

* 600 000

9 788 000

11 005 000

8 962 717

10 140 000

11 345 000

930 000

1 000 000

900 000

960 000

* 850 000

417 990

423 850

346 509

492 151

442 372

961 000

864 000

996 172

1 158 403

1 108 478

China Israel Chloride Jordan

2 344 500

2 598 800

2 559 000

3 600 000

* 3 600 000

2 041 342 1 284 791

1 789 721 1 355 160

2 115 468 1 094 400

2 155 414 1 046 500

2 212 923 1 100 000

World total

30 000 000

35 100 000

31 500 000

34 200 000

39 100 000

Belarus Germany Potassic salts Russia Chloride Spain Chloride United Kingdom Chloride Canada Chloride USA Potassic salts Brazil Chloride Chile Chloride

60   

Production of rare earth oxides

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Russia

1 496

1 444

2 131

1 443

2 134

—

—

1 800

3 300

* 4 200

* 160

* 188

* 134

—

—

* 118 900 471

* 105 000 498

* 100 000 114

* 95 000 229

* 95 000 221

—

2 188

2 612

970

3 965

USA Brazil China (a) Malaysia Australia (b)

Note(s) (1) All the figures in this table are either reported as rare earth oxides or are calculated to rare earth oxide equivalent. (2) Prior to the 2005-2009 edition of this book, a table for the production of 'rare earth minerals' was included rather than the current 'rare earth oxides'. Users should exercise caution when comparing statistics over longer time periods. (3) Although rare earth minerals are believed to be extracted in other countries, there is insufficient evidence to estimate the quantities of contained oxides. (4) Where possible, data are shown against the country where the mineral is mined. (a) Includes production from iron ore extraction, bastnasite concentrates and ion absorption clays (b) Years ending 30 June of that stated

Production of rhenium

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Armenia Poland Russia

*0 3 *2

*0 3 *1

*1 3 *2

*0 5 *2

*0 *5 *2

USA

6

9

8

7

*8

Chile Peru

* 25 *5

* 27 *—

* 27 *—

* 27 *—

* 27 *—

*1 *2 *0

*1 *3 *0

*1 *3 *0

*1 *3 *0

*1 *— *0

China Kazakhstan Uzbekistan

61   

Production of salt Country Albania Sea salt Armenia Austria Rock salt Salt in brine Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Denmark France (a) Germany Rock salt Brine salt Salt in brine Greece Italy Rock salt & brine salt Montenegro Sea salt Netherlands Poland Rock salt Brine salt Other salt Portugal Rock salt Sea salt Romania Russia Serbia Slovenia Spain Rock salt Sea salt Other salt Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Algeria Brine salt & sea salt Angola Botswana Djibouti Egypt (b) Eritrea Ethiopia (c) Ghana Guinea Kenya (d) Libya Madagascar Mauritania Mauritius (e) Morocco Mozambique (e) Namibia Niger Senegal South Africa Sudan Tanzania Tunisia (e)

62   

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 47 000 29 440

* 47 000 35 570

* 47 000 37 798

* 47 000 30 786

* 47 000 39 793

95 1 071 842 4 449 2 411 683 566 101 1 900 000 66 835 601 046 * 8 500 000

169 1 150 474 * 5 000 2 617 565 721 046 2 200 000 53 963 * 595 000 * 8 500 000

222 3 193 216 5 345 2 176 650 743 807 2 100 000 45 992 * 590 000 6 545 600

184 3 717 419 6 268 2 625 270 727 894 2 000 000 42 502 580 000 7 312 200

245 3 846 881 5 165 1 820 547 791 047 * 2 000 000 33 039 * 580 000 6 500 000

9 992 156 2 118 484 * 4 500 000 164 000

8 765 168 2 217 205 * 6 500 000 174 500

5 938 855 2 182 440 * 10 900 000 191 970

8 510 652 2 164 456 7 878 895 189 500

4 928 656 2 133 359 4 075 004 * 190 000

4 006 882

2 912 128

2 862 440

2 672 340

2 560 441

11 200 5 982 000

10 000 6 866 000

16 000 6 513 000

10 000 6 517 000

* 10 000 6 500 000

1 221 700 2 464 400 763 515

1 233 800 2 633 300 768 000

782 500 2 732 200 724 000

1 310 500 2 735 500 686 352

763 100 2 705 100 641 769

618 961 44 574 2 388 357 704 000 30 816 59

631 295 47 267 2 248 940 373 000 23 334 4 291

520 284 88 693 1 888 516 413 000 16 506 5 684

473 095 91 282 2 127 780 348 000 13 704 3 360

69 702 96 321 2 046 740 361 000 12 994 —

3 115 940 1 242 718 92 644 643 000 4 044 254 4 908 186 6 666 000

3 096 383 1 314 529 92 850 478 324 6 545 546 5 938 000 6 060 000

2 785 959 1 222 060 100 643 492 700 5 254 813 6 181 415 6 460 000

2 973 993 1 221 018 114 829 560 076 5 564 736 5 796 287 6 930 000

* 3 000 000 1 320 000 105 000 418 389 * 5 500 000 2 497 706 * 5 000 000

187 160 * 50 000 364 761 * 12 000 2 703 250 * 27 000 330 359 * 85 000 * 15 000 6 194 * 40 000 * 78 000 391 3 000 503 351 * 120 000 783 036 * 1 300 231 400 394 493 141 840 34 455 1 804 000

245 000 * 40 000 446 525 * 8 000 2 460 462 * 27 000 388 153 * 100 000 * 15 000 24 639 * 20 000 * 85 000 690 4 000 720 814 * 120 000 792 000 * 1 300 258 200 381 177 10 791 32 297 1 180 500

178 000 * 40 000 389 481 * 4 000 2 883 577 * 28 000 320 000 * 100 000 * 15 000 9 980 * 30 000 * 85 000 * 700 3 800 * 730 000 * 130 000 810 000 — 237 300 399 135 26 315 34 016 1 131 200

172 900 * 40 000 521 306 * 500 2 192 936 * 28 000 318 402 * 100 000 * 15 000 8 895 * 30 000 * 85 000 * 700 3 800 * 488 300 * 130 000 651 141 — 243 000 479 024 20 800 36 032 1 146 000

192 982 * 40 000 515 311 * 300 * 2 200 000 * 28 000 * 300 000 * 100 000 * 15 000 18 936 * 30 000 * 85 000 * 700 3 500 439 160 * 130 000 * 657 000 — 244 700 493 828 * 15 000 54 757 698 700

Production of salt Country Bahamas (f) Bonaire Canada Rock salt Other salt (g) Cuba Dominican Republic (a) El Salvador (e) Guatemala (e) Honduras Jamaica Mexico Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua (e) Panama (e) USA Rock salt (h) Salt in brine (h) Evaporated salt (h) Argentina Brazil Rock salt Sea salt Chile Colombia Rock salt Sea salt Ecuador Peru Venezuela (e) Afghanistan Bangladesh (b) Burma (j) Cambodia (e)(i) China India Rock salt (j) Sea salt (j) Other salt (j) Indonesia Iran (k) Iraq Israel (e) Japan (j) Jordan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kuwait Laos Lebanon Mongolia Oman Pakistan Rock salt (b) Sea salt (b)(d) Philippines (e) Saudi Arabia Rock salt & brine salt Sri Lanka Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Thailand Rock salt Other salt

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1 310 915 —

713 138 * 300 000

659 671 * 400 000

956 789 * 400 000

1 493 308 * 400 000

9 536 288 1 001 200 271 800 * 50 000 114 100 * 50 000 * 40 000 14 232 8 634 098 337 321 * 30 000 27 587

11 629 830 994 718 280 800 * 50 000 98 200 * 50 000 * 40 000 14 001 9 361 454 — * 30 000 16 577

9 820 792 1 023 832 215 900 * 50 000 103 100 * 60 000 * 40 000 14 587 10 100 935 — * 30 000 15 596

11 223 829 986 253 222 400 * 50 000 * 100 000 * 60 000 * 40 000 14 166 10 297 955 — * 30 000 27 197

13 173 990 995 546 243 300 * 50 000 * 100 000 * 60 000 * 40 000 * 14 000 * 11 000 000 — * 30 000 25 660

19 052 000 16 454 000 7 794 000

19 360 000 16 720 000 7 920 000

13 392 000 17 484 000 6 324 000

14 508 000 19 223 000 6 851 000

* 15 876 000 * 20 727 000 * 7 497 000

1 532 124

1 888 676

1 843 975

* 1 800 000

* 1 800 000

1 415 373 5 614 959 7 694 879

1 335 454 4 829 275 9 966 038

1 403 364 6 078 507 8 057 130

1 349 411 5 926 042 6 576 960

* 1 400 000 * 6 000 000 10 553 440

288 676 139 810 * 75 000 1 228 900 * 350 000

305 706 116 265 * 75 000 1 468 266 * 350 000

308 547 211 721 * 75 000 1 242 765 * 350 000

319 184 113 226 * 75 000 1 205 435 * 350 000

340 263 105 577 * 75 000 * 1 200 000 * 350 000

* 5 000 1 388 557 125 218 * 170 000 70 377 600

5 000 1 409 239 162 319 * 95 000 67 421 600

5 250 1 430 329 207 261 * 80 000 69 117 800

5 550 1 438 805 169 109 * 85 000 73 676 000

5 680 1 460 698 187 616 * 85 000 64 338 000

1 200 14 202 300 4 406 600 * 600 000 3 291 063 102 000 420 749 1 122 000 32 542 276 131 222 509 * 500 000 * 50 000 32 240 * 15 000 1 862 12 300

— 18 188 300 3 990 800 * 650 000 2 714 735 136 007 399 649 978 000 — 364 222 372 230 * 500 000 * 50 000 35 100 * 15 000 2 183 12 400

— 19 205 600 5 341 300 * 700 000 2 961 952 143 441 414 984 925 000 32 000 463 960 308 847 * 500 000 * 50 000 47 600 * 15 000 2 461 12 800

— 17 517 000 5 502 300 * 720 000 3 251 195 181 928 442 417 929 000 * 32 000 519 188 421 259 * 500 000 * 50 000 * 48 000 * 15 000 * 2 100 11 800

— 21 022 100 5 865 000 * 750 000 * 3 250 000 * 182 000 459 742 928 000 * 32 000 596 508 303 510 * 500 000 * 50 000 * 48 000 * 15 000 * 2 100 12 900

1 943 527 174 786 557 644

1 953 711 286 697 720 146

2 135 760 292 135 774 815

2 159 939 297 047 992 640

2 220 347 254 985 * 993 000

1 800 000 104 000 * 80 000 262 594 50 365

1 864 000 87 256 * 80 000 104 854 26 994

1 611 000 * 100 000 * 40 000 70 750 27 954

1 900 000 * 100 000 * 20 000 80 966 32 062

1 990 000 * 100 000 * 10 000 81 893 36 348

1 405 406 * 100 000

1 359 493 * 100 000

1 363 539 * 100 000

1 300 156 * 100 000

1 381 067 * 100 000

63   

Production of salt

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 215 000 * 60 000 975 300 * 70 000

* 215 000 * 60 000 862 000 * 70 000

* 220 000 * 60 000 776 400 * 70 000

* 220 000 * 60 000 718 700 * 70 000

* 220 000 * 60 000 765 700 * 70 000

12 186 996 60 000

12 849 548 70 000

13 167 372 88 000

13 503 763 55 000

13 453 514 65 000

279 300 000

288 300 000

283 500 000

292 500 000

282 300 000

Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen, Republic of Australia New Zealand World total

Notes (1) This table does not include production of refined salt (2) Salt is known to be produced in many countries for which statistics are not available. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)

Salt; all forms Years ended 30 June of that stated Years ended 7 July of that stated Lake salt Sea salt Exports Including salt in brine Sold or used by producers Seasons beginning in November and ending in May of the year stated. Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ended 20 March following that stated

Production of selenium metal

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Armenia Belgium Finland Germany (a) Poland Russia Sweden

13 * 200 73 * 650 79 * 170 72

14 * 200 86 * 700 85 * 265 70

17 * 200 93 * 650 90 * 172 70

20 * 200 72 * 700 80 * 155 100

20 * 200 94 * 700 90 * 212 * 100

Canada Mexico

97 62

35 95

144 95

159 132

154 120

Peru

59

54

42

50

* 40

* 65 804 * 130 * 65 * 20

* 65 809 * 130 * 65 * 20

* 65 820 * 130 * 70 * 20

* 65 739 * 130 * 70 * 20

* 65 782 * 130 * 70 * 20

China Japan Kazakhstan Philippines Uzbekistan

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Australia, Chile, the Republic of Korea and Zimbabwe are believed to produce selenium metal (a) Includes selenium produced from imported material

64   

Production of sillimanite minerals Country France Andalusite

tonnes (metric)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

* 65 000

* 65 000

* 68 000

* 68 000

* 68 000

Madagascar South Africa Andalusite

—

—

4 500

4 500

* 4 500

* 245 000

* 295 000

* 265 000

* 270 000

* 270 000

USA Kyanite (a)

93 000

98 000

99 000

110 000

* 100 000

Brazil Kyanite (b)

* 200

* 200

* 200

* 200

* 200

5 954 48 784

4 064 59 206

1 048 43 736

1 922 61 597

* 2 000 76 480

* 24

25

29

19

12

India Kyanite (c) Sillimanite (c) Nepal Kyanite (d)

Notes (1) A number of other countries produce sillimanite minerals but details of output are not reported (2) In addition to the countries listed above as producing sillimanite minerals, synthetic mullite is believed to be produced in Brazil, Germany and Hungary (3) Production capacity for synthetic mullite also exists in China, India, Japan, the USA and the United Kingdom but output is believed to be zero. (a) (b) (c) (d)

Including related minerals Including beneficiated and directly shipped material Years ended 31 March following that stated Years ending 15 July of that stated

65   

Mine production of silver Country

kilograms (metal content) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

16 400 1 400 * 55 000 11 020 29 000 — 3 818 * 32 000 1 183 000 20 561 * 18 000 1 144 600 4 384 320 20 800 302 145 363 520 506

16 100 4 175 * 55 000 11 160 * 33 300 9 6 109 * 30 000 1 167 000 28 027 * 18 000 1 134 000 7 380 330 29 900 301 959 246 500 531

14 000 626 * 55 000 10 479 * 39 800 27 9 454 * 31 000 1 149 000 29 890 * 18 000 1 399 600 8 388 441 32 943 309 337 193 890 230

14 083 2 051 * 55 000 14 226 39 759 *3 7 822 * 32 000 1 161 114 40 621 * 18 000 1 412 100 * 8 400 508 * 31 000 341 346 189 600 82

13 295 970 * 55 000 12 830 35 785 — 6 436 * 33 000 1 384 000 43 172 * 18 000 1 334 300 * 8 400 437 * 31 000 382 611 205 000 —

147 — — 5 875 — 771 * 3 900 — 243 000 — 326 79 315 631 12 040

70 — — 9 187 4 417 715 * 3 900 98 227 100 1 841 197 73 180 * 700 13 524

42 8 700 — 12 342 29 922 * 2 400 * 3 900 410 230 200 2 376 329 67 304 * 700 11 227

27 22 597 31 320 60 431 15 799 * 1 400 * 3 900 572 255 000 2 010 110 68 777 * 700 11 014

16 22 288 * 60 000 6 485 47 398 * 1 000 * 3 900 585 276 800 2 165 67 37 268 * 1 000 14 493

Canada Dominican Republic Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua USA

591 482 22 816 194 681 59 787 4 410 749 6 995 1 275 900

661 089 18 169 273 058 50 634 4 777 710 7 927 1 122 300

685 255 27 296 204 681 51 896 5 358 195 10 207 1 055 300

640 362 78 228 281 331 50 916 5 821 001 13 745 1 037 000

493 087 127 712 858 349 58 826 5 765 662 13 587 1 183 900

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Peru

693 600 1 259 000 14 630 1 286 688 15 300 1 169 3 640 444

702 000 1 215 586 15 238 1 291 272 24 045 1 589 3 418 862

750 000 1 206 000 20 145 1 194 521 19 368 2 934 3 480 587

774 470 1 287 200 22 427 1 173 845 13 968 1 198 3 674 283

905 100 1 345 022 * 22 000 1 571 788 11 498 577 3 777 800

China India (c) Indonesia Iran Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Laos Malaysia Mongolia Philippines Saudi Arabia Tajikistan Thailand Uzbekistan

3 085 441 148 303 335 040 * 40 000 4 981 552 060 2 025 * 50 000 17 234 436 19 641 41 004 7 670 3 100 15 300 59 100

3 231 626 207 144 227 173 * 40 000 4 486 650 649 2 649 * 50 000 17 976 459 19 107 45 530 5 839 1 800 16 423 * 60 000

3 639 100 374 046 247 827 * 40 000 3 536 963 182 2 925 * 50 000 20 221 1 628 19 118 49 211 5 500 1 800 32 047 * 60 000

3 670 210 349 774 123 109 * 35 000 3 644 963 580 3 897 * 50 000 32 262 361 29 332 40 043 4 158 1 800 32 381 * 60 000

3 567 568 * 340 000 119 189 34 945 3 541 989 247 3 289 * 50 000 39 823 533 39 160 23 005 4 888 1 700 29 216 * 60 000

Armenia Azerbaijan Bulgaria Finland Greece Greenland Ireland, Republic of Macedonia Poland Portugal Romania Russia (a) Serbia (a) Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey United Kingdom Algeria Botswana Burkina Faso Congo, Democratic Republic Eritrea Ethiopia (b) Ghana Ivory Coast Morocco Namibia Niger South Africa Sudan Tanzania

66   

Mine production of silver

kilograms (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1 879 000 328 17 136 83 957 —

1 725 006 418 14 324 90 055 592

1 726 933 342 5 630 81 332 902

1 839 782 462 11 223 89 666 685

1 847 110 361 15 811 84 302 280

23 387 000

23 415 000

25 064 000

26 053 000

27 427 000

Australia Fiji New Zealand Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands World total

Notes (a) Smelter and/or refinery production (b) Years ended 7 July of that stated (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated

Production of natural sodium carbonate Country Turkey Botswana Ethiopia (a) Kenya USA

tonnes (metric)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

1 623 192

1 749 068

1 852 817

1 665 077

* 1 650 000

240 898 4 046 473 689

257 851 3 650 499 100

248 629 * 4 000 449 269

227 913 * 4 000 468 215

268 529 * 4 000 409 845

10 600 000

10 700 000

11 100 000

11 500 000

* 11 600 000

Notes (a) Years ended 7 July of that stated

Production of strontium minerals Country

tonnes (metric)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Spain

83 035

97 102

96 888

90 972

128 077

Morocco

* 2 500

* 2 500

* 2 500

* 2 500

* 2 500

Mexico

31 429

40 669

46 190

67 778

64 931

8 512

1 056

* 5 000

* 5 000

* 5 000

* 700 000 — 160

* 700 000 40 000 —

* 700 000 * 20 000 —

* 700 000 * 20 000 —

* 700 000 * 20 000 —

Argentina (a) China Iran Pakistan (b)

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany is believed to produce strontium minerals (a) May contain unbeneficiated material (b) Years ended 30 June of that stated

67   

Production of sulphur and pyrites Country Austria Recovered (a) Belarus Recovered (a) Belgium Recovered (c)(a) Bosnia & Herzegovina Recovered Bulgaria Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Croatia Recovered (a) Czech Republic Recovered (a) Denmark Recovered (a) Finland Pyrites Recovered (c) Recovered (a) France Recovered (a) Recovered (b) Germany Recovered (a) Recovered (b) Greece Recovered (a) Hungary Recovered (a) Italy Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Lithuania Recovered (a) Netherlands Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Norway Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Poland Frasch Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Portugal Recovered Romania Recovered Russia Pyrites Recovered (a) Recovered (b) Sulphur ore Serbia Recovered (c) Slovakia Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Spain Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Sweden Recovered (c) Recovered (a)

68   

tonnes (sulphur content)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

40 512

48 612

47 572

45 442

44 560

41 606

45 625

58 322

58 343

70 379

353 000

396 500

382 100

396 900

* 400 000

2 264

4 648

4 473

4 568

4 513

379 000 50 000

411 800 50 000

375 800 55 000

392 200 60 000

* 392 000 * 60 000

6 834

14 725

17 411

15 902

19 384

65 000

35 000

35 000

35 000

* 35 000

3 246

3 045

3 925

3 599

4 435

250 000 269 449 122 000

338 000 319 971 133 300

375 000 329 831 121 700

347 000 315 958 130 000

353 000 336 168 * 130 000

570 000 78 400

505 000 78 400

440 000 78 400

370 000 78 400

* 370 000 * 78 400

831 533 520 220

874 639 542 210

798 257 493 169

754 540 464 776

708 146 437 677

230 000

214 943

227 197

230 000

* 230 000

55 000

60 000

65 000

58 000

* 54 000

124 200 600 000

65 400 620 000

58 800 540 000

40 200 510 000

* 40 200 * 510 000

73 470

76 699

73 040

81 449

76 594

121 000 465 000

120 900 470 000

117 600 450 000

120 900 430 000

* 120 000 * 410 000

36 900 22 000

37 531 19 000

41 464 20 000

38 745 22 000

40 119 * 22 000

516 700 253 000 250 075

657 100 273 000 259 000

702 190 267 000 285 000

526 290 260 000 * 280 000

605 420 * 260 000 * 280 000

23 000

20 500

20 600

* 21 000

* 21 000

50 700

55 600

50 000

60 000

* 47 000

* 71 000 6 406 000 898 700 * 50 000

* 71 000 6 557 000 897 100 * 50 000

* 71 000 6 482 300 919 300 * 50 000

* 71 000 6 091 700 954 200 * 50 000

* 71 000 * 6 092 000 * 954 000 * 50 000

21 200

27 800

29 700

29 400

* 29 400

4 900 73 200

4 900 83 300

4 900 76 200

4 900 85 300

* 4 900 * 85 300

547 400 480 000

490 200 520 000

578 400 545 000

539 200 515 000

* 539 000 * 515 000

180 540 83 947

211 280 92 973

198 850 93 442

194 938 64 587

205 616 86 538

Production of sulphur and pyrites Country Turkey Pyrites Recovered (a)(b) Sulphur ore Ukraine Sulphur ore United Kingdom Recovered (a) Algeria Recovered (a) Egypt Recovered (a) Libya Recovered (a) Morocco Recovered South Africa Pyrites Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Zambia Recovered (c) Aruba Recovered Canada Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Cuba Recovered (a) Mexico Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Netherlands Antilles Recovered (a) Trinidad & Tobago Recovered (a) USA Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Argentina Recovered (c) Brazil Pyrites Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Chile Recovered (c) Colombia Recovered (a) Sulphur ore Ecuador Recovered (a)(d) Peru Recovered (e) Venezuela Recovered (a)

tonnes (sulphur content)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

55 152 72 900 427

56 780 72 900 3 820

52 080 72 900 5 889

45 348 * 72 900 8 069

* 40 000 * 72 900 * 10 000

87 000

102 000

140 000

120 000

* 120 000

162 000

165 000

158 000

313 000

134 000

19 500

16 200

10 400

10 000

* 10 000

80 000

80 000

60 000

80 000

* 80 000

130 200

30 000

100 000

50 000

* 20 000

30 000

45 000

60 000

60 000

* 60 000

30 309 141 000 205 000

— 174 000 163 000

— 133 000 124 000

— * 130 000 * 120 000

— * 130 000 * 120 000

245 000

228 800

261 400

262 000

* 265 000

—

43 653

16 408

—

*—

979 232 6 492 699

638 000 5 970 000

665 000 5 594 000

677 000 5 624 000

649 000 5 265 000

5 000

15 000

18 000

20 000

* 20 000

425 000 991 802

522 900 959 488

555 600 1 010 875

555 600 1 028 800

* 556 000 * 998 000

14 000

—

—

—

—

20 000

20 000

15 000

10 000

* 15 000

791 000 8 320 000

720 000 8 230 000

586 000 8 410 000

616 000 8 600 000

* 730 000 * 9 040 000

23 000

* 23 000

* 23 000

* 23 000

* 23 000

24 803 286 875 143 147

17 744 290 000 170 136

21 746 255 693 222 561

17 581 * 220 000 218 014

* 20 000 * 220 000 * 220 000

1 660 048

1 680 224

1 724 042

1 770 574

1 849 250

7 013 59 556

6 375 58 073

7 138 63 790

5 969 52 470

6 222 48 513

5 000

5 000

7 000

5 000

* 5 000

490 000

539 200

503 600

555 600

* 556 000

350 000

420 000

465 000

415 000

* 420 000

69   

Production of sulphur and pyrites Country Bahrain Recovered (a) China Pyrites Recovered Sulphur ore India Recovered (c)(f) Recovered (a)(b) Indonesia Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Iran Recovered (e) Iraq Recovered (a) Israel Recovered (a) Japan Recovered (c)(g) Recovered (a) Jordan Recovered (a) Kazakhstan Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Korea (Rep. of) Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Pyrites Recovered (c) Kuwait Recovered (a) Oman Recovered (a) Pakistan Recovered (h) Philippines Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Qatar Recovered (a) Saudi Arabia Recovered (a) Singapore Recovered (a) Syria Recovered (a) Taiwan Recovered Thailand Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Turkmenistan Recovered (a) United Arab Emirates Recovered (a) Uzbekistan Recovered (c) Recovered (a) Australia Recovered (c) Recovered (a) New Zealand Recovered

70   

tonnes (sulphur content)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

138 477

125 648

* 120 181

* 120 000

* 120 000

6 342 900 6 403 900 3 200 000

6 964 300 7 026 100 4 000 000

7 464 300 7 228 700 4 660 000

7 703 600 7 516 300 4 975 000

* 7 700 000 * 7 500 000 * 4 975 000

1 083 189 * 1 400 000

1 138 000 * 1 400 000

1 111 000 * 1 400 000

1 000 000 * 1 400 000

* 1 000 000 * 1 400 000

196 100 115 000

215 700 120 000

225 500 120 000

163 400 120 000

* 160 000 * 120 000

1 780 000

1 780 000

1 890 000

1 890 000

1 900 000

125 000

140 000

250 000

190 000

* 190 000

50 000

50 000

50 000

65 000

* 65 000

1 818 600 1 891 875

1 626 500 1 755 329

1 755 600 1 747 246

1 685 700 1 778 963

* 1 700 000 1 750 938

549 000

502 000

460 000

486 000

* 490 000

522 900 2 350 000

549 000 2 311 000

588 200 2 150 500

604 600 2 452 700

* 604 000 2 464 600

1 029 400 * 660 000

1 078 400 1 350 000

1 078 400 1 525 000

1 078 400 1 600 000

* 1 078 000 1 450 000

17 900 16 300

17 900 16 300

17 900 16 300

17 900 16 300

* 17 900 * 16 300

828 288

743 000

844 300

850 000

* 850 000

50 000

36 000

59 000

51 000

* 50 000

26 641

27 645

25 560

20 610

35 672

169 000 45 000

169 000 45 000

88 200 45 000

169 900 45 000

* 169 900 * 45 000

1 124 210

1 655 937

1 843 982

1 978 862

* 1 900 000

3 200 000

3 300 000

4 092 000

3 900 000

* 3 800 000

195 000

300 000

330 000

300 000

* 300 000

50 000

60 000

20 000

* 6 000

* 3 000

231 700

219 975

231 296

192 292

195 280

45 800 190 000

45 800 200 000

45 800 210 000

45 800 220 000

* 45 800 * 210 000

100 000

200 000

240 000

400 000

* 410 000

180 000

1 875 000

2 200 000

2 510 000

* 2 530 000

124 800 390 000

124 800 362 000

130 700 360 000

130 700 385 000

* 131 000 * 385 000

931 400 60 000

931 400 60 000

882 400 60 000

817 000 50 000

* 800 000 * 50 000

35 000

35 000

32 700

35 000

* 35 000

Production of sulphur and pyrites Country World total Pyrities Frasch Recovered Sulphur ore

tonnes (sulphur content)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

6 800 000 500 000 64 500 000 3 400 000

7 500 000 700 000 67 400 000 4 200 000

8 000 000 700 000 68 900 000 4 900 000

8 200 000 500 000 69 500 000 5 200 000

8 200 000 600 000 69 100 000 5 200 000

Notes (a) From petroleum refining and/or natural gas (b) Other (c) From metal sulphide processing (d) Including frasch (e) Sulphur; all forms (f) Years ended 31 March following that stated (g) Including S content of sulphur ore (h) Years ended 30 June of that stated

Production of talc Country Austria Finland France Italy Macedonia Norway Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Spain Talc Pyrophyllite Sweden Turkey Talc Pyrophyllite United Kingdom

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

138 367 419 345 400 000 140 000 1 292 6 392 11 981 296 * 150 000 7 000

132 018 429 494 400 000 140 000 547 8 191 15 462 131 * 150 000 7 000

134 665 396 332 350 000 140 000 286 7 983 15 131 13 * 150 000 2 000

134 814 361 840 350 000 162 234 — 8 459 11 348 — * 150 000 10 000

131 108 380 821 350 000 * 165 000 — * 8 000 14 942 — * 150 000 3 000

51 897 — 4 000

11 957 5 600 3 000

8 857 *— —

*— — —

*— — —

1 826 192 643 2 633

9 959 115 462 3 708

14 537 85 251 3 667

1 132 101 872 2 947

* 1 100 * 100 000 4 907

35 474

12 934

21 516

63 358

* 65 000

Egypt (a) Morocco Talc Pyrophyllite South Africa Talc Pyrophyllite

— 27 066

516 4 613

200 * 4 600

*— * 4 600

*— * 4 600

3 150 122 511

4 453 121 368

4 765 18 734

4 924 17 336

4 827 18 900

Canada Guatemala Mexico USA

100 000 2 175 870 604 000

147 000 3 273 51 221 616 000

154 000 2 449 463 214 515 000

175 000 3 253 846 813 542 000

81 000 * 3 300 * 850 000 * 535 000

Argentina (b) Brazil (b) Chile Colombia (b) Peru Talc Pyrophyllite Uruguay

24 820 412 359 238 —

24 379 443 533 — —

23 576 459 539 — —

* 24 000 592 844 — 90

* 24 000 * 600 000 — * 100

19 767 — 830

28 296 — 54 880

31 559 30 399 370

32 899 31 678 710

28 847 * 31 000 360

71   

Production of talc Country Bhutan China India Pyrophyllite (c) Steatite (c) Iran (d) Japan Talc Pyrophyllite Korea (Rep. of) Talc Pyrophyllite Korea, Dem. P.R. of Nepal (e) Pakistan (a) Saudi Arabia Pyrophyllite Taiwan Thailand Talc Pyrophyllite Vietnam Pyrophyllite Australia (a) World total Notes (a) Years ended 30 June of that stated (b) Including talc, agalmatolite and pyrophyllite (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated (d) Years ended 20 March following that stated (e) Years ended 15 July of that stated

72   

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

26 302 2 000 000

8 562 2 000 000

16 063 * 2 200 000

9 584 * 2 200 000

12 601 * 2 200 000

240 082 902 686 158 439

255 891 998 438 58 987

247 968 971 778 116 087

208 454 865 126 93 116

* 211 000 790 910 * 95 000

* 24 000 * 340 000

* 24 000 * 350 000

* 25 000 * 340 000

* 26 000 * 350 000

* 26 000 * 350 000

5 729 673 936 * 50 000 5 674 53 991

15 068 510 708 * 50 000 3 556 47 561

21 625 483 133 * 50 000 6 935 55 515

2 808 524 881 * 50 000 5 140 93 214

5 484 622 865 * 50 000 5 703 72 234

25 000 360

8 000 659

6 000 778

6 000 362

7 000 133

672 2 205

2 304 5 300

5 856 35 000

7 880 * 35 000

82 080 * 35 000

* 16 000

* 16 000

* 16 000

* 16 000

* 16 000

80 000

99 000

135 000

* 104 000

* 115 000

7 500 000

7 400 000

7 800 000

8 200 000

8 300 000

Production of tantalum and niobium minerals Country Russia Nb content Ta content Burundi Columbite-tantalite Congo, Democratic Republic Columbite-tantalite Ethiopia Tantalite (a) Madagascar Columbite Mozambique Tantalite Nigeria Tantalite Columbite Rwanda Columbite-tantalite Canada Pyrochlore Tantalite Nb content Brazil Pyrochlore Columbite-tantalite China Columbite-tantalite Malaysia Struverite Australia Tantalite World total concentrates (b) Nb content Ta content

tonnes (metric)

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

397 31

431 27

450 31

511 32

581 40

29

52

117

31

—

279

383

586

500

1 140

400

207

* 200

* 200

* 200

21

8

*8

*8

*8

55

139

140

*—

*—

58 128

64 23

63 23

* 60 * 25

* 60 * 25

560

829

* 1 100

* 2 500

2 303

* 10 100 — 4 419

* 10 800 — 4 532

* 10 900 — 4 819

* 12 300 121 4 910

* 13 000 — 5 480

* 238 000 * 310

* 243 000 * 240

* 268 000 * 210

* 244 000 * 392

* 280 000 * 400

* 350

* 350

* 350

* 350

* 350

84

110

262

190

255

—

* 240

* 100

—

—

251 000 105 000 600

257 000 108 000 700

282 000 119 000 800

261 000 109 000 1 100

298 000 125 000 1 200

Notes (1) Niobium and tantalum minerals are believed to be produced in Namibia and South Africa. (2) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of tantalum and niobium concentrates, except where otherwise indicated (3) Tantalum is also recovered from tin slags and is believed to have accounted for approximately 20% of raw material supplied (a) Years ended 7 July of that stated (b) Excluding Russia

Production of tellurium metal

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Russia Sweden

31 —

31 —

30 7

* 30 24

* 30 31

Canada USA

8 50

6 * 50

11 * 50

12 * 50

9 * 50

Japan

47

47

43

31

32

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany is believed to produce tellurium metal

73   

Mine production of tin

tonnes (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Portugal Russia Spain

22 143 —

39 75 9

42 249 69

84 156 0

75 * 150 —

67 9 330 ... 6 1 258 3 970 4 24

159 10 229 ... 10 1 406 4 508 22 0

259 10 439 — 1 2 408 3 477 68 0

74 3 427 69 8 2 516 3 671 118 19

106 4 612 85 5 2 485 4 447 59 33

20 190 10 400 33 848

20 373 10 725 28 882

19 702 13 667 26 105

19 287 16 830 23 668

19 791 * 17 000 23 105

* 800 129 600 45 * 92 300 463 2 668 7 291 * 5 400

* 2 100 127 400 37 * 97 400 337 3 340 42 282 * 5 400

* 2 100 115 900 36 * 101 200 520 3 725 (c)* 54 199 * 5 400

* 9 000 157 980 26 * 88 400 579 3 697 (c)* 60 132 * 5 400

* 35 000 160 000 * 25 * 70 200 868 3 777 (c)* 60 156 * 5 400

18 263

14 014

6 158

6 472

7 207

329 000

327 000

312 000

342 000

355 000

Burundi Congo, Democratic Republic Egypt Niger Nigeria Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Bolivia Brazil Peru (a) Burma China India (b) Indonesia Laos Malaysia Mongolia Thailand Vietnam Australia World total Notes (a) Recoverable (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) Estimate based on reported exports

Smelter production of tin

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Belgium Poland Russia

9 946 602 1 381

10 008 82 726

11 350 1 375 900

10 346 1 900 489

9 718 2 253 * 490

14 975 9 098 36 451

14 518 9 382 32 290

14 280 11 955 24 811

14 863 14 721 24 181

15 439 12 100 24 460

China India (b) Indonesia Japan Malaysia Thailand Vietnam

149 000 24 * 64 200 841 38 737 23 551 3 042

155 500 23 * 73 000 947 40 267 20 670 * 3 900

148 100 14 * 79 800 1 133 37 792 19 996 * 4 800

159 601 23 * 63 000 1 786 32 668 19 088 * 5 500

186 900 *— * 63 800 1 746 34 971 16 929 * 5 500

World total

352 000

361 000

356 000

348 000

374 000

Bolivia (a) Brazil Peru

Notes (1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary metal (2) In addition to the countries listed, many countries produce small amounts of secondary metal (a) Refined, including alloys (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated

74   

Production of titanium minerals Country Norway Ilmenite Russia Ilmenite Ukraine Ilmenite Rutile

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

864 000

870 000

830 614

826 126

863 660

2 500

63 490

125 095

150 458

178 426

* 600 000 * 100 000

* 600 000 * 100 000

* 600 000 * 100 000

* 600 000 * 100 000

* 600 000 * 100 000

11 000

—

—

*—

*—

— —

— —

— —

— —

281 543 52 465

* 273 000 * 5 700

511 000 * 9 400

562 000 * 13 000

562 000 * 8 800

334 000 * 7 000

678 400 4 700

636 800 6 500

574 500 5 100

720 100 4 000

854 600 6 100

— — —

— — —

— — —

— — —

1 005 290 262 401

Egypt Ilmenite Kenya Ilmenite Rutile Madagascar Ilmenite Rutile Mozambique Ilmenite Rutile Senegal Ilmenite Rutile Leucoxene Sierra Leone Ilmenite Rutile South Africa Ilmenite (b) Rutile

18 206 68 198

14 576 67 970

21 400 94 490

32 350 120 350

25 265 83 138

* 1 200 000 135 000

* 1 369 000 133 000

* 1 203 000 * 141 000

* 1 070 000 * 734 000

* 1 105 000 * 133 000

Canada Ilmenite (a)(b) USA

* 2 400 000 * 200 000

* 2 500 000 * 300 000

* 2 700 000 * 300 000

* 2 800 000 * 200 000

* 2 500 000 * 100 000

53 928 2 331

68 804 2 350

69 071 1 881

78 264 2 021

* 80 000 * 2 000

* 1 000 000

* 1 100 000

* 1 100 000

* 1 100 000

* 1 100 000

663 217 26 593 * 17 000

751 163 16 598 * 17 000

738 524 16 527 * 17 000

* 740 000 * 16 000 * 17 000

* 740 000 * 16 000 * 17 000

19 036 7 567

28 782 10 810

22 275 20 008

16 043 5 983

8 159 3 069

52 637 2 568

62 955 1 970

44 707 1 590

42 685 3 155

135 298 37 070

586 800

760 000

978 300

1 038 300

* 1 100 000

1 339 000 438 000 160 000

1 276 600 474 300 224 000

1 344 200 438 856 228 000

1 342 000 232 000 * 230 000

* 1 340 000 * 300 000 * 230 000

10 000 000 800 000 5 600 000

10 900 000 800 000 6 100 000

11 200 000 800 000 6 200 000

11 300 000 1 200 000 6 600 000

12 400 000 700 000 6 700 000

Brazil Ilmenite Rutile China Ilmenite India Ilmenite (c) Rutile (c) Kazakhstan Malaysia Ilmenite Rutile Sri Lanka Ilmenite Rutile Vietnam Ilmenite Australia Ilmenite Rutile Leucoxene World total Ilmenite (wt of concs) Rutile (wt of concs) All forms (TiO2 content) See notes on following page

75   

Production of titanium minerals Notes (1) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of titanium concentrates (2) Some ilmenite is converted to synthetic rutile in Australia, India, Japan and USA (3) In 2014 South Africa produced an estimated 700 000 tonnes of slag (85% TiO2) and Canada produced an estimated 1 000 000 tonnes of slag (80-95% TiO2) (a) Canada produces some ilmenite which is sold as such and not processed into slag, but tonnages are small (b) It is believed that the majority of this is processed into slag. (c) Years ended 31 March following that stated

Mine production of tungsten

tonnes (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Austria Portugal (a) Russia Spain

975 799 5 588 303

861 818 7 103 425

706 763 7 252 496

851 692 6 266 614

862 671 * 6 300 1 036

Burundi Congo, Democratic Republic Rwanda Uganda

100 40 630 44

162 23 950 8

190 37 1 105 34

50 60 * 1 800 57

* 50 8 * 1 700 * 60

Canada

364

2 368

2 505

2 762

2 689

1 203 166 716

1 418 244 546

1 573 381 365

1 580 494 35

1 578 * 500 77

163 51 287 * 110 * 100 27 481 * 300 —

* 140 61 802 * 110 * 100 13 229 * 300 —

* 130 62 009 * 100 * 100 42 107 * 300 —

* 140 64 895 * 60 * 100 — 203 * 300 —

* 140 * 68 000 * 70 * 100 — 139 * 300 * 1 000

16

15

28

31

12

63 400

77 600

78 200

81 000

85 300

Bolivia Brazil (b) Peru Burma (c) China Korea, Dem. P.R. of Kyrgyzstan Mongolia Thailand (a) Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia World total

Notes (1) In addition to the countries listed, the USA is known to produce tungsten (a) Wolframite and scheelite (b) Mainly scheelite (c) Including tungsten content of tin-wolframite concentrates

76   

Mine production of uranium

tonnes (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Czech Republic Germany Romania Russia Ukraine

259 *8 * 77 3 563 850

252 52 * 77 2 993 890

222 50 * 90 2 862 960

232 27 * 80 3 135 1 075

165 33 * 77 2 990 962

Malawi Namibia Niger South Africa

671 4 500 4 198 579

785 3 262 4 159 556

1 102 4 500 4 821 467

1 133 4 328 4 277 531

369 3 259 4 156 566

Canada USA

9 518 1 628

9 145 1 537

8 998 1 596

9 331 1 794

8 729 1 884

148

265

231

198

231

* 827 * 400 17 803 * 45 2 400

* 1 500 * 400 19 451 * 45 3 000

* 1 500 * 385 21 317 * 45 3 000

* 1 450 * 400 22 567 * 41 2 400

* 1 500 * 385 23 127 * 45 2 400

5 971

5 961

7 022

6 370

5 001

53 400 63 000

54 300 64 100

59 200 69 800

59 400 70 100

55 900 66 000

Brazil China India Kazakhstan Pakistan Uzbekistan Australia World total World total (U3O8 equivalent)

Notes (1) Excluding uranium production from decommissioning operations

Mine production of vanadium Country

tonnes (metal content) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Russia

12 293

12 860

14 856

14 402

15 125

South Africa

22 606

21 652

19 957

* 14 000

* 10 000

1 060

590

106

591

*—

—

—

—

—

1 032

* 32 000 * 1 000

* 36 000 * 1 000

* 39 000 * 1 000

* 41 000 * 1 000

* 41 000 * 1 000

69 000

72 000

75 000

71 000

68 000

USA Brazil China Kazakhstan World total

Notes (1) This table includes vanadium in slag products but excludes vanadium recovered as a by-product of the refining and burning of heavy oils

77   

Production of vermiculite Country

tonnes (metric) 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Russia

* 30 000

* 30 000

* 30 000

* 30 000

* 30 000

Egypt Kenya South Africa Uganda Zimbabwe

2 865 395 199 285 1 121 —

2 093 515 170 571 6 882 —

* 2 500 457 132 886 4 165 —

2 743 400 127 658 243 —

* 2 800 * 400 143 007 *— 13 300

98 * 100 000

241 * 100 000

500 * 100 000

425 * 100 000

* 400 * 100 000

2 500 49 976

1 000 54 970

* 320 51 986

* 500 68 014

* 500 * 70 000

* 15 000 19 234 * 6 000

* 15 000 10 194 * 6 200

* 15 000 7 947 * 6 200

* 15 000 10 176 * 6 200

* 50 000 * 24 000 * 6 200

7 922

8 297

9 256

9 091

—

Mexico USA (a) Argentina Brazil China India (b) Japan Australia (c) Notes (a) Sold or used by producers (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) Years ended 30 June of that stated

Production of wollastonite

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Finland Spain

12 100 6 000

11 500 7 417

* 11 500 10 918

* 11 500 16 738

* 11 500 15 298

Mexico USA

46 548 * 67 000

47 523 * 70 000

55 204 * 70 000

57 302 * 70 000

54 579 * 70 000

China India (a)

710 000 183 381

745 000 184 445

* 750 000 145 667

* 750 000 192 642

* 750 000 179 660

Notes (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated

78   

Mine production of zinc

tonnes (metal content)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Armenia Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria (a) Finland Greece Ireland, Republic of Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Turkey

7 468 5 514 9 904 55 562 18 400 342 500 4 100 32 872 * 250 107 700 6 422 * 7 700 214 000 2 600 82 17 323 198 687 195 500

8 106 6 862 10 977 64 115 21 200 344 000 2 872 28 132 * 3 300 87 200 4 227 * 8 800 197 000 3 100 103 33 197 194 021 158 057

8 431 7 600 12 116 52 200 20 800 337 500 3 818 28 037 4 677 76 700 30 006 * 8 400 189 000 6 000 134 28 634 188 325 195 793

8 294 9 100 13 902 41 124 22 549 326 700 4 983 30 907 5 487 75 900 53 382 * 2 000 193 000 5 800 190 30 428 176 582 195 025

7 649 8 100 11 900 46 100 23 085 282 600 5 514 31 570 5 505 56 000 67 378 * 3 300 217 000 7 100 176 26 756 221 841 210 152

Burkina Faso Congo, Democratic Republic Morocco Namibia Nigeria South Africa Tunisia

— 4 612 43 680 204 200 200 36 142 200

— 7 379 45 065 192 500 3 100 36 629 600

— 5 300 47 600 193 600 13 800 37 034 7 400

35 640 6 057 44 200 188 402 7 000 30 145 7 700

67 760 6 369 45 412 178 399 7 000 26 141 7 400

Canada Guatemala Honduras Mexico USA

649 065 — 33 839 570 004 748 100

622 600 — 26 000 631 859 724 800

641 134 442 26 000 660 349 738 400

426 545 1 221 25 000 642 542 784 400

352 745 13 394 30 000 659 878 * 820 000

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Peru

32 600 411 409 211 203 27 662 1 470 450

38 000 427 129 197 840 36 602 1 256 383

42 000 389 911 164 258 26 762 1 281 282

47 650 407 332 152 147 29 759 1 351 273

57 577 448 970 * 159 000 45 094 1 319 000

Burma China India (b) Iran Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Laos Mongolia Pakistan (c) Philippines Saudi Arabia Tajikistan Thailand Vietnam

* 8 600 3 842 200 729 886 128 000 453 500 355 * 38 000 1 140 56 300 9 100 9 268 4 879 — 21 971 * 36 000

* 9 200 4 050 000 726 518 138 000 429 000 743 * 34 000 1 642 52 350 11 123 18 170 4 934 9 000 22 259 * 34 000

* 8 000 4 859 100 759 527 138 000 425 000 1 434 * 35 000 883 59 550 10 024 19 559 21 213 29 900 24 996 * 25 000

* 4 800 5 187 700 758 449 130 000 417 000 1 749 * 36 000 * 2 000 52 050 — 16 730 26 293 24 300 25 887 * 20 000

* 6 100 * 5 200 000 670 538 150 000 386 300 1 919 * 32 000 * 2 000 46 600 — — 41 804 54 300 34 033 * 17 000

Australia

1 480 000

1 514 756

1 541 224

1 524 504

1 561 109

12 500 000

12 500 000

13 400 000

13 600 000

13 700 000

World total

Notes (a) Metal content of ore (b) Years ended 31 March following that stated (c) Years ended 30 June of that stated

79   

Production of slab zinc

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Belgium (a) Bulgaria Finland France Germany Italy Netherlands Norway Poland Russia Spain Ukraine

260 000 93 800 307 144 163 000 165 000 104 700 264 000 148 862 135 100 241 000 517 100 7 600

282 000 88 400 307 352 164 000 170 000 110 200 261 000 153 200 144 100 252 000 527 100 6 600

250 000 73 100 314 742 161 000 169 000 97 200 257 000 152 647 138 300 257 000 528 300 7 000

252 000 * 72 000 311 686 152 000 162 000 111 000 275 000 143 444 146 300 240 000 * 530 000 3 900

262 000 87 800 302 000 171 000 165 000 110 100 290 000 165 600 154 000 252 000 * 530 000 8 100

Algeria Namibia South Africa

31 000 151 688 90 000

25 000 145 639 73 000

20 000 145 342 —

25 000 128 291 —

25 000 * 122 000 —

Canada Mexico USA

691 221 327 772 248 700

662 151 322 116 247 600

648 619 323 569 261 400

651 634 322 781 233 200

649 217 320 923 185 000

Argentina Brazil Peru

42 700 288 107 223 112

43 500 284 770 313 714

37 500 246 526 319 280

37 900 242 000 346 400

29 100 246 000 336 500

5 208 900 740 402 120 000 574 008 318 858 750 000 * 36 000 95 219 50 000 * 16 000

5 212 200 783 647 132 000 544 674 319 847 828 735 * 30 000 98 370 65 000 * 18 000

4 881 200 704 228 148 000 571 312 319 847 881 100 * 31 000 101 263 62 000 * 18 000

5 279 600 767 994 140 000 587 291 320 150 886 000 * 32 000 76 576 * 54 000 * 12 000

5 826 900 737 829 132 000 583 021 324 946 901 000 * 27 000 65 694 * 66 000 * 12 000

499 000

507 316

498 259

498 291

481 573

12 900 000

13 100 000

12 600 000

13 000 000

13 600 000

China India (a) Iran Japan Kazakhstan Korea (Rep. of) Korea, Dem. P.R. of Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam Australia World total

Notes (a) Years ended 31 March following that stated

80   

Production of zirconium minerals

tonnes (metric)

Country

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Russia Ukraine

9 308 * 35 000

8 914 * 35 000

(a)* 9 000 * 35 000

(a) 8 504 * 35 000

(a)* 8 500 * 35 000

Kenya Madagascar Mozambique Senegal Sierra Leone South Africa

— 7 490 37 100 — 7 092 381 000

— 13 075 43 600 — 8 350 383 000

— 22 500 46 900 — 610 * 393 000

— 22 500 31 400 — 2 950 * 292 000

40 123 27 000 50 800 8 277 1 868 * 393 000

* 110 000

* 115 000

* 115 000

* 115 000

* 115 000

23 235

23 283

20 425

21 154

* 20 000

China India (b) Indonesia (c) Malaysia Sri Lanka Vietnam

* 33 500 33 209 * 50 000 1 267 9 200 23 730

* 33 500 25 996 * 127 000 1 685 641 24 020

* 33 500 21 125 * 109 000 442 293 * 21 000

* 33 500 * 20 000 * 49 000 379 323 * 7 000

* 33 500 * 20 000 * 21 000 677 * 325 * 7 000

Australia

549 000

762 100

604 900

388 000

* 400 000

1 310 000

1 605 000

1 433 000

1 027 000

1 182 000

USA Brazil (a)

World total

Notes (1) In this table the term 'zirconium minerals' is understood to mean zircon, unless otherwise stated (a) Including caldasite rock containing zircon and baddeleyite (b) Years ending 31 March following that stated (c) Conservative BGS estimates, based on exports

81   

Price £30